PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2 REVIEWER FOR FINALS

LESSON 1 the Filipinos were forced to substitute the sword with

“rattan” in slashing and thrusting.
MODERN ARNIS ESSENTIALS
Once Filipinos began to appreciate the combat
ARNIS
effectiveness of the stick, the use of the knife also
- also known as kali, eskrima, baston, etc. is a complete changed. They began to use it more aggressively in
martial art system, encompassing weapons training. blocking, parrying, checking, scooping, thrusting, and
It includes training in single stick techniques (solo slashing.
baston), double stick techniques (doble baston), stick and 12 BASIC STRIKES
knife or dagger techniques (espada y daga) and knife
techniques (daga).
Different arnis styles, from different parts of the country,
may emphasize different areas of the training methods
that masters teach.
Due to its status as the country's indigenous martial art and
was practiced even by the Early Filipinos before and
during Spanish occupation, with a long history and
cultural significance in the Philippines, it became our
national sport.
Arnis is recognized as a national sport in the Philippines
via Republic Act 9850 signed by President Gloria Arroyo
on December 11, 2009.
ORIGIN OF ARNIS
“Arnis”
- Tagalog corruption of Spanish term arnes or harness
(armor worn by Early Filipinos).
- term is mostly used in Luzon.
(Arnis is also referred to as “eskrima” or “kali”.)
“Eskrima”
- derived from Spanish term “esgrima” which means
“fencing”.
- mostly used in the Visayan Islands.
“Kali”
- a Filipino term
- mostly used in Mindanao
1. Left Temple Strike
One suggestion is that it originally came from another 2. Right Temple Strike
martial art system, called tjakalele. This is actually the 3. Left Shoulder Strike
name of a branch of the Indonesian martial art system 4. Right Shoulder Strike
known as pentjak silat. 5. Stomach Thrust
Another suggestion is that it was brought here from the 6. Left Chest Thrust
Southeast Asian mainland, particularly during the 7. Right Chest Thrust
Madjapahit and Shri-Vishayan empires. 8. Right Knee Strike
9. Left Knee Strike
Yet another suggestion is that it was propagated by the 10. Left Eye Thrust
so-called ten Bornean datus fleeing persecution from their 11. Right Eye Thrust
homeland. 12. Head/Crown Strike
EARLY ACCOUNTS OF ARNIS
During the Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the native LESSON 2
warriors used arnis, along with spears and bolos, in
VOLLEYBALL ESSENTIALS
their heroic battles for freedom and liberty.
On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA,
It would not be a farfetched to surmise that one of the
William G. Morgan, a physical education director at the
earliest Filipino heroes, Lapulapu, was a kali expert.
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), created a new
Pigafetta, Magellan’s chronicler and historian, recorded game called “mintonette”. It was meant to be a pastime
that many of the native warriors carried short, pointed to be played preferably indoors by any number of
Hardwood stick which had been further hardened by players.
fire and used in fighting. These sticks might have been the
It took some of its characteristics from tennis and handball
forerunner of the present arnis.
and was less rough than basketball but still required a bit
When the Spanish imposed a ban on the practice of all of athletic effort. It was designed for older members of
native fighting arts and the carrying a bladed weapon, the YMCA.
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2 REVIEWER FOR FINALS
An observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying The opposite hitter - performs the defensive task for a
nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, volleyball team in the front row. His /Her primary
played at the International YMCA Training School. Soon responsibilities are to put up a well-formed block against
the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was the opponent.
originally spelled as two words: volley ball).
When volleyball was invented in 1895, there was no
specific number of contacts for each team to transfer the
ball to the other side. With the development of the game,
some skills were introduced to the sport and the rules
also developed. In the Philippines by 1916, the skill set
and spike was introduced and, four years later, a "three
hits' rule and a rule against hitting from the back row
was established.
In modern volleyball, there are five basic skills for you to
learn. They are dig pass, toss, spike, block, and serve.
These skills mainly promote cooperation, strategies, and
teamwork.
VOLLEYBALL COURT AND PLAYER POSITIONING

There are six positions to be filled in or played by a team

during a game of volleyball. Players are positioned with
three players in the front row (left forward, center
forward, right forward) and three players in the back
row (left back, center back, right back). Each player
inside the court has a duty to perform during the game.
Positions in volleyball are crucial because players are
assigned with different rules and responsibilities that
enhances teamwork while developing individual roles.

The setter - orchestrates the offense of the team. He/She

aims or second touch with the main responsibility of placing
the ball in the air where the attackers can bring the ball
into the opponents’ court for a point.

The libero- is the defensive specialist of the team

responsible for receiving an attack or serve. He /She
usually has the quickest reaction time and best passing skill.

The middle blocker - can execute very fast attacks that

usually take place near the setter. He / She specializes in
blocking to stop equally fast plays from the opponent and
then quickly set up a double block at the sides of the court.

The outside hitter - attacks from near the left antenna. The
outside hitter is usually the most consistent hitter on the
team and gets the most sets.