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KPLC Design-summary - Summary Kenya power Design

Kenya power Design (Institute of Energy Studies & Research)

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KPLC DESIGN
APPLICATION FOR POWER
One applies: Application form -Names, address, phone, load details
Copy of PIN certificate
Copy of I.D
Sketch of map and Plot #
For M/S & A/L copy of bill
Quotation to individual
Individual pays
Job sent finance
Job sent to wayleaves
Individual contracts & opens account-wiring certificates submitted
Service line constructed.
Meter connected and he is supplied.
REASONS FOR DESIGN
-For safety
-Proper operation
-Optimize on system
-Provide quality
-For Reliability
-To conform to standards
-To improve the economics of running.
ENGINEER‘S WORK
The Engineers are required to:
Verify customer requirements
Do Sys study and collect data i.e.
-Get S/S number, KVA and voltage ratio
-Existing n/w both HT and LV (50mm2/100mm2)
-Meter position
-Routing proposal and alternatives
-Loading on feeders and LV circuits
Do Design calculations and proposal.
Acquire wayleaves
Check/review design drawing
Prepare BOQ
Cost estimate-release of approval.
Note:
-PT is always at the right and KPLC to the left. Their crossing angle is as close to 90 degrees as
possible (for MV the minimum angle is 600 ).
-Minimum vertical clearance between a power cradle guard and PT is upto 11kv-1.22m {4ft} and
upto 66kv-1.83m {5ft}.
-Ground clearance upto 66KV as per Electric power Act is 6.10m (20ft)
-Nearest allowable distance to any structure from an overhead line is 2.13m (7ft)
-Railway crossing point minimum height including guard nets is 9.14m (30ft)

WORKING CLEARANCES
VOLTS CLEARENCE SPACING
Ft m ft m
o 0.433 1 0.305
o 11kv 3 0.9 2.5 0.762

o 33kv 4 1.2 4.3 1.321

o 66kv 6 1.8
o 132kv 15 4.6

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o 220kv
o 330kv

SURVER’S WORK
Receive MEMO from Design Engineer on proposal.
Makes strip plan 20M wide on both sides.
Makes route profile to show terrain
Upgrades the existing drawing or makes one.
WAYLEAVES
Are right of way-ROW for purposes of passage of power.
The dept is headed by Principal way leaves officer. Its biased towards central construction.
Wayleave is a form easement. Public approvals are sort from:
-Telkom
-Kenya pipeline
-Directorate of civil aviation
-Rift valley railways
-Forest dept
-KWS
-NEMA
This department acquires maps /plans for Design Engineer.
These maps include
1. Cadastral maps-1:2500 (show plot demarcation by adjudicating officers)
2. Topographical map-1:50,000 (shows terrain)
3. Road maps- Shows original road design
4. Schematic diagram- Shows the S/S and n/ws around the area
5. Market plan –Shows original market design
Steps to be followed
1. Wayleave officer acquires topographical maps for Design Engineer
2. Design Engineer proposes route on topographical map
3. Wayleave officer uses topography maps to acquire cadastral maps
4. Cadastral maps are used to draw the affected plots on the wayleave forms
5. Names of owners are found from District lands registry. Three agreements forms
are signed.
6. Two maps plus no objection letter are send to approving authority
7. The authority drafts a cover letter and signs our letter.
8. Easement is registered in the title deeds as cavieats
The wayleaves office keeps records of all this easements
Property Damage Report (PDR) is made and payment is done at the chief’s office. Notification is
done 7 days before day of pay.
Land compensation is for 66,132,220 and 330kv wayleaves.
Allowable height for plantation under a power line is 4m (12ft).

VOLTAGE{KV} CIRCUIT CORRIDOR m

11/33/66 SINGLE 10
132 SINGLE 30
220 SINGLE 40
66 DOUBLE 20
132/220 DOUBLE 40
66 2 CICUIT RUNNING 30
132/220 3 CICUIT RUNNING 60
330
TABLE 1-WAYLEAVE TRACES

Acts which affect wayleaves

2

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o Wayleave Act {cap 292}-does not include power wayleaves

o Energy Act {2007}-Covers power wayleaves
o Electric power Act {1997}
o Environment Management control and Analysis Act {1990}
o KWS Act
o Agricultural Act
o Public health Act
o Forest Act
o Local Government Act
o Physical planning Act

WORLD STANDARD KPLC TABLE 2-VOLTAGE RANGES

CLASS RANGE(KV) RANGE(KV)
HTV 230-750 330 soon
TV 52-230 220,132 & 66
MV 1-52 40 & 33
LV 0-1 0.24 & 0. 415
TYPE SIZE CORES mV/AM KVA CURRENT

Cable 16mm2 AL 1 4.4 8 43

Cable 25mm2 AL 4 2.502 60 87
Cable 70mm2 AL 4 0.933 107 155
Cable 120mm2 AL 4 0.545 145 210
Cable 185mm2 AL 4 0.369 187 270
Cable 300mm2 AL 4 0.23 246 360
Cable 600mm2 AL 1 0.106 300 434
118
Conductor 50mm2 AA - 0.54 181
Conductor 100mm2 AA - 0.27 180 271

4240
Conductor 75mm2 ACSR - - 231
Conductor 150mm2 ACSR - - 6500 355
TABLE 3-VOLTAGE DROPS FOR CABLES/CONDUCTORS
VOLTAGE DROP
LV (+,-6%)-O/H 5% and S/C 1%
MV URBAN (+,-5%)
MV RURAL (+,-10%)
Vd(V)=1000*KIL, K in mV/Am
If Vd is above limit then-Uprate-Voltage regulate-Install Capacitors-Propose a S/S

DRAFTSMAN WORK
Design Engineer gets map from draftsman and returns with the
approved proposals for his inclusion. World is divided into 1:50,000.
DRAWING # DRAWING OFFICE
SK 09910 CENTRAL
MDO MOMBASA
NY1 MT. KENYA
KSM-772 WEST REGION
ELD-003 N.RIFT
NKU C.RIFT
PDO NAIROBI REGION
TDO THIKA
TABLE 4-ORIGINS OF DRAWINGS
3

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-Termination out door-material

-Termination indoor-material

-Connector PG clamp 75-150mm2

-Execution of shutdown
COSTING -Transport
We use DCS-Design and Construction System. CODE 3
LV construction
CODES: -Poles
CODE 0
-Pole cap
Is no ordinary supervisory code but CWS-capital
-Strut pole
work supervisory and is 17.5% of total cost.
-Pole danger plates
CWS
-Fittings Inter or term 1 ph
-Transformer
Inter or term 3 ph
-LV fuse/h 1 /3 PH-Zero for customer
Section 4 way 1 ph
-Wayleaves n survey(1000)
Section 4 way 3ph
-permits(3500) and survey
Tee-off with D iron 1 ph
-Per Diem allowance
Tee-off with d iron 3 ph
-Notice for shutdown
-Line tap- LV 100AA/50-100AA or
CODE 2
100AA/70-120mm2 AL. For
For S/S
3ph T-off /Section is 5NO
-H pole structure
and for 1ph is 3NOS.
-S/S number plate
-Conductor
-Surge diverters
-Stays
-Fuses
-PME-Term, after 4 spans & span from
-MV Earthing 2 NO
Transformer
-PME
-Barbed wire
-LV Earth-one span away
-Execution of shutdown
-LV circuits
-Transport 1350-1925cc
-Fuse link wedge x3
Lorry 3-5 ton
-Protection expulsion fuse mounting
CODE 7
-Labour to install transformer
U/G Service Line
Transport- Vehicle btw 1350 & 1925cc
-Laying cable SWA-steel wire armor
Lorry more than 5 tonnes
-Hatari slabs
CODE 1
-Line tap- 50-100mm2 AA/70mm2 4/C
For MV construction
AL cable
-Poles
-Cable guard
-Pole danger plates
-Transport Vehicle btw 1350 & 1925cc
-Pole cap
Lorry 3-5 tons if no lorry in code 3
-Fitting
-Labour to install s-ph /3-PH fuse holders
-OH/UG transition
CODE 4
-Barbed wire
O/H Service line
-SD
-Stringing cable Concentric
-ABS
-T-off one wire
-Metering CB
-Terminal on wall/on angle iron one wire
-Conductor
-Line tab 50mm2AA/16 mm2 al cable
-Cable
-Transport Vehicle btw 1350 & 1925cc
-2 MV Earthing
Lorry 3-5 tons if no lorry in code 3
-Stays
-Cable guards
-Labour to install S-ph/3ph fuse holders
-Trench and refill
CODE 5
-Hatari slubs
-Recovery costs-transformer, poles, conductor,
-Outdoor heat shrinks
fittings
-Indoor heat shrinks
-OH/UG transition structure
CODE 6
-Surge diverters
-Cost of recovered materials
-Expulsion fuses

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THE DCS
ID train1
PASSWORD open
REFERENCE 121002008032952
1-Reinforcement
E-New power
A-Additional
T-Rerouting
R-Rural Electrification
C-Customer creation e.g. umeme pamoja

COST ESTIMATES
Log in

Click on Work Request Design-Blue in colour

On design window type scheme type and reference
Click on ENTER
On the work request design fill in the white spaces
Click on Tech report and fill white space
Click on SAVE
Click on TICK and YES
Click on General
Click on TICK and YES
Click on Cost estimates
Right click in space and ADD {can also click on OPEN}
Click on red icon
Double click on categories
Repeat until all codes are done
Click on SAVE
-Double click on code to view details
-LV circuits in transformer group
-Fittings in Installations
-Line taps in joints
-Cable guard in conductors
-Labour to install fuse holders in LV service F

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LV DESIGN
Single phase span 60m and three phase 50m
Put a stay at Tee-off, Section and terminal.
Put PME at after every 4 spans, terminal and span from transformer,
Distance from pole base to stay or strut {4m} is 2.3m minimum.
At site the Design Engineer is required to:
-Verify customer requirements
-Get S/S number, KVA and voltage ratio
-Existing n/w both HT and LV (50mm2/100mm2)
-Meter position
-Routing proposal and alternatives
-Loading on feeders and LV circuits

FUSE GRADING
Protective Fault Current {PFC} at furthest customer on line is found in graphs.
IFAULT=1/4(PFC) –Fuse operates at four times the PFC.
Minimum value
Also the fuse should be able to carry the full load current
IFLC=KVA(Total Load on circuit)/{KV*1.732}.
IFAULT >IFUSE>IFLC
Available fuse sizes are 63,100,125,160,200,315,415,600

Fuse cott excel sheet available makes work easier.

MV DESIGN
HT spans 100m with HT Earth after 4 span and
at points of ABS, OH and UG transition.
Sag templates are also used to determine the spans which will produce the required earth
clearance.
NOTE:
o Increase in ASCR diameter-reduce MV loss& motor KVA
o Increase in ASCR length-increase MV loss& motor KVA
o Increase in AA diameter-increase MV loss& motor KVA
o Increase in AA length- reduce MV loss & motor KVA
o Increase in AL diameter-increase MV loss & motor KVA
o Increase in AL length- reduce MV loss & motor KVA
HT METERING
Customer load is 80% of KPLC transformer loading.
-identify load current
-identify feeder present loading
-identify correct feeder size
-identify correct transformer size

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POLES
Wooden poles standard is KS02-516 and for concrete is DKS1933
LV Wooden poles Light, Medium or Stout 8, 9.8, 11, 12.2m
The default pole 9.8m.
MV Wooden poles Light 11, 12.2m
Medium 11, 12.2, 13.7m
Stout 11, 12.2 13.7, 15.2, 16.7m
Concrete poles 11, 12, 13, 14, 15m
The default pole for 11kv is 11mm.
The default pole for 33kv is 12.2mm.

Size m Hole m Hole ft

o 8 1.4 4.5
o 9.8 1.5 5.0
o 10 1.6 5.2
o 11 1.8 6.0
o 12 2.0 6.5
o 14 2.2 7.2

Concrete poles 5 times expensive but have infinite life. This results in reduced
maintenance costs. Wooden poles have 50 years life span.
POLE FORMATIONS
INTER (Intermediate) angle less than 100
DXA (Double Cross Arm) - 10-200

VFA (Vertical Flying Angle) - 20-450

V/S (Vertical Section) - More than 450
H/S (Horizontal Section) - 0-600. When we want to put A/B, Autoreclosure or cable ends.
Every outgoing feeder to customer must have Autoreclosure.
H-P (H-Pole)-Distance 130-230m
3MP-(3 Member Pole) Distance 230-320m
TEE-OFF- Branching from main line.
TERMINAL- End of each line.
INSULATORS
Shackle insulators- for LV O/H lines
Pin insulators for angle less than 100
Disc {porcelain or glass} insulators where there is tension.
Composite {Resin/silicon rubber-polymer} – Self healing after lightning strike.
Also it is easy to install.
Line post insulators- mainly for 66KV and in populated areas

MOTOR STARTING
ISC=100*IFLC/%x
KVASC=100*KVABASE/%x

For a 6% VD
Highest DOL motor in KVA is 6*KVASC / (100*7)

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S/D motor is 6*KVASC/ (100*2.5)

RURAL ELECTRIFICATION {R.E}

R.E formed by 1973 act of parliament. KPLC is the implementing agency for the ministry
of energy. R.E drafts answers to parliament questions.
R.E Schemes are cheaper than commercial rates
Scheme-TS
Project-TS, NYS, Utalii
Program-Stabex phase 1
There are four sections of the R.E namely
o Off grid systems- All except Lamu and Garissa units
o Donor funded office- Are being undertaken by ABB.
Spanish projects Phase 1-ended in 2000 and costed 880m
Phase 2-ended 2002 and costed 890m
Phase 3-Is in design stage 14m
AFD-French funded Phase 1-ended in 2003 and costed 1.4B
Phase 2-is in implementation stage costing 2.8B
Stabex (Stabilization of export)-European Union Funded
Phase 1-ennded 2003 costed 0.4B
Phase 2-in design stage
o Local funded office From 1889 to 2002 it consumed 15B
o Finance
Sources of funds include –MOE exchequer-Donors-REP levy
Construction can be done through
-KPLC teams
-Labour and Transport {L & T} contracts
-Proper Turnkey
-Partial Turnkey-KPLC + Contractors
R.E DESIGN GUIDELINES
1. Supply facility under MOE approval
2. supply all public utilities within reach of the transformer meant for 1 above
3. supply public utilities enroute to 1 above
Public utilities here include:
-Secondary schools
-Markets
-Hospitals
-Public boreholes
A complete scheme must have
1. Regions approval
2. Cadastral map or strip plan
3. Topographical map
4. Schematic diagram
5. DCS –Technical report and general estimate. Their reference number must start
with R
6. Pole schedule
7. Motor starting
8. Percentage voltage drop
9. Copy of MOE approval

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FOUNDATIONS
Types of supports are single and self support.
Point of fulcrum in the soil from surface of ground is h=H/21/2
Bending

Table 8: 11kV Transformers and corresponding recommended expulsion fuse ratings

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