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Science9 q4 Mod4 Mechanical-Energy Edited-Language PDF
Science9 q4 Mod4 Mechanical-Energy Edited-Language PDF
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Conservation of Mechanical Energy
First Edition, 2020
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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 4:
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you with your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
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What I Need to Know
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What I Know
Directions: Read and analyze each statement below. Choose the letter of the best
answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper/in your notebook.
a. entirely kinetic
b. entirely potential
c. entirely gravitational
d. both kinetic and potential
a. a headlight is on
b. a turbine spins
c. electric current powers a flat iron
d. gasoline burns to run a jeepney
4. Which event does NOT describe potential energy being changed into kinetic
energy?
a. A box sliding down a ramp.
b. A mango falling from the tree.
c. A pen spring being compressed.
d. A stretched rubber band got loosened.
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6. Which sequence of energy transformation best describes what happens when
you switch on your battery-run radio?
a. Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy → Sound Energy
b. Mechanical Energy → Chemical Energy → Sound Energy
c. Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Sound Energy
d. Chemical Energy → Mechanical Energy → Sound Energy
10. The potential energy of a 1-kg object on top of a hill is 18 J. What is its velocity
in m/s just before it hits the bottom of the hill?
A. 36
B. 18
C. 6
D. 3
12. A bag drops some distance and gains 90 J of kinetic energy. Considering air
resistance, how much gravitational potential energy did the bag lose?
A. more than 90 J
B. exactly 90 J
C. less than 90 J
D. cannot be determined from the information given
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13. What does the wind-up toy that is fully wound and at rest possesses?
A. kinetic but no potential energy
B. potential but no kinetic energy
C. both potential and kinetic energy in equal amounts
D. neither potential nor kinetic energy
15. A picture frame falls off the wall. Considering the presence of air, how does the
kinetic energy (K) just before striking the floor be compare to the potential
energy (P) at its hanging point? A. K is equal to P.
B. K is greater than P.
C. K is less than P.
D. It is impossible to tell.
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Lesson
1 Mechanical Energy
You learned from the previous modules that a body falling freely constantly
increases its velocity. Its height, therefore, decreases quadratically from the point of
release since it is falling instantly. You’ve also learned that mechanical energy
depends on an object’s changing position and motion or the conversion between the
object’s potential energy and kinetic energy.
What’s In
Directions: Figure out the words that will complete the answer to the questions
below. Write your answers in your notebook/on separate sheets of paper.
2. What happens to a sturdy wall when pushed? The wall does not move.
It s __ a __ s __ __ e r e __ __ is.
3. What do we exert on heavy objects so we can carry them? We exert f o __ __ __
on them.
Let's figure out how much you know about your answer to item number 4! Make
use of all the letters you supplied on the blanks from item numbers 1 to 3. Arrange
the jumbled letters to form a definition of your answer to item number 4 above.
E __ e __ g y __ s t __ __ c __ p __ c i __ __ t __ d __ __ o__ k.
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What’s New
Directions: Study the illustrations below. Which of the following illustrates WORK
that is being done? Explain your answers in your notebook/on separate sheets of
paper.
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What is It
Work
When a force acts upon an object to cause a displacement of the object, it is
said that work was done upon the object. There are three key ingredients to
workforce, displacement, and cause. In order for a force to qualify as having done
work on an object, there must be a displacement and the force must cause the
displacement.
Joule
The joule is equal to the energy transferred to (or work done on) an object
when a force of one newton acts on that object in the direction of the force's motion
through a distance of one meter (1 newton meter or N x m). It is named after the
English physicist James Prescott Joule.
To illustrate,
An example is that of a waiter carrying a tray full of meals across the room at
a constant speed. Work is not done because the force supplied is upward but the
displacement of the tray is horizontal. As such, the angle (θ) between the force and
displacement is 90 degrees. Since cosine 90 degrees is O, then regardless of the
magnitude of force and displacement, work would be zero. A vertical force can never
cause a horizontal displacement; thus, a vertical force does not do work on a
horizontally displaced object. JOULE is the unit of work and 1 joule is equal to 1
Newton-meter. (1 J = 1 N x m)
Energy
Energy is the name of the game. Everything exists or ceases to exist because
of its presence or absence. It is stored in different forms and can transfer or
transform. It can be transferred without being transformed. It can also be
transformed without being transferred. It can also be transformed during transfers.
In general, the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done is known
as mechanical energy. You have learned in Grade 8 Science that mechanical energy
falls under two categories:
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1. Potential Energy- Energy in matter due to arrangements of its parts,
composition, location, and structure. It is commonly considered as stored energy
having the potential to do mechanical work. The various forms of potential
energy are gravitational, chemical, elastic, electrical, and nuclear. Chemical,
electrical and nuclear energies in general exhibit characteristics that are
electromagnetic in nature though they also have potential energy.
2. Kinetic Energy - Energy in moving matter and wave. Some forms of kinetic
energy are motion, radiant, sound, and thermal waves.
A. Potential Energy
𝑃𝐸𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ where
PEgrav = gravitational potential energy
m = mass of an object g =
acceleration due to gravity h =
height or elevation difference
B. Kinetic Energy
KE = 𝑚𝑣2 where
KE = kinetic energy m
= mass of an object v =
velocity of an object
The evidence and varied uses of the different energy forms are everywhere.
Its flow causes change through heat and work. Be it energy moving through the
food chain or an electric power plant, energy can never be created from nothing nor
can it be destroyed into nothing. Energy is simply transformed from one form to
another or transferred from one system to another. It flows from a source (serving
as an input system) into an output system during transfers and/or
transformations.
Study the next topic about the conservation of mechanical energy that is shown
below for a better understanding
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Conservation of Mechanical Energy
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As the bob swings from point a to point c (on a frictionless surface), it is
accompanied by an increase in speed. As the bob loses height and Potential Energy
(PE), it gains speed and Kinetic Energy (KE), yet the total of the two forms of
mechanical energy is conserved.
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The human body is a type of energy-conversion device. It converts food into
power, which can be used to do work. A car engine converts gasoline into power,
which can also be used to do work. A pendulum clock is a device that uses the
energy stored in hanging weights to do work. When you lift an object higher, it
gains potential energy. The higher you lift it, and the heavier it is, the more energy
it gains. For example, if you lift a bowling ball 1 inch, and drop it on the roof of
your car, it would not do much damage (please, don't try this). But if you lift the
ball 100 feet and drop it on your car, it will put a huge dent in the roof. The same
ball dropped from a greater height has much more energy. So, by increasing the
height of an object, you increase its potential energy.
What’s More
Direction: Classify whether the following has potential energy or kinetic energy.
Write the set of words in your notebook/ on separate sheets of paper.
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What I Can Do
Directions: Analyze and illustrate the given problems. Show your mathematical
solutions and explain your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How much work is done when you lift an object that weighs 150 N to a height
of 5 meters?
2. A cylindrical container having a mass of 20 kg is being pushed up an inclined
plane. How much work is done on the container when it is 4 meters above the
floor?
3. How much work do you do to a 12-N rock that you carry horizontally across a
4m room?
Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze the given situation. Answer the questions that follow
and write them in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
Directions: Put a checkmark ( /) in the given situation below to illustrate the work
being done. Then, briefly illustrate and explain why the work is done in those
items. Write your answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A waiter carrying a tray full of local fruits like durian, lanzones and mangosteen
above his head with one arm straight and moving across the room at a constant
speed.
2. A lady going to the second floor using the elevator.
3. A girl kicking a small ball that flew towards the field.
4. A vendor securing a basket of puto and bibingkang kanin items on his head.
5. A body-builder holding a heavy barbell above his head for 5 minutes.
References
Books
BEAM. (2009). 4th Year – Physics Force, Power, Work and Energy. Mode Swing.
AusAID.
NA. (2006). Practical Work in High School Physics, UP- NISMED SEDP Series
Textbook, Physics. 159-161.
Websites:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/fpte8.htm
http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py105/EnergyConservation.html#:~:text=The%20p
nciple%20of%20the%20conservation,forces%20acting%20are%20conservative
%20forces.
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http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.matter.zmill/
http://www.need.org/needpdf/Science%20of%20Energy.pdf
http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/build-toy-throw-ball-target/
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/2004/4/04.04.06.x.html
http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/demobook/chapter1.htm
http://msp.ehe.osu.edu/wiki/index.php/MSP:MiddleSchoolPortal/Energy_Transfe
rs_and_Transformations:_Sparking_Student_Interest
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