SUMMER INTERNSHIP TRAINING

INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

VALLIAMMAI.SM
Register No: 920222631056

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

MASTHER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

In

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

PULIYUR C.F., KARUR DISTRICT- 639114

SEPTEMBER 2023
 Department of Management studies

INTERNSHIP TRAINING REPORT

SEPTEMBER 2023

This is to certify that the internship training

undergone at

“CHETTINAD CEMENT CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED,

KEEZHAPALUR”

is the bonafide work done by

VALLIAMMAI.SM
Register No: 920222631056

of Master of Business Administration during the year 2023-2024.

Guide Head of the Department

Submitted for the Viva-Voce examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

I VALLIAMMAI.SM affirm that the Internship Training report undergone at CHETTINAD

CEMENT CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED, KEEZHAPALUR being submitted in
partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration is the original work
carried out by me. It has not formed the part of any other report submitted for award of any
degree or diploma, either in this or any other University.

Signature of the Candidate

VALLIAMMAI.SM

I certify that the declaration made above by the candidate is true

DATE: Signature of the Guide,

PLACE:
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

It is my great feeling of happiness to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to our principal
Dr.A.PUNITHA, for having offering this type of program as a part of this curriculum.

I am very grateful and highly indebted to my guide and Head of Department of Management
Studies, Chettinad College of Engineering and Technology, for his valuable guidance to rendered
during the course of my training Dr.S. Dharmalingam.

I am happy to extend my sincere thanks to HR Manager of CHETTINAD CEMENT

CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED, KEEZHAPALUR, for providing this opportunity to
work under them. I have to pay my special tribute to them for their enlightened guidance
provided to me during the training program. It is my duty to express my sincere thanks to all the
employees for their excellent co- operation extended to me throughout the training program.

I wish to thank my parents and guide for their valuable support during my training.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CHAPTERS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Profile of the Industry 2

1.2 Evolution Pharmaceutical Industry in India 3

1.3 Pharmaceutical Market – an overview 4

1.4 Profile of the Company 5

2 FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS 7

2.1 departmentation 7

2.2 purchase Department 7

2.3 sales Department 8

2.4 Finance Department 10

2.5 Marketing department 10

2.6 Human resource Department 14

2.7 Quality control Department 20

2.8 Production Department 24

2.9 Packaging Department 25

2.10 Research, Formulation & Development Department 30

2.11 Warehouse 32

3 SWOT Analysis 32

4 Product Profile 37

5 Conclusion 39
 ABSTRACT

The CHETTINAD CEMENT CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED is an organization which I

had done my institutional training is very useful for my carrer. And I had now known about the
operational process to exporting procedures from this organization.

Internship training is an integral part of MBA program, because it gives us the practical
knowledge of what we have learnt during our study period. But practical knowledge is also
necessary along with the theoretical knowledge. One can see how the theories and knowledge are
being practically implemented. This report is about a pharmaceutical company. This report
carried the information about all departments in the organization and necessary information’s of
the company.

Training is the process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is an application of

knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their behaviour.
Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities which improved job
performance, but also those which bring development of their personalities to help individual’s
progress towards the actualization of their potential capabilities. Education is the understanding
and interpretation of knowledge. Education imparts qualities of mind and character and
understanding of basic principles and develops the capacities of analysis, synthesis and
objectives.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Cement industry is the one of the largest industries of the world, It plays a significant
role in the construction and infrastructure development of a country. It provide essential building
material, cement, which is used to create concrete, the foundation of most of construction projects.

Cement industry importance lies in infrastructure development, employment, economic

growth, housing and real estate. Cement is a crucial component in building roads, bridges, airports,
and other vital infrastructures. It supports economic growth and connectivity. The cement industry
generates employment opportunities, both directly and indirectly, in mining, manufacturing,
transportation, and construction sectors. Cement production contributes to national GDP, stimulates
economic activity, and attracts investment in related sectors. It facilitates the growth of the housing
and real estate sectors, providing housing solutions for a growing population. The industry has been
focusing on sustainability and environmental considerations, such as reducing carbon emission, and
implementing eco-friendly practices. Overall the Cement industry plays a pivotal role in a country’s
development and it is closely tied to its economic progress and infrastructure expansion.

The main goal of Cement Industry is to produce and supply high quality cement and
related products efficiently and sustainably to meet the construction and infrastructure needs of
society. This overarching goal encompasses several key objectives such as product quality,
sustainability, safety, efficiency, innovation, market responsiveness, compliance, corporate social
responsibility. It ensures the production of cements that meets industry standards and specifications to
guarantee the durability and safety of constructed buildings and infrastructures. It also ensures the
safety of workers and the community by adhering to stringent safety standards. It maximizes
operational efficiency to reduce production cost and enhance competitiveness in the market. This
industry is innovative and continuously researching and developing new cement technologies to meet
evolving construction needs. It ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and standards
related to environmental, health and safety aspects of cement production.

1
1.1 PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRY:

Cement industry is the one of the largest industries of the world occupies predominant
as one of the basic industries for development and its employment generation capacity. Cement
ranks next to steel in construction material and so is the basis of all modern construction.

Cement industry of India is the second largest producer of cement in world in financial
year 2016-17; the total cement production capacity is about 285 million metric tons. No wonder,
India's cement industry is a vital part of its economy, providing employment to more than a million
people, directly or indirectly ever since it was deregulated in 1982, the Indian cement industry has
attracted huge investments, both from Indian as well as foreign investors. Some of the recent major
initiatives such as development of 98 smart cities are expected to provide a major boost to the
sector.
The cement industry is one of the key industries in India. Cement industry is a rapidly growing
sector heavily taxed by the government. The Indian cement industry is one of the largest user of
power, is the third largest consumer of coal in the country. As Limestone is found in abundance all
over the country, the cement industry has a huge potential to grow.

The Indian Cement Industry comprises 148 large cement plants with around 46
member companies. The major players are- Grasim Industries Ltd, ACC Ltd, Udaipur Cement
Works Ltd, Ambuja Cements Ltd, Century Textiles & Inds. Ltd, India Cements Ltd, Shree Cement
Ltd, Madras Cements Ltd, Birla Corporation Ltd, Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. The industry is
growing manifold due to increased industrial activity, real estate business, growing construction
activity, and expansion in the infrastructure sector. India is the second largest cement producer in
the world after China and has got a huge cement industry. With the government of India giving
boost to various infrastructure projects, housing facilities and road networks, the cement industry in
India is currently growing at an enviable pace. Cement industry plays a vital role in the economic
development of the country. This overall growth in cement industry has a significant impact on the
overall level of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The production of each tone of cement
leads to emissions of roughly 1.25 tons of carbon dioxide.

2
 1.2 EVOLUTION OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

India is a significant player in the global cement industry. In addition, the country
holds a large number of graduates that can propel the sector forward to even greater heights. Cement
Industry is one of the most important industries with respect to national growth and development.
Cement is a mixture of silicates and aluminates of calcium, formed out of calcium oxide, silica,
aluminum oxide and iron oxide. The demand for cement is correlated with the momentum of
activities in the financial, real estate and infrastructure sectors of the nation. Due to cost control
measures and technology up gradation, the Indian cement industry is globally competitive. The
Indian Cement Industry is one of the largest users of power in the country. It is also the third largest
consumer of coal in the country. Since limestone is found in abundance all over the country, it has
huge opportunities for growth and development. The Indian cement industry is the second largest
producer of quality cement. They are produced strictly as per the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS)
specifications and their quality is comparable with the best in the world
Indian cement industry is comprised of 148 large cement plants with around 46
members companies. At present, the quality of cement and building materials produced in India
meets international standards and benchmarks and can compete international markets. Growth in
domestic cement demand is expected to remain Strong. given the revival in the housing markets,
continued government spending on the rural sector, and the gradual increase in the number of
infrastructure projects being executed by the private sector.
The history of cement Industry in India started in 1889. A Kolkata -based company
started manufacturing cement from argillaceous. Later the industry started getting the organized
shape in the early 1900s. Indian Cement Company Ltd was established in 1914 in porbandar with a
capacity of 10000 tons and production of 1000tons installed. The first initial thrust to the cement
industry in India was during the World War 1 and then the industry started growing at a fast rate in
terms of production. Manufacturing unit, and installed capacity. This particular stage in the history
was referred to as the nascent stage of Indian cement industry. In 1927 Concrete Association of India
was established to create public awareness on the utility of cement as well as its benefits.

3
 1.3 CEMENT MARKET – AN OVERVIEW:
The cement industry is a crucial component of the global construction sector. The
overview of cement market consists of several factors such as market size and growth, regional
variations, environmental concerns, technological advancement, other market players, regulations,
infrastructure projects, trade and exports, future trends and challenges. The cement industry is
substantial with a global market size in the billions of tons of cement produced annually. Growth
varies by region, driven by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and infrastructure
development. Emerging economies, like China and India, have seen significant growth in cement
production and consumption due to rapid urbanization. Environmental sustainability is a growing
concern in cement industry. Cement production is energy intensive and emits significant carbon-di-
oxide (CO2). Many companies are investing in greener technologies and more sustainable practices
to reduce the environmental impact. Advances in cement production technologies, such as the use of
alternative materials like fly ash and slag, have improved efficiency and reduced environmental
impact. The industry is highly competitive, with both multinational corporations and local players.
Some of the major cement companies include Lafargeholcim, cemex, and Heidelberg cement. Large
scale infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and buildings, drive demand for cement.
Economic condition and government investments play a significant role in shaping cement industry.
Cement is a globally traded commodity, with many countries importing and exporting to meet their
demand. Trade policies and logistics networks are essential factors in the industry global reach. The
industry is expected to continue its focus on sustainability, with increasing use of alternatives fuels,
carbon capture technologies and circular economy principles. Digitalization and automation in
production process are also likely to become more prominent. The cement industry also faces
challenges related to fluctuating raw material prices, volatile energy cost, and economic uncertainties.
Additionally, shifting consumer preferences and market demand can impact individual companies
performance. Thus the cement industry is a vital part of construction sector, with a complex
landscape influenced by economic, environmental, and regulatory factors. Sustainable practices and
innovations will likely shape its future trajectory.

4
 1.4 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY:

The history of the group "House of Chettinad" is linked with the 9 decades old saga.
In 1912 took birth the house of Chettinad through a visionary idealist and born entrepreneur Dr.
Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar who believed in social transformation through business. The
company, which has always been striving for total quality. possesses International certificate ISO
9002 ISO 14001 and takes pride in being acclaimed as one of the major company played in a
highly competitive cement industry in India. The Company added another feather to its cap by
installing and commissioning against sophisticated high-tech and power efficient O & K cement in
resulting in a production to touch one million tone mark.

Name of the company Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd.

Year of establishment 1962

Head Quarters Chennai

Dr. M.A.M. Ramaswamy

Key People Sri M.A.M.R. Muthiah
Sri M.A. Annamalai

Age of the company 61years

Class of the company Privately held company

Chettinad cement corporation was incorporated basically to cater to growing demand of

Cement industry. The founder of the House of Chettinad envisioned, his companies providing the
stimulus for Industrial growth and conceived business as a means of improving the living standards
of the people. The corporate credo of the House of Chettinad - "STRIVE, SERVE and SERVE" is the
very thought of the founder of the company. Chettinad Cement Corporation Limited is an India-based
company engaged in the business of manufacturing cement.

5
 Following the footsteps of his father Dr. Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar, Dr. Rajah Sir
M.A. Muthiah Chettiar continued to contribute to the nation building cause and combined his
business acumen to establish the Company "Chettinad Cement Corporation Limited" in 1962 to
cater to growing demand of Cement in the Country. The Company's first manufacturing unit
located at Puliyur, Karur District, in Tamil Nadu commenced production in April 1968. Today the
group is being steered under the versatile, dynamic and pragmatic Leadership of Dr. M.A.M.
Ramaswamy and his son Sri M.A.M.R. Muthiah based on the footsteps of Dr. Rajah Sir M.A.
Muthiah Chettiar. Apart from cement, the Chettinad House is today engaged in activities as diverse
as granite, engineering, silica, garnet, information technology, education, health care, plantations,
shipping, transportation, stevedoring, clearing and forwarding and logistics.
The company had made a modest beginning with Cement Plant of 2 lakhs Tonnes Per
Annum at Puliyur Village, Karur District, Tamilnadu. With further modernisation, and installation of
additional Cement Grinding Unit of 0.5 MTPA in 2009-10, the capacity at Puliyur Plant as of date is
1.10 MTPA. The Company had then installed a Cement Plant with a capacity of o.9MTPA during
2001 at Karikkali Village, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu and installed an additional Cement Grinding
Unit to increase its capacity to 1.4MTPA during 2008.During 2008-2009 & 2009-2010, company has
installed two Green Field Cement Plants at Kilapaluvur Village, Ariyalur District, Tamilnadu at a
capacity of 2 MTPA each. The Company has commissioned its Greenfield Cement manufacturing
Unit with a capacity of 2.5 MTPA at Chincholi Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka, during the
financial year 2011-12. With this, the total cement manufacturing capacity of the company is
11.00Million Tonnes Per Annum at its four units at Puliyur, Karikkali and Ariyalur in Tamil Nadu
and Chincholi Taluk, Gulbarga District in Karnataka.
The Company, which has always been striving for Total Quality, possesses International
Certification ISO 9001: 2000, ISO14001:2004 and ISO18001:2000 and takes pride in being
acclaimed as one of the major player in a highly competitive Cement Industry in India. Chettinad
Cement has attached great importance to corporate social responsibility and environmental values.
This is manifest in the installation of the latest pollution control equipment at all its plants and social
welfare work conducted in the villages and towns around all its plants. The Company has achieved
many laurels through awards for "BEST PERFORMANCE" in the Cement Industry.

6
 CHAPTER 2
FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

2.1 DEPARTMENTATION:
Department is an element of the organizing process. It is a means of dividing the
large and complex organization into smaller and flexible administrative units. It involves horizontal
differentiation of activities in an enterprise. A department is a distinct area. unit or subsystem or
organization over which a manager has authority for performance of specified activities. It is also
known as division, branch, regiment, battalion etc.

NEED OF DEPARTMENTATION
The basic need for departmentation arises because of specialization of work and the
limitation on the number of subordinates that can be directly controlled by a supervisor.
Departmentation also simplifies the managerial task of the company and therefore ensures free
mobility in the working process. It also enables each person in a company to know his or her part to
be played in the total organization. Appraisal of managerial performance becomes feasible when
specified tasks are delegated to the particular departmental personnel.

Departments:

 Human Resource Department

 Finance & Account Department

 Sales & Marketing Department

 Production Department

 Civil Department

 Mechanical Department

 Quality Control Department

7
  Safety Department

 Purchase Department

 Environment Department

 Electrical and Instrumental

 Mines department

 Power Plant Department

2.2 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:

Purchasing or procuring is the formal process of buying the raw materials.
The process of purchase usually starts with a demand or requirements from the production
department.

Based on requirement of production department a request for proposal or

quotation raised to Suppliers and send their quotations in response to the request for quotation
and a review is undertaken before the purchase is being made. Purchase department is also
concerned with the function like evaluating suppliers, negotiate contracts and review product
quality.

The main duty of the purchasing department is to supply every other

department with the material needed to perform the tasks required. The purchasing department has
a lot of documentation to maintain and file as a part of its job requirements. Those documents
include paperwork from other departments asking for material or products needed to operate.

Most purchasing departments utilize what is called a purchase order when

ordering products and services. This order is used by the accounting department so the company
that supplied the material can get paid. Most companies utilize the purchasing department to advice
them on an expansion or planned projects. The department is a valuable tool when this process
begins. It can advise cost of materials along with supplying a projected cost to complete the
projects.

8
 The following are some of the functions of purchase department;
 To buy at the right time, right price and right terms
 Ensuring the continuity of supply
 Selection and evaluation of suppliers/vendors
 Aware of long-term and shortterm effects
 Preserving and enhancing reputation of company
 Aware of all supply options
 Maintain stock level
 Obtaining and analyzing quotations of vendors/suppliers
 Deciding best buying terms and conditions
 Negotiating and checking contracts
 Scheduling orders and following up
 Disposing of surpluses
 Other activities like assisting with preparation of material expenditure/purchasing
budget.

2.3 SALES DEPARTMENT:

The sales department in the company is responsible for selling products for the
company. A sales department is the direct link between a company’s product and its customers. The
sales department is responsible for the selling of the company’s products to the clients and receiving
the value for the products. The activities of the sales department and the purchase department must be
coordinated for smooth running of the business concerned.

The sales department is responsible for persuading the consumer to purchase the end
product, manufactured through marketing's research. The Sales Department's selling strategy could
involve mail shots, travelling sales representatives, telephone sales and devising the sales interview.
The organization of the sales department will depend, of course, upon the size of the company and

9
the nature of the Business. The sales team records to whom the organization has sold its products,
when and for what price they were sold. This data will come from the sales order.

The following are some of the functions of the sales department:

 Attract and retain customers

 Coordinate sales activities
 Increasing the sales volume
 Help the marketing department in meeting the sales volume forecasted by them
 Motivate the sales person
 Provide appropriate training to the sales person
 Analyze the demands of markets
 Study customer's psychology
 Be aware of market fluctuations
 Prepare sales budgets
 Explore new market, attract and retain customers etc.

2.4 FINANCE DEPARTMENT:

Finance department is the pivot of the organization as it is responsible for

obtaining and handling any monies on behalf of organization. The department controls the income
and expenditure in addition to ensuring effective business running with minimum disruptions. It is
the duty of the finance department to advice companies on the best financing mix that could yield the
company the best profit. Finance Department is the part of an organization that is responsible for
acquiring funds for the firm, managing funds within the organization and planning for the
expenditure of funds on various assets.
It is the part of an organization that ensures efficient financial management and
financial control necessary to support all business activities. The contributions of finance department
to any company and how these contributions positively affect organizational performance will greatly
depend on factors such as the extent to which the owner/ manager is involved in his company.

10
following are some of the important functions of the finance and accounts department:

 Monitor the expenditure on projects.

 Monitor the non-funds based objectives.
 Manage the long-tern obligation.
 Advance tax computation deduction of tax at source and filling return with the income
tax authorities.
 Meeting the working capital facilities with the banker.
 Submission of balance sheet date of preparation of annual budget.
 Preparation of budget, appropriation of accounts, re-appropriations, surrender and
savings.

2.4.1 BOOK KEEPING:

This is the most basic function of the finance department. It involves the
day-to-day recording, analysis and interpretation of a company’s financial transactions. This will
include the tracking of all expenses (purchases, payments etc.) and sales of finished products. In
some startup companies, this role is often carried out by a bookkeeper who might be replaced by
more specialized payables and receivables clerks as the company grows or expands its
operations.

2.4.2 MANAGEMENT OF COMPANY’S CASHFLOW:

It is the duty of the finance department to manage all cash flows into and
out of a company and ensure that there are enough funds available to meet the day-to-day
running of the company. This area also encompasses the credit and collections policies for the
company’s customers, to ensure that vendors and creditors are paid correctly and on time; and
that the company is also paid correctly and as when due.
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2.4.3 BUDGETS AND FORECASTING:

In this function, the finance department works with managers to prepare

the company’s budgets and forecasts and also give feedback with regards to the financial
standing of the company. This information can be used to fulfil the cash needs of each
department, Plan Company staffing levels, plan asset purchase and expansions at minimum cost
before they become necessary. The finance department can also use past records from respective
departments to make better budget and forecast over long-term and short-term time horizons.

2.4.4 ADVICING AND SOURCING OF LONG TERM FINANCE:

It is the duty of the finance department to advise companies on the best

financing mix that could yield the company the best profit and also help them source longer-term
financing at the lowest cost such that there is a profit level of liquidity. Some of the many varied
paths a company can source funds to finance their business as discussed in one of our articles
“10 Most Common Ways to Finance Your Business” include bank credit or private lender debt
or, share issues to private investors (where applicable).

2.4.5 MANAGEMENT OF TAXES:

Running a company involves paying tax, and it is the duty of the finance
department to handle tax issues. This includes creating good corporate relationships with
government by remitting PAYE (Pay As You Earn) to the relevant authority, and ensuring that
implementation of tax matters are done within the framed policies.

2.4.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPANY’S INVESTMENTS:

Apart from analyzing and selecting new investments, it is also the duty of
the finance department to manage company’s existing assets. The finance department should be

12
 concerned with current assets apart from fixed assets. The company’s working capital needs to
be managed efficiently in such a way as to maximize profitability relative to the amount of funds
tied up since it has more implication on the firm liquidity than its fixed asset.

2.4.7 FINANCIAL REPORTING ANALYSIS:

Financial reporting and analysis is the function that takes raw accounting
entries and transforms them into meaningful, usable and comparable financial statements. The
finance department contributes to organizational growth by measuring and reporting on regular
bases, key numbers that are vital to the success of the company. This will likely include a
summary of all funding sources, expenditures and reserves available for future use (excluding
those already committed and budgeted for current period) some non-financial information. And
are usually communicated to managers in a logical and understandable format.

2.4.8 ASSIST MANAGERS IN MAKING KEY STRATGIC DECISIONS:

The finance department provides company management with information

necessary to make strategic decisions such as which markets or projects to pursue, the payback
periods for large capital purchases, decision on what should be given out as dividend out of the
company’s earnings and what to plough back into the business, the best financing mix that could
yield the company the nest profit, decision on how to allocate funds to investment etc., thus,
making sure that money is being used in the best way.

2.5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT:

The marketing department must act as a guide and lead the company's other
departments in developing, producing, fulfilling, and servicing products or services for their
customers. Communication is vital. The marketing department typically has a better understanding of
the market and customer needs, but should not act independently of product development or customer
service.
13
 Marketing should be involved, and there should be a meeting of the minds, whenever
discussions are held regarding new product development or any customer- related function of the
company. It is very important that the marketing department get input from many people within the

company. Not only does providing input help the rest of the company understand and support the
marketing efforts, it also provides some invaluable insights into what customers want and new ideas
that may have slipped past the rest of the company.

The marketing department studies the market and the customers, determines the best
way to reach those customers, and works with the rest of the company to help determine the new
product needs of the market and represent the company in a consistent voice.

The following are some of the functions of the marketing department:

 Development of marketing goals and strategy

 Conducting marketing research and monitoring customer needs

 Promotion and advertisement

 Managing customer relations

 Concentrating on customers

 Researching customer's habits

 Identifying customer's needs

 Analyzing customer's reactions to advertisement

 Collaborating with market place

 Researching new markets

 Managing budgets

 Tracking competitor's activity

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2.6 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT:

A Human Resource Management Department is responsible for an interdisciplinary

examination of all staff members in the workplace. This strategy calls for applications from diverse
fields such as psychology, paralegal studies, industrial engineering, sociology, and a critical
understanding of theories pertaining to post- modernism and industrial structuralism.

The department bears the onus of converting the available task-force or hired
individuals into strategic business partners. This is achieved via dedicated Change Management and
focused Employee Administration. The HR functions with the sole goal of motivating and
encouraging the employees to prove their mettle and add value to the company.

This is achieved via various management processes like workforce planning and
recruitment, induction and orientation of hired task-force and employee training, administration and
appraisals. The Human Resource Department deals with management of people within the
organization. There are a number of responsibilities that come with this title.

The human resource department in this company plays an important role in the
organization, as HR is dealing with employees. The basic functions of this department like, maintain
relation with personnel as a representative of management, to follow act and rules as per factories
act, Labour law etc. recruitment of manpower, succession planning, training, primary and advanced
skill training, promoting diversity, improvement of compensation package, maintain a statutory
record of the employee like attendance, leave, PF, ESI, etc.
 Administrative function: decision on promotion, salary increment, placement, transfer,
discharge etc

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  Organizational function: human resource planning and enhancing productivity.
 Motivational function: performance appraisal, participation in goal setting and work
planning, incentives/rewards/stock option, self appraisal and learning.
 Development function: counseling, training and development, communication.

 HRM policy & man power planning: HRM policy firmly believes in induction, orientation,
training and performance appraisal , individual rating, upgradation of knowledge and skill
development for achieving technological change, cost reduction, with reciprocate profit
motive and shared challenge aims of the organization.

2.7 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT:

Quality control is one of the key departments in a cement industry. quality control is
essential in cement manufacturing to ensure that the final product meets the necessary standards.
Chettinad cements understand the importance of quality control and have implemented rigorous
quality control measures to ensure that our cement is of the highest quality.

We are committed to providing our customers with high-quality cement that meets their
construction needs. Our dedication to quality has made us one of the leading cement manufacturers in
the industry.

The quality will checked in two different stages:

To produce high-quality cement, the mineralogical and chemical composition of raw

16
materials as well as intermediate and finished products has to be determined. At each stage of the
production, samples have to be taken, processed and analysed to ensure quality control without gaps.

The stages of quality control are,

 Raw material
 Grinding and mixing
 Kiln operation
 Quality control
 Packaging and delivery

Raw Materials

The first step in cement manufacturing is mining the raw materials required for the
production of cement. The quality of the raw materials used has a direct impact on the quality of the
final product. Therefore, it is essential to select high-quality raw materials.

The selection process must be thorough, and the raw materials must undergo extensive
testing to ensure that they meet the required standards. The raw materials must also be stored
properly to prevent contamination and ensure that their quality is maintained.

Grinding and Mixing

Once the raw materials have been selected, they are ground and mixed in the correct proportions to
form a raw meal. The raw meal is then heated in a kiln to produce clinker.

The grinding and mixing process is crucial in cement manufacturing, as it determines the
quality of the final product. It is essential to ensure that the raw meal is ground and mixed correctly to
achieve the desired chemical composition.

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Kiln Operation

The kiln is the heart of the cement manufacturing process. It is where the raw meal is heated
to produce clinker. The clinker produced must meet the necessary chemical composition and physical
properties to ensure that it is of high quality.

The kiln operation must be carefully monitored, and the temperature and other parameters
must be controlled to ensure that the clinker produced meets the required standards. Any deviation
from the set parameters can result in poor quality clinker.

Quality Control

Quality control is essential at every stage of the cement manufacturing process. It involves
monitoring and testing the raw materials, the grinding and mixing process, and the kiln operation to
ensure that the final product meets the required specifications.

At chettinad Cement, we have a dedicated quality control team that conducts extensive
testing and analysis of the raw materials, the intermediate products, and the final product. Our quality
control team ensures that our cement meets the necessary standards and is of the highest quality.

Packaging and Delivery

Once the cement has been manufactured and tested, it is packaged and delivered to our
customers. The packaging process must be done correctly to ensure that the cement is not
contaminated and is of the required quality.

The delivery process must also be carefully monitored to ensure that the cement is
delivered to our customers on time and in the required quantities. Our delivery team is dedicated to
ensuring that our customers receive our cement promptly and efficiently.

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The basic requirements of quality control are as follows:

(a) Adequate facilities, trained personnel and approved procedures must be available for
sampling, inspecting and testing starting materials, packaging materials, intermediate, bulk, and
finished products, and where appropriate monitoring environmental conditions for GMP
purposes should be done.

(b) Samples of starting materials, packaging materials, intermediate products, bulk

products and finished products are taken by personnel according to the methods approved by
Quality Control.

(c) The test method should be validated.

(d) Records are made, manually and/or by recording data on-line. This should
demonstrate that all the required sampling, inspecting and testing procedures were actually
carried out. Any deviations from the recommended norms should be recorded and investigated.

(e) The finished products contain active ingredients (a.i.) complying with the qualitative
and quantitative composition, their storage must be done properly. It must be labelled.

(f) Inspection and the date of testing of materials, intermediate, bulk, and finished
products should be formally assessed. The products deviations from specified procedures must
be checked.

(g) No batch of product is released for sale or supply prior to certification by a qualified
person, which is in accordance with the requirements of the marketing authorization.

(h) Sufficient reference samples of starting materials and products are retained to permit
future examination of the product, if necessary. The product is retained in its final pack unless
exceptionally large packs are produced.

Once the raw materials enter the factory premises and before going to the stores the
quality of the material will be checked by the quality control department. If they are as per the
guidelines then the QC department approves the raw materials. The finishes product analysis will
be done after the product is manufactured.

The Quality Control department holds the major responsibility as it ensures the quality

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 and the guidelines that as to be followed while manufacturing the products.

2.7.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE:

Quality Assurance is a wide ranging concept which covers all matters individually or
collectively that influence the quality of a product. It is the sum or total of the organized
arrangements made with the object of ensuring the products are of the quality required for their
intended use. A reliable determination of the carbon and sulphur content in cement is essential part
of the quality control process. If the sulphur content is too high, the cement could be destroyed as a
result of chemical reaction of sulphuric acid.

Quality assurance is a method for the regular monitoring and evaluation of the various
aspects of a project to ensure that standards of quality are being met. The standards are outlined in
ISO 9001:2008, “Quality Management Systems-Requirements.” The standard is based on a number
of quality management principles including a strong customer focus, the motivation and implication
of top management, the process approach and continual improvement Quality assurance should not
be confused with quality control.

The latter are those tests and inspections designated to confirm that materials and
installations meet project specifications, as well as those internal policies and procedures of the
concrete producer, steel producer, contractor, and installer established to provide work that is
acceptable. Quality assurance seeks to verify that such quality control measures (for example, testing
and inspection) are being done and done properly. Quality control measures specified in the contract
documents are often delegated to the contractor (although his/her own quality control should always
be in place), whereas the owner generally retains responsibility for quality assurance on a project.

Quality planning:

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2.8 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT AND ITS CYCLE:

The production department is regarded as the heart of the organization as it is responsible

for the creation of the finished products to the company. The department consists of group of
functions within a business that is responsible for the manufacturing of the goods. In other words
the department is responsible for the conversion of raw materials into finished goods.

The production department take data from quality department, and are responsible for

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running and operating the whole plant, through a distributed control system in a central control room.
Production make significant contribution to society’s wellbeing. The standard of living of people
depends upon production of goods and services. More the production, higher the standard of living of
people.
Materials required:
 Limestone
 Bauxite
 Hematite
 Coal
 Gypsum

Production process involves crushing, grinding and mixing of limestone with additives
like bauxite and iron ore into a powder known as "raw meal". The raw meal is in the form of a dry
powder, is heated and burnt in a pre-heater, kiln and the cooled in an air cooling system to form a
semi-finished product, known as a clinker. Clinker (95%) is cooled by air & subsequently ground
with gypsum (5%) to form ordinary Portland cement ("OPC"). others forms of cement require
increased blending with other raw materials. Blending of clinker with other materials helps impart
key characteristics to cement, which eventually govern its end use.

Cement manufacturing process:

Cement is the basic ingredient of construction and the most widely used construction
material. It is a very critical ingredient, because only cement has the ability of enhancing viscosity of
concrete which in returns provides the better locking of sand and gravels together in a concrete mix.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASES

Production of cement completes after passing of raw materials from the following six phases. These
are;

 Raw material extraction/ Quarry

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  Grinding, Proportioning and Blending
 Pre-heater Phase
 Kiln Phase
 Cooling and Final Grinding
 Packing & Shipping

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE 1: RAW MATERIAL EXTRACTION

Cement uses raw materials that cover calcium, silicon, iron and aluminum. Such raw
materials are limestone, clay and sand. Limestone is for calcium. It is combined with much smaller
proportions of sand and clay. Sand & clay fulfill the need of silicon, iron and aluminum.

Generally cement plants are fixed where the quarry of limestone is near bye. This saves
the extra fuel cost and makes cement somehow economical. Raw materials are extracted from the
quarry and by means of conveyor belt material is transported to the cement plant.

There are also various other raw materials used for cement manufacturing. For example
shale, fly ash, mill scale and bauxite. These raw materials are directly brought from other sources
because of small requirements.
Before transportation of raw materials to the cement plant, large size rocks are crushed
into smaller size rocks with the help of crusher at quarry. Crusher reduces the size of large rocks to
the size of gravels.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE II: PROPORTIONING, BLENDING &

GRINDING

The raw materials from quarry are now routed in plant laboratory where, they are
analyzed and proper proportioning of limestone and clay are making possible before the beginning of
grinding. Generally, limestone is 80% and remaining 20% is the clay. Now cement plant grind the
raw mix with the help of heavy wheel type rollers and rotating table.

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 Rotating table rotates continuously under the roller and brought the raw mix in contact
with the roller. Roller crushes the material to a fine powder and finishes the job. Raw mix is stored in
a pre-homogenization pile after grinding raw mix to fine powder.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE III: PRE-HEATING RAW MATERIAL

After final grinding, the material is ready to face the pre-heating chamber. Pre-heater
chamber consists of series of vertical cyclone from where the raw material passes before facing the
kiln. Pre-heating chamber utilizes the emitting hot gases from kiln. Pre-heating of the material saves
the energy and make plant environmental friendly.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE IV: KILN PHASE

Kiln is a huge rotating furnace also called as the heart of cement making process. Here,
raw material is heated up to 1450 ⁰C. This temperature begins a chemical reaction so called
decarbonation. In this reaction material (like limestone) releases the carbon dioxide. High
temperature of kiln makes slurry of the material.The series of chemical reactions between calcium
and silicon dioxide compounds form the primary constituents of cement i.e., calcium silicate. Kiln is
heating up from the exit side by the use of natural gas and coal. When material reaches the lower part
of the kiln, it forms the shape of clinker.

CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE V: COOLING AND FINAL GRINDING

After passing out from the kiln, clinkers are cooled by mean of forced air. Clinker
released the absorb heat and cool down to lower temperature. Released heat by clinker is reused by
recirculating it back to the kiln. This too saves energy. Final process of 5th phase is the final grinding.
There is a horizontal filled with steel balls. Clinker reach in this rotating drum after cooling. Here,
steel balls tumble and crush the clinker into a very fine powder. This fine powder is considered as
cement. During grinding gypsum is also added to the mix in small percentage that controls the setting
of cement.

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CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS PHASE VI: PACKING AND SHIPPING

Material is directly conveyed to the silos (silos are the large storage tanks of cement) from
the grinding mills. Further, it is packed to about 20-40 kg bags. Only a small percent of cement is
packed in the bags only for those customers whom need is very small. The remaining cement is
shipped in bulk quantities by mean of trucks, rails or ships.

Cement manufacturing process:

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CIVIL DEPARTMENT

They are the ones who take charge of any new line/project/equipment that needs to be
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installed in the plant. Generally consists of expert engineers.

Functions:
 Support marketing department on technical issues
 Handle customer complaints
 Arrange seminars, workshop etc to educate the civil engineering fraternities
 Help site engineers with mix design etc
 Guide engineer less project about good construction practices
 Give feedback to operation department regarding genuine issues with cement

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

They are responsible to conduct regular inspection of the plant equipment to conduct
regular inspection of the plant equipment, design methods and planning for spares and execution of
jobs to improve/repair certain parts, as well as fix the parts during a breakdown or shutdown. It
consists of methods and execution department.

INSPECTION/METHODS:
Routine checks of a certain part of cement plant (Roller/Ball Mills, Kiln, Bag house,
Crusher, etc.) .During shutdown/breakdown, to find anomalies or causes for the breakdown

EXECUTION:
It involves carrying out the tasks, from a work order issued in SAP or other ERP soft
ware's, following directly by observations made by the inspectors. A gang of technicians and
unskilled worker whom have to instruct what to do and how to fix the problem. Routine fixing/
replacing of worn out parts of plant areas.

SAFETY DEPARTMENT

They are the eyes of the factory, they make sure all work is carried out in a safe manner,
and they follow some norms, advisories and guidelines to protect the workers and employees
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ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT

Their major task is to ensure regular monitoring of plant emissions, making sure they are in
accord with the compliance of the govt regulatory bodies as well as suggesting measures to reduce
environmental damage.

MINES DEPARTMENT

Responsible for taking large mine-able land lease, as well as mining the proper grade and quality of
limestone (in few cases coal, bauxite, gypsum etc) as recommended by the plant's requirements.

POWERPLANT DEPARTMENT
Functions:
 Control power-generating equipment
 Read charts, meters, and gauges to monitor voltage and electricity flows
 Start or stop generators, turbines, and other equipment as necessary
 Adjust controls to regulate the flow of power

2.9 PACKAGING DEPARTMENT:

Packaging literally refers to the process of design, evaluation and production of
packages. Pharmaceutical packaging may defined as the economical means of providing presentation,
safety, identification and stability of the product.

Cement packaging is an important factor for any cement producing company as well as
for the seller of the cement. It should be packed in such a bags or sacks, which prevent the cement
from getting exposed to the moisture. For packing of cement, the bags or sacks are made up of
plastics and paper. These sacks are produced by using many layers of plastic and after that the paper
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sack is coated by using the plastic film layers to prevent the moisture so that quality of the cement
can be maintained. Also, the plastic bags which are woven are used for cement packaging purpose.

cement is packaged in a range of paper and poly bag styles. These styles include:
 Multi-wall paper valve bags (PVSE)
 Multi-wall paper sewn open mouth bags (SOM)
 Woven Polypropylene block bottom valve bags
 Polyethylene block bottom valve bags
 Form, Fill, and Seal Film bags
 FIBC bulk bags
For purposes of this post, we will review multi-wall paper valve bags and FIBC bulk bag cement
packaging.

Multi-Wall Paper Valve Bags for Cement

Cement bags make up a significant portion of all multi-wall paper bags produced in the
world each year. The most common bag style for packing cement is a Pasted Valve Stepped End bag
(“PVSE” or “valve bag”).

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Dry cementitious products commonly packed in valve bags include:
 Concrete Mix
 Portland Cement
 Masonry Cement
 Mortar Mix
 Stucco
 Adhesives
Valve bags are packed on equipment that deposits material into the bag via horizontal
filling spout. Valve packing equipment can range from manual, hand-spouted equipment to modern
fully-automated equipment. Valve bags are filled through an opening located in the top corner of the
bag. Product is pumped or forced into the bag via air pressure, impeller, or auger. When the bag is
discharged from the packing equipment, forces generated by the product inside the bag allow the
valve opening to self-seal. Cement is most commonly packed using impeller and air packing
equipment.
In general, cement is aerated before it enters the bag. In order to pack properly, oftentimes the paper
plies of the bag are perforated to dissipate air entrained in the product. Most cement bags include a
polyethylene film barrier for moisture protection. The film ply is typically buried in between the
paper plies.
The valve bag construction results in a squared-up bag, which palletizes very securely and
can be printed with product information on the side or end panels for easier product identification in
pallet loads.

REPORTING OF GOODS PRODUCED:

After the production of required goods they are being reported to the sales
department for the shipment of the goods to the concerned clients.

2.10 RESEARCH, FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT:

The research and development department in the cement industry play an important role in
advancing technology, improving product quality, and addressing sustainable challenges. Some of the
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key aspects of R&D department includes product innovation, process optimization, environmental
sustainability, quality control, market research, safety and health, collaboration, data analytics,
alternative binders, life cycle assessment.

Product innovation:
R&D department teams work on developing new type of cement with enhanced properties,
such as strength, durability, and sustainability. This involves experimenting with various raw material
and manufacturing process.

Process optimization:
They focus on optimizing the cement manufacturing process to reduce energy consumption,
emission, and production costs. This includes use of alternate fuels and raw materials.

Environmental sustainability:
R&D department efforts are directed towards reducing the environmental impact of cement
production. this may involve developing carbon capture and utilization technologies and exploring
ways to use waste material as substitute for traditional cement components.

Market research:
They monitor market trends and customer demands to align products development with market needs.
This include study of construction trends and regulatory changes.

Alternative binders:
Exploring alternative binders to traditional Portland cements, like geopolymers, calcium sulfo-
aluminate cements, is another area of research aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of cement.

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2.11 WAREHOUSE (STORES):

Warehouse includes the storage of raw materials, packing materials,

ancillary materials, intermediate materials, engineering materials and finished goods. The basic
functions are as follows:

 Maintain good storage practice

 Receipt and verification of the material

 Segregation of the material at various stages like Quarantine, under test,

approves and reject.

 Maintain the recommended storage condition.

 Reconciliation of the material and stock maintenance.

 Dispensing of the material.

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 CHAPTER 3

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS:

Efficient and experienced general officers:

This industry works on so many different levels that it is very hard for
inexperienced personnel to maintain any sub sector of it. So, in order to keep things running
smoothly the industry hires highly trained personnel as its executive officers. This in turn maintains
the high standard that the industry has set for itself.

Skilled staffs:
Any and all staff of the cement industry is highly skilled. They are employed
only after they have spent a good amount of time on rigorous training. These staff are the backbone
of this industry. So having a skilled set of staff surely helps with the industry’s face value.

Wide-spread base of buyers:

This industry has a large base of customers. This also ensures that this industry
will have enough buyers for their products.

Resource and Labor availability:

This industry needs a high amount of manpower and other resources. It also
provide employment opportunities to the skilled human resource in the country as cement industry
involve huge manpower to better operate in every departments like finance, production, sales and
marketing, logistics etc

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High demand:

Cement is a fundamental building material and there is a consistent demand for it in

construction and infrastructure projects. As every business needs a place to operate and every human
need a place as a shelter, so cement industry is highly in demand.

Barriers to entry:
The industry requires high capital for setting up production facilities and which act
as a barrier to new entrants.

WEAKNESS:

Environmental impact:
This industry is resource-intensive and produce a substantial amount of carbon-di-
oxide, contributing to environmental concern.

Lengthy decision-making process:

This industry is quite vast and widespread. So, when taking a new and/or
revolutionary decision, it may take a while before it is properly executed. This slows down the whole
process. The main cause is the lengthy decision-making process of the industry. As the companies
have their own board of directors and chairman they can hardly agree on anything in a short period.

Low staff morale:

The staff in this industry doesn’t have much motivation. This is the reason for low
rates of production. Because many psychological articles suggest that if the morale is low or non-
existent the performance of humans takes a heavy blow. So low staff morale is an issue.

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Price sensitivity:
Cement price can be influenced by factors like raw material cost and demand, which
affect the profitability of the industry.

Regulatory challenge and technological obsolescence:

Environmental regulations can impose additional costs on cement manufacturer to
reduce emission and waste. Failure to adopt new, more efficient technologies can lead to
inefficiencies in production.

OPPORTUNITIES:

Growing space:

This industry is still in its growing phase, according to the Life Cycle of an Industry.
So expanding infrastructure projects in emerging markets can lead to increased demand for cements.
So, it can still take control over the market, given the right marketing and advertising.

Financial support:

Along with the government, many insurance companies are also favoring this
industry. They have reasonable conditions and rules for them to follow. Also, the interest level is very
low for them.

Substantial practices:

Embracing eco friendly production methods and materials can help cement
companies align with growing sustainability trends. Investing in innovative technologies like carbon
capture and utilization can reduce the environmental footprint of cement production.

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Global market:

Globalization has made the world closer than ever. Exploring international markets
can provide new growth and opportunities. This includes all the customers. The cement industry is
showing a promising future in the global market. If this works out well, the deficiency of proper
resources and low profit margins will be no more.

THREATS:

Environmental regulation:

stricter environmental regulation on emission and sustainability can increase

operational costs and affect profitability.

Economic downturn:

economic recession can lead to reduced construction activities and impacting cement
demand.

Substitute material:

alternative construction materials, such as steel or composite material can pose threat to
traditional cement usage.

global competition:

global competition can impact pricing and market share for cement companies.

New competitors:
Since emergence of small players in this market may increase competition and start
malpractices, and heavy discount to retailers. They can also influence many retailers by giving
better profit margin and other benefits.

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Insufficient power supply:
The cement industry requires a huge amount of power. However, to supply this power
on a large scale is a problem. As a result, many companies of the industry don’t get enough power to
carry out their necessary routines.

Substitute product:
Now a days timber is also being considered as one of the substitute product of cement.
In many countries like Japan, Indonesia, Singapore etc are now using timber in construction since
those areas are high earthquake affected. They now prefer timber which is cheap and long lasting for
years.

The following recommendations will focus on improving the weaknesses or neutralizing the threats
to the cement industry. However, there are some points that could use some extra work:

 The industry needs to adjust its decision-making process so that it takes less time.

 They need to fix their budget so that there is more budget for marketing and research
purpose.

 They need to be more staff-friendly to keep their morale high .

 The board of directors needs to be more engaged.

 They also need up the ante in the marketing department.

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 CHAPTER 4

PRODUCT PROFILE

Varieties of the cement:

There are some varieties in cement that always find good demand in the market. To
known their characteristics and in which area they are most required, it will be better to take a look at
some of the details given below.

Portland blast furnace slag cement (PBFSC):

The rate of hydration heat is found lower in this cement type in comparison to PPC. It is
most useful in massive construction projects, for example-dams.

Sulphate resisting Portland Cement (SRPC):

This cement is beneficial in the areas where concrete has an exposure to seacoast or sea
water or soil or ground water. Under any such instances, the concrete is vulnerable to sulphates attack
in large amounts and can damage to the structure. Hence, by using this cement one can reduce the
impact of damage to the structure. This cement has high these cement one can reduce the impact of
damage to the structure. This cement has high demand in India.

Rapid hardening Portland Cement (RHPC):

The texture of this cement type is quite to that OPC. But, it is bit more fine than OPC and
possesses immense compressible strength, which makes casting work easy.

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC):

Also referred to as grey cement or OPC, it is of much use in ordinary concrete
construction. In the production of this type of cement in India, Iron (fe203), Magnesium (MgO),
Silica (SiO2), and Sulphur, trioxide (SO3) components are used.

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Portland Pozolona Cement (PPC):
As it prevents cracks, it is useful in the casting work of huge volumes of concrete. The
rate of hydration heat is lower in this cement type. Coal waste or waste or burnt clay is used in the
production of this category of cement. It can be availed at low cost in comparison to OPC.

Oil Well Cement (OWC):

Made of iron, coke, limestone and iron scrap, Oil Well Cement is used in constructing or
fixing oil wells. This is applied on both the off-shore and on-shore of the wells.

Clinker Cement (CC):

Produced at the temperature of about 1400 to 14560 degree Celsius, Clinker cement is
needed in the construction work of complexes, houses and bridges. The ingredients for this cement
comprise iron, quartz, clay, limestone and bauxite. A part from these, some of the other types of
cement that are available in India can be classified as:
 Low heat cement,
 High carly strength cement,
 Hydrophobic cement,
 High aluminum cement and
 Masonry cement.

PRODUCT PROFILE OF CHETTINAD CEMENT CORPORATION LTD.

Pavithram: Unique cement manufactured at Puliyur works having high quality for special concrete
applications.
Chettinad Grade 53: Superior finely ground cement, suitable for plastering works, giving a silky
finished look. For RCC applications laser controlled manufacturing would yield best result.
Chettinad Grade 43: Multipurpose cement, suitable for plastering and binding.
Chettinad PPC: A finely blended cement, providing very fine result for plastering work, devoid of
hair line cracks and giving excellent appearance to the building.
Sulphur Resistant Cement: Finds applications in the construction activity in the coastal areas to
save from corrosiveness due to salty environment.

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 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The entire internship training proved to be of immense help in my learning process. I

came across the various practicalities existing in the Chettinad cement corporation Private Limited.
This institutional training has helped me to know how various activities are being done in an
organization it enabled me to put a full stop to my imagination and question arose at the time of
studying all the function aspects. In all the subjects theoretically by having practical vision of all such
things in this organization is doing practical.
Hence I would like to conclude by mentioning that I have got to learn many things
related to vouchers, preparation of balance sheet, payment cycle, fund allocation, supplier
management. This institutional training taught me about the real time scenarios held in the company
& the reactions given to them by different departments.

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