Rizal as Propagandist

and Reformist
SUBTOPIC
DIARIONG TAGALOG, LA SOLIDARIDAD AND LA LIGA FILIPINA
Propaganda Movement
a literary and cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipinos settled in
Europe
 it aims:
Increase Spanish awareness of the needs of the colony
Closer relationship between colony and Spain
Its goals:
 Phil. Representation in Spanish cortes
 Equal status and opportunities for both Filipinos and Spanish entering to
government service
 Creation of public school system independent of the friars
 Diariong Tagalog (1882), Marcelo H. Del
Pilar
He founded the newspaper Diariong
Tagalog to propagate democratic liberal
ideas among the farmers and peasants.
the first daily published in the Tagalog
text, where he publicly denounced Spanish
maladministration of the Philippines.
was the first Manila Bilingual newspaper
 Diariong Tagalog
 The Spanish text was the one originally written by
Rizal in Barcelona. The Tagalog text was a Tagalog
translation made by M.H. del Pilar.
 Francisco Calvo- editor of Diariong Tagalog, he
asked for more articles to Rizal.
 Basilio Teodoro- editorial staff
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Founder
 Articles in Diariong Tagalog
“El Amor Patrio” (The Love of Country)
This was the first article Rizal wrote in the Spanish soil.
Written in the summer of 1882, it was published in Diariong Tagalog in August 20, 1882.
He used the pen name “Laong Laan” (ever prepared) as a byline for this article and he sent
it to He sent this article to his friend in Manila, Basilio Teodoro and Marcelo H. Del Pilar
translated it into Tagalog.
THE ARTICLE AIMS:
to establish nationalism and patriotism among the natives. Rizal extended his call for the
love of country to his fellow compatriots in Spain, for he believed that nationalism should
be exercised anywhere a person is.
Second and Third article
The editor of Diariong Tagalog, Francisco Calvo, congratulated
Rizal for the article and requested him for some more articles.
In response to his request, Rizal wrote the second article for
Diariong Tagalog entitled Los Viajes (Travels).
Content: rewards gained by the people who are well-traveled to
many places in the world.
“Revista De Madrid” (Review of Madrid)
◦ This article written by Rizal on November 29, 1882 was unfortunately
returned to him because Diariong Tagalog had ceased publications for
lack of funds.
La Solidaridad
 means The Solidarity
 it was a newspaper which became the propaganda arm of the Filipino
reformist in Spain.
 first issue: February 15, 1889
 The Soli, as the reformists fondly called their official organ, came out once
every two weeks which lasted for 6 years.
 it was headed by Galicano Apacible
 The Solidaridad’s first editor was GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA.
 Marcelo H. del Pilar took over in October 1889. Del Pilar managed the Soli
until it stopped publication due to lack of funds.
La solidaridad newspaper
 it was composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending
European universities.
 the newspaper published not only articles and essay about economic, cultural,
political and social conditions of the country but also current news both local
and foreign and speeches of prominent Spanish leaders about the Philippines.
 Members: Jose Rizal, Marcelo Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Jose Ma. Panganiban, Mariano Ponce, Pedro Paterno, Antonio Maria Regidor,
Isabelo Delos Reyes, Eduardo de Lete, Jose Alejandrino, Jose Luis Guerra, Robert
Lacamra
 International members: Miguel Morayta and Ferdinand Blumentritt
History
 editorship was first offered to Rizal but he declined because he was busy
annotating Sucesoc de las Islas Filipinas in London and Graciano showed interest
becoming the editor.
 the majority of the funds came from Comite de Propaganda in the Philippines.
 April 25, 1889, Soli published the letter entitled “ The Aspirations of the
Filipinos” which was written by the Associacion Hispano-Filipina de Madrid
desiring for:
1. Representation in the Cortes
2. Abolition of censure
3. expression of prohibition of the existing practice of exiling residents by
administrative order and without a right of execution from court of justice.
 December 15, 1889, M.H Del Pilar replaced G.L Jaena
 under his editorship: the aims of Soli expanded and drew attention
on politicians and even Spanish ministers. It desires for:
1. Philippines be a province of Spain
2. Secularization
3. freedom of assembly and speech
4. equal rights before the law
 it ceased publication November 15, 1895 with 7 volumes and 160
issues.
Aims of La Solidaridad
 To work peacefully for political and social reforms
 To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that
Spain may remedy them
 to oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism
 to advocate liberal ideas and progress
 to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to
life, democracy and happiness.
Rizalista vs Pilarista
 when 1890 about to end, Rizal and Del Pilar occasionally dissimilar to Rizal’s political vision.
 To fix differences and solidify the unity among them, about 90 Filipinos in Madrid met on the
New Year’s Day of 1891.
 It was agreed upon in the gathering that a leader called Responsable, be elected to administer
the campaigns for reform of the Filipinos.
 The voting happened during the first week of February that year. It was decided that the
‘Responsible’ must be elected by a two-thirds vote of the participants.
 Rizal won the election but his votes fell short of the required two-thirds vote to be declared
Responsable. Second did not reach the needed fraction and third Mariano Ponce called on
Pilaristas to surrender their will to what the majority wanted then Rizal became legal
Responsable.
Rizal, however, courteously declined the position.
 He knew that there were ‘Pilaristas’ who did not like either his views or
personality.
 Inactive in the Propaganda Movement, Rizal also stopped contributing to
La Solidaridad.
 Realizing that Rizal’s involvement in the reform campaigns was necessary,
the humble Del Pilar wrote to Rizal on August 7, 1891, saying,

“If you have any resentment, I beg you to put it aside; if you consider me at
fault, and this fault is pardonable, forgive me… We would much like that you
resume writing for it; not only would we strengthen La Solidaridad but we
would defeat the friar intrigue in the Philippines.”
Rizal response:
“If I stopped writing for La Solidaridad, it was because of several reasons:
1. I need time to work on my book
2. I wanted other Filipinos to work also
3. I considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work; and
you are already at the top and I also have my own ideas, it is better to leave you
alone to direct the policy such as you understand it and I do not meddle in it
Advantages:
1. It leaves both of us free
2. it increases your prestige
July 20, 1892 from Del Pilar (DAPITAN)
“How could I allow him to attack you when I am interested
in your prestige? …I am sure that when Lete wrote the
article he did not intend to allude to you and much less to
molest you. He described an individual whose methods are
diametrically opposed to yours.” Ever wishing to reconcile
with Rizal, Del Pilar lovingly said, “I have not stopped
wishing for the renewal of our former ties, for I believe
that slight differences in procedure are not enough to
destroy our common principles, purposes, and feelings…”
Rizal article in Soli
“Los Agricultores Filipinos” (The Filipino Farmers)
This essay dated March 25, 1889 was the first article of Rizal published in La
Solidaridad. In this writing, he depicted the deplorable conditions of the Filipino
farmers in the Philippines, hence the backwardness of the country.

“A La Defensa” (To La Defensa)

This was in response to the anti-Filipino writing by Patricio de la Escosura
published by La Defensa on March 30, 1889 issue. Written on April 30, 1889,
Rizal’s article refuted the views of Escosura, calling the readers’ attention to the
insidious influences of the friars to the country.
“Los Viajes” (Travels)
Published in the La Solidaridad on May 15, 1889, this article
tackled the rewards gained by the people who are well-
traveled to many places in the world.

“La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth for All)

This was Rizal’s counter to the Spanish charges that the
natives were ignorant and depraved. On May 31, 1889, it was
published in the La Solidaridad.
"Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”
The first installment of Rizal’s “Vicente Barrantes” was
published in the La Solidaridad on June 15, 1889. In this
article, Rizal exposed Barrantes’ lack of knowledge on the
Tagalog theatrical art.

“Defensa Del Noli”

The manuscripts of the “Defensa del Noli” was written on
June 18, 1889.
Rizal sent the article to Marcelo H. Del Pilar, wanting it to
be published by the end of that month in the La
Solidaridad.
“Verdades Nuevas”(New Facts/New Truths)
In this article dated July 31, 1889, Rizal replied to the letter of Vicente
Belloc Sanchez which was published on July 4, 1889 in ‘La Patria’, a
newspaper in Madrid. Rizal addressed Sanchez’s allegation that
provision of reforms to the Philippines would devastate the
diplomatic rule of the Catholic friars.

“Una Profanacion” (A Desecration/A Profanation)

Published on July 31, 1889, this article mockingly attacked the friars
for refusing to give Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa, Rizal’s
brother in law, who died of cholera in May 23, 1889. Being the
husband of Lucia Rizal (Jose’s sister), Herbosa was denied of burial in
the Catholic cemetery by the priests.
“Crueldad” (Cruelty),
Dated August 15, 1889, this was Rizal’s witty defense
of Blumentritt from the libelous attacks of his
enemies.

“Diferencias” (Differences)
Published on September 15, 1889, this article
countered the biased article entitled “Old Truths”
which was printed in La Patria on August 14, 1889.
“Old Truths” ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for
reforms.
“Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences)
The Spanish Pablo Mir Deas attacked Antonio Luna in the Barcelona
newspaper “El Pueblo Soberano”. As Rizal’s defense of Luna, he
wrote this article which was published on November 30, 1889.

“Llanto Y Risas” (Tears and Laughter)

Dated November 30, 1889, this article was a condemnation of the
racial prejudice of the Spanish against the brown race. Rizal
remembered that he earned first prize in a literary contest in 1880.
He narrated nonetheless how the Spaniard and mestizo spectators
stopped their applause upon noticing that the winner had a brown
skin complexion.
“Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos” (The Philippines within One
Hundred Years) article

This was serialized in La Solidaridad on September 30,

October 31, December 15, 1889 and February 15, 1890.
In the articles, Rizal estimated the future of the Philippines in
the span of a hundred years and foretold the catastrophic end
of Spanish rule in Asia.
He ‘prophesied’ Filipinos’ revolution against Spain, winning
their independence
“Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude)
Dated January 15, 1890, this article was the
hero’s reply to Governor General Weyler who told
the people in Calamba that they “should not
allow themselves to be deceived by the vain
promises of their ungrateful sons.”
The statement was made as a reaction to Rizal’s
project of relocating the oppressed and landless
Calamba tenants to North Borneo.
“Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La Lengua Tagala” (On The New Orthography of The
Tagalog Language) article
Rizal expressed here his advocacy of a new spelling in Tagalog. In this article dated April
15, 1890, he laid down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography and, with modesty and
sincerity, gave the credit for the adoption of this new orthography to Dr. Trinidad H.
Pardo de Tavera, author of the celebrated work “El Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala”
(Sanskrit in the Tagalog Language) published in Paris, 1884.

“Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinas” (The Indolence of the Filipinos) essay

This logical essay is a proof of the national hero’s historical scholarship. The essay
rationally countered the accusations by Spaniards that Filipinos were indolent (lazy)
during the Spanish reign. It was published in La Solidaridad in five consecutive issues on
July (15 and 31), August (1 and 31) and September 1, 1890.
LIGA FILIPINA
July 3, 1892 -(Sunday evening)
Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the home
of the Chinese-Filipino mestizo on Ylaya Street,
Tondo,Manila .
RIzal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a
civic league of the Filipinos. He presented the
Constitution of the Liga which he had written in
Hong Kong. The patriots were impressed and
approved the establishment of The Liga.
Founding of the Liga Filipina- a civic league of
Filipinos, which he desired to established and its
role on the socio-economic life of the people.
1. To unite the archipelago into one compact and
homogenous body
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encourage of Education, agriculture and
commerce.
5.Study of application and reforms.
 Directors:
Jose Rizal, Founder
Ambrosio Salvador, President
Agustin dela Rosa, Fiscal
Bonifacio Arevalo, Treasurer
Deodato Arellano, Secretary and first
Supreme leader of Katipunan
Exile of Rizal
Domingo Franco, President and
The cover page of the Supreme leader
constitution of La Liga
Filipina Deodato Arellano,
Secretary/Treasurer
MOTTO: Isidro Francisco, Fiscal
Unus Instar Omnium
(one like all) Apolinario Mabini, Secretary
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