22605 SUMMER 2022 MODEL ANSWER

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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SUMMER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: SsolidWaste Management Model Answer Subject Code: 22605
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence
if the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Q. Sub Q. Marking
Answer
No. N. Scheme
Q-1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

a) State the classification of solid waste. 02
Ans. Hazardous waste
• Reactivity waste 1M
• Ignitable waste
• Medical waste each
• Radioactive waste
• Corrosive waste
Non-Hazardous waste
• Biodegradable waste
• Non-Biodegradable waste
b) List collection methods of Municipal Solid Waste 02
Ans. Collection system Based on the availability of service 1
1. Curb (Kerb-side)
2. Alley Service -
3. Set out Set Back Service -
4. Backyard Service -
Collection Method Based on mode of operation: 1
One
1. Hauled Container System mark
2. Stationary Container System for each
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Subject Name: SsolidWaste Management Model Answer Subject Code: 22605
c) List the tools &equipment for storage and collection of Municipal solid Waste. 02
Ans. 1. Litter bin
2. Broom
3. Shovels
4. Container
5. Handcarts 02
6. Animal carts Any
7. Tractors and Trailers four
8. Auto vehicle
9. Trucks.
10. Dumper
11. Compactors vehicles.
d) Define Aerobic Composting 02
Ans. Aerobic composting is decomposition of organic matter using microorganisms that 02
require oxygen.
OR
In an aerobic composting aerobic micro-organism oxidize organic compounds to
Carbon dioxide, Nitrite and Nitrate.
e) List the existing legal provisions made for SWM (Any Two) 02
Ans. 1. Prohibition Against Littering the Streets, Deposition of Solid Waste on the 1
Streets, Open Defecation. Mark
2. Duty of Occupiers of Premises to Store Solid Waste at Source of Generation. For
3. Duty of Occupier not to Mix Recyclable /Non-Bio-degradable Waste and Each
Domestic Hazardous Waste with Food Waste etc.
Write
4. Duty of Societies/ Associations/ Management of Commercial Complexes to Clean any Two
their Premises and to Provide Community Bins.
5. Community Bins to be Kept in Good Condition.
6. Duty of Occupiers to Deposit Solid Waste in Community Bins.
7. Duty of Local Body to Provide and Maintain "Waste Storage Depots“
8. Duty of Occupier of Households/Shops/Establishment to Hand Over the
Recyclable Material/Non-Bio-degradable Waste to the Waste Collectors/ Waste
Purchasers/Recyclers.
9. Duty of Occupier of Households, Shops and Establishments to Deposit Domestic
Hazardous/Toxic Waste in Special Bins Provided by the Local Body.
10. Duty of Local Bodies to Collect Waste from Community Bins and to Deposit it
at Waste Storage Depots for Onward Transport.
11. Duty of Local Bodies to Clean All Public Streets, Open Public Spaces and Slum
Areas.
12. Duty of Local Body to Transport the Waste Stored at the Waste Storage Depots
Regularly.
13. Duty of Local Body to Arrange for Processing of Food/Biodegradable Waste
through Appropriate Technology and Disposal of Rejects.
14. Prohibition Against Deposition of Building Rubbish.
15. Prohibition on Disposal of Carcasses, etc.
16. Punishment for Littering on Streets and Depositing or throwing any Solid Waste
in Contravention of the Provisions of this Act.
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Subject Name: Solid Waste Management Model Answer Subject Code: 22605
f) State the characteristics of Hazardous Solid Waste' 02

Ans. 1.Ignitability 1/2
2. Corrosivity marks
3. Reactivity for
4. Toxicity each
g) Define Biomedical waste' 02
Ans. “The waste generated by hospitals, nursing or maternity homes, clinics, dispensary, 02
veterinary institutions, pathological laboratory, blood banks which is potentially
infectious to human health and the environment is called as Biomedical waste.
Q-2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M
a) Explain solid waste management techniques hierarchy 4
Following are the various stages in SWM Hierarchy:
1. Prevention: preventing the use of such raw material in production which produces
maximum solid waste and selecting the alternative raw materials.
2. Minimization: if such alternative raw materials are less possible then minimize the 3
use of raw materials producing more waste by implementing different techniques.
3. Reuse: it is the next desirable option in which materials some materials are repeatedly One
used again and again for same purpose. marks
The following measures are therefore proposed to be taken to Reduce, Re-use and for each
Recycling of waste by all concerned:
•All manufacturers producing a variety of domestic and non-domestic products, food as
well as non-food should be persuaded to seriously endeavor to use re-usable packaging
materials so that after the delivery of goods, the packaging materials could be collected
back and used over and over again.
•Incentives and product discount should be given to consumers for the return of
packaging or bottling materials in good condition, to the waste producers or retailers to
promote re-use.
•The cost of packed articles and article without the packaging material could be kept
different with a choice to the consumers to take the article without the packaging
material at low cost.
4. Recycle: In this stage collection, sorting of recyclable products is done and then they
are manufactured into new products.
5. Recovery: in this stage the recoverable materials are processed which includes
activities like recycling and composting.
6. Disposal: It is the last option and should be considered after all other possible
actions to recover that waste matter. It may include incineration, dumping.
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b) Explain any one method of collection of Municipal Solid Waste 4

A) Classification of collection system Based on the availability of service
1. Curb Service
2. Alley Service
4
3. Set out Set Back Service For
Any one
4. Backyard Service Explaination
B) Collection Method Based on mode of operation:
1. Hauled Container System
2. Stationary Container system
1. Curb (Kerb-side)
• Kerb side collection, or curbside collection, is a service provided to households,
typically in urban and suburban areas, of removing household waste.
• House owner is responsible for placing solid waste containers at the curb on
scheduled day.
• The work man come, collect and empty the container and put back at the curb.
• House owner is required to take back the empty containers from the curb to his
house.
• Quickest/ economical
• Crew: 1 driver + 1 or 2 collectors
• No need to enter property
2. Alley Service -
The containers are placed at the alley line from where they are picked up by
workmen from refuse vehicle who deposit back the empty container.
3. Set out Set Back Service -

Set out man go to the house collect containers and empty them in the refuse vehicle.
Another group of persons return them to the house owner’s yard.
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4. Backyard Service -
The workers with the vehicles carry a bin, wheel-barrow or sack or cloth to the yard
and empty the solid waste container in it. The wheel barrow or bin is then taken to
solid waste vehicle where it is emptied.
B) Collection Method Based on mode of operation:
1. Hauled Container System
An empty storage container (Known as a drop- off box) is hauled to the storage site
to replace the container that is full of waste, which is then hauled to the processing
point, transfer station or disposal site.
2. Stationary Container System
In this system, containers used for the storage of waste remain at the point
ofcollection. The collection vehicles generally stop alongside the storage containers,
and collection crews load the waste from the storage containers into the collection
vehicles and then transport the waste to the processing, transfer or disposal site.
c) Differentiate between Area method and Trench method of landfill 4

Sr No Area method Trench method 1
Marks
The Area Method is used when The trench method is suited to areas For
the terrain is unsuitable for the where an adequate depth of cover Each
1 point
excavation of trenches in which material is available at the site.
to place the solid wastes.
The filling operation usually is To start the process, a portion of the
started by building an earthen trench is dug with a bulldozer and
2
bund, against which wastes are the dirt is stockpiled to form an
placed in thin layers embankment behind the first trench.
The cover material must be Wastes are then placed in the trench,
hauled in by truck or earth- spread into thin layers and
3
moving equipment from adjacent compacted.
land or from borrow-pit areas.
wastes are placed in thin layers The operation continues until the
and compacted as the fill desired height is reached.
progresses until the thickness of
4 the compacted wastes reaches a
height of 2 to 3 m at the end of
day’s operation a 150 mm to 300
mm
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d) Draw a neat labelled sketch of any one method of Leachate control 4

1) Single-Liner Systems 4
Such system comprises a single primary barrier overlain by leachate collection system Any one
with appropriate separation/ protection layer. fig
OR
2. Single composite Liner system
A composite liner comprises two barriers, made of different materials, placed in
intimate contact with each other to provide a beneficial combined effect of both the
barriers.
Usually a flexible geo membrane is placed over a clay or soil barrier.
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OR
3. Double Liner system
In an double liner system a single liner system is placed twice, one beneath other.
The top barrier (primary barrier) is overlaid by a leachate system. Beneath the
primary barrier. Another leachate collection system (leak collection layer) is placed
by second barrier (secondary barrier). This type of system offers double safety and
used for industrial waste landfill.

a) Suggest the measures to be adopted in execution of vermicomposting. 4M
Following are the Measures adopted in execution of vermicomposting.
1. Take a small wooden box or dig a small pit.
2. Spread a net on box.
3. Also spread 1 or 2 cm thick layer of sand.
4. Put some cow dung and kitchen wastes such as peels of fruits etc., to cover the
sand. Use green leaves to cover over the sand. 4
5. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet.
6. Get some red worms and put them on the upper layer of bed.
7. Feed vegetable and fruit wastes as food.
8. After 3 to 4 weeks we get loose, soil like material in the pit. Remove the material
from the box, dry it in the sunlight. Use this as manure.
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b) State classification of Biomedical waste as per BMW (Management) Rules, 2016. 4M
c) Explain health problems to persons during handling municipal solid waste. 4M

Following are the Health problems to person during handling of solid waste:
1) Infections- Skin and blood infection due to direct contact with solid waste.
- Eye and respiratory infections due to infected dust.
- Various diseases due to bites of animals feeding on waste.
- Intestinal infection transmitted by flies feeding on the waste.
2) Chronic diseases- The incinerator operators are at the risk of chronic respiratory 4
diseases including cancer due to exposure of incinerated products and hazardous
compounds
3) Accidents – During handling of heavy containers, it causes bone or muscle
Disorders.
- Cutting caused due to sharp objects present in the waste
- Burning caused due to hazardous chemicals mixed in the waste
d) Suggest improvements in present practices of recycling of municipal solid 4M
Waste.
1. Suggestions for improvement in present practices of recycling of municipal solid
Waste.
2. Recycling and developing programs have to take into consideration the markets for
recovered materials, collection infrastructure and overhead. 4
3. The processing / recycling site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, One
water bodies, monuments, National Parks, Wetlands and places of important Mark
cultural, historical or religious interest. for each
4. Recycling processing units should place their processing plants in densely
populated areas where large amounts of reusable and recyclable wastes are
generated.
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4)In the case of E waste, few companies have organized a waste reception system of electrical
and electronic household waste, and generally, of bulky equipment. Due to the high content of
hazardous material and substances in these types of waste, the potential for contamination of
household waste, and of the storage where they go if they are collected mixed with domestic
waste is high.
5)The compulsoriness of handing over old car accumulators at the acquisition of new products
led to a high rate of collection of such waste. Instead, the collection of batteries is done
occasionally, very few traders taking initiatives for the purpose of recycling these products.
From this point of view it would be recommended that the law applicable at this time only to
car accumulators be extended to all electrochemical power sources.
a) Enlist varieties of Industrial solid waste. 4M
The varieties of Industrial Solid Waste are as follows:
1) Coal Ash
2) Integrated Iron & Steel Plant Slag
3) Phosphogypsum
4) Red Mud
5) Lime Mud
6) Waste Sludge and Residues
7) Potential Reuse of Solid Wastes.
1) Coal Ash: The research and development carried out in India for utilization of fly ash for
making building materials has proved that fly ash can be successfully utilized for
production of bricks, cement and other building materials.
2) Integrated Iron & Steel Plant Slag: The Blast Furnace (BF) and Steel Melting Shop
(SMS) slags in integrated iron and steel plants are at present dumped in the surrounding
areas of the steel plants making hillocks encroaching on the agricultural land.
3) Phosphogypsum: Phosphogypsum is the waste generated from the phosphoric acid, 4
ammonium phosphate and hydrofluoric acid plants. One
4) Red Mud: Red mud as solid waste is generated in non-ferrous metal extraction industries mark
like aluminum and copper. The red mud at present is disposed in tailing ponds for settling, for each
which more often than not finds its course into the rivers, especially during monsoon.
5) Lime Mud: Lime sludge, also known as lime mud, is generated in pulp & paper mills
which are not recovered for reclamation of calcium oxide for use except in the large mills.
6) Waste Sludge and Residues: Treatment of industrial wastes/effluents results in generation
of waste sludge/residues which, if not properly disposed, may cause ground and surface
water pollution.
7) Potential Reuse of Solid Wastes: Research and Development (R&D) studies conducted by
the R&D Institutions like Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee (CBRI) and the
National Council for Building Research, Ballabgarh (NCBR) reveal that the aforesaid solid
wastes has a very good potential to be utilized in the manufacture of various building
materials.
Note: Students are expected to enlist all variety of Industrial Solid Waste and have to explain
any 3 in brief.
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b) State control measures taken for industrial waste. 4M

Following are the Control measures taken for industrial waste:
1. Optimization of resources: Waste reduction at individual and institutional level goes
side by side with the utilization of raw materials.
2. Using again the Scrap Material: This is the process in which individual and industry
reuses the waste material as soon as it is produced. This keeps it from becoming a
waste material.
3. Quality control improvement and process monitoring: This technique is to ensure
that products produced are kept from rejection and this is increased by the inspection of
frequency and monitoring point’s inspection. 4
4. Exchanging Waste: This is the technique in which the waste product, which comes Any
out of a process, becomes a raw material for another process. This is another way for four
reducing waste.
5. Point of use from ship: To maintain and making deliveries for the raw materials to
be used with the manufacturing process, at the point of assembly with less packages
and wrappings can save from the waste production.
6. Zero waste: This is a whole systems approach that aims to eliminate waste at the
source and at all points down the supply chain, with the intention of producing no
waste. It is a design philosophy which emphasizes waste prevention as opposed to end
of pipe waste management.
c)
Explain provisions regarding duties of waste generator, made in MSW Rules, 4
20I6.
The provisions regarding duties of waste generator, made in MSW Rules, 20I6 are as
follows.
1)Segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely
biodegradable, non-bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and
handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per the
directions or notification by the local authorities from time to time.
2)Wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc.,
3)Store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his
own premises and shall dispose of as per the Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016
4)No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on 4
streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies. Any
5)All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as specified four
in the bye-laws of the local bodies.
6)No person shall organize an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons at
any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days in
advance and such person or the organizer of such event shall ensure segregation of
waste at source and handling over of segregated waste collector or agency as specified
by the local body.
7)Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated
during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans,
wrappers, coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit such
waste at waste storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.
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8)All resident welfare and market associations shall, within one year from the date of
notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of
waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules facilitate collection of
segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to either the
authorized waste pickers or the authorized recyclers.
9)All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area shall, within
one year from the date of notification of these rules and in partnership with the local
body, ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these
rules, facilitate collection segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable
material to either the authorized waste pickers or the authorized recyclers.
10)All hotels and restaurants shall, within one year from the date of notification of
these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of waste at source
as prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate
streams, handover recyclable material to either the authorized waste pickers or the
authorized recyclers.
d)
Explain major provisions of Construction and Demolition Waste Management 4
Rules 2016.
The Provisions for Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 are
as follows.
1.Duties of waste Generators
•Every waste generator shall segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit
at collection center or handover it to the authorized processing facilities
•Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition so as to prevent obstruction to the
traffic or the public or drains.
•Large generators (who generate more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per
project in a month) shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate approvals
from the local authority before starting construction or demolition or remodeling work,
•Large generators shall have environment management plan to address the likely
4
environmental issues from construction, demolition, storage, transportation process and
Any
disposal / reuse of C & D Waste.
four
2.Duties of Service providers and Contractors
•The service providers shall prepare a comprehensive waste management plan for
waste generated within their jurisdiction, within six months from the date of
notification of these rules,
•Shall remove all construction and demolition waste in consultation with the concerned
local authority on their own or through any agency.
3.Duties of State Government and Local Authorities
•The Secretary, UDD in the State Government shall prepare their policy with respect to
management of construction and demolition of waste within one year from date of final
notification of these rules.
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•The concerned department in the State Government dealing with land shall provide
suitable sites for setting up of the storage, processing and recycling facilities for
construction and demolition waste with one-and-a-half years from date of final
notification of these rules.
•The Town and Country planning Department shall incorporate the site in the approved
land use plan so that there is no disturbance to the processing facility on a long term
basis.
•Shall procure and utilize 10-20% materials made from construction and demolition
waste in municipal and Government contracts.
•Local Authority shall place appropriate containers for collection of waste, removal at
regular intervals, transportation to appropriate sites for processing and disposal.
•Seek assistance from concerned authorities for safe disposal of construction and
demolition waste contaminated with industrial hazardous or toxic material or nuclear
waste if any;
•0.5 to 1 million cities, shall commission the processing and disposal facility within two
years from date of final notification of these rules
•for other cities (< 0.5 million populations), shall commission the processing and
disposal facility within three years from date of final notification of these rules
•The Central Pollution Control Board shall prepare operational guidelines related to
environmental management of construction and demolition waste.
•SPCB shall grant authorization to construction and demolition waste processing facility
•Monitor the implementation of these rules by the concerned local bodies
•Submit annual report to the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Government.
e) Explain role of CPCB & MPCB in municipal solid waste management. 4
1. The roles of MPCB in municipal solid waste management are as follows 2
•To plan comprehensive program for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution
causes by solid waste and secure executions thereof,
•To collect and disseminate information relating to pollution, solid waste and the
prevention, control or abatement thereof,
•To inspect sewage or trade effluent treatment and disposal facilities, and air pollution
control systems and to review plans, etc.
•Supporting and encouraging the developments in the fields of pollution control, waste
recycle reuse, eco-friendly practices etc.
•To educate and guide the entrepreneurs in improving environment by suggesting
appropriate pollution control technologies and techniques
•Creation of public awareness about the clean and healthy environment and attending
the public complaints regarding pollution.
2. The roles of CPCB in municipal solid waste management are as follows
•Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of 2
Solid Waste generations.
•Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide program for the prevention, control or
abatement of water and air pollution;
•Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor
investigation and research relating to solid waste management system.
•Plan and organize training of persons engaged in program on the prevention, control or
abatement of water and air pollution;
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•Organize through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness program on the

prevention, control or abatement of solid waste;
•Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to solid waste and the
measures devised for their effective prevention, control or abatement;
•Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and
trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and ducts;
•Lay down, modify or annual, in consultation with the State Governments concerned, the
standards for stream or well, and lay down standards for the solid waste management.
Note: Students are expected to write 4 points each for CPCB and MCPB Roles.
Q-5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M
a)
Prepare the organization chart for any municipal corporation managing solid waste 4
and state the duties of each level.
1)Solid Waste Management activity has been decentralized zone wise. 2
2)At the Head Office the Chief Engineer is in charge for establishment of processing and
disposal sites.
3)The zonal officers look after the collection and transportation of solid waste.
4)About 80 % of the MSW activity has been outsourced.
5)Small numbers of Self Help Group’s (SHGs) are engaged in door to door collection in
some of the new areas.
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i) Suggest the appropriate management technology for the Biomedical waste category 1 to
b) 6 as per schedule-I of BMW Rules, 2016. 6
ii) Justify the need of public participation in effective management of municipal solid
waste in any city.
i.the Biomedical waste category 1 to 6 as per schedule-I of BMW Rules, 2016. 3
Category Types of waste Management Technology Change
Human and Animal anatomical waste, Incineration or Plasma it.
Pyrolysis or deep burial
Soiled Waste Incineration
Expired or Discarded Medicines Incineration
Chemical Liquid Waste Incineration
Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings Disinfection followed by
contaminated with blood or body fluid. incineration
Yellow Microbiology, Biotechnology and Incineration
other clinical laboratory waste
Contaminated waste (Recyclable) Autoclaving or micro-waving/
hydroclaving followed by
Red shredding or
mutilation or combination of
sterilization and shredding.
White Waste sharps including metals Autoclaving or dry heat
sterilization
Blue Glassware Disinfection
ii)Need of public participation in effective management of municipal solid waste in

any city:
1. To increase the awareness of solid waste management among the people.
2. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of planning process and implementation of
solid waste management.
3. To understand the planning importance and significance.
4. To play an important role in the permitting process in case of hazardous waste as well as
municipal waste facilities.
5. To improve the waste management strategies, negotiations with municipal authorities
for better involvement in decision making.
6. To achieve the 3R principles.
7. To reduce littering of waste on streets and into drains, open spaces, etc. 3
8. To encourage and assists the local composting and recycling initiatives.
c)
Suggest the relevant method of storage of solid waste for residential apartment and 6
draw a neat labelled sketch of litter bin.
1. Large numbers of open communal storage sites and unofficial dumps
2. Plastic buckets (with lids), with capacities between 7 and 10 L,
3. Plastic bins (with lids), with capacities between 30 and 60 L and equipped with handles 6
4. Galvanized steel or plastic bins (with lids), with a capacity between 50 and 70 L, One
5. Disposable plastic bags have a number of advantages
mark
6. Other items commonly used for the storage of wastes include cardboard boxes,
kerosene cans, and containers made out of truck tires for each
7. DEPOTS a depot typically consists of a single-story building about the size of a large
garage
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Q-6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

(i) state the products of incineration process with their use.
a) 6
(ii) State advantages and disadvantages of incineration process.
i. Following are the products of incineration process with their uses. 3
Products of incineration Uses
ii. advantages and disadvantages of incineration process.

Advantages of incineration: 3
1) Capable of producing energy.
2) Requires minimum land.
3) Can be operated in any weather.
4) Produces stable odour free residue.
Dis-advantages of incineration:
1) Causes air pollution.
2) Expensive to build and operate.
3) High energy requirement.
4) Require skilled personnel and continuous maintenance.
Suggest the ways of recycling of industrial waste in
b) (i) Cement and 6
(ii) Sugar industry
Ans i. Cement – Fly ash, blast furnace slag, Foamed slag, by product gypsum, Silica 3
fume, Plastic wastes bottom ash, crushed concrete fines, filter residue, paper ash
and lignite fly ash can be used in cement.
i. Sugar Industry – Coal combustion products, Garden waste for city,
3
agricultural waste, plastic waste, paper waste, waste from packaging industry
can recycled and used in sugar industry.
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c) Suggest with justification appropriate disposal method for E-waste. 6

Ans The disposal Methods of E waste are:
1) Recycling –
Recycling involves dismantling and recovery of valuable material. Monitors, CRT,
keyboards, laptop, telephone board, CD, mobiles, CPU, cables can be recycled.
2) Reuse –
By adopting second hand use with little modification we can reuse
equipment/material and thereby reducing quantity of solid waste. E.g. Donating
old version computers to primary school etc.
3) Land filling:
Trenches are made on flat surfaces or undulations on ground surface also utilized.
Soil is excavated from the trenches and waste material is buried in it, which is
covered by thick layer of soil. Presently secure land filling are provided with some 6
facilities like impervious liner made up of plastic or impervious clay. Leachate
collection basin is provided to collect and transfer the leachate to leachate
treatment plant. Environmental risk from land filling of E waste cannot be
neglected because the condition of land filling site are different from a native soil,
particularly concerning the leaching behavior of metals.
4) Incineration:
It is controlled and complete combustion process, in which the waste material is
burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature. Advantage of
incineration of E waste is the reduction of waste volume and utilization of energy
content of combustible materials. However polluted gasses and large amount of
combustions are produces.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Q-1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M

f) State the characteristics of Hazardous Solid Waste' 02

b) Explain any one method of collection of Municipal Solid Waste 4

3. Set out Set Back Service -

c) Differentiate between Area method and Trench method of landfill 4

d) Draw a neat labelled sketch of any one method of Leachate control 4

Q-3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M

b) State classification of Biomedical waste as per BMW (Management) Rules, 2016. 4M

c) Explain health problems to persons during handling municipal solid waste. 4M

b) State control measures taken for industrial waste. 4M

•Organize through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness program on the

ii)Need of public participation in effective management of municipal solid waste in

Q-6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M

Products of incineration Uses

ii. advantages and disadvantages of incineration process.

c) Suggest with justification appropriate disposal method for E-waste. 6

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