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Smartkeeda presents
Full-Length Current Affairs MockDrill Series

April 2024
Daily CA PDF - 5
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INDEX
National & States Affairs …..…………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Banking, Finance, Insurance & Economic Affairs …….………………………………………………. 5
Sports & Games …….……..………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Science & Technology ………………………………………………………………………………………….... 8
Appointments & Resignations ……………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Awards, Rewards, Recognition & Prizes ………………….……………………………….……………. 9
Meetings, Conference and Summits …………………..……………………………….…………………. 11
Ranks, Reports & Surveys ……………………………………………………………............................. 11
Ordinance, Bills & Acts …….…………….………………………………………………………………….… 12

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National & States Affairs
1. India has decided to join at least one of the 4 Cooperative Work Programmes launched
under the ‘Clean Energy Pillar’ of the US-led ‘Indo Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF)’, the
one on facilitating and promoting carbon market activities. India will join the cooperative
working group on carbon markets through the Ministry of Power and the Bureau of Energy
Efficiency (BEE) will be the nodal body. The IPEF, an initiative led by US President Joe Biden,
was launched in May 2022, bringing together 14 regional partners - Australia, Brunei, Fiji,
India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the US, and
Vietnam. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 India – to join at least one of 4 Cooperative Work Programmes launched under ‘Clean Energy Pillar’ of IPEF
 IPEF – Indo Pacific Economic Framework
 India will join cooperative working group on carbon markets through MoP & BEE will be nodal body
 IPEF – launched in May 2022 by US President Joe Biden to bring together 14 regional partners
 US – Washington, D.C. – US Dollar | 46th President – Joe Biden | 49th VP – Kamala Harris

2. The total number of Geographical Indications (GI)-registered products in India has crossed the 600-mark in 2023-24 with
as many as 63 GI registrations being issued by the Intellectual Property (IP) Office on a single day - March 30, 2024. The IP
office granted 160 GIs tags in FY24, a three-fold jump in registration as compared to FY23. Of the 160 GIs registered in
FY24, the handicrafts category accounts for the highest at 30 followed by agriculture at 16, 11 in textiles and 3 each for
food stuff and manufactured category. Of these, 157 GIs were Indian applications and the remaining three were foreign
applications. Assam registered the highest number of GIs during FY24 at 19, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra
with 16 each. With this, Uttar Pradesh has now overtaken Tamil Nadu as the state with the highest number of GIs
registered at 69, while Tamil Nadu now has 58 GIs. Telangana now has 17 GI tagged products in total. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Total No. of GI registered products in India – crossed 600-mark in 2023-24
 63 GI registrations issued by IP Office on a single day - March 30, 2024
 IP office granted 160 GIs tags (157 Indian + 3 foreign) in FY24 (a 3-fold jump in registration as compared to FY23)
 Of the 160 GIs registered in FY24, the handicrafts category accounts for the highest at 30
 Highest no. of GIs registered during FY24: 1st – Assam (19) | 2nd – UP & Maharashtra (16)
 UP – overtook Tamil Nadu as state with highest number of GIs registered at 69 (TN - 58)

Banking, Finance, Insurance & Economic Affairs


3. The RBI has imposed a penalty of Rs 1 crore on IDFC First Bank for non-compliance with certain directions on ‘Loans and
Advances - Statutory and Other Restrictions’. The Statutory Inspection for Supervisory Evaluation for FY22 revealed that
the bank had sanctioned term loans to a public sector undertaking for financing infrastructure projects without
undertaking due diligence. The RBI also fined LIC Housing Finance Rs 49.7 lakh for breach of norms. The housing finance
company did not comply with certain provisions of the Fair Practices Code when it did not disclose the rate of interest and
approach for gradation of risk and rationale for charging different rate of interest to different categories of borrowers in
loan application forms and sanction letters. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 RBI – imposed a penalty of Rs 1 Cr on IDFC First Bank & of Rs 49.7 lakh on LIC Housing Finance
 IDFC First Bank – for non-compliance with certain directions on ‘Loans & Advances - Statutory & Other Restrictions’
 LIC Housing Finance – for non-compliance with provisions of ‘Fair Practices Code’
 HQs of IDFC First Bank – Mumbai, Maharashtra | CEO – V. Vaidyanathan | Established in – 2018
 HQs of LIC HFL – Mumbai, Maharashtra | CEO – T Adhikari | Established in – 1989

4. Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) has entered into an agreement with a fintech Onion Life Private
Limited to use the latter’s technology platform “KarmaLife” for a pilot to provide micro loans to gig workers. This is
expected to support the gig workers’ financial inclusion to formal institutional credit. KarmaLife will eliminate the hassle of
extensive paperwork or physical documentation. This streamlined process will make it easier for gig workers to manage
the liquidity needs of their enterprise activities. Rohit Rathi is the Co-founder and CEO of Onion Life. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 SIDBI + Onion Life Pvt Ltd = agreement to use Onion Life’s technology platform “KarmaLife” for a pilot to provide
micro loans to gig workers
 Aim: To support the gig workers’ financial inclusion to formal institutional credit, by eliminating extensive paperwork
 HQs of Onion Life Pvt Ltd – Bangalore, Karnataka | CEO – Rohit Rathi | Established in – 2020
 HQs of SIDBI – Lucknow, UP | MD & Chairman – Sivasubramanian Ramann | Established in – 1990

5. The Current Situation Index (CSI) rose by 3.4 points to 98.5, its highest level since mid-2019, according to the RBI’s
“Consumer Confidence Survey (CCS)”. Consumer confidence for the year ahead improved further on the back of higher
optimism in all CCS parameters, such as economic situation, employment, price level, income and spending. Higher
optimism resulted in the Future Expectations Index (FEI) rising further by 2.1 points to 125.2, also its highest level since
mid-2019. The survey was conducted during March 2-11, 2024 in 19 major cities, with responses from 6,083 urban
households. For the fiscal 2025, the RBI has projected inflation to be at 4.5% with Q1 at 4.9%; Q2 at 3.8%; Q3 at 4.6%; and
Q4 at 4.5%. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 “Consumer Confidence Survey (CCS)” – released by RBI
 Current Situation Index (CSI) rose by 3.4 points to 98.5 (its highest level since mid-2019)
 Consumer confidence for the year ahead improved further on the back of higher optimism in all CCS parameters
 Higher optimism resulted in Future Expectations Index (FEI) rising by 2.1 pts to 125.2 (highest level since mid-2019)
 RBI has projected inflation to be at 4.5% for FY25 (Q1 at 4.9%; Q2 at 3.8%; Q3 at 4.6%; Q4 at 4.5%)
 HQs of RBI – Mumbai, Maharashtra | Governor – Shaktikanta Das (25th) | Established on – 1st April, 1935
Total Deputy Governors (4) – S. Janakiraman | T. Rabi Sankar | Michael D. Patra | M. Rajeshwar Rao

6. The Central Government has provided Rs 6212.03 crore to Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the Recapitalization
scheme. Under the scheme, recapitalization support is provided to RRBs to maintain the minimum prescribed capital-to-
risk (Weighted) Assets ratio of 9%. The performance of RRBs has improved significantly, with a consolidated CRAR (Capital
to Risk-weighted Assets Ratio) at an all-time high of 13.83% as of December 31, 2023. Indian RRBs have shown the highest
ever consolidated net profit of Rs 4,974 crores in FY22-23 and a net profit of Rs 5,236 crore up to the 3rd quarter of FY
2023-24. RRBs, established in 1975, are commercial banks owned by the Indian government that operate at the regional
level in different states. There are 43 RRBs sponsored by 12 scheduled commercial banks in India. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 Center provided Rs 6212.03 Cr to Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under Recapitalization scheme
 Support is provided to maintain the minimum prescribed capital-to-risk (Weighted) Assets ratio of 9%
 Performance of RRBs has improved with a consolidated CRAR at an all-time high of 13.83% as of Dec 31, 2023
 Indian RRBs shown highest consolidated net profit of Rs 4,974 Cr in FY23 & Net profit of Rs 5,236 Cr by Q3 of FY24
 RRBs – owned by Indian Govt (established in 1975) | There are 43 RRBs sponsored by 12 SCBs in India

7. On April 4, Union Bank of India (UBI) has raised $500 million (about Rs 4,200 crore) from foreign markets to fund
overseas business growth. The fund was arranged by Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), Dubai Branch. A
syndicated term loan of $500 million ($400 million and Green Shoe of $100 million) would be drawn in two tranches with
tenure of 3 and 5 years. This is the maiden syndicated term loan raised by UBI at an overseas centre. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 UBI – raised $500 million (about Rs 4,200 Cr) from foreign markets to fund overseas business growth
 Fund was arranged by – Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
 $500 million (including Green Shoe of $100 million) would be drawn in 2 tranches with tenure of 3 & 5 years
 HQs of UBI – Mumbai, Maharashtra | CEO – A. Manimekhalai | Tagline – “Good People to Bank With”

Sports & Games


8. Manipur emerged as the overall champion in the 3rd “North East Games
2024” hosted by Nagaland. Manipur became the champion in the three
consecutive years of the 2022, 2023 & 2024. Manipur won a remarkable total
of 130 medals, including 52 Gold, 38 Silver, and 40 Bronze. Host state Nagaland
claimed the 2nd position in the medal tally, securing a total of 134 medals (48
Gold, 42 Silver & 44 Bronze). Assam stood on 3rd position with 140 medals (43
Gold, 44 Silver & 53 Bronze). The ‘Fair Play Trophy’ was awarded to Sikkim for
displaying exemplary sportsmanship and conduct throughout the games.
Meanwhile, Tripura bagged the ‘Spirit of Olympic Trophy’ for embodying the values of sportsmanship, unity and
excellence. The ‘Outstanding Sportswoman Award’ went to Tsuchoi T from Nagaland. She won four gold medals in
athletics in the events of 5000 metres, 10,000 metres, mixed relay race and women’s cross country team. Naga wrestling
champion, Venuzo Dawhuo clinched the ‘Outstanding Sportsman Award’. Dawhuo made history by winning gold medals in
two different sports disciplines, namely shot-put and discus throw. He also secured the gold medal in belt wrestling in the
100+ category. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 3rd “North East Games 2024” – hosted by Nagaland
 Manipur – overall champion for 3rd consecutive year with total 130 medals (52 Gold)
 2nd – Nagaland (134 medals - 48 Gold) | 3rd – Assam (140 medals - 43 Gold)
 ‘Fair Play Trophy’ – Sikkim | ‘Spirit of Olympic Trophy’ – Tripura
 ‘Outstanding Sportswoman Award’ – Tsuchoi T (Nagaland)
 ‘Outstanding Sportsman Award’ – Venuzo Dawhuo (Naga wrestling champion)

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Science & Technology
9. Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), US, has conducted the world’s first successful
transplant of a genetically-edited pig (porcine) kidney into a 62-year-old man living with end-
stage kidney disease (ESKD). The procedure is the latest in a series of experimental
xenotransplantations - transplantation of animal organs into humans - to address chronic and
acute organ shortages. This is the first case of a successful animal organ transplant in a living
and conscious person as previous transplants were done outside the body or in brain-dead
people. Xenotransplantation research is now progressing rapidly due to the development of
gene editing technologies like CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), which have helped
animal organs become compatible with human bodies. Pigs are preferred for xenotransplantation experiments and
procedures because they grow fast and their internal organs reach adult human organ size by the age of 6 months. {Read
more}
Smart Points:
 Massachusetts General Hospital (US) – conducted world’s 1st successful transplant of a genetically-edited pig
(porcine) kidney into a 62-year-old man living with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
 Pigs are preferred for xenotransplantation experiments and procedures because they grow fast and their internal
organs reach adult human organ size by the age of 6 months
 US – Washington, D.C. – US Dollar | 46th President – Joe Biden | 49th VP – Kamala Harris

Appointments & Resignations


10. Wipro has appointed Srinivas Pallia as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Managing Director (MD)
of the company for a period of 5 years. Srinivas succeeds Thierry Delaporte. Srini joined Wipro in 1992
and has held many leadership positions, including President of Wipros consumer business unit and
global head of business application services. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Srinivas Pallia – appointed as CEO & MD of Wipro for 5 years (succeeding - Thierry Delaporte)
 HQs of Wipro – Bangalore, Karnataka | MD & CEO – Srinivas Pallia | Founder Chairman – Azim Premji

11. Diamond Baron, Govind Dholakia, has been appointed as the new Chairman of Surat Diamond Bourse
(SDB), India’s second diamond trading hub that was recently inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Mr Govind replaces Vallabh Lakhani. Mr Govind is the founder Chairman of Shree Ramkrishna Exports (SRK)
and was also recently nominated by the BJP as a Rajya Sabha MP from Gujarat. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Govind Dholakia – appointed as new Chairman of Surat Diamond Bourse (replacing - Vallabh Lakhani)
 He is founder Chairman of Shree Ramkrishna Exports & was also nominated by BJP as a Rajya Sabha MP (Gujarat)

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Awards, Rewards, Recognition & Prizes
12. EARTHDAY.ORG, the world’s largest environmental movement, has announced the
recipients of its prestigious 2024 awards. The International Advertising Association (IAA) India
Chapter will receive the EARTHDAY.ORG’s “2024 Best Organisation Spearheading Sustainable
Development Award”. The award recognises IAA’s commitment to recognising and inspiring
marketing and advertising companies to drive positive environmental action as well as
recognising specific categories such as Corporate Social Crusaders, Green NGO’s and Green Crusaders. Ramesh Narayan
(Founder of Canco Advertising) will be conferred the EARTHDAY.ORG’s 2024 ‘Most Sustainable Marcom Personality
Award’ for his dedication to environmental conservation efforts. EARTHDAY.ORG will hold the award ceremony in July
where IAA will be presented its award. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 EARTHDAY.ORG – announced recipients of its prestigious 2024 awards
 IAA India Chapter – to get “Best Organisation Spearheading Sustainable Development Award”
 Ramesh Narayan (Founder of Canco Advertising) – to be conferred ‘Most Sustainable Marcom Personality Award’
 HQs of IAA – New York, US | Chairman & President – Sasan Saeidi

13. The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) announced that its project
“Mobile-enabled Disaster Resilience through Cell Broadcast Emergency Alerting” has
been qualified for the ‘WSIS Prizes 2024’ in the category of ‘Benefits in All Aspects of
Life - E-environment’, amongst 1000+ global entries. The World Summit on the
Information Society (WSIS) is a series of conferences organised by United Nations
(UN) and co-hosted by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Swiss
confederation. This system is an indigenously developed end-to-end state-of-the-art
solution for instant delivery of critical life-saving emergency information on mobile phones through cellular telecom
networks in a broadcast mode. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 “Mobile-enabled Disaster Resilience through Cell Broadcast Emergency Alerting” project of C-DOT – is qualified for
the ‘WSIS Prizes 2024’ in the category of ‘Benefits in All Aspects of Life - E-environment’
 WSIS, a series of conferences organised by = UN + ITU + Swiss Confederation
 HQs of UN – New York, US | Secretary-General – Antonio Guterres | Established in – October 24, 1945
 HQs of ITU – Geneva, Switzerland | Secretary General – Houlin Zhao

14. India’s Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador, Ruchira Kamboj, recently participated in the Inter-
governmental Negotiations (IGN) on Security Council Reform. India has presented a detailed model on behalf of the G4
nations for the UN Security Council (UNSC) reform. The reform includes new permanent members be elected
democratically by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) and displays flexibility on the veto issue. Currently, only the 5
permanent members - China, France, Russia, the U.K. and the U.S. - hold veto powers. The remaining 10 nations in the
UNSC are elected to sit as Non-permanent members for 2-year terms and do not have veto powers. The ‘G4 model’
includes Brazil, Germany, Japan and India. The G4 model proposes that the UNSC’s membership increase from the current
15 to 25-26, by adding 6 permanent and 4 or 5 non-permanent members. Among the 6 new permanent members, 2 each
are proposed to be from African states and Asia Pacific states, 1 from Latin American and Caribbean states; and 1 from
Western European and Other states. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 Ruchira Kamboj – participated in the ‘Inter-governmental Negotiations (IGN) on Security Council Reform’
 India – presented a detailed model on behalf of the G4 nations for the UNSC reform
 Reform includes new permanent members be elected democratically by UNGA & displays flexibility on Veto issue
 Out of 15 members in UNSC, only 5 permanent members hold veto powers
 ‘G4’ includes – Brazil, Germany, Japan & India
 G4 model proposes that the UNSC’s membership increase to 25-26 (from 15)
 HQs of UNSC – New York, US | Presidency in April – Russia (March - Mozambique | May - Switzerland)
 The UNSC has 10 Non-permanent members & 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, US)

15. SJVN Limited has won two prestigious awards at the 15th “CIDC Vishwakarma
Awards 2024”, instituted by the Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC), for
its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) contribution. SJVN has been conferred in the
two categories - ‘Achievement Award for Creating Social Development & Impact’ and
‘CIDC Partners in Progress Trophy’. Till date, the company has spent more than Rs 450
crore on a spectrum of CSR activities. All the CSR initiatives of SJVN are undertaken
through the registered trust, SJVN Foundation. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 15th “CIDC Vishwakarma Awards 2024” – instituted by Construction Industry Development Council (CIDC)
 SJVN Ltd – won two awards for its CSR contribution, in categories:
- ‘Achievement Award for Creating Social Development & Impact’
- ‘CIDC Partners in Progress Trophy’
 HQs of SJVN Ltd – Shimla, Himachal Pradesh | CMD – Nand Lal Sharma

16. Dr. Uma Rele, the esteemed Principal of Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai, has
been conferred with the prestigious “Maharashtra Gaurav Award 2024”. The honour was
bestowed upon her in recognition of her invaluable contributions to the realm of Indian classical
dance, particularly Bharata Natyam. In 2001, she achieved another milestone by completing her
doctoral research on ‘Nayikas, heroines of Indian Classical Dance’, showcasing her profound
understanding and expertise in the field. She has nurtured countless students in India and abroad,
conducting workshops and adjudicating dance exams in various countries including Doha,
Mauritius, and the United States. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Dr. Uma Rele (Principal of Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai) – given “Maharashtra Gaurav Award 2024”
 In recognition of her invaluable contributions to realm of Indian classical dance, particularly ‘Bharata Natyam’
 She completed her doctoral research on ‘Nayikas, heroines of Indian Classical Dance’ in 2001

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Meetings, Conferences and Summits
17. The heads of all tri-service military institutions gathered in New Delhi for the first-ever tri-service planning conference,
called the “Parivartan Chintan”. The conference will take place on April 9, 2024, on the backdrop of the three services
combining to set up Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs), containing elements of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. It will be
chaired by the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), General Anil Chauhan. Traditionally, Tri-services Commanders’ Conferences
(TSCC) are held every year at one of the services’ command headquarters. The commanders review the geopolitical
situation and deliberate on enhancing operational preparedness and synergy. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 Heads of all tri-service military institutions – gathered for the first-ever tri-service planning conference, “Parivartan
Chintan” in New Delhi
 It will be chaired by – General Anil Chauhan (CDS)

Ranks, Reports & Surveys


18. 2.2 billion people or 26% of the world’s population doesn’t have access to safe drinking water, and 3.5 billion people or
46% lack access to basic sanitation, according to the “U.N. World Water Development Report 2023” released by the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The report highlights the huge gap that needs
to be filled to meet U.N. goals to ensure all people have access to clean water and sanitation by 2030. The estimated cost
of meeting the goals is somewhere between $600 billion and $1 trillion a year. According to the report, water use has
been increasing globally by roughly 1% per year over the last 40 years. For water pollution, the biggest source of pollution
is untreated wastewater. Globally, 80% of wastewater is released to the environment without any treatment. The report
also says that water-related disasters have been the cause of 70% of all deaths related to natural disasters over the past 50
years. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 “U.N. World Water Development Report 2023” – released by UNESCO
 2.2 bn people (26%) doesn’t have access to safe drinking water & 3.5 bn people (46%) lack access to basic sanitation
 UN’s Goal: To ensure all people have access to clean water & sanitation by 2030
 Estimated cost of meeting goals is – between $600 billion & $1 trillion a year
 Water use has been increasing globally by roughly 1% per year over last 40 years
 ‘Water-related disasters’ – the cause of 70% of all deaths related to natural disasters over past 50 years
 HQs of UNESCO – Paris, France | DG – Audrey Azoulay | Founded in – 1945 | Members – 193 Countries

19. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) released its “Business Environment Rankings (BER) 2024” which was topped by
Singapore for the 16th consecutive year. Denmark and the US ranked second & third respectively. Germany and
Switzerland came fourth and fifth in the list, while Canada, Sweden, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Finland completed the
top 10 in the world. India ranked 51 in the list with a score of 1.08. According to another report by EIU, India came 3rd on
the list of most improved countries in providing the best environment to businesses, as a result of its youthful
demographic. Greece improved the most due to policy reforms. The EIU’s BER assesses the attractiveness of business
environment across 82 countries and territories, and is measured based on various factors such as inflation, cost of living,
economic growth, and fiscal policies. India is the only single-country market that offers a potential scale comparable to
that of China. {Read more}

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Smart Points:
 “Business Environment Rankings (BER) 2024” – released by Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
 1st – Singapore (for 16th consecutive year) | 2nd – Denmark | 3rd – US | 4th – Germany | 5th – Switzerland
 India – 51st (score 1.08)
 As per other report by EIU, India came 3rd for most improved countries in providing best environment to businesses
 Greece – improved most due to policy reforms
 India – only single-country market offering a potential scale comparable to that of China
 HQs of EIU – London, UK | MD – Robin Bew

Ordinance, Bills & Acts


20. Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Department For Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) has notified the
“Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024” to amend the “Patents Rules, 2003”. The amended rules aim to introduce substantial
changes to align with international standards, promote innovations among innovators, and protect their rights. The
amendments target key areas of concern in the Indian Patent practice and procedures and are poised to stimulate an
increase in patent filing and processing within the nation. The time frame for applying extension for filing response to First
Examination Report (FER) has been extended beyond the deadline of 6 months, to 9 months now. As per the latest
amendment in Rule 80(3), a 10% reduction in the official fee for renewal of a patent can be availed if the official fee for at
least 4 years is paid in advance via an electronic mode. {Read more}
Smart Points:
 MoCI – notified “Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024” to amend “Patents Rules, 2003”
 Aim: To introduce substantial changes to align with international standards, promote innovations among innovators
& protect their rights
 The amendments are poised to stimulate an increase in patent filing & processing within nation
 Time frame for applying extension for filing response to FER – extended to 9 months now (from 6 months)
 As per amendment in Rule 80(3), a 10% reduction in official fee for renewal of a patent can be availed if official fee
for at least 4 years is paid in advance via an electronic mode
 Minister of Commerce & Industry: Piyush Goyal | Constituency – Maharashtra
MoS in Ministry of Commerce & Industry: Anupriya Singh Patel & Som Parkash

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A GLIMPSE OF SOME GENUINE TESTIMONIALS

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A GLIMPSE OF SOME GENUINE TESTIMONIALS

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ippines – Manila – Peso | President – Ferdinand Marcos Jr

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