Grade 12

Mathematics

Maths and Science Infinity

CAPS Syllabus
Analytical Geometry
Analytical Geometry
Solutions

Felix Pagona Asitandile Yanxa Thulani Mjikwa

Senior Facilitator Lead Facilitator Senior Facilitator

Activity 1
1.1 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

−3 + 2 0 − 1
𝑀( ; )
2 2

1 1
𝑀 (− ; − )
2 2

1.2 Midpoint of BD:

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

0 − 1 −3 + 2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

1 1
𝑀 (− ; − )
2 2

AC and BD have the same midpoint, ∴ AC and BD bisect each other.

1.3 𝑚𝐴𝐷 × 𝑚𝐶𝐷

0−2 2+1
= ×
−3 − 0 0 − 2

= −1

𝑚𝐴𝐷 × 𝑚𝐶𝐷 = −1

̂ 𝐶 = 90°
∴ 𝐴𝐷

1.4 ̂ C = 90°
AD Vertex at the right-angle

Diagonals AC and BD bisect each other

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴𝐷 = √(−3 − 0)2 + (0 − 2)2 → √13

𝐴𝐵 = √(−3 + 1)2 + (0 + 3)2 → √13

2
 𝐶𝐷 = √(0 − 2)2 + (2 + 1)2 → √13

𝐵𝐶 = √(−1 − 2)2 + (−3 + 1)2 → √13

All four sides are equal.

1.5 3
𝑚𝐶𝐷 = −
2

tan 𝜃 = 𝑚𝐶𝐷

3
𝜃 = tan−1 (− ) + 180°
2

𝜃 = 123,69°

1.6 𝑂𝐶 = √(0 − 2)2 + (0 + 1)2

𝑂𝐶 = √5

𝑂𝐶 > 𝑟

∴ C lies outside the circle.

Activity 2
2.1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

1−0
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
6−3
1
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
3

2.2 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

1
𝑦 − 6 = (𝑥 − 1)
3
1 17
𝑦= 𝑥+
3 3

3
2.3 1 17
𝑡 = (7) +
3 3

∴𝑡=8

2.4 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴𝐷 = √(7 − 1)2 + (8 − 6)2 → 2√10

𝐵𝐶 = √(6 − 3)2 + (1 − 0)2 → √10

𝐴𝐵 = √(3 − 1)2 + (0 − 6)2 → 2√10

2.5 𝑚𝐴𝐷 × 𝑚𝐶𝐷

6−0 1
= ×
1−3 3

= −1

𝑚𝐴𝐷 × 𝑚𝐶𝐷 = −1

∴ 𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐵𝐶

2.6 1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = ℎ(𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 ||𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠)
2
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = (2√10)(2√10 + √10)
2

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑖𝑢𝑚 = 30 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 2

2.7 tan 𝜃 = 𝑚

1
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
3

𝜃 = 18,43°

4
Activity 3
3.1 tan 𝜃 = 𝑚𝐴𝐵

tan 45° = 𝑚𝐴𝐵

𝑚𝐴𝐵 = 1

3.2 3−0
1=
1−𝑡

1−𝑡 =3

𝑡 = −2

3.3 𝐴𝐶 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

√50 = √(𝑝 − 1)2 + (−4 − 3)2

50 = 𝑝2 − 2𝑝 + 1 + 49

𝑝2 − 2𝑝 = 0

𝑝(𝑝 − 2) = 0

𝑝=0 or 𝑝=2

∴𝑝=2

3.4 −2 + 2 0 − 4
𝑀( ; )
2 2

𝑀(0; −2)

3.5 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

𝑦 + 4 = 1(𝑥 − 2)

𝑦 =𝑥−6

5
Activity 4
4.1 2−0
𝑚𝑃𝑄 =
0−4
1
𝑚𝑃𝑄 = −
2

4.2 0+4 2+0

𝐴( ; )
2 2

𝐴(2; 1)

4.3 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

𝑦 − 1 = 2(𝑥 − 2)

𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3

4.4 𝐵𝑄 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐵𝑄 = √(2 − 0)2 + (1 + 3)2

𝐵𝑄 = 2√5

4.5 𝐵𝑄 = √5

𝐵𝑃 = √5

𝑃𝑄 = √(0 − 4)2 + (2 − 0)2

𝑃𝑄 = 2√5

∴ ∆𝐵𝑃𝑄 is isosceles

4.6 0+4 2+0

𝑀𝐵𝑄 ( ; )
2 2

𝑀𝐵𝑄 (2; 1)

For R:

𝑥𝑆 + 0
=2
2

6
 𝑥𝑆 = 4

𝑦𝑆 + 2
= −3
2

𝑦𝑆 = −5

∴ 𝑆(4; −5)

Activity 5
5.1.1 7−4
𝑚𝐴𝐷 =
3+3
1
𝑚𝐴𝐷 = −
2

5.1.2 4+6
𝑚𝑃𝑄 =
−3 − 1

5
𝑚𝑃𝑄 = −
2

5.2 ̂ O = 𝑚𝐵𝐶
tan CM

5
̂ O = tan−1 (− ) + 180°
CM
2

̂ O = 111,80°
CM

̂ O = 𝑚𝐴𝐷
tan AD

1
̂ O = tan−1 ( )
AD
2

̂ O = 25,57°
AD

∴ In ∆DCM:

DĈB = 86,28°

5.3 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

1
𝑦 − 4 = (𝑥 − 2)
2

7
 1 11
𝑦= 𝑥−
2 2

5.4 −3 + 1 4 − 6
M( ; )
2 2

M(−1; −1)

5.5 𝑚𝐴𝑀 = 𝑚𝐴𝐺

7+1 7−𝑏
=
3+1 3−𝑎

6 − 2𝑎 = 7 − 𝑏

𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 1

5.6 GC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

√17 = √(𝑎 − 3)2 + (2𝑎 + 1 − 4)2

17 = 𝑎2 − 6𝑎 + 9 + 4𝑎2 − 12𝑎 + 9

5𝑎2 − 18𝑎 + 1 = 0

−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎

−(−18) ± √(−18)2 − 4(5)(1)

𝑥=
2(5)

9 + 2√19
𝑥=
10
9+2√19
𝑏 = 2( )+1
10

𝑏 = 4,54

Or

8
 9 − 2√19
𝑥=
10
9−2√19
𝑏 = 2( )+1
10

𝑏 = 1,07

Activity 6
6.1 tan 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑃𝑄

−2 − 2
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
−2 + 1

𝜃 = 75,96°

6.2 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

−1 + 3 2 + 0
𝑀( ; )
2 2

𝑀(1; 1)

6.3 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 + 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
= √(−1 + 2)2 + (2 + 2)2 + √(−1 − 2)2 + (2 − 0)2
+ √(−2 − 3)2 + (2 − 0)2

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 = √17 + 2√5 + √29

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 14 units

6.4 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

𝑦 − 1 = 4(𝑥 − 1)

𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 3

9
Activity 7
7.1 𝑚𝑃𝑄 × 𝑚𝑄𝑅 = −1

𝑎−0 𝑎−0
× = −1
4+4 4−6

𝑎2
−1
−16

𝑎 = ±4

∴𝑎=4

7.2 𝑚𝑅𝑆 = 𝑚𝑃𝑄

4−0
𝑚𝑅𝑆 =
4+4
1
𝑚𝑅𝑆 =
2
1
𝑦 − 0 = (𝑥 − 6)
2
1
𝑦= 𝑥−3
2

7.3 Midpoint or PR:

−4 + 6 0 + 0
( ; )
2 2

(1; 0)

PQRS is a rectangle, PR and QS have the same midpoint.

𝑥𝑆 + 4
=1
2

𝑥𝑆 = −2

𝑦𝑆 + 4
=0
2

𝑦𝑆 = −4

∴ 𝑆(−2; −4)

10
 7.4 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑥𝑅 − 𝑥𝑃

𝑃𝑅 = 6 − (−4)

𝑃𝑅 = 10 units

7.5 Midpoint of PR: (1; 0)

𝑟 = 5 units

(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25

7.6 𝑄𝑅 = 5 units

𝑄𝑅 = 𝑟

Activity 8
8.1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚𝑅𝑆 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

4+2
𝑚𝑅𝑆 =
1−5
3
𝑚𝑅𝑆 = −
2

8.2 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

𝐴𝐷 = √(5 − 1)2 + (−2 − 4)2

𝐴𝐷 = 2√13

8.3 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

1+5 4−2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

𝑀(3; 1)

11
8.4 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

3
𝑦 − 1 = − (𝑥 + 3)
2
3 7
𝑦=− 𝑥−
2 2

8.5.1 tan 𝛽 = 𝑚𝐴𝐷

3
𝛽 = tan−1 (− ) + 180°
2

𝛽 = 123,69°

8.5.2 𝐸𝐹̂ 𝐷 = 𝛽 (Vertically opposite angles)

𝐸𝐹̂ 𝐷 = 123,69°

tan 𝛼 = 𝑚𝐵𝐷

−2 − 1
𝛼 = tan−1 ( ) + 180°
5+3

𝛼 = 159,44°

𝐷𝐸̂ 𝐹 + 𝛼 = 180° (Adjacent angles on a straight line)

̂ 𝐹 = 20,56
𝐸𝐷

̂ 𝐹 = 35,75°
∴ 𝐸𝐷

8.6 𝐴𝑀 = √(1 − 3)2 + (4 − 1)2

𝐴𝑀 = √13

8.7 𝐵𝑀 = 6 units

𝐴𝑀 = 3,6 units

𝐵𝑀 > 𝐴𝑀

∴ B lies outside the circle.

12
Activity 9
9.1 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀( ; )
2 2

−3 + 5 8 − 4
𝑀( ; )
2 2

𝑀(1; 2)

9.2 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

1+4
𝑚𝐵𝐶 =
6−5

𝑚𝐵𝐶 = 5

9.3 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )

𝑦 − 8 = 5(𝑥 + 3)

𝑦 = 5𝑥 + 23

9.4 tan BŜT = 𝑚𝐵𝐶

BŜT = tan−1(5)

BŜT = 78,69°

RŜC = BŜT (Vertically opposite angles)

RŜC = 78,69°

̂ S = 𝑚𝐴𝐶
tan AR

8+4
𝐴𝑅̂ 𝑆 = tan−1 ( ) + 180°
−3 − 5

𝐴𝑅̂ 𝑆 = 123,69°

𝑆𝑅̂ 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑅̂ 𝑆 = 180° (Adjacent angles on a straight line)

𝑆𝑅̂ 𝐶 = 56,31°

In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶

13
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is isosceles,

𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶 (Sides of a rhombus)

𝑆𝑅̂ 𝐶 = 𝜃

𝜃 + 𝑆𝑅̂ 𝐶 + 𝐴𝑅̂ 𝑆 = 180° (Interior angles of a triangle)

𝜃 = 45°

14