MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE

What impulse is produced by a force of 1kN that acts on

Adebowale's face for 0.2 seconds?
Inspector Abodunrin fires a bullet of mass 20g towards a terrorist
on the run. If the velocity of the bullet is 9000m/s, calculate its
momentum.

Inspector Abodunrin fires a bullet of mass 20g towards a

terrorist on the run. If the initial velocity of the bullet is
9000m/s, and the final velocity of the bullet just before hitting
the terrorist is 3000m/s. Calculate the change in the
momentum of the bullet momentum.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
Mr. Somebody applies a force of 50N for 3 seconds on a toy car. If
the mass of the toy car is 300g: (a)calculate its change in velocity.
(b) if the initial velocity of the toy car is 100m/s, what is its final
velocity?
 COLLISION
Collision occurs when two objects hit each other. Consider two
objects 'a' and 'b' with masses 'Ma' and 'Mb' moving towards each
other with initial velocities 'Ua' and 'Ub'. When they collide, the
law of conservation of linear momentum must be obeyed.
The law of conservation of linear momentum states that in an
isolated (closed) system of colliding objects/particles, the total
momentum before collision must be equal to the total
momentum after collision.
 4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a boy throwing a ball at an object in a fairground.

object

Fig. 3.1

The ball has a mass of 190 g and travels horizontally with a constant speed of 6.9 m / s.

(a) Calculate the momentum of the ball.

momentum = ......................................................... [2]

(b) After hitting the object, the ball bounces back along the same straight path with a speed of
1.5 m / s. The object has a mass of 1.8 kg.

Calculate the speed of the object after it is hit by the ball.

speed = ......................................................... [3]

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(c) The kinetic energy of the ball is 4.5 J before the collision and 0.2 J after the collision.

Calculate the change in total kinetic energy of the ball and object during the collision.

change in total kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2023 0625/43/O/N/23 [Turn over

0625/43 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2023
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(a) 1.3 kg m / s A2

p = mv OR (p =) mv OR 0.19  6.9 OR 190  6.9 C1

OR 1.3  10n

3(b) (speed of object =) 0.89 m / s OR 0.88 m / s A3

momentum before (collision) = momentum after (collision) C1

OR 1.3 (kg m / s) = –(0.19  1.5) (kg m / s) + 1.8 v (kg m / s)
OR (momentum of object =) 1.3 (kg m / s) + (0.19  1.5) (kg m / s)
OR (momentum of object =) 1.3 (kg m / s) + 0.29 (kg m / s)
OR (momentum of object =) 1.6 (kg m / s)

(speed of object =) {1.3 + (0.19  1.5)} / 1.8 (m / s) C1

OR (speed of object =) 1.6 / 1.8

3(c) (loss of KE =) 3.8 J OR 3.6 J A3

KE = ½ mv2 OR (KE =) ½ mv2 OR ½  1.8  0.892 C1

((final) KE of object) = 0.70 (J) OR 0.71 (J) C1

OR (KE =) 4.5 – (0.2 + calculated KE of object)

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 4

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a boy throwing a ball at an object in a fairground.

object

Fig. 3.1

The ball has a mass of 190 g and travels horizontally with a constant speed of 6.9 m / s.

(a) Calculate the momentum of the ball.

momentum = ......................................................... [2]

(b) After hitting the object, the ball bounces back along the same straight path with a speed of
1.5 m / s. The object has a mass of 1.8 kg.

Calculate the speed of the object after it is hit by the ball.

speed = ......................................................... [3]

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 5

(c) The kinetic energy of the ball is 4.5 J before the collision and 0.2 J after the collision.

Calculate the change in total kinetic energy of the ball and object during the collision.

change in total kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

© UCLES 2023 0625/43/O/N/23 [Turn over

 4

2 (a) Define impulse.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a rocket and its exhaust gases.

rocket

exhaust gases

Fig. 2.1

The exhaust gases are emitted from the rocket with a velocity of 1400 m / s and at a rate
of 2800 kg / s.

(i) Show that the force exerted on the rocket by the exhaust gases is 3900 kN.

State the equation you use.

[2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum mass that this force can lift from the ground. Ignore air resistance.

maximum mass = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]
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3 (a) A balloon of mass 15 g is glued to a straw. The straw is threaded onto a horizontal string, as
shown in Fig. 3.1.
The balloon is filled with air and then the air is released.

horizontal
string direction of motion of balloon

hollow straw fixed to balloon

balloon

Fig. 3.1

As the air leaves the balloon, the balloon experiences a force.

The balloon accelerates from rest until it reaches a constant speed. It then travels 0.67 m in
0.18 s at this constant speed.

(i) Explain in words what is meant by the term impulse.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Calculate the resultant impulse on the balloon while it is accelerating.

impulse = ......................................................... [3]

(iii) Explain how momentum is conserved as the balloon accelerates.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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