General Biology 1

Modified Strategic Intervention Materials

Quarter 1 Week 1
General Biology 1
Modified Strategic Intervention Materials
Senior High School – Quarter 1: Week 1: Cell Theory
Cell Structure and Functions

Development Team
Author: Rosve Gene T. Ramos
Cover Art Illustrator: Erich D. Garcia
Reviewer: Paz I. Calas
Editor: Paz I. Canlas
Layout: Gilbert M. Datu

Management Team
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESOV, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science

Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline Number: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

 Title Card: I am a CELL-Everything!!!
Lesson 1: CELL THEORY

Guide Card

What do I need to know?

1. What is a cell?
2. Where do cells come from?
3. Who are the individuals involved in cell theory?
4. What are their contributions?
5. What is/are the parts of cell theory?

Learning Competency
Explain the postulates of the cell theory.

Learning Objectives
1. Explain cell theory
2. Differentiate each idea within cell theory
3. Identify important personalities in cell theory

What Is a cell?
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions
of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into
energy, and carry out specialized functions.
In this material, the students will learn different ideas regarding the origin of cells, how they
multiply and their importance in life. It also includes the important personalities who have given great
contributions in formulation of Unified Cell Theory.

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Pre-Test
1. What is the basic unit of life?
a. a. cell b. tissue c. organ d. organ system
2. What is the name of the scientist who coined the term “cell” for the box-like structures which
was observed while viewing cork?
a. a.Anton Van Leeuwenhoek b.Matthias Schleiden
b. c.Robert Hooke d.Rudolph Virchow
3. What was the collective term that Anton Van Leeuwenhoek used after observing the movement
of Protista and Sperm?
a. animalcules b. bacteria c. cell d. virus
4. The scientific theory that all living organisms are made of cells is known as:
a. Cell theory c. Molecular theory
b. Life-Origin theory d. Spontaneous Generation theory
5. Which of the following is NOT included in the cell theory?
a. All living things are composed of one or more cells
b. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
c. Cells that are needed just pops out of our body
d. Cell is the basic unit of life
6. What is the idea behind Spontaneous Generation?
a. Living organisms are made up of cells
b. Living organisms arise from non-living things
c. Non-living things arise from living organisms
d. Non-living things are made up of cells
7. Rudolph Virchow stated that:
a. All living things are composed of one or more cells
b. All cells arise from pre-existing cells
c. Cells that are needed just pops out of our body
d. Cell is the basic unit of life
8. Theodor Schwann is a German Physician who stated that:
a. All animals are made up of cells
b. All plants are made up of cells
c. All animals are made up of bacteria
d. All plants are made up of bacteria
9. Matthias Schleiden is a German Botanist who formulated that:
a. All animals are made up of cells
b. All plants are made up of cells
c. All animals are made up of bacteria
d. All plants are made up of bacteria
10. The process whereby one cell divides to produce more than one cell is called:
a. Cell Division c. Cell Propagation
b. Cell Multiplication d. Cell Synthesis
11. What do you call the power derived from the utilization of physical and chemical resources?
a. carbohydrate c. speed
b. energy d. strength
12. What do you call the hereditary material that is passed down from one cell to another?
a. DNA b. RBC c. Trait d. WBC
13. The part of a cell which hold the genetic material is known as:
a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria c. nucleus d. ribosome
14. A group of cell is called:
a. Cells b. organ c. organ system d. tissue
15. Which of the following is an addition in the Modern Cell Theory?
a. All cells have the same basic composition
b. All living organisms are made up of cells
c. Cells are the basic unit of life
d. Non-living things are made up of cells

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Review:
All living organisms on the planet are made up of tiny individual units. Without these units,
living organisms cannot function the way they do now. These individual building blocks of every living
organism are known as cells.

Activity Card
AM I LIVING OR NOT?
Identify the following images whether they are living or non-living things. Write your answer on
the line provided. Write your answer on the line provided.

1. 2

Plant ____________________________ Soil ______________________________

3. 4.

Plant ____________________________ Plant ____________________________

5. 6.

Plant ____________________________ Plant ____________________________

7 8.

Plant ____________________________ Plant ____________________________

9. 10

Plant ____________________________ Plant ____________________________

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Discussion of Activity
Biotic and abiotic are the two essential factors responsible for shaping the ecosystem. The biotic
factors refer to the living components of an ecosystem, and the abiotic factors refer to the non-living,
chemical and physical components of the ecosystem. Therefore, both abiotic and biotic resources affect
survival and reproduction processes.
Since the cell theory focuses on the production of cells, where they came from and what they are,
it is better to understand the difference between an organism composed of cells, and things which are
not.

Important Points

Biotic Factors
Biotic factors relate to all the living things in the ecosystem. Their presence and their biological
by-products affect the composition of an ecosystem. Biotic resources include all living organisms from
animals and humans, to plants, fungi, and bacteria. The interactions between various biotic factors are
necessary for the survival and reproduction of each species.

Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors refer to all the non-living chemical and physical factors present in the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Sunlight, air, precipitation, minerals, and soil are some
examples of abiotic factors. These factors have a significant impact on the survival and reproduction of
species in an ecosystem.
For instance, without an adequate amount of sunlight, autotrophic organisms may not be able to
survive. When these organisms eventually die, it will create a shortage of food for primary consumers.

GUIDED ACTIVITY CARD 2: Find me a match!!!

Directions: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the letter of answer on the
blank provided.
A B

_____1. Rudolph Virchow a. Stated that all plants are made up of cell
_____2. Cell b. Coined the term “cell”
_____3. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek c. He used microscope to observe protozoans
_____4. DNA d. Stated that cells come from pre-existing cells
_____5. Nucleus e. Collective term for observed protozoans
_____6. Robert Hooke f. Process by which cells increase their number
_____7. Matthias Schleiden g. Basic unit of life
_____8. Animalcules h. Hereditary material passed from one cell t
_____9. Cell Division another
_____10. Theodor Schwann i. Part of cell that holds the genetic material
j. Stated that all animals are made up of cells

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 Enrichment Card
Guided Activity 1
Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.

composition Rudolph Virchow reproduce Cell theory

virus biological living DNA

life Theodor Schwann large intestine pre-existing cell

Robert Hooke energy cell Matthias Schleiden

All (1)_________ organisms on the planet are made up of tiny individual units called cells. We can
think about these units as the basic unit of life, which make all (2)__________ processes possible.
The (3)_________ is a scientifically and universally accepted theory that was formulated and
proposed in the mid-17th century. The discovery of the cell is attributed to a famous scientist
named (4) ___________ in the year 1665.
He viewed cork cells under the microscope and was able to identify compartment-like structures.
The cell theory, as we know it today, was formulated in the years 1838 and 1839. German Scientist
(5)_________
studied plant cells and postulated that they made up of cells. The following year, in
1839, (6)_______________ put forth his proposal with regards to animal cells, postulating that
every element in animals is made up of cells.
Nineteen years later, (7)_____________ completed the cell theory by providing the final postulate,
which states that every cell is generated from pre-existing cells. Because of their contribution, the
Cell Theory has been formulated which includes the following part:
All living organisms are made up of one or more (8)_______.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of (9)______.
Cells arise from (10)_________.
Time has passed and due to improvement of scientific knowledge, new parts of the cell theory has
been added. There are now 6 parts of the Modern Cell Theory, the additional 3 parts are as follows:
(11)________ flow occurs within cells.
Hereditary information or (12)_______ is passed on from one cell to another.
All cells have the same basic (13)_________.
A few exceptions to the cell theory exist. These are:
(14)__________ are considered to be non-living because they cannot replicate or reproduce, despite
having their genetic material.
The very first cell did not arise from a precursor cell.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts, although present within the cell, have their own genetic material
and can (15)___________ independently from the cell they are present in.

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Guided Activity 2
Answer me!!!
Fill in the crossword with the correct parts of the digestive system.

4 5

1 2 3

3 6

Across

1. He formulated the idea that all plants are made up of cells

2. Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources
3. Collective term which used after observing the movement of Protista and Sperm
4. Single-celled organism

Down
1. He formulated the idea that all animals are made up of cells
2. Basic structure and functional unit of life
3. Coined the term “cell”
4. Considered to be non-living because they cannot replicate or reproduce
5. Hereditary material passed down from one cell to another
6. He observed tiny group of protist and classified them as animalcules

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Independent Activity 1
WORD SEARCH
Directions: Connect the letters using a line and find 10 words listed below. Words appear straight
across, backward straight across, up and down, down and up, and diagonally.

T V B Y A S E L U C L A M I N A

S I A W Q R P L Y N G T D G O F

I R C X U F G G V J N T Y R S H

N C T A C U R S I S W A X S J O

A H E J N E X L R J X V W O T O

T O R V N M L R U U Q L Z H O K

O W I E U O R L S H F X W L C E

B Z A Q P P V N E D I E L H C S

Cell Schwann Botanist Virus Hooke

Animalcules Bacteria Schleiden Energy Virchow

Reflection Card

Reflection Activity
Give examples of living and non-living things based on the understanding on the key concepts provided
by the Cell Theory.
Living Organism Non-living thing

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 Assessment Card
Based on what you have learned about the postulates of the cell theory, are you ready to have a test?

WHO/WHAT AM I?

________1. I am the basic unit of life

________2. I coined the term “cell”
________3. I am a botanist who stated that plants are made up of cells
________4. I formulated the idea that animals are made up of cells
________5. I called the protist I observed under microscope as “animalcules”
________6. I completed the cell theory by proving that cells come from pre-existing cell
________7. I have genetic material but I cannot replicate or reproduce
________8. I am the hereditary material passed from one cell to another
________9. I am the part of the cell which carries the genetic material
________10. I am the power that enables living organism to function

Reference Card

• “Cell Theory: A Core Principle of Biology”. Accessed April 20, 2018.

• “What is Cell Theory? – Definition, Timeline & Parts – Video & Lesson Transcript |
Study.com”. Accessed April 20, 2018.
• “History of Biology: Cell Theory and Cell Structure – Biology Encyclopedia – cells, plant, body,
function, process, animal, different, organisms, chromosomes”. Accessed April 20, 2018.

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 Answer Card

Pre-Test ACTIVITY CARD #1 AM I LIVING OR NOT?

1. A 6. B 11. B 1.Living 6. Living
2. C 7. B 12. A 2. Non-living 7. Non-living
3. A 8. A 13. C 3. Non-living 8. Living
4. A 9. B 14. D 4. Living 9. Non-living
5. C 10. A 15. A 5. Non-Living 10. Living

ACTIVITY CARD 2: ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY #1

1. D 6. B 1. Living 6. Theodor Schwann 11. Energy

2. G 7. A 2. Biological 7. Rudolph Virchow 12. DNA
3. C 8. E 3. Cell Theory 8. Cell 13. Composition
4. H 9. F 4. Robert Hooke 9. Life 14. Virus
5. I 10. J 5. Matthias Schleiden 1 0. Pre-existing cells 15. Reproduce

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY #2
4.
5.D
V

1.S 2.C 3.H L E I D E N

6.
C E O R 3.A N I M A C U L E S
L

H L O U E

W L K S E

A E U

N W

2.E N E R G Y E

4.B A C T E R I A

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 10
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY #1
ASSESSMENT CARD #2
WHO/WHAT AM I?
1. Cell 6. Rudolph Virchow
2. Robert Hooke 7. Virus
3. Matthias Schleiden 8. DNA
4. Theodor Schwann 9. Nucleus
5. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 10. Energy
 Title Card
Lesson 2: Cell Structure and Functions

Guide Card
Learning Competency
Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles

Learning Objectives
1. Define organelles
2. Identify the different parts of a cell
3. Describe the structure and function of the different parts of the cell

Pre-Test
Direction: To start off, you have to answer the following questions and write the letter of your answer
on your notebook.
1. A cell is observed to contain a nucleus, chloroplast and a mitochondria. From this statement, you can
conclude that the cell is:
a. a plant cell b. an animal cell c. a bacteria cell d. a prokaryotic cell
2. A cell with relatively few energy needs will probably have a relatively small number of
____________.
a. ribosomes b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. chromosomes
3. Digestive enzymes are terms associated with _____________.
a. ribosomes b. lysosomes c. golgi apparatus d. smooth ER
4. Which of the following items would you expect to find cells?
a. strawberry b. eyeglass c. silver dollar d. plastic flower
5. Plant cells often have a box-like shape because of the _____________.
a. nucleus b. cell wall c. cytoplasm d. cell membrane
6. The site of ATP production and the site of photosynthesis are ____________ and _____________.
a. ribosomes and vacuoles c. mitochondria and chloroplast
b. chloroplast and lysosomes d. Golgi complex and chloroplast
7. What is the outermost boundary of an animal cell?
a. cell wall b. cytoplasm c. cell membrane d. nuclear envelope
8. What site regulates what goes in and out of the cell?
a. cell wall b. vacuole c. cell membrane d. nuclear membrane

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9. Where is the site of protein synthesis?
a. nucleus b. lysosome c. ribosome d. mitochondria
10. Which is the brain of the cell?
a. nucleus b. chloroplast c. golgi bodies d. mitochondria
11. Which of the following is found in the nucleus?
a. vacuoles b. chloroplast c. mitochondria d. chromosomes
12. Which of the following is not a true description of chloroplast?
a. It synthesize sugar c. It is found only in plants
b. It contains pigments d. It appears green because of chloroplast
13. Which of the following organelles transports materials inside the cell?
a. lysosome b. chloroplast c. mitochondria d. endoplasmic reticulum
14. Which of the following statements is true?
a. All cells have cell wall c. All cells contains chloroplast
b. All cells contains nucleus d. All cells have cell membrane
15. Which of the following has no cell membrane?
a. vacuole b. lysosome c. ribosome d. chloroplast

Activity Card
Discussion of Activity

Organelles-make up the subunits of a cell. There are numerous each with their own function.

Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is the organelle that encapsulates the contents of the cell.
Apart from encapsulating cell contents, the plasma membrane also plays a vital role in regulating the
movement of substances in and out of the cell. As such, it is actively involved in such both passive and
active transportation to and from the cell. These processes also help maintain balance even when
conditions outside the cell change. The plasma membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids
(phospholipids bilayer). See figure 1.1

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 Figure 1.1

Nucleus/Dna
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is enclosed in a
nuclear membrane. It is the organelle that controls the
hereditary traits of an organism by directing such
processes as protein synthesis and cell division among
others.
For prokaryotes, the DNA lacks a nuclear
membrane. The genetic material is therefore bound in the
nucleotide region.
Some of the main components of the nucleus include the
chromatic, nucleoplasm/nuclear sap and the nucleolus. The nucleolus plays an important role in
ribosome production. The nucleus houses DNA (the hereditary material) as well as various proteins and
the nucleolus.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the

hereditary material in humans and almost all
other organisms. Nearly every cell in a
person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA
is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called
nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA
can also be found in the mitochondria (where
it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).

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Ribosomes
Ribosomes are tiny organelles that contain
RNA and specific proteins within the cytoplasm.
Within the cell, ribosomes are directly involved in
the manufacture of proteins by using their RNA
and amino acids.
This process involves decoding the information
contained in the mRNA and using amino acids to
produce the required proteins.

Ribosomes are special because they are

found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While
a structure such as a nucleus is only found in eukaryotes, every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture
proteins. Since there are no membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotes, the ribosomes float free in the
cytosol.

Mitochondria
Mitochondria are some of the largest organelles within a cell.
Compared to some of the other organelles, mitochondria contain DNA which makes them
semiautonomous. Mitochondria also contain a double-membrane with the inner membrane folding to
form cristae.
Also known as the powerhouse, mitochondria
play an important role in respiration where they
generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from substrates
in the presence of oxygen. Using their DNA,
mitochondria are able to encode for some of the
components they require to perform their functions.
Mitochondria are shaped perfectly to maximize
their productivity. They are made of two membranes.
The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains
it like a skin. The inner membrane folds over many
times and creates layered structures called cristae. The
fluid contained in the mitochondria is called the matrix.
ATP stores energy in the form of chemical bonds and is released whenever it is needed for
various cell functions.

Vacuoles
A vacuole may be described as a space inside the
cell that does not contain cytoplasm. It is surrounded by a
membrane and filled with a fluid. Vacuoles store various
molecules including enzymes, waste products of the cell,
water, and even food material depending on the type of
cell.
In cases where vacuoles contain waste products of
the cell, they are also involved in the exportation of waste
from the cell thus protecting the cell from toxicity.

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 Some vacuoles also play a role in maintaining the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cell as well
as regulating pH.
The structure of vacuoles is fairly simple. There is a membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid. In
that fluid are nutrients or waste products. Plants may also use vacuoles to store water. Those tiny water
bags help to support the plant. They are closely related to objects called vesicles that are found
throughout the cell. In plant cells, the vacuoles are much larger than in animal cells. When a plant cell
has stopped growing, there is usually one very large vacuole. Sometimes that vacuole can take up more
than half of the cell's volume. The vacuole holds large amounts of water or food. Don't forge that
vacuoles can also hold the plant waste products. Those waste products are slowly broken into small
pieces that cannot hurt the cell. Vacuoles hold onto things that the cell might need, just like a backpack.

Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is composed of at least three different types of fibers: microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. These fibers are distinguished by their size with
microtubules being the thickest and microfilaments being the thinnest.
These fibers are distinguished by their size with microtubules being the thickest and microfilaments
being the thinnest. The cytoskeleton is also involved in anchoring the nucleus and supporting cell
contents.
Microtubules are hollow rods functioning
primarily to help support and shape the cell and as
"routes" along which organelles can move.
Microtubules are typically found in all eukaryotic
cells. They vary in length and measure about 25
nm (nanometers) in diameter.
Microfilaments or actin filaments are
thin, solid rods that are active in muscle
contraction. Microfilaments are particularly
prevalent in muscle cells. Similar to microtubules,
they are typically found in all eukaryotic cells.
Microfilaments are composed primarily of the
contractile protein actin and measure up to 8 nm
in diameter. They also participate in organelle
movement.
Intermediate filaments can be abundant in many cells and provide support for microfilaments
and microtubules by holding them in place. These filaments form keratins found in epithelial cells and
neurofilaments in neurons. They measure 10 nm in diameter.

Plastids
Plastids are a type of organelle found in plant cells and algae. Like mitochondria, plastids are
membrane-bound organelles that contain nucleoids. As such, they are also semi-autonomous organelles.
There are different types of plastids that include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, gerontoplasts, and
leucoplasts.
Chloroplast - Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll that captures energy from sunlight
for photosynthesis. Therefore, the chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis (the process through which
plants produce food)
Chromoplasts - Chromoplasts are present in certain photosynthetic eukaryotes. They are
primarily involved in the production and storage of pigments (carotenoid pigments). These pigments are
involved in absorbing light energy as well as protecting chlorophyll in some plants.

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 Gerontoplasts - This is a type of plastid that develops from the chloroplast during senescence in
foliage plants. Gerontoplasts play an important role in salvaging nutrients and other important material
as a cell dies.
Leucoplast - Compared to the other plastids, leucoplasts are unpigmented organelles. Leucoplast
is specialized for such functions as the storage of starch (amyloplasts), lipids (elaioplasts) and proteins
(proteinoplasts).

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Found in eukaryotic cells, Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) is the organelle that forms an
interconnected network of flattened sacs (cisternae).
Like some of the other organelles found in
eukaryotes, ER is enclosed in a membrane. The ER
is divided into two regions that vary in structure and
function.

These include:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - The smooth ER is named so because it lacks a ribosome on its
surface. As a result, it is more smooth in appearance as compared to the rough ER. It is involved in the
synthesis of lipids (e.g. phospholipids) and carbohydrates that are used to build the cell membrane.
Some of the other functions of the smooth ER include:

● Transportation of vesicles
● Enzyme production in the liver
● Contraction of muscle cells in the muscles
● Synthesis of hormones in the brain cells

Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Unlike the smooth ER, rough ER has ribosomes attached to its
surface. It is involved in the manufacture of various proteins in the cell. On the other hand, the rough ER
is involved in the production of antibodies, insulin as well as transportation of proteins into the smooth
ER

Centriole
Centrioles are cylindrical organelles found in most
eukaryotic cells. They contain tube-shaped molecules
known as microtubules that help separate chromosomes
and move them during cell division. When two centrioles
are found next to each other, they are usually at right
angles. The centrioles are found in pairs and move
towards the poles (opposite ends) of the nucleus when it
is time for cell division. During division, you may also
see groups of threads attached to the centrioles. Those
threads are called the mitotic spindle.
Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles. They are there to help the cell
when it comes time to divide. They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of
meiosis. You will usually find them near the nucleus but they cannot be seen when the cell is not
dividing. And what are centrioles made of? Microtubules.

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Lysosome
A lysosome is commonly referred to as sacs of
enzymes. They are membranous organelles that
contain acidic enzymes (hydrolase enzymes) that
serve to digest various macromolecules (e.g. lipids
and nucleic acids) in the cell.

Conditions inside lysosomes have been shown

to be acidic. These conditions are maintained by the
lysosome membrane thus providing favorable
conditions for the enzymes to perform their functions.
A lysosome is basically a specialized vesicle that holds a variety of enzymes. The enzyme proteins are
first created in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Those proteins are packaged in a vesicle and sent to the
Golgi apparatus. The Golgi then does its final work to create the digestive enzymes and pinches off a
small, very specific vesicle. That vesicle is a lysosome. From there the lysosomes float in the cytoplasm
until they are needed. Lysosomes are single-membrane organelles.

Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex is
found in most cells. It is another packaging
organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It
was named after Camillo Golgi, an Italian biologist.
It is pronounced GOL-JI in the same way you
would say squee-gie, as soft a "G" sound. While
layers of membranes may look like the rough ER,
they have a very different function. Golgi apparatus
are found in eukaryotic and are highly folded into
cisternae (flattened sacs). They are enclosed in a
membrane that varies in thickness from different
regions.
In the cell, Golgi apparatus are actively involved in the manufacturing, storage as well as
transportation of products from the ER.

Other features of a cell include:

Cell Wall - Some books do not consider the cell wall to be an organelle. However, it is one of the most
important components of plant cells. The cell wall surrounds the cell membrane and serves to strengthen
and protect the cell.
For instance, in the cells of plant roots, the cell wall protects the cell as they grow deeper in the soil. The
cell wall also serves as a filter that controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm - is also not considered as an organelle in some books. However, it is an important

component of the cell. Cell cytoplasm is composed of protoplasm in which all the other cell organelles
are suspended.
Many of the cell processes (protein synthesis, respiration etc) take place in the cytoplasm. The
cytoplasm also plays an important role in the movement of various materials around the cell.

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 Assessment Card
Post Test
Direction: On your notebook, draw the figure below then color each part of the cell using color
key: Mithochodria – red, Nucleus – pink, Vacuole – blue, Golgi Apparatus – orange, Chloroplast – light
green, Cell Wall – dark green, Nucleus – violet.

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 Reference Card
• https://www.microscopemaster.com/organelles.html
• https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/dna
• http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html
• https://www.thoughtco.com/cytoskeleton-anatomy-373358

Answer Card

15. C
14. D
13. A
12. C
11. C
10. D
9. A
8. C
7. B
6. A
5. B
4. A
3. C
2. D
1. C

POST TEST PRE-TEST

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Pampanga

Office Address: High School Boulevard, Brgy. Lourdes,

San Fernando City, Pampanga

Landline: (045) 435-27-28

Email Address: pampanga@deped.gov.ph

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