Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q1: Brantingham and Beekman
were the first researchers to
investigate the relationship
between health problems and
flat floors.
Research into the idea that flat floors could be detrimental to
our health was pioneered back in the late 1960s in Long
Beach, California. Podiatrist Charles Brantingham and
physiologist Bruce Beekman were concerned with the growing
epidemic of high blood pressure, varicose veins and deep-vein
thromboses and reckoned they might be linked to the
uniformity of the surfaces that we tend to stand and walk on.

Note:
Matching keywords:
“ first researchers” = “pioneer”
“ relationship”= “linked”
“ health problems” = “ the growing epidemic of …”
“ flat floors” = “ the uniformity of the surfaces that we tend to stand and walk on”
Answer: TRUE

Q2: The subjects in Fisher's John Fisher and colleagues at the Oregon Research Institute
control group experienced a in Eugene designed a mat intended to replicate the effect of
decline in their physical walking on cobblestones*.
condition.

Note:
Using the skimming technique to read, we can easily identify at the end of paragraph 3 containing
information.
Statement 2 is not the same as the sentence in the passage, so we easily choose False

Answer: FALSE

Q3:The manufacturers are The mats are now available for purchase and production is
increasing the number of being scaled up.
cobblestone mats they are
making.

Note:
Matching keywords:
“ cobblestone mats” = “ mats’
“ the manufactures are increasing …. making “ = ‘ production is being scaled up”
Answer: TRUE

Q4: Fisher based his ideas on In China, spas, apartment blocks and even factories promote
what he saw during an overseas their cobblestone paths as healthful amenities. Fisher admits
trip. he got the concept from regular visits to the country

Note:
Similar to question 3 the information is still in paragraph 4.
Matching keywords:
“ideas” = “ concept”
“ overseas trip” = “ in China… he got the concept from regular visit to the country”
Answer: TRUE
Q5: The Masai Barefoot Known as the Masai Barefoot Technology, the shoes have
Technology shoes are made to rounded soles that cause you to rock slightly when you stand
fit people of all ages. still, exercising the small muscles around the ankle that are
responsible for stability. Forces in the joint are reduced, putting
less strain on the system, Nigg claims.

Note:
To locate the texts quickly, we only need to scan for “Masai Barefoot Technology” which is in
paragraph 6.
This part of the passage only describes a little about the shoes. There is no mention of Masai
Barefoot Technology shoes that are made to fit people of all ages.
Answer: NOT GIVEN

Q6: The writer suggests that A. ignored by big companies.

Brantingham and Beekman's “Yet decades later, the flooring of the world's largest
findings were workplaces remains relentlessly smooth.”

Note:
Brantingham and Beekman show the harmful effects of a flat surface, but then large companies
ignore and still use flat floors.
Answer: A

Q7: What claim is made by the C They could be an effective alternative to medical
designers of the cobblestone intervention.
mats"? "In China, spas, apartment blocks and even factories promote
their cobblestone paths as healthful amenities. Fisher admits
he got the concept from regular visits to the country. Here, city
dwellers take daily walks along cobbled paths for five or ten
minutes, perhaps several times a day, to improve their health.
The idea is now taking off in Europe too.”

Note:
During his visit to China, he realized that cobbled streets could improve health, so he admitted
his idea came from there and that was the purpose of creating the mat.
Matching keywords:
an effective to medical intervention” = “ cobblestone paths as healthful amenities, … to improve
their health”
Answer: C

Q9: In their research, They understood that the anatomy of the foot parallels that of
Brantingham and Beekman the human hand - each having 26 bones, 33 joints and more
looked at the complex physical than 100 muscles, tendons and ligaments - and that modern
…of the foot and… lifestyles waste all this potential flexibility.

Note:
Skimming the passage and identifying the information in paragraph 2.
The foot parallels that of the human hand - each having 26 bones, 33 joints and more than 100
muscles, tendons and ligaments is also the complex ơhysical anatomy of the foot.

Answer: anatomy
Q10: Whenever the workers To test their ideas, they got 65 factory workers to try standing
walked on it, the different levels on a variable terrain floor - spongy mats with varying degrees
of …..in the mat would of resistance across the surface.
encourage greater muscle
action

Note:
Continuing paragraph 3 with some matching keywords:
“ the workers walked on” = “ 65 factory workers to try standing on”
“ different levels of” = “ varying degrees of”
Answer: resistance

Q11: In turn, this lessened the The muscle action prevented the pooling of blood in their feet
effect of … on the and legs, reducing the stress on the heart and circulation.
cardiovascular system.

Note:
Similar to question 10 the information still in paragraph 3.
Matching keywords:
“ lessened” = “ educing”
“ the cardiovascular system” = “ the heart and circulation”
Answer: stress

Q12: As a result of their
findings, they decided to market
cobblestone mats to the elderly
as a means of dealing with
…..
Even so, demand could exceed supply if this foot stimulating
activity really is a 'useful non pharmacological approach for
preventing or controlling hypertension of older adults, as the
researchers believe. They are not alone in recognising the
benefits of cobblestones.

Note:
Remember the keywords “the elderly ” and “dealing with” then continue to read in detail lines 6
to 9.
Matching keywords:
“ the elderly” = ‘’ older adults”
“ dealing with “ = “ controlling”
Answer: hypertension.

Q13: Reflexologists claim that
by manipulating specific parts of
the feet, the performance of
certain …. will also improve.
Reflexologists have long advocated walking on textured
surfaces to stimulate so-called 'acupoints' on the soles of the
feet. They believe that pressure applied to particular spots on
the foot connects directly to particular organs of the body and
somehow enhances their function.

Note:
The word “Reflexologists” only appear once in the entire passage so it’s safe to assume that the
answer is “organs”.
Matching keywords:
“ performance” = “ function”
“ improve” = “ enhance”
Answer: organs
Q14: Finally, Benno Nigg at
Calgary University believes that
specially shaped ….on shoes
should give health benefits.
Known as the Masai Barefoot Technology, the shoes have
rounded soles that cause you to rock slightly when you stand
still, exercising the small muscles around the ankle that are
responsible for stability. Forces in the joint are reduced, putting
less strain on the system, Nigg claims.

Note:
The question about the specially shaped of shoes gives a signal to read in detail in the 6th
paragraph. Scanning the paragraph and we can easily find the answer for the question.
Answer: soles
Q15: Her early artwork was influenced by the German
Artists in the German aesthetic tradition aesthetic tradition, in which subjects of the natural
portrayed nature realistically. world were depicted in a true to life manner.
Note:
Find the keyword “German aesthetic tradition” at first.
Keywords in questions match totally those in passage so the solution of this question is True.
Q16: Margaret attended a famous art her studies in Paris.
college in Paris.
Note:
Do not mention how famous the art college in Pari was, so the answer is Not Given.
Q17: Margaret met her husband William It was on board a boat returning to Australia that
while teaching a craft at a rehabilitation she met wealthy businessman William Preston,
unit. whom she married in 1919.
Note:
We can see Margaret met her husband when she was “on board a boat returning to Australia”
according to the information in passage while information in question 3 refers to “ teaching a
craft at a rehabilitation unit”. Therefore, the answer is False.
Q18: Margaret Preston and Thea Proctor Her first major showing in Australia was with her
explored similar themes in their art. friend Thea Proctor, in exhibitions in Melbourne
and Sydney in 1925.
Note:
In the passage, we only see that Thea Proctor, who helped Margaret organize her first major in
Australia, was her friend and there is no any information involving “similar themes in their art”.
Therefore, the answer is Not Given.
of Sydney Harbour were simpler than her Harbour views were again prominent, but in
previous ones. comparison with earlier artworks, they were
compact and busy.
Note:
There is much similar information in both this question and passage. However, “simpler” differs
from “compact and busy”, the answer is False.
Q20: The colors in Margaret's Preston's prints became larger, less complex and less reliant
Berowra prints were very bright. on the use of bright colours.
Note:
“less” differs from “very”. Therefore, the answer is False.
Q21: When living in Prior to this, the native flowers that featured in her paintings and
Berowra, Margaret painted prints had been purchased from local florists; they now grew in
flowers in their natural abundance around her home.
location.
Note:
Information is coincidentally mentioned in both question and passage about meaning and
keywords. Therefore, the answer is True.
Q22: During the 1940s, symbols used by Aboriginal people, together
incorporated … and colors with dried, burnt colors found in traditional Aboriginal paintings,
from Aboriginal art in her became increasingly prominent in her prints.
own work often referred to
Aboriginal sources.
Note:
We need to fill a plural noun in the blank involving Aboriginal art and is listed together with
colors. Therefore, the answer is symbols.
Q23: incorporated symbols and colors from The artist's titles from this period
Aboriginal art in her own work often referred to frequently acknowledge her sources, ...
Aboriginal sources in the … she gave her artworks.
Note:
We can easily see that the blank needs a noun which is a source for her in referring to and giving
her artworks from Aboriginal. Therefore, the answer is titles.
Q24: very old method of … was used for The exhibition at Macquarie Galleries in Sydney
some prints. included 29 prints made using the ancient technique
known as stenciling.
Note: We can easily determine that the blank needs a noun, especially a certain name of an art
method in history and then we can prethink to a structure such as “called” or “known as”
Therefore, the answer is stenciling.
Q25: Preston had admired Chinese art since 1915, when
was inspired by … about Chinese art that she acquired the first of her many books on the
she had started collecting in 1915. subject.
Note:
We can see that “she acquired the first of her many books” before “ she had admired Chinese
art” so those books inspired her. Therefore, the answer is books.
Q26: still interested in … and art As she got older, her love of painting, printmaking
and travel continued.
Note:
We can see that “painting”, “printingmaking” similarly related to “art” mentioned directly while
the blank need another noun involving her interest. Therefore, the suitable answer is travel.
Q27: worked for nearly six decades By the time of her death in 1963, when she was 88,
making more than … artworks. she had produced over 400 paintings and prints.
Note: We can see that the blank needs a number which illustrates clearly how many paintings
Perton produced during her lifetime. Therefore, the answer is 400.
Q28: a description of the characteristics [A] Ever had a song stuck in your head, playing on an
common to songs with earworms endless loop? Scientists call them 'involuntary
musical images', or 'earworms', and a wave of new
research is shining light on why they occur and what
can be learned from them.
Note: To answer this question, we have to understand its meaning.
The characteristics common to songs with earworms are described as songs that are stuck in
your head, and it is called 'involuntary musical images', or 'earworms'.
For this reason, A is the answer.
Q29: a justification for [E] Some earworms are just fragments of a song that repeat like
research into earworms a broken record. So, when the mind hits a part of a song it can't
remember, it loops back rather than moving on. That could make
an earworm even more entrenched, Dr Hyman says.
Note:
The keyword "justification" means "the action of showing something to be right or reasonable".
Paragraph E mentions the explanation why "some earworms are just fragments of a song that
repeat like a broken record" because when the mind runs into a section of a song it can't recall,
it loops back instead of continuing.
Thus, E is the answer.
Q30: a description of the [D] Songs the brain fixates on are usually those it has been
brain's reaction to known exposed to recently, surveys show ... Even tunes you may have
and unknown songs heard but didn't pay attention to can worm their way into your
subconscious
Note:
According to paragraph D, the brain responds (=reacts/fixates) to music that you have recently
heard and are familiar with, and songs that you may have heard but ignored may also impact
your subconscious or brain.
Hence, D is the answer.
Q31: details of proposed research into [H] Drs Stewart and Halper are now working
the frequency with which earworms together to recruit survey participants for a study
occur in different age groups looking at whether people at different stages of life
experience earworms differently.
Note:
It is clear that the researchers stated in paragraph H made a survey to test whether earworms
occur in different stages of life experience. In addition, the result of this research is in the
following part of this paragraph.
For this reason, H is the answer.
Q32: They proved this by asking [B] Researchers had 17 volunteers tap to the beat of any
volunteers to record the rhythm of earworm they heard during a four-day period while a
music using a monitor on their device attached to their wrist recorded their movements.
5___________________.
Note: The title of this summary is "Goldsmiths study", so we can begin with paragraph B to
locate the information.
With a monitor on their wrist, volunteers would record the beat of the music during a 4-day
period.
Thus, "wrist" is the answer.
Q33: Further research has [B] Another Goldsmiths study ... found that people who
demonstrated that those who hear report hearing earworms often, and find them most
earworms more frequently have intrusive, have slightly different brain structures, with
brains that may deal with more gray matter in areas associated with processing
6__________________ differently emotions.
from other people
Note: According to the text, people who have earworms frequently have distinct brain structures
from others as they have more gray matter in regions of the brain related to processing emotions.
Therefore, "emotions" is the word to fill in the blank.
Q34: Dr Stewart also believes that the brain is [C] Dr Stewart likens earworms to 'sonic
7__________________ by earworms when it is not screen savers' that keep the mind
focused on a task. entertained while it is otherwise
unoccupied.
Note:
When the brain is unoccupied, earworms will occur to keep the mind entertained.
Hence, "unoccupied" is the answer.
Q35: In fact, a reduction in the occurrence of [C] Dr Stewart observed that the more
earworms was found to be directly related to challenging the activity, the less likely the
how 8________________ the task was interesting volunteers were to hear the music
Note:
According to the passage, if the task was more challenging, there would be a reduction in the
occurrence of earworms which means the volunteers were less likely to hear the earworms.
For this reason, "challenging" is the answer.
Q36: Some musicians create music that is
intentionally memorable.
Note: C is the answer.
Q37: People are unable to completely [A] The idea that we have full control over our
regulate how they think thought processes is an illusion,' says
psychologist Lauren Stewart
Note:
According to the text, Lauren Stewart mentioned the idea that we could completely control how
we think is an illusion, which means we are not able to regulate our thought processes.
For this reason, A is the answer.
Q38: [D] Even tunes you may have heard but didn't pay
We can remember songs without knowing attention to can worm their way into your
that we have heard them. subconscious, says Ira Hyman
Note:
From the passage, Ira Hyman stated about the music that can worm into our subconscious
although we did not concentrate to listen to it.
Hence, B is the answer.
Q39: Thinking about music has a similar [F] Imaging studies by Andrea Halpern at Bucknell
effect on the brain to hearing music. University, in Lewisburg, USA, have shown that
deliberately imagining music and actually listening to
music activate many of the same neurological
networks.
Note:
The keyword "thinking about music" has the same meaning as "imaging music. Similarity, "a
similar effect on the brain" is synonymous with "the same neurological".
Thus, C is the answer.
Q40: Earworms are more [E] Some earworms are just fragments of a song that repeat like
persistent when only a short a broken record. So, when the mind hits a part of a song it can't
section of the song is remember, it loops back rather than moving on. That could make
constantly replayed. an earworm even more entrenched, Dr Hyman says.
Note:
If there is just a part of a song that we can remember, earworms will replay it rather than move
on. And this statement was mentioned by Dr Hyman.
Therefore, B is the answer.