Summative assessment unit 3 Key answers

Task 1. Read the text

HOW DO TEENAGERS SEE THEIR FUTURE WORKING LIVES?
In a fast-changing world, what are young people’s hopes and expectations for their careers? The answer,
according to a study that spans the generations, seems to be less busy but more satisfying working lives
than their parents’.
Thousands of American students have been questioned about their attitudes for the Monitoring the Future
survey every 15 years since the 1970s. The most recent results suggest that work is of less importance to
the young people of today than the youth of the past, because they value leisure time more. The number of
young people who said it was “very important” to have a job with more than two weeks’ paid holiday in
the 2000s was double the number who said so in the 1970s. Three quarters of people born in the 1950s and
1960s said they expected work to be a central part of their lives, but only 63% of people born three decades
later said the same. There was a higher percentage, however, of people who wanted to have a creative job
in the 2000s – 41%, as opposed to 36% of the 1970s participants.
A separate survey has revealed teenagers’ faith in IT to help them to perform work-related tasks. In 2011
around 300 British and American 16 to 18-year-olds were questioned about what technology they expect
their future employers to provide them with. About 70% agreed that a smartphone would make it easier to
do their work – and a quarter said they expected one to come with their job. About 40% saw themselves
getting a laptop from their future employers. Perhaps more surprisingly, nearly half expected to use social
media for communicating with their colleagues, and nearly 10% expected to use it to deal with their bosses.
So what exactly would these creative, techno-savvy teenagers like to do for a living? A recent survey of
American teenagers found that the arts and medicine were the most popular career paths, with 17% of
teenagers expressing an interest in each. The next most popular choice was engineering. The least popular
career choices included science (9%) and business (8%). Despite all careers being open to both sexes in the
US, differences remain between boys’ and girls’ aspirations. A quarter of girls were interested in working
in healthcare in some way, compared with only 9% of boys, while only 4% of girls wanted to be engineers,
compared with 25% of boys.
Answer the questions

1.What does ‘more satisfying working lives’ in the fourth line of the first paragraph refer to?
A jobs that offer high wages
B jobs that offer the feeling that you are achieving something
C jobs that allow you to retire at an early age
D jobs that offer more chances of promotion
2.The Monitoring the Future survey
A takes place at regular intervals.
B takes place in a number of different countries.
C has taken place only once since the 1970s.
D analyses the opinions of young workers.
3.According to the Monitoring the Future survey, compared with past generations, young people
today
A feel more strongly that the job you do defines who you are.
B attach greater importance to the amount of free time they have.
C care less about having a creative job.
D have less school holidays.
4.According to a 2011 survey, the majority of British and American teenagers
A expect to receive free laptops when they start working.
B expect that they will use social media to keep in contact with their workmates.
C expect that qualifications in IT will be necessary to find work.
D believe that possessing a smartphone would increase their work productivity.
5.What does the writer infer about the current state of the American job market?
A Women no longer face discrimination if they wish to follow certain careers.
B Only men are still considered suitable for certain jobs.
C Men face discrimination if they wish to work in health care.
 D There are more jobs available to men than women.

Task 2 Choose the correct item.

1.He knows he’s an excellent employee, ….. he’s reluctant to ask for a pay rise.
A whatever C yet
B in spite D despite
2.In which case is ‘run’ an intransitive verb?
A John runs a successful business.
B The machine was running all night.
C I could never run a marathon.
D Could you run the data checks again?
3.She’s a bad manager because she looks down ….. her employees.
A from C in
B at D on
4.We were surprised ….. that he quit his job at the factory.
A to learn C with learning
B learning D at learning

5.Which modifying noun structure can you identify in the phrase: ‘a secure job with extra benefits’?
A a pre-modifying measurement
B a post-modifying relative clause
C a post-modifying prepositional phrase
D one or more nouns together

6.Finish the sentence with a prepositional phrase: The shop is going to open ….. .
A its doors. C all weekend.
B immediately. D on time.

7.I’m confused ….. you broke the laptop.

A when C how
B who D what
8. Congratulations! Your excellent presentation won ….. the board of directors.
A over C through
B out D into

9 Ellen signed a ….. contract with the company.

A three year C three-year
B three-years D three years’

10 ….. much you know, you can always learn more.

A No matter what C Nevertheless
B Yet D No matter how