ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET

Engineering and Technology

COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year_2023-2024____

Course Code: CE 4216

Course Title: Construction Methods and Project Management
Group 6

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA)

- is a process that breaks down and identifies the dangers of a particular job
operation or task by integrating health and safety practices to reduce the potential
hazard to the workers. A job safety analysis suggests the safest way to perform a
job.

- Job Safety Analysis includes careful examination of each task within a job and
documentation of the same to determine the possible safety hazard. Thereafter, a
step-by-step process is laid to control the risk level.

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS WORKSHEET

Title of operation: SOP/SWP No:
Position/Title: Building:
Department Section:

BASIC STEPS POTENTIAL PROCEDURE TO SAFETY

HAZARDS BE FOLLOWED PRECAUTIONS
(DOs) (DON’Ts)

Prepared by: Date:

Approved by: Date:
H&S Rep/Committee Reviewed: Date:
Next review date:
Job Safety Analysis in Construction Projects
A construction project consists of innumerable tasks. The work environment on the sites
is constantly changing and prone to high risks, which cannot be eliminated completely
but can be mitigated.
Job Safety Analysis is a lean approach to the management of safety in the construction
industry. By identifying the risk-prone activities, diligent planning and efforts are put
into execution to increase the safety level on site.
The laborers have to often indulge in working at heights, scaffolding, crane operations,
trenching, electrical works, etc. These works should be reviewed by the health and safety
inspector or construction manager.
The work should be broken down into smaller jobs to identify the hazard for each job,
and develop a control measure for the same. This should be recorded throughout the
lifecycle of the project, and as the work progresses, the JSA should be updated
accordingly. The JSA should be reviewed and approved before the commencement of the
job.
What activities require a Job Safety Analysis?
Although a job safety analysis can be done for many activities, priority should be given
to the following activities:
1. Activities known for the highest injury/illness rates.

2. Activities or jobs with no room for error, as the slightest lapse could lead to a fatal
accident.

3. New activities or modified activities having new procedures.

4. Complex activities requiring written instructions.

5. Any activity with the slightest potential of being fatal.

Steps to create a Job Safety Analysis report

The process to formulate a JSA report comprises of four steps:

1. Select the job or task to be analyzed:

- Identify the specific job or task that needs to be evaluated for potential safety
hazards.
2. Break down the job into basic steps:
- Observe the job being performed and break it down into a sequence of individual
steps or tasks.
3. Identify potential hazards:
- For each step, identify any potential hazards, unsafe conditions, or actions that could
lead to an incident or injury.
4. Assess the risks:
- Evaluate the severity and likelihood of each identified hazard to determine the level of
risk.
5. Determine control measures:
- Identify appropriate control measures, such as engineering controls, administrative
controls, or personal protective equipment (PPE), to mitigate or eliminate the identified
risks.
6. Document the JSA:
- Compile the information gathered in the previous steps into a JSA report, which
typically includes the following:
- Job or task description
- Sequence of basic job steps
- Identified hazards for each step
- Assessed risk levels
- Recommended control measures
7. Review and update the JSA:
- Periodically review and update the JSA to ensure it remains relevant and effective,
especially if there are changes to the job, equipment, or work environment.

Benefits of Job Safety Analysis

1. Health and safety awareness amongst the entire team is created. The
communication among the supervisor and laborers gets better, and acceptance of
safe work procedures is promoted.

2. Training improves the knowledge of safety requirements among the employees.

Thus, simultaneously training documentation is also done.

3. The likelihood of injury is reduced. This can add to accident-free man-hours on

the sites. Companies often boast about the same with pride.

4. The written operating procedures can serve as guidance for initial training or
infrequent activities. It sets a standard for observing safety measures on the site.

5. Further, it helps in performing extensive investigations of accidents.

A job safety analysis has many notable benefits in the construction industry, such as
those detailed below:

1. Prevent Hazardous Condition

- Utilizing a job safety analysis tool helps construction companies prevent and
control each potentially hazardous condition that may be present at a job
site, preventing accidents.
2. Creates a visual aid
- The act of using and engaging with a job safety analysis tool is a great visual
aid for employees. By breaking down a job or process into a clear sequence
 of steps, employees can gain an even deeper comprehension of the job and
exactly is needed to perform it safely. It can also be a great tool for new
employees and can improve their new hire orientation.
3. Helps Meet Safely Standards
4. Improves Communication
- When completing a job safety analysis, many levels within a company about
health and safety. It can enable better communication and promote
continuous improvement surrounding safety.

Why is JSA important?

- Job safety analysis is important for identifying the dangers of a particular job
operation or task.

What are the benefits of Job Safety Analysis?

- Benefits include improving communication, setting safety standards, employee
training, and prevention of hazards.

SAFE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND VEHICLES- Hazard and control

Hazards
The hazards faced by people while moving around the workplace can be divided into
three main groups:
1. Slips, trips and falls- same level, changing levels, from height (including holes)’

2. Collisions- Moving vehicles, falling object or striking a fixed object.

3. Environmental Damage- noise, heat or harmful substances in the air.

Risks Assessment for Pedestrians

The following are the factors that identify the hazards faced the pedestrian:
1. The natural patterns of movement, including the public, inside the workplace and
around it.

2. Other patterns of movement, whether authorized or not, and which can be

reasonably predicted, such as shortcut.

3. Needs of visually or hearing impaired, people in wheelchairs, pregnant women

elderly and children.

4. Persons not normally on the premises. Ex: contractor and visitor.

5. The impact of different weather conditions.

6. The input of maintenance strategy and processes. Ex: repairing floor surface and
changing light bulbs.

7. Accidents and incidents reports.

8. The effectiveness, in practice of existing measures and systems of works.

Some key considerations for risk assessment related to pedestrian:
1. Pedestrian exposure
- Identify areas with high pedestrian traffic, such as crosswalks, school zones, and
commercial districts.
2. Vehicle traffic
- Evaluate the volume, speed, and patterns of vehicle traffic in the vicinity of
pedestrian’s areas.
3. Visibility and sight lines
- Assess the visibility of pedestrians for drivers, considering factors like lighting,
obstructions, and weather conditions.
4. Infrastructure and design
- Evaluate the adequacy of pedestrian infrastructure, such as sidewalks,
crosswalks, signals, and signage.
5. Pedestrian behavior
- Observe and assess common pedestrian behaviors, such as jaywalks, distracted
walking, and disregard for traffic signals.
6. Environmental factor
- Consider the impact of environmental conditions, such as weather, lightning, and
terrain, on pedestrian safety.
7. Vulnerable populations
- Identify and evaluate the risks faced by vulnerable pedestrians, such as children,
elderly, and individuals with disabilities.

USE OF SIGNS
Signs must conform to the health and safety (Safety sign and signals) regulations in
1996 respect of:
1. Prohibitions- ex: No pedestrian access, no naked lights.

2. Warnings- ex: falling objects, wet floor.

3. Mandatory actions- ex: PPE

4. Safe conditions- ex: emergency exits

VEHICLE OPERATIONS
The hazards involved in vehicles operations in the workplace may be divided into three
groups:
1. Loss of controls- the vehicle is not under full control of the driver.

2. Overturning- Tipping over of the vehicle, font, back or side.

3. Collisions- Other vehicles, pedestrians or fixed objects.

OVERTURNING
 Lateral instability onto its side and longitudinal instability onto its front or back.

These risks are increased by:

 1. Speed of travel

2. Steepness of the slope

3. Centre of gravity

4. Increased tyre pressure

5. Any external pressure. Ex: wind

6. Presence and size of, any bumps or hole in the surface.

CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SAFE VEHICLES OPERATIONS

*Risk Assessment:
1. Patterns and volumes of traffics, including access to and egress from it to the
public roads.

2. The types of vehicles on the premises.

3. The types of operations being moved.

4. The need to segregate vehicles and pedestrians.

5. The impact of different weather conditions.

6. The local environment (conditions of the reads, lighting and site lines).

TRAFFIC ROUTES
*All routes used by vehicles should be:
1. Clearly marked.

2. Segregated from pedestrians.

3. Of adequate space for all forms of vehicle movement.

4. Wide enough and high enough for the longest vehicle used.

5. Volume of traffic needs to be considered. Ex: two lane routes, passing places, lane
separation.

6. Adequate spaces for vehicles entering or exiting the site.

MANAGEMENT OF VEHICLE MOVEMENTS

- As far as possible, reversing should be eliminated. Ex: one way, turning areas or
traffic lights.

- Speed limits should be set and enforced (speed reducing measures and signs)

- Parking for all vehicles.

 A vehicles movement around the longitudinal, transverse and vertical axis are
called rolling, pitching and yawing.
 Vehicle Movement Hazards and Control Measures

1. Driving too fast

2. Reversing
3. Operation of Machinery
4. Poor Visibility
5. Loading
6. Overloading
7. Unloading
8. Securing and sheeting
9. Coupling
10. Maintenance Work

LOADING AND UNLOADING

*Loading procedures should ensure that:

a. Adequate space to all parts of the vehicles also above.

b. The time unloaded materials are left lying should be minimized.

c. Vehicles not loaded beyond capacity or legal limits of gross weight.

d. Vehicle floor checked for soundness.

e. Loads evenly distributed and secured.

f. Tail and side boards are closed.

g. Overhangs kept to a minimum and clear marked.

PRECAUTIONS UNLOADING
- Loads stability checked before ropes or tarpaulins removed.

- Loads should remain as stable and evenly distributed as possible while unloading.

SITE RULES
- When a vehicle is not in use, keys should be kept in a secured place. End of shift
(Engine of brakes applied. Battery operated vehicles should have batteries
disconnected)

- Vehicles should be parked in a safe place and not obstructing emergency exits,
other routes fire equipment or electricity panels.

- Not left on a gradient. If it has to be left or parked in an emergency, should be left

in neutral, parking brake applied and wheels chocked to prevent unexpected
movement.

- Horns should be used at every potential danger point. Ex: doorways and blind
corners.
Member:
Otana, Mary Grace B.
Dulnuan, Angelica
Butale, Kate B.
Pagdawan, Analiza C.
Ataman, Jeferson
Gamdutan, Sawie I.