ELECTRONICS INFORMATION UPDATE

A Mouser Magazine

EUROPE | OCTOBER 2023

SECURITY CHECK
FEATURES
5G advances
Industry 4.0 cyber risk
Digital engineering
and space cybersecurity
Edge processing
enables next-gen mm
wave scanners
Considerations for
automotive powertrain
safety and security
PLUS

REGULARS
Industry News:
Trace/debug custom MPUs
Portable generators safe for kids
Micron boss wins Noyce honour
ML algorithm tames huge data sets
New cathode for sustainable
EV batteries
Vision On: An introduction to
image processing NEW SERIES
Test & Measurement
Connector Geek
Tech Ideas
Dev Kit pick
NPI
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Listen to the podcast, see the videos, read expert articles and more at:

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ELECTRONICS INFORMATION UPDATE

In this issue...
INDUSTRY NEWS PAGE 4
Safety and security are wide-
ranging issues. We aim to reflect
* Portable generators safe for kids * Trace/debug custom MPUs
some aspcts of this complex subject * ML algorithm tames huge data sets * Micron boss wins Noyce honour
with articles themed: 5G advances * New cathode for sustainable EV batteries
Industry 4.0 cyber risk; Edge
processing enables next-gen mm
wave scanners; Considerations for
MOUSER NEWS PAGE 8
automotive powertrain safety and
security; and Digital engineering * Mouser adds Raspberry Pi * Best in class
and space cybersecurity. * Empowering environmental sensors

FEATURES

Edge processing enables next-gen mm wave scanners PAGE 11

5G advances Industry 4.0 cyber risk PAGE 16

Digital engineering and space cybersecurity PAGE 18

Considerations for automotive powertrain safety and security PAGE 20

FOCUS

CONNECTOR GEEK
Do Connectors Pose Cybersecurity Risks? PAGE 22

DEV-KIT PICK
Mark Patrick spotlights development tools from Crystek,
Critical Link, u-blox, Wolfspeed and NXP PAGE 24

Elsewhere, Adam Taylor begins a

TECH IDEAS
new series on image processing, and
in Tech Ideas we look at how we can More inputs for T&M’s ‘Swiss Army Penknife’. PAGE 26
benefit from more inputs that are
now offered by the T&M industry’s VISION ON
‘Swiss Army Penknife’. David Pike New image processing series PAGE 28
asks the question ‘Do Connectors
Pose Cybersecurity Risks?’ and Stuart TEST & MEASUREMENT
Cording tells us how to ‘roll-your-own ‘Roll-your-own’ T&M. PAGE 30
T&M’. Plus the news round-up, Dev
Kit Pick and, of course, a review of
the most innovative products now in
NEW PRODUCTS PAGE 35
stock at Mouser.
Newest products now available from
Published by Mouser Electronics. Superior Sensor Technology, STM, Digi and more
For Editorial contact Nick Foot at
nick.foot@bwwcomms.com.

For Advertising, contact

Claudia Bertaccini at
claudia.bertaccini@mouser.com.

www.mouser.com October 2023 3

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

New The group was awarded $20 million

from the Vehicle Technologies Office

cathode for
in DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, allocated in

sustainable
$5 million yearly increments through
2025. It will allow the consortium to

EV batteries
A consortium of battery scientists, led by
develop DRX battery cathodes that could
perform just as well if not better than
the nickel-manganese-cobalt cathodes
currently used in legacy lithium-ion

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
intends to accelerate the commercialization
of a novel battery cathode material called
DRX or “disordered rock salt” to deliver
DRX cathodes that will result in batteries
with a higher energy density than with
conventional lithium-ion battery cathodes
made of nickel and cobalt. The U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) has made it a
priority to find ways to reduce or eliminate
the use of cobalt in batteries, and the DRX
Consortium is focused on making DRX
cathodes made of manganese or titanium,
which are both more abundant and
cheaper than nickel or cobalt.
The DRX Consortium was formed
last autumn, and includes a team of
approximately 50 scientists from Berkeley
Lab, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory,
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, and the University of
California at Santa Barbara.
Trace and debug
custom processors
Codasip now offers the Tessent
Enhanced Trace Encoder solution
from the Tessent Embedded Analytics
product line at Siemens EDA with its
customizable RISC-V cores. Through the
joint solution, developers can efficiently
trace and debug issues between silicon
and software, and accurately understand
real-time behaviors of even the most
complex customized designs based on
Codasip RISC-V processors.
Codasip RISC-V processors are fully
customizable and adaptable to the
unique needs of an application. System
designers can use the Codasip Studio
toolchain to find the best software and
hardware trade-offs and achieve optimal
features and PPA (Power, Performance,
Area). The combination of customizable
processors and tools for processor
design enables an automated approach
to achieve Custom Compute. To make
this customization usable for software
developers, Codasip makes sure that
all tools—including the compiler and
debugger—also support customization.
This now includes the trace solution.
batteries.
Researchers at the Department of
Energy’s National Energy Research
Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
will help the team narrow down the
best combination of manganese and
titanium through computer modeling.
Researchers from Oak Ridge National
Laboratory and Argonne National
Laboratory will work on chemical
synthesis and scale up the materials
for industry.
New DRX-compatible electrolytes will be
developed at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory. And researchers from
Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, and UC
Santa Barbara will assist with materials
characterization.
www.energy.gov/science/office-science
Including trace in an SoC significantly
speeds up the time-consuming software
debug task and hereby reduces the
bring-up time and the cost of software
development. Codasip has chosen to work
with Siemens EDA for its Trace Encoder
because the companies share a belief
in product quality achieved efficiently
throughout the whole product design flow.
This focus on quality empowers innovation
and delivers significant productivity gains
for customers even in the most complex
heterogeneous and custom designs.
The Tessent Enhanced Trace Encoder
builds on the RISC-V standard produced
by the Debug and Trace Working Group,
which was led by representatives from
Siemens who donated the Trace algorithm
to the RISC-V International community.
However, the solution from Siemens goes
well beyond the RISC-V standard, offering
a far more efficient tool with significant
productivity gains in the development of
the most complex systems, and it supports
custom instructions. It conducts detailed
examinations on systems to find the bug
and its root cause. It is cycle-accurate,
which means the developer gets insights
into each and every instruction.
www.codasip.com
Portable
generators
safe for kids
Portable generators can be life-
saving sources of power in times of
emergency.The Portable Generator
Manufacturers’ Association (PGMA) is
releasing a portable generator safety
curriculum, ‘Generate Safety’, designed
for school-aged children. Content is
divided into two distinct age groups:
K-6 and 7-12 grades.
The lessons promote safe usage of
portable generators in emergencies and
avoidance of exposure to dangerous
carbon monoxide fumes.
PGMA is the industry association for
portable generators and is dedicated
to educating consumers on the
safe use of portable generators, as
demonstrated by its Take It Outside
campaign. “Generate Safety” is ideal
for use in schools, scout and other
troop programs, safety towns and other
community-based children’s safety
advocacy classes, power company and
other public safety outreach managers,
and more.
The program helps fulfill teachers’ mission
of preparing children by helping to
develop safe behaviors students can carry
into adulthood. The program’s goal is to
help consumers appreciate that portable
generator safety isn’t just for adults.
“Generate Safety” includes a detailed
Teacher’s Guide and downloadable
educational content, including posters,
word searches, lessons, and support
materials that teach students about safe
placement and operation of portable
generators as well as the advanced
planning needed to help ensure their
proper, effective use.
All tools and materials are
available FREE from PGMA and
can be downloaded at
www.takeyourgeneratoroutside.com
under the Safety Resources tab.

4 October 2023 www.mouser.com


Proof-of-Concept for
automotive gateways
Inventec and Renesas Electronics have
announced that they will jointly design
automotive-grade gateway solutions for
the rapidly-growing EV market. Targeting
Tier-1 automotive suppliers and OEMs,
the companies will develop a Proof of
Concept (PoC) for connected gateways
based on the industry-leading R-Car
system-on-chip (SoC) from Renesas.
Under the terms of the agreement,
Renesas will provide Inventec with its
latest offering of R-Car SoCs, analog,
and power products, along with
engineering support to assist Inventec
in developing a PoC for next-generation
in-vehicle connected gateway systems.
The two companies will regularly share
product development roadmaps, market
insights and specifications. The first PoC
will integrate cybersecurity and over-the-
air (OTA) features for connected gateway
applications and is expected to be
available by Inventec in Q2 of 2024.
The development of the PoC for
automotive gateways reflects a
transformational shift toward new E/E
(electrical and electronics) architectures
in the automotive industry. Automotive
system developers need to integrate
complex networks of electronic control
units (ECUs) into their vehicles and
enable software to receive OTA
updates securely.
Nexperia gets 18.7
ESG Risk Rating
Nexperia received an ESG Risk Rating
of 18.7 from Morningstar Sustainalytics
in July 2023, ranking among the top
11% out of a total of 221 assessed
entities within the semiconductor design
and manufacturing sub industry on a
global scale. Morningstar Sustainalytics
assessed Nexperia to be at low risk
of encountering material financial
impacts resulting from Environmental,
Social, and Governance (ESG)
factors. This assessment underscores
Nexperia's dedication to sustainability
and responsible business practices,
positioning the company among the
top 16% within the larger global
semiconductor industry. Furthermore,
Nexperia also received a strong overall
ESG Risk Management Rating.
www.mouser.com
NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
The new PoC will not only drive
innovation in vehicle development,
but also create new possibilities for
emerging vehicle manufacturers
worldwide to take part in the rapidly
expanding EV market.
The Renesas R-Car is a high-performance,
scalable compute platform that
addresses a wide range of automotive
applications, such as Automated Driving
(AD), ADAS, connected gateways, in-
vehicle infotainment systems, cockpits,
and dashboards. In the future, the two
companies plan to collaborate not only
in connected gateways, but also in a
wide range of in-vehicle applications
such as vehicle computers, and battery
management systems.
renesas.com
Sustainalytics' ESG Risk Ratings,
employed to gauge a company's
exposure to industry-specific ESG
risks and its management of those
risks, utilize a multi-dimensional
approach. This approach combines risk
management and exposure to arrive
at a comprehensive assessment of ESG
risk, resulting in a comparable ESG
Risk Rating across diverse industries.
The five categories of ESG risk severity
identified by Sustainalytics range from
negligible (0-10) to severe (40+), with
Nexperia's low-risk rating highlighting its
conscientious management of
ESG concerns.
www.nexperia.com/about/
sustainability
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
Imagimob
and Infineon
launch ML
deployments
solution
Infineon Technologies and Edge
AI and Tiny Machine Learning
company, Imagimob, are releasing
their first solution since Imagimob’s
acquisition, the integration of
Infineon’s ModusToolbox Software
with Imagimob’s ML development
platform. Created to enable quicker,
easier, and more cost-effective
development of AI-based machine
learning models, it will enable
companies to reduce time to market
by cutting out years of development
and millions of dollars to create a
proprietary in-house solution.
The integration of Imagimob AI with
Infineon’s ModusToolbox Software
takes the platform Imagimob AI
one step further, providing a fully-
fledged Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) with easy
deployment to Infineon products.
These developments come on top of
Imagimob’s latest software update
this week; with vastly improved UX
that is much more responsive and
visually appealing, and a more than
10x improvement in data rendering
speed.
The update also includes a
complete redesign of the AutoML
functionality, which now allows for
the creation of even more powerful
model architectures and a more
structured approach to finding the
best model. In addition, Imagimob
AI now includes auto-labeling of
data, making previously laborious
processes more efficient.
The updated end-to-end workflow
was created by integrating the best
of Imagimob AI’s features with both
ModusToolbox ML for optimization,
quantization and deployment, and
with ModusToolbox for developing,
coding and programming Infineon
hardware.
www.imagimob.com/
modustoolbox-integration
October 2023 5
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES
ML algorithm
tames huge
data sets
A machine-learning algorithm has
demonstrated the capability to process
data that exceeds a computer’s available
memory, identifying a massive data
set’s key features and dividing them
into manageable batches. Developed
at the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
the algorithm set a world record for
factorizing huge datasets during a test
run on Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s
Summit, the world’s fifth-fastest
supercomputer. Equally efficient on
laptops and supercomputers, the highly
scalable algorithm solves hardware
bottlenecks that prevent processing
information from data-rich applications
in cancer research, satellite imagery,
social media networks, national security
science and earthquake research, to
name just a few.
“We developed an ‘out-of-memory’
implementation of the non-negative
matrix factorization method that
allows you to factorize larger data sets
than previously possible on a given
hardware,” said Ismael Boureima, a
computational physicist at Los Alamos
National Laboratory.
8% CAGR
for CPUs
Processor revenue is expected to
reach US$242 billion in 2028, with
an 8% CAGR between 2022 and
2028. The processor market is largely
dominated by a few key players: Intel,
AMD, Nvidia, and Qualcomm, with
these giants holding 54% of the total
market share. Advanced generations
of processors require more integrated
circuitry, especially larger blocks of
logic and SRAM . The surge in chiplet
integration is driving 2.5D and 3D
packaging growth by players like Intel,
TSMC, AMD, NVIDIA, and Samsung.
The processor market had a remarkable
year in 2021, achieving a historic high
of US$155.5 billion with a robust
growth rate of 22.3%.
6 October 2023
FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
Boureima is first author of the paper in
The Journal of Supercomputing on the
record-breaking algorithm.
“Our implementation simply breaks
down the big data into smaller units
that can be processed with the
available resources. Consequently,
it’s a useful tool for keeping up with
exponentially growing data sets.”
“Traditional data analysis demands that
data fit within memory constraints. Our
approach challenges this notion,” said
Manish Bhattarai, a machine learning
scientist at Los Alamos and co-author
of the paper. “We have introduced an
out-of-memory solution.
When the data volume exceeds the
available memory, our algorithm
breaks it down into smaller segments.
It processes these segments one at
a time, cycling them in and out of
the memory. This technique equips
us with the unique ability to manage
and analyze extremely large data sets
efficiently.”
However, the following year, it
experienced a slight downturn,
with revenue settling at US$154 billion.
The primary factor contributing to
this decline was the CPU segment,
which was mainly impacted by
reduced shipments in the PC category
and increased competition from
non-x86 APUs.
The GPU market also experienced
a minor contraction, dropping to
US$22.6 billion in 2022. This decline
was primarily attributed to decreased
PC GPU shipments and declining
interest in cryptocurrency. Projections
for 2023 anticipate a 3% recovery,
reaching US$23.3 billion, driven by the
growing trend of Generative AI.
Conversely, the APU market saw
significant growth in 2022, and the
data center sector exhibited substantial
expansion, leading to a shift in revenue
distribution.
The distributed algorithm for modern
and heterogeneous high-performance
computer systems can be useful
on hardware as small as a desktop
computer, or as large and complex as
Chicoma, Summit or the upcoming
Venado supercomputers, Boureima
said.
The Los Alamos implementation takes
advantage of hardware features such
as GPUs to accelerate computation and
fast interconnect to efficiently move
data between computers. At the same
time, the algorithm efficiently gets
multiple tasks done simultaneously.
Non-negative matrix factorization
is another installment of the high-
performance algorithms developed
under the SmartTensors project at Los
Alamos. In machine learning, non-
negative matrix factorization can be
used as a form of unsupervised learning
to pull meaning from data.
In the record-breaking run by the Los
Alamos team, the algorithm processed
a 340-terabyte dense matrix and an
11-exabyte sparse matrix, using 25,000
GPUs. This research was funded by
DNN R&D and by the Laboratory
Directed Research and Development
program at Los Alamos National
Laboratory.
www.lanl.gov
While the total revenue for processors
is expected to reach US$242 billion by
2028, CPUs are expected to maintain
their dominant position, GPUs are
projected to experience significant
growth, and data centers are poised to
emerge as the fastest-growing market.
More advanced iterations of processors
demand increased integration of
circuitry, particularly larger blocks
of logic and SRAM. In the past,
progress toward denser logic was as
straightforward as the next lithography
shrink.
However, as transistors continue to
shrink in size, they have become more
intricate and expensive to manufacture.
In 2022, the industry is approaching
the end of the finFET era, with gate-all-
around architectures at 3nm and 2nm
on the horizon.
https://www.yolegroup.com/
www.mouser.com

Micron President wins Noyce honour
Sanjay Mehrotra, president and CEO
of Micron Technology has won the
2023 Robert N. Noyce Award. The
SIA’s highest honour, the Noyce Award
is presented annually to recognize a
leader who has made outstanding
contributions to the semiconductor
industry in technology or public policy.
“Sanjay is a highly accomplished leader
in our industry and a tireless advocate
for STEM education initiatives and a
diverse and inclusive semiconductor
workforce,” said John Neuffer, SIA
president and CEO. “During a career
that has spanned more than four
decades, Sanjay has greatly advanced
our industry, our technology, and our
workforce. We’re pleased to recognize
him with the 2023 Robert N. Noyce
Award for his many achievements.”
Mehrotra joined Micron in 2017 after a
distinguished career at SanDisk Corp.,
where he led the company from its
start in 1988 until its sale in 2016. In
addition to being a SanDisk co-founder,
he served as its president and CEO from
2011 to 2016, overseeing its growth
to an industry-leading Fortune 500
company.
Mehrotra has more than 40 years
of experience in the semiconductor
memory industry, having held previous
engineering and leadership positions
at Integrated Device Technology, SEEQ
Technology, and Intel Corporation.
FPGA’s security
reviewed
by UK Cyber
Security Centre
Security is now an imperative for all
designs in every market, and recently
the United Kingdom’s National Cyber
Security Centre reviewed Microchip
Technology’s PolarFire FPGAs devices
when used with the Single-Chip Crypto
Design Flow against stringent device-
level resiliency requirements. The work
done with Microchip on the Design
Separation Methodology in the PolarFire
FPGA enables the user to take advantage
of improved resilience and functional
isolation within the device.
www.mouser.com
NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
Many of his more than 70 patents are
foundational to enabling high-capacity
flash memory, now a ubiquitous
element of modern computing.
At Micron, Mehrotra is driving advances
in semiconductor manufacturing
across the globe. Following passage
of the CHIPS and Science Act, Micron
announced plans to invest in leading-
edge memory manufacturing in Idaho
and New York, with the New York
facility being the first greenfield U.S.
memory manufacturing fab built in
20 years. Micron has also announced
planned investments in its fab in
Hiroshima, Japan, its assembly and
test facility in Xi’an, China, and an
additional assembly plant in India.
Mehrotra is deeply committed to
building an inclusive and equitable
culture at Micron, as well as increasing
diverse representation across
engineering, technology, and leadership
career paths. He led company efforts to
achieve comprehensive global pay equity
for all underrepresented groups and
50% female representation on Micron’s
board of directors. He also actively
supports helping communities thrive
through promoting STEM education,
supporting community investment, and
encouraging volunteerism.
Mehrotra earned bachelor’s and
master’s degrees in electrical
engineering and computer science from
the University of California, Berkeley.
This analysis provides the option for
single-chip cryptography in addition to
what already exists within the devices
for protecting IP, securing data and
protection against physical tampering.
PolarFire FPGA IP protection includes
AES 256-encrypted configuration
files with SHA 256-based HMAC
authentication, with processing
protected against Differential Power
Analysis with technology licensed from
Cryptography Research Incorporated
(CRI). It has Public-key cryptographic
cores for secure distribution of keys,
true random-number generators, and
hardened cryptographic accelerators for
use in the end application.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
He is also a graduate of the Stanford
Graduate School of Business
Executive Program.
“It is a great honour to receive the
Noyce Award and join the ranks of
previous recipients, individuals who
have helped build the semiconductor
industry into one of the most innovative,
influential, and important sectors in the
world,” said Mehrotra. “I look forward
to continuing to collaborate across
our industry to push the boundaries
of semiconductor technology and
manufacturing to meet the future
demand and the tremendous
opportunity facing our industry in
the years ahead.”
The Noyce Award is named in honor of
semiconductor industry pioneer Robert
N. Noyce, co-founder of Fairchild
Semiconductor and Intel Corporation.
Pass-through CRI license enables royalty-
free development of DPA-protected
algorithms using techniques patented by
CRI, and supply chain security features
reduce the risk of counterfeiting, re-
marking, and overbuilding.
These include silicon biometrics including
Physically Unclonable Functions to allow
each device to be uniquely identified and
cryptographically validated.
The devices are supported by Microchip’s
Libero SoC Design Suite available to
license, including no-charge versions.
PolarFire FPGA and SoC development
kits and hardware are also available.
www.microchipdirect.com
October 2023 7
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

Empowering This series includes the latest

environmental
sensors
In the latest installment of its award-
winning Empowering Innovation
Together series, Mouser examines the
technology and applications behind
environmental sensors and how they
are used in creating indoor air quality
monitoring solutions through a technical
content stream of articles, blogs, videos,
and the latest podcast episode of The
Tech Between Us.
Environmental sensors have become
more popular among employers
looking to improve air quality inside
the workplace, bolstered at least in
part by the pandemic and the demand
for clean indoor air, and sensors to
track potential hazards. By monitoring
pollutants, particulates, and hazardous
gasses in real time, employers can
more easily address potential threats
to employee health and productivity.
Poor indoor air quality has been
linked to a variety of short-term
ailments, such as headaches, fatigue
and difficulty concentrating. With no
federal standards regarding indoor
air quality, employers are taking
responsibility for monitoring their
environments and providing clean air
to employees.
Mouser explores how environmental
sensors offer an efficient way of doing
so, allowing accurate readings that
can be easily monitored over time to
provide the data companies need.
installment of The Tech Between Arduino
memory
Us podcast hosted by Raymond
Yin, Technical Content Director at
Mouser Electronics. He is joined by
Ronan Cooney, Head of Product at
Ambisense, to discuss the current
landscape of indoor air quality
game
compared to outdoor air quality. Entrants in Mouser’s latest
memory game, running
They also review the major until December 1st, will be
contributors to poor air quality, entered in the draw to win
regulations, and design considerations one of three prizes:
for air quality measurement devices.
Additionally, the episode maps out
Mouser’s environmental sensor Arduino Nicla
selections and the considerations Vision
needed when designing for specific
applications.
Arduino Nicla
Voice
Arduino Nicla
Sense ME
Mouser’s variety of articles, Players simply
infographics and videos offer an match the CLIC
in-depth overview of environmental machine HER K
ET
ENT O
sensors, the risks associated with poor
learning
indoor air quality, the exploration
products and ER
of sensor selection for improving
indoor air quality (IAQ) and choosing fill out the form.
the right volatile organic compound
(VOC) sensors. This EIT installment
is sponsored by Mouser’s valued
partners Amphenol, TE Connectivity,
Honeywell, Renesas, Sensirion, and
Bosch.
www.mouser.com/empowering-
innovation

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8 October 2023 www.mouser.com


More Podiums as Mouser
team leads championship
The Mouser-pponsored Vasser
Sullivan Lexus team has earned
another two Podium finishes, and
now leads the IMSA WeatherTech
SportsCar Championship. Drivers
Jack Hawksworth and Ben Barnicoat
scored an exciting second-place
finish in the GTD PRO class at the
Virginia International Raceway (VIR),
the followed that up last month with
third place for the GTD PRO class at
Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS).
The Indianapolis result marks the ninth
podium result of the year for the driver
duo, who currently lead the GTD PRO
championship by 188 points heading
into the season finale at Petit Le Mans.
In Virginia, Hawksworth and Barnicoat
led 48 laps around the 17-turn, 3.27-
mile road course in the Vasser Sullivan
No. 14 Lexus RC F GT3. Barnicoat was
in the lead with 56 minutes remaining
in the two-hour, 40-minute race when
he stalled in the pits.
Best-in-Class
Mouser has announced the 2023
recipients of its Best-in-Class Awards,
which are given to individuals at the
company’s supplier partners. Winners
are chosen based on five main criteria:
strategically partnering with the
Mouser team; promoting product lines
and working together on new product
launches; finding creative solutions
to grow market share mutually for
both companies; maximizing Mouser’s
unique value proposition within their
own businesses; and championing
Mouser within their organizations.
“We are incredibly excited to honor
these ten talented individuals across our
large base of suppliers.
www.mouser.com
NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
He quickly got going again, earning
the team’s third-straight second-place
result. Jack Hawksworth also won the
Motul Pole Award for the GT Daytona
Pro (GTD PRO) class during qualification
on Saturday. The pole award was
Hawksworth’s third of the season. In
the GTD class, Aaron Telitz and Frankie
Montecalvo also scored a top-five finish
with a fifth-place result in the GT-only
race.
In Indianapolis, Hawksworth qualified
third in the No. 14 Lexus and led nine
laps around the 14-turn, 2.439-mile
Indianapolis road course. Hawksworth
was in the lead when a caution came
out nearly 52 minutes into the two-
hour and 40-minute sprint race, and
the team elected to pit under yellow.
After the pit stop, Hawksworth worked
his way back up to third place before
turning driving duties over to Barnicoat.
Pictured with the Best-in-Class winners
are Mouser’s President & CEO Glenn Smith
and Senior Vice President of Products Jeff
Newell.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
Barnicoat ran a clean final stint and
brought the No. 14 RC F GT3 home in
third place with a chance to earn the
first full-season GT championship when
the Lexus takes the green flag at Petit
Le Mans next month.
Mouser and valued manufacturer
partner Molex co-sponsor the Vasser
Sullivan Lexus Racing team, seeing the
opportunity as an inventive way to
communicate its performance-driven
business model and promote the
newest technologies.
Each one has played a significant role
in helping us to not only support our
large and growing customer base, but
also to help grow Mouser sales and
share in the competitive electronics
marketplace,” said Jeff Newell, Mouser
Electronics Senior Vice President
of Products. “We are grateful for
these outstanding professionals and
congratulate each of them for winning
the Mouser Best-in-Class Award.”
The winners are: Mary Benetti-Condon,
Bel; Sabine Colen, Analog Devices;
Tim Fredricks, Advantech; Kris Lafko,
u-blox; Lora McIlheran, 3M; Dennis
Nesterov, Amphenol; Younga Pearson,
EATON; Ron Peterson, Nexperia; Mike
Sewart, Molex; and Jill Wagar, Omron.
October 2023 9
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES
Specialty Enclosures etc from Phoenix Mecano
Mouser has announced a new global
distribution agreement with Phoenix
Mecano, whose suite of enclosures
and accessories covers a wide array
of applications in the electronic,
industrial, automotive, medical, safety,
measurement, and control sectors.
Phoenix Mecano produces both standard
and specialized products, which can be
customized to the customer’s specific
application. Mouser now offers many of
these enclosures, including:
ROSE Polyester standard enclosures
provide protection for equipment
against certain acids, oils, and fats in
food and chemical industries. These
robust enclosures are lightweight, high
in mechanical strength and impact
resistant up to 7J (joules) per EN 60529.
ROSE Polyester standard enclosures
feature a universal structure suitable for
installing terminals and other electronic
components, enabling use as a classical
terminal enclosure or a distribution
enclosure.
Mouser adds
Raspberry Pi
Mouser now offers design engineers,
pro-makers, and hobbyists the the
entire catalogue of single-board
computers (SBC), embedded devices,
and peripherals from Raspberry Pi,
with full traceability/authenticity from
the manufacturer. “Mouser is excited
about this expanded partnership
with Raspberry Pi,” said Andy Kerr,
Mouser Electronics Vice President of
Supplier Marketing. “With their line of
industrial-ready products, customers
across the globe now have access to
an expanded offering of innovative,
scalable products that are certified,
low-cost, powerful and production
ready.”
“Known for their best-in-class
distribution, outstanding service and
exceptional customer reach, Mouser
is a valued strategic partner for us,”
said Mike Buffham, Chief Commercial
Officer of Raspberry Pi.
Raspberry Pi products now offered by
Mouser include:
10 October 2023
FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
ROSE Aluminum standard enclosures,
designed for mechanical engineering
and automation technology, offer IP66
ingress protection and fixing options
for DIN rails and mounting plates,
making them ideal for the installation
of electrical and electromechanical
components, including buttons,
terminals, switching elements, and
electronic modules containing PCBs.
ROSE NoVoTronic electronics enclosures
feature an aluminum profile enclosure
system with IP65 ingress protection
for data, PC, and MCR technology
operating in -40°C to +90°C
temperature environments.
These enclosures are offered in a stylish
deep black color with ruby red accents
and feature external screw channels to
ensure reliable protection of electronics
and to prevent metal fragments from
damaging highly sensitive electronics
during assembly.
The RP2040 powerful, cost-effective
microcontroller based on dual Arm®
Cortex®-M0+ processors. This device
offers maximum performance at low
power, which can be crucial for deeply
embedded applications, enabling long-
duration operation with relatively small
batteries.
RP2040 is also ideal for endpoint
AI, thanks to the built-in TensorFlow
Lite Micro library. This allows the
microcontroller to run machine learning
(ML) models for sensor-based analysis,
such as voice and image recognition
and accelerometer-based gesture
recognition.
ROSE NoVoTronic enclosures feature
integrated guide grooves that function
both as a styling and functional
element, for slide-in strips or
electromechanical components, with
built-in stacking and footing aids to
ensure secure connections of multiple
enclosures.
BOPLA Euromas series is a classic
industrial enclosure that is available
in three different material variants:
ABS, polycarbonate and polycarbonate
with UL 94 V-0 flame protection. A
transparent cover allows a view into the
enclosure. Inside the enclosure features
large processing areas and versatile
mounting options for connectors,
switches and keys. Circuit boards can
be securely fixed in the base by means
of screw domes. The enclosure can also
be supplied on request with quick-
release fastener screws.
www.mouser.com/manufacturer/
phoenix-mecano
The Pico series is a range of tiny, fast,
versatile boards built around RP2040.
From light displays and IoT devices to
signage and manufacturing processes,
the Pico boards can provide the power
to control countless home, hobby,
and industrial operations. Pico W also
includes fully certified 2.4GHz 802.11n
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2, making it the
perfect solution for IoT applications
and projects requiring wireless
communication.
The Compute Module 4 is a system-
on-module (SoM) that harnesses the
power of the popular Raspberry Pi 4
Model B SBC in a smaller form factor
suitable for product integration. The
optional dual-band 2.4/5.0GHz Wi-
Fi® and Bluetooth® 5.0 have modular
compliance certification. This allows the
board to be designed into end products
with significantly reduced compliance
testing, improving both cost and time
to market.
The Camera Module 3 is a compact
add-on camera for Raspberry Pi
applications, featuring a 12MP sensor,
and offered with standard and wide-
angle lenses; with or without an
infrared filter.
www.mouser.com
 NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS

How Edge
Processing
Is Enabling
Next-Gen
Millimeter
Wave Scanners
By Eamon Nash, Analog Devices

Introduction
Millimeter wave (mmWave) imaging has
become an important part of security
scanning systems in airports, public
buildings, and stadia. Millimeter wave
scanners are superior to traditional
metal detectors because they can
identify and locate both metallic
and non-metallic threats. This article
describes how mmWave imaging
hardware works and will present a
chipset that uses edge processing to
manage massive data loads to enable
the development of walkthrough
security scanning systems.
How mmWave
Imaging Works
Figure 1 illustrates how a mmWave
scanner operates. The system consists
of an array of transmitters and receivers
connected to a spatially dispersed
antenna array. The system is analogous
to a network analyser that is measuring
return loss or S11. At any one time, one
antenna in the array is transmitting a
low power signal at a single frequency.
The phase and amplitude of the
backscatter are measured by all of
the receive antennas in the array.
Polarisation may be used between the
transmit and receive antennas to reduce
direct transmit-to-receive leakage. Once
this measurement is complete, the
same signal is transmitted from another
transmit antenna (operating at the
same frequency) and the measurement
process is repeated.
Because the depth of penetration of RF
signals and the nature of the reflection
vary with frequency, the scan described
earlier is typically repeated at multiple
frequencies, across a wide band. The
resulting matrix of vectors forms a
multidimensional array (vs. frequency
and spatial location) that is used to create
an image that can identify metallic and
non-metallic objects that are concealed
between and under layers of clothing.
The hardware required to complete
such a scan must be multichannel and
have a wide operating frequency range.
The 10GHz to 40GHz frequency range
is wide enough to differentiate the
objects in a typical security scanning
scenario (clothing, backpacks,
weapons, and explosives). Higher
channel count systems tend to have
higher resolution, giving them the
ability to identify small objects. For
example, while detecting a razor blade
is critical in airport scanners, securing
public buildings and stadia focuses
more on the detection of larger items
such as weapons or explosives. In these
applications, a lower channel count is
typically used.

This signal reflects off the target and

generates backscatter (the illustration
shows reflection from a single point
on the target but in practice the
transmitted signal is omnidirectional, so
there will be reflections from multiple
points on the target).

Figure 1. Operation of a mmWave security imaging system.

www.mouser.com October 2023 11

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES
Another critical component in these
systems is fast switching time. This
enables the realisation of scanning
systems where the person being
scanned only has to pose for a short
amount of time (typically one second
or less). Next-generation walkthrough
systems require faster switching times
so that the person does not have to
stop and pose.
Figure 2 shows how an Analog Devices
mmWave imaging chipset can be used
to implement a complete mmWave
scanner. An array of transmitters
(ADAR2001) is driven from a central
agile frequency source. An array of
receivers (ADAR2004) detects the
reflected signals and downconverts
them to a low intermediate frequency
at which they are IF sampled by a
multichannel continuous-time sigma-
delta (CTSD) converter (AD9083).
We will now take a closer look at
these components and how their
functionality optimises overall system
performance.
Transmitter
As already noted, the transmitter
consists of a large channel count of
spatially dispersed antennas, each
driven by a power amplifier. The
ADAR2001 is a 4-channel transmitter
that connects directly to the antennas
and has an output frequency range
of 10GHz to 40GHz. Because of the
difficulty associated with distributing
a 10GHz to 40GHz signal in a large
array, the ADAR2001 incorporates a 4×
multiplier. As a result, all the plumbing
and signal distribution in front of the
transmitter ICs happens in the 2.5GHz
to 10GHz frequency range.
The main RF elements of the
ADAR2001 transmitter are an RF input
buffer, a 4× frequency multiplier with
integrated switchable harmonic filters, a
1:4 signal splitter, and four differential-
out power amplifiers, which are
intended to drive differential antenna
structures such as dipole or spiral
antennas. A detailed block diagram of
the ADAR2001 is shown in Figure 3.
12 October 2023
FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
Figure 2. A complete mmWave imaging system.
A CW RF input signal between 2.5GHz
to 10GHz and with a power level
of at least –20dBm is applied to the
RFIN port. The broadband frequency
multiplier consists of three parallel
subcircuits. Each subcircuit (low band,
mid band, high band) is optimised to
multiply and filter a segment of the
total frequency range. Switches at the
input and output of the multiplier block
are used to select the subcircuit for the
desired frequency of operation.
The multiplier output passes through
a programmable attenuator before
being split into four and applied to four
power amplifiers. In addition to the
configurable filtering in the multiplier
block, each PA contains a low-pass/
notch filter that can be enabled or
disabled. For output frequencies up to
20GHz, this filter should be enabled.
Above 20GHz, it should be disabled.
The programmable attenuator is used
to help ensure relatively flat output
power vs. frequency. This attenuator
has approximately 15dB of digital step
attenuation range.
As the output frequency sweeps from
10GHz to 40GHz, this attenuation
should be decreased to maintain the
desired output power flatness vs.
frequency. This results in a nominal PA
output power of +5dBm on each of the
differential PA outputs with harmonic
suppression that ranges from –20dBc to
–30dBc.
To do a complete 10GHz to 40GHz
frequency sweep, the multiplier/filter
block settings must be adjusted seven
times to ensure optimum harmonic
rejection and output power. In
addition, while the system is dwelling
at one frequency, each transmitter
channel must be successively turned on
and off. To avoid creating a bottleneck
of SPI commands, the ADAR2001
includes two state machines that can
be pre-programmed with up to 70
states. Once the device’s RAM has
been programmed, state advances can
be made with a simple pulse to the
device’s MADV (advance) pin. These
features combine to ensure a 2ns
channel switching time.
This switching time is also achievable
when switching between ICs (for
example, Channel 4 of Device A is
switching off as Channel 1 of Device
B is switching on). Because a full
scan involves a full-channel sweep at
multiple frequencies, switching time
is critical. For example, if the array has
500 elements and is going to sweep
from 10GHz to 40GHz in 50MHz steps,
it must perform a total of 300,000
channel switches to complete a full
scan.
The RF output power on each channel
can be monitored using individual,
on-chip RF detectors. Die temperature
can also be monitored by an on-chip
temperature sensor. These sensors feed
into a 5:1 analogue multiplexer, which
passes the desired signal to an on-chip
8-bit ADC.
www.mouser.com

Figure 3. The ADAR2001 10GHz to 40GHz transmitter.
The ADF4368 PLL/VCO provides the
stimulus to the transmitter network. Its
output signal will be split multiple times
depending on the number of transmit
channels.
The ADF4368’s relatively high output
power of +9dBm and the minimum
input threshold of the ADAR2001
(–20dBm) ensure that the ADF4368’s
output can be passively split many
times before amplifier buffering is
required.
Receiver
The reflections from the transmission
are picked up by the receivers, which
are an array of multichannel mixers
and ADCs. The ADAR2004 is a quad
mixer and ADC driver with a digitally
programmed gain amplifier (DGA). The
LO input, which also has an internal
4× multiplier, is driven by a second PLL
whose output frequency is offset from
the radio frequency so that the mixer
produces a real IF output.
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NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
The IF outputs of the mixers are then
sampled by the AD9083, a 16-channel
continuous-time sigma-delta ADC with
integrated digital downconversion. An
IF sampling architecture was chosen
over a zero-IF architecture to avoid DC
offsets that result from LO leakage in
the receiver and I/Q errors that result
from imperfect quadrature balance in
the LO’s quadrature splitter.
While these imperfections can be
mitigated by calibration, calibration
would be required at every input
frequency because LO leakage and
quadrature errors tend to vary with
frequency.
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of
the ADAR2004 quad mixer. The LO
input is driven by a 2.5GHz to 10GHz
sine wave that produces a 10GHz to
40GHz at the output of the multiplier.
The multiplier output is fed to the four
mixers that have a programmable gain
on their IF outputs. Like the ADAR2001
transmitter, the ADAR2004 receiver
also has two on-chip state machines
that can be pre-programmed.
Multichannel ADC
Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the
AD9083, a 16-channel CTSD ADC. The
ADC inputs are designed to have the
same common-mode voltage as the IF
outputs of the ADAR2004. This allows
the mixer output and the ADC input to
be connected directly.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
Figure 4. The ADAR2004 10GHz to 40GHz receiver
block diagram.
The absence of AC-coupling capacitors
ensures that there are no charging/
discharging transients when the mixer
output switches abruptly (for example,
during a frequency step at the input of
the mixer).
The use of a first-order CTSD ADC
architecture with an integrated
single-pole filter saves PCB space
by minimising external filtering.
The architecture also enables a fast
signal settling time when compared
to the settling time of Nyquist rate
converters, which require highly
selective antialiasing filters to eliminate
noise folding. Fast settling time is a key
requirement in this application because
the ADC settling time must be able to
keep up with the fast channel switching
on the transmit side.
Each ADC has a signal processing
tile to filter out-of-band, shaped
noise from the sigma-delta ADC
and reduce the sample rate. Each
tile contains a cascaded integrator
comb (CIC) filter, a quadrature digital
downconverter (DDC) with multiple
finite input response (FIR) decimation
filters (decimate by J block), or up to
three quadrature DDC channels with
averaging decimation filters for data
gating applications.
The presence of three quadrature
DDC channels enables simultaneous
demodulation of up to three
frequencies. We will see later how this
can be used to dramatically speed up
the scan time.
October 2023 13
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES
Figure 5. The AD9083 block diagram.
System Setup and
Operation
The ADAR2001 and ADAR2004 were
specifically designed for efficient
operation in large arrays. Particular
emphasis was placed on reducing
wiring overhead. The RFIN and LO input
ports of ADAR2001 and ADAR2004
can operate at input levels as low as
–20dBm. Because it is desirable to drive
these inputs from a common LO source
(the ADF4368 in this case), this low
input sensitivity allows lots of passive
fanout before amplification is required.
For example, if we assume that a
Wilkinson power splitter has a net loss
of 1dB, the ADF4368’s output power
of 9dBm can be passively fanned out
seven times and can drive 128 devices
(512 channels).
The advance and reset pins that drive
the ADAR2001 and ADAR2004’s
on-chip sequencers are also designed
to be driven in parallel to minimise
the number of GPIOs the processor
or FPGA must provide. By providing
enough depth and complexity in the
sequencers, it is possible to drive up to
16 ADAR2001 devices with a single set
of advance and reset pulses.
Before operation, the ADAR2001
and ADAR2004’s sequencers must
be programmed. While it is possible
to access all of the functionality of
both devices using SPI commands, the
associated latency would result in an
unacceptably long overall scan time.
14 October 2023
FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
Let’s consider how to set up a
64-channel system (64-transmitter,
64-receiver) for a channel-based scan
- that is, we cycle through all of the
transmit channels at a single frequency
before incrementing the frequency and
repeating the scan.
Figure 6 shows how the state machines
in the 16 ADAR2001 devices are
programmed to enable this sweep.
A key goal of the architecture is to
be able to sequence multiple devices
that are doing different things from
common control lines.
Notice in Figure 6 that while each
IC has 65 states, most of the ICs are
programmed to be in sleep mode (SLP)
most of the time. For example, IC 1 is
only fully active for the first four states
as channels 1, 2, 3, and 4 of that IC
sequentially transmit.
Figure 6. Programming 16 ADAR2001 transmitters for a channel sweep that is driven by a single advance pulse.
During these four states, all the other
ICs are either in SLP or ready (RDY)
mode.
Likewise, IC 2 is only fully active during
states 5 to 8 as all of the other ICs
are either in SLP or RDY mode. By
configuring the 16 state machines in
this manner with their on cycles offset
from one another, it is possible to drive
the advance and reset lines of all 16
devices with parallel pulses.
The RDY mode is an intermediate state
of what was developed to optimise
switching time while saving power.
Because most of the transmitters are
inactive most of the time, the SLP
mode is key to keeping down power
consumption. However, the time
required to switch from SLP mode to
transmit mode (50ns) is excessive from
a system perspective and would result
in delays during the scan. The RDY
mode is an intermediate state that can
be invoked when an IC is preparing to
transmit.
Notice in Figure 6 that in State 4,
Channel 4 of IC 1 is transmitting, and
IC 2 is being prepared for transmission
by placing it in RDY mode. In the
transition from transmitter states 4 to
5, IC 1 transitions from transmit mode
to RDY mode, and IC 2 transitions from
RDY to transmit mode. This transition
takes 10ns. The subsequent on-chip
channel switches (that is, from Channel
1 to Channel 2 to Channel 3 to Channel
4 on IC 2) have a switching time of 2ns.
www.mouser.com

For a 1024-element array that sweeps
from 10GHz to 40GHz in 0.1GHz steps,
the complete scan time would be less
than 20ms. This assumes a PLL lock
time of 50μs. If two PLLs operating in
ping-pong mode were used to achieve
faster frequency settling, the scan time
would be well below 5ms.
The operation and sequencing of
the ADAR2004 receiver are less
complex because it is typical practice
to configure all the receiver channels
to be receiving all the time. The state
machines must still be sequenced so
that the correct multiplier path and
filter settings are chosen as the receiver
sweeps in tandem with the transmitter.
As already noted, each AD9083
ADC channel can access up to three
quadrature DDC channels. This means
that it can simultaneously demodulate
three frequencies, assuming that all
three frequencies are within the input
frequency range of the ADC’s analogue
input bandwidth (125MHz).
Energy Storage
Solutions
www.mouser.com
NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
For example, by positioning three IF
tones at 50MHz, 75MHz, and 100MHz,
all three can be simultaneously
demodulated into I and Q baseband
data.
To facilitate this approach on the
transmit side, three transmit PLLs must
be used instead of one. The three
transmit frequencies must always be
directed to different physical transmit
ICs (the multipliers in the ADAR2001
cannot conduct multitone signals).
The three frequencies must always
be different but must remain close
in frequency to one another as they
sweep.
For example, if one channel on one of
the ADAR2001 devices is transmitting
at 10GHz, two other devices will
be transmitting at 10.025GHz and
10.050GHz to support IF outputs at
50MHz, 75MHz, and 100MHz. This
scheme requires more hardware and
switching infrastructure in the transmit
path but has the benefit of reducing
the overall scan time by a factor of 3.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
Conclusion
The chipset consisting of the
ADAR2001 quad transmitter, the
ADAR2004 quad receiver, the AD9083
16-channel ADC, and the ADF4368
PLL/VCO provides the high level of
integration and functionality that
is necessary to implement next-
generation walkthrough mmWave
security scanners. Integrated state
machines and on-chip digital
downconversion significantly offload
traditional centralised processing and
move it to the Intelligent Edge. The
net result is that the central processor
has to worry less about controlling
the system during a scan and the data
that it receives is already demodulated
and decimated. While this chipset was
developed specifically for mmWave
security imaging applications, the wide
frequency range of the ADAR2001
transmitter and ADAR2004 receiver
as well as the level of integration of
the AD9083 16-channel ADC, make
this chipset useful in other applications
where high channel density and fast
switching are required.
October 2023 15
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

As 5G Advances in
Industry 4.0,
So Does Cyber Risk
More Connected Devices
Means More Endpoints
for Cybersecurity
Threats

By Jim Romeo for Mouser Electronics

The fifth generation (5G) of wireless This has, in turn, created numerous
technology has and will continue to endpoints vulnerable to cyber threats.
transform telecommunications. Many
new connections, capabilities, and In short, with the broad adoption
services will enable connections to of 5G in industrial systems comes
millions of edge devices in the wake of increased cyber risks that leave
Industry 4.0. In this article, we provide networks vulnerable to compromise.
an overview of the significance of 5G networks are a likely target for
not just the arrival of 5G but also the cybercriminals to exploit sensitive data.
potential rise in cybersecurity risk. Such
risk calls for an examination of the
threats that pose dangers in this new
environment and the steps to take to
mitigate them.

The Emergence of
Connected Industrial
Control Systems

5G wireless technology is transforming

telecommunication networks, enabling
a plethora of connected devices that
provide new capabilities and enhance
innovation. This transformation is
accelerating Industry 4.0, which has
applied the benefits of IT capabilities
on physical systems, enhancing
many different control mechanisms.
Using digital technology to replace
legacy analog controls, connected
devices such as embedded digital
controls, cameras, and sensors have
ushered in an environment of "smart"
everything—from buildings and
transportation to manufacturing and
many other industries.
Be Vigilant of the
Many Different Types
of Cyber Threats
While there are numerous types of
cyberattacks, Figure 1 presents some
of the most common categories. Each
has many variations that can damage
organizations, so employees throughout
the company should remain vigilant. Figure 1: Types of general security threats.
(Source: Mouser Electronics)

16 October 2023 www.mouser.com


Segregate Networks
One way to mitigate risks across an
organization—and an important
point of overall network security—
is by segregating corporate and
industrial or control networks via
different architectures. By introducing
a simple two-port firewall between
the corporate and control networks,
companies can achieve significant
security improvements. If properly
configured, such a firewall reduces the
chance of a successful external attack
on the control network.
Develop Risk
Management Plans
and Policies
To further mitigate the risk of
cybersecurity compromise brought
on by the infusion of billions of
connected devices that 5G enables,
risk management plans and policies are
critical. Companies should continually
evaluate and adjust these policies as
5G adoption continues to grow and as
automation technology, cyber security
threats, and personnel change. Risk
management plans and policies should
be built on processes that focus on
framing and assessing risks, responding
to threats, and continuously monitoring
processes and systems to detect such
risks. For example, policy may include
implementing symmetric encryption as
a means of protecting data so that only
the sender and recipient can use the
key or password to gain access.
In the context of cybersecurity, these
processes are mostly interrelated and
will vary according to the size, location,
landscape, and nature of the business
and industry.
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NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
Build a Security Program
to Deter Cyber Risk
Using these risk management policies,
organizations should develop and
deploy an industrial control security
program. Such a program should
work together with other IT security
programs throughout the enterprise.
The security program’s key elements
should include building and training
cross-functional teams, conducting
regular security audits, and using
an established risk management
framework, such as the U.S.
Department of Commerce National
Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) cybersecurity framework.
While establishing a security program
is important, it’s equally important
to continually update it to reflect
changes in technology, operations
and processes, industry standards
and regulations, and any unique
requirements for the security of specific
equipment, processes, or facilities.
Develop a
Cross-Functional
Team and Promote
Cybersecurity Culture
As mentioned in the previous section,
cross-functional teams are an important
part of a security program. Because
the domain knowledge across an
enterprise varies, cross-functional teams
can bring different but complementary
knowledge and skills to managing and
mitigating risk.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
For example, a team may include
personnel from IT, engineering
(specifically those knowledgeable about
underlying automation and controls),
and operations plus cybersecurity and
IT architecture subject matter experts.
An information security manager
should oversee the team and its
ongoing work.
To further bolster the cross-functional
team and its mission, organizations also
need to create a cybersecurity culture
that extends beyond the team and into
the extended enterprise. This includes
training and educating all personnel,
implementing policies such as two-
factor authentication throughout the
organization, and enforcing processes
like cybersecurity clearances for
contractors, vendors, and other tiered
organizations that work with the
company.
Conclusion
By utilizing established cybersecurity
frameworks and developing shrewd
policies and practices, organizations
can mitigate much of the risk posed by
the expansion of 5G in Industry 4.0.
Part of the journey is understanding
the consequences of attacks and taking
steps to build not only secure networks
and devices but also a culture that
recognizes threats and vulnerabilities
well ahead of an attack.
October 2023 17
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

Digital
Engineering
and Space
Cybersecurity
By Rudy Ramos for Mouser Electronics

Cybersecurity in space refers to Cloud Provisioning Conclusion

the measures taken to protect and Embedded
spacecraft, satellites, and Security Cybersecurity in space is a
other space-based systems crucial consideration for the
from cyber threats such as The OPTIGA™ Trust M design, development, and
hacking, unauthorized access, Evaluation Kit from Infineon operation of space systems,
and malware attacks. Digital Technologies takes the and digital engineering
engineering, on the other secured connectivity to plays a key role in enabling
hand, refers to using digital the cloud to the next level the creation of secure and
technologies and approaches with secured zero-touch reliable space systems.
to design, develop, and provisioning, easy integration, MAXQ1065 Evaluation
operate complex systems, future-proof security, and Kit from Maxim This week's products
including space systems. performance. Integrated consists of five address the growing focus
MAXQ1065GTC+ devices in on securing embedded
Space systems rely on complex a 12-pin TDFN package and systems and cloud service
networked systems and digital a MAXQ1065 evaluation 12- provisioning. AI and cloud
technologies to function pin TDFN socket board. The services are driving innovative
and perform their intended device makes it fast and easy applications in space,
missions, which makes them to implement full security for including those related to
vulnerable to cyber threats. embedded and connected cybersecurity.
Cybersecurity in space is The OPTIGA™ Trust M products without requiring
critical for the safety and solution is a high-end security firmware development. The The number of devices
reliability of these systems and controller optimized for MAXQ1065 coprocessors connected to these
for protecting sensitive data connected devices. It provides can be designed-in from applications is exponentially
and communication channels. extremely flexible, high- the start or added to an growing, presenting
performance, secured access existing design to guarantee opportunities, and increasing
Digital engineering can play a to any major cloud provider confidentiality, authenticity, security risks. This week's
role in cybersecurity in space for industrial and building and integrity of the device. devices and development
by enabling the development automation, smart home, and platforms allow for the
of robust and secure systems consumer applications. The MAXQ1065 EV kit is fast-tracking of digital
using digital tools and designed to be compatible engineering solutions to
techniques. This can include The OPTIGA™ Trust M offers with a variety of platforms, implement comprehensive
using advanced modeling and ease of integration and a wide including PC, Raspberry Pi, security for embedded and
simulation tools to design range of security features, Arduino Uno, and custom connected products.
and test the security of space including CC EAL6+ (high) motherboards. The software
systems as well as using digital certified high-end security development kit (SDK)
approaches to manage and controller, I2C interface provides several tools for
monitor the security of these with shielded connection, evaluating the MAXQ1065
systems throughout their cryptographic toolbox, socket board using one of
lifecycle. and MIT licensed software the supported platforms. The
framework on GitHub. SDK is available by request.

18 October 2023 www.mouser.com

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Delivering precise measurements

for a smarter and greener future

Infineon Technologies XENSIV™ PAS CO2 Sensor

www.mouser.com October 2023 19

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

Three considerations
for automotive
powertrain safety
and security
Contributed on behalf of Texas Instruments

With functional safety and security concerns in automotive
electronics gaining attention, including in standards
bodies, it’s important for automotive designers to enable
functionally safe and secure automotive electric powertrains.
Functional safety, cybersecurity and high-voltage safety play
an important role in the design, development and mass
production of modern electric vehicles.
Functional safety
A prevalent estimate for the amount of software in a
modern vehicle is between 100 and 200 million lines of
code. This software runs on a large variety of programmable
electronic control units and provides functions for advanced
driver assistance systems and safety features in the vehicle.
Examples of such systems include blind-spot monitoring,
automatic emergency brakes and adaptive cruise control.
Vehicles with autonomous and electric features require
functional safety for safe operation.
Cybersecurity
And with electric vehicle battery voltages approaching 600
to 800 V, it is equally important to understand and apply the
requirements for high-voltage safety systems.
Automotive safety and security
standards
These international standards address safety and security
aspects:
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
26262:2018 outlines the functional safety requirements
of road vehicles.
- ISO 6469:2018 specifies high-voltage electrical safety
requirements for electrically propelled road vehicles.
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WP29:2020
details automotive cybersecurity requirements for automakers
worldwide.
Additionally, automotive Tier 1s (subsystem manufacturers)
follow:

The increasing sophistication in the type and amount of - ISO DIS 21434:2020, which is still a draft international standard
connectivity available makes vehicles more vulnerable to and a superset of Society of Automotive Engineers
digital attacks. What was once considered the gold standard
- (SAE) J3061. ISO DIS 21434:2020 outlines a cybersecurity
in the prevention of cyberattacks is no longer valid. Given the
management framework and activities in deference to the ISO
implementation of communications protocols like Controller
26262 functional safety-compliant V-model-based product
Area Network and Bluetooth®, and now Global System for
development life cycle.
Mobile Communications and Wi-Fi® networks for vehicle-to-
vehicle communication, automobiles are no longer protected - SAE J3061:2016, the original “Cybersecurity Guidebook for
by the “air gap” between them and networks that hackers Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems” on which ISO/SAE DIS 21434
may employ. Imagine a scenario where a hacker immobilizes is based.
a vehicle and only unlocks it after being paid a ransom in
bitcoin. Electric vehicle system designers must consider aspects of all
three safety and security measures.
High voltage
ISO 26262 defines four automotive safety integrity levels
Additionally, all aspects of the electric drivetrain – such as (ASILs), as listed in Table 1.
the onboard charger, high-voltage to high-voltage or high-
voltage to low-voltage DC/DC converter, and electric vehicle
traction inverter – all use programmable microcontrollers
(MCUs) such as C2000Tm real-time MCUs.

20 October 2023 www.mouser.com

 NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS

Single-point Latent fault Probabilistic metric for

ASIL class
fault metric metric hardware random fails
ASIL A n/a n/a n/a
≤100 failure in time
ASIL B ≥90% ≥60%
(FIT)
ASIL C ≥97% ≥80% ≤100 FIT
ASIL D ≥99% ≥90% ≤10 FIT
Table 1: ISO 26262 quantitative random hardware diagnostic coverage metrics per each
ASIL class

ISO/SAE 21434 defines four cybersecurity assurance levels

(CALs) based on attack vector and impact, as listed in Table 2.
Attack Vector
Physical Local Adjacent Network
Negligible n/a n/a n/a n/a
Moderate CAL 1 CAL 1 CAL 2 CAL 3
Impact

Safety
Major CAL 1 CAL 2 CAL 3 CAL 4
Severe CAL 2 CAL 3 CAL 4 CAL 4

Table 2: ISO/SAE 21434 cybersecurity assurance levels

SAE J3061 defines four cybersecurity integrity levels (CSILs)

Chain
and recommends the application of a cybersecurity process
for all automotive systems responsible for functions that are
ASIL rated per ISO 26262, or for functions associated with
subsystems such as propulsion, braking and steering. These
are CSIL A, CSIL B, CSIL C and CSIL D.

ISO 6469 describes four classes that depend on the

HMI
maximum working voltage range “U” of an electric circuit,
as listed in Table 3.
Panel
Highest (maximum) working voltage
Voltage class AC voltage (in root-
DC voltage (in V)
mean-square value)
A
B
0 < U ≤ 60
60 < U ≤ 1,500
0 < U ≤ 30
30 < U ≤ 1,000
Control
B1 60 < U ≤ 75 30 < U ≤ 50 Stop
B2 75 < U ≤ 1,500 50 < U ≤ 1,000
Table 3: ISO 6469 permissible maximum voltage levels per each voltage class

There is significant synergy between ISO 21434 and ISO

26262 in terms of how to implement their recommendations
during the design, development and mass production of an
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic system.

Conclusion Complete Machine

With the increasing complexity of automotive subsystems Safety Chain Solutions
in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles and the
electrification of the powertrain, safety and security are
becoming higher priorities. Fortunately, commonly accepted Watch Videos
normative international standards address these safety and
security aspects.

TI can help you make security and safety assessments and

achieve security and safety goals in your automotive designs.
For example, while developing a powertrain solution with a
C2000™ real-time MCU, the online safety material is a great
starting point.

www.mouser.com October 2023 21

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

From the
Connector Geek
Don’t diss connectors! David Pike is proud to call himself the ‘Connector Geek’.
He has spent nearly 30 years in the interconnection marketplace, working with
manufacturers and distributors, building a reputation throughout the industry
for his passion and knowledge. So we gave him his own series...

DO CONNECTORS POSE
CYBERSECURITY RISKS?
When we imagine the concept of
cybersecurity, the classical portrayal
is often a lone hacker, working in the
shadows, using computers to infiltrate
corporate or government networks.
While this may have been true
decades ago, the reality has evolved
as cybersecurity and cyber warfare
have entered an industrialised age. The
modern hacker is just as likely to sit
in an air-conditioned office building,
wearing a tie and a name badge.
The traditional portrayal of a hacker
Wherever the modern cybersecurity
specialist plies their trade, the image is
still of someone using the internet to
conduct their work remotely. However,
this is just one aspect of cybersecurity,
the one that we see reported in the
newspapers. The truth is that some
risks are of a physical nature, and this is
where connectors play their part.
Just a few days before I wrote this In the article, the writer suggested that
column in September of 2023, Apple the USB-C might be the first piece of
had announced the launch of their technology in history that everyone in
latest iPhone. Alongside the usual the world will possess.
selection of improvements – faster
processors, improved cameras and
brighter displays – there was another
change that made the headlines.
For the first time, Apple have
abandoned their infamous Lightning
connector and adopted the USB Type-C
as the main interface for the iPhone.
Whether this was a conscious business
choice or Apple’s hand was forced by
the latest legislation is a subject for
another day. However, the practical
consequence is that all the latest
generation of smartphones available on
the market today will use the USB-C.
The USB-C – One Plug to Rule Them All
Truly Universal
Whether this is likely to be true is, once
The Universal Serial Bus Type-C again, a subject for another column,
connector is a fantastic tool that is but it does highlight an interesting
simplifying the world of electronic concern for anyone interested in
devices. It can deliver power, data cybersecurity. The USB-C is a connector
and even video connections in a small that has been designed from the
interface. When it was launched nearly beginning to be universal. When every
a decade ago, even the New York handheld device, machine, computer
Times featured a story about it. and domestic appliance is fitted with
the same connector, how do you
As much as I love connectors, even I protect the device to which it is fitted?
will confess that it is unusual for major
news channels to feature a story of This is the same problem that users have
this kind. faced with the original USB connector,
the letter-box-shaped type-A.

22 October 2023 www.mouser.com


These have been around long enough
to have entered Hollywood. How
many movies have shown the hero
escape from a dinner party to sneak
into the bad guy’s office with a small
USB memory stick, and download the
evidence needed to bring them to
justice? This portrayal of cybersecurity
might prove to be a more accurate
representation of reality than the hero
typing into a computer.
With the launch and widespread
adoption of the USB-C, we now have a
connector that has become so common
that it is virtually invisible. People
carry them in their pockets or on their
keyrings, leave them lying on their
desks or throw them into their bag.
This could mean that they pose an
even bigger security risk than the
shadowy hacker. If someone can gain
physical access to your equipment, the
USB-C with its unobtrusive design,
universal interface, and plug-and-play
functionality could be the backdoor
they need cause havoc.
High School Physics
While this universality might make it
the latest challenge to cybersecurity,
this is not the first time that connectors
and wires have created a potential
weak point. Connectors and cables
are simple devices that carry electrical
signals along conductive paths made of
metal. But if you cast your mind back
to your high school physics lessons,
there is an unbreakable relationship
between electricity, magnetic fields and
electromagnetic radiation.
Many of the devices that we use
today depend on this relationship.
The electric motor and generator
both work by using the movement of
conductive elements through magnetic
fields. The generator depends on
this movement to create a current
and generate electricity, while the
motor uses electricity and magnets to
create motion. As far as the physics
is concerned, the differences are
unimportant – they both make use of
the same effect.
The force exerted by a motor is
achieved by using many conductive
wires in parallel, but even a tiny current
passing along an individual circuit will
exert an influence on the environment
around it.
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NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
Industrial clamp meters used by
electricians take advantage of this
effect to measure the current flowing
through wires without breaking them.
It is perfectly possible to gain
information about the data passing
through the cable by exploiting
the same physical effect. There is a
fascinating book called Blind Man’s
Bluff that describes the efforts that the
superpowers were willing to expend
during the Cold War years of the 20th
Century to intercept traffic through
undersea cables. Using submarines,
taps were placed on cables to
eavesdrop on telephone conversations,
obtaining vital information about the
opponent’s intentions.
Undersea cables are still relevant today.
Even in the era of wireless connections
and satellite communication, the
importance of undersea cables has
increased rather than decreased as
they form the backbone of the modern
internet. The principal difference is
that most today’s undersea cables use
optical fibres rather than copper and
electrons.
There are plenty of technical reasons
for this. Even the smallest optical fibre
can carry vast volumes of data over
long distances, making them ideal for
ocean-spanning communications.
They are also immune to the kind of
electromagnetic eavesdropping that
makes copper cables vulnerable. The
light travelling through the fibre does
not alter the magnetic field, making
them impossible to intercept.
Modern undersea optical fibre cable
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
The undersea optical fibre network
is still vulnerable to physical threats.
As we become more dependent on
high-speed internet communications,
the security of our undersea cables
is vital. Recent internet outages have
been caused by natural events such
as undersea rockfalls or earthquakes,
but the cables are also can also be
damaged by more malevolent forces. In
this case, the removal of our ability to
communicate could be just as crippling
as the interception of our data.
Make Connectors Part
of Your Cybersecurity
Policy
With so many of us carrying powerful
computing devices in our pockets every
day, we are constantly being advised
to protect our personal data. We are
wary of public wireless networks, and
we are cautious about opening emails
that appear too good to be true.
But even the most modern wireless
communications depend on physical
infrastructure. A significant part of the
journey that data takes to reach your
phone will be over physical, copper
cabling.
The next time you watch a movie in
which the hero frantically types into
a computer to disable the bad guy’s
network, consider whether it might
have been easier for them to just bluff
their way into the villain’s lair and use
a USB memory stick. And consider
whether, in creating a truly universal
interface, the interconnection industry
has unintentionality made it easier for
the bad guy to access your information
instead.
Just like the mythical Hydra,
cybersecurity is a many-headed
monster. For every attack you foil, those
who wish to infiltrate your network
will find a new approach. The physical
accessibility of a universal connector
is a tempting target, especially when
its familiarity can make us overlook
the role it plays in our data security. To
counter this, we must make sure that
physical security – controlling who has
access to our computer hardware and
connectors – is just as important as
virtual security.
When formulating your cybersecurity
policy, don’t let the connectors that you
use be the weak point that lets the bad
guys in.
October 2023 23
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

The development
tools you need
Top 5 Development Tools

Mouser offers one of the widest ranges of development kits immediately available off-the-shelf to help
designers get started. Here, Mouser’s Technical Marketing Manager, EMEA, Mark Patrick, presents his
‘Top 5 Pick’ of recently-released dev kits. www.mouser.com/Development-Tools-Center

Watching the waves

Crystek CEVAL-0914 oscillator
eval board
Crystek’s CEVAL-0914 evaluation board is designed to
test 9mm x 14mm VCXOs, VCSOs, and clock oscillators.
It uses a high-performance test socket capable of up to
3GHz operation with minimal signal loss, and can test
sine wave or CMOS waveform output-based oscillators
without soldering the Unit Under Test (UUT). The board
has two methods to supply power and control voltage,
female SMAs or terminal screws, and operates across the
-40°C to 85°C temperature range.

FIND OUT MORE >>

SoM product
Critical Link MitySOM-AM62
devkit
The 80-001694 devkit provides all the hardware and
software support for evaluating the MitySOM-AM62
System-on-Module (SOM). The kit comes complete with
the MitySOM-AM62 module, an onboard dual RS-232 to
micro-USB port, dual 10/100/1000 Mbit Ethernet, dual
USB 2.0 host ports, one MIPI camera interface port, and
one USB 2.0 Dual Role Device (DRD) port. The kit also
includes dual electrically isolated CAN bus ports and a 46-
pin 0.1” header that provides several direct connections
to the AM62x processor supporting GPIO, SPI, I2C, and
GPMC peripherals.

An HDMI port supports displays up to 2048 x 2048

resolution through a standard connector (video only).
Support for up to two LCD displays utilizing LVDS data
and I2C control interfaces are available via an external
connector interface. Standard stereo line-in and line-out
3.5mm / 1/8th jacks are provided for audio. A standard
micro-SD card interface is available for MitySOMAM62
boot media and general non-volatile data storage.

FIND OUT MORE >>

24 October 2023 www.mouser.com

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Quick IoT
u-blox USB-ANNA-B4
These eval tools allow quick prototyping of a variety of
extremely low-powered IoT applications. They are built on
the ultra-compact BLUETOOTH® low energy SIP module
ANNA-B4, based on the Nordic Semiconductor nRF52833
chip, and feature a USB stick form factor with a USB
interface to simplify evaluation and prototyping directly
from a PC. The USB-ANNA-B4 demo tools support the full
BLUETOOTH® Core specification v5.1 and IEEE 802.15.4
standards. The USB-ANNA-B4 boards are available in two
variants to accommodate alternative software solutions.
The USB-ANNA-B402 board includes an Open CPU
ANNA-B402 module with an internal 2.4GHz antenna
(integrated with the SiP), while the USB-ANNA-B412
board includes an ANNA-B412 module with pre-flashed
u-connectXpress software and an internal 2.4GHz antenna
(integrated into the SiP).

FIND OUT MORE >>

Get GaNing
Wolfspeed CMPA1D1J001S-AMP1
eval board
This evaluation board is designed to demonstrate the
functionality and versatility of Wolfspeed’s CMPA1D1J001S
12.7GHz to 18GHz, 1W GaN High Power Amplifier (HPA).
The CMPA1D1J001S utilizes Wolfspeed’s high performance,
0.15µm GaN, on the SiC production process. With a
12.7GHz to 18GHz frequency range, the CMPA1D1J001S
supports radar and communication applications within
military and commercial markets.

FIND OUT MORE >>

Thinner massive MIMO

NXP A5M36TG140TC-EVB
eval board
NXP Semiconductors’ A5M36TG140TC-EVB top-side-
cooling evaluation board enables thinner 5G massive
MIMO radios. The A5M36TG140TC-EVB removes the
need for the dedicated RF shield and separates thermal
management from RF design. The first family of NXP
top-side-cooled devices are designed for 64T64R (320 W)
or 32T32R (200 W) mMIMO radios covering 3.3GHz to
3.8GHz. A5M36TG140TC-EVB Top-Side Cooling Evaluation
Board - NXP Semiconductors | Mouser

FIND OUT MORE >>

www.mouser.com October 2023 25

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

Tech Ideas
Twice as
many inputs
on the
Red Pitaya
STEMlab
125-14
By Črt Valentinčič, CTO, Red Pitaya

The traditional Olympic motto of Citius,

Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger)
not only applies in the world of sports,
but also to the technical needs and
requirements of STEMlab users. In
the tech world, standing still means
going backwards, and the constant
upgrading of STEMlab specifications is
only the logical result of combining this
basic idea with the dynamic Red Pitaya
philosophy.

But changes and improvements don’t

always come in the form of large
technological advances related to
sampling frequencies and resolution.
Sometimes, it´s enough to come up with
an apparently simple but smart idea
to make users’ lives much easier. For
example, when browsing some of the
blog posts on the Red Pitaya website
we find a whole range of practical and
innovative case studies that make use
of the versatile STEMlab units. And in
some of these studies, we clearly see an
imbalance in the use of analog I/Os:
In his master’s thesis project, A.
Hungenberg explains how the Red
Pitaya unit captures laser intensity levels
via photodiodes, placed in the beam
after a linear Paul-trap with 40Ca+ ions
for qubit creation.
This experiment only uses the inputs
of a STEMlab 125-14, and none of
the outputs, as can be seen in the
experimental setup diagram below. In
his conclusions, the author refers to one
possible way of improving performance,
related to the availability of additional
inputs and increased noise reduction.
In another dissertation, A.J. Schluchter
also integrates the STEMlab 125-14
model in an imaging experiment.
In EIT, an array of electrodes injects
tiny currents in the body (or simulated
tissue), measuring the related voltages
to create a realistic image, very similar
to MRI scans. The figure below shows a
schematic overview of the EIT imaging
process, in which the Red Pitaya board
was responsible for generating the
analog output, as well as for the DAQ of
the measurement signals.

26 October 2023 www.mouser.com


Figure 4: Red Pitaya units integrated in the SPIDER experiment diagnostics
Figure 2: EIT imaging process overview
In the conclusions section the author
notes the need to include more inputs
and a better signal-to-noise ratio for
improved performance.
The scientific paper by T.-T. Nguyen
et al. on a high-precision LiDAR
system working in high background
light conditions describes another
project where the same Red Pitaya
model played a crucial role in distance
measurement for an Advanced Driver
Assistance System, using near-IR
light for object detection in realistic
background light conditions.
Figure 3: LiDAR main building blocks
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In this setup, the STEMlab receives
Start-Stop signals, making it possible to
measure the ToF (time-of-flight) of the
laser beam between the emitter-object-
receiver to determine the distance-
to-object (shown in Figure 3 below).
Fast ADC of the reflected beam signal,
along with a Python program for signal
processing, makes it possible to filter
out the background noise for safer
results. Both processes were carried out
by the Red Pitaya board, only utilizing
its analog inputs.
Finally, the clearest example of a
project that almost exclusively takes
advantage of the ADC inputs of the
STEMlab 125-14, and hardly any of its
outputs, is the SPIDER Beam Source
of the RFX Consortium, developed
for the experimental thermonuclear
fusion reactor prototype, ITER. In this
endeavor, SPIDER is in charge of Neutral
Beam Injection (NBI), one of the
systems that heat the reactor plasma up
to 150 million °C.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
At these temperatures and energies, the
solidity of beam diagnostics and DAQ
instruments is paramount, especially
given the necessary variety of systems,
requiring the integration of 12 FPGAs.
The RFX Consortium opted for STEMlab
units, mostly because of their flexible
logic design – enabling greater ease
of data transfer – as well as their small
size – allowing installation close to the
sensors – leading to a solution that
integrates several diagnostics systems
into a single model. Out of the 12 Red
Pitaya boards used, 11 (integrated in the
Dual Directional Couplers DDC, Beamlet
Current Measurement BCM, and Beam
Dump Current Measurement BDCM)
only made up of their input sampling
capacities.
Even if these projects were successful
and able to achieve their objectives, the
Red Pitaya team always believes there
is still potential for additional value,
especially for those projects where signal
generation is not needed. In such cases,
four Hi-Speed input channels would
be the perfect solution. This simple,
smart approach will save desk or rack
space, reducing the cost and power
consumption of similar solutions by a
significant factor.
On top of the increase in the number of
input channels, this upgrade has been
applied to the previously revamped
STEMlab 125-14 model with the Xilinx
Zynq 7020 SoC version, providing better
noise and crosstalk reduction as well
as superior computational capabilities,
while maintaining its legendary flexibility
and versatility, thanks to the customary
open-source programmability.
October 2023 27
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

Vision On Vision-based systems are playing an increasingly

important part in our everyday lives. In a new series,
regular Mouser’s EIU contributor, Adam Taylor of
Adiuvo Engineering, will examine key elements of
vision-based systems, from the different types of
sensors available to the application of image processing
By Adam Taylor
algorithms and the deployment of machine-learning
for Mouser Electronics
inference to extract information contained within.

An introduction to image
processing and image sensors
One of my memories of school math
classes is of the teacher saying mental
arithmetic was important as we would
not always have a calculator available
when needed. Fast forward 30 years
and of course, many of us are carrying
around a high-performance computers
nominally to make phone calls but mostly
used for messaging, surfing the internet,
gaming and of course occasional use as a
calculator.
The mobile phones I referred to -
and that we all carry around - also
have significant image processing /
embedded vision capabilities. In fact,
these embedded vision capabilities
have become so important they are
now a distinguishing factor in the
marketplace, and different mobile phone
manufacturers focus on the performance
and capabilities of the cameras as a
competitive advantage.
It is not just mobile phones where
vision systems play an important part
in our everyday life; increasingly image
processing and embedded vision are key
elements of our lives that are used not
only in our mobile phones to capture
our memories, but also across a range of
applications from automotive to medical
and of course smart cities.
This series of articles will examine key
elements of vision-based systems, from
the different types of sensors available
to the application of image processing
algorithms and the deployment of
machine learning inference to extract
information contained within.
In this first instalment we are going to
explore the different kind of sensors,
and how the sensor works. We are
also going to explore key elements of
sensor performance, which will have an
impact on the performance of the overall
application.
Most image sensors are defined to
work within the visible element of the
electromagnetic spectrum, that we as
humans can see. The stretches from
380nm to 700nm, or from blue to green
to red as human eyes perceive those
wavelengths. Though as we will see in
later instalments, embedded vision is
possible outside of the visible spectrum
and can be useful for several applications. integrated and hence converted to a
Two main technologies are used for
image sensors, Charge Coupled Devices
(CCD) and CMOS Image Sensors (CIS).
Charge Coupled Devices accumulate
charge within the sensor pixels (called
potential wells), this charge is transferred pixel resolution, typical pixel resolutions
sequentially from one pixel to another
during the read-out phase, just like a shift or 16 bits per pixel.
register. The final stage of the output is
a charge to voltage convertor, enabling
the pixel voltage to be sampled externally support higher resolutions and faster
using an ADC.
This makes CCD devices complex to drive
as transferring the charge effectively
from one pixel to another requires several
different precise, noise free voltages and
timing control signals.
Additional external circuitry is also
required to convert the voltage into a
digital pixel value which can be used
further in the processing system.
CMOS Image Sensors however, use a
active pixel sensor in which each pixel
contains a photo diode in series with a
capacitor.
This enables over the integration time
(the time the pixels are exposed to the
ambient light) the photo current to be
voltage. Unlike CCD devices CIS imagers
are read out by enabling each pixel in the
array to be directly addressed and output
via a amplifier and ADC on chip. This
provides each pixel in the array with a
digital value. The number of bits provided
by the ADC conversion will provide the
in image processing systems are 8, 10, 12
In both CCD and CIS solutions, to
frame rates several outputs may be
provided in parallel by segmenting the
image array.
Outside specialist applications such as
scientific and space imaging, most image
applications utilise a CIS as it provides a
simpler solution for integration requiring
fewer voltages and external components.
Selecting the sensor technology is
however only one element of selecting
the most appropriate image sensor for
your application.
The next step of the selection process is
to determine the resolution required in
terms of pixels per line and number of
lines.

28 October 2023 www.mouser.com


A scientific astronomy application, for
example, may require a high-resolution
two-dimensional sensor while an
industrial inspection system may be best
served using a line-scan approach.
Line-scan devices comprise one or a few
lines of pixels in the X direction, typical
applications include production line
inspection.
In Line Scan devices movement in the Y
direction provides the two-dimensional
image.
Line-scan sensors are also capable of
providing Time Domain Integration
(TDI), TDI devices have multiple lines in
the X direction. As the target moves,
the pixel value is accumulated from
one to the next thereby increasing
effective sensitivity to allow faster scan
speed or greater low-light performance.
Synchronization is required between the
line transfer and movement of the target,
to prevent smearing and image defects.
However, frame rates can be very high, as
there are only a few lines to read out.
Should a two-dimensional imager be
required we need to select the shutter
type, this can be either global or rolling
shutter. A global shutter image sensor
is similar to a classical camera in that all
of the pixels are exposed at the same
time and read out at the same time. This
means the image represents a snapshot
at a moment in time. As all of the pixels
are read out at the same time this can
limit the framerate of the sensor as
the read-out time can be considerable
especially for larger resolution sensors.
Alternatively, a rolling shutter reads out
a line at a time as other lines are still
integrating, this means we can achieve
a higher frame rate. However the image
does not represent a snapshot in time,
only a single line is a snapshot. As each
line represents a different snapshot in
time the image may contain artifacts
or smearing, especially when trying to
capture fast moving images.
CIS are available in both Global and
Rolling Shutter configurations, however
the most popular type of shutter across
many applications is the rolling shutter.
One of the most important consideration
for image systems is the noise allowable
within the image sensor. There are
several well-known noise sources with a
sensor
• Device Noise is temporal in nature and to be exposed directly to the incoming
includes shot noise as well as noise
introduced by the output amplifiers and poly silicon structures and increases the
reset circuits.
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NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES
• Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) is spatial in
nature and is related to the different
responses of pixels when subject to the
same illumination intensity.
• Dark current is caused by thermal noise
within the image sensor and is present
even when there is no illumination.
The impact of dark signal upon the
final image quality is less significant
at higher frame rates. It is also
temperature related, and so may be
reduced by cooling the sensor using a
device such as a Peltier element.
Understanding the noise model helps
determine the Signal to Noise Ratio
(SNR).
Along with understanding the noise
sources and how they effect the
image sensor, there are several device
parameters which are important. The
first of these is the dynamic range,
dynamic range quantifies the ability of
the sensor to capture images containing
both highly illuminated areas and dark
areas. It is usually expressed in dB or
as the ratio of the full-well capacity of
the pixel (the number of electrons the
pixel can hold before saturating) to the
sensor readout noise. If the device has a
digital output, the dynamic range may
also be influenced by the number of bits.
Dynamic range is one of the reasons,
the images taken on the manned moon
missions in the 60s and 70s did not show
many stars in the sky.
Another critical device parameter which
should be considered by the image
system designers is that of quantum
efficiency. QE is a measure of the
sensors pixels ability to convert incident
photons to electrons. If every photon
was converted to a electron the QE
would be said to be 100%, there are
several elements which can effect a
pixels quantum efficiency, this includes
the wavelength of the photon and the
construction of the sensor itself.
The construction of the sensor also has
a significant impact on the quantum
efficiency of the sensor. Image sensors
are typically manufactured on a silicon
substrate on to this poly silicon structures
are created. When a device is illuminated
from the front poly silicon structures can
appear opaque at some wavelengths
impacting the quantum efficiency. Back
illuminated devices have the silicon
thinned by a chemical / mechanical
process enabling the photo sensitive area
light. The removes the effects of the
quantum efficiency of the sensor.
MOUSER NEWS NEWS
So far we have looked at sensor type,
CCD or CIS, configuration line scan or
two-dimensional, shutter type and front
or back illuminated. The pixel value being
output represents a scale of intensity,
when processed this will provide a grey
scale image. While the world is colour,
many image processing applications - as
we will discover over this series - use grey
scale images. However we may also want
to capture colour images, in this case
each pixel on the sensor has a Bayer filter
applied to it, this filter allows through
photons of only one wavelength either
red, green or blue. The Bayer filter is
applied to the image sensor in a 2x2 grid
which consists of one red, one blue and
two green pixels typically. Down stream
image processing algorithms are then
able to recreate the RGB colour possible
in each pixel and recover a colour image.
Using a RGB pixel in comparison to grey
scale pixel can increase significantly the
computation requirements. This increase
arises as each colour channel now
consists of a number of bits for example
8 bits for each colour channel. This
means the image processing application
needs to process each colour channel
individually and also increases the storage
requirements and bandwidths required to
Understanding the different elements
of sensor selection is important as the
remainder of the vision system will be
based around the sensor selected. This
processing chain will implement several
different features from de-Bayering
to gamma correction and convolution
filtering as we will see in upcoming
articles.
Adam Taylor, Founder
and Principal Consultant
at Adiuvo Engineering,
is a chartered
engineer and fellow
of the Institute of Engineering and
Technology. Over his multi-decade
career, he has had experience
within the public and private sector,
developing FPGA-based solutions
for a range of applications including
RADAR, nuclear reactors, satellites,
cryptography and image processing.
Adam is also a Visiting Professor of
embedded systems at the University
of Lincoln. Education is his deepest
passion and he has delivered
thousands of hours' worth of training
to corporate clients and casual
hardware enthusiasts alike.
October 2023 29
NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES
Talking Test
By Stuart Cording, Consulting Engineer
Whatever your new normal is – back in the lab, remote or hybrid
– you’ll need good test resources with the emphasis on accuracy,
flexibility, portability and affordability. Electronics engineer and
technical writer Stuart Cording, who focuses primarily on the
semiconductor and embedded systems sectors, is here to help.
Roll-your-own T&M
with Advanced
Sensors
There is plenty of test equipment out
there, and your lab bench is probably
weighed down with a selection of
boxes powder coated in “T&M Gray.”
But what do you do when you’re
compelled to test something for which
you don’t have a dedicated piece of test
hardware? This happens more often
than you might think. For example,
while working at a manufacturer of
crystal oscillators, the team started
developing a new product – oven-
controlled oscillators, or OCXOs.
Specially selected SC-cut quartz
was used thanks to its relatively flat
frequency deviation around 50°C
– 60°C. Being oscillator specialists,
product development was relatively
simple, and we achieved a few parts-
per-billion (ppb) accuracy. While most
of the product’s datasheet parameters
could be filled in, one piece of data
was more challenging to quantify –
the impact of air movement on the
oscillator.
A simple wind tunnel was constructed
using a large plastic tube and a fan,
and a variable power supply enabled
wind speed adjustment. However, a
method of measuring wind speed was
not available.
30 October 2023
FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
Being pre-Internet, plenty of time The FS3000-1015 sensing element,
was spent thumbing through catalogs from Renesas Electronics, is a surface
to find an anemometer of suitable mount microelectromechanical system
accuracy. (MEMS) thermopile device measuring
7.6 × 9.0 × 4.0mm constructed a little
Nowadays, silicon chip sensors are
like an underpass or tunnel. The sensor
capable of precisely measuring almost
is mounted so that the air enters at
anything. And, together with an
the end where pin 1 is located. The
Arduino board or similar single-board
board simplifies connectivity and
computer, all sorts of test equipment
integration thanks to SparkFun’s Qwiic
can be constructed to your precise
interface. Designed for boards using
needs at short notice.
I2C connectivity, it provides power and
a data link. Daisy-chaining of boards
is also supported, and a polarized
Watching the wind connector avoids potential damage
For the purposes of generating data during circuit construction.
for a product datasheet, the OCXO
application required a calibrated
anemometer. However, not every use
case requires a calibrated tool. For
example, you may have an application
or a field return where you suspect
an internal fan turns off under some
specific conditions. Or, you think that
airflow fluctuations are a potential
cause of an issue. So, to check your
hypothesis, you want to leave the
application running for a few days to
monitor airflow.
A board like the SparkFun Air Velocity
Sensor Breakout would probably do the
Figure 1: This SparkFun air velocity sensor features Qwiic
job (Figure 1). connectors for speedy connection with the I2C bus for
matching microcontroller boards.
www.mouser.com

Figure 2: Example Arduino code outputting measurements from the FS3000 air velocity sensor. (Source: SparkFun)
The sensor operates from the 3.3
V supply of the Qwiic connector,
although the FS3000-1015 sensor
can operate down to 2.7V, and draws
10mA typical. Airflow of between
0 and 15m/s (0 to 33.6mph) can be
measured to an accuracy of 5% at
25°C, and an operating temperature of
-20°C to 85°C is supported.
Integration into a monitoring
application is simplified thanks to an
Arduino library in the SparkFun GitHub
Repository. The API supports access
to the raw data as well as offering
readings in meters per second and
miles per hour (Figure 2).
Monitoring movement
Some time ago, the famous Swedish-
meatball-purveying furniture store
used to show their armchairs being
subjected to repeated compression by a
linear actuator to demonstrate product
longevity.
However, sometimes the contraption
would fail. If this were a long-term test
in a lab, it would be helpful to know at
what point either the test apparatus or
device under test failed. Analog Devices
has a solution for this with their EVAL-
ADXL359 evaluation board.
Mounted onto a meaty slab of FR4
circuit board (Figure 3) is their low-
noise, low-power 3-axis MEMS
ADXL359 accelerometer. Offering
selectable ±10g, ±20g, and ±40g
measurement ranges, it’s ideal for
industrial applications with long-
term stability and minimal offset drift
over temperature. Both SPI and I2C
interfaces are available, providing
choice when connecting to a
microcontroller.
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NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS
Data can either be read as samples
become available or read in bursts using
the integrated 96-result-sized FIFO.
The sensor requires a 2.25V to 3.6V
supply. This is converted into a 1.8V
supply by its integrated LDO for the
analog blocks, such as the 20-bit
sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter
(ADC). A temperature sensor is also
available, read through a 12-bit
successive approximation ADC.
Should the device be subjected to
excessive force, over-range protection
intervenes to avoid electrostatic capture
of the proof mass. Finally, if your
monitoring application needs to be
wireless, battery life won’t be overly
impacted by the sensor with its 200µA
current draw in measurement mode
and 21µA in standby.
Figure 3: Mounted on a meaty piece of FR4, the ADXL359
MEMS accelerometer evaluation board is ready to monitor
movement.
Checking the indoor
environment
Indoor air quality remains a hot
topic, especially as winter nears and
the transmission of airborne viruses
becomes more likely. An Increase in
CO2 indicates a general lack of airflow
and a build-up of pollutants, such as
particulate matter from laser printers or
bio-contaminant aerosols.
FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS
Figure 4: At just 10.1 mm on a side, the SCD40 sensor
measures true CO2 levels using the Non-Dispersive Infrared
(NDIR) measurement technique as well as humidity and
temperature.
Today, a broad selection of sensors are
available to measure CO2 quantities,
but some generate their output as an
equivalent reading based on quantities
of other Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs).
The Adafruit SCD-40 True CO2,
Temperature, and Humidity sensor
utilizes a device from Sensirion that
measures true gas concentrations
(Figure 4). CO2 molecules strongly
absorb infrared radiation at
wavelengths around 4.2µm.
The SCD-40 sensor leverages this using
a photoacoustic Non-Dispersive Infrared
(NDIR) measurement technique. As
molecules absorb light from a pulsing
IR transmitter, a pressure wave is
generated that is detected by an
integrated microphone. This approach
enables the development of sensors
smaller than alternative detectors, such
as transmissive NDIR that use an IR
emitter and photodetector.
The board includes a 3.3V regulator
to ensure a low-noise supply to the
SCD-40, something that helps to
improve the quality of measurements.
This allows it to attain its measurement
range of 400 to 2000 ppm with
an accuracy of ±50 ppm. On top,
the board delivers relative humidity
readings of 0% to 100% and
temperature from -10°C to 60°C.
Integration with your chosen
microcontroller board is also simple
thanks to the use of the same Qwiic
connectors (that SparkFun name
STEMMA QT) highlighted earlier. When
using the Arduino IDE, users can install
the Sensirion I2C SCD4x library directly
from the Library Manager to get started
quickly (Figure 5).
October 2023 31
NEWS MOUSER NEWS
Figure 5: Demo code displaying CO2, temperature,
and humidity from the SCD-40 using an Arduino board.
(Source: AdaFruit)
Plugging it all together
With your sensors selected for your
target environmental measurements,
it’s time to select some programmable
hardware for the monitoring.
Arduino is an excellent choice as the
range of available boards is largely
interchangeable without needing to
edit application code. The Arduino
UNO has often been seen as a good
starting point.
However, with its 8-bit microprocessor
and limited memory, it lacks the
performance required for remote
wireless monitoring and more complex
application code.
All this changes with the recent release
of the Arduino UNO R4 WiFi.
Automotive PSoC™ TRAVEO™
T2G & AURIX™ MCUs
32 October 2023
FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS
Retaining the familiar form factor and
pinout, the brains are provided by a
32-bit RA4M1 series Arm Cortex-M4
microcontroller from Renesas (Figure 6).
Offering 256kB flash and 32kB SRAM,
there is more than enough memory
for sensor monitoring code that shares
data wirelessly with a backend of your
choice, enabling results to be stored for
later analysis. Wireless connectivity is
provided by an Espressif ESP32-S3 Wi-Fi
module integrated onto the board.
A Qwiic connector is also provided,
allowing compatible sensors to be easily
attached using Qwiic cable assemblies.
Operating at 3.3 V, it’s ready to use
without modification by the modules
highlighted here.
Figure 6: Featuring a 32-bit Renesas MCU, the Arduino
UNO R4 WIFI packs in a Wi-Fi module and Qwiic connector
for I2C sensor modules.
Another clever addition is the 12 × 8
matrix array of Charlieplexed LEDs.
By leveraging the available libraries,
simple operational feedback can be
provided without having to resort to an
alphanumeric LCD.
Monitoring measurements
made easy
While traditional test and measurement
equipment supports the gathering
of results good enough for inclusion
in a product datasheet, sometimes
you just want to monitor a parameter
for fault finding or check correct
long-term operation. Semiconductor
vendors offer a wealth of exceptionally
accurate sensors that other suppliers
package up in easy-to-use boards.
Such hardware is simple to operate,
and software support in the form of
libraries is also available, ensuring that
success is attained in just a few lines
of code. Together with the latest UNO
R4 WiFi board from Arduino, you also
have a compact board with more than
enough performance to build wireless
monitoring setups that can be adapted
to your ever-changing testing needs.
www.mouser.com
 NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS

Wi-Fi 7 FEM for Smart Home NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
and portables
Mouser is now stocking the QM45639 5GHz to 7GHz
Wi-Fi® 7 front end module (FEM) from Qorvo.

Wi-Fi 7 offers a wider channel and capacity gains than the 6GHz
spectrum, resulting in massive throughput gains. Wi-Fi 7 can
deliver peak rates of over 40Gbps, a 4× increase over Wi-Fi 6E.
The QM45639 FEM offers lightning-fast wireless connectivity
for PCs in both gaming and work environments, as well as
exceptional performance for customer premises equipment, smart
home devices, portable consumer electronics and wearables.

Optimized for 802.11be systems, the Qorvo QM45639
supports the next generation of data-centric IoT applications.
The QM45639 module offers outstanding performance by
optimizing the power amplifier for a broad range of supply
voltages for mobile applications, from 3 V to 5 V. The high-
performance module boasts a 29-dB Tx gain and 2.3-dB
noise figure, as well as a 14-dB Rx gain (high gain), 12-dB
Rx gain (low current), and 3-dB bypass loss. The device’s
integrated power coupler and multiple Wi-Fi transmit states
ensure flexible, highly efficient operations for all applications.
Matter is a universal software layer, a foundation for
connected things and their applications, built upon and
compatible with various protocols. By using standard IP as
the communication protocol Matter builds upon, it acts as
the universal IoT standard compatible with various protocols
deployed in homes today.
The QM45639 module is supported by the Qorvo
QM45639EVB evaluation board, also available at Mouser.

As a Wi-Fi 7 device, the QM45639 module offers

compatibility with Matter™, a new connectivity standard for
Click for More Information
Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

5-in-1 antennas: cellular, Wi- NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
Fi, GNSS, IoT/IIoT, wireless:
Engineered for advanced commercial vehicles and
wireless applications, Sunshade 5-in-1 antennas from
Molex combine LTE/5G full-band cellular, Wi-Fi® and
GNSS functionalities into a single compact solution
while providing reliable performance and extreme
design flexibility.

Available from Mouser Electronics, Sunshade 5-in-1 low-

profile antennas have built-in cellular (LTE and 5G) MIMO *2,
Wi-Fi (tri-band) *2, and GNSS features, making them ideal
solutions for diverse, advanced applications.

The cellular 5G frequency on these antennas ranges from
698MHz to 960MHz and 1,710MHz to 5GHz, while the Wi-Fi
frequency comprises 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and 6GHz.
The GNSS frequency range is 1,561MHz to 1,602MHz RF.
Power for the antennas is specified at 2 W.
Constructed of high-quality plastic material and mated with
SMA straight female cable plugs that facilitate adjustable
cable lengths and are adaptable to FAKRA and HFM
connectors, the enhanced design of the Sunshade 5-in-1
antennas is offered in two mounting styles for maximum
flexibility. The 220573-1000 antenna has a bolt-nut for use
on a vehicle top or roof cabinet, while the 219264-0001 has
adhesive on the backside for mounting on any surface type.
All Sunshade 5-in-1 antennas are ROHS compliant and have
an IP67 protection rating, making them waterproof and
protecting them against contact with objects greater than 1
mm in diameter.
Molex Sunshade 5-in-1 antennas measure just 95 mm x
95mm x 38mm in size. They offer excellent performance
on metal and non-metal surfaces and have an operating
temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. Target applications
include commercial vehicles, wireless infrastructure and
telecommunications/networking infrastructures.
Click for More Information

www.mouser.com October 2023 33

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS
Pressure sensors for high flow
O2 devices
Mouser Electronics, industry’s leading New Product
Introduction (NPI) distributor with the widest selection
of semiconductors and electronic components, is now
shipping VN Series pressure sensors - a comprehensive
set of parts for ventilator and high-flow oxygen
devices - from Superior Sensor Technology.
VN Series pressure sensors are based on Superior’s
NimbleSense™ architecture, providing inlet (wall and tank),
flow, inspiratory, expiratory, and barometric pressures while
eliminating the need for the ventilator to oversample sensor
outputs, as the sensor oversamples at 12kHz and includes
internal bandwidth filters to provide a clean > 1kHz data rate.
The VN Series pressure sensors also utilize Multi-RangeTM
technology, which combines an advanced piezoresistive
sensing element featuring integrated amplification with an
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital signal processor
(DSP) for increased dynamic range. This design eliminates the
need for fine-tuning or additional calibration.
ML vision, voice and GUI for
IoT, IIoT and smart apps
Mouser is now stocking the SLN-TLHMI-IOT EdgeReady
Smart HMI solution from NXP Semiconductors.
Integrating advanced graphics capabilities, hands-free far-
field voice control and NXP’s cutting-edge vision processing
technology for face and gesture recognition, the SLN-TLHMI-
IOT is a 32-bit embedded evaluation board that leverages the
power of the company’s i.MX RT117H crossover MCU as part of
a complete Smart Human Machine Interface (SMHMI) solution.
The crossover MCU performs all face and gesture recognition
and voice control entirely offline, helping to eliminate engineer
concerns about using the cloud because of privacy and latency
issues. This plug-and-play solution includes fully-integrated
turnkey software, hardware reference designs, demo use cases
and NXP’s one-stop-shop support to minimize time to market,
reduce risk, and maximize development efforts.
The NXP SLN-TLHMI-IOT Smart HMI solution features an
Arm® Cortex®-M7 core, operating at up to 1GHz, and a
power-efficient Cortex®-M4 core, running at up to 400MHz.
This dual-core architecture packs plenty of performance and
real-time response for edge machine learning (ML) and HMI
multitasking, and the MCU is licensed to run NXP’s face/gesture
recognition, audio front-end and ML speech engine libraries.
Whether the user wants to incorporate ML, vision for face and
gesture recognition, AFE-integrated far-field voice control, or a
2D graphical user interface (GUI), the i.MX RT117H and software
framework can enable designers to mix and match functions to
best fit their application and help simplify overall system design.
34 October 2023
NEW PRODUCTS
NEW PRODUCT
at mouser.com
VN Series pressure sensors provide 24-bit output resolution
and two extreme resolution sensors for flow, with
approximately 18-bit effective resolution at high bandwidth.
The Superior Sensor Technology EK07-VN sensor evaluation
board, also available at Mouser, is designed to evaluate the
capabilities of the VN Series pressure sensor series. This
evaluation board leverages a USB interface to plug into any
standard computer with the provided software. The EK07-VN
sensor evaluation board is cost-effective and offers excellent
data logging capabilities to compare results. This evaluation
board is equipped with a socket that can be used to change
target devices quickly.
Click for More Information
NEW PRODUCT
at mouser.com
Combining the software framework, turnkey vision/
voice algorithms, graphics display UI capabilities, memory
resources (including 2 MB on-chip SRAM) and robust set of
on-chip peripherals, this solution enables designers’ complete
flexibility to define and customize their applications for
different SMHMI use cases.
Apart from the crossover MCU capabilities and functionality,
other notable development features on the SLN-TLHMI-IOT
include an optional 720P RBG or VGA IR image sensor, a
5.5-inch 720P MIPI LCD, Voice seeker audio front-end (AFE),
microphone driver and audio capture capabilities (including
an MQS driver and audio playback), camera drivers, image
capture and pre-processing, built-in security, bootloader
and application validation, an IR, RGB and two white LEDs,
PIR sensor, and all the essential wireless drivers, including
Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) and Wi-Fi®.
Click for More Information
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 NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS

LTE IoT devkit NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
By eliminating the time-consuming and expensive
FCC and carrier end-device certification process, the
Digi XBee® 3 Global GNSS LTE CAT 1 development kit
enables designers to quickly integrate cutting-edge
LTE cellular into their devices and applications

Featuring the Digi XBee 3 Global LTE Cat 1 embedded

modem, the kit comes pre-loaded with three months of
cellular data service, preactivated and ready to go.

Available from Mouser Electronics, the Digi XBee 3 devkit

lets users prototype cellular integration using onboard
templates.

With the full suite of standard Digi XBee API frames and
AT commands, MicroPython, and Digi XCTU®, users can
seamlessly transition to this embedded modem with only
minor software adjustments.
Utilizing the Digi XBee 3 Global LTE Cat 1 smart modem,
OEMs and solution providers can also have the flexibility to
switch between multiple frequencies and wireless protocols
as needed. These pre-certified Global LTE Cat 1 modules
are built on industry-leading technology and are ideal for
moderate bandwidth (typically less than 25MB per month)
and low-cost IoT applications.
Pairing Digi Remote Manager® with the XBee 3 Global LTE
Cat 1 modem allows users to configure and control the
modem from a central platform. The built-in Digi TrustFence®
security, identity, and data privacy features use multiple
control layers to protect against new and evolving cyber
threats. Standard XBee API frames and AT commands,
MicroPython, and XCTU simplify setup, configuration, testing
and adding or changing functionality.
Click for More Information

u-blox connectivity and NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
location products
Mouser Electronics, the industry's leading New
Product Introduction (NPI) distributor with the
widest selection of semiconductors and electronic
components™, offers an extensive product portfolio
from u-blox, a leading manufacturer of positioning
and wireless communication technologies.

Mouser stocks more than 250 different products from

u-blox, as well as 393 part numbers available to order.

High-performance u-blox products include the SARA-
R510AWS LTE-M AWS IoT ExpressLink module, a turnkey
solution designed to directly access Amazon Web Services
(AWS) Internet of Things (IoT) Services securely over LTE-M.
The SARA-R510AWS module is optimized for the fast and
easy development of secure IoT devices. The module features
extremely low power consumption, making it an ideal choice
for battery-powered applications.
The ZED-F9R GNSS module from u-blox makes use of all four
GNSS constellations simultaneously, delivering high-precision
positioning with the highest possible availability. The ZED-
F9R GNSS module features sophisticated built-in algorithms,
combining IMU data, GNSS measurements, wheel ticks,
and a dedicated, dynamic model to provide highly accurate
positioning.
The u-blox M2-JODY-W3 modules are card modules that
provide the highest data rates in Wi-Fi using the most
advanced Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) technology. The M2-JODY-W3
modules also support Bluetooth® LE features such as
extended advertising, long-range, and a 2 Mbit/s data rate.
The card modules are ideal for automotive and industrial
applications, including in-car access points for internet
access, hands-free in-car equipment, medical applications,
and security and surveillance devices.
The MIA-M10 standard precision GNSS modules deliver
outstanding acquisition times and sensitivity for L1 GNSS
systems. The MIA-M10 modules support power consumption
of less than 25mW in continuous tracking mode, enabling
significant power autonomy for battery-operated devices
such as asset trackers.
Click for More Information

www.mouser.com October 2023 35

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS NEW PRODUCTS

6-axis inertial measurement NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
unit for drones and robots
Mouser is now shipping the WSEN-ISDS 6-axis inertial
measurement unit (IMU) from Würth Elektronik.

The WSEN-ISDS IMU is a 16-bit digital ultra-low power and high-

performance sensor featuring a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis
s gyroscope, with selectable measuring ranges and data rates.

This versatile motion sensor facilitates integration, with output
and processed data pre-calibrated, for application-specific
functionalities like localization and navigation for robotics,
drones, automation, industrial tools, machines, antenna,
platform stabilization and Industrial IoT devices.
The WSEN-ISDS includes free-fall, wake-up, tap, activity,
motion, tilt, and orientation detection functionalities,
featuring linear and angular acceleration measurement,
extending from single-event registration to high-frequency
continuous vibration monitoring. User-selectable acceleration
measurement ranges of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, ±16g and an angular
rate range of ±125dps, ±250dps, ±500dps, ±1000dps,
±2000 degrees per second enhance design versatility.
Selectable data rates up to 937Hz for the gyroscope and up to
1400 Hz for the accelerometer, with a built-in FIFO buffer to store
the output data rate up to 6.6kHz, further enhancing flexibility
in the design process. The WSEN-ISDS sensor features ultra-
small dimensions (2.5mm × 3.0mm × 0.86mm), an embedded
temperature sensor and is available in an LGA package.
Würth’s WSEN-EVAL evaluation board provides the
opportunity to verify the sensor performance and develop
fast prototyping using an extension board. This evaluation
board is designed to be used with either the Sensor Shield
for Arduino (2501000101291) or the Sensor FeatherWing
(2501000201291). The WSEN-EVAL evaluation board can
also be mounted on a breadboard using through-hole pin
header connections.

Click for More Information

Ready-to-go wireless IoT box kit NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
The STEVAL-MKBOXPRO programmable wireless box
kit from STMicroelectronics provides engineers with a
ready-to-go, all-in-one IoT sensor node development
kit that fits in the palm of your hand.

Available from Mouser, the kit is designed for developing any

IoT application based on remote data gathering and evaluation.
The STEVAL-MKBOXPRO implements motion and environmental
data sensing through a suite of customizable precision sensors,
along with a digital microphone, to enhance connectivity and
the smartness of the users’ environment.

Along with motion and accelerometer, temperature, pressure, ‘Expert’ mode can build custom applications in a simple
and magnetometer, the STEVAL-MKBOXPRO includes a 6-axis graphical interface through the STBLESensor App. Access to
inertial measurement unit (IMU) with Qvar and advanced AI specific input data through corresponding available in-box
features. The STEVAL-MKBOXPRO features an ultra-low-power sensors and powerful algorithms accelerates application
Arm®-Cortex®-M33 FPU microcontroller with TrustZone® development regardless of expertise.
and features both an on-board Bluetooth® Low Energy 5.2
antenna and NFC tag. The free STBLESensor App is available ‘Pro’ mode permits the rapid development of users’
for smartphones and tablets, both on Google Play and the tailored IoT applications utilizing STM32 open development
AppleStore, to command the board utilizing three different environment (ODE) and ST function pack libraries, including
modalities: sensing AI function packs with neural network libraries,
without performing any coding activity.
‘Entry’ mode allows users to run a wide range of already
embedded IoT applications for motion, featuring compass, free-
fall detection, level, pedometer, or sensor–fusion–quaternion;
Parameters for environmental, log, AI (artificial intelligence),
MLC (machine learning core) human activity recognition, user
Interface and connectivity sensors are also accessible. Ideal for
Click for More Information
wearables.

36 October 2023 www.mouser.com

 NEW PRODUCTS FOCUS FEATURES MOUSER NEWS NEWS

Ultra-low power MPUs for NEW PRODUCT

at mouser.com
high-performance connectivity
and user interface apps
Combining high performance and low power with low
system cost and high-value integration, the SAM9X7
series of MPUs from Microchip Technology touts an
impressive array of connectivity options, enriched
user interface capabilities and state-of-the-art security
features all wrapped around a powerful 800MHz Arm
Thumb® processor.

The SAM9X70 MPUs, available from Mouser Electronics, feature
an ARM926EJ-S Core, with the CPU running up to 800MHz and
system processing up to 266MHz. The on-chip memories are
offered in the form of a 176-kbyte internal ROM, a 64-kbyte
internal SRAM, a DDR3(L)/DDR2 controller and an External
Bus Interface (EBI). The MPUs also support various non-volatile
memory (NVM) interfaces, including NAND Flash, Quad SPI and
eMMC Flash. The SAM9X7 MPUs achieve ultra-low power from
the real-time clock, 32-bit GP registers, clock generators, power
management controllers, and software-programmable ultra-low
power modes and optimization capabilities.
Apart from its processing and robust ultra-low-power
features, what sets the SAM9X7 Series on another level
of performance is its extensive set of peripheral interfaces
available on-chip. The MPUs have a 10/100/1000 Mbps
Ethernet interface with time-sensitive networking (TSN)
connectivity support that provides deterministic messaging
on standard Ethernet. The devices also offer MIPI-DSI, LVDS,
RGB and 2D graphics, MIPI-CSI-2, Gigabit Ethernet with TSN
and CAN-FD for connectivity and user interface applications.
Other connectivity options include an LCD controller, an image
sensor controller, thirteen FLEXCOMs, an ADC, PWM, one
high-speed USB device/ three high-speed USB hosts and more.
Along with the SAM9X7 Series connectivity peripherals
are state-of-the-art security functions such as Secure
Boot capability with on-chip secure key storage (OTP) to
effectively keep secret keys hidden from unauthorized users
and high-performance crypto accelerators (SHA, AES and
TDES) to protect classified information and encrypt sensitive
data. Other security features include tamper protection and
a physical unclonable function or PUF that generates on-
demand keys that can be instantaneously erased once used.
The Microchip Technology SAM9X70 MPUs are ideally suited
to IoT applications, automotive, connectivity devices and user
interfaces. The SAM9X7 Series is supported by Microchip
MPLAB®-X development tools, Harmony, Linux® distributions
and the Ensemble Graphics Toolkit.
Click for More Information

3D, AR, VR and more NEW PRODUCT

The BMM350 high-performance magnetometer from at mouser.com
Bosch is an ultra-small, high-performance, low-current,
16-bit 3-axis magnetometer, ideally suited for a
wide range of consumer applications such as virtual,
augmented, and mixed reality applications, head
orientation, indoor navigation, magnetic compass,
high-end gaming and robotics.

Available from Mouser Electronics, the Bosch magnetometer
is based on Bosch’s proprietary tunnel magnetoresistance
(TMR) technology with field shock recovery features that
provide protection against external magnetic fields while
ensuring high accuracy. For augmented reality or virtual reality
(AR/VR), ultra-precise digital pathfinding improves tracking
of head movements and 3D audio, reducing pixel latency and
motion sickness for VR users. New data-ready interrupt signals
and data-ready status register read-out provide the BMM350
instant data updates and status polling of positioning and
speed detection for indoor navigation and AR/VR applications.
Combined with a low noise ratio of ± 190n Trms for x, y-axis,
and ± 450n Trms in z-axis, the BMM350 is ideally suited for a
multitude of target orientation applications.
The BMM350 sensor module is housed in a compact 9-pin
wafer-level chip scale package (WLCSP) with a footprint
of only 1.28mm × 1.28mm and a sensor height of 0.5mm.
The small dimensions and low power consumption of the
sensor make it ideal for use in portable and battery-driven
applications.

The BMM350 allows measurements of the magnetic field

in three perpendicular axes, with a magnetic field range of
typical ± 2000µT (x, y, z-axis) and a low current consumption Click for More Information
of ± 200µA @ 100Hz in low power preset.

www.mouser.com October 2023 37

NEWS MOUSER NEWS FEATURES FOCUS
Boost battery life for IoT
Complementing the company's expanding battery
management solutions portfolio, new NBM5100A/B and
NBM7100A/B battery boosters from Nexperia extend
the life of non-rechargeable lithium primary batteries
by up to 10x over competing solutions while also
increasing peak output current by up to 25x compared
to batteries without a battery booster.
When coupled with the NBM5100A/B and NBM7100A/B,
lithium primary batteries will not only have a longer life, they
will also achieve higher performance, avoid unwarranted waste
and be a better, more sustainable power source for low-power
IoT and other portable applications that, before, could only
operate using AA- or AAA- batteries.
The Nexperia NBM5100A/B and NBM7100A/B battery
boosters, available from Mouser Electronics, are equipped
with two high-efficiency DC/DC conversion stages and
an intelligent learning algorithm to help better control the
relatively high internal resistance and chemical reaction rates
typically found with 3 V CR2032 and CR2025 lithium coin cell
batteries. The first conversion stage involves the slow energy
transfer from the battery to a capacitive storage element. The
second stage uses the conserved energy to provide a regulated
(programmable from 1.8V to 3.6V) high-pulse output current
(up to 200mA). The intelligent learning algorithm monitors
the energy consumed during repetitive load pulse cycles and
optimizes the first DC/DC conversion stage to minimize the
capacitor's residual charge. When not undergoing a cycle
of energy conversion (standby state), the NBM5100A/B and
NBM7100A/B consume less than 50nA.
Each device features a peripheral interface for host
communications, configuration and control.
Entry level MCUs are high
speed
Featuring a 100MHz Arm® Cortex® -M33 core, RA4E2
MCUs from Renesas Electronics provide an entry-
level solution for low-memory, low-pin count,
small package designs, while delivering high-speed
performance for applications including smart home
devices, consumer electronics, medical devices, and
industrial sensor networks.
The Renesas RA4E2 microcontrollers, now available at
Mouser, feature a robust range of peripherals, including a 12-
bit ADC, a general PWM timer, USB FS device, SCI, SPI, I3C,
SSI, CANFD, and HDMI-CEC. The MCUs are compatible with
the Open Arm ecosystem, while the devices’ easy-to-use
flexible software package supports easy development and
migration for a range of designs and applications. The RA4E2
MCUs include 128 kbytes code Flash memory, 40 KBytes
SRAM, and 4 kBytes data flash.
38 October 2023
NEW PRODUCTS
NEW PRODUCT
at mouser.com
The NMB7100A and NBM5100A include an I2C interface,
while the NMB7100B and NBM5100B offer a Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI).
In addition, the NBM5100A/B incorporates a capacitor voltage
balancing port for supercapacitor-based applications. Other
features of the NBM5100A/B and NBM7100A/B include a low
battery indicator/integrated fuel gauge, an auxiliary regulated
output pin and brownout protection to prevent the storage
capacitor from charging when the battery is nearing its end of life.
Extending the lifetime of energy-dense lithium primary
batteries, such as coin cells, lithium thionyl (i.e., LS14250 1/2
AA) and emerging paper-printed battery types, the Nexperia's
NBM5100A/B and NBM7100A/B battery boosters are available
in a compact, 16-pin DHVQFN package measuring 2.5mm x
3.5mm x 0.85mm. These ICs are specified over a temperature
range of -40°C to +85°C, making them ideally suited for
commercial indoor and industrial outdoor environments.
Target applications include battery-powered wireless IoT nodes
(Bluetooth®, LoRaWAN®, Sigfox™, LTE-M, NB-IoT, Zigbee®,
etc.), wireless sensors, industrial devices, portable consumer
devices, wearables and utility meters.
Click for More Information
NEW PRODUCT
at mouser.com
RA4E2 evaluation kits enable users to assess the features
of the RA4E2 MCU group and develop embedded systems
applications using the flexible software package and e2
studio integrated development environment (IDE). The rich
on-board features along with a range of popular ecosystem
add-ons can serve as excellent starting points for designers
to develop their custom applications. The RA4E2 evaluation
kits support high-speed performance testing and evaluation
of safety features.
Click for More Information
www.mouser.com
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