Wollo University

Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

Name_________________________________IDNO____________________Section________

Choose the Best Answer for the Following Objective Questions on Open Channel hydraulics course

1. Which one of the following is not an Examples of Open channel Flows

A. storm sewer (partially field sewers),
B. flow in rivers,
C. flow in irrigation canals,
D. Gutters along residential streets and no roof open channel.
E. none
2. Which one of the following is not true about open channel flow?
A. Water only flow downhill
B. Analysis is complicated due to non-uniform cross section, bed slope and roughness
C. Maximum velocity occurs little distance below water surface
D. Flow velocity are lower
E. None
3. Which one of the following is not true about open channel flow?
A. Enclosed and always flows full
B. Water flow both uphill and down hill
C. Maximum velocity occurs at the center
D. Analysis is not complicated due to uniform cross section
E. None
4. It is much more difficult to solve problems of flow in open channels than in pressure pipes because of:
A. In open channels the position of the free surface is likely to change with respect to time and space
B. Depth of flow (y), discharge (Q), bottom slope (SO) and slope of the free surface (Sf) are interdependent.
C. Physical condition of open channels varies more widely than that of pipes.
D. Cross section of open channel is widely variable and even might not be ridged
E. Selection of fiction coefficient is difficult and it varied with the position of the free surface
F. all
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

5. Which one of the following is true about steady flow in open channel flow
A the flow is uniform
B the depth of the flow does not change with time
C the channel is frictionless
D the Channel bed is not curved
6. Which one of the following is true about steady spatially flow
A the depth does not change along the channel length
B the Discharge is constant along its length
C the discharge varies along the depth of the channel
D the discharge varies with respect to time
7. A rectangular channel 4 m wide is discharging water at rate of 12 m3/sec. Find specific energy of
water if the depth of flow is 2 m.
A. 2.114 𝑚 B. 1,56m C. 4.9m D 3,5 m
8. Find at the discharge in a trapezoidal channel with a bed width of 10m, side slope of 1:1 and depth
of flow of 2.0m under uniform flow condition. The bottom slope of 0.0001 and n=0.02.
A. 13.31m3/sec B.20 m3/sec C 1.53 m3/sec D. 15.12 m3/sec
9. The conjugate depths at a location in a horizontal rectangular channel, 4m wide, are 0.2m and 1m.
The discharge in the channel is?
A. 3.25 m/sec B. 0.812 m/sec C 0.656 m/sec D 4.56 m/sec
10.For a given triangular channel, section of side slope 2H: 1V, minimum specific energy is 1.5m.
Find the corresponding critical velocity.
A 2.43 m3/sec B 1.2 m3/sec C 1.25 m3/sec D 1.5 m3/sec
11.For steady flow in open channels, which one of the following does not change:
A. depth of flow B. velocity of flow

C. rate of flow D. All of these.

 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

12.Assume you are assigned as the supervisor of embankment dam at Legemera embankment dam,
after the construction of the dam you have seen flood wave while passing down the river section
protected by embankment dam, spillover the embankment dam at the certain location ,in which
type of flow do you classified it?

A Steady gradually varied flow C Steady spatially varied flow

B unsteady gradually varied flow D unsteady spatiality varied flow

13.Which one of the following is true about uniform flow of small bed slop
A HGL coincide with the bed

B HGL is considerably below the free surface

C HGL is considerably above the free surface

D HGL essentially coincide with the free surface

14.Which one of the following is true about uniform flow of Large bed slop
A HGL coincide with the bed

B HGL essentially coincide with the free surface

C HGL is considerably above the free surface

D HGL is considerably below the free surface

15.The flow in open channel is said to be subcritical if the Froude number is

A. less than 1.0 B. equal to 1.0

C. greater than 1.0 D. none.

 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

16.The flow in open channel is said to be critical if the Froude number is :

A. less than 1.0 B. equal to 1.0

C. greater than 1.0 D. None of these.

17.Rectangular channel 6 m wide and 3 m deep and having a bed slope as 1 in 2000 is running full. If
Chezy's constant C = 54.8, pick up the correct specification of the channel from the following :

A. hydraulic mean depth = 1.5 m B. Velocity of flow = 1.5 m/sec

C. Rate of flow = 27 m3/sec D. All the above.

18.For a most economical rectangular channel, the width of the channel must be

A. equal to depth of flow B. twice the depth of flow

C. half the depth of flow D. None of these.
19.For a most economical rectangular channel, the hydraulic mean depth, is equal to

A. the depth of flow B. half the depth of flow

C. One-third depth of flow D. None of these.
20.For a most economical trapezoidal open channel, the half of the top width must be equal to

A. the bed width B. one sloping side

C. the depth of flow D. None of these.
21.Which one of the following is true about one dimensional flow method of analysis in open channel
flow
A the flow is uniform
B the flow is steady and uniform
C neglecting the variation of flow in transvers direction
D neglecting the variation of flow in longitudinal direction
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

22.For open channel flow to take place between two sections which one of the following is true?
A The channel bed must always slope in the direction of flow
B the upstream depth must be greater than the Dawn stream depth
C the upstream momentum must be greater than the downstream momentum
D the total energy at upstream end must be greater than the total energy downstream end
23.Water is flowing in a horizontal, frictionless, rectangular channel. A smooth hump is built on the
channel floor at a section and its height is gradually increased to reach choked condition in the
channel. The depth of water at this section is Y2 and that at its upstream section is Y1 The correct
statement(s) for the choked and un choked conditions in the channel is/are
A. In choked condition, y 1 decreases if the flow is supercritical and increases if the flow is subcritical.
B. In choked condition, y 2 is equal to the critical depth if the flow is supercritical or subcritical.
C. In un choked condition, y 1 remains unaffected when the flow is supercritical or subcritical.
D. In choked condition, y 1 increases if the flow is supercritical and decreases if the flow is subcritical.
24.A rectangular channel with Gradually Varied Flow (GVF) has a changing bed slope. If the change
is from a steeper slope to a steep slope, the resulting GVF profile is
A. S 3
B. S 1
C. S 2
D. Either S 1 or, S 2 depending on the magnitude of the slopes
25.If water is flowing at the same depth in most hydraulically efficient triangular and rectangular channel
sections then the ratio of hydraulic radius of triangular section to that of rectangular section is

A. B √
√

C 1 D 2
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

26.In a rectangular channel, the ratio of the velocity head to the flow depth for critical flow
condition, is

A B

C D 2

27.For a given discharge in an open channel, there are two depths which have the same specific
energy. These two depths are known as
A Alternate depths B Critical depths
C Normal depths D sequent depths
28.A 1 m wide rectangular channel has a bed slope of 0.0016 and the Manning's roughness coefficient
is 0.04. Uniform flow takes place in the channel at a flow depth of 0.5 m. At a particular section,
gradually varied flow (GVF) is observed and the flow depth is measured as 0.6 m. The GVF
profile at that section is classified as
AS1 B S2
C M1 D M2
29.For subcritical flow in an open channel, the control section for gradually varied flow profiles is
A at the downstream end B at the upstream end
C at both upstream and downstream ends D at any intermediate section
30.The flow in a horizontal, frictionless rectangular open channel is supercritical. A smooth hump is
built on the channel floor. As the height of hump is increased, choked condition is attained. With
further increase in the height of the hump, the water surface will
A Rise at a section upstream of the hump B Drop at a section upstream of the hump
C Drop at the hump D Rise at the hump
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

31.For a given discharge, the critical flow depth in an open channel depends on channel geometry
only

A channel geometry and bed slope

B channel geometry, bed slope and roughness

C channel geometry, bed slope, roughness and Reynolds number

D channel geometry, bed slope, roughness and Reynolds number

32.The flow in a rectangular channel is subcritical. If width of the channel is reduced at a certain
section, the water surface under no-choke condition will

A Drop at a downstream section B Rise at a downstream section

C Rise at an upstream section D Not undergo any change

33.A mild-sloped channel is followed by a steep-sloped channel. The profiles of gradually varied flow
in the channel are
A M 3, S 2 B M3,S3
C M 2, S 1 D M 2, S 2
34.Direct step method of computation for gradually varied flow is
A Applicable to non-prismatic channels
B Applicable to prismatic channels
C Applicable to both prismatic and non-prismatic channels
D Not applicable to both prismatic and non-prismatic channels
35.A person standing on the bank of a canal drops a stone on the water surface. He notices that the disturbance
on the water surface is not travelling upstream. This is because the flow in the canal is
A Sub-critical B Super-critical
C Steady D Uniform
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

36.There is a free over fall at the end of a long open channel. For a given flow rate, the critical depth is less
than the normal depth. What gradually varied flow profile will occur in the channel for this flow rate ?
A M1 B M2
C M3 D S1
37.A channel with a mild slope is followed by a horizontal channel and then by a steep channel. What
gradually varied flow profiles will occur?
A M1 , H1 , S 1 B M 2, H 2, S 2
C M 1, H 2, S 3 D M ,1 H 2, S 2
38.For a pipe of radius, r, flowing half full under the action of gravity, the hydraulic depth is

A r B 0.379r
C D

39.In the analysis of an Open Channel Flow, usually if the Froude Number is less than one, the flow is termed
as

A. Supercritical Flow C. Subcritical Flow

B. Constant Discharge Flow D. Critical Flow
40.The most economical section of a rectangular channel is one which has hydraulic mean depth or hydraulic
radius equal to:
A. Half the breadth of flow C. Half the depth of flow
B. Twice the breadth of flow D. Twice the depth of flow
41.The uniform flow in open channels is state that
A. The flow characteristics such as depth of flow, velocity of flow, rate of flow, at any point changes with respect
to time.
B. For a given length of a channel, if the depth, slope, cross section and the velocity of the flow are constant.
C. The flow characteristics such as depth of flow, velocity of flow, rate of flow, at any point do not change with
respect to time.
D. For a given length of a channel, if the depth, slope, cross section and the velocity of the flow are Not constant.
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

42.Hydraulic jump in flow in open channels is state that

A. When flow is unstable and it transforms into a supercritical flow. Then depth of flow decreases.
B. When flow is unstable and it transforms into a subcritical flow. Then depth of flow increases
C. When water flow jumps to lower level from higher level
D. None of these
43.The discharge over a rectangular notch is
A. inversely proportional to H3/2
B. directly proportional to H3/2
C. inversely proportional to H5/2
D. directly proportional to H5/2
44.Under which of the following conditions steady non-uniform flow in open channels occurs?
A. When for a constant discharge the liquid depth in the channel varies along its length
B. When a constant discharge flows at the constant depth
C. When a constant discharge flows in a channel laid at a fixed slope
D. When the discharge and the depth both vary along the channel length
45.When the depth of flow changes gradually over a length of the channel, then the flow will be termed as
A. Rapidly varied flow
B. Critical flow
C. Gradually varied flow
D. Uniform flow
46.Non-uniform flow may caused by
A. The change in width, depth, bed slope etc. of the channel
B. An obstruction, across a channel of uniform width
C. None of the above.
D. Both (a) and (b)
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

47.The phenomenon occurring in an open channel when a rapidly flowing stream abruptly changes to slowly
flowing stream causing a distinct rise of liquid surface, is
A. Uniform flow
B. Critical discharge
C. Hydraulic jump
D. None of the above
48.The difference between total head line and Pizometric head line represents
A velocity Head C elevation at the channel section
B pressure head D depth of flow
49.Which one of the following Assumption is true about the momentum principles in open channel flow
A The flow Assumed to be Steady
B The flow Assumed to be Unsteady
C The flow Assumed to be Uniform
D The flow Assumed to be Frictionless
50.Which one of the following statement fully describe Alternate depth in open channel flow
A The depth that has the same kinetic energy for the given discharge
B The depth that has the same specific energy for the given discharge
C The depth that has the same Specific force for the given discharge
D The depth that has the same total energy for the given discharge
51.the critical flow condition in the channels is given by
A C

52.Which one of the following is true about the critical depth in open channel flow
A The discharge is minimum for the given specific energy
B The discharge is maximum for the given specific force
C The discharge is maximum for the given specific energy
D The discharge is minimum for the given specific force
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

53.In triangular channel the value of Ec/yc is equal to:

A 1.25 B 2.5 C 3.5 D 1.5
54.In Rectangular channel the value of Ec/yc is equal to:
A 1.25 B 2.5 C 3.5 D 1.5
55.Assume that the flow in rectangular channel is sub critical. If the width is expanded at the certain
section the water surface
A At the D/S section will drop
B At the D/S section will rise
C At the U/S section will drop
D At the U/S section will Rise
56.Which one of the following is true about Pizometric head in open channel flow
A Pizometric head is the sum of pressure head, datum head and velocity head
B Pizometric head is the sum of datum head and velocity head
C Pizometric head is the sum of pressure head and velocity head
D Pizometric head is the sum of pressure head and datum head
57.A rectangular open channel has a width of 5 m and a bed slope of 0.001. For a uniform flow of
depth 2 m, the velocity is 2 m/s. The Manning's roughness coefficient for the channel is
A 0.002 B 0.017 C 0.033 D 0.05
58.Which one of the following is true about The characteristics of critical flow :
A. The specific energy and specific force are minimum for the given discharge.
B. The Froude number is equal to unity.
C. For a given specific energy the discharge is maximum at the critical flow.
D. The velocity head is equal to half the hydraulic depth in a channel of small slope.
E. The velocity of flow in a channel of small slope with uniform velocity distribution, is equal to the celerity
of small gravity waves (v =√ ) is shallow water caused by local disturbance.
F. Flow at the critical state is unstable.
G. all
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

59.Which one of the following is not the practical application of hydraulic jump
A. To dissipate energy in water flowing over a dam, weir and other hydraulic structure and thus prevent
Scouring d/s from the structure.
B. To recover head or raise the water level on the d/s side of a measuring flume and thus maintains high
water level in the channel for water distribution purposes.
C. To increase weight on the apron and reduce uplift pressure by raising the water depth on the apron.
D. To increase the discharge of a sluice gate by holding sack tail water, thus preventing drawn jump.
E. To mix chemical used for water purification.
F. To aerate water for city water supplies
G. none
60.The channel whose boundary is not deformable is known as
A. Rigid channel
B. Prismatic channel
C. Mobile channel
D. Boundary channel
61.In open channels, the specific energy is the

A. total energy per unit discharge

B. total energy measured with respect to the datum passing through the bottom of the channel
C. total energy measured above the horizontal datum
D. kinetic energy plotted above the free surface of water
62.If the depth of water in an open channel is greater than the critical depth, the flow is called

A. critical flow
B. Subcritical flow
C. Supper critical flow
D. turbulent flow
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

63.The flow in a pipe or channel is said to be non-uniform when

A. the liquid particles at all sections have the same velocities

B. the liquid particles at different sections have different velocities

C. the quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant

D. each liquid particle has a definite path

64.The flow characteristics of a channel do not change with time at any point. What type of flow is it?
A. Steady flow
B. Uniform flow
C. Non uniform flow
D. Gradually varied flow

65.Calculate the mean hydraulic depth of a channel having top width of 7m and cross sectional
area of 35m2.

A 4m B 5m C 6m D 7m

66. The discharge in an open channel corresponding to critical depth is

(A) Zero (B) Minimum (C) Maximum (D) no change

67.The depth of water in a channel corresponding to the minimum specific energy is known as
A critical depth.

B super critical depth

C alternating Depth

D sequent depth
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

68.Which one of the following statement is false about the hydraulic jump occurrence at certain location in a
channel:
A. The vicinity of a break in grade where the channel slope decreases from steep to mild.
B. A short distance upstream from channel constrictions such as those caused by bridge piers.
C. A relatively abrupt converging transition.
D. A channel junction where rapid flow occurs in a tributary channel and tranquil flow in the main channel.
E. Long channels where high velocities can no longer be sustained on a mild slope.
F. None
69.Open channel flow takes place _______
A. On a free surface
B. In the pipe
C. Within a cylindrical depth
D. In a pump
70.During a subcritical flow, the value of Froude’s number is--------------?
A. Zero
B. Greater than one
C. Less than one
D. Not defined
71.The flow characteristics of a channel do not change with time at any point. What type of flow is it?
A. Steady flow
B. Uniform flow
C. Laminar flow
D. Turbulent flow
72.The Froude’s number for a flow in a channel section is 1. What type of flow is it?
A. Sub Critical
B. Critical
C. Super critical
 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

D. Tranquil
73.The perimeter of channel cross section which is in contact with flowing water is called
A. perimeter
B. dry perimeter
C. wetted perimeter
D. water perimeter
74.In open channel hydraulics the ratio of cross sectional area to the wetted perimeter is called
A. hydraulic mean depth
B. hydraulic depth
C. mean depth
D. none of this
75.Which one of the following is not Factors Affecting Manning’s Roughness Coefficient
A. Surface Roughness C. Channel Irregularity
B. Channel Alignment D. Silting and Scouring
E. None F. all

WISH U THE BRIGHTEST FUTURE!!!

 Wollo University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Open channel hydraulics for Exit exam model questions (HWRE – 3152)

Answer sheet
1 E 21 C 41 B 61 B
2 E 22 A 42 B 62 B
3 E 23 A 43 B 63 B
4 F 24 D 44 A 64 A
5 B 25 A 45 C 65 B
6 C 26 A 46 D 66 C
7 A 27 A 47 C 67 A
8 A 28 D 48 A 68 F
9 A 29 B 49 A 69 A
10 A 30 A 50 B 70 C
11 D 31 A 51 B 71 A
12 D 32 A 52 C 72 B
13 D 33 D 53 A 73 C
14 D 34 B 54 D 74 A
15 A 35 D 55 A 75 E
16 B 36 B 56 D
17 D 37 B 57 B
18 B 38 D 58 G
19 B 39 C 59 G
20 C 40 C 60 A