Basic Electrical Engineering Term Work

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EXPERIMENT NO.-2

TITLE: Verification of voltage and current relations in three phase balanced star and
delta connected loads.

AIM: Verification of current & voltage relations in three phase balanced star & delta
connected load

APPARATUS:

Sr. Name of Equipment Number and Range Quantit

No. of equipment y
Voltmeters 0- 300V 3
1 0-600 V

D. Y. Patil College Of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune-44

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2 Ammeter 0 -2.5 A 3
0– 5A
3 Delta and Star connected 200 W, 250 V Lamp 18
Load Lamps

THEORY: -

The load on a thee-phase system may be either star or delta connected. These
loads are in two conditions either balanced or unbalanced. Generally in electric circuit
balanced load system is commonly used. The three – phase balanced system means if all
three phases impedances are identical in respect of their magnitude and phase angle, the
emf ’ s 120 electrical degrees and equal power and equal reactive power flow in each
phase.
In case of star connected load, three loads L1, L2, L3 are forming a three phase star
D. Y. Patil College Of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune-44
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with one terminal of all phases forming a star or neutral point by connecting them
together. In case of delta-connected load, three loads L 1, L2, L3 forming a mesh or delta.
Voltage across the load or branch is called as phase voltage (V P) in case of three-phase
system and current flowing it is phase current (IP).
Also voltage across two supply lines is called line voltage (V L) and current flowing
through line is line current (IL). In case of star connected load line current is equal to
phase current and line voltage is equal to √3 times phase voltage but in case of delta
connected load it is vice-versa i.e. line current is equal to √3 times phase current and line
voltage is equal to phase voltage.

D. Y. Patil College Of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune-44

Basic Electrical Engineering Term Work
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Basic Electrical Engineering Term Work
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Basic Electrical Engineering Term Work
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Let,

IRY, IYB, IBR Phase Currents of

three lines,
IR, IY, IB Line Currents of
three phases,
VRY, VYB, VBR Line Voltages of
three lines and
VRN, VYN, VBN Phase Voltages of
three phases.
Therefore from above explanation we have,
For delta connection,
Line Current = I R = IY IB
= =
3
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Phase Current I I I
RY YB BR

For Star connection,

Line Voltage Phase V V V

Voltage = RY = YB = BR =

V V V
RN YN BN

PROCEDURE:

1) Connections are made as shown in circuit diagram. Instead of using three

Basic Electrical Engineering Term Work
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voltmeters to measure VRY, VYB, VBR, only one voltmeter is used to measure these
voltages.
2) Input supply is switched ON.
3) Load is increased in steps and corresponding readings are noted down for
each Increment in the load.
4) Take 5 to 6 readings.
5) Parameters and results are calculated by using given formulae.
6) Verify the relation between the line and phase values of voltage and current.
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OBSERVATION TABLE:

a) For Delta connection: -

Sr.No. Line Voltage (VRY, Line Phase

VYB, VBR) = Phase Currents Currents
Voltage (VRN, VYN, in Amp. in Amp.
VBN) in Volt. IR IY IB IRY IYB IBR
1. 415 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.74 0.74 0.74
2. 420 2.6 2.6 2.6 1.46 1.46 1.46
3. 420 3.9 3.9 3.9 2.22 2.22 2.22
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b) For Star connection: -

Sr.No. Line Current (IR, IY, Line Phase

IB) Voltages voltages
= Phase Current (IRY, in Volts in Volts.
IYB, IBR) in Amp. VR VYB VBR VRN VYN VBN
Y
1. 1.10 425 425 425 244 244 244
2. 1.12 425 425 425 242 242 242
3. 1.69 425 425 425 242 242 242
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FORMULAE USED:
a) For delta connection
Line Current (Iline) = √3 Phase Current ( Iphase)
i.e √3 IRY = IR, √3 IYB = IY and √3 IBR = IB

Line Voltage (Vline) = Phase Voltage (Vphase) = VRY, VYB, VBR

b) For star connection
Line Current (Iline) = Phase Current (Iphase) = IR, IY, IB
Line Voltage (Vline) = √3 Phase Voltage (Vphase)

i.e VRY = √3 VRN, VYB = √3 VYN, and VBR = √3 VBN

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CALCULATION:
For delta connection,
IR IRY IY IYB
=1.3/0.74 = 1.757
IB IBR

For Star connection, =2.6/1.46 = 1.781

VRY VRN

VYB VYN =3.9/2.22 = 1.757

VBR VBN
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=425/242 = 1.756

=425/244 = 1.742

=425/242 = 1.756
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RESULT TABLE: n:
-
I
a) F V =V , Line =

o line Phase I
r
D
el
ta
c
o
n
n
e
ct
io
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or 1.732
Phase

Sr. IR / IY / IB /
No. IRY IYB IBR
1. 1.757 1.781 1.757
n V
b) F e I = I , Line =
line Phase V
o c
r ti
St o
ar n:
c -
o
n
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or 1.732
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Phase

Sr. VRY / VRN VYB / VYN VBR / VBN

No.
1. 1.742 1.756 1.756

CONCLUSION:

From result table we observe that star connection and delta connection values are
equivalent