MINING METHODS 10.

The most economical of all underground

methods because production is high and
Choose the best answer: manpower requirement is low.
a. block caving b. sublevel caving
1. The wall rock strength of cut and fill stoping must c. square set d. sublevel stoping
be
a. weak to fairly weak b. fairly strong to strong 11. Which does not belong to the group?
c. moderate to fairly strong d. strong a. supported b. unsupported
c. caving d. rock bolting
2. An overhand method in which the ore is mined
in horizontal slices, and remains in stopes as 12. The rich portion of an ore body or vein.
temporary support to the walls and to provide a a. shoot b. apex c. bonanza
working platform for miner. d. paystreak
a. stull stoping b. square-set c. cut
and fill d. shrinkage stoping 13. A ferroginous outcrop
a. tillites b. gossan c. overburden
3. In sublevel stoping the orebody must be d. cap rock
a. fairly strong to strong b.
moderate to strong
c. cut and fill d.
weak to fairly weak 14. Is a method of mining for surface highwall or
outcrop recovery of coal by boring or
4. It is an unsupported stope but uses a lot of excavation openings.
timber. a. drift mining b. auger mining c. strip
a. top slicing b. square-set c. stull mining d. single bench mining
stoping d. longwall mining
15. The chemical or physical alteration of rock at its
5. It is usually a caving process but it is not surface by the action of atmospheric gas and
classified as a caving method. aqueous solutions.
a. sublevel caving b. top slicing c. a. gossan b. erosion c. weathering
longwall mining d. block caving d. disintegration

6. The costliest method in underground mining. 16. A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven
a. square set stoping b. cut from the surface for the working or unwatering
and fill stoping of mine.
c. room and pillar a. tunnel b. adit c. level
d. shrinkage stoping d. drift

7. It is the ratio of the ore recovered to the waste 17. Which of the following does not belong to the
removed. group?
a. percent recovery b. grade c. a. ecology b. exploration c.
stripping ratio d. concentration ratio development d. rehabilitation

8. The most predominant method of mining world 18. The rock in which the ore body is enclosed.
wide. a. quartz b. vein c. country
a. placer mining b. open pit mining c. rock d. outcrop
underground mining d. hydraulicking
19. It is called the floor in bedded deposits.
9. Indirect search for hidden ore bodies, a method
a. sump b. bed c. stope
that detects anomalies through the analysis of
d. footwall
gravitational, seismic, magnetic, electrical
properties of the earth.
20. Refers to the timbering or concrete around the
a. geochemistry b. remote sensing mouth or top of a shaft.
c. photogrammetry d.
a. support b. collar c. rockbolt
geophysics.
d. square set
 c. moderate to fairly strong d.
strong
FOURSOMES (Select one that does not belong to
the group) 7. It is an overhand method in which the ore is
mined in horizontal slices, and remains in stopes
1. ore, grade, concentrate, tailings as temporary support to the walls and to
2. adit, tunnel, drift, shaft provide a working platform for miner.
3. sump, ditch, canal, manway
4. timber set, split set, rock bolt, cable bolt a. stull stoping b. square-set c. cut and
5. bit, casing, rockbolt, reamer fill d. shrinkage stoping
6. slope, grade, inclination, dip
7. square set, top slicing, room-and-pillar, cut-and- 8. In sublevel stoping the ore body must be.
fill
a. fairly strong to strong b.
8. LHD, slusher, conveyor, jumbo drill
moderate to strong
9. brunton compass, GPS, altimeter, anemometer
10. pyramid cut, fun cut, wedge cut, box cut
c. cut and fill d.
weak to fairly weak

Choose the best answer: 9. It is an unsupported stope but uses a lot of

timber.

a. top slicing b. square-set c. stull

1. It is the distance between the rows of blastholes stoping d. longwall mining
parallel to the major free face.
10. It is usually a caving process but it is not
a. burden b. spacing c. sub-drill classified as a caving method.
d. collar distance a. top slicing b. room and pillar c.
shrinkage stoping d. longwall mining
2. It is the distance between the adjacent
blastholes in a row, measured along the row. 11. The costliest method in underground mining.

a. burden b. spacing c. stemming a. square set stoping b. cut

d. throw and fill stoping
c. room and pillar d.
shrinkage stoping
3. The TLV of CO2 is:

a. 0.25% b. 0.025% c. 0.05%

12. It is the ratio of the ore recovered to the waste
removed.
d. 0.50%

4. It is commonly known as stinkdamp. a. percent recovery b. grade c.

stripping ratio d. concentration
ratio
a. carbon-dioxide b. carbon monoxide
c. methane d. hydrogen sulfide
13. It is the most predominant method of mining
world wide.
5. The disease that is caused by inhalation of tin
oxide dust.
a. placer mining b. surface
mining
a. silicosis b. pneumoconiosis c.
c. underground mining d.
stannosis d. anthracosis
hydraulicking

6. The wall rock strength of cut-and-fill stoping 14. Indirect search for hidden ore bodies, a method
must be.
that detects anomalies through the analysis of
gravitational, seismic, magnetic, electrical
a. weak to fairly weak
properties of earth.
b. fairly strong to strong
 a. geochemistry b. remote sensing 2. boulder d. intrusive
c. photogrametry d. geophysics
23. The total in -situ medium containing structural
15. It is the most economical of all underground features.
methods because production is high and
manpower requirement is low. a. rock material b. ore body
c. rock mass d. deposit
a. block caving b. sublevel
caving c. square set d. sublevel stoping 24. A classification of a rock mass that quantify
discontinuities defined as the ratio of the lengths
16. Which does not belong to the group? of the individual pieces of core in a drill run,
having lengths of 10 cm or greater, and the
a. supported b. unsupported total length of drill run.
c. caving d. rock bolting
a. rock mass rating b. percent
17. The rich portion of an ore body or vein recovery
c. fracture spacing d. RQD
a. shoot b. apex c.
bonanza d. paystreak 25. Method of representing and analyzing the three
dimensional relations between planes and lines
18. An oxide ferroginous outcrop. on a two dimensional diagram.

a. tillites b. gossan c. overburden a. hemispherical projections b.

d. cap rock orthographic projection
c. plane projection d.
19. It is the study of the properties and behavior of isometric projection
rock, the nature of the stresses underground.
26. The maximum stress that the rock material can
a. geotechnics sustain under a given set of condition.
b. soil mechanics
c. rock mechanics d. a. bearing capacity b. hardness c.
engineering geology peak strength d. malleability

27. The stress which governs the gross mechanical

20. It is a method of mining for surface highwall or response of a porous material.
outcrop recovery of coal by boring or
excavation openings. a. normal stress b. thermal stress
c. shear stress d. effective stress
a. drift mining b. auger mining
c. strip mining d. single 28. The effect of an opening to another opening
bench mining that is below and driven parallel to it.

21. It is the chemical or physical alteration of rock a. shielding effect b. stress shadow
at its surface by its reaction with atmospheric c. dome effect d. pressure arch
gas and aqueous solutions.
29. The stress that is deflected to the virgin blocks
a. gossan b. erosion c. weathering adjacent to the blocks that are already robbed
d. disintegration or extracted.

a. in-situ stress b. abutment stress

c. virgin stress d. principal stress
22. The term used to described the intact rock
between discontinuities; it might be represented 30. The stress existing in a rock mass before an
by a hand specimen or piece of drill core opening is excavated.
examined in the laboratory.
a. in-situ stress b. tangential stress
a. rock material b. rock mass c. shear stress d. induced stress
 40. Which of the following comes last.

31. A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven a. exploration b.

from the surface for the working or unwatering rehabilitation
of mine. c. mining d.
exploitation
a. tunnel b. adit c. level
d. drift 41. What is the chemical name for laughing gas?

32. Which of the following does not belong to the a. carbon monoxide b.
group? carbon dioxide
c. oxides of nitrogen d.
a. ecology b. exploration c. hydrogen sulfide
development d. rehabilitation
42. The first hole or group of holes fired in a drift or
33. The rock in which the ore body is enclosed. tunnel face are known as.

a. quartz b. vein c. country a. cut hole b.

rock d. outcrop burn holes
c. lifter holes d.
34. It is called the floor in bedded deposits center holes

a. sump b. bed c. stope 43. The most effective techniques of exploration

d. footwall which determine the thickness of the ore
deposit.
35. Refers to the timbering or concrete around the
mouth or top of a shaft. a. geobotany
b. geophysical
a. support b. collar c. rockbolt c. geochemical
d. square set d. core drilling

36. Large ore bodies of irregular shape, the long 44. Which comes first in mineral production?
axis of which may extend in any direction
a. loading b. drilling c. blasting
a. country rock b. outcrop c. vein d. hauling
d. masses
45. It is a vertical or nearly vertical opening which
37. A vertical or inclined opening driven upward driven from a level down to another level.
from a level to connect with the level above.
a. winze b. shaft c. raise
a. raise b. shaft c. shoot d. cross-cut
d. level
46. It is the most expensive Placer mining method.
38. The worthless minerals that are associated with
the valuable minerals in an ore. a. dredging b. hydraulicking c.
sluices d. rocker
a. tailings b. waste c. gangue
d. protore 47. The kind of explosive that are being used in coal
mining.
39. The top of the terminal edge of the vein or its
nearest point to the surface. a. slurries b.
permissible explosives
a. hanging wall b. c. low-density dynamites d.
chute chlorate explosives
c. outcrop d.
apex
48. Underground mining method that is used to
extract mineral deposits that are roughly 27. Which comes first?
tabular, flat or steeply dipping, and generally in a. loading b. drilling c. blasting
contact with strong wall rock. d. hauling

a. caving b. supported c. top 28. A vertical or nearly vertical opening driven

slicing d. unsupported from a level down to another level.
a. winze b. shaft c. raise d.
49. A bird used by the past miners to detect the cross-cut
methane content in a coal mine. 29. The most expensive among the placer
mining methods.
a. parrot b. woodpecker c. a. dredging b. hydraulicking c.
canary bird d. owl sluices d. rocker
30. Underground mining method used to
extract mineral deposits that are roughly tabular,
50. An underground water derived from rain, water
strong, flat or steeply dipping, and generally in
courses or other bodies of water. This water
contact with strong wall rock.
passes down into the earth and part of it
a. caving b. supported c. in-situ leaching,
becomes stored in the pores and cracks in the
d. unsupported.
rocks and part of it circulates.

a. connate water b.
magmatic water
c. meteoric water d.
juvenile water

21. Large ore bodies of irregular shape, the long

axis of which may extend in any direction
a. country rock b. outcrop c. vein
d. masses

22. A vertical or inclined opening driven

upward from a level to the upper level.

a. raise b. shaft c. shoot d.

level

23. The worthless minerals that are associated

with the valuable minerals in an ore.
a. tailings b. waste c. gangue d.
protore

24. The top of the terminal edge of the vein or

its nearest point to the surface.
a. hanging wall b. chute c. outcrop
d. apex

25. Which of the following comes last?

a. exploration b. rehabilitation c. mining
d. exploitation

26. Most effective and widely used detailed

exploration method.
a. geobotany b. geophysical c.
geochemical d. diamond core drilling
 d. rely on the caving of the ore
MINING METHODS 7. Sublevel caving method remains to be called so
due to the fact that:
a. the characteristic of the ore and country
1. Sublevel block caving is a hybrid between rocks have high capability index
sublevel caving and block caving introduced to b. the ore and country rock caves
counter c. the ore caves
a. Drilling and blasting problems in sublevel d. the country rock (hanging wall and foot
caving. wall) caves.
b. Draw control problems in block caving. 8. Front caving method is a special version of
c. Problems in sublevel caving due to sublevel caving introduced by Jane lid (1975) that
dilution and mining at depth was based on:
d. Problems in block caving regarding a. tests that good control of the gravity flow
stability, reinforcement and secondary can be achieved when production drifts are
blasting problems. wide and low
2. The sublevel shrinkage method is a variant of b. Stability
sublevel caving and shrinkage stoping to develope c. the size or area of contact surface
a. drawbacks due to mechanization of between blasted ore and caving waste rock
operation d. recovery and waste rock dilution
b. drawbacks due to mining at depth 9. Sublevel caving and block caving are methods
c. drawbacks in sublevel caving such as that are:
stability problem as mining goes deeper a. Naturally supported c.
and minimizing dilution artificially supported
d. drawbacks in shrinkage stooping such as b. Unsupported
dilution d. None of the above
3. Sublevel caving layout depends primarily on the 10. Cut and fill stooping, shrinkage stooping, VCR
size and shape of the ore body, for steeply dipping stooping and long-wall mining are methods that
and narrow ore bodies, the appropriate layout is: are:
a. longitudinal layout c. cross- a. Naturally supported c.
section layout artificially supported
b. perpendicular layout d. b. Unsupported
traverse layout d. None of the above
4. Sublevel caving method is applicable to: 11. Room and pillar mining, sublevel stooping and
a. competent ore body characteristics long-hole open stooping methods are mining
enclosed by strong wall rocks methods that are:
b. weak ore body and wall rock a. Naturally supported c.
characteristics artificially supported
c. reasonably competent ore body b. Unsupported
characteristics enclosed by incompetent wall rocks d. None of the above
d. strong ore body and wall rock 12. A system of transporting ore consisting
characteristics essentially of head frame, head sheaves, winding
5. The optimum yield from the ore body in sublevel machine and winding ropes:
caving depends on: a. Conveyor transport c. rail
a. the drilling and blasting technique transport
b. attitude of the ore body b. trackless transport d.
c. the country rock overlying the ore body hoisting
d. the gravitational flow of the granular 13. A mechanized cut and fills stooping
material produced by blasting and the a. Cut-and-fill stopping with LHD c. rill
caving waste rock stopping
6. Sublevel caving is a method that: b. Horizontal cut-and-fill stopping d.
a. is applicable to a tabular ore body with 3 resuing
meters height 14. Field of study concerned with checking the
b. involves the formation of the in-situ ore properties and behavior of rocks when subjected to
into a mechanically mobile state by drilling force field:
and blasting, and subsequently recovered. a. slope stability
c. is applicable to low plunging vein type c. ground control
deposit
Mining Methods.dot 6/23/97 6
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 b. rock mechanics d. soil 23. Produced by fires, explosion of gas or dust
mechanics where CO2 is an important constituent:
15. Mineral commonly whose international price a. White damp
level is heavily influenced by the strength of the U.S. c. After damp
dollar and level interest rates: b. Black damp d. Fire
a. Gold damp
c. Nickel 24. In stull stopping, the maximum deposit dip
c. Chromite d. should range from:
Copper a. 00 to 100 c. 500
16. Positive ore reserve is synonymous to: to 600
a. measured ore b. 600 to 800 d. 450
c. possible ore to 50 0

b. probable ore 25. Shrinkage stopping requires that the ore should
d. inferred ore be strong and the wall rock should be:
17. A technique of measuring expected profitability a. Strong c.
through the basic concepts cash flow and time moderately weak
value of money b. very weak d.
a. Hoskold formula c. weak
accounting rate of return 26. Room and pillar method is used predominantly
b. pay back period d. in:
discounted cash flow rate of return a. Quarrying dimension stones
18. It is a time-based cost being incurred c. coal mining
continuously regardless of mining activity and being b. deep-level gold mining
extinguished only by complete capital repayment: d. metal mining
a. royalties c. 27. An overhand method in which the ore is mined
depletion in horizontal slices and remains in the slope as a
b. depreciation temporary support for the walls and to provide a
d. interest working platform.
19. A profitability index used by project evaluators a. overhand cut and fill stopping
to ascertain the selling price and sales volume of c. block caving
the mineral commodity to which no profit or loss will b. shrinkage stopping d. top
be incurred by the proponent company slicing
a. Net present value analysis c. 28. Mining method that is exclusively by retreating
sensitivity analysis method with the cut-off grade serving only to
b. Regression analysis d. define the fingers of major ore zones.
Break-even analysis a. solution mining c.
20. Underground mining method frequently used by block caving
small-scale gold miners: b. cut and fill d.
a. sublevel caving open pit
c. cut-and-fill 29. The best grade prediction technique that allows
b. top splicing d. the lowest margin of error of estimation:
gophering a. Geo-statistical method
21. Mining method used for wide veins or masses c. distance weighing method
with weak ore which will stand unsupported only b. Classical statistical method d.
over small openings: Conventional or Geometric methods
a. Shrinkage stopping c. 30. This is a type of placer mining:
square set a. Hydraulic king c.
b. top splicing d. Quarrying
sublevel stopping b. Open cut d. Strip
22. Under the present set of mining laws, rules and mining
regulations, tax exemption applications of mining 31. The unsupported underground mining methods
companies are being handled by: can be used in any type except in:
a. Board of investments a. hydrothermal deposits
c. Ministry of Finance c. placer deposits
b. Bureau of Mines and Geosciences d. b. vein type deposits d.
Bureau of Customs bedded deposits

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32. In borehole extraction (aqueous extraction), the 40. A mining method that reminds of a sublevel
rock should be: stopping and is based on the principle of spherical
a. permeable c. charge and catering concepts.
consolidated a. Vertical Crater Retreat
b. competent and impervious d. c. Resuing Mining
unconsolidated b. Rill Mining d.
33. A horizontal exploitation opening, driven to Sublevel Retreat with backfill
connect levels, and used or haulage: 41. Sublevel retreat with backfill is found n literature
a. cross-cut c. as:
room a. Sublevel stopping c. Rill
b. counter drive mining
d. long-wall b. Avoca Mining
34. A post (timber) used to support loose rocks, slabs d. Cut-and-fill in slices
in the roof in coal mining.
a. Muck
c. Pillar
b. Prop d.
Pack MINING METHODS
35. A system of coal mining using continuous miners
and hydraulic roof support.
a. strip mining c. 1. A method for surface highwall or outcrop
short-wall recovery of coal by boring or excavating
b. Room and pillar d. opening into the seam beneath the
long-wall overburden.
36. An exploration method applicable to finding a. Open cast; b. Auger method; c.
and following short, narrow and irregular veins. Dredging; d. Hydraulicking.
a. Trenching c.
2. The underwater excavation of a placer
Auditing
deposit, usually carried out from a floating
b. Diamond drilling d. Test
vessel which may incorporate processing and
pitting
waste disposal facilities.
37. Dilution is kept to the minimum in reusing mining
a. Leaching; b. Hydraulicking; c.
due to:
Dredging; d. Quarrying.
a. Systematic backfilling technique
b. Care fill drilling lasting procedure 3. The loading point beneath a stope using
c. The use of normal size mechanized gravity to move bulk material downward and
equipment into a conveyance, by a chute or loading
d. Separate double blasting or selective machine.
operation, blasting the ore before blasting a. Drawpoint; b. Transfer point; c.
the wall to serve as fill material Chute point; d. Tram point.
38. The analysis of the method in wide veins
4. It is the working face of an opening.
suggests that it is the safest method of mining
a. Breast; b. Inby; c. Outby; d. Front.
today:
a. Shrinkage stopping 5. The broken, caved and mined-out portion of
c. cut-and-fill mining the deposit.
b. Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) method a. Gob; b. Fragments; c. Gangue; d.
d. Sublevel stopping Muck.
39. The Vertical Crater Retreat (VCR) method
6. Portion of a deposit overlying an excavation
involves the procedure as:
and left in place.
a. Fan holes are drilled from a drift towards
a. Rib pillar; b. Sill pillar; c. Crown pillar;
the direction of the undercut
d. Face
b. Fan holes are drilled at the undercut level
c. Vertical holes are drilled on a designed 7. The country rock boundary adjacent to a
pattern from the undercut level to the back deposit.
of the sublevel
d. Vertical holes are drilled on a designed a. Rock mass; b. Wall rock; c. Host
pattern from a cut over stope or pillar to the rock; d. Alteration.
bottom in the back of the undercut
Mining Methods.dot 6/23/97 8
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8. It is a funnel-shaped excavation formed at the
top of a raise to move bulk material by gravity
from a stope to a drawpoint.
a. Bell; b. Trench; c. Collar; d. Ditch.
9. A narrow, vertical or inclined opening
excavated in a deposit at the end of a stope
to provide a bench face.
a. Slot; b. Raise; c. Chute; d.
Drawpoint.
10. The term applied to the timbering or the
concrete around the mouth or top of a shaft.
a. Crib; b. Collar; c. Timber mat; d.
Spiling.
11. Sometimes referred to as open cut mining. It
can be employed in any mineral deposit of any
rock type lying near or on the surface.
a. Open pit mining; b. Dredging; c.
Glory hole mining; d. Placer mining.
12. Type of mining in which large quantities of water
under pressure directed through pipes and
nozzles (giants) are utilized to disintegrate the
deposit.
a. Sluicing; b. Dredging; c. Hydraulic
mining; d. Placer mining.
13. A surface or near-surface deposit, usually
tabular and may be of considerable areal
extent, containing mineral particles in detritus.
a. Detrital deposit; b. Lenticular deposit;
c. Tabular deposit; d. Massive.
14. Near-surface generally implies depths of
___________.
a. < 500 ft; b. > 500 - < 1000 ft; c. < 200
ft; d. > 300 ft
15. Basically a continuous large-volume digging
machine attached to a gravity concentrating
facility (jigs, etc.) with waste removal systems,
contained on a floating platform.
a. Bucket-wheel excavator; b. Scraper;
c. Dragline; d. Dredge.
16. Open pit excavation from which ore is removed
by gravity through a raise or raises connecting
to underground haulageways.
a. Placer mining; b. Strip mining; c.
Glory hole; d. Sluicing.
17. It is the oldest method of mining both coal and
most metallic ores.
a. Longwall mining; b. Room-and-pillar;
c. Sublevel caving; d. Block caving
18. It is the process wherein large quantities of hot
water are introduced through wells drilled into
buried deposit of native sulfur.
Mining Methods.dot 6/23/97
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a. Frasch process; b. In-situ leaching;
c. Acid-leaching; d. Cyanidation.
19. A method for mining free gold deposits in river
beds.
a. Quarrying; b. Square set; c. Glory
hole; d. Dredging;
20. A surface mining method where the
overburden is stripped first and dumped at the
same time. Then the orebody is mined,
horizontally in a single bench.
a. Multiple bench; b. Strip mining; c.
Dredging; d. Glory hole.
21. The method suits coal deposits that are flat and
tabular with dips not to exceed 12”. The coal
seams are mined by creating rooms and
leaving pillars in a regular pattern.
a. Longwall; b. Sublevel stoping; c.
Block caving; d. Room and pillar.
22. A method for mining weak veins and uses a
great deal of timbers. The whole width of the
vein is mined in horizontal slices starting from the
top. The timber sets are blasted down after
each slice is completed before the next slice is
started.
a. Sublevel stope; b. Sublevel caving;
c. Top slicing; d. Square set.
23. It is a timbered stope but classified as a self-
supporting opening because the timbers are
not used as support but to provide working
platforms for miners. The method is applicable
to very narrow veins so that the timbers to be
used are normally 5 – 6 ft.
a. Longwall mining; b. Square set; c.
Stull stope; d. Top slicing.
24. A method of caving that utilizes the weight of
an ore column that is being caved to crush itself
into sizes small enough to pass through draw
points that have been prepared beforehand.
a. Sublevel caving; b. Top slicing; c.
Longwall mining; d. Block caving.
25. A horizontal opening in or near an ore body
and parallel to the course of the vein or long
dimension of the ore body.
a. Cross-cut; b. Shaft; c. Winze; d.
Drift.
26. A horizontal or near-horizontal underground
passage that is open to the atmosphere at both
ends.
a. Tunnel; b. Adit; c. Drift; d.
Crosscut.
9