A

microproject Report on
" Collect information of countinous beams on actual site and study the
reinforcement provided"

Submitted
by

Mr. Aditya Ravindra Pol

Mr. Aakash Makardhawja Shendage
Miss. Nilofar Yaqub Shaikh

Under the guidance of

Miss. Kamble M.A

2020-21
Department of civil engineering
JSPM'S BHAGWANT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
Barshi 413401
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL 1EDUCATION

Certificate

This is to certify that to group 10 to 12

4th Semester of Diploma in civil engineering of institute, BIT college
barshi, polytechnic college, barshi (institute code : 1585) has
completed the Microsoft project satisfactory in subject Theory of
structure course code (22402) for the academic year 2020 to 2021 as
prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Barshi

.
Guide Class Counselor HOD
.

Principal

1
☆ Information about group members

Roll No. Name of student Enrollment No.

10 Mr.Aditya pol 1915850032
11 Mr.Aakash Shendage 1915850034
12 Miss.Nilofar Shaikh 1915850035
 ● Collect information of countinous beams
on actual site and study the reinforcement
provided

Different types of beams are used in the construction of

buildings and structures. These are horizontal structural
elements that withstand vertical loads, shear forces, and
bending moments. Beams transfer loads that imposed
along their length to their endpoints such as walls,
columns, foundations, etc.

In this article, different types of beams used in building

construction will be discussed based on their manner of
support, cross-section shape (profile), length, and material
Types of Beams in Constructions

There are different types of beams which are classified

based on the following conditions

1. Based on Support Conditions

2. Based on Construction Materials

3. Based on Cross-Section Shapes

4. Based on Geometry

5. Based on Equilibrium Condition

6. Based on Method of Construction

7. Others
Based on Support Conditions

1. Simply Supported Beam

It is one of the simplest structural elements that

both ends rest on supports but is free to rotate. It
contains pinned support at one end and a roller
support at the other end. Based on the assigned
load, it sustains shearing and bending.
2. Fixed Beam

It is supported at both ends and fixed to resist rotation. It

is also called a built-in beam. The fixed ends produce
moments other than the reactions.
3. Cantilever Beam

If a beam is fixed at one end and set to be free at the other

end, it is termed as a cantilever beam. The beam
distributes the load back to the support where it is forced
against a moment and shear stress. Cantilever beams allow
the creation of a bay window, balconies, and some bridges.
4. Continuous Beam

A continuous beam has more than two supports

distributed along its entire length
5. Reinforced Concrete Beams

It is constructed from concrete and reinforcement as

shown in Fig. Sometimes reinforced concrete beam is
concealed in reinforced concrete slabs and it is called
hidden beam or concealed beam.
6. Steel Beams

It is constructed from steels and used in several

applications.
 ● Continuous Beam

A beam which extends over three or more supports, joined

together so that, for a given load on one span, the effect on
the other spans can be calculated.
Countinous beam in Bridge
Countinous beam in building
Advantages of Countinuous beam

● When beams have the same span and section, the

vertical load capacity of the beam increases

● Deflection of the mid-span is reduced when using

continuous beams

● When used in bridges, continuous beams reduce the

number of decks and bearings that are to be used.
Hence, there is less maintenance

● The number of anchorages of tendons used is reduced

in construction

● The load path is redundant. This opens up the

possibility for creation of hinges in extreme situations

● Using these beams is quite economical as the design

not only strengthens the structure but minimizes the
weight and material cost too

● These beams have lower sensitivity to vibrations and

can perform better in load reversal conditions like
earthquakes
Disadvantages of Countinous beam

● The constructions are complex when using these

beams, and hence, needs high skilled team for
analyzing and designing procedures

● The columns themselves have increased internal

forces

● Increased shortening of beam causes lateral force on

the supporting beams
 Reinforcement

obtained by mixing cement, sand, and aggregates with

water. Fresh concrete can be moulded into almost any
shape, giving it an inherent advantage over other
materials. Steel reinforcement is available in the form of
plain steel bars, deformed steel bars, cold-drawn wire,
welded wire.
Different Type of Steel Reinforcement Bars

Different types of steel bars are used in Concrete

Structures. Reinforced Steel bars are used to strengthen
the concrete structure that makes it long lasting.

1. Hot Rolled Deformed Bars

2. Cold Rolled Steel Bars

3. Mild Steel Bars

4. Twisted Steel Bars

5. Welded Steel Wire

 ● Hot Rolled Deformed Bars

Hot rolled deformed bars are also known as Thermo

mechanically treated bars or TMT Bars. In RCC
(Reinforced Concrete Structure) TMT Bars are commonly
used for its superior tensile strength. The Ribs on TMT
Bars provide superior bonding in Cement Concrete. Best
quality TMT Bars has a tensile strength of 64000 psi (PSI
– Strength of Concrete is measured in pounds per square
inch).
 ● Cold Rolled Steel Bars

Cold Rolled Steel bars looks similar as Hot rolled bars

although these are made at room temperature. These bars
consists poor strength and easily bendable. Cold Rolled
bars are almost obsolete from the market though these are
used for some construction that does not need much
tolerance. It carries tensile strength upto 60000 psi.
 ● Mild Steel Bars

This bar does not have any ribs; it comes with plain
surface and in round shape. Mild Steel Bars are used in
RCC for beam, slabs etc. The Tensile Strength is upto
40000 psi. Mild Steel Bars does not bond well with
concrete and it is poor in 2quality that is why it is used in
small projects with budget constraint.

2
 ● Twisted Steel Bars

Twisted Steel Bars are also known as Prestressing tendons.

These are comprised of different wires almost 7 wires spun
together into a strand. Twisted Steel Bar carries high
tensile strength upto 270000 psi. These are mainly used
on braces of scaffolds for prestressing Reinforced Cement
Concrete. Its high tensile strength makes it conceivable.
 ● Welded Steel Wire

Welded Steel Wires consist of weld mesh. It produces

medium tensile strength. These are used for partitions,
fencing etc. It’s available in different diameters and the
strength is higher than mild steel bar, which is why it is
widely accepted for particular segments in construction for
better efficiency.

It is important to know that Thermo mechanically Treated

bars (TMT Bars) are widely accepted worldwide for its
high tensile strength. TMT Bars not only provide strength
it is flexible enough as well. That is why it gives maximum
protection during any natural disaster such as earthquake,
flood etc. TMT Bars consists of less amount of carbon that
is why it is less fatigue and highly corrosion resistant as
well.

As per IS Standards Fe 500d grade of TMT Bar has the

perfect combination of strength & flexibility. That is why it
is most recommended for construction purpose.
Thank You