Test No 1

1. In checkshot survey we plot time depth Y or No?

2. Migration can be viewed as spiking Deconvolution Y or No?
3. On which frequency, geophone responses more?
 Sampling frequency
 Nyquist frequency
 folding frequency
 none of the above
4. What are the effects on frequency and wavelength due to depth?
5. What is the distance between electrodes on sonde in normal log?
6. What is the advantage of spreading?
7. Define NMO in terms of offset distance?
8. How can we use the depth of weathered zone for
 Static correction
 Normal moveout correction
 Datum correction
 None of the above
9. What is the frequency of input sweep?
 50-80
 20-80
 0-100
 none of the above
10. S/N ratio is the main objective in
 Data processing
 Data acquisition
 Data interpretation
 None of the above
11. In VSP, receivers are mounted closely or not? Y or No?
12. What is the objective of VSP?
13. How u compress long input signal?
 Stacking
 Migration
 Deconvolution
 Convolution
14. Diffractions are due to
 Faults
 Folds
 Anticlines
 Bowtie effect
15. Name the two types of marine energy sources?
16. Name the types of spreading?
17. Spreading is used to reduce
 Noise
 Ground roll
 Rayleigh waves
 None of the obove
18. For what purposes spreading is used for?
19. In Deconvolution, frequency domain is equal to time domain in
 Multiplication
 Division
 Subtraction
 Adding
 None of the above
20. In checkshot survey, we determine velocities in the formations? Y or No?
21. What will be the effect on gravity if we go from equator to pole?
22. TMM stands for?
23. What are the Rayleigh waves? Is Rayleigh waves and Ground roll are same?
24. Loam is a mixture of silt, sand, clay Y or No
25. Marl is composed of CACO3 + clay Y or No
26. What is that semi molten material over which the continental plates float?
 Lithosphere
 Asthenosphere
 Mantle
 None of the above

Test No 2

1. Which of the formation is of Eocene age?

A. Jutana Formation
B. Amb Formation
C. Shirinab Formation
D. kirther
E. Gaj Formation
2. Which is the oldest Rock Formation in the Upper Indus Basin and Lower Indus
Basin.
A. Kirana Group
B. Salkhala Formation
C. Hazara Formation
D. Nagar Parkar Granite
3. Which one is Lumshiwal equivalent in Lower Indus Basin.
A. Chiltan Limestone
B. Sembar Formation
C. Parh Limestone

D. Pab Sandstone
E. Lakhra Formation
4. The deepest well of Pakistan is.
A. Sui Deep
B. Kalar X1
C. Khaur-1
D. Kundi x1
E. Mari Deep-1

5. Name the first Commercial well of Pakistan.

A. Kundal
 B. Khaur-1
C. Dhulian
D. Joya Mair
E. Balkassar

6. Sediments produced by the erosion of mountain ranges subsequent to an orogenic

episode are described as

A. Flysch
B. Molasse
C. Preflysch
D. Geoclines

7. The water that is trapped in a sediment or bed against gravity is called.

A. Capillary water
B. Gravitational water
C. Hygroscopic water
D. None of the above

8. Which of the following are the most active bases present in igneous magmas
A. K and Na
B. Na and Ca
C. Na, Ca and Ba
D. K and Ba
9. Chose the correct combination from the following
A. Eons, Eras, Period, Epoch and Age
B. System, Period, Series, Stage
C. Group, Formation, Member
D. Biozone, Biochron, Teilzone, Teilchron

10. Arenaceous rocks dominant range in size from

A. 1/16 – 2mm
B. 2mm – 64mm
C. 64 – 256mm
D. 1/16 – 1/256mm

11. The deposits such as sand, clay and silt formed at the mouth of the rivers due to floods are termed
as

A. Alluvium
B. Colluvium
C. Interalluvium
D. Proluvium

12. The movement of the transform faults are

A. Parallel to the line of the fault

B. Perpendicular to the line of the fault
C. Inclined to the line of the fault
D. None of the above

13. If sedimentary rocks overlie plutonic igneous rocks, the unconformity is described as
 A. Nonconformity
B. Disconfirmity
C. Local Unconfirmity
D. Angular Unconfirmity.

14. Identify the sedimentary structures illustrated in vertical cross section above.

15. The max. amount of dip of a bed is measured along the N 40o E. The Strike direction of the bed will
be.
A. N-S
B. E-W
C. N 50 W
D. S 50 W
E. None of the above.

16. According to the geochemical calculations and measurements of stratigraphic sections, the
relative proportion of which of the following sediment is highest in the earth’s crust?

1. Shale
2. Limestone
3. Sandstone
4. Conglomerate

17. The environment between the highest and lowest levels of spring tides is described as

A. Littoral environment
B. Neritic environment
C. Continental shelf
D. Bathyl environment
 18. Which of the following materials has the highest porosit
A. Clay
B. Silt
C. Gravel
D. Sandstone

19. Caliper Logging is employed for determining.

A. Physical property of Rocks

B. Calibration of Tool
C. Variation in the Bore Hole Diameters
D. The porosity of reservoir rock

20. Study the diagram below and chose the most appropriate answer.

A B N

A. A & B are older than M and N

B. B is older than M
C. A is older than B
D. M is older than
21. Which of the following field is of Condensate.

A. Dhodak
B. Mari
C. Bhit
D. Qadirpur

22. The Permo -Triassic boundary is between

A. Chhidru/Mianwali
B. Tobra/Sakasar
C. Tobra/Wulgai
D. Wulgai/Sakasar

23. 8- Grabben is formed by ------------------

(a) Reverse faults

(b) Thrust faults
(c) Normal faults MEDIUM

24 Strike-slip faults Normal faults are formed in ------------------- Regime

(a) Compressional
(b) Extensional EASY
(c) Lateral movement
 (d) None of this

25 The main potential reservoir rock in Cambrian is --------

(a) Khewra Sandstone EASY

(b) Baghanwala
(c) Wargal Limestone
(d) Salt Range

26 The ratio of pore spaces to total volume of reservoir rock is --------

(a) Porosity EASY

(b) Effective porosity
(c) Permeability
Effective permeability

27 Wavelength of Seismic waves ----------------- with depth

Decreases

Increases

Same

Irregular variation

28 Which one of the following is best source for the creation of diffraction events on an unmigrated
stack?
 Faults
 Folds
 Synclines
 Anticlines

29 Migration moves reflectors in ------------------------direction

Updip
Down dip
No where

30 Which log determines the seismic velocities of formations?

Sonic
Density
Resistivity

Test No 3
1- The Himalayan Orogenic Belt is the ------------ mountain chain in the World.

(a) Oldest
(b) Largest
(c) Highest
(d) Youngest EASY
 2- The Continent-continent collision between the Indian and Eurasian subcontinents started about
-------- years ago

(a) 40 EASY
(b) 45
(c) 50
(d) 55

3- The MKT is in the North of the Kohistan-Island Arc and was formed as a result of collision
between -------------- plate and the Kohistan Island arc.

(a) Indian plate

(b) Tibet
(c) Karakurram plate EASY
(d) None of them

4- The Salt Range Thrust in the southwest of Pakistan Himalaya is the Lateral equivalent of
-------------- of the Central Himalaya.

(a) MBT
(b) MCT
(c) MMT
(d) MFT MEDIUM

5- The geological age of the Kohat Formation is ------------

(a) Eocene EASY

(b) Miocene
(c) Paleocene
(d) Pliocene

6- The Basin Located in the Northern Pakistan and separated from the Lower Indus Basin by Sargodha
high is -------------------

(a) Central Indus Basin

(b) Balouchistan Basin
(c) Karakurram Basin
(d) Upper Indus Basin EASY
7- The Stratigraphy of the Jehlum Group is ……

(a) khisor (b) Khisor (c) Khisor (d) Khisor MEDIUM

Baghanwala Baghanwala Baghanwala
Kussak Kussak Khewra Jutana
Khewra Khussak
Khewra

8- Grabben is formed by ------------------

(d) Reverse faults

(e) Thrust faults
(f) Normal faults MEDIUM
(g) Strike-slip faults

9- Normal faults are formed in ------------------- Regime

 (e) Compressional
(f) Extensional EASY
(g) Lateral movement
(h) None of this

10- The porosity of most sandstone reservoir rock is chiefly ----------

(a) Primary EASY

(b) Secondary
(c) Fracture
(d) Moldic

11- The Geological Age of Sembar Formation is ---------

(a) Lower Cretaceous MEDIUM

(b) Upper Cretaceous
(c) Upper Jurrasic
(d) Paleocene

12- The main potential reservoir rock in Cambrian is --------

(e) Khewra Sandstone EASY

(f) Baghanwala
(g) Wargal Limestone
(h) Salt Range

13- Tobra Formation, Dandot Formation,Warcha Sandstone. And Sardhai Formation constitute----

(a) Zaluch Group

(b) Rawalpindi Group
(c) Nilawahan Group EASY
(d) Jehlum Group

14- The Kingriali Formation is predominantly composed of --------

(a) Limestone
(b) Dolomite MEDIUM
(c) Sandstone
(d) Shale

15- The ability of rock to conduct a particular fluid (which does not completely saturate the rock) in
presence of other fluids is called ……

(a) Effective porosity

(b) Porosity
(c) Effective permeability MEDIUM
(d) Permeability

16- The ratio of pore spaces to total volume of reservoir rock is --------

(d) Porosity EASY

(e) Effective porosity
(f) Permeability
(g) Effective permeability
17- The ratio of total volume of pore spaces to total volume of rock is called ------

(a) Absolute permeability

(b) Effective permeability
(c) Absolute porosity MEDIUM
(d) Effective porosity

18- Increase in temperature has the following effect on permeability.

(a) Increase MEDIUM

(b) Decrease
(c) No effect
(d) None of this

19- Due to the process of dolomitization the porosity ----------

(a) Increases MEDIUM

(b) Decreases
(c) No effect
(d) None of this

20- The water that was fallen as rain and has filled up the porous and permeable rock is called -------

(a) Interstitial water

(b) Connate water
(c) Meteoric water MEDUIM
(d) Free water

21- The size of the clay particle is --------

(a) >4 micron

(b) 62-4 micron
(c) 62 micron
(d) <4 micron EASY

22- Which of the following is not a benthic foram.

(a) Assilina
(b) Milioliid
(c) Textularia
(d) All of these are benthic HARD

23- The geological range of Nummulities is ----------

(a) Paleocene – Miocene

(b) Paleocene – Middle Oligocene MEDIUM
(c) Permian – Miocene
(d) Permian – Middle Oligocene

24- Ostracods belongs to phylum ---------

(a) Echinodermata
(b) Molluska
(c) Arthropoda MEDIUM
 (d) None of this

25- When several thrust planes develop in parallel sets, a series of high-angle reverse faults may also
develop between pairs of thrust planes giving rise to ---------

(a) Grabben
(b) Steps faults
(c) Imbricate MEDIUM
(d) Horst

26- The fold having two limbs parallel is called --------

(a) Symmetrical
(b) Parallel
(c) Isoclinal MEDIUM
(d) Recumbent

27- An anticline structure which plunges in all directions is called ------

(a) Basin
(b) Dome MEDIUM
(c) Box fold
(d) Antiform

28- An anticline having the younger rocks in the core is called ---------

(a) Synform
(b) Isoclinal
(c) Overturned
(d) Antiform MEDIUM

29- The structures formed on bedding surface when current becomes fast enough to transport sand is
----------

(a) Cross-bedding
(b) Ripple marks MEDIUM
(c) Graded bedding
(d) Lamination

30- The asymmetrical structures found on sole of some sandstone beds, particularly where turbidity
currents have been common, are -------

(a) Flute casts HARD

(b) Groove casts
(c) Ripple marks
(d) Imbrication

31- In a map very close contours (overlapping) show --------

(a) A dome HARD

(b) Plain Area
(c) Stream
(d) Vertical cliff
 32- The bedding which begins with the coarsest grains at base, gradually becoming finer, and being
finest at top, is called ---------
(a) Aggradation
(b) Graded bedding MEDIUM
(c) Laminated bedding
(d) All of three

33- hydrocarbons are ------------- conductor of electricity

(a) Good
(b) Poor
(c) Non-conductive MEDIUM
(d) None of these

34- All resistivity logs include

(a) SP curve HARD

(b) DT curve
(c) RHOB curve
(d) NPHI curve

35- The log which is very useful of porosity determination is -----------

(a) Sonic HARD

(b) Density
(c) SP
(d) GR

36- Arkose is a type of sandstone which contains --------

(a) Feldspar only

(b) Quartz only
(c) Feldspar + Quartz as major minerals HARD
(d) Feldspar + Lithic fragments as major

37- Kohat sub-basin and Potwar sub-basin are part of ------------

(a) Central Indus Basin

(b) Southern Indus Basin
(c) Upper Indus Basin MEDIUM
(d) Lower Indus Basin

38- Permo-Triassic boundary is mainly present between ---------

(a) Wargal and Mianwali

(b) Chiddhru and Mianwali MEDIUM
(c) Chiddhru and Wargal
(d) Warchha and Mianwali
39- Dandot Formation is a ------------------

(a) Poor source rock

(b) Poor reservoir rock
(c) Good source rock MEDIUM
(d) Good reservoir rock
 40- The upper contact of Salt Range Formation is ------------- with Khewra Sandstone

(a) Gradational
(b) Unconformable
(c) Conformable
(d) Transitional HARD

41- Relatively unconformable, genetically related succession of strata bounded by unconformities or

their correlative conformities is called -------

(a) Cycle
(b) System
(c) Sequence HARD
(d) Stratigraphic Unit

42- Surface separating younger from older strata along which there is evidence of sub aerial erosional
truncation or sub aerial exposure or correlative sub-marine erosion in some areas, indicating a
significant hiatus, is called ----------

(a) Stratigraphic Unit

(b) Conformity
(c) Disconformity
(d) Unconformity HARD

43- Two or more superposed beds characterized by the same composition, texture, and sedimentary
structure is called ----------

(a) Facies
(b) Sequence
(c) Bedsets MEDIUM
(d) Stratigraphic units

44- A landward movement of the shoreline indicated by a landward migration of the littoral facies in a
given Stratigraphic unit is --------------

(a) Aggradation
(b) Regression
(c) Transgression MEDIUM
(d) Reggradation
45- An unconformity in which the beds above and below are parallel, but where the unconformity is of regional
extent is called --------------

(a) Parallel unconformity

(b) Angular unconformity
(c) Disconformity MEDIUM
(d) Uniform unconformity

46- A marl is a ----------

(a) Calcareous sandstone

(b) Calcareous mudstone HARD
(c) Arenaceous limestone
(d) Arenaceous mudstone
47- The duration of Carboniferous period is ---------

(a) 65 m.y HARD

(b) 80 m.y
(c) 60 m.y
(d) 55 m.y

48- Clay is an ----------------------

(a) Arenaceous rock

(b) Argillaceous rock MEDIUM
(c) Calcareous rock
(d) Siliciclastic rock

49- A sedimentary particle composed of calcium carbonate derived by local erosion of the floor of the
sedimentary basin is ----------------

(a) Extraclast
(b) Siliciclast
(c) Intraclast HARD
(d) Marl

50- The environment between the highest and lowest levels of spring tide is -------------

(a) Shelf
(b) Reef
(c) Littoral HARD
(d) Supra Littoral