What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the Fire Hazards. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is intended to equip you with knowledge or skill in:

 Recognize elements of the fire triangle in different situations ;
 Analyze the different causes of fires; and
 Observe precautionary measures and proper procedures in addressing
a fire incident.

What I Know

Pre-Test
Activity 1 “Multiple Choice”
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose and write the letter of your
correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. It is needed to start and continue the combustion process.

a. Heat c. Fire
b. Fuel d. Fire and Smoke
2. What are the two hazards needed to be dealt with when fire breaks
out?
a. Fire Hazards c. Natural and Man-made
b. Fire and Smoke d. Fire Triangle
3. They are butts that are not properly put out and are thrown carelessly
that can spark fire.
a. Man-made cause: Electrical Wirings
b. Man-made cause: Unattended ignition sources
c. Man-made cause: Cigarettes
d. Man-made cause: Chemicals at Home
4. It is a model that shows the three essential components that when
present together can start a fire.
a. Fire Hazards c. Oxidation
b. Fire and Smoke d. Fire Triangle
5. The Available fire extinguisher can only be used for a duration of a:
a. 1-2 hours c. 3-4 minutes
b. 15-20 seconds d. 30-40 seconds
6. How many distance should maintain when extinguishing a fire?
a. 6 meters c. 3 meters
b. 10 meters d. 5 meters
7. In cases of fire, which of the following should be rescue first?
a. All patients c. All staff
b. Those at immediate danger d. All visitors
8. What will be your position in extinguishing a fire?
a. Turn your back to the fire exit (outward)
b. Turn your back always to the north
c. Turn your face to the fire exit (inward)
d. Turn your face always to the south
9. How to put the fire out?
a. Cooling c. Smothering
b. Starvation d. All of the above
10. Who will evacuate first when a fire breaks out?
a. Ambulant Patients c. Non-Ambulant Patients
b. Semi-Ambulant patients d. None of the Above

Lesson
1 Fire Hazard

What’s In

Activity 1 “Recall Fire Hazards”

Directions: Recall the latest fire incident in your province or in your
community.
Affected Area Impact/Damages Suggested
Precautionary
Measures

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 What’s New
Activity 2
Direction: Fill in the table below on the description of each
classes of fire.

Classification of Fire Description

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D

Activity 3

Direction: Answer the following questions below.

1. What is fire?
2. What are the causes of fire?
3. What is the classification of fire?
4. How fire is created?

What is It

FIRE HAZARDS

Characteristics of Fire
 Fire is a living, breathing process that is commonly referred to as the
process of combustion. Combustion is the self-sustaining process of
rapid oxidation of a fuel, which produces light and heat.
 Fire is the result of this rapid combustion reaction. Fire needs 3 items
to survive and sustain combustion: fuel, heat and oxygen. These
three things combined create the chemical chain reaction that causes
combustion; the result is fire. Remove any 1 of these three items and
the chain of combustion is broken and the fire is extinguished.
 Removal of Fuel example: Turning the source off (natural gas) from a
BBQ fire will cease the fire.
 Removal of Heat example: Turning the element off on a stove with a
pot of grease on it will decrease the extent of the fire and if given time
will extinguish itself.
 Removal of Oxygen example: Putting a lid on the same pot of grease
will smother the fire and remove the oxygen, thus extinguishing the
fire.

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https://fireprevention.utexas.edu/firesafety/abcs-fire-extinguishers

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 How Fire Extinguishers Work?

Portable fire extinguishers apply

an extinguishing agent that will cool
the burning fuel, displace or remove
oxygen, or stop the chemical reaction
so a fire cannot continue to burn.
When the handle of an extinguisher
is compressed, it opens an inner
canister of high pressure gas that
forces the extinguishing agent from
the main cylinder through a siphon
tube and out the nozzle.

Important Facts about Fire

Extinguishers and Their Use:

- The extinguisher must be right for the type of fire.

- It must be located where it can be easily reached.
- It must be in good working order. - The fire must be discovered
while it is still small.
- The person using the extinguisher must be trained to use it
properly.

THE TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

https://www.artisanfire.co.uk/how-to-choose-the-correct-fire-extinguisher/

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 COMMON FIRE HAZARDS
 Electric wires, loose connections, old electrical equipment , octopus
wiring connection
 Cooking and heat generating appliances
 All works and situation where fire is essential such as wielding,
cutting metal and casting, etc.
 Improper storage of tools and items at the end of the day’s work
 Smoking and personal lighters and matches
 Fireworks, pyro-techniques, explosives
 Improper and unauthorized storage of flammable and hazardous
materials
 Insufficient numbers of emergency exits and stairs
 Hindrance to sight or reach fire extinguisher, and alarm systems
 Insufficient numbers and types of Fire Extinguisher
 Absence of Fire detection and alarm system
 Violation of building and fire codes

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

a. KITCHEN STOVES
--left unattended, electric cords, curtains, tea towels, oven
cloths close to the stove top
b. FAULTY WIRING
--installation was not done by qualified electrician, capacity
overload, and if switches and correct fuses were not installed
c. SMOKING IN BED
--tiny embers can smolder unnoticed and burst into flame
d. LIGHTING
--poor light fittings cause heat build-up, lampshades are so close
to light globes, not properly insulated from wood paneling or ceiling timbers
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 e. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
--such as petrol, kerosene are not stored properly, storage
should be away from heat, unsafe handling and use
f. CANDLES
--when left unattended, sleep with a burning candle and
curtains close to candles
g. Chemicals, Bomb explosion, Lighted matchsticks, Cigarettes

BASIC RESPONSE DURING FIRE

1. RESCUE—immediate rescue the people in the area of smoke or fire, make

them aware the fire alarm activation
2. ALARM—activate nearest fire alarm station, call the Police or Fire
Department Authorities
3. CONTAIN—contain the smoke or fire by closing all the windows and
doors, rooms, stairways and corridors (control smoke/fire from
spreading)
4. EXTINGUISH– using appropriate fire extinguisher if the fire is small,
contained, and not spreading
5. RELOCATE—relocate to safe area when inside the building, keep away
on the building, do not use the elevators within the building as means of
exit. Use stairways, only.
6. SECURE– secure important documents, money, heirlooms when fire
breaks out inside your own residence.

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 What’s More

Activity 4 “Completing the Fire Extinguisher Chart”

Direction: Put a check ( ) mark if it is applicable to the type of Fire
Extinguisher and put ( ) if it is not.

Activity 5
Directions: Write the most important learnings you have in this
module.

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 What I Can Do
Activity 6
Directions: Examine and walk around your house and
check if it is fire hazard free. Write your observations on your
answer sheet.
Home Fire Safety Checklist Observations
1. Kitchen
2. LPG
3. Safety Equipment
4. Electrical and appliances
5. Fire Escape Plan

Activity 7
Directions: Find reports of any Fire incidents in your province or
in your locality and if you can time travel during those time and
becomes a resident of the local community, how will you mitigate the
effects of this disaster at least at the family level and at most to people
living near you. Write what your thoughts and feelings below.

Activity 8 MY HOME MY SAFETY

Create a Fire Home Safety Chart and share this to your family. Below is
the example.

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 Assessment
Post Test
Activity 9 “Multiple Choice”
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose and write the letter
of your correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. The Available fire extinguisher can only be used for a duration of a:

a. 1-2 hours c. 3-4 minutes
b. 15-20 seconds d. 30-40 seconds
2. How many distance should maintain when extinguishing a fire?
a. 6 meters c. 3 meters
b. 10 meters d. 5 meters
3. In cases of fire, which of the following should be rescue first?
a. All patients c. All staff
b. Those at immediate danger d. All visitors
4. What will be your position in extinguishing a fire?
a. Turn your back to the fire exit (outward)
b. Turn your back always to the north
c. Turn your face to the fire exit (inward)
d. Turn your face always to the south
5. How to put the fire out?
a. Cooling c. Smothering
b. Starvation d. All of the above
6. When using a Fire Extinguisher, be sure to use the method.
a. On, Sweep, Hold, Aim
b. Pull, Aim , Squeeze, Sweep
c. Behind, Load, Sweep, Aim
d. Hold, Operate, Squeeze, Empty
7. It reacts with flammable vapors given off by fuels, and the reaction
releases heat. The magnitude of the fire, whether it is going to be explosive or
flammable depends on the reaction between this and fuel.
a. Oxygen c. Heat
b. Fire d. Liquid fuels
8. What type of Fire Extinguisher is use for gaseous fires?
a. Water c. Carbon Dioxide
b. Dry Powder d. Wet Chemical
9. What type of Fire Extinguisher is use for flammable liquids?
a. Water c. Carbon Dioxide
b. Dry Powder d. Wet Chemical
10. What type of Fire Extinguisher is use for cooking oils fire?
a. Water c. Carbon Dioxide
b. Dry Powder d. Wet Chemical

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 Answer Key
Pre-test

--End of Module—

References
Bagtasa, G., Dinanala, J. D., Morante, K. A., Villegas, M. M., and Zarco, M. A.
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (Teaching Guide for Senior
High School). Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education, 2013.

Department of Science and Technology. “DOST - Project NOAH.” Accessed

December 16,2020. http://noah.dost.gov.ph/

Dianala, J. D., Aurelio, M., and Tan, C. Disaster Reduction and Risk
Management –
Core Reader. Philippines: Department of Education-Bureau of Learning
Resources, 2017

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration. Accessed December 16, 2020.
https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services

Administration.
“General Flood Advisories.” Accessed December 16, 2020. http://pagasa.dost.
gov.ph/index.php/floods/general-flood-advisories

Note
:
This material is locally developed by selected writers for educational
purposes only. Although, the writer and the division office have made every
effort to ensure that the information and content in this module are accurate, the
materials still subject for continuous quality assurance for DepEd Learning
Resources Standards compliance. The circulation of the learning material shall be
limited to public schools within the jurisdiction of the Division of Tagbilaran City.
Reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited. Feedback, comments and
suggestions are welcome for the improvement of this learning material.

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