MAHARASHTRA EDUCATION SOCIETY, PUNE

MES COLLEGE OF NURSING

GHANEKUNT, LOTE
ASSIGNMENT ON
NURSING EDUCATION
TOPIC - WORKSHOP

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Ms. Divya KM MS. Monali salunke
Head of Dept In OBG 1 year Msc Nursing
M.E.S COLLEGE OF NURSING M.E.S COLLEGE OF NURSING
GHANEKUNT, LOTE. GHANEKUNT, LOTE

DATE OF SUBMISSION

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 WORKSHOP
Introduction

TECHNIQUES FOR HIGHER TEACHING

Most of the teaching methods or strategies and techniques have been developed
for secondary level to achieve the lower objectives of learning. At college and
university level, teaching, lecture method is most commonly used which does not
encourage the higher learning. Our teaching confines to memory level from
primary level to university level.
The purpose of higher learning is to develop the abilities of criticism,
appreciation, to respect the ideas and feelings of others, to present own ideas and
seek clarification. The learner should be able to present his own views on a theme.
The potentialities can only be developed by employing higher techniques of
teaching and instruction at college and university level. The following are the
main techniques which are used for higher learning:
1. Conference technique.
2. Seminar technique.
3. Symposium technique.
4. Workshop technique, and
5. Panel discussion.
WORKSHOP
The workshop is the name given a novel (refreshing, new) experiment in
education. Close group type of discussion will be held in the form of workshop.
It consists of series of meetings, usually four or more, with emphasis of individual
work within the group with the help of consultants and resource personnel. The
educational process has two aspects- theoretical and practical. Learning takes
place in a friendly, happy, and democratic under expert guidance. The workshops
are organized to develop the psychomotor aspects of the learner regarding the
practices of new innovations in the area of education.
Definitions
According to L Ramachandran: The workshop is a meeting of people to work
together in a small group upon problems which are of concern to them and
relevant to them in their own sphere of activity and to find suitable solutions.
According to Lorretta: Workshop refers to a group of individuals who work
together toward the solution of problems in each subject matter field during a
specific period of time.
According to Basavanthappa: Workshop is defined as assembled group of 10
to 25 persons who share a common interest or problem. They meet to improve
their individual skills of a subject through intensive study, research, and
discussion.

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According to Neeraja: A systematic approach to deal in detail about educational
problems by means of a short meeting.
Objectives
The workshops are organized to realize the following objectives:
a. Cognitive objectives:
The workshop is organized to:
➢ Solve the problems of teaching profession.
➢ Provide the philosophical and sociological background for instructional
and teaching situation.
➢ Develop an understanding regarding the use of a theme and problem.
➢ Identify the educational objectives in the present context.

b. Psychomotor objectives (skill development):

➢ To develop the proficiency for planning and organizing teaching and
instructional activities.
➢ To develop skills to perform a task independently.
➢ To determine the use of teaching strategies effectively.
➢ To train the person for using different approaches of teaching.
c. Affective objectives (Attitude Development):
➢ To develop professional relationship between participants and resource
person.
➢ To permit the extensive study of a situation its background and its social
and philosophical implication.
➢ To take necessary steps to solve the problem of education.
Purposes of Workshop
• To put teachers in situations that will break down the barriers between them
to facilitate communication.
• To give opportunity for personal growth through accepting and working
towards a goal held in common with others.
• To give teachers an opportunity to work on the problems those are direct,
current, concern to them.
• Teachers will learn new methods and techniques which they can use in
their own classrooms.
• To place teachers in a position of responsibility for their own learning.
• To put the teacher in a situation where they will evaluate their own efforts.
• To give the teachers an opportunity to improve their own morale.
Principles of Workshop

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 • Workshop should focus on the current issues in the profession to be
discussed.
• Workshop should be conducted with full cooperation within organizers.
• Giving the participants an active role will make teaching more effective.
• Every individual has worth and has a contribution to make to the common
goal.
Scope of Workshop Technique
The workshop technique is used mainly in the following areas of education:
• Action research project for classroom problems.
• New format instructional of lesson plan.
• Preparing instructional material or teaching model.
• Workshop on preparing research synopsis and proposals.
• Workshop for non-formal education.
• Workshop for designing programme for teacher education at any level.
Planning for a Workshop
Selection of a Theme
Select the theme on workshop must be organized:
• The theme must be based on pre-existing problem for which we should
identify the solution.
• Theme must be useful for the in-service workers for giving awareness and
training of new practices in their working situation and which has a
solution.
• Theme must be directed towards the participants because to motivate their
interest.
After selecting a theme for the workshop, following must be planned.
• Open a file:
Correspondence relating to the planning, running and evaluation of the
workshop will soon reach proportions that call for proper filing. A suitable
system might be a loose-leaf file with the following subdivisions:
 Budget
 Workshop site
 Selection of participants
 Documentation –
 Equipment checklist –
 Publicity, press, etc.
 Evaluation.

• Selection of resource person:

➢ In organizing a workshop resource person plays following important roles:

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➢ They should provide theoretical and practical aspects of the theme.
➢ Resource person must have much more practical and theoretical exposure
in their work field.
➢ Resource person should be able to provide guidance to participants at every
stage of and train them to perform the task effectively.
➢ Resource person should be able to supervise and control the trainees.

• Selection of the participants:

Criteria for selecting the participants:
➢ Type of Participants: Homogeneity: Participants should be homogeneous
(same group).
➢ Select the participants and who will benefit by the theme of workshop &
objectives.
➢ Number of participants: It can be found from experience that as many as
35 participants (seven groups of five) can be handled by one organizer.
➢ Select the participants 60 days before the workshop.
➢ Forty-five days before confirming the participants, who are going to
participate who are going to participate in the workshop.
➢ Voluntary participation and willingness to innovate. Select the participants
those who attend the workshop voluntarily. Each participant should already
have demonstrated his desire for change by having adopted new methods
of his own.

• Selection of the dates for the workshop:

➢ Date of workshop should not coincide with public or religious holidays,
sports events.
➢ At least one working day will preside the opening of the workshop.
➢ It should be planned prior to prevent inconvenience in conducting
workshop.
• Selection of the place for workshop:
➢ Select the place where the participants can stay and attend total activities
of workshop on a full-time basis.
➢ The place should be far away from where the participants live to enable
them to participate in activities without interruption.
➢ The place should be pleasurable one (Quiet, adequate seating, well
ventilated, good lighting, etc.)
➢ Booking a meeting room and hotel accommodation.
➢ Book the room for conduction workshop and accommodation 6 months
priorly to the day.

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➢ Take it in writing and insist on writing confirmation detailing the
conditions you have specified, particularly as regards to the meeting room.
• Selection of language:
➢ In workshop national language must be the working language. It must be
known by all participants.

• Selection of committees:
➢ For organizing a workshop, various committees committee must be
formulated such as:
• Organizing Committee
➢ Should plan for programme
➢ They should schedule the programme
➢ They must select the days, dates, venue of workshop
➢ They should plan for budgeting
• Assistant Organizers Committee
➢ Selection must be done 4 months before the day
➢ The organizer should select assistant organizers from another school or
faculty
➢ Select each assistant organizer for every 10 participants.
➢ The assistant organizers will have the task of finding answers to questions
put forward by the participants.

• Sponsors Committees
➢ The sponsoring Committee should be found by organizers to share the
expenses of workshop.
➢ Sponsors can extend their helping hand to provide place for workshop,
sound media, food and snacks, printing material, etc.
• Volunteers Committee
➢ Serves the following:
➢ Receiving the guests
➢ Orienting the place to the participants and experts
➢ Seating arrangement
➢ Serving food.
➢ They must formulate committees for registration, transportation, food,
stage, reception, publicity committee, etc.
• Budget for workshop:
Organizers should plan the budget, according to their plan of conducting
workshop.

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 Following the simple formula is suggested to estimate the expenditure:
➢ E= (T + S) N x 1.25
➢ E - Estimate
➢ T - Cost of return travel
➢ S - Living expenses (accommodation, food)
➢ N - Number of participants
• Invitation of the participants:
The main points to be covered in the invitation are:
➢ Aim of the workshop
➢ Theme of the workshop
➢ Working method of the workshop
➢ Get a deadline for application
• Preparing workshop pamphlet/booklet:
Print pamphlets/booklets-chart specifying the:
➢ Aim of the workshop
➢ Registration fees for the workshop
➢ Activities of programme in workshop
➢ Facilities arranged for the workshop
➢ These all help the participants to prepare physically and mentally before
coming to the workshop.
Content which the experts are going to present must be given at the time of
documentation. This helps them to have reference copies of the content for
their future.
Immediate Preparation for Workshop (i.e., 2-3 days before)
• Review of the list of participants and resource persons:
➢ After getting the application, we should prepare the finalizing the number
of participants, a list of participants should be prepared.
➢ Resource persons also must be properly reminded.
• Arrangement of room:
➢ Two days before the workshop it should be arranged.
➢ The meeting room should be arranged to allow participants to sit at tables
in small groups of three to five.
➢ Allow the use of overhead projector it would be preferable to allow two
documents to be compared together.
➢ Make sure that everyone has a good view of the projection screen and
discussion leader.
➢ Room must be quiet, and that arrangement is preferable to separate groups
in different rooms.
➢ Make sure that the room is away from the source of noise.
➢ Room must be adequately darkened to project the overhead projector.
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➢ Make sure that electric power point that works and have an electrical
extension flex and a spare projector lamp available.
➢ In addition, have a stock of transparent cellulose sheets and marker,
crayons available that may be used to illustrate any remarks that may be in
plenary (An intensive examination testing a student's proficiency in some
special field of knowledge) sessions.
• Arrangement of staff and equipment:
Staff and equipment needed for documentation must be arranged one
month before the day.
 Staffs: Such as a typist for typing the documents resulting from group
work.
 Equipment: One month before itself should be arranged with all the needed
equipment and prior to the workshop it should be checked that the things
by using checklists.
 Equipment Checklist:
➢ Notepads (One for each participant)
➢ Pencils and sharpener (One for each participant)
➢ Rubber (One for each Table)
➢ Two hold punch (1)
➢ Adhesive tape (2 rolls)
➢ Stapler (1)
➢ Wastepaper basket (One for each table)
➢ Drawing pins (2 packets)
➢ File
➢ overhead projector (2)
➢ Sharp projectors (2)
➢ Electric extension flex (6 meter)
➢ Electric adapter plugs (2)
➢ Transparent cellulose sheets (50)
➢ Crayon markers
• Blackboard for flip charts
➢ Dictionary.
• Arranging for press relations:
Depending on the local situation, it may be worth deciding to inform the
press.
• Coordinating the assistant organizers:
All the assistant organizers should arrive at the site of the workshop
without fail, at least two whole days before the workshop and should have
been told how important this coordination period is.

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 • Timetable of work:
It is not recommended to arrange more than five hours of structured
sessions a day.
There should be provision of tea break and lunch break at appropriate time
interval, and it should be planned throughout the workshop.
Last day do not forget to have a group photo snaps taken during the break.
In organizing workshop, the following four roles are performed.
• Organizers of the workshop:
Whole programme and schedule are prepared by the organizer. He must
arrange boarding, lodging facilities for participants as well as the experts.
The date, days, and venue of the workshop are decided by him. The
workshops are also organized by institutions such as NCERT, DGHS
workshop sponsored on nursing development.
• Convener or chairman in first stage:
At first stage of workshop theoretical aspects are discussed by the experts
on the theme of the workshop. Therefore, a convener (the member of a
group whose duty it is to bring together) is nominated or invited who is
well acquainted with the theme of the workshop to observe the work of the
participants along with the expert and must carry out the formalities and
keynote of the workshop.
• Experts or resource person:
➢ In organizing a workshop resource person plays following important roles:
➢ They should provide theoretical and practical aspects of the theme.
➢ Resource person must have much more practical and theoretical exposure
in their work field.
➢ Resource person should be able to provide guidance to participants at every
stage and train them to perform the task effectively.
➢ Resource person should be able to supervise and control the trainees.
• Role of participant or trainees:
The participant should be interested or keen in theme of the workshop. At
the first stage they have acquired understanding of the theme and at second
stage must practice and perform the task with great interest and seek proper
guidance from the experts. They should carry the concept to their
classroom to evaluate its workability in actual situation. They may suggest
some modification in using the concept in classroom. The effectiveness of
any workshop technique depends upon the involvement of the participants
in the task.
Stages in Conducting Workshop

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Generally, workshops are organized for 3 to 10 days duration. The period of
workshop may be 40 days. It depends on the nature of task assigned to the
workshop. It is organized in four stages:
1. First Stage
• Registration: Participants will pay their fees and they will register their
names in registration counter. After that they will be given an identity card
and workshop content handwork.
• Inauguration: It is starting function of the workshop. In these all-committee
members, participants, resource persons will be gathered along with the
chief guest. Chief guest will start the function with lighting the lamp and
gives his guest speech regarding the theme. After to him organizer delivers
his speech.

• Preliminary introductory session: Organizer will give a brief introduction

about the workshop, which they are going to conduct. He will give an
orientation towards the theme of the workshop and objectives.
• Pretest: Pretest will be given to the participants, which will be based on the
theme of the workshop, i.e., background knowledge about the theme of the
workshop. And it will be evaluated.
• Break: Tea break and lunch break in between the sessions.
• Presentation of the theme of providing awareness: The resource person or
experts are invited to provide the awareness and understanding of the topic.
This stage is like a seminar.
The paper reading is also done to discuss the different aspects of the theme.
The trainees or participants are given the opportunity to seek clarification. The
experts provide the suitable illustration steps for using it in practice such as
classroom teaching in education.
2. Second Stage
• Formation of the groups: In the second stage, the total group is divided into
small groups.
• Assignment sessions and practical exercise: Groups will be given
assignment related to the theme. Practical exercise also will be given.
• Guidance and supervision: A resource person are assigned to provide
guidance to the work to perform. Along with guidance the expert also
supervises each participants work. Every participant must work
individually and independently and must complete the task within a given
time limit.
• Clarifying session: The participant while doing his work if finds any
difficulty or doubt can be clarified with the help of an expert.

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 • Group discussion: If group members have completed their assignment at
the end, they meet and discuss their task within their group.
• Preview of the next day: At the end of each day all group members will
join and discuss the programmes of the next day.
3. Third Stage
There are four phases:
• Presentation: At this phase, all groups meet at one place and present their
report of work done at the second stage.
• Evaluation: Post-test: It will be given to the participants based on the
content which was given by the experts during the presentation phase. That
will be evaluated.
• Open suggestions: The participants are given the opportunity to comment
and give suggestions for further improvement.
• Expert suggestions: The experts also provide suggestion on different
aspects of the reports.
• Validation: It is the end phase of the workshop. In this organizer will
conclude the workshop after providing certificates to the experts and
participants and distribute the prizes to those perform well in their group
activities. Chief organizer or assistant organizer will give a vote of thanks
and programme will end with National anthem.
4. Fourth Stage
In fourth stage means after the actual programme, organizers as well as
participants must do their part of work.
Organizers Part
• Letter of thanks: Within 15 days after the programme, it is time to thank
everybody who has helped, the organizers including those who have
provided funds for the workshop, the members of the committee for
sponsors and the assistant organizers. Inform theme in the letter that they
will shortly be sent the report on the workshop.
• Report on the workshop: Report regarding the workshop must be printed
and sent to the assistant organizers and other persons who he…helped to
the successful conduct of the workshop. The report will contain the
following:
An introduction giving a brief description of the focal context which led to the
organization of the workshop.
➢ The general aims of the workshop
➢ A description of the progress of the workshop
➢ Selected samples of the work done in groups
➢ List of documents used during the workshop

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 ➢ The evaluation
➢ List of participants.
Part of Participants: They should get ready for the follow-up programme that
will be conducted as a long-term evaluation process at least one year after the
day.

Follow-up
• The trainer must go back to their institution. They asked to continue their
task and examine the workability and usability in their institution.
• The participants are invited to meet again and present their experience
regarding applicability of the topic or new practice.
• During follow-up meeting participants will also be assessed to which level
they reached their objectives by using a questionnaire and individual
interview.

Advantages of Workshop
• Workshop is used to realize the higher cognitive and psychomotor
objectives.
• It is a technique which can be effectively used for developing
understanding and proficiency for the approaches and practices in
education.
• It is used for developing and improving professional efficiency, e.g.,
nursing, medical, dental, etc.
• Teaching proficiencies can be developed by the workshop technique for
nursing in-service teachers. It provides the opportunity and situations to
develop the individual capacities of a teacher.
• It develops the feeling of cooperation and group work.
• It provides the situation to study the vocational problems.
• The new practices and innovation are introduced to in-service teachers.
Limitations of Workshop
• The in-service teacher may not take interest to understand and use the new
practices in their classroom.
• The workshop cannot be organized to large number of groups, so the large
number of persons can be trained.
• The teacher may not take interest in practical work or to do something in
productive form.
• The effectiveness of the workshop technique depends on the follow-up
programme. Generally, follow-up programmes are not organized in
workshop technique.

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