MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Institute

of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

ELECTRICAL MACHINES
LABORATORY
Experiment N°02

Prepared By:

MAOUDJ Rabah
CHARAOUI MED – Wael
BRAHIMI YASSINE

Teacher: Dr. BENTARZI

BOUMERDES, February 2024

Objectives:

• Explain what a three-phase transformer is.

• Develop an understanding of the operational properties of three-phase
transformers.
• Learn how to connect transformer windings in Y and A configurations and
verify that the windings are correctly phased.
• Employ voltage and current measurements to analyze the operation and
performance of the transformer.

Overview:

Three-phase double-wound transformers are widely used in power transmission

and are usually designed as core-type transformers. These transformers consist
of three sets of single-phase windings that are positioned on a single core. The
primary and secondary windings are arranged concentrically, with the primary
winding wrapped around the secondary winding in cylindrical shells. The
primary winding can be delta-connected, and the secondary winding can be
connected in a star, delta, star-delta, or delta-delta configuration, depending on
the intended purpose of the transformer.
 DELTA – DELTA

2. Adjusting the line-to-line voltage Es to 100V and measuring the winding voltages:

E1-2 = 100 V E1-7 = 100 V E1-12 = 0 V

E3-5 = 100 V E3-10 = 99 V E3-15 = 0 V

3. Do the measurements confirm that the secondary windings are connected with the proper
phase relationships?
Yes No

4. Are the voltages within the secondary A equal to zero, thus confirming that it is safe to close the A?
Yes No

5. Connecting E1, E2, and E3 to measure the line voltages at the secondary:

Primary: E1-2 = 100 V E1-7 = 100 V E6-7 = 100 V

Secondary: E3-5 =99.13 V E3-10 = 99.12 V E8-10 =
99.14 V

• Observing the voltage phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Yes No (E1 lies exactly above E2)
 WYE – WYE

E1-6 = 100 V E1-11 = 100 V E6-11 = 100 V

E1-2 = 57.48 V E6-7 = 57.48 V E1-12 = 57.48 V
E3-8 = 98.55 V E3-13 = 98.55 V E8-13 = 98.55 V
E3-5 = 56.93 V E8-10 = 56.93 V E13-15 = 56.93
9. Adjusting the line-to-line voltage Es to 100V and measuring the winding voltages:

10. Do the measurements confirm that the secondary windings are connected with the proper phase
relationships?

Yes No

11. Are the line-to-line voltages on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer times greater
than the line-to-neutral values?
Yes No

• Observe the voltage phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Does the display confirm they are equal with
a 120° phase shift between each of them?
Yes No
• Observing the voltage phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Yes No (E1 lies exactly above E2)
 WYE – DELTA

• Adjusting the line-to-line voltage Es to 100V and measuring the winding voltages:

E1-6 = 100 V E11-1 = 100 V E6-11 = 100 V

AVG (E1, E2, E3) = 100 V

• Observe the voltage phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Are they approximately equal with a 120° phase
shift between each of them?
Yes No
• Connecting E1, E2, and E3 to measure the line voltages at the secondary:

E3-5 = 57.84 V E8-10 = 57.85 V E13-15 = 57.83 V

AVG (E1, E2, E3) = 57.84 V

• Observe the voltage phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Are they approximately equal with a 120° phase
shift between each of them?
Yes No
• Does the Phasor Analyzer display confirm a phase shift of around 30° between the two?

Yes No

• Calculate the ratio AVG Esec / AVG Eprim. Is it approximately equal to 1/ ?

 DELTA - WYE

• Connecting E1, E2, and E3 to measure the line voltages at the primary:

E1-2 = 100 V E6-7 = 100 V E1-12 = 100 V

AVG (E1, E2, E3) = 100V

• Observe the voltage and current phasors on the Phasor Analyzer. Does the display confirm that
the voltage and current phasors are in phase?
Yes No

• Does the Phasor Analyzer display show that the voltage phasors lead the current phasors by 30°?

Yes No

• Record the measured values for the line voltages at the secondary, and the average value.

E3-8 = 165.4 V E3-13 = 165.5 V E8-13 = 165.3 V

 AVG (E1, E2, E3) = 165.4 V

• Calculate the ratio AVG Esec / AVG Eprim. Is it approximately equal to ?

; Yes No

• Calculate the ratio Iline / Iphase for the primary circuit using the measured currents. Is the ratio
approximately equal to? Yes No

• Is the line current on the primary side approximately equal to the line current on the secondary
side?

Yes No

I line (prim) = 0.075 A I phase (sec) = 0.071 A ; I line (prim) I phase (sec)

OPEN DELTA

• Adjusting the line-to-line voltage Es to 200V and measuring the voltages and apparent power:
 E1= 200 V E2 = 194 V E3 = 111.7 V

I1= 0.145 A I2 = 0.106 A I3 = 0.180 A S1=

28.94 VA S2 = 20.63 VA S3 = 20.10 VA

• Do the meters show that the primary and secondary line voltages are equal, and the current in the
primary windings, that Flowing in the secondary windings?

Yes No

E1 =/= E2 I1 =/= I2

• Is the .e current to the load sown by I3 is around times greater than phase-current I2 in the
secondary winding?

Yes No

• Do the phase currents at the primary and secondary increase by a large amount, as well as the
values of S1 and S2?

Yes No

I1= 0.233 A I2 = 0.168 A S1= 46.61 VA

S2 = 31.69 VA

• Is the increase approximately equal to 3?

Yes No

I1 new

I2 new S2 new

S1 new
• With the open delta connection, Do the phase current in the secondary now equal the line current
to the load ?

Yes No ; because: I2 = I3 = 0.168 A

• After disconnecting at Y point, Do you observe the same results as in the previous steps?

Yes No

• Since the load power requirement has not changed, are the current in the primary and secondary
windings still at the same high level?

Yes No

• By what amount should the load resistance be increased to lower the currents in the windings to
the value measured in step 2?

The load resistance should be increased by an amount of () >> R new to keep the same
currents measured in step 2 we take approximately as 1100 ohm.

• Adjust the value of the load resistors to obtain the same winding current as measured in stev32.
What value do you obtain ?

I1= 0.163 A I2 = 0.105 A I3 = 0.102 A

• Record the apparent power measured by meters PQSI and PQS3.

S1= 32.7 VA S2 = 20.28 VA

• Is the value of apparent power S3 approximately 57.7 % less than that measured in step 2?

Yes No (1/ = 0.577 = 57.7 %) S3 new S3 prev >>>> S2 new

>>>>

• Connecting E1, E2, and E3 to measure the line voltages and currents at the secondary:

E1= 196.5 V E2 = 196.5 V E3 = 196.5 V

I1= 0.103 A I2 = 0.103 A I3 = 0.103 A

• Observing the Phasor Analyzer. (There is NO change in 3 phase load voltages and
currents)

Before removing at point X and Y:

After removing at point X:

After removing at point X:

Conclusion:

• The Δ-Δ and Y-Y configurations produces no phase shift between the incoming
primary voltages and the outgoing secondary voltages.

• The Y- C and Δ -Y configurations, the line voltage between primary and secondary either
increased or decreased by a factor.

• The Y- Δ and Δ -Y configurations, the outgoing line voltages at the secondary are shifted
30° with respect to the incoming line voltages at the primary.

• The open Δ configuration, the three-phase load is supplied with proper phase
relationships voltages and currents.

• The open Δ configuration, the load power must be reduced by (57.7 %) to avoid
exceeding the current rating of the phase winding.

Exercise:
What’s the meaning of the scott transformer
 The Scott transformer is an electrical device designed to convert a two-phase power supply
into a three-phase power supply. It consists of two sets of windings connected in a specific
manner to generate the desired output. By introducing a phase shift between the two sets of
windings, the transformer produces a three-phase output from a two-phase input. This
transformer is frequently employed in situations where a three-phase power supply is required,
but only a two-phase power supply is available. The Scott transformer's ability to provide a
three-phase output from a two-phase input has made it a widely utilized technology in many
industrial applications.