eee) Energy Transition and Net Zero Commitment Vinayak Marathe on the balancing Act India must perform between growing energy consumption and Net Zero commitment. fa has mery challenges ahead - eimate ‘ons, ener indapendoros and emro¥ng nequaltyoe, ata ime when theeconany ira~anda mted tira ame to achieve al is wnoatimpacting economic oro Incfaistargting a5 llon-dolareconcmy, and ‘sooner oF later. India at the moments te Stn argest economy inthe word ‘and would soon aecome the Sarat. Does ccuttariyno The per capita GOP of hia a6 por the data released by the Intematcnal Monetary Fund (IMR) en Feonay 07, 2024, USD 2860, In terme of GOP/Capia, Ida's ranking io 140 (nominal, 2023) erd 125th (PPP, 2025). finda has to figura in that of rich and developed courres, GDP/Cania mos arow at a much higherpace vil achieve itmae hia county? N Te eee a dollar economy, and will achieve it sooner or later The Energy S has to playa major roe tera develope India. Fusl demand of dia is expected to grow tom 6 millon bartels to 10 rie by 2045, Pettochemied demand of India is expected to grow ‘rom coment 25 MAMTPA te over 75 MNTPA. Energy demand ‘wil continue to grow wth the growth of GOP and per earitanceme, indanas >80% rroort dependency for cue ol and 345% import dopendancy for natural gas. Incla has ennourced net 280 by 2070. N ct energy comparicsiningia havo announced netzoro by ieengages in ag Agicuture workers ean the ones income of Rs 45,000-50,000 which ‘Wr of maruiacturng per capita income, UUniess the agriculture manoower migrates to merufactuina. ncusve arth ofthe county villnottzopen Gen the above data Ines has too the io balancing act of moving towards net ze, managing ‘aod rows in tie eneray sector and devaooing the sources of 'rew energy toreduce the GHG emissions and more Impetenth, become Airarithar’ How will the balancing happen? 1 Rainary cas the rdlongost consumer of ol and gas ater the US and Chna. Demand for petroleum products wil continusto so. Flowing arate options for Ina to reduce the ogperdency on crude ll Imports: 00%) Index (peak value ‘+ Ratner intagraton,assst uogradaton, andmaxmisetottomprocessing ‘Natural gas intogation wih Refinery to producepowerandhycrogen + Conder petroleum cote goication to synthoticnatual gas and utleng refinery of ‘gas forpetrochomicalproduetion + Extonsie growth of lect vehile, ara ‘= Etano| blanding much beyond the urenttargetot 20%. However thace messures wil not hobs GHG (asemisson reduction, andihacny options foremissionreductonare: ‘Electic Vehicles ~ Not yet proven but there fre arumeer of papers wich show thal ie cycle CO? emission win eectre wenicls ic rmorecrlesssameastossi tusvericles. ‘+ Extonsve research to bing down the cost 0126 end aGbo-uele ta match twin fetoasl fuel-based petrolaum product. ‘Continued ofr to make hydrogen ckiven voile aerolty + Extonsve recenrch to reduce the coat of Carbon capture and making value added ‘chemical romthe Co2. ‘Cedar sccromi fr bo-crude ot—Proctot ‘concept has been cone to make crude bie ol from algas routs. Alga are gon on ses water using the CO2 captured from the refinery criosion andtho eunight. Curent chalongofor this cular econemy ie the comparative cost. Ifthe resaarch ries succeed to match tho st of bio crude ol through natural cue ol this can be the game changsr forthe enti energy sector 2 Petrochemicals: Most of the petrochemical production in ina is dependant upon tho 300% 90% 20% 70% ox, 50% 200 2010 2020 rofineny siroams. ratural gas. ethane and propane. In all these options import dependency on ol and gas remains hgh and will continue to increase. Due to the ‘entinuously changing geo-policl situation the petrochemicas produced from refiery downstream and natwal gao avo wnabis to withstand the glotal compstitin. Largs petocharica! assate are being mult at the sexzosof lland gas inthe Midele-east, Fuss, land Neetn America, As the maimum groan ot petracherrcasis in a, the target marke fer ‘aldooal producton sso ind Folowng aro the few ootions for Inia to deal with such challenges: + Crude to Ghemical through Gataytio. (Gracking ~ This Is the upcoming tectndlogy \wtion can improve tha economios of both refineryendpetrochericas. “+ Improving the ctfeiency of the existing assets to make those porto at top quarils performance. Tisis achievable touch a tow 2030 Energy — Natural ens —oi coat 240 2050 ‘Total Energy Consumption = 33,5081 Cer en Ce ec) en ca simple modifinatons ta niduce the energy ‘consumption, feedstock optimisation. de- bottleneck, andreveres + India has huge rosans of coal. Foous is reodecto develop tho technclagies to produce the aleins from ths avaiable quay of coal ‘China ras a number of petrochemical plants bbasedonthe Coalte Ot technology. '3. Energy mic Al fossil fucs poak befor tho ond of this desace, with desires in advanced ‘economies and China ofisting Increasing ‘comand elsewhere, Glob predictons are very ‘opisic abcut the sharp reduction In coalEnergy consumptien. Can India achiove the sama trend of racuston of coal carsurmpton? inca had opposed the crt of CO27 fer phasing fouteadl, Inala succeeded hn changing th craft to phase out coal rom phase down coal’ inca has the cheapest power trom coal end hence ‘¥en with impor: oi some good qualty coal, India’s 47% electrety generation comes from coal Tho only viable option to reduce coal consumption to move towards ne zero targets Isto masimise the scar sower grerton india Is aggressively pushing solar power with poles, subsitis, and with the eferts to reduce the cost of gonaraton. Solar power capital cost ie ost 4 tinge Hf the powsr requred 24x? due to high, 25 times adeicnal (generation capacty and the cost of storage. ‘Another aspect of phasing cown coalis social Impact, which has not been oven much attention, The number of jobs i the coal mnining, rasportation ard thermal power plants will heavly recuce as the power igenertion from the coal goes down, The umber ef jobe crested with aol plato ia much ower than t-enumberaijobeprased out with roduction in coal minng and powar generation, Nuclear power is one of the bast options to Phas» out coal and als reduce the emissions. Howaver, new enginaoring standards for rucliae power slants, ater the dsaster in Japan de‘ the ‘sunami, have horeased the capita cst for buicna the raw nuciear plants. ‘Aso, theres huge opposition rom the ube build nucear olnts, People are net much aware thal nucleer plants can be safely ‘peated fo: the ane Ife yc with advanced safely measures. 4, Popul palces and commitment forthe net ore: Many counts andan nereasingnumber of businesses ae committed to reaching net zor emissions. As of September 2023, net zero omissions pledges cover moe than 85% of global enerey related amesione and neatly 80% oF glotal GDP. Nnty-three courtivs and theExopeen Union havepiedgedio mactanet Zao missions target, Moreover governments ‘around the word, especialy in advanced fecanomes, have responded ‘othe pardemic: and the alobal eneray css by putting forward new measures desloned to promte fe uptake ofrevawabies. India launched tour naw eneroy etiiancy Poles for esidertal appliances, in supoort of reducing the rations ener inary by 45% bby 2690. Ind fas seta target to reduce the axben intsnsity of the nallon's eocnamy by lose than 45% by the end of the decade, lachove SC per cant cumulatve ela power Installed by 2020 trom renewable, and achieve rnet-26° carbon omiesiens by 2070, Inca alms for 500 GW of renewable energy instalod ‘capacity by 2090. ST RG Peon hd eee eT) India has also launched the National Green tHyorogen Mission with the cbectve to maks Iria he Global ub for prediction, usage and ‘export of Green Hyckogen and its derivatives! ‘Thi wil contbute 10 inc's am to become ‘Astmeirtharthrouch cean arargy and servos an inspiration for the olobal Cean Enaray Transtion, Ta mission wit lead to significant decarbonisaton of the economy, reduced dependence on fossil imports, anc enabls Inda to assume technolocy anc market IpacerhivinGreentyorogen. India nad active participation in COPZRin spite ‘ofthe counts per cepta emission tena very tow. COP2Bhas not achieved muchas most ct the cevloped counties are faing on ther ‘commit or cate funcing, dla. n Sota ‘of not much financial support trom the ‘oveloped couiies fs moving ahead wth ts targetot Net Zero 0y2070. ‘The next generation is likely to soe the ‘adversties of the ciate Impact on the style is mportant forthe Geran Next tounderstand the cansequencesof hacia isis, measures being anrouncod to reduce the impact, and how otic shail to rraks ‘the challenging plans successful. Noxt ‘canara ie going tebe much mors equpped with tools like Al, Clous computing, flenemaus aparaen and ebots, ts. Energy ‘uansiion and Atmartonar chalanges can be mmuchfasierachisvedby inenext generations! Vinayak Marathe is Director of India subsidiary of Phillips Townsend Associates Ing., Houston ~ USA: Technology Director ~ x Encon Group of Companies; Visiting Consultant 0G (Oman); and Froolance Consultant for O8M Excellence, Procoss Safety Management, Biofuels, Hydrogen Safety, RED Performance Management. ‘Recent and angoing assignments with LAT, Aramco, Johnson Matthey, HMEL, OCL, NGL, Soler inausines, O@ (Oman), Quest Gtoat etc., azart trom former Sr Vice President in elance Industries Limted,