22605 SWM WINTER 2022 SOLUTION (1)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER– 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Solid Waste Management Subject Code:22605
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may tryto assess the understanding
level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given moreImportance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in thefigure. The figures drawn
by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constantvalues may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of somequestions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Q. Sub Q. Marking
Answer
No. N. Scheme
Q-1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 M
a) List two impacts of solid waste on environment. 02M
Ans. 1. Ground water contamination by the leachate generated by the waste dump
Surface water contamination by the run-off from the waste dump
2. Presence of Bad odour, insect, pests, rodents and wind-blown litter in and
around the waste dump
3. Generation of inflammable gas (e.g. methane) within the waste dump
4. Bird menace above the waste dump which affects flight of aircraft
5. Fires within the waste dump. 1M
Any of
6. Epidemics through stray animals.
two
7. Acidity to surrounding soil.
8. Waste breaks down in landfills to form methane, which causes greenhouse gas.
Carbon dioxide and Methane produced from solid waste are extremely harmful
to the environment.
9. Change in climate and destruction of ozone layer due to waste biodegradable
10.Open air dumping creates unhygienic and poses enormous threat to the
people.
b) State the importance of moisture content in managing solid waste. 02M
Ans. Microorganisms living in a compost pile need an adequate amount of moisture to survive. 02M
Moisture is very important for a composting. Without moisture, no bacteria can perform the
processes necessary for composting.
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Model Answer
c) State sources of Biomedical waste. 02M
Ans. Following are the sources of Biomedical waste:
1. Waste generated by Hospitals
2. Waste generated by nursing homes ½ Marks
3. Waste generated by clinics
each
4. Waste generated by pharmacies
(Any
5. Waste generated by pathological laboratory
four)
6. Waste generated by blood banks
7. Waste generated by medical research laboratory.
8. Waste generated by funeral homes etc.
d) State the methods for storage of household waste. 02M
Ans. Should be storage in two different bin 1
1 Wet waste Each
2 Dry waste Types
e) Define Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). 02M
Ans. 02M
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is defined as an environmental protection
strategy that makes the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life cycle of
the product and especially for the take back, recycling and final disposal of the product
f) Define Transfer Station. 02M
Ans. These are the open or closed structures built by competent authority at various locations in 02M
city and waste collected by hauling vehicles is initially transferred to these stations prior to
loading into large vehicles.
g) Define Pyrolysis. 02M
Ans. It can be defined as the thermal decomposition of organic material through the application 02M
of heat without the addition of extra air or oxygen.
OR
Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation of the waste in the total absence of air that
produces recyclable products, including char, oil/wax and combustible gases.
Q-2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 M
a) Explain the following types of wastes with an example of each (i) Agricultural 4M
waste (ii) Market waste (iii) C and D waste (iv) Domestic waste
Ans. 1.Agriculture waste - Agricultural waste means the waste generated due to agriculture- 1Marks
based activities or operations This mainly consists of spoiled food grains and vegetables, each
agricultural remains, litter, etc., generated from fields, orchards, vineyards, farms, etc.
2.Market waste -Market waste means unused or decayed or unsound vegetables, meat, fish
and fruit, and all waste from markets, stores and factories.
3.C and D waste- Construction and demolition wastes are the waste materials generated by
the construction, refurbishment, repair and demolition of houses, commercial buildings and
other structures. It mainly consists of earth, stones, concrete, bricks, metals, roofing
materials, plumbing materials, heating systems and electrical wires etc
4.Domestic waste- The solid wastes that originate from single and multi-family household
units. These wastes are generated from household activities such as cooking, cleaning,
repairs, hobbies, redecoration, empty containers, packaging, clothing, old books,
writing/new paper, and old furnishings.
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Model Answer
b) Explain the organization pattern of solid waste management 4M
Ans.
04 M for
Neat
labeled
sketch
c) Draw a neat labelled sketch of single composite liner system and label all the 4M
components.
Ans. Single composite Liner system
2M for
Sketch
and
2M for
label
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Model Answer
d) With the help of a neat labelled sketch explain the working of a Bio-gas plant. 4M
Ans.
2M for
neat
labeled
sketch
Components – 1. Mixing tank with inlet pipe and sand trap. 2. Digester. 3. outlet chamber.
4. Gasholder. 5. Gas pipe. 6. Entry hatch, with gastight seal. 7. Accumulation of thick
sludge. 8. Outlet pipe. 9. Reference level. 10. Supernatant scum, broken up by varying
level.
Working of Biogas Plant–

1. The various forms of biomass are mixed with an equal quantity of water in the mixing
tank. This forms the slurry. 2M
2. The slurry is fed into the digester through the inlet chamber.
3. When the digester is partially filled with the slurry, the introduction of slurry is
stopped and the plant is left unused for about two months.
4. During these two months, anaerobic bacteria present in the slurry decompose or
ferments the biomass in the presence of water.
5. As a result of anaerobic fermentation, biogas is formed, which starts collecting in the
dome of the digester.
6. As more and more biogas starts collecting, the pressure exerted by the biogas forces the
spent slurry into the outlet chamber.
7. From the outlet chamber, the spent slurry overflows into the overflow tank.
8. The spent slurry is manually removed from the overflow tank and used as manure for
plants.
9. The gas valve connected to a system of pipelines is opened when a supply of biogas is
required.
10. To obtain a continuous supply of biogas, a functioning plant can be fed continuously
with the prepared slurry
(Note- If the students draw the flowchart/all steps of biogas plant working then
credit upto 2M may be given)
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Model Answer
Q. Sub Q. Marking
Answer
No. N. Scheme
Q3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

h) Demonstrate the benefits of recycling of municipal solid waste with an example. 4M
Example: Recycling of plastic bottles.
1. Recycling of plastic bottles- plastic bottles can be separated at transfer
station so that reduces transportation cost and load on landfill site.
2. It also saves energy by avoiding disposal treatment and process required to
prepare new plastic bottles row material. 1M
Each
Ans 3. It avoid pollution due plastic in environment.
(Any
4. It reduces green house gas emission as we can avoid incineration for its four)
disposal.
5. Thus it helps in sustainable environment for future generation as plastic
requires thousands of year for its disposal.
(Note: Students can give any example of recycling products)
Compare Indore and Bangalore methods of composting on the following
i) points:(i) Type of composting process (ii) Duration 4M
(iii) Fly nuisance (iv) Moisture control
Points Indore method Banglore Method
Type of Aerobic method of composting Anaerobic method of
composting composting
process
Duration 2 to 4 week for stabilization 4-6 months complete
stabilization 1M
Ans Fly nuisance Better control over fly nuisance Fly breeding problem Each
associated with this
method
Moisture control Moisture control is not possible Moisture can be
controlled in this method
as we can spray water
manually.
j) State the importance of public participation in solid waste management. 4M
The Importance of Public participation in SWM is
1. To increase the awareness of solid waste management among the people.
2. To promote the principles of Reduction, Reuse, Recycling & Recovery.
3. To reduce littering of waste on streets, drains & open spaces etc 1M
4. To plan segregation of hazardous, non-hazardous; dry waste -wet waste, E waste, Each
Ans
BMW & industrial waste. (Any
5. To increase efficiency of planning & implementation of SWM four)
6. To improve management strategies with local municipal authorities.
7. To encourage composting & recycling initiatives in public & agencies
8. To understand the planning importance and significance of SWM
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Model Answer
k) Discuss segregation of Bio-medical waste as per BMW Rules - 2016. 4M
Segregate the Bio-Medical Wastes as per the colour coding (Yellow, Red, White &
Blue) for proper disposal
Sr. No Category Type of Waste
1 Yellow a) Human Anatomical Waste:
(b)Animal Anatomical Waste:
(c) Soiled Waste:
(d) Expired or Discarded Medicines:
(e) Chemical Solid Waste: 1M
Ans
(f) Chemical Liquid Waste: Each
(g) Discarded linen, mattresses, beddings
contaminated with blood or body fluid.
(h) Microbiology, Biotechnology and other
clinical laboratory waste:
2 Red Contaminated Waste (Recyclable)
3 White (Translucent) Waste sharps including Metals: Blue
4 Blue Glassware: Metallic Body Implants
Q. 4 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12 M
a) Explain the problems associated with handling and processing of solid waste. 4M
Ans Problems associated with handling and processing of solid waste:
1. There is potential risk to environment and health from improper handling of solid
wastes. Direct health risks concern mainly the workers in this field, who need to be
protected, as far as possible, from contact with waste.
2. Traffic accidents can result from toxic spilled wastes.
3. Air pollution can be caused from the inefficient burning of wastes, either in open
air, or in plants that lack effective treatment facilities from the gaseous effluents.
4. Uncontrolled hazardous wastes from industries mixing up with municipal wastes
create potential risk to human health. 1M
5. The most obvious environmental damage caused by municipal solid wastes is Each
aesthetic, the ugliness of street litter and degradation of urban environment and (Any
beauty of city. four)
6. There is specific danger of concentration of heavy metals in the food chain,a
problem that illustrates the relationship between municipal solid wastes and liquid
industrial effluents containing heavy metals discharged to a drainage/ sewerage
system and/ or open dumping sites of municipal solid wastes and the wastes
discharged
7. Municipal Solid Wastes Management Systems involves various activities like
storage, collection, transportation, disposal etc. These activities even if properly
controlled and with proper precautionary measures adopted, may have adverse
impact on land, water and air environment, human and environmental health
aesthetics and quality of life.
8. The main risk to health is indirect and arises from the breeding of disease vectors,
primarily files and rats.
9. Biodegradation of organic matter may pose health problems.
10.Mixing of Bio medical waste, Industrial waste in MSW causes health hazards.
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Model Answer
b) Discuss the origin and effects of the following E-Waste constituents on human 4M
health:
(i) Cadmium
(ii) Lead
(iii) Mercury
(iv) Hexavalent chromium
Ans E waste Origin Effects 1M
Each
Cadmium Circuit board, Cathode-ray tubes Carcinogen, affects lungs
(CRTs), Chip resister and kidneys and soften bones
semiconductor
Lead Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) ,Lead Damage to central and

rechargeable batteries, solar, peripheral nervous
transistors, lithium batteries
systems, affects
, solder
reproductive system
kidney damage, brain
development of children.
Mercury Batteries in clocks and pocket Damage to the brain and

calculators, switches, LCDs kidney , impairs to foetus
Circuit board
growth memory loss, and
muscle weakness.
Hexavalent Corrosion protection of metal Damages of lungs ,liver

chromium housing and plate in computer and kidneys, toxic
irreversible effects on
human health.
irritate the nose, throat,
and lungs.
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Model Answer
c) Explain the salient features of Plastic Waste Management Rules - 2016. 4M
Prohibition
1. Carry bag made of virgin or recycled plastic, shall not be less than fifty microns
in thickness.
2. Plastic sheet or like, which is not an integral part of multilayered packaging and
cover made of plastic sheet used for packaging, wrapping the commodity shall
not be less than fifty microns in thickness except where the thickness of such
plastic sheets impairs the functionality of the product.
Responsibility of Waste Generators
1. Waste Generators including institutional generators, event organisers
-shall not to litter the plastic waste.
- segregate waste and handover to authorized agency.
-pay user fee as prescribed by ULB and spot fine in case of violation.
Responsibility of Producer, Brand owner
1. Producer, Brand Owner need to work out modalities for waste collection system
for collecting back the plastic waste within a period of six months in consultation
with local authority / State Urban Development Department and implement with
two years thereafter.
Responsibility of local body and Gram Panchayat
1. Promote use of plastic waste for road construction as per Indian Road Congress
guidelines or energy recovery or waste to oil etc. 1M
Each
2. By notification or an order, introduce collection of plastic waste management fee
(Any
through pre registration of the producers, importers of plastic carry bags / four)
multilayered packaging and vendors selling the same. plastic waste management
fee shall be of minimum rupees forty eight thousand @ rupees four thousand per
month.
3. Prescribe higher plastic waste management fee, depending upon the production
or sale capacity.
Responsibility of retailers and street vendors
1. The shopkeepers and street vendors willing to provide plastic carry bags for
dispensing any commodity shall register with local body on payment of plastic
waste management fee of minimum rupees forty eight thousand @ rupees four
thousand per month.
2. Only the registered shopkeepers or street vendors shall be eligible to provide
plastic carry bags for dispensing the commodities
3. The registered shop keepers shall display at prominent place that plastic carry
bags are given on payment.
4. Not to sell or provide commodities to consumer in carry bags or plastic sheet or
multilayered packaging, which are not manufactured and labelled or marked, as
prescribed under these rules.
5. Defaulters liable to pay such fines as specified under the bye-laws of the local
bodies.
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Model Answer
Responsibility of CPCB/SPCBs
1. Shall not renew registration of producer unless the producer possesses and action
plan endorsed by the Secretary in charge of Urban Development for setting of
plastic waste management system.
d) State methods for recycling the following Industrial Wastes: 4M
(i) Fly Ash
(ii) Blast Furnace Slag
(iii) Lime sludge
(iv) Phosphogypsum
Ans. Industrial waste Methods of recycling
Fly Ash Fly ash waste from thermal plants is recycled for
manufacturing of cement, light weight aggregates, insulating
bricks, precast concrete, soil stabilization, land reclamation
etc.
Blast Furnace Slag Blast furnace slag from steel plants is recycled for 1M
manufacture of cement, refractory, ceramic material, Each
aggregates etc.
Lime sludge Lime sludge from paper allied industries is recycled for
manufacturing of building lime, masonry cement, lime
bricks, binder materials etc.
Phosphogypsum It can be used for manufacturing of gypsum, plaster boards,
tiles, cement products etc
e) Discuss duties of waste generators 4M
Ans. 1) Every waste generator shall: -
a) Segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely
biodegradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins
and handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per
the directions or notification by the local authorities from time to time. 1M
b) Wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the Each
(any 4
pouches provided by the manufacturers or band owners of these products or in a Points)
suitable wrapping material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the
same in the bin meant for dry waste or non bio-degradable waste.
c) Store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his
own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016.
d) Store horticulture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately
in his own premises and dispose of as per the directions of the local body from time
to time.
2) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on
streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.
3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as
specified in the bye-laws of the local bodies.
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Model Answer
4) No person shall organise an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons
at any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days
in advance and such person or the organiser of such event shall ensure segregation of
waste at source and handling over of segregated waste collector or agency as specified
by the local body.
5) Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated
during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups,
cans,wrappers, coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit
such waste at waste storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.
6) All resident welfare and market associations shall, ensure segregation of waste at
source by the generators, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams,
handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised
recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed of
through composting or bio methanation within the premises as far as possible. The
` residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local
body.
7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area ensure
segregation of waste at source, facilitate collection segregated waste in separate
streams, handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the
authorised recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and
disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within the premises as far as
possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed
by the local body.
8) All hotels and restaurants shall, ensure segregation of waste at source facilitate
collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to
either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised recyclers. The bio-degradable
waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-
methanation within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given
to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local body.
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Model Answer
Q-5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M
a) Discuss the importance of rag pickers in solid waste management 6M
1. A rag picker is a person who collects wastes in a bag from the street and locality 1 Mark
such as polythene bags, toothbrushes, used plastic items, empty tins, bottles, paper, each
etc. point
2. The removal of waste material from roads and other localities makes a clean
neighborhood.
3. These wastes can be reused for other purposes, or they can be melted and recycled
into something new.
4. Ragpickers checks on the accumulation of wastes in an area, thus making sure that
they do not become the breeding ground for disease-causing vectors such as
mosquito, flies, etc.
5. Rag-pickers properly separate the biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
6. Due to their initiative, a locality is generally free from the disease that can be
caused by increasing waste in the environment.
b) Analyze the treatment and disposal options for all categories of Bio-medical 6M
wastes
Category Type of Waste Treatment and Disposal
options
a) Human Anatomical Incineration or Plasma
Waste: Pyrolysis or deep burial*
b) Animal Anatomical
Waste
(c) Soiled Waste: Incineration or Plasma 1 Mark
Pyrolysis or deep burial* for
In absence of above Each
facilities, autoclaving or Point
micro-waving/ (any 6)
hydroclaving followed by
shredding or mutilation or
combination of
Yellow sterilization and
shredding.
(d) Expired or Discarded Expired `cytotoxic drugs
Medicines: and items contaminated
with cytotoxic drugs to be
returned back to the
manufacturer or supplier
for incineration at
temperature
>1200 0C
(e) Chemical Waste: Disposed of by
incineration or Plasma
Pyrolysis
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Model Answer
options
(f) Chemical Liquid After resource recovery,
Waste: the chemical liquid waste
shall be pre-treated before
mixing with other
wastewater. The
combined discharge shall
conform to the discharge
norms given in Schedule-
III.
(g) Discarded linen, Non- chlorinated
mattresses, beddings chemical disinfection
contaminated with blood followed by incineration
or body fluid. or Plazma Pyrolysis.
In absence of above
facilities, shredding or
mutilation or combination
of sterilization and
shredding. Treated waste
to be sent for energy
recovery or incineration
or Plazma Pyrolysis.
(h) Microbiology, Pre-treat to sterilize with
Biotechnology non- chlorinated
and other clinical chemicals on-site as per
laboratory waste: National AIDS Control
Organization or World
Health Organization
guidelines thereafter for
Incineration.
Red Contaminated Waste Autoclaving or micro-
(Recyclable) waving/ hydroclaving
followed by shredding or
mutilation or
combination of
sterilization and
shredding.
White (Translucent) Waste sharps including Autoclaving or Dry Heat
Metals: Sterilization followed by
shredding or mutilation
or encapsulation in metal
container or cement
concrete; combination of
shredding cum
autoclaving; and sent for
final disposal to iron
foundries
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Model Answer
options
Blue (a) Glassware: Disinfection (by soaking
(b) Metallic Body the washed glass waste
Implants after cleaning with
detergent and Sodium
Hypochlorite treatment)
or through autoclaving
or microwaving or
hydroclaving and then
sent for recycling.
c) With the help of neat sketches describe the following methods of collection of 6M
municipal solid waste
i. Curb service
ii. Alley service
iii. Backyard service
i. Curb (Kerb-side):Kerb side collection or curbside collection is a service 1M
provided to households, typically in urban and suburban areas, of removing
household waste. House owner is responsible for placing solid waste
containers at the curb on scheduled day. The work man come, collect and
empties the container and put back at the curb. House owner is required to take
back the empty containers from the curb to his house.
1M
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Model Answer
ii. Alley Service: The containers are placed at the alley line from where they 1M
are picked up by workmen from refuse vehicle who deposit back the empty
container.
1M
iii. Backyard Service: The workers with the vehicles carry a bin, wheel-barrow 1M
or sack or cloth to the backyard and empty the solid waste container in it. The
wheel barrow or bin is then taken to solid waste vehicle where it is emptied.
1M
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Model Answer
Q-6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 M
a) Describe the various landfilling methods 6M
Land filling methods: -

1) Area method
2) Trench method
3) Ramp method
4) Valley method
1) Area method: -The Area Method is used when the terrain is unsuitable for the
excavation of trenches in which to place the solid wastes. The filling operation
usually is started by building an earthen bund, against which wastes are placed in
thin layers and compacted as the fill progresses until the thickness of the
compacted wastes reaches a height of 2 to 3 m at the end of day’s operation a 150
mm to 300 mm layer of cover material is placed over the compacted fill. The
cover material must be hauled in by truck or earth-moving equipment from
adjacent land or from borrow-pit areas. A final layer of cover material is used
when the fill reaches the final design height.
2) Trench method:-
2 Marks
The trench method is suited to areas where an adequate depth of cover material is
For each
available at the site and where the water table is well below the surface. To start
Method
the process, a portion of the trench is dug with a bulldozer and the dirt is stockpiled
(Any 3
to form an embankment behind the first trench. Wastes are then placed in the
Methods)
trench, spread into thin layers and compacted. The operation continues until the
desired height is reached. Cover material is obtained by excavating an adjacent
trench or continuing the trench that is being filled.
3) Slope Method:- In hilly regions it is not possible to find flat ground for
landfilling, in such situation waste is placed along the sides of existing hill slope.
The wastes are spread on existing slope, compacted & covered. The cover
materials usually come from just ahead of the working face.
4) Valley Method:- At locations where natural or artificial depression exists, it is

often possible to use them effectively for land filling operations
Canyons, ravines, fry borrow pits and quarries have all used for this purpose.
The technique to place and compact solid waste in depression landfills vary with
the geometry of the site, the characteristics of the cover material, the hydrology
and geology of the site, and the access to the site.
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Model Answer
b) Discuss methods of recycling the following E-waste materials: 6M
(i) Glass
(ii) Lead.
(iii) Plastic
(iv) PCBs
(v) Batteries
(vi) Mercury
Ans. The methods of recycling the following E-waste materials.
(i) Glass : The glass can be send to CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) recycling facilities
here It will be processes to specification before being used in the manufacturing
of P.C
(ii) Lead. :Lead received from batteries , CRT glasssetc Lead are the poisonous
element which should be sends in the companies approved by CPCB for
recycling purposes.
(iii) Plastic: all plastic are sent to recyclers who use the raw materials to 1 Mark
manufacture items such as vineyard stakes, fence post etc. Each
(iv) PCBs : PCBs are sent to ISO 14001 Accredited companies where they are Point
processed in specialize smelters to recover nonrenewable resources such as
copper, gold etc.
(v) Batteries : Batteries are send to recycling companies who meet the strict
environmental standards.
(vi) Mercury: One should remove mercury containing devices such as tubes and
lamps and forward this to an CPCB approved mercury recycling plant
c) Discuss various control measures of industrial solid waste 6M
Ans. Control measures of industrial waste:
1. Optimization of resources: Waste reduction at individual and institutional level
goes side by side with the utilization of raw materials.
2. Using again the Scrap Material: This is the process in which individual and
industry reuses the waste material as soon as it is produced. This keeps it from
becoming a waste material. 1 Mark
3. Quality control improvement and process monitoring: This technique is to Each
ensure that products produced are kept from rejection and this is increased by the Point
inspection of frequency and monitoring point’s inspection.
4. Exchanging Waste: This is the technique in which the waste product, which
comes out of a process, becomes a raw material for another process. This is
another way for reducing waste.
5. Point of use from ship: To maintain and making deliveries for the raw materials
to be used with the manufacturing process, at the point of assembly with less
packages and wrappings can save from the waste production.
6. Zero waste: This is a whole systems approach that aims to eliminate waste at the
source and at all points down the supply chain, with the intention of producing no
waste. It is a design philosophy which emphasizes waste prevention as opposed to
end of pipe waste management.
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Working of Biogas Plant–

Q3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12M

Lead Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) ,Lead Damage to central and

Mercury Batteries in clocks and pocket Damage to the brain and

Hexavalent Corrosion protection of metal Damages of lungs ,liver

Land filling methods: -

4) Valley Method:- At locations where natural or artificial depression exists, it is

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