CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE

ARTS FROM THE REGIONS

VARIOUS CONTEMPORARY
ART FORMS QUARTER 3 -
MODULE 3
 LESSON 1

VARIOUS CONTEMPORARY
ART FORMS
Art is deeply influenced by society and shaped by the
specific conditions that give rise to its creation. It is often
seen as cutting-edge and connected to technological
advancements, with contemporary art being associated
with being up-to-date and modern. The gradual evolution of
contemporary art is an intriguing concept worth exploring.
Modern art, on the other hand, is considered more
traditional compared to contemporary art. The distinction
between modern and contemporary art can vary depending
on the context and individual perspectives. This module
aims to differentiate the history of art from the past to the
present.
VARIOUS CONTEMPORARY
ART FORM
1. PRACTICAL (Utilitarian) ART. This art is intended for
practical use or utility. It is the changing of raw materials for
utilitarian purposes. However, they must possess ornaments
or artistic qualities to make them useful and beautiful.
2. INDUSTRIAL ARTS. It is the changing of raw materials into
some significant products for human such as shell crafts,
bamboo crafts, leather crafts, pottery making, sheet – metal
work and the manufacture of automobiles, home appliances,
and televisions set.
3. APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD ART. It refers mostly to household
arts such as flower arrangement, interior decoration, dress
making, home – making, embroidery, cooking and others.
4. CIVIC ART. This art includes city or town planning,
maintenance, and beautification of parks. This is to beautify and
improve the standards of living.
5. COMMERCIAL ART. It involves business propaganda in the
form of advertisements in newspapers and magazines, sign
paintings, billboards and announcements, leaflets, displays,
poster designing, movie illustrations, and many more.
6. GRAPHIC ART. It is anything printed from raised or sunken
reliefs and plane surfaces.
7. AGRICULTURAL ART. (crop production), horticulture (garden
or orchard cultivation), husbandry (raising of cows, carabaos,
poultry and swine) and farming.
8. BUSINESS ART. This includes merchandising, accounting,
bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography, salesmanship, and
business administration.

9. FISHERY ART. It includes shallow and deep-sea fishing, fish

refrigeration and culture, and net weaving.

10. MEDICAL / CLINICAL ART. It includes first aid treatments,

medical manufacturing, surgery, medical operation,
rehabilitations and other
PHILIPPINE
ART
HISTORY
I. PRE-COLONIAL
ARTS / ETHNIC
ARTS
 WAS THERE ART BEFORE COLONIZATION?
In art chronicle terms, we imply art a few times as of late
the coming of the essential colonizers as “pre - triumph”.
In expound terms, we insinuate to it as natural thought
that our forerunners, have been making art without a
doubt a few times as of late colonization. It is also
described in cultural terms as “pre-colonial” as a term to
use the general way of life before colonization. Although
the terms are interchangeable, it is also useful to keep
these distinctions in mind when studying the art of the
past
In pre-colonial Philippines, art served ritual purposes and was
integrated into everyday life. The ancient Filipinos did not view art
as individual expression or separate categories like music,
theater, or visual arts. Instead, artistic expressions were woven
into rituals that marked important community events. The
ancestors, who were hunter-gatherers, shared stories during
gatherings where they imitated animal movements and sounds.
Through these activities, rituals, music, dance, theater, and even
literature emerged. The pre-colonial Filipinos had a diverse
musical culture, with the presence of ethnic instruments such as
pipes, flutes, drums, string instruments like the kudyapi, kulintang
gongs, bamboo percussion instruments, and large gongs.
 THE FOLLOWING ARE THE
NATIVE DANCE FORMS
IMITATED FROM THE
MOVEMENTS OF THE ANIMALS:
1.Pangalay dance (Sulu) is mimetic of the movements of the sea
birds
2. Mandaya’ Kinabua, Banog – banog (Higaonon & B’laan), and
ma- manok (Bagobos in Mindanao is imitated the movements
of predatory birds.
3. Talip dance (Ifugao) that is used for courtship is mimetic of
the movements of wild fowls.
4. Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli)
represent the comedic movement of the monkey
5. Tinikling dance is evocative of the movements of the crane,
balancing itself on stilt – like legs or flirting away from the
clutches of bamboo traps.
FAMOUS ARTWORKS DURING
PRE – COLONIAL:
1. Carving
• Bulul (Cordillera) a granary God that plays
an important role in rituals
• Hagabi (Ifugao) a wooden bench
• Santos / sculptures of saints (Laguna and
Pampanga)
• Okir (Tausug / Samal / Badjao) mythical
sarimanok, the naga or serpent.
• Manunggul Jar discovered at Manunggul
cave of Palawan
2. Weaving
• Textile weaving a. Pis siyabit (Tausug of Sulu) a
headpiece woven b. Malong (Maranao of Lanao del
Sur)
• Mat and basket weaving
a. Tepo mat (Sama of Tawi-Tawi) a double layered
made of Pandan leaves.
b. Ovaloid basket (Itbayat, Batanes) is a head sling
made of nito or bamboo used to carry the harvests.
c. Bubo (Ilocos region) a sturdy bamboo strips used to
trap the fish.
3. Ornamentation - representations of
various ethnolinguistic groups.
a. Wearing gold jewelry (upper-class
Tagalog)
b. Tattooing (Visayan) is believed to protect
the individual from evil spirits, it is also a
sign of bravery and maturity.
 II. ISLAMIC ERA
(13TH CENTURY
TO THE PRESENT)
 HOW DID ISLAM INFLUENCE ART BEFORE
THE COMING OF SPANISH COLONIZERS?
Before the arrival of Spanish colonizers, Islam had already made
its presence known in the southern Philippines. Islamic art,
characterized by geometric designs and patterns, had a
significant influence on the region. Filipino Muslims recognized
themselves as part of a community of believers, emphasizing the
unity of God. The concept of Tawhid, the belief in the unity of
God, influenced Islamic art, particularly in mosques. The interiors
of mosques were adorned with intricate patterns and reliefs,
intentionally shifting focus away from human forms and nature
towards contemplation of the divine. This emphasis on the
impermanence of nature and the greatness of the Divine Being is
a central theme in Islamic art.
Happenings during the Islamic era

1. The Sultanate of Sulu was established by Sayyid

Abubakar
2. Qura or holy text was introduced
3. Building of a religious school called Madrasah
4. Natives from Yakans, Basilan, and Zamboanga were
converted to Islam
5. Islamization process In Mindanao became strong.
6. Islam became the religion and as a way of life of people
in Mindanao (Tausug, Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan,
Samal, Badjao).
 WHAT KINDS OF ART DEVELOPED DURING
SPANISH COLONIZATION?

Art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to

propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the
colonial order at the same time. Religious orders
were dispatched to convert the natives to
Catholicismas part of the larger project culturally
as religious art, lowland Christian art or folk art.
II. SPANISH ERA
During the Spanish colonial era, churches were
built in the shape of the Latin cross, characterized
by grandeur, drama, and intricate details meant to
evoke emotions. These churches were
constructed using materials like adobe, limestone,
or brick, and featured thick buttresses or wing-like
projections to enhance structural stability against
earthquakes. This architectural style, blending
native and European elements, is often referred to
as colonial baroque or Philippine/tropical baroque.
IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS RELATED TO ART DURING THE SPANISH ERA

• CHINESE ARTISANS WERE ENGAGED IN MAKING ICONS OR SAINTS MADE

IN WOOD OR IVORY
• COLONIAL CHURCHES WERE BUILT
• WESTERN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WERE INTRODUCED, PIPE ORGAN,
VIOLIN, GUITAR, AND PIANO
• CATHOLIC LITURGICAL MUSIC WAS INTRODUCED IN 1742
• CHORAL MUSIC TO BOYS WERE INTRODUCED AND CREATED THE FIRST
FILIPINO COMPOSERS NAMED MARCELO ADONAY (1848 – 1928)
• MUSICAL FORM BASED ON CATHOLIC FAITH HAVE EMERGE IN THE
PASYON – THE BIBLICAL OF CHRIST’S PASSION CHANTED IN AN IMPROVISE
MELODY.
• SECULAR MUSIC WAS FORMED; THE AWIT AND THE CORRIDOR – THESE
WERE THE TWO MUSICAL FORMS BASED ON EUROPEAN LITERATURE AND
HISTORY.
• KUNDIMAN BECAME A VEHICLE FOR CONFLICT – THE LYRICS WERE THAT
OF UNREQUITED LOVE, EXCEPT THAT THE LOVE OBJECT WAS THE
PHILIPPINES WHO WOULD BE CLEVERLY CONCEALED AS BEAUTIFUL
WOMAN.
IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS RELATED TO ART DURING THE SPANISH ERA

• MANGYANS MADE THE BAYBAYIN SCRIPT MADE OF BAMBOO POLES CUT

INTO SMALLER NODES THAT ARE CARVED AND USED TO COMPOSE SHORT
POEMS, EXPRESSING ONE’S FEELINGS AND OTHER EMOTIONAL
CONCERNS. POMP AND PAGEANTRY OF RELIGIOUS PROCESSIONS WERE
INTRODUCED.
• ZARZUELA WAS INTRODUCED, IT WAS AN OPERA WHICH FEATURES
SINGING AND DANCING WITH PROSED DIALOGUE WHICH ALLOWED THE
STORY TO BE CARRIED OUT IN A SONG.
• SEVERINO REYES AND HERMOGENES ILAGAN WERE AWARDED AS THE
MOST DISTINGUISHED PLAYWRIGHTS AS THEY WROTE ZARZUELA IN
TAGALOG
• HONORATA “ ATANG” DELA RAMA AWARDEDED AS THE MOST
CELEBRATED LEADING ACTRESS
• THE FIRST SENAKULO WAS WRITTEN IN 1704 BY GASPAR AQUINO DE
BELEN
• KOMEDYA WERE ALSO INTRODUCED; KOMEDYA DE SANTO (IT CENTERS
ON LIFE OF CHRIST ) AND SECULAR KOMEDYA.
IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS RELATED TO ART DURING THE SPANISH
ERA

• FOLK DANCES SUCH AS CARINOSA, PANDANGO, POLKA , DANSA

AND RIGODON, HABANERA, AND TANGO WERE INTRODUCED.
• VISUAL ARTS AND PAINTINGS MUST BE VISUAL INTERPRETATIONS
OF BIBLICAL TEXTS CENTERED ON CATHOLIC DEVOTION EX.
HEAVEN EARTH AND HELL BY JOSE DANS ( 1850)
• REPROGRAPHIC ART OF PRINTMAKING WAS INTRODUCED,
DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA IS AN EXAMPLE, THE FIRST PRINTED BOOK
IN THE PHILIPPINES COMPILING SONG LYRICS, COMMANDMENTS,
SACRAMENTS, AND OTHER CATECHETICAL MATERIAL.
• JUAN LUNA ( SPOLARIUM) WON GOLD MEDALS AND FELIX
RESURRECTION HIDALGO (VIRGENES CHRISTIANAS EXPUESTAS AL
POPULACHO) WON SILVER MEDALS
 FAMOUS ARTISTS
AND THEIR
ARTWORKS DURING
SPANISH ERA:
Visual Arts:
1. Damian Domingo – water color albums of
tipos
2. Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas
3. Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes
christianas expuestas al populacho
4. Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water Carrier
5. Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon Family
6. Jose Dans – Heaven , Earth , Hell
7. Esteban Villanueva - Basi Revolt
 Miniature painters

1. Antonio Malantic

2. Isidro Arceo,

3. Dionesio de Castro

4. Justiniano Assuncion
 Engraver

1. Francisco Suarez

2. Nicolas Engraver

3. Laureano Atlas

4. Felipe Sevilla
 Musician – Composer
1. Marcelo Adonay

Theater artist:
1. Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama

Writers:
1. Severino Reyes - Zarzuela
2. Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela
3. Gaspar Aquino de Belen - Senakulo
 IV. AMERICAN ERA
(1898 – 1940) TO THE
POST WAR REPUBLIC
(1946 – 1969)
WHAT WERE THE CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY AMERICAN
COLONIZATION? HOW WERE THEY DIFFER FROM THE
RELIGIOUS FORMS OF THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD?

DURING THE AMERICAN ERA, COMMERCIAL AND ADVERTISING

ARTS WERE INTEGRATED INTO THE FINE ARTS CURRICULUM.
AMERICANS FAVORED IDYLLIC LANDSCAPES AND SECULAR
FORMS OF ART. FILIPINO PLAYWRIGHTS BEGAN WRITING IN
ENGLISH, AND A NEW URBAN PATTERN EMERGED. AMERICANS
BECAME PATRONS OF THE ARTS, LEADING TO A DEMAND FOR
ILLUSTRATORS AND GRAPHIC DESIGNERS. GENRE, STILL LIFE,
AND PORTRAIT PAINTINGS REMAINED POPULAR, AND
LANDSCAPES CAPTURED THE EXOTIC QUALITIES OF THE
PHILIPPINES. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
ESTABLISHED ITS SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS IN 1909, FOLLOWING
AN ACADEMIC TRADITION INFLUENCED BY EUROPEAN
ACADEMIES.
 FAMOUS ARTIST DURING
AMERICAN ERA
1. Juan Abad – Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) (1902)
2. Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi ako Patay ( Iam Not Dead) 1903
3. Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon , Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday,
Today and Tomorrow ) (The above 3 artists emphasized their
works a deep profound yearning forfreedom.)
4. Lino Castillejo (author) – A Modern Filipina First Filipino written
in
5. Jesus Araullo (author) – A Modern Filipina English
6. Daniel Burnham (architect) - He design Manila and Baguio
 FAMOUS ARTIST DURING
AMERICAN ERA
7. William Parsons – implanted Burnham Plan – an urban designed that
employed Neoclassic architecture. 8. Thomas Mapua 9. Andres Luna de
San Pedro Filipino architect who designed buildings
10. Antonio Toledo during the period
11. Fabian dela Rosa (naturalists Painter) – Planting Rice (1921), El
Kundiman( 1930)
12. Fernando Amorsolo • romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic
landscapes, historical paintings • graphic artist –The Philippine Readers
(book) The Independent ( newspaper) • logo designer - Ginebra San
Miguel.
13. Guillermo Tolentino (sculpture ) – Oblation ( 1935) UP Oblation (
1958 ) Bonifacio Monument ( 1933).
V. JAPANESE ERA
(1941 – 1945)
During the Japanese occupation, there was a preference for indigenous
art and traditions in the Philippines as part of Japan's propaganda in
Asia. The Modern Art Project slowed down, but artists continued to
produce art and participate in sponsored competitions by KALIBAPI.
However, art production aligned with the agenda of the new colonial
order. The Japanese forces promoted the Greater East Asia Co-
Prosperity Sphere, rejecting Western traditions and seeking to create a
Pan-Asian identity. Images, texts, and music underwent scrutiny, with
composer Felipe de Leon commanded to write the anthem "Awit sa
Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas" to convey allegiance to the nation reared
in East Asia. Genre paintings portraying a neutral relationship between
Filipinos and the Japanese, depicting the normality of daily life, were
widely produced during this period.
 FAMOUS ARTIST AND THEIR ARTWORKS
DURING JAPANESE ERA
1. Fernado Amorsolo (painting)
• Harvest scene, 1942
• Rice Plating, 1942
• Bombing of the Intendencia (1942)
• Ruins of Manila Cathedral (1945)
2. Sylvia La Torre (song)
• Sa kabukiran
3. Levi Celerio (composer)
• Sa Kabukiran
4. Felipe P. de Leon (composer)
• Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas
5. Crispin Lopez (painting)
• Study of an Aeta (1943)
6. Diosdado Lorenzo (painting)
• Atrocities in Paco 7. Dominador Castaneda (painting)
• Doomed Family (1945)
VI. MODERN ERA (NEO
REALISM,
ABSTRACTION
MODERN STYLES)
 WHAT IS MODERN ART?

Modern art in the Philippines emerged after World War II and

independence. Artists explored national identity as a theme.
Victorio Edades was a notable proponent. Modern art broke
away from traditional styles, focusing on new mediums and
themes. It depicted reality in a non-idealized manner and
embraced abstraction, emphasizing colors and lines over
realistic representation.
 MODERN FAMOUS ARTISTS
AND THEIR ARTWORKS
• Neo Realists Artist
1. Manansala – The Beggars (1952), Tuba Drinkers (1954),
2. Legaspi – Gadgets II (1949), Bad Girls (1947)
3. HR Ocampo – The Contrast (1940), Genesis (1968)
4. Ramon Estella
5. Victor Oyteza
6. Romeo Tabuena
 MODERN FAMOUS ARTISTS
AND THEIR ARTWORKS

• Abstractionist Artists
1. Constancio Abenardo
2. Lee Aguinaldo
3. Jose Joya
4. Fernando Zobel
5. Arturo Luz – Street Musicians (1952) 6. Nina Saguil -
Cargadores (1951)
MODERN ARCHITECTURAL
STRUCTURES:

1. Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)

2. Church of the Risen Lord
3. Chapel of Saint Joseph the worker
VII. CONTEMPORARY
ART.
 WHAT IS CONTEMPORARY
ART?
Contemporary art differs from modern art. While modern art is
considered "traditional" compared to contemporary art, the latter
is produced by artists living today. It is a fluid term that can
change depending on the context. Philippine contemporary art
emerged during Martial Law and expresses the aspirations of the
people. It utilizes mixed media, site-specific works, and
integrates various art forms.
 CONTEMPORARY ART HAS
THE FOLLOWING
CHARACTERISTICS;
a. collaborative / participative
b. interactive
c. Process - oriented (meaning that there is less emphasis on the
finished product and a single author or creator. There is a wide
range of strategies, media and techniques)
d. Site specific (they cannot be experienced in the same way if
we remove from their original place.
 IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS DURING THE
RISE OF CONTEMPORARY ART
• Many cultural projects ensued amid the backdrop of
poverty and volatile social conditions under the leadership
Of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos in 1965
• Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972
• New Society or Bagong Lipunan was built by Marcos in
which the main focus is to rebirth the lost civilization and
aspiration to modernization and development in which the
main vision is to combine the fine arts, architecture,
architecture, interior design, tourism, convention city
building, engineering , urban planning, health and among
many others through an art and culture program.
THANK YOU
SO MUCH