BS EN 280‑2:2022

BSI Standards Publication

Mobile elevating work platforms

Part 2: Additional safety requirements for load lifting appliances

on the extending lifting structure and work platform
BS EN 280‑2:2022 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 280‑2:2022.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee MHE/12/1, Lifting Platforms - Mobile elevating
work platforms.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its committee manager.
Contractual and legal considerations
This publication has been prepared in good faith, however no
representation, warranty, assurance or undertaking (express or
implied) is or will be made, and no responsibility or liability is or will be
accepted by BSI in relation to the adequacy, accuracy, completeness or
reasonableness of this publication. All and any such responsibility and
liability is expressly disclaimed to the full extent permitted by the law.
This publication is provided as is, and is to be used at the
recipient’s own risk.
The recipient is advised to consider seeking professional guidance with
respect to its use of this publication.
This publication is not intended to constitute a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.
This publication has been prepared under a mandate given to the
European Standards Organizations by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association. It is intended to support requirements
of the EU legislation detailed in the European Foreword. A European
Annex, usually Annex ZA or ZZ, describes how this publication relates to
that EU legislation.
For the Great Britain market (England, Scotland and Wales), if UK
Government has designated this publication for conformity with UKCA
marking (or similar) legislation, it may contain an additional National
Annex. Where such a National Annex exists, it shows the correlation
between this publication and the relevant UK legislation. If there is no
National Annex of this kind, the relevant Annex ZA or ZZ in the body
of the European text will indicate the relationship to UK regulation
applicable in Great Britain. References to EU legislation may need to be
read in accordance with the UK designation and the applicable UK law.
Further information on designated standards can be found at
www.bsigroup.com/standardsandregulation.
For the Northern Ireland market, UK law will continue to implement
relevant EU law subject to periodic confirmation. Therefore
Annex ZA/ZZ in the European text, and references to EU legislation, are
still valid for this market.
UK Government is responsible for legislation. For information on
legislation and policies relating to that legislation, consult the relevant
pages of www.gov.uk.
© The British Standards Institution 2022
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2022
ISBN 978 0 539 01759 5
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 280‑2:2022

ICS 53.020.99
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2022.

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Text affected
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 280‑2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2022

ICS 53.020.99

English Version

Mobile elevating work platforms - Part 2: Additional

safety requirements for load lifting appliances on the
extending lifting structure and work platform
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel - Fahrbahre Hubarbeitsbühnen - Teil 2: Zusätzliche
Partie 2 : Exigences de sécurité supplémentaires Sicherheitsanforderung für Lastaufnahmemittel
pour des appareils de levage fixés à la structure an Hubeinrichtung und Arbeitsbühne
extensible ou à la plate-forme de travail

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 280‑2:2022: E
worldwide for CEN national Members
BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery” to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance
with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope
of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that
Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
This standard does not give presumption of conformity regarding the determination of sound
power level.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European standard and Annex I of

Directive 2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive
2006/42/EC
1.1.2 (a) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (c) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (d) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (e) 4, 5, 6
1.1.3 4.2.1, 4.2.2
1.1.6 4.2.1
1.2.1 4.2.1, 4.2.5
1.2.2 4.2.1, 4.2.10, 4.2.11, 6.2.1 c)
1.2.3 4.2.10
1.2.4.1 4.2.1
1.2.4.3 4.2.10
1.2.5 4.2.5, 4.2.10
1.2.6 4.2.1
1.3.1 4.4
1.3.2 4.3, 4.4
1.3.3 4.1.1
1.3.4 4.2.1
1.3.7 4.2.1, 4.2.2
1.3.9 4.2.1
1.5.1 4.2.9
1.5.3 4.2.7
1.5.4 4.2.7, 6.2.1 d), 6.2.1 f)
1.5.8 4.2.1

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

The relevant Essential Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN Remarks/Notes

Requirements of Directive
2006/42/EC
1.5.10 4.2.1
1.5.11 4.2.1
1.5.13 4.2.7
1.6.1 6.1.2 h)
1.6.3 4.2.9
1.7.1 6.2
1.7.2 4.2.1
1.7.3 6.2
1.7.4 6.1
4.1.2.1 4.4
4.1.2.2 4.2.4
4.1.2.3 4.3, 4.4
4.1.2.4 4.2.2
4.1.2.5 4.2.1
4.1.2.6 4.2.1
4.1.2.7 4.1.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.6
4.1.3 5
4.2.1 4.2.1
4.2.2 4.2.1
4.3.3 4.2.1, 6.2 a)
4.4 4.2.1, 6.1

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard
is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should
consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Contents Page

Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered............................................................................... ii
European foreword................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures................................................................10
4.1 Fixed load-lifting attachment................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Hoist appliance (hoists with/without jibs).................................................................................................................. 10
4.3 Structural and stability calculations................................................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Methods to avoid overturning and exceeding permissible stresses....................................................... 11
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures........................12
6 User information................................................................................................................................................................................................12
6.1 Operating instructions................................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.2 Marking....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Annex A (normative) List of significant hazards....................................................................................................................................15
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered............................................................................... ii
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

European foreword
This document (EN 280‑2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting
platforms”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic
of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Introduction
This document is a harmonized standard to provide one means for Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
(MEWPs) of Type 1, equipped with a load lifting appliance and designed for lifting suspended loads, to
conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or
B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the
other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this
type C standard.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of
this document.

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1 Scope
This document, which is to be used in conjunction with EN 280‑1:2022, specifies the additional safety
requirements for MEWPs of Type 1 Group B equipped with a load lifting appliance. The load-lifting
appliance is designed for lifting suspended loads only as part of the task being carried out by personnel
from the work platform. This document deals with the additional hazards, hazardous situations and
events relevant to load lifting appliances either on the extending lifting structure or on the work
platform, when the MEWP and load lifting appliance are used as intended and under conditions of
misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer of the MEWP. The significant hazards
covered by this document are listed in Annex A.
This document does not cover the following:
a) the use of a MEWP for lifting persons as a suspended load;
b) the use of a MEWP for lifting suspended loads from a control position other than the work platform;
c) requirements for lifting accessories;
d) lifting or lowering of suspended loads for general materials handling as carried out by a crane;
e) MEWPs compliant with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.4.1.5 and/or 4.4.1.6 (enhanced stability and
overload criteria);
f) MEWPS others than Type1 Group B.
Load lifting appliance can be:
g) fixed load attachment points on the work platform or on the extending lifting structure where the
load can be positioned in reach of the personnel on the platform;
h) lifting equipment for lifting or lowering the load with a stationary platform. The equipment is
attached to the work platform or extending structure and may have a load lifting jib.
NOTE The lifting equipment can be either permanently attached or removable.

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 280‑1:2022, Mobile elevating work platforms - Part 1: Design calculations - Stability criteria -
Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
EN 13001‑2:2021, Crane safety - General design - Part 2: Load actions
EN 14492‑2:2019, Cranes - Power driven winches and hoists - Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60204‑32:2008, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204 32:2008)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
(ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 280‑1:2022, EN ISO 12100:2010,
and the following apply (see also Figure 1 for some illustrations of definitions).
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
load lifting appliance
load attachment point or hoist appliance
3.2
lifting equipment
hoist with or without load lifting jibs, with or without hoist mediums and load holding device, which is
permanently mounted or removable
3.3
lifting accessories
component or equipment not attached to the lifting machinery, allowing the load to be held, which is
placed between the machinery and the load or on the load itself, or which is intended to constitute an
integral part of the load
NOTE Slings and their components are also regarded as lifting accessories.

3.4
load lifting jib
part of the lifting equipment which provides the necessary radius and/or height of the load holding
device (definition similar to ISO 4306‑1:2007)

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

a b

Key
a boom structure load attachment point
b work platform lifting equipment

Figure 1 — Example of load lifting appliance

Key
1 work platform
2 lifting equipment
3 hoist
4 load lifting jib
5 hoist medium
6 load holding device
7 lifting accessories
8 payload
a lifting
b lowering

Figure 2 — Example of lifting equipment in the work platform

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures

4.1 Fixed load-lifting attachment

4.1.1 The load-lifting attachment shall be secured so as to prevent unintentional loosening of the lifting
accessories.

4.1.2 The load shall be suspended freely and guided by the movements of the extending structure of
the MEWP. The hoist medium shall not change length while moving the extending structure.

4.2 Hoist appliance (hoists with/without jibs)

4.2.1 Power-operated hoists shall be designed according to EN 14492‑2:2019.

4.2.2 Rope drums, rope pulleys and guides shall be designed according to EN 14492‑2:2019.

Trapping and shearing points between moving parts which are within reach of persons (see
EN ISO 13857:2019) on the platform or standing adjacent to the MEWP at ground level shall be avoided
by providing safe clearances in accordance with EN ISO 13854:2019 or guarding.

4.2.3 The hoist lifting speed shall not exceed the work platform lifting speed by boom movement and
not exceed 0,25 m/s. The hoist lowering speed shall not be more than 1,5 times of the hoist lifting speed
and in no case exceed the lowering speed of the work platform.

4.2.4 Manual boom extensions shall have end stops and mechanical locks for the retracted, extended
and working positions.

4.2.5 An interlock shall prevent movements of the MEWP whilst lifting or lowering the load with the
lifting equipment. This interlocking device shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.11 and meet a minimum
Performance Level c. This requirement does not apply for human powered hoists.

4.2.6 Means to reduce the risk of collision between the suspended load and platform occupants due to
the movement of the extending structure and the platform shall be provided.

Aspects to be considered include:

a) a reduced speed of the extending structure and platform;
b) platform position during the lifting, lowering and other movements of the load.
It shall not be possible to position the work platform below the load attachment point. Collisions
between the suspended load and structural parts of the MEWP shall be avoided.

4.2.7 The hydraulic equipment shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.9. Hydraulic hoses in the vicinity of
the operators shall not pose a hazard to them (e.g. due to leakage of hot or pressurized liquids).

4.2.8 Hydraulic cylinders shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.10.

4.2.9 The electrical equipment shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.8 and EN 60204‑32:2008.

4.2.10 The control position of the lifting equipment shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.7 and have an
emergency stop according to EN ISO 13850:2015. All emergency stop devices (on the MEWP and on the
load lifting appliance) shall stop all movements of the MEWP and the load lifting appliance.

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EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

4.2.11 It shall be possible to activate power-operated lifting equipment from an additional position
easily accessible from the ground as an overriding emergency control function. The additional control
position shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.7.4.

4.2.12 Means shall be provided to control lowering of the load of the hoist even in case of loss of
power supply.
NOTE Use of the boom functions is permissible.

4.3 Structural and stability calculations

The load lifting appliance and its interface with the MEWP shall comply with EN 280‑1:2022, 4.2.5.2 and
4.2.5.3. The force from the hoist load shall be considered when designing the MEWP (see EN 280‑1:2022,
4.2.3.5). To consider dynamic effect of hoisting, the hoist load shall be multiplied by a dynamic factor in
accordance with EN 13001‑2:2021, 4.2.2.2, using hoisting class HC1 (see Table 1).
Wind forces on the hoist load shall be calculated in accordance with EN 13001‑2:2021, 4.2.3.1.

Table 1 — Partial safety factors (based on Table 3 of EN 280‑1:2022)

Clause Loading Partial safety factors γ p
Regular loads Occasional loads
4.2.3.1 in EN 280‑1:2022 Rated load 1,34 1,22
4.2.3.2 in EN 280‑1:2022 Dead weights 1,22 1,16
4.2.3.3 in EN 280‑1:2022 Wind loads − 1,22
4.2.3.4 in EN 280‑1:2022 Manual force − 1,22
4.3 in EN 280‑2:2022 Dynamic hoist load 1,34 1,22

4.4 Methods to avoid overturning and exceeding permissible stresses

4.4.1 The combination of the MEWP with the load lifting appliance shall be equipped with a safety
function according to EN 280‑1:2022, 4.4.1.2, 4.4.1.3 and/or 4.4.1.4 which avoids the risk of overturning
and exceeding the permissible stresses. In addition to the requirements in EN 280‑1:2022, 4.4.1 the
safety function shall also stop the powered load lifting appliance. The safety function shall comply with
EN 280‑1:2022, 4.11.

4.4.2 Where the rated load of the load lifting appliance is greater than the rated load of the work
platform, a safety function according to EN 280‑1:2022, 4.11 with at least PL c shall prevent the load of
the load lifting appliance being applied to the work platform.

4.4.3 The load lifting appliance shall have a rated capacity limiter according to 4.11 of EN 280‑1:2022
with at least PL c to prevent overload and to prevent permissible stresses from being exceeded.

4.4.4 The MEWP and load lifting appliance combination shall meet the stability requirements of
EN 280‑1:2022, 4.2.4 to prevent overturning under the least favourable combination of loads, forces and
extending structure position, under foreseeable operating conditions including:

a) any possible combination of loads within the total capacity of the machine, of the load lifting
appliance (from zero to the rated load of the load lifting appliance) and the loads on the work
platform (from 80 kg for one person to the rated load of the work platform);
b) dynamic forces arising from the lifting and lowering process;
c) the effect of a sudden loss or snagging of the hoisted load;

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d) wind forces acting on the load lifting appliance and the maximum suspended load area permitted
by the manufacturer in accordance with 4.3.

4.4.5 Any accelerations of the work platform caused as a result of the load carried by the load lifting
appliance shall not endanger persons in the work platform.

4.4.6 The maximum speed of the MEWP extending structure with load suspended from the load
lifting appliance shall be limited to ensure that neither the stability nor the structure of the machine is
endangered by the movement of the load (e.g. the effect of load swinging).

4.4.7 Where a separate working envelope is required to ensure the stability of the MEWP when using
the load lifting appliance, any selection of the working envelope by manual means shall comply with
EN 280‑1:2022, 4.4.1.7.

5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures

5.1 An additional stability test according to EN 280‑1:2022, 5.1.4.2.1 shall be carried out with a test
load of 125 % of the rated load of the load lifting appliance.

5.2 An overload test according to EN 280‑1:2022, 5.1.4.3 shall be carried out with a test load of 125 %
of the rated load of the load lifting appliance. Additionally, test loads of 125 % of the remaining rated load
of the work platform in this configuration shall be added to the work platform as part of this test.

5.3 The functional tests according to EN 280‑1:2022, 5.1.4.4 shall be carried out with a test load of
110 % of the rated load of the load lifting appliance. Additionally, test loads of 110 % of the remaining
rated load of the work platform in this configuration shall be added to the work platform as part
of this test.

5.4 It shall be verified as part of a type test that the persons on the work platform are not subject to
accelerations in excess of 1,7g due to sudden loss of load. Where a rope is used and there is a sudden loss
of load, the rope shall remain in its guides and continue winding correctly.

6 User information

6.1 Operating instructions

6.1.1 Operations on a MEWP with load lifting appliances shall only be carried out by competent
operators with additional specific training on the safe use of the load lifting appliance/MEWP
combination.

6.1.2 The operating instructions of the MEWP manufacturer shall at least include the following
comprehensive details for safe operation of the load lifting appliance:

a) intended use and foreseeable misuse (see Clause 1 Scope);

b) safety instructions for safe operation according to EN 280‑1:2022, 6.1;
c) guidance for using work restraint systems according to EN 280‑1:2022, 6.1.1.2 s);
d) technical information, particularly the rated load or duty chart;
e) handling of the load lifting appliance;
f) it is forbidden to operate human powered hoists simultaneously with the MEWP;

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g) operation of the load lifting appliance during emergency operation;

h) information on checks and maintenance of the load lifting appliance;
i) maximum permitted wind speed during operation with a suspended load and information on the
reduction of permitted in-service wind speed when lifting light loads with a larger wind area;
j) the operating instructions shall include safety requirements for use when planning a
lifting operation.
These shall include, as a minimum, the following:
— evaluation of the load and its characteristics (e.g. mass, dimensions, position of centre of gravity);
— selection of lifting accessories including the correct use of hook and slings;
— maximum permitted wind speed during operation with a suspended load;
— information on the reduction of permitted in-service wind speed when lifting light loads with a
larger wind area;
— the position of the MEWP, load lifting appliance, load and clearances before during and after the
lifting operation;
— prohibiting the lifting of suspended loads above persons;
— ensuring that the operator can observe the full path of the load directly;
— arrangements for ensuring that the load can be attached or detached safely;
— the site conditions including the space requirements and clearances for the operation;
— the existing environmental conditions and consideration of when the operation may have to be
stopped if conditions become unfavourable;
k) information on the compatibility of the MEWP with load lifting appliances.

6.1.3 The operating instructions of the lifting equipment shall include the following comprehensive
details for safe operation of the load lifting appliance:

a) details according to 6.1.1;

b) information on which specific load lifting appliances can be used on the MEWP;
c) declaration of noise emission levels, determined in full compliance with EN 14492‑2:2019, Annex M;
d) description of the components, functional and operating positions;
e) information on preparation of the MEWP and the load lifting appliance before taking into use;
f) measures to deal with problems that might occur during the use of the load lifting appliance,
including malfunctions;
g) information and instructions for periodic inspection and testing of the load lifting appliance and
its components. The manual shall include safety requirements for use when planning a lifting
operation. These shall include, as a minimum, the following:
— evaluation of the load and its characteristics;
— selection of lifting gear, correct use of hook, slings;
— the position of MEWP and load lifting device, the load and clearances before, during and after
the lifting operation;

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— the site conditions including the space requirements and clearances for the operation;
— environmental conditions existing and considerations when the operation may have to be
stopped if conditions become unfavourable;
— information on the reduction of permitted in-service wind speed when lifting light loads with a
larger wind area;
— proper selection and use of hooks and lifting accessories.

6.1.4 The manufacturer shall provide information about the loads used in overload testing and
functional testing as described in 5.1 to 5.3.

6.2 Marking

6.2.1 The following information shall be permanently and clearly marked in easily visible places:

a) a sign with the rated load shall be attached to the load lifting appliance;
b) a prohibition symbol “Lifting of persons prohibited!” shall be attached in the area of the load
holding device or to the lifting equipment and/or their control positions;
c) controls shall be marked according to EN 280‑1:2022, 4.7.3;
d) hydraulic hoses shall be marked according to EN 280‑1:2022, 4.9.11;
e) connections for external energy shall be marked according to EN 280‑1:2022, 6.2.8;
f) removable components of demountable load lifting appliances shall be marked according to
EN 280‑1:2022, 6.2.9;
g) an information sign with the following essential safety instructions shall be attached in the area of
the load lifting appliance or their control points:
— the load shall be freely suspended and not be dragged;
— where wind on the load causes it to swing or the load radius to increase, the lifting operation
shall be stopped;
— maximum permitted wind speed during operation with suspended load;
NOTE Guidance is available in BS 7121‑1:2016.

— warning of the danger of working in the vicinity of electrical transmission lines;

— the load shall be observed continuously during lifting or lowering to ensure that it does not
catch on any adjacent equipment or structure.

6.2.2 Load lifting appliances shall be marked with a manufacturer's plate with details according to
EN 280‑1:2022, 6.2.1 a) to d), f), l) and m), indelible and in a clearly visible location.

6.2.3 A permanent, clearly visible sign on the MEWP that indicates the allowable load lifting
appliance(s).

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Annex A
(normative)

List of significant hazards

The additional hazards listed in Table A.1 have been identified by the risk assessment procedure and
the corresponding requirements formulated.
NOTE The hazards, which are listed in EN 280‑1:2022, are generally valid at the same time.

Table A.1 — List of significant hazards

Significant additional hazards Relevant clause(s) in this Europe‑
an Standard
1 Mechanical hazards -
1.1 Crushing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
1.2 Shearing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
1.3 Cutting or severing hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
1.4 Entanglement hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
1.6 Impact hazard 4.2.6, 4.4
1.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 4.2.1
1.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 4.2.1
1.9 High pressure fluid injection hazard 4.2.7, 4.2.8
1.10 Ejection of parts 4.1.1, 6.1
1.11 Loss of stability (of machinery and machine parts) 4.4, 6.2.1
2 Electrical hazards, caused for example by: 4.2.9
2.1 Electrical contact (direct or indirect) 4.2.9, 6.2.1 g)
2.4 External influences on electrical equipment 4.2.9
3 Thermal hazards for example resulting in:
3.1 Burns, scalds and other injuries by a possible contact of persons 4.2.1
with objects or materials with an extreme high or low temper‑
ature, by flames or explosions and also by the radiation of heat
sources
4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting for example in: -
4.1 Hearing losses (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. 4.2.1, 6.1.2 c)
loss of balance, loss of awareness etc.)
4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. 4.2.1
6 Hazards generated by radiation, especially by: -
6.4 Machine making use of high frequency electromagnetic fields 4.2.9
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed,
used or exhausted by machinery for example:
7.1 Hazards resulting from contact with or inhalation of harmful 4.2.7
fluids, gases, mists, dusts and fumes
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in -
machine design (mismatch of machinery with human char‑
acteristics and abilities) caused for example by:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 4.2.1, 4.2.10

  15
BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Significant additional hazards Relevant clause(s) in this Europe‑

an Standard
8.6 Human error 4.2.7, 4.2.9, 6.2.1 d), 6.2.1 f)
8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 4.2.1, 4.2.10
8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display units 4.2.1, 4.2.2
10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down -
of machinery parts, and other functional disorders, for
example:
10.1 Failure of energy supply (of energy and/or control circuits) 4.2.7, 4.2.10, 4.2.12
10.3 Failure/malfunction of control system 4.2.1, 4.2.10
10.4 Errors of fitting 4.2.7, 6.2.1 d), 6.2.1 f)
10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 4.4, 6.2.1 g)
11 Hazards caused by (temporary) missing and/or incorrectly -
positioned safety-related measures/means, for example:
11.1 All kinds of guard 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.7
11.3 Starting and stopping devices 4.2.1, 4.2.5, 4.2.10
11.4 Safety signs and signals 6.2.1, 6.2.2
11.5 All kinds of information or warning devices 4.2.1
11.7 Emergency devices 4.2.10, 4.2.11
11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting and/or 4.2.1, 4.2.7, 6.1.2 g)
maintaining
13 Hazards due to sudden movement/instability during han‑ 4.2.5, 4.2.7, 4.2.10, 4.2.11,
dling
4.4, 6.1.2, 6.2.1
14 Inadequate/inergonomic design of driving/operating posi‑
tion
14.1 Hazards due to dangerous environments (contact with moving 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.10
parts, exhaust gases, etc.)
14.2 Inadequate visibility from driver's/operator's position 6.2.1 g)
14.4 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design/positioning of controls 4.2.1, 4.2.10
15 Mechanical hazards -
15.1 Hazards to exposed persons due to uncontrolled movement 4.1.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.4,
5.4, 6.2.1 g)
16 Hazards due to lifting operation -
16.1 Lack of stability 4.1.2, 4.2.5, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.2.1 a),
6.2.1 g), 6.2.2
16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories 4.1.2, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.3
16.4 Uncontrolled movements 4.1.2, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.11, 4.4, 5.4,
6.2.1 g)
17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts 6.2.1.g)
19 Hazards due to loading/overloading 4.2.1, 4.4, 6.2.1 a)
20 Hazards due to lifting persons 6.2.1 b)
21 Controls -
21.1 Movement of work platform 4.2.5
21.3 Safe speed control 4.2.3, 4.2.6, 4.4
22 Falling of persons -
22.1 Personal protective equipment 6.1.2 c)
23 Work platform falling/overturning -
23.1 Falling/overturning 4.4, 6.2.1 g)

16 
 BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Significant additional hazards Relevant clause(s) in this Europe‑

an Standard
23.2 Acceleration/braking 4.4
24 Markings 6.2
25 Hazards of trapping, shearing or crushing generated by the 4.2.10, 4.4
triggering of safety devices that cause the stopping of the
machine’s movements
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events -
27.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by: -
27.1.1 Lack of stability 4.1.2, 4.4, 6.2.1 g)
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading – overloading – stabilizing moment ex‑ 4.4
ceeded
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 4.4
27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement of loads 4.2.5, 4.4
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/ accessories 4.1.1
27.2 From access of persons to load support 6.2.1 b)
27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.8, 4.3, 4.4
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles -
29.1 Insufficient visibility from the driving position 4.2.10, 6.2.1 g)

  17
BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered

This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery” to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance
with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of the scope
of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that
Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
This standard does not give presumption of conformity regarding the determination of sound
power level.

Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European standard and Annex I of

Directive 2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive
2006/42/EC
1.1.2 (a) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (c) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (d) 4, 5, 6
1.1.2 (e) 4, 5, 6
1.1.3 4.2.1, 4.2.2
1.1.6 4.2.1
1.2.1 4.2.1, 4.2.5
1.2.2 4.2.1, 4.2.10, 4.2.11, 6.2.1 c)
1.2.3 4.2.10
1.2.4.1 4.2.1
1.2.4.3 4.2.10
1.2.5 4.2.5, 4.2.10
1.2.6 4.2.1
1.3.1 4.4
1.3.2 4.3, 4.4
1.3.3 4.1.1
1.3.4 4.2.1
1.3.7 4.2.1, 4.2.2
1.3.9 4.2.1
1.5.1 4.2.9
1.5.3 4.2.7
1.5.4 4.2.7, 6.2.1 d), 6.2.1 f)
1.5.8 4.2.1

18 
 BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

The relevant Essential Clause(s)/subclause(s) of this EN Remarks/Notes

Requirements of Directive
2006/42/EC
1.5.10 4.2.1
1.5.11 4.2.1
1.5.13 4.2.7
1.6.1 6.1.2 h)
1.6.3 4.2.9
1.7.1 6.2
1.7.2 4.2.1
1.7.3 6.2
1.7.4 6.1
4.1.2.1 4.4
4.1.2.2 4.2.4
4.1.2.3 4.3, 4.4
4.1.2.4 4.2.2
4.1.2.5 4.2.1
4.1.2.6 4.2.1
4.1.2.7 4.1.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.6
4.1.3 5
4.2.1 4.2.1
4.2.2 4.2.1
4.3.3 4.2.1, 6.2 a)
4.4 4.2.1, 6.1

WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard
is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this standard should
consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union.

WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.

  19
BS EN 280‑2:2022
EN 280‑2:2022 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN 12999, Cranes - Loader cranes

[2] EN 13000, Cranes - Mobile cranes
[3] EN 13155, Crane - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
[4] EN 13814:2004, Fairground and amusement park machinery and structures - Safety
[5] BS 7121‑1:2016, Code of practice for safe use of cranes — General

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