Subject: Contemporary Phil. Arts from the Regions Subject Teacher: Lerramie J.

Bato

Section:

Chapter 2

THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE ART

PHILIPPINE HISTORICAL TIMELINE

Pre- Colonial

(Before 1521) (1521-1898) (1898-1939) (1940-1945)

PRE-COLONIAL ARTS

These are reflections by which the natives of these islands have expressed their culture and civilization. These are proofs
that the earliest inhabitants of these islands were learned peoples even before the coming of the Spaniards.

LITERATURE

1. FOLK SPEECHES- this are riddles which has the talinghaga or metaphor as two different objects and therefore
test the keen analytical ability of the listener. Such as known as the tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog,
paktakon in Ilongo and patotodon in Bicol.
2. Proverbs or Aphorisms- these encapsulate the rules of conduct and community beliefs which instill values
though short verses with rhyme that full of wisdom.
Tanaga- which has insights and lessons on life according to life experiences.
Basahanon, daraida- from bukidnon
Daragilon- from panay
3. Folk song- This is a folk lyric expressing the relationships, lessons about aspirations of people in the community.
Often, they are repetitive, sonorous, didactic as well as naïve.
Ida-ida- Maguindanao
Tulang Pambata- Tagalog
Cansiones para abbing- ibanag
Lullabyes or Ili-ili- Iloilo
Harana or serenade- Cebu

Famous artworks during pre-colonial era

1. Carving
•Bulul (Cordillera) is a granary deity who plays an important role in rituals.

• Hagabi (Ifugao) - A wooden bench.

•Santos / carvings of saints (Laguna and Pampanga).
•The legendary sarimanok, the naga or snake, Okir (Tausug/Samal/Badjao).

•Manunggul Jar located at Palawan's Manunggul Cave.

 2. Weaving
• Textile weaving
a. Pis siyabit (Sulu's Tausug) A woven headpiece
b. Malong The Malong (Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
• Mat and basket weaving
a. A double-layered Tepo mat (Sama of Tawi-Tawi) made from Pandan leaves.
b. Ovaloid basket (Itbayat, Batanes) A nito or nito head sling
c. Bubo (Ilocos region) is a durable strip of bamboo used to catch fish.

3. Ornamentation - Images of different classes of ethnolinguists.

a. Wearing jewelry made of gold (upper class Tagalog).

b. It is believed that tattooing (Visayan) protects the person from evil spirits, and is also a symbol of courage
and maturity.

The following are the native dance forms imitated from the movements of the animals:

1. The dance of Pangalay (Sulu) mimics the gestures of sea birds.

2. The movements of prey birds are imitated by Mandaya' Kinabua, Banog- banog (Higaonon & B'laan), and
ma- manok (Bagobos in Mindanao).

3. The action of wild fowls mimics the Talip dance (Ifugao) used for courtship.
4. Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli) represent the comedic movement of the monkey
5. Tinikling dance evocative of the movements of the crane, balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flirting away
from the clutches of bamboo traps.

Philippine Art during Hispanic Conquest

Important Happenings related to art during the Spanish era

• Colonial churches were constructed.

• Western musical instruments, pipe organs, violin, guitar, and piano were added.
• PASYON- is primarily a Religious narrative poetry which recounts the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus
Crist.

• Secular music was formed; the Awit and Korido were the two types of music focused on European history and
literature.
• Mangyans rendered the baybayin script of bamboo poles cut into smaller nodes used to write short poems,
expressing one's emotions and other emotional concerns. Pomp and pageantry of religious processions was
introduced.
• Zarzuela was introduced, an opera featuring singing and dancing with a near dialogue that allowed the story to
be performed in a song. They wrote zarzuela in Tagalog.
• Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were rewarded as the most distinguished playwrights.
• Honorata "Atang" de la Rama is regarded as the most renowned leading actress.
 • The first Senakulo was composed by Gaspar Aquino de Belen in 1704. Komedya, komedya de santo (centered
on Christ's life) and Secular Komedya were also added.
• Folk dances have been added, such as carinosa, pandango, polka, dansa, rigodon, habanera, and tango.
• Visual arts and paintings must be the center of the Catholic commitment to the visual understanding of biblical
scriptures, ex. Planet and Hell in Heaven by Jose Dans ( 1850).
• In the Philippines, Doctrina Christiana is an example of the first printed book collecting song lyrics,
commandments, sacraments, and other catechetical material. Reprographic art has been applied to
printmaking.
• Juan Luna (Spolarium) won gold and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo (Virgenes christianas expuestos al populacho)
won silver.

AMERICAN ERA (1898-1939)

Famous Artist during the American era

1. Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) Juan Abad (1902)
2. Hindi ako Patay (Iam Not Dead) Juan Matapang Cruz (1903)
3. Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow).

(The three artists above stressed a deep yearning for independence in their works.)

4.Lino Castillejo (author) - Authored “A modern Filipina”, the first Filipino play written in English.
6. Daniel Burnham (architect) - Designs for Manila and Baguio.
7. Burnham Plan - Implanted William Parsons - neoclassical architecture used for urban design.
8. Thomas Mapua's - He was the first registered architect in the Philippines and first worked at the Philippine Bureau
of Public Works.
9. Andres Luna de San Pedro Architects - Built the first air-conditioned building in the
Philippines, the Crystal Arcade one of the popular tenant of Manila Stock Exchange.
10. Antonio Toledo designed - The architect responsible for the design of the current Manila City Hall which
exhibits a Neoclassical style.
11. Fabian dela Rosa (Naturalist Painter)-Planting Rice (1921), El Kundimanan ( 1930) 12. Amorsolo Fernado
- Dalagang Filipina, romantic painter, idyllic landscapes, historical art.
- The Independent Graphic Artist-The Philippine Readers (book) ( newspaper).
- Designer logo - Ginebra San Miguel.

JAPANESE ERA (1941 – 1945)

Famous artist and their artworks during the Japanese era

1. Fernando Amorsolo (painting)
- Harvest scene, 1942
- Rice Plating, 1942
- Bombing of the Intendencia (1942)
- Ruins of Manila Cathedral (1945)
2. Sylvia La Torre (song) - Sa kabukiran
3. Levi Celerio (composer)
- Sa Kabukiran
 4. Felipe P. de Leon (composer)
- Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas
5. Crispin Lopez (painting)
- Study of an Aeta (1943)
6. Diosdado Lorenzo (painting)
- Atrocities in Paco
7. Dominador Castaneda (painting)
Doomed Family (1945)