CHAPTER 5:

THE TEACHER’S
RIGHTS,
PRIVILEGES,
OBLIGATIONS, AND
ACCOUNTABILITIES

Leader: Ilagan, Kenji

Members: De Torres, Khayla B.
Atienza, Glycel G.
Maborrang, Marilyn
Lunar, Joan
Icaro, Judylyn
TEACHERS' RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, OBLIGATIONS,
AND ACCOUNTABILITIES

"Knowledge is power. As educators we know that, and we try to teach it. All too
often though, we dont even know the rights we have on the job."- United Federation
of Teachers

Introduction
The enjoyment of rights or privileges and the performance of obigations and
accountabilities are inherent in all protessIons. Teaching as a profession is not an
exemption. Like all professionals, teaches enjoy numerous rights and privileges.

Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter, each learner will be able to:

1.Identify the rights and privileges as well as obligations and accountabilities of

teachers;

2.discuss the various obligations and accountabilities of Filipino teachers in their

professional life;

3.demonstrate appreciation of the accountabilities of teachers by drawing its

implications in the teaching and learning process;

4.cite applicable provisions of the Education Act of 1982, Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers, and other educational laws to resolve the prepared

5.make a poster promoting the rights, obligations, and accountabilities of teachers.

KENJI (1)
Definition of a "Teacher" according to Educational Laws
"Teacher is defined in various ways in the educational laws of the country.

These differing definitions are contained in the following:

1.According to the Code of Ethics for Profęssional Teachers (R.A. No. 7836),
the term teacher" shall include industrial arts or vocational teachers and all other
persons performing supervisory and or administrative functions in all schools at the
aforesaid levels,
whether on a full time or part-time basis.

2.Based on Republic Act No. 4670

- known as Magna Carta for Public School leachers, the term teacher" shall mean all
persons engaged in classroom teaching, in any level of instruction, on full-time basis,
including guidance counselors, school librariane industrial arts or vocational
instructors,

3.The preamble of Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers defines teachers as

duly licensed professionals who possess dignity and reputation with high moral
values as well as technical and professional competence

4.According to Republic Act No. 7836 otherwise known as "An Act to Strengthen the
Regulation and Supervision of the Practice of Teaching in the Philippines and
prescribing a Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers and for other
Purposes", teacher refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and
secondary levels

The Rights and Privileges of Filipino Teachers

Teachers enjoy a number of rights by virtue of their profession and in recognition of
their vital role in the society. Few of these rights and/or privileges are those that are
defined in the Education Act of 1982, Magna Carta for Public School Teachers, and
the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers.

Rights
Rights are actions that individual's discharge to maintain harmonious relationships
between and among themselves. Technically, a right is a both a claim and a duty.
This means thata right bestows certain freedom to individuals, groups or institutions.
On the other hand, it also imposes duties whenever they claim these rights.

Special Rights s and Privileges of Filipino Teachers

The Philippine state recognizes the statuS of teachers as professionals. In this

regard, it enacted Eucation Act of 1982 otherwise known as Batas Pambansa Blg.
232 or "An Act Providing for the Establishment and Maintenance of an Integrated
System of Education". The special rights and/or prvileges of a Filipino Teacher are
enshrined in Section 11 of f the Act which are discussed as follows:

1.The right to be free from compulsory assignments not related to their duties as
defined in thelr appointment or employment contracts, unless compensated thereof,
conformably to existing law.

2.The right to intellectual properly consistent with applicable laws.

3. leachers shall be accorded the opportunity to choose alternative career lines in
school admınistration, in classroom teaching, or others, for purposes of career
advancement.

4.Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when in discharge of lawful duties

and responsibilities and shall, therefore, be accorded due respect and protection.

JUDY(1)
Teachers as "Persons in Authority"

Priscilano Bauzon (2006) asserts that "teachers, in essence, are not persons in
authority since they are not directly vested with jurisdiction or power to govern and
execute the laws. But "by legal fiction" provided by Commonwealth Act 578 duly
amended by Article 512 of the Revised Penal Code, teachers became persons in
authority. As a consequence, teachers, professors, and persons charged with the
supervision of public or duly recognized private schools, colleges, and universities
were raised to the rank of i persons in authority."

Persons in Authority Protection

The act of boxing, hitting, attacking, and slapping teachers by learners and their
parents is not just plain physical injury but a direct assault of a person in authority.
This offense is punishable by imprisonment up to six years of prision correccional.
Before the enactment of Article 512 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines,
these acts were just considered a "light felony" punishable by imprisonment of not
more than thirty (30) days. According to Bauzon (2006), "the intent and spirit behind
the amendment is inherently rooted in the very person of the teacher who is. not just
merely an intellectual referee in the intellectual playfield and in the market of ideas.
The primary purpose is to give teachers, instructors, professors, and school
supervisory officials the protection, dignity, and respect due to them."

Liabilities of "Persons in Authority"

Article 512 2of the Revised Penal Code elevates the status, dignity, and honor of
teacher,as persons in authority. it nonetheless aggravates the crime committed by
them. This statements with the statement. to whom much is given, much is also
expected".

In efect, the teacher is liable for qualified seduction (punishable by prision

correctional in its medium period (6 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months
imprisonment) instead of simple seduction which is just punishable only by arresto
mayor (1 month to 6 months imprisonment).
Seduction is having carnal knowledge of virgin over 12 years and under 18 years of
age whose education or custody has been entrusted to a teacher (Bauzon, 2006).

Seduction is an aggravating act because teachers are the tutors of the spirit and
molders of the young and not merely intellectual referees in the intellectual playfield.
Thus, their being teachers. professors or school officials become an aggravating
circumstance in the crime committedby them (Bauzon, 2006).

Limits of the Power of "Persons in Authority"

An aggravating circumstance is a factor that increases the severity or culpability of a
criminal act (Wex Legal Dictionary). The following are the conditions under which
teachers cannot use their status as persons in authority: (a) when a teacher goes out
of his classroom to talk to a person on matters not related to the school or his duties:
(b) when on these occasions, a person assaults him; and (c) when he is not engaged
in the performance of his official duties as a teacher and when on such occasion, a
person assaults him too (Bauzon, 2006).

Other Rights of Teachers

Aside from the foregoing, public school teachers are guaranteed other rights which
are consistent with the Bill of Rights of the Philippine Constitution and other relevant
laws. The following are the rights of teachers as provided by the Magna Carta for
Public School Teachers:

1. No Discrimination (Article 2 Section 10).

There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in the entrance to the teaching
profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of services, based on other
than professional consideration.

2. Employment of married teachers under the same locality (Article 2 Section

11).
Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall take all steps to enable married
couples, both of whom are public school teachers, to be employed in the same
locality.

3. Enjoyment of academic freedom (Article 2 Section 12).

"Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the discharge of their professional duties,
particularly with regard to teaching and classroom methods.

( KHAYLA 1)
4. Reasonable teaching hours (Article 3 Section 13).
"Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be required to render
more than six (6) hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be so
scheduled as to give him time for the preparation and correction of exercises and
other work incidental to his normal teaching duties: Provided, however, That where
the exigencies of the service so require any teacher may be required to render more
than six (6) hours but not exceeding eight (8) hours of actual classroom teaching a
day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his regular
remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic pay."

5. Additional compensation (Article 3 Section 14).

Notwithstanding any provision of existing law to the contrary, co-curricula and out of
school activities any other activities outside of what is defined normal duties of any
teacher shall be paid an additional compensation of at least twenty- five percent of
his regular remuneration after the teacher has completed at least six (6) hours of
actual classroom teaching a day. In the case of other teachers or school officials not
engaged in actual classroom instruction, any work performed in excess of eight (8)
hours a day shall be agencies utilizing the services of teachers shall pay additional
compensation required under this section. Education authorities shall refuse to allow
the rendition of services of teachers for other government agencies without the
assurance that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration provided for under this
section.

6. Equality in salary scales (Article 3 Section 17).

The salary scales of teachers whose salaries are appropriated by a city, municipal,
municipal district, or provincial government, shall not be less than those provided for
teachers of the National Government.

7. Cost of living allowance (Article 3 Section 18).

Teachers' salaries shall, at the very least, keep pace with the rise in the cost of living
by the payment of a cost-of-living allowance which shall automatically follow changes
in a cost-of-living index.

8. Deductions prohibited (Article 3 Section 21).

No person shall make any deduction whatsoever from the salaries of teachers,
except under specific authority of law authorizing such deductions: Provided,
however, That upon written authority executed by the teacher concerned, (1) lawful
dues and fees owing to the Philippine Public School Teachers Association, and (2)
premiums properly due on insurance policies, shall be considered deductible.

9.Medical Examination and Treatment.

Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of charge for all teachers
before they take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once a year during
the teacher's professional life. Where medical examination shows that medical
treatment and/or hospitalization is necessary, the same shall be provided free by the
government entity paying the salary of the teachers. In regions where there is
scarcity of medical facilities, teachers may obtain elsewhere the necessary medical
care with the right to be reimbursed for their traveling expenses by the government
entity concerned in the first paragraph of this Section.

MARILYN (1)
10. Compensation for Injuries.
Teachers shall be protected against the consequences of employment injuries in
accordance with existing laws. The effects of the physical and nervous strain on the
teacher's health shall be recognized as a compensable occupational disease in
accordance with existing laws.

11. Study Leave.

In addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by teachers in the public schools,
they shall be entitled to study leave not exceeding one school year after seven years
of service. Such leave shall be granted in accordance with a schedule set by the
Department of Education. During the period of such leave, the teachers shall be
entitled to at least sixty percent of their monthly salary: Provided, however, That no
teacher shall be allowed to accumulate more than one year study leave, unless he
needs an additional semester to finish his thesis for a graduate study in education or
allied courses: Provided, further, That no compensation shall be due the teacher
after the first year of such leave. In all cases, the study leave period shall be counted
for seniority and pension purposes. The compensation allowed for one year study
leave as herein provided shall be subject to the condition that the teacher takes the
regular study load and passes at least seventy-five per cent of his courses. Study
leave of more than one year may be permitted by the Secretary of Education but
without compensation.

12. Indefinite leave.

An indefinite sick leave of absence shall be granted to teachers when the nature of
the illness demands a long treatment that will exceed one year at the least.

13. Freedom to organize.

Public school teachers shall have the right to freely and without previous
authorization both to establish and to join organizations of their choosing, whether
local or national to further and defend their interests.
14. Prohibition of discrimination against teachers.
The rights established in the immediately preceding Section shall be exercised
without any interference or coercion.

It shall be unlawful for any person to commit any acts of discrimination against
teachers which are calculated to:
Make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he shall not join an
organization, or shall relinquish membership in an organization.
To cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his
membership in an organization or because of participation in organization activities
outside school hours, or with the consent of the proper school authorities, within
school hours.
To prevent him from carrying out the duties laid upon him by his position in the
organization, or to penalize him for an action undertaken in that capacity.

16. Engage in business.

Under the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, teachers have the right to
engage, directly or indirectly, in a legitimate income generation provided that it does
not relate to or adversely affect his work.

17. Safeguards in disciplinary procedures.

Article II, Section 8 of the Magna Carta for Public School Teachersprovides that
"Every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage of any disciplinary
procedure and shall have:
a. The right to be informed, in writing, of the charges.
b. The right to full access to the evidence in the case.
c. The right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative of his choice
and/or by his organization, adequate time being given to the teacher for the
preparation of his defense.
d.The right to appeal to clearly designated authorities. No publicity shall be given to
any disciplinary action being taken against a teacher during the pendency of his
case.

Teachers' Accountability to the State

Relationship of the Filipino Teacher and the State

Under Article 2, Section 1 of the Code for Ethics of Professional Teachers, 'the
schools are the nurseries of the citizens of the state, each teacher is a trustee of the
cultural and educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to
learners such heritage as well as to elevate national morality, promote national pride,
cultivate love of country, instill allegiance to the Constitution and respect for all duly
constituted authorities, and promote obedience to the laws of the state."

GLYCEL (1)
Accountabilities of the Teachers to the State

According to the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, the Filipino teachers are
held accountable to the state. The following are their accountabilities as stipulated in
Sections 2-8 of the aforementioned Code:

1. Every teacher or school official shall actively help carry out the declared policies of
the state, and shall take an oath to this effect.

the country. The purposes of seting the Ethical Standards for the Teaching
Profession ithis Codeae as follows:

1. To motivate teachers to uphold thehonor and dignity of the teaching profession;

2. To determine the ethical responsibilities and commitments of teachers in the

teaching profesion;

3. To guide ethical decisions and actions of teachers in the teaching profession;

4. To promote public trust and confidencein the teaching profession.

Code of Ethics of Higher Education Institutions ( HEIs )

Every public and private higher education institution has the right to create a Code of
Ethics for their own faculty members in due regard of their academic freedom. This is
reflected in the Faculty Manual of each university and college duly approved by its
own Board of Regents or Board of Trustees.

Accountabilities of Filipino Teachers

Through the years, numerous and expanding responsibilities are being foisted on
teachers.These growing responsibilities imply that teachers are made answerable
and are expected to deliver various tasks to different individuals, groups, and sectors
of society. According to the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, all Filipino
teachers are accountable to the following:
1. To the state;
2. To the community;
3. To their profession;
6. Participate as an agent of of constractive and social, economic,moral ,intellectual ,
cultural and political change in his school and in community within the context of
national policies.

Accountability

Accountability is always associated with the terms answerability, liability,

transparency and other words related to expectations or to the account of giving.

The Code of Ethics for Professional·Teachers

The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers is the legal framework that defines the
various accountabilities of the Filipino teachers. Its adoption and promulgation on
11th of November 1997 is pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph (e), Article II of R.
A. No. 7836, otherwise known as the: "Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of
1994" and Paragraph (a), Section 6, P.D No.223, as amended, the Board for
Professional Teachers.
Coverage of Code
The Code of Ethics for Filipino Teachers covers all public and private school
teachers in all educational institutions at the pre-school, primary, elementary, and
secondary levels whether academic,vocational,special, technical or non-formal.

(Joan) (1)
Purpose of Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
Among Filipino teachers, the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers serves as
blueprint that defines the vision of professional practice of teaching in of such
growth; and (c) Achieving and strengthening national unity and consciousness and
preserving developing and promoting desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in
a changing world.
3. Render regular reports on performance of each learner and to the latter and the
latter's parets or guardians with specific suggestions for improvement.
4. Assume responsibility to maintain and sustain his professional growth and
advancement and maintain professionalism in his behavior at all times.
Refrain from making deductions in learner's scholastic ratings for acts that are clearly
not manifestations of poor scholarship.

Provide Fund - GSIS provides provident fund to DepED personnel including

teachers. This benefit provides loansfot teachers under emergency needs like
tuation fees of their children, expenses of their immediate dependent and for similar
purpose.
 Shelter Program for Teachers- Part of ensuring quality life for teachers to provide
them opportunuties to decent and affordable housing.
Automatic Upgrading of Position - The upgrading is bestowed to teachers
occupying Teacher I position who have rendered 20 years or more of satisfactory
teaching service without the need for filing an application for ERF upgrading.
Productivity Based Bonus (PBB) and Productivity Enhancement Incentive
(PEI) - The purpose of this incentive is to improve public accountability,
transparency, fiscal discipline, and government processes.

The Obligations of Filipino Teachers

Every right has a corresponding responsibility. This concept holds true even in the
teaching profession. As teachers enjoy some rights, they are however, duty bound to
perform and fulfll some duties and responsibilities and obligations.

Teacher's obligations under Batas Pambansa Blg. 232 otherwise known as

Education Act of 1982-An Act Providing for the Establishment and Maintenance of
an Integrated System of Education Pursuant to Section 16 of the foregoing Act,
every teacher is mandated to:
Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance
with the philosophy, goals, and objectives of the school.
Be accountable for the efficient and effective attainment of specified learning
objectives in pursuance of national development goals within the limits of available
school resources.

regular Leave Privileges. - These refer to leave of absencey (DECS Service

Manual, 2000). For those teaching in the private schools, these privileges are
stipulated in their incentives and collective bargaining agreements(CBA)as provided
by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).

Sick and Vacation Leave Credits-These refer to privilege granted to teachers who
render Teachers under this circumstance are entitled to 15 days vacation and15days
sick leave not apply.

Special Leave Privileges -These refer to other privileges of public school teachers
such as graduation leave for spouse and children; enrollment leave, wedding
anniversary leave,birthday, hospitalization leave,accident leave, relocation leave,
government transaction leave and calamity leave.

Maternity Leave -It refers to a special leave given only to married, pregnant women
who are teaching and have rendered at least an aggregate of two (2) years of
service.
Paternity leave -Married male teachers are entitled to paternity leave of seven (7)
days for the first four (4) children, regardless of whichever legal wife they have,gives
birth.

Step Increment-Teachers are granted step increment (horizontal salary increase) if

they have not been promoted in their respective positions for the past three (3)
years.

( KENJI 2)
Other Benefits and Privileges of Teachers.
the benefits and privileges of public school teachers are manifold. Teacher
Education Council l of DepEed outlines the benefits and privileges of public school
teachers as follows:
Monetary Benefits - Cash awards or benefits are given to teachers in order to
improve allowance, year-end bonus and cash gifts, among others.

b. The Special Hardship Allowance -This refers to the incentives gjiven to teachers
teaching be reached through motorized vehicle. Teachers are also entitled to this
allowance if they only payable for the duration of the calamity period.
The Productivity Incentive- This refers to a monetary benefit given to teachers at the
end of every year.

d. Cash Allowance to Teachers- This refers to the money given to teachers for the
purchase of classroom supplies and materials which they directly use in the
classroom such as chalk,crayons, and erasers.
e. Year-end Bonus and Cash Gift- The 13th and 14th month pay bonuses are given
to e.teachers who are in active service within the calendar year. Such is granted
each year,.which is equivalent to one month basic salary and a cash gift of five
thousand pesos both of which are tax free.

2. In the interest of the State and of the Filipino people as much as of his own, very
leacher shat be physically mentally, and morally
3. Every teacher shall possess and actueilze full commitment and devotion to duty.
4. A teacher shall not engage in the promotion of any political, religious, or other
partisan interest and shall not, directly, or indirectly, solicit, require, collect, or receive
any money, service, other valuable material from any person or entity for such
purposes.
5. Every teacher shall vote and shall exercise at other constitutional rights and
responsibilites.
6. A teacher shall not use his position or official authority or entfuernos to coerce any
other person to follow any political course of action
7. Every teacher shall enjoy academic freedom and shall have the privilege of
sharing the product of his researches and investigations, provided that, if the results
are inimical to the declared policies of the State, they shall be drawn to the proper
authorities for appropriate remedial action.

JUDY (2)
Teachers' Accountability to the Community
Relationship of the Teacher and the Community Teachers' Accountability
Under Article 3 Section 1 of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, "the
teacher is a facilitator of learning and of the development of the youth, he shall,
therefore, render the best services by providing an environment conducive to such
learning and growth."

Accountabilities of the Teachers to the Community

The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers provides that Filipino teachers are
held accountable to the community as follows:
1. Every teacher shall provide leadership and initiative to actively participate in
community
2. Every teacher shall merit reasonable social recognition for which purpose he shall
behave with honor and dignity at all times and refrain from such activities as
gambling, smoking, drunkenness and other excesses, much less illicit relations.
3. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the community, and shall,
therefore, study and understand local customs and traditions in order to have a
sympathetic attitude, therefore, refrain from disparaging the community.
4. Every teacher shall help the school keep the people in the community informed
about the school's work and accomplishments as well as its needs and problems.
5. Every teacher is an intellectual leader in the community, especially in the
barangay, and shall welcome the opportunity to provide such leadership when
needed, to extend counseling services as appropriate, and to actively be involved in
matters affecting the welfare of the people.
6. Every teacher shall maintain harmonious and pleasant personal and official
relations with other professionals, with government officials and with the people,
individually or collectively.
7. A teacher possesses the freedom to attend church and worship, as appropriate,
but shall not use his position and influence to proselyte others.

( KHAYLA (2)
Teachers' Accountability to Their Profession
The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers states that there are five (5) basic
accountabilities of the teachers to their profession namely:
1. Every teacher shall actively help insure that teaching is the noblest profession,
and shall manifest genuine enthusiasm and pride in teaching as a noble calling.
2. Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible standards of quality education,
shall make the best preparation for the career of teaching, and shall be at his best at
all times in the practice of his profession.
3. Every teacher shall participate in the continuing professional development (CPD)
program of the Professional Regulation Commission and shall pursue such other
studies as will improve his efficiency, enhance the prestige of the profession, and
strengthen his competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and
internationally competitive.
4. Every teacher shall help, if duly authorized to seek support for the school, but shall
not make improper misrepresentations through personal advertisements and other
questionable means.
5. Every teacher shall use the teaching profession in a manner that makes it a
dignified means for earning a decent living.

(MARILYN (2)
Teachers' Accountability to the Teaching Community
Under the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, there are teachers'
responsibilities to the teaching community as follows:
1. Teachers shall, at all times, be imbued with the spirit of professional loyalty,
mutual confidence, and faith in one another, self-sacrifice for the common good, and
full cooperation with colleagues. When the best interest of the learners, the school,
or the profession is at stake in any controversy. teachers shall support one another.
2. A teacher is not entitled to claim for work not his own, and shall give due credit for
the work of others which he may use.
3. Before leaving his position, a teacher shall organize and leave to his successor
such records and other data as are necessary to carry on the work.
A teacher shall hold inviolate all confidential information concerning associates and
the school, and shall not divulge to anyone documents which have not yet been
officially released, or remove records from the files without official permission.
It shall be the responsibility of every teacher to seek correctives for what may appear
to be an unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associate. This may be done
only if there is incontrovertible evidence for such conduct.
A teacher may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticism against an
associate, preferably in writing, without violating any right of the individual
concerned.
A teacher may apply for a vacant position for which he is qualified, provided that he
respects the system of selection on the basis of merit and competence, provided,
further, that all qualified candidates are given the opportunity to be considered.

( Glycel (2)
TEACHERS’ ACCOUNTABILITY TO HIGHER AUTHORITIES
Under the Code of Ethics for Teachers, these are the responsibilities of teachers to
higher authorities:
A teacher shall make it his duty to make an honest effort to understand and support
the legitimate policies of the school and the administration, regardless of personal
feeling or private opinion and shall faithfully carry them out.
A teacher shall not make any false accusation or charges against superiors,
especially under anonymity. However, if there are valid charges, he should present
such under oath to competent authority.
A teacher shall transact all official business through channels except when special
conditions warrant a different procedure, such as when reforms are advocated but
are opposed by the immediate superior, in which case the teachers shall appeal
directly to the appropriate higher authority.
A teacher, individually or as part of a group, has a right to seek redress against
injustice and discrimination and to the extent possible, shall raise his grievances
within democratic processes. In doing so, he shall avoid jeopardizing the interest and
welfare of learners who's right to learn must be respected.
A teacher has a right to invoke the principle that appointments, promotions, and
transfers of teachers are made only on the basis of merit and need in the interest of
the service.
A teacher who accepts a position assumes a contractual obligation to live up to his
contract, assuming full knowledge of the employment terms and conditions.
TEACHERS’ ACCOUNTABILITY TO THE LEARNERS
Learners and teachers are vital actors in the educational process. Teachers teach
while learners. Unless there is a process dedication on the part of teachers and
sincerity on the part of learners, the whole cannot be effective.

( JOAN (2)
The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers describes the teachers'
accountability to the learners as follows:
1. A teacher has the right and duty to determine the academic marks and the
promotion of learners in the subjects they handle, such determination shall be in
accordance with generally accepted procedures of evaluation and measurement. In
case of any complaint, teachers concerned shall immediately take appropriate
action, observing due process.
A teacher shall recognize that the interest and welfare of learners are his first and
foremost concern, and shall handle each learner justly and impartially. Under no
circumstances shall a teacher be prejudiced or discriminatory against any learner
Under no circumstance shall a teacher be prejudiced nor discriminatory against any
learner.
A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learner's work on merit and quality of
academic performance.
A teacher shall not accept, directly or indirectly, any remuneration from tutorials other
than what is authorized for such service.
A teacher shall base the evaluation of the learner's work on merit and quality of
academic performance.
In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop between teacher
and learner, the teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid
scandal, gossip and preferential treatment of the learner
A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment on offending learners nor make
deductions from their scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts which are clearly
not manifestations of poor scholarship
8. A teacher shall insure that conditions contributive to the maximum development of
learners are adequate and shall extend needed assistance in preventing or solving
learners' problems and difficulties.

KENJI (3)
Accountabilities of Teachers to the Parents

Under the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, the accountabilities of the
Filipino teachers to the parents are as follows:
1. A teacher shall establish and maintain cordial relations with parents, and shall
conduct himself to merit their confidence and respect.
2. A teacher shall inform parents, through proper authorities of the progress or
deficiencies of leamers under him, exercising utmost candor and tact in pointing out
learners' deficiencies and in seeking parent's cooperation for the proper guidance
and improvement of learners.

(JUDY 3)
Teachers' Accountability to Business
There are also accountabilities of teachers to business which are as follow:
1. A teacher has a right to engage, directly or indirectly in a legitimate income
generation, provided that it does not relate to or adversely affect his work.
2. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to financial matters such
as in the settlement of his just debts, loans and other financial affairs.
3. No teacher shall act, directly or indirectly, as agent of, or be financially interested
in any commercial venture which he can exercise official influence, except only when
his assignment is inherently related to such purchase and disposal, provided that
such shall be in accordance with existing regulations.

( Khayla 3)
Teachers' Accountability to Themselves as Persons The following are duties of
teachers to their personhood under the Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers
1. A teacher shall live with dignity in all places and at all times.
2 A teacher shall place a premium upon self-discipline and self-respect as the
principles of personal behavior in all relationships with others and in all situations.
3 A teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified personality which could serve as a
model worthy of emulation by learners, peers and others.
4. A teacher shall always recognize the Almighty God or Supreme Being as guide of
his own destiny and of the destinies of men and nations.

( Marilyn 3)
Sanctions for Violations of Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
Teachers must have to conform to the ethical standards and guidelines of their Code
at all times. Article 12 of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers provides that
"Any violation of any provision of this code shall be sufficient ground for the
imposition against the erring teacher of the disciplinary action consisting of:

a. revocation of his Certificate of Registration and License as a Professional

Teacher,
b. suspension from the practice of teaching profession, and
c. reprimand of cancellation of his temporary/special permit under causes sealed in
Senior 23. Article III or R.A. No. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article VIII, of the Rules
and Regulations Implementing R.A. 7836.

(Glycel(3)
Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees
Pursuant to R.A. No. 6713 otherwise known as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees, school heads and teachers must
strictly adhere to the norms of conduct of public officials and employees. Section 4 of
the Act reads as follows:

a. Commitment to public interest - Public officials and employees shall always uphold
the public interest over and above personal interest. All government resources and
powers of their respective offices must be used efficiently, effectively, honestly, and
economically, purposely to avoid wastage in public funds and revenues.
b. Professionalism - Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their
duties the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence, and skill. They
shall enter public service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall
endeavor to discourage wrong perceptions of their roles as dispensers or peddlers of
undue patronage.
C. Justness and sincerity - Public officials and employees shall remain true to the
people at all times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not
discriminate against anyone, especially the poor and the underprivileged.
d. Political neutrality - Public officials and employees shall provide service to
everyone without unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or
preference.

(Joan(3)
e. Responsiveness to the public - Public officials and employees shall extend
prompt, courteous, and adequate service to the public.
f. Nationalism and patriotism - Public officials and employees shall at all times be
loyal to the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced
goods, resources and technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country
and people.
g. Commitment to democracy - Public officials and employees shall commit
themselves to the democratic way of life and values, maintain the principle of public
accountability, and manifest by deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the
military.
h. Simple living - Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest
lives appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not indulge in an
extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth in any form.