Name Date Class

Content Vocabulary

Transporting Materials
Directions: Each of the sentences below is false. Make the sentence true by replacing the underlined word(s) with
a term from the list below. Write your changes on the lines provided. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its
plural form.

Calorie detect homeostasis immunity lymphocyte

nutrient organ system protein vessel

1. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are

types of Calories.

2. Steady internal conditions when external conditions

change is called immunity.

3. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large

intestine provide an example of a(n) immunity that
works to achieve digestion.

4. Blood moves through your body in tubes called detects.

5. Proteins are a measure of the amount of energy in food.

6. A(n) homeostasis is a type of white blood cell that

protects the body from infection.

7. If you get chicken pox, your body produces antibodies.

You then have nutrients, which will protect you from
getting infected with chicken pox again.

8. Immune cells vessel viruses, bacteria, and other foreign

substances that are not normally made in the body.

9. Organ systems are made up of long chains of amino

acids.
Name Date Class

Lesson Outline
Transporting Materials
A. The Body’s Organization

1. are groups of organs in the body that work together to

form a specific task.
2. Organ systems work together to maintain , or steady
internal conditions, even when external conditions change.

B. Digestion and Excretion

1. Food is broken down in the body during .
a. After food enters the mouth, breaks food into smaller
parts.
b. , which contains enzymes, also helps the mouth
break down food.
2. When you swallow, food, water, and other liquids move into the
, a hollow tube that connects the mouth to the
stomach.
3. From the stomach, food next moves into the , which
has functions of digestion and absorption.
4. The , or colon, receives digested food that the small
intestine did not absorb and absorbs water from the remaining waste material.
5. are the parts of food needed for the body to grow and
survive.

a. Nutrition labels on food show the amount of each in

a food.
b. Nutrients in absorbed food contain energy, which is measured
in .

6. After digestion, substances that are not used are removed by the
, which includes the lungs, skin, liver, kidneys, bladder,
and rectum.

C. Respiration and Circulation

1. The exchanges gases between the body and the
environment. enters the body when you inhale.
leaves the body when you exhale.
Name Date Class

Lesson Outline continued

2. The heart, blood, and blood vessels make up the .

a. Your is made up of muscle cells that constantly
contract and relax, pumping blood to the rest of your body.
b. Blood travels through your body in tiny tubes called .
c. The three main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins,
and .

3. Blood contains red blood cells, , and white blood cells.

a. The liquid part of blood is called .

b. carry oxygen, and
protect the body from infection and disease.
c. help the body heal when you get a cut.

d. Scientists classify the proteins found on the surface of red blood cells into groups
called , which include, type A, type B, type AB, and
type O.
4. The tonsils, the spleen, the thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes are part of
the . The lymphatic system has three main functions—
removing excess , producing
, and absorbing and
transporting .

5. Protection from infection or toxins is called .

a. The system produces immune cells, and

the system transports them throughout the body.

b. As part of the first line of defense,

and prevent toxins and other substances from
entering the body.

c. During the second line of defense or the immune response,

attack and destroy harmful substances.

d. The third line of defense includes

and , which help fight pathogens that have infected
the body.
Name Date Class

Content Practice A
Transporting Materials
Directions: Place a check mark in the column that describes each disease.

1. Types of Diseases

Disease Caused by Bacteria Caused by Virus Noninfectious

heart disease

colds

AIDS

cancer

diabetes

strep throat

chicken pox

allergy

Directions: Respond to the statement in the space provided.

2. Draw what happens first, next, and last when a lymphocyte recognizes a pathogen by
drawing a pathogen and lymphocyte in each frame. Label your drawings.

First Next Last

Name Date Class

Content Practice B
Transporting Materials
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided. Use complete sentences.

1. What is the function of the digestive system? What organs does this body system include?

2. What is the function of the excretory system? What organs does this body system include?

3. What is the function of the respiratory system?

4. What is the function of the circulatory system?

5. What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

6. What is immunity?
Name Date Class

Math Skills

Use Proportions
Two equal ratios may be written as a proportion: 1 = 2 . If one of the numbers in a
2 4
proportion is unknown, you can cross multiply to solve for the unknown number. For

example, if 2 = 4 then
3 x'
2(x) = 4 × 3
2(x) = 12
x=6

If 100 g of chocolate candy provides 520 Calories (C) of energy, how many Calories would
you get from 50 g of the candy?

Step 1 Use the information in the problem to write a proportion. The same unit will be in
the numerator of each fraction, and the other unit will be in the denominator.
100 g 50 g
=
520 C x
Step 2 Find the cross products.
100 g (x) = 520 C × 50 g
100 g (x) = 26,000 C g

Step 3 Solve for x by dividing.

100 g (x ) 26, 000 C g
=
100 g 100 g
x = 260 C
Practice
1. There are 48 Calories (C) of energy in 3. There are 370 Calories (C) of energy in
40 g of rice. How many Calories are in 160 g of fried chicken. How many
160 g of rice? Calories are in 120 g of fried chicken?

2. How many Calories (C) of energy are 4. 140 g of apple contains about
in 165 g of banana if there are 100 C 80 Calories (C) of energy. How many
in 110 g of banana? grams of apples would you need to eat
to consume 360 Calories?
Name Date Class

School to Home
Transporting Materials
Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question or respond to each statement.

1. The body needs the nutrients in food to grow and survive.

What happens to nutrients during the processes of digestion, absorption, and excretion?

2. The circulatory system transports nutrients through the body.

Identify the main parts of the circulatory system and explain what each part does.

3. Oxygen reaches the body’s organs through the respiratory and circulatory
systems.
Describe the interaction between the respiratory and circulatory systems that delivers
oxygen to the body’s organs.

4. The lymphatic system helps defend the body against viruses, bacteria, and
toxins.
Explain how immune cells from the lymphatic system help protect the body.
Name Date Class

Key Concept Builder

Transporting Materials
Key Concept How do nutrients enter and leave the body?
Directions: Use terms from the concept map to answer each question or respond to each statement.

liver large intestine

pancreas The Digestive System small intestine

esophagus mouth stomach

1. What is digestion?

2. List the order in which digestion takes place.

3. What part does the mouth play in digestion?

4. What do the liver and pancreas produce to assist digestion?

5. What happens in the small intestine?

6. What are nutrients?

7. What enters the large intestine?

8. What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

Name Date Class

Key Concept Builder

Transporting Materials
Key Concept How do nutrients enter and leave the body?
Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase that correctly completes each sentence.

1. The purpose of the excretory system is to remove , liquid,

and waste from the body.

2. Several organs make up the excretory system, including the lungs, skin,
kidneys , ,
and .

3. One organ that is part of the digestive and excretory systems is

the .

4. As part of the excretory system, the liver .

5. As the liver breaks down proteins, .

6. When you breathe out you exhale carbon dioxide and .

7. By sweating, you remove and

from your body.

8. The kidneys make .

9. Urine includes , , and other

waste chemicals.

10. Urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder through the .

11. Feces are stored in the until they are removed from the body.

12. One type of fiber that is not digested as it travels through the digestive system
is .
Name Date Class

Key Concept Builder

Transporting Materials
Key Concept How do nutrients travel through the body?
Directions: Answer each question in the space provided.

Respiration Circulation
1. What is respiration? 8. What is circulation?

2. Which six body parts make up the 9. What makes up the circulatory system?
respiratory system?

3. What does respiration supply to the body? 10. What does circulation transport throughout
What does respiration remove from the body? the body?

4. What role does the diaphragm play in 11. What is the function of the heart?
respiration?

5. What two body systems is the pharynx part of? 12. How does blood travel through the body?

6. What path does air take as it enters the body? 13. What are the main types of blood vessels?

7. What is the function of the alveoli? 14. What is the difference in function between
arteries and veins?
Name Date Class

Key Concept Builder

Transporting Materials
Key Concept How does the body defend itself from harmful invaders?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.

1. Tonsils are found in your throat and are part of the lymphatic system.

2. The lymphatic system includes the spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and
capillaries.

3. The spleen has an important function—it stores red blood cells.

4. White blood cells are stored by the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow.

5. One important function of the lymphatic system is to remove white blood

cells.

6. Removing excess fluid around organs also is the job of the lymphatic system.

7. Lymph vessels are found throughout the body.

8. Lymph nodes remove white blood cells, wastes, and other harmful substances
from the body.

9. White blood cells are important because they transport carbon dioxide.

10. By providing immunity for the body, the lymphatic system helps maintain
homeostasis.

11. Lymphocytes are attacked by bacteria that have infected the body.

12. Special immune cells make special proteins, called bacterium, that help fight
infection.

13. Vaccines help the body develop antibodies against certain diseases.
Name
Enrichment
Artificial Blood
Blood is essential for life. It carries
oxygen to and carries carbon dioxide away
from all body cells. Blood also brings
nutrients from the digestive system to cells
and transports hormones from glands to
target cells. It carries wastes and toxic
materials to the liver and kidneys, which
filter these materials out of blood. Blood
carries immune system cells throughout
the body. In addition, blood helps regulate
the body’s temperature and blood pressure.
Catastrophic Blood Loss
Due to accidents, major surgeries, and
other serious conditions, people sometimes
lose blood. A sudden significant loss of blood
can be fatal within seconds. Emergency
medical technicians (EMTs) can sometimes
stop the bleeding and give blood volume
expanders or plasma, which can maintain
blood pressure long enough for the body to
produce more red blood cells. Sometimes,
however, plasma doesn’t work because there
aren’t enough red blood cells left to carry
the required amount of oxygen to cells.
Why Not Transfusions?
Transfusions of whole blood are the best
therapy, but blood transfusions are not
always available. Whole blood must be kept
cool and must be discarded after 42 days.
Blood can’t be carried by EMTs in quantities
Applying Critical-Thinking Skills
Directions: Respond to each statement.
1. Summarize a benefit and a disadvantage of using artificial blood in an emergency.
2. Predict what consequences there might be to accident victims if EMTs carried real blood.
3. Describe three functions of real blood that cannot be performed by current artificial
blood products.
Date Class
of all the blood types that are needed.
Moreover, precious time can be lost while
typing a victim’s blood. Giving the wrong
type of blood can be fatal.
How Does Artificial Blood Work?
Artificial blood works like real blood to
exchange gases by passive diffusion. Unlike
real blood, it can be sterilized to kill
pathogens, such as HIV, and it doesn’t have
different types. Artificial blood has a very
long shelf life, and it doesn’t require
refrigeration. People who object to blood
transfusions on religious grounds can
accept a kind of artificial blood that is not
hemoglobin-based. In spite of the benefits,
the development of artificial blood has had
its problems. Some artificial blood products
that were released for use in the 1980s and
1990s had side effects such as stroke, heart
attack, and soaring blood pressure. None of
those artificial blood products are in use
today.
New Artificial Blood on the Horizon
Two kinds of artificial blood that are
still in human trials should be released for
use in the United States soon. In the future,
new forms of artificial blood might be able
to carry nutrients, enzymes, hormones, and
antioxidants in addition to oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
Name Date Class

Challenge

Determining a Normal Heart Rate

A normal pulse, or heart rate, for an adult at rest is anywhere between 60 and 100 beats
per minute. What does that mean? How would that information apply to you, to a trained
athlete, to an elderly woman, or an infant? Do these factors affect what is normal?
Design a Questionnaire and Take a Survey
Design a questionnaire that includes questions that will inform you of factors that might
affect heart rate. For example, you might include an item along the lines of, “Check the age
group that applies to you: 10–15, 16–25, 26–40, 41–65, over 65.” This item is tactful and
informative because it allows you to classify people as adolescent, youth, young adult,
middle age, or advancing age.
A good questionnaire will also include questions about a person’s gender, activity level,
fitness level, general body size. Respect the privacy of those you are interviewing. Do not
share specific information about a person with others and allow those who feel uncomfortable
to opt out of participating in your study. Your questionnaire should include at least five ways
to categorize participants. Next, determine your sample size and how you will distribute the
questionnaire. Remember that the larger the sample size is, the more reliable the data will
be. You will need pulse data from each responder, so you might want to distribute the
questionnaire personally. Have as many participants as possible in each category. Devise a
data table in which you can record the results from the questionnaire.

Take Pulse Data

Take all pulses in the same environment to eliminate noise, temperature, and other
variables. Record a heart rate twice from each participant using the following procedure:
a. Have the participant sit and relax for five minutes.
b. Use your third and fourth fingers to find the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist. Count
the beats in 15 seconds, multiply by 4, and record the pulse in beats per minute.
c. Have the participant walk leisurely around the room or in place for three minutes. If the
participant cannot do this, you will need to create a special category for this data.
d. After 3 minutes of activity, take the pulse again and record this pulse.
Study your data. Are there any trends in your categories that affect what might be a normal
heart rate for that group? What is the average heart rate overall? Do athletes’ generally have a
faster or a slower heart rate? Do females have a faster heart rate than males? Are the results
different if they are athletic females? Create graphs in each of your categories (age, gender,
fitness, etc.) to display your data and your results. Present your findings to your class.
Name Date Class

Lesson Quiz A
Transporting Materials
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where do nutrients enter the body?
A. the mouth
B. the stomach
C. the esophagus
2. Which sequence describes the order in which food is processed in the digestive
system?
A. digestion absorption excretion
B. absorption digestion excretion
C. excretion absorption digestion

3. Nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood in the
A. liver.
B. small intestine.
C. white blood cells.

Completion
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is
used only once.

antibody homeostasis immunity lymphocyte plasma

4. Protection from infection or toxins is called .

5. is the part of the blood that carries water and nutrients.

6. The body must maintain steady internal conditions, or ,

even when external conditions change.

7. A(n) protects the body by traveling through the circulatory

system and removing or destroying pathogens.

8. A(n) quickly attacks bacteria or viruses that have invaded

the body.
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Lesson Quiz B
Transporting Materials
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which sequence describes the correct order in which nutrients travel through
the body?
A. stomach esophagus small intestine large intestine
B. stomach large intestine esophagus small intestine
C. esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine
D. esophagus large intestine stomach small intestine

2. Which substance contains enzymes that break down food after foods enters the
mouth?
A. bile
B. urea
C. saliva
D. plasma
3. What is the main function of the small intestine?
A. It traps harmful substances.
B. It produces white blood cells.
C. It stores and releases antibodies.
D. It passes digested food into the blood.

Completion
Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence.

4. Protection from infection or toxins is called .

5. is the part of the blood that carries water and nutrients.

6. The body must maintain steady internal conditions, or ,

even when external conditions change.

7. A(n) protects the body by traveling through the circulatory

system and removing or destroying pathogens.

8. A(n) quickly attacks bacteria or viruses that have invaded

the body.