RETRACTION

of RIZAL
Allport-Group 4
 Members:

Shiene D. Hojilla
 Members:

Cjhay Menil Christian Montenegro

 Members:

Nalor Anne Michelle Bello Krystal mae balbona

Biography of Jose Rizal
 Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda
He was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19,1861.
A brilliant student who became proficient in
multiple languages, José Rizal studied medicine in
Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete
his medical degree.
While in Europe, José Rizal became part of the
Propaganda Movement, connecting with other
Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his
first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), a
work that detailed the dark aspects of Spain's
colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular
focus on the role of Catholic friars.
 Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write,
releasing his follow-up novel, El Filibusterismo (The
Reign of Greed) in 1891. He also published articles in
La Solidaridad, a paper aligned with the Propaganda
Movement.
In 1895, Rizal asked for permission to travel to
Cuba as an army doctor. His request was
approved, but in August 1896, Katipunan, a
nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres
Bonifacio, revolted. Though he had no ties to the
group and disapproved of its violent methods,
Rizal was arrested shortly thereafter.
 After a show trial, Rizal was convicted of sedition
and sentenced to death by firing squad. Rizal's
public execution was carried out in Manila on
December 30, 1896, when he was 35 years old. His
execution created more opposition to Spanish rule.
Spain's control of the Philippines ended in 1898,
though the country did not gain lasting
independence until after World War II. Rizal
remains a nationalist icon in the Philippines for
helping the country take its first steps toward
independence.
Why was Jose Rizal got
executed?
Jose Rizal had been put to execution for
several of reasons, notable among them
being his support of social reform and
Filipino independence movements in the late
19th century, while the country was ruled
by Spain.
Nationalist Activities:
Novels and Writings
Organizing Societies

Propaganda Movement o Kilusang

Propaganda
Igniting of the Philippine Revolution - Rizal's novels,
especially "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo,"
ignited a sense of consciousness among Filipinos.

Advocating for Peaceful Change: Rizal championed

political transformation through non-violent methods. He
represented the Filipinos' quest for rights and
independence, promoting reforms and advocating for
peaceful opposition.
False Conviction and Execution: Although he did not take
an active part in the planning or execution of the revolution,
Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. He
was convicted and subsequently executed by firing squad in
Manila on December 30, 1896.

Legacy and Impact: The death of Rizal had a profound

effect on the Filipino people. His sacrifice inspired the
nation, fueling the continued struggle against Spanish
oppression.
Rizal’s religious belief
 Noli Me Tangere, an account of religious
corruption among Spanish friars in the
Philippines. Rizal joined the Filipino student
community in Spain in his early twenties and
became an outspoken member of the Propaganda
Movement.
 Knowing the story of Noli me
Tangere and El filibusterismo, what
do you think of Rizal’s religous
belief?
 What Rizal wrote in his third
letter to Pastellss religious belief
 “I believe in revelation, but in the living revelation of nature
which surrounds us everywhere, in the voice speaking out
through nature — powerful, eternal, unceasing, incorruptible,
clear, distinct, and universal as the Being from which it comes.
It is this revelation that I believe in, which speaks to us and
penetrates our being from the day we are born to the day we
die. Can any other books reveal to us more faithfully God’s
work, His goodness, His love, His providence, His eternity, His
glory, His wisdom?”
 Upon his execution, Rizal’s figure was
reinterpreted through the lens of the passion of
Christ; like Jesus, Rizal was rumored to have
twelve nationalist “apostles,” and he was
considered a saintly figure in Philippine popular
culture.
Power of the Church
In Jose Rizal’s execution there was no
separation of church and state.
Therefore, the friars or priests clearly
had the governor order his execution.
“It can only be describe as
‘extremely’ powerful”
Retraction of Rizal
 Rizal’s Retraction letter

• The letter dated December 29,1896

 Major arguments for the retraction:

Archivist Fr. Manuel Garcia, C.M.

discovered the "original" text
containing the so-called retraction
formula in the archdiocesan
archives on May 18, 1935, thirty-
nine years after Rizal's execution.

Fr. Manuel Garcia

•The text appears to have been released to the
press and published after the death of Rizal but
the original document was not produced until
1935.

•It was believed that the documents were handed

by Fr. Balaguer to Fr. Pi and from Fr. Pi to Fr.
Nozaleda in order to kept safely by his secretary.
There were eyewitnesses closely associated with the
events - According to Ricardo P.
Garcia's "The Great Debate: The Rizal's Retraction"
there were two great testimonies of eyewitnesses
who were privy to what happened in Rizal's cell
from early morning of December 29 to 6:30 am of
December 30.
 Fr. Vicente Balaguer -
According to him, Rizal woke up
several times, confessed four
times, attended a Mass, received
communion, and prayed the
rosary, all of which seemed
inconsistent of his personality.

Fr. Vicente Balaguer

Former Lieutenant of the Infantry- Mariano
Martinez Gallegos - He confirmed that Rizal
did write a retraction piece and signed his
signature on it with Juan del Fresno and
Eloy Moure as his witnesses. These two
witnesses also affixed their signatures on the
said retraction document.
Lastly, he mentioned “cross” in his
final writings.
Josephine Bracken
The effect of Rizal’s death
His death galvanized the Philippine revolution and inspired the
Filipino people to fight for their freedom and independence
Increase in Nationalism
inspired many Filipinos to join the revolution and fight for
independence from Spanish colonial rule
the family tried to retrieve the body of
rizal but it was kept from them
Thank You!