Self-Driven Car and Smart Parking System

Harshit Singhal: 18ucc040@lnmiit.ac.in Prerak Mathur: 18ucc149@lnmiit.ac.in

Abstract
In the modern era, vehicles are focused to be automated to give human drivers relaxed
driving. In the field of automobiles, various aspects have been considered which make a
vehicle automated. Google, the biggest network has started working on self-driving cars
in 2010 and still developing new changes to give a whole new level to automated
vehicles. In this paper, we have focused on two applications of an automated car, one in
which two vehicles have the same destination and one knows the route, where others
don't. The following vehicle will follow the target (i.e. Front) vehicle automatically. The
other application is automated driving during a heavy traffic jam, hence relaxing the
driver from continuously pushing the brake, accelerator, or clutch. The idea described in
this paper has been taken from the Google car, defining the one aspect here under
consideration is making the destination dynamic. This can be done by a vehicle
automatically following the destination of another vehicle. Since taking intelligent
decisions in traffic is also an issue for the automated vehicle so this aspect has been
also under consideration in this paper.

1.1 Introduction
An autonomous car is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and operating
without human involvement. A human passenger is not required to take control of the
vehicle at any time, nor is a human passenger required to be present in the vehicle at
all. An autonomous car can go anywhere a traditional vehicle goes and do everything
that an experienced human driver does. Autonomous cars rely on sensors, actuators,
complex algorithms, machine learning systems, and powerful processors to execute
software. Autonomous cars create and maintain a map of their surroundings based on a
variety of sensors situated in different parts of the vehicle. Radar sensors monitor the
position of nearby vehicles. Video cameras detect traffic lights, read road signs, track
other vehicles, and look for pedestrians. Lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors
bounce pulses of light off the car’s surroundings to measure distances, detect road
edges, and identify lane markings. Ultrasonic sensors in the wheels detect curbs and
other vehicles when parking. Sophisticated software then processes all this sensory
input, plots a path, and sends instructions to the car’s actuators, which control
acceleration, braking, and steering. Hard-coded rules, obstacle avoidance algorithms,
predictive modelling, and object recognition help the software follow traffic rules and
navigate obstacles.
1.2 Self-Driven Car
Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors to perceive their surroundings, such as
radar, lidar, sonar, GPS, odometry, and inertial measurement units. Advanced control
systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well
as obstacles and relevant signage. Components used in the autonomous car are UV
Sensor and L-293D Motor Driver.

1.2.1 Components Used

Arduino: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on
an LED, publishing something online. We can tell your board what to do by sending a
set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so we use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.

Tinkercad: Tinkercad is a free, online 3D modelling program that runs in a web

browser, known for its simplicity and ease of use. Since it became available in 2011 it
has become a popular platform for creating models for 3D printing as well as an
entry-level introduction to constructive solid geometry in schools.

1.2.2 Circuit Layout

1.2.3 Code

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TFpbuuVHte0-6RM9BgIlks4vHVkNMHMe/view?usp=sh
aring

1.2.4 Experimental Result

The following video represents the simulation of the code:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aAWXztV1O7SJKd_MKGbDj_Wpx2JK_vd3/view?usp=sharing

1.3 Smart Parking System

In this rapidly growing economy, the number of vehicle users increases exponentially
which demands more parking space. Improving the number of vehicles on the road
along with the mismanagement of available parking space leads to parking associated
concerns as well as enhanced traffic congestion in urban areas.

Thus it is necessary to develop an automated smart parking management system that

would assist the driver to find out some worthy parking space for their vehicle. Smart
Parking systems give choices to car owners for parking lots. This helps in the effective
management of parking space that will manage the space efficiently.

Smart Parking makes use of sensing devices such as vehicle counting equipment,
cameras, sensors installed in pavements, etc. to discover occupancy of the parking lot.
Strong sensing systems are being built to examine and transfer the data to the
database in real-time.

The system increases the accessibility of parking with the use of sensors. The sensors
are placed on the pavement of the selected parking spaces to recognize if the parking
slot is occupied or vacant.

Sensors communicate with the gateway and that data will be a push to the cloud.
Sensors then immediately show the availability of parking slots. This can be viewed on
the APP or the sensors placed on the parking slots so drives can easily identify the
space. Components used in the smart parking system are IR Sensor, LCD Display and
Servo Motor.
1.3.1 Components Used

Arduino: Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on
an LED, publishing something online. We can tell your board what to do by sending a
set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so we use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.

Tinkercad: Tinkercad is a free, online 3D modelling program that runs in a web

browser, known for its simplicity and ease of use. Since it became available in 2011 it
has become a popular platform for creating models for 3D printing as well as an
entry-level introduction to constructive solid geometry in schools.

1.3.2 Circuit Layout

1.3.3 Code
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OyBy9TSgHyb6Dz93mDmJqmCyYsorNs6M/view?usp=sharing
1.3.4 Experimental Result

The following video represents the simulation of the code:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TRwgy9_bk__HFdWz-037jEHI8nNHJFdK/view?usp=sharing

1.4 Conclusion
The transition from self-driving cars with varying levels of autonomy to fully
autonomous vehicles is yet to be made. However, modern AI technologies and
machine learning development are making rapid leaps forward in this direction, and that
is what's driving the industry forward.

The system benefits of smart parking go well beyond avoiding the needless circling of
city blocks. It also enables cities to develop fully integrated multimodal intelligent
transportation systems that don't rely on cars in the first place. Developing smart
parking solutions within a city requires data standardization and management; mobile
phone integration; hardware and software innovation; and coordination among various
stakeholders (on and off-street parking facility owners, business owners, municipalities,
transportation authorities, customers, and software developers). In effect, the technical
enablers and multi-stakeholder coordination effort behind the development of a local
smart parking solution create a launchpad toward full transportation system integration.

Bibliography
https://www.slideshare.net/nightmarechetna/smart-parking-system#:~:text=CONCLUSI
ON%20%E2%80%A2The%20system%20benefits,cars%20in%20the%20first%20place.

https://pixelplex.io/blog/future-of-self-driving-cars/

https://www.tinkercad.com/

https://www.arduino.cc/