UNIT 12. The last frontier Reading > Paper 1, Part 2 AE You have won a prize ofa ewo-week hoidy in Ancareuea ow do you fel? B) horrifed - won't it be cold, uncomfortable and dangerous? B concerned ~is nowhere sae fom tourism? i thrilled youll be able to visita place few other people | === have ever set foot in 2 You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned “with travel in Antarctica First, read the extracts quickly to get a _eneral idea oftheir content and possible sources. Do they make {you change your view of Anearetia? HB Now read the extracts carefully and choose the answer (A.B, C or D) which you think fis best according to the text | Across Antarctica on foot At nine-thirty Geoff's team rolled out into the lead positio clouds hugged the surface. The dogs were crazy to pull, but their wildness threatened to upset heading south. A misty snow fell and the sleds. The morning's battle was to try to contain them until they burned off their extra energy. For that reason alone, we appreciated the deep snow, because it made the dogs work harder and | slowed them down. By late moming the surfaces levelled out and became harder packed, and the skies cleared. ‘The parting clouds revealed a beaut mountains that bordered us on both sides were drified with deep snow. Delicate ice crystals filled the air, and sunlight refracting off them created a sparkling display of rainbows, pillars and halos. In front of our dog-sleds the snow’ reflecting the sunlight in a multi-coloured spectrum. In the distance a low fog hugged the horizon. All day — we travelled nearly nineteen miles — we watched Antarctica’s beauty unfold. This was @ region few men have seen at this time of year, and we sledded through it reverentially, ‘quiet but for the rasping of the dogs and our own periodie shouting to encourage them. 1 scene, resembling a white moonscape. The ice-covered surface was covered with gleaming prisms, each 1 The writer suggests that the explorers 2 On the afternoon described in this extract, the A found the dogs uncontrollable. explorers were B_ had some problems handling the dogs. A deeply affected by what they saw. C treated their dogs with little consideration. B_ slowed down by the unusual light conditions. D_ were threatened by the dogs’ lack of discipline. sad to leave the scene they found. D_ hindered by the snow conditions. 169Through the ice in a small boat ‘This was as far south as wed expected co ge, but with the help of long poles, we managed to push che boat through the thick ice clogging the narrow channel into the ice pack. Te was heavy going, and, overcome with hunger, we devoured Isso hot scones and rhubarb jam as ast as she could make them. “Look out” screamed Igor, choking on a scone and flinging his arm to starboard, Clinging to che wheel, I glimpsed three | black fins alla fence posts, slicing though the clear wates, | hurling sraighe towards me, There was a broad blur of mottled blac and white patches beneath the surface asthe Killer whales raced towards us, My nightmare was coming true ~ they couldait miss the boat. But suddenly they were gone, slipping beneath the keel and hull and shooting on towards the golden crab-eater sels crouched low on the ice floes. All around, penguins popped out ofthe water like black corks and flaled in a terrified way up onto the ice, ‘while the floes rocked withthe wash ofthe monsters’ charge. “They must have been stalking us under the ice,’ muttered Jon. No-one could argue. We were leading a fragile existence 3 The people in the boat were A. trying to escape from the ice. B_ becoming short of food. € advancing into the ice. D_ struggling to survive. 4 What feature of the whales is emphasised A size C intelligence B power D_curiosity Antarctic Adventure Cruise the Ross Sea region contains some of Antarctica’s best mountain scenery and wildlife locations, yet remains far less visited than other parts of Antarctica due to its formidable barriers of pack ice. Only a handful of ‘expedition vessels have ever traversed this superb region, ‘and hundreds of miles of coastline remain little explored. The M. S. Bremen is one of the most modern and environmentally-friendly expedition vessels afloat, unmatched in her combination of First Class luxury plus outstanding ability to reach otherwise inaccessible destinations, ‘our journey is at the very peak of summer's wildlife season. Bathed by extraordinary 24-hour daylight, the areas around Antarctica’s coastline will be erupting with activity; Penguins gather to tend thelr fast-growing young in rookeries of staggering numbers, whales are seen by the hundreds, seals haul themselves out on ice floes and shorelines, and a myriad of other birds nest in the rocks and circie the air. Everywhere there is the backdrop of the Ross Sea's dramatic glaciers, Icebergs and mountains. Our Journey will be a time of unparalleled photographic ‘opportunities ~ a chance to witness the Earth's greatest unspoiled natural wonderland, ‘The Antarctic Cruise advertisement is aimed at people who A want to explore in safety B are expert photographers. C would like to hunt and shoot. D_ are young and adventurous. 6 The advertisement emphasises the A. approachability of the wildlife. B_ number of breeding places visited. C beauty of the animals in their habitats. D_ profusion of animals and birds. PIMs { people aren't actually all 4 uidebooks to Antarctica? HThe notion that the last wildemess is being colonised by tourists tends to. provoke the kind of shock-hortor reaction associated with abloid headlines Is nothing sacred? Apparently rnot. Thirey years ago, nox a single tourist visited Antarctica [Now as many as 10,000 rourits visic ic each year. What nex? Tecpel a the South | wellpotied and all epuabl Pole? ‘organisations adhere 10 Tb of acl oan | coootenal eras fa the ice is shocking, of course, | Antarctic Treaty and the because Antarctica is a powerful | guidelines Ind down by the symbol ofthe uncorrupted Earth | International Association of = the planet before we mucked | Antarctic Tour Operators. Whilst ic up. It is 2 blank in time, | it is essential to maintain strict the last wilderness and the | control over all visitors, the conly geographical symbol of | realty is cha che vast majority of innocence left unless we set| the continent has never seen 2 ‘up colonies in space Nikon and probably never will “The dangerous implications of tourism in Antartica, however, = - Ihave been exaggerated. 10,000 many on a continent one and 3 half times the size of Europe Almost all tourists arrive on ‘rue ships and spend only a few | hours on the continent itself. | There is no accommodation | available ro holidaymakers on the } } i ice, so they are abliged 10 return to theit cruise ships to sleep. | Antarctic tourism is now 7 According to the writer, Antarctica is a powerful symbol because it is A untouched. C B_ unspoiled, D empty 8 The writer says that tourists visiting Antarctica have an exaggerated idea of the dangers. may be disappointed by what they actually see. have little effect on its environment. travel in comfortable conditions. owe 4 Discuss the following questions. | What sort of controls do you think might be specified by the agreements mentioned in the last text? 2. Which isolated place would you most like to visit? WhyLanguage Focus: Vocabulary 1 Read the following three texts ignoring the gaps for the moment. Match each text to one of the text types a)-e) below. a) an advertisement ) an article from a specialist magazine ©) a guidebook 4) a travel book (giving a personal account of a journey) ©) a review 2. Read the three texts again and decide which answer (A, B,C or D) best fits each gap. ’ TRYING TO LEAVE CORSICA } I: ‘was the last tin to Ajaccio, I arrived jn darknes, f passing through che back ofthe city and hardly entering it because the station is some distance from the centre | “The nextday tied to get information about the ferries to Sardinia, The travel agenss could give me (1) } deals of the lights to Dallas or Miami, they could } @ reservations for me at Disneyland: buc they } had 0) if, oF fiom where, or when, a ferry | travelled the few miles from Corsica to Sardinia 1 enquired | at cight agencies W) T found one with the right} formation } “So a ferry leaves every afternoon at four from Bonifacio? 1 said, "What time does ic arrive?” ‘The clerk did not know: “Where do I get a ticket” ‘The clerk did not know, but guesed that someone in Bonificio would be selling them. Ms thee 2 bs or 2 fn tat Be the Sry ix f Sina \ This made her ugh. ‘Sains in ta! she rid, | (6 mses sed chug ha asked er he gueion | abou Now Zealand } Reese 4 actual B precise C strict literal book B do C make order concept. B idea theory belief unt! — Bowhen —€ since before connects Blinks _C matches meets highly B eminently C exceptionally seriously 172 Hong Kong is well-known as the most (7) populated place on Earth. At the heart of Hong Kong lies the area known as Kowloon, ang within Kowloon is district which Is crowded even by Hong Kong standards ~Mongkok. Here (8) lve an estimated 165,000 ‘people per square kilometre, Many stories are told of how Mongkok got its name. In the fist (9)....... the word or name does not exist in any Chinese dialect. The ‘kok’ part of it means ‘corne*’in Cantonese, ‘and one popular hypothesis notes that the name of the district was ‘supposed to be Wongkok, meaning ‘Wong's Comet’ but a (10). painter inadvertently stenciled the ‘W’ upside down, thus making it ‘Mongkok instead. Whatever the truth of the matter, this busy and busting (11) vo... of Nathan Road is a popular tourist area where the shops (12) many bargains not found on the lower and pricier tend of the ‘Golden Mie’. renee | \ 7 Acompacily B closely C densely D thickly 8 A unequalled B alone Conly — D uniquely 9 A place Binstance C case —_D example 10 A nodce —-Bsign_C board placard 11 A distance —B expanse C stretch D extent 12 A boast -Besupport C exhibit D vaunt A have any (1) sn OF what Tourism ‘ fepoasble atin eal and tourists | ™ majrity of holiday-makers never consider the effect of tourism on the other cultures and essential to regulate the | environments that they: tourist industry, the fact | visit ~ they are only interested (13) seronnne that this can be | in their enjoyment. ‘very difficule to organise in | And the number of travellers practice. It is true that tourist | is increasing all the time — organisations themselves have there are more to (14) to certain regulations, and when they are operating internationally they have co tke care not to (18)... agreements. rile it is clearly nowadays opportunities (18) nnn £0 would-be adventurers than ver before, with mone and ‘more travel agencies setting up treaty | holidays in remote and Most organisations do follow these codes ~ their clients, however, tourist | previously untouched places. may not, and may not even 13 A remains B stays exists D applies 14 A maintain B follow C adhere —_—D abide 15 A contradict B contrive C concede —D contravene 16 A concept. B theory C outline thesis 17 A big B large C immense vast 18 A ready B available C convenient. D applicable"Language Focus: Grammar Indirect speech WA) The writer ofthe extrac below deserbes a dificult nd dangerous journey in which he and two friends frossed the mountains from Afghanistan to Nuristan on foot. They were guided to the border by a young boy, who ‘hen left them. 4 Read the text, ignoring the gaps for the moment, to get +2 general idea of the content.Then choose from the list below the best phrases or sentences to fill the gaps. ‘front of us the desolate beauty of Naristan srerched | cout cowards the majestic range ofthe Hinds Kush and | feedom. Ie was late afternoon, the san had dropped | Feice ches csi ands chav wastplcting us | (1) but we had been walking for three or four hours already and these was sill no sign oft (2) -—-- but then py ‘An hour later we rounded a bend inthe river and saw 8 | | | | | thread of smoke drifting from berween some large rocks at ‘the bottom ofa cliff The fire belonged to a family from Kunde (8) —- We walked on unlit grew dark. The moon was bigh in thes by the ime we came othe glow ofa lamp hanging | ide a tent, (6) —— (6) — We ha been vein ~stos continuously for more than eighteen hours. AS we | satdeinking tea (7) mx had already guessed the answer, and I nas nor disappointed "With a good horse ~ maybe an hour.” ‘A Lasked one of them, out of idle interest, how far he thought it might be to the next village. B We briefly considered spending the night in one of the shelters € Some men invited us inside to share their meal and stay the night. D (we) decided to press on. E The boy had told us of a village an hour’s journey over the pass into Nuristan UNIT 12 The last fromtier F who told us that there was, indeed, a village another hour’s walk down the river. G We accepted gratefully 2. Rewrite the extracts AG, using the words given below. Don't change the original meaning, More than one answer may be possible. [ asked, out of idle interest. We briefly wondered whether we We agreed that The men said, The boy had said that “Oh, yes” they said, * We replied that (Use the previous sentence in the text to help you) ommpam> 17D Now discuss these questions with reference to Exercise 1. 1 What verbs do we use to introduce a) indirect statements? b) indirect questions 2. What patterns follow these verbs in indirect speech? 3 What changes do we make to vocabulary and tenses? 4 When we report what someone said, do we always use their exact words? 9B) Filexch of che gaps with a suitable word or phrase In which sentences do you have a choice of tense? 1 Trold you it didn’t matter brought someone along with you. 2. Jenny just wanted to check that we to the party tomorrow 3. He claimed that his wallet by a pick- pocket, but in fact he'd just left it at home. 4 She told me | to go as she could manage on her own. alone or 5 I wasn’t able to confirm whether it . be possible for me to attend the meeting. 6 Iwish I... gone with you, but I had to stay at home with the children, 7 She said she wished they .. bringing their dog with them every time they came . insist on to visit her. 8. He said he might possibly come along if he time, but we shouldn’t wait for him.