III.

Spanish Colonial
(1521-1898)
Style and Culture
Religious Art, Lowland
Christian Art or Folk art
Lowland Christian
Architecture
Art
Sculpting Engraving
Music
Literature
Theater
Visual Art
 Architecture
1. Plaza Complex
The complex was
designed as the town
center and consisted
of the municipio or
local government
office and church
 Architecture
2. Cruciform
Churches
Following the shape
of the Latin cross
churches were built
 Architecture
3. Baroque Style
Characterized by
grandeur, drama,
elaborate details that
purposely appealed to
the emotions
 Architecture
Seen in San Agustin Church in
Manila, Morong Church in Rizal,
Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte and
Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church
in Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo
San Agustin Church in Manila
Morong Church in Rizal

Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao Ilo-Ilo

Baroque Style
 Architecture
3. Colonial Baroque or Philippine or
Tropical Baroque
Fusion of both native and
European elements
 Architecture
To suit the native's sensibilities local
intervention was made. The facade of
Miag-ao Church features St. Christopher
surrounded by reliefs or relleves having
tropical motifs life palm fronds and papaya
trees
 Architecture
The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the
construction of thick buttresses or wing-like
projections reinforce the church structure to
make it more resistant to Earthquakes
Sculpting Engraving
1. Santos
From Western model to
Chinese features and
techniques with Greek
and Roman classical
influence
 Santos
Greek and Roman classical
influence is seen in the
proportion and formality of
expression of a santo and
baroque style in the expressive
and emotional characteristics of
the santo.
 Sculpting Engraving
2. Retablo
Integrates architecture and
sculpture and is often
embellisehed with rosettes,
scrolls, pediments and solomonic
columns which may be gilded or
polychromed
Sculpting Engraving
1. Via Crucis
series of 14 paintings or
relief structures depicting
Christ's crucifixion
resurrection
 Sculpting Engraving
2. Trompe l'oeil
a French word meaning
“fooling the eye” it refers
to painting that give a
heightened illusion of
three- dimensionality
Sculpting Engraving
3. Relleves
Carved figurative
protusions
Sculpting Engraving
4. Plateria
organic designs of
hammered silver
 Music
1. Western Musical
Instruments
Pipe organ violin guitar
piano
 Music
2. Catholic Lithurgical
Music
Introduced in 1742 by
the then Archbishop of
Manila Juan Rodriguez
Angel
 Music
The Santo Domingo and
San Agustin convents taught
choral music to young boys
including Filipino composers
like Marcelo Ardonay
(1848-1928)
 Music
3. Pasyon or Pabasa
Biblical narration of
Christ's passion
chanted in improvised
melody
 Music
4. Awit and Corrido
Musical forms were
chanted stories based
on European Literature
and history
 Music
5. Balitao
Sentimental love songs
 Music
5. Kundiman
usually spoke of
resignation and fatalism
became a vehicle for
resistance
 Music
Kundiman ni Abdon, a
kundiman which
became a feature of
protests actions against
Martial Law and Bayan
Ko
 Literature
Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo
poles are turn into smaller nodes and are
etched with Baybayin used to compose
short poems of courtship and emotional
concerns
 Literature
In Ticao Leyte a huge stone was discovered
that contained baybayin writing believed to
be an invocation for a safe journey by sea.
 Literature
1. Cathecism and
Prayer books
 Theater
1. Religious Processions
Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
Senakulo
Komedya
Moro-moro
 Processions
Earliest forms of theater were
replaced by the pomp and
pageantry of religious
processions complete with
embellished carrozas
containing religious tableaus
of Catholic saints and scenes
from the Bible
 Zarzuela
A popular form of musical
theater from Spain imported
during the 19th century it is an
opera which feautes singing
and dancing interspersed with
prose dialogue which allowed
the story to be carried out in
song
 Zarzuela
Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan
arethe most distinguished playwrights of their
day and Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (National
Artist for Theater and Music,awarded 1987) as
their most celebrated leading actress
 Senakulo
Written in 1704 by Gaspar
Aquino de Belen its narrative
was culled entirely from the
Biblical account of Christ's
passion and death on the
cross adapted into verse form
and translated into local
language.
 Komedya
Depicts the conflict
between the Muslims
and Christians.
1. Komedya de Santo
or Religious Komedya
2. Secular Komedya
-Moro-moro
Folk Music and Dance
cariñosa
pandango
polka
dansa
rigodon
 Secular Art
1.Carta Hydrographica y
Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas
The first scientific map of the
Philippines
In 1734 the Jesuit Priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde
collaboarated with artists Francisco Suarez and
engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to make Carta
Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas they were the first to acknowledge their
role as artist.
Other known engravers include Laureano Atlas and
Felipe Sevilla who produced religious images
Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas
Filipinas
 2.Flora de Filipinas
an extensive
compilation of Philippine
plants by Augustinian
botanist Fr. Manuel
Blanco
 Visual Arts
1. Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850)
a mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church
Laguna
2. Two versions of San Cristobal
3. Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva
 Basi Revolt
Heaven, Earth,
Esteban Villanueva
and Hell (1850)

Two versions of San Cristobal

 The opening of Manila to
international trade and the Suez
Canal in1869 gained economic
benefits for the native elites
Religious art persisted like:
1. Music
development inside the church
through Marcelo Adonay and his
compositions based on the
Western tradition.
 Religious art
persisted like:

2. Viriña
a bell shaped
glass where
santos are placed
 Religious art
persisted like:

3. Urna
a humble domestic
version of retablo often
attributed to the artists
of Visayan region
The rise of new elite
in art
1. Bahay na bato
2. Paintings
 Paintings
1. Miniaturist Style
meticulous details that signify the
wealth and refinement of the sitter
 Paintings
Portrait of the Quiazon Family 1800
documents the family's affluence: the
magnificent interior of the family's house,
the mother's jewelry the delicate fabric
and embroidery of their clothing and their
dignified poses
 Painting
Other known painters of the same style
are Antonio Malantic, Isidro Arceo,
Dionisio De Castro, and Justiniano
Asuncion
 Paintings
2. Letras y Figuras
combining names of
individuals and
vignettes of
everyday life
 Paintings
Jose Honorato
Lozano
 Paintings
3. Academic Paintings
championed European academic
styles
 Paintings
In 1821 Damian Domingo established the
first art school in the country right at his
studio in Binondo Manila,Academia de
Dibujo, which eventually became absorbed
by Real Sociedad Economica Filipina de
Amigos del Pais where he serve as director
 Paintings
Features chiaroscuro or the play of light and
the dark and the contrast between them to
heighten the compositon's sense of drama
 Paintings
Juan Luna won gold for Spolarium and Felix
Hidalgo won silver for Virgenes Christianas
Expuestas Al Populacho in Madrid Exposition.
 Paintings
Virgenes Christianas
Expuestas Al
Populacho currently on
long-term loan to
National Art Gallery in
Singapore is a part of
the Metropolitan
Museum of Manila or
MET Collection
 Paintings
Spolarium may be
viewed at the National
Art Gallery of the
Philippines
 Paintings
España y Filipinas is
at the Lopez
Museum
 Paintings
3. Genre Paintings
Painting of scenes from everyday
life, of ordinary people in work or
recreation, depicted in a generally
realistic manner.
 Paintings
Simon Flores' Primeras Letras
1890