Design electronic installation and ICT server

CHAPTER ONE

Electronic Installation for computer network needs

An electrical installation is a group of items of electrical equipment that are permanently electrically
connected together and can be supplied with electricity from the works of an electricity entity or from a
generating source. An item of electrical equipment may be part of more than 1 electrical installation.

ICT INSTALLATION

. Context1

Spain, the cabling inside residential building is established by a legal regulation called ICT
(Telecommunication Common Infrastructure) norm (BOE, 2003).

ICT norm was first published in 1998 and updated in 2003 and has taken many benefits assuring good
access to services in all new built homes. Typical ICT installations are of vertical nature (fig. 1), where
terrestrial and satellite TV do up to down and telephony and broadband services go from the basement
to the roof. Structured cabling is applied in corporate buildings and ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A (ANSI/EIA/TIA,
1995) is applied as an established standard (although it is not compulsory by law). Resulting installations
(fig. 2) are structured in plants, where a horizontal cross-connect concentrates the star like cabling
(generally copper) that provides voice and data service. All plants are linked to a central “equipment
room” using fiber links. Using this scheme, users can share internet access (and many times they also
have common resources like network servers) and also phone network access (using a traditional or IP
PBX). Nowadays, there are some kinds of buildings where the services of a residential building are
implemented through a structured cabling network; mainly this is true for some hotels and hospitals
(where ICT norm does not apply). In this case the main problem is to implement the TV services via IP.
Normally, they use equipment that converts COFDM (DTT) and satellite signals into IPTV. In this paper
we will investigate the application of this idea to residential buildings (the bigger the better) knowing
that the horizontal cabling of 568A standard can be done grouping more than a single plant. In this
section we are going to summarize the typical services present in a residential building (those that are
necessary according to spanish regulations) and, for each, we will comment how to implement them in
the classic form and how to integrate them in a structured cabling system. Distribution of terrestrial TV
signals is compulsory under spanish regulations. Nowadays, most of these signals are public channels
and a few are under conditional access. Nevertheless, all signals have to be present at every home.
Satellite signals are optional, but many apartment buildings distribute signals from a local operator
“digital+” which are downloaded from any of two geostationary satellites: Astra 1KR and Hispasat
1C/1D. Classical solution (as it is described in regulations) consists of a head installation (made of single
channel processors, most of them amplifiers) and a coaxial distribution network (which includes signal
splitters to get to every home). To get the same service via structured cabling we need a heading made
of RF to IPTV converters (EtherDVB, 2010) and we also need an IP network that is able to handle
multicast traffic (that imposes a hard requirement on active equipment). See that this may be a much
more expensive solution as equipment is expensive and we will need more maintenance that with a
classical system. What’s more we will have a very heavy traffic added to our network. Benefits of this
solution would be the possibility to establish internal channels and/or sharing pay per view material
(something interesting for hotels but only feasible in very large residential communities). A possibility to
relieve costs in the DVB-IP gateway could be to implement it via a PC- based solution. A PC equipped
with DVB receiving cards and an IPTV server could make the trick. We could use free software like VLC
for his task (VLC, 2010). We can see that this service is difficult and less cost effective than traditional
solution. So it is probably not very advisable to implement it via structured cabling. Voice telephony is
another compulsory service. Classical solution consists of a tree-like structure of twisted copper cabling.

Trunk cabling is made with multi-pair cables and on each plant we have a star-like cabling made of 1-pair
or 2-pair cables. Each home should receive two pairs, although most times they will only use one of
them. The origin of cabling is a room situated in the ground floor or in the basement where pairs are
connected to those incoming to the building from the telephony operators. This room is called “RITI”
(Recinto de Instalaciones de Telecomunicaciones Inferior, Lower Telecommunications Room). In a
structured cabling solution, we have two different options: - Installing a PBX in the RITI. Telephone
cabling would be identical to the classical one but residents would benefit from free internal calls and
they would share the outward lines getting reduced costs. - Using VoIP. Data cabling would be used for
voice with small traffic cost. Telephone terminals would be more expensive but PBX would be converted
into a standard PC plus software. We could use commercial software like “TalkSwitch” (TalkSwitch,
2010) or open source solutions (Asterisk, 2010). Both solutions require an accounting system and more
maintenance than a classical solution (where maintenance falls almost completely on the operator side)
but for telephony we can speak about cost effective solutions for medium to large communities. In this
case, perhaps the VoIP solution is the optimum. Spanish regulations oblige building makers to leave
proper cabling ducts for broadband communications. It is not ...

Context 2

... could be to implement it via a PC- based solution. A PC equipped with DVB receiving cards and an
IPTV server could make the trick. We could use free software like VLC for his task (VLC, 2010). We can
see that this service is difficult and less cost effective than traditional solution. So it is probably not very
advisable to implement it via structured cabling. Voice telephony is another compulsory service.
Classical solution consists of a tree-like structure of twisted copper cabling. Trunk cabling is made with
multi-pair cables and on each plant we have a star-like cabling made of 1-pair or 2-pair cables. Each
home should receive two pairs, although most times they will only use one of them. The origin of cabling
is a room situated in the ground floor or in the basement where pairs are connected to those incoming
to the building from the telephony operators. This room is called “RITI” (Recinto de Instalaciones de
Telecomunicaciones Inferior, Lower Telecommunications Room). In a structured cabling solution, we
have two different options: - Installing a PBX in the RITI. Telephone cabling would be identical to the
classical one but residents would benefit from free internal calls and they would share the outward lines
getting reduced costs. - Using VoIP. Data cabling would be used for voice with small traffic cost.
Telephone terminals would be more expensive but PBX would be converted into a standard PC plus
software. We could use commercial software like “TalkSwitch” (TalkSwitch, 2010) or open source
solutions (Asterisk, 2010). Both solutions require an accounting system and more maintenance than a
classical solution (where maintenance falls almost completely on the operator side) but for telephony
we can speak about cost effective solutions for medium to large communities. In this case, perhaps the
VoIP solution is the optimum. Spanish regulations oblige building makers to leave proper cabling ducts
for broadband communications. It is not specified neither which kind of cabling to use nor what services
to offer. These channels are often used by cable companies to offer packed services (which usually
consists of DVB-C TV and internet access). These companies also offer telephony but they normally use
the “RITI” room to connect to the analog pairs that go into the homes so that for the users this service
seems identical to that of the classical operators. In this case we can become our self broadband
operator and install structured cabling using the cabling ducts. Internet access would be easy to
implement (and to share between residents) installing the proper equipment in the “RITI”. After that,
we could implement VoIP with little extra effort. TV distribution remains as the main problem for this
kind of installation. Any solution will be expensive and will add a very strong traffic to our network. In
the case of building an intra-building network we can get some more benefits as a community intranet
and, perhaps, distribution of local video content. Another benefit would be the integration of security
and/or home automation. It would be interesting to get an agreement with a cable or IPTV operator so
that TV contents could be shared by the community. ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A standard recommends that
network sockets should be grouped by plants, using what it is normally called a “horizontal cross-
connect” to concentrate the horizontal cabling (made normally of copper UTP cable). That structure is
suitable for corporate buildings where we have few plants and they are large. In this scheme the
horizontal cross-connect must be in a dedicated room called “telecommunication room” (TR).
Residential buildings tend to be of vertical structure: many plants of reduced dimensions. Besides square
meter is a very expensive resource, id est.: normally, we can not afford a TR on each plant. ICT
regulations oblige to have a small common space on each plant called: “secondary register”. This is
merely a small closet where we can connect cables. If we make secondary registers “relatively big” and
we furnish them with electric power (something that with classical solution is almost always not
necessary), we could install the necessary switches into them. Nevertheless this is an excessive solution
and we can get a better structure. So the proposed structure is: - “Use the RITI as a telecommunication
room and install inside it all the necessary switches. As this room must be connected by cabling ducts to
all homes in the building, we can use them to carry the UTP cables to each user socket”. The condition
to be able to implement a network in this way is that we fall within the maximum distance that
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A specifies: 90 meters. Thinking about a big building of ground floor and ten plants we
could have 7 meters from the RITI to the first plant, and 27 meters more until the top plant. We would
have 56 meters left for the horizontal path until reaching the furthest socket. Then we can conclude that
in vertical buildings (see figure 1) we can use this solution almost always. Sometimes we have
contiguous buildings that share the RITI (sometimes it is a single big building with more than one
stairwell). In this case we will still be able to use the proposed structure, as long as we do no exceed the
maximum distance. In certain big building projects, we have more than one RITI where each serves one
or two stairwells. In this case, our scheme is again valid. We should have the RITIS connected using
optical fiber and one of them would provide the connection to the outside. That is exactly what
ANSI/EIA/TIA-568A specifies for connecting several TR’s, the main of them becomes a vertical cross-
connect or ER (Equipment Room).
 CHAPTER TWO

In vertical buildings it is very unlikely that we go over the maximum (90 m) distance for copper cabling. If
we have such problem, we will have to concentrate part of the building sockets and then connect the
switch with the corresponding RITI (using fiber). Perhaps the easier form is to choose a proper
secondary register for this task. In the case of big housing developments, consisting of individual houses,
the assumption of short distances becomes false. This particular case is a difficult one for any kind of
design. For example, in the classic TV distribution schemes, much care must be put on avoiding signal
loss due to distance. In this situation, engineers must use amplifiers, normally in the secondary registers.
To perform a structured cabling solution, we will have to use network switches instead of amplifiers.
Note that, at least, switches will not have the “noise amplification” problem that we may have with
several cascaded amplifiers. In the case we want to use IP telephony, nothing else must be done. The
same sockets will be valid for voice or for data applications but users will have to get IP phones (or use
VoIP software on their computers). If we are to use a PBX we will have to take into account voice
cabling. Nevertheless, we have two options: - Using the classic multi-pair cables for the main ducts
(trunk cabling) and single or double pair cables for distribution on each plant. With this solution, phone
sockets will be RJ-11 and we will always use them for voice (with basic analog telephones). - Using the
same UTP (8-wire) cabling of data applications. We will concentrate them in the same rack of the data
cables. Then we will connect data cables to switches and voice ones to the PBX (if there is more than
one RITI we can use multi-pair cables to connect them, the PBX will normally be in the “main” RITI). This
is a more expensive solution but it carries an advantage: we can change a socket (all of them will be RJ-
45 female connectors) from voice to data or vice versa. Note that the advantage of the second solution
is important in corporate environments bur perhaps not so important in residential ones. What’s more,
current regulations specify as compulsory the first solution for voice cabling (we speak of voice cabling
but, nowadays, operators are using it to provide data service through ADSL). So for telephone cabling we
think that in residential environments classic solution will still live for a long time (at least until the ICT
norm is modified) and that future will be in the use of VoIP solutions. See that although we install voice
cabling, users will still be able to use VoIP if there exists data cabling. As we had already commented
before, television distribution is the most doubtful part of our alternative. TV distribution via IP brings
few advantages and causes many problems: - Conversion from broadcast formats to IP is expensive.
Besides that has to be done to “every channel” so that it becomes even more expensive. Services with a
lot of channels (like satellite digital TV) are easily handled in the classical form (where the entire
frequency range is translated to an intermediate frequency and distributed together) but to convert all
the channels to IP streams is nearly impossible. - Network installation and maintenance costs are
increased by the need to support multicast schemes. - Even with multicast, network traffic is increased a
lot. About a minimum of 4 Mbits/second bulk traffic (an uninterrupted stream) will be added for each
channel that some user is viewing at any time. The conclusion is that almost always it will be better to
use the classical solution for the terrestrial and satellite distribution. Only in the case where pay per
view service is very important (like hotels) will be useful to distribute IP video streams. And even in this
case we can have both solutions working together: IP distribution for the pay per view channels and
classical coaxial cabling for the public ones. To reinforce this idea, we must comment that ICT
regulations oblige to install coaxial TV distribution in every residential building. See that figure 4 shows a
room called RITS. This name stands for “Recinto de Instalaciones de Telecomunicaciones Superior”
(Upper Telecommunications Room). This room ...

Bayonet Neill–Concelman
The BNC connector (initialism of "Bayonet Neill–Concelman") is a miniature quick connect/disconnect
radio frequency connector used for coaxial cable. It is designed to maintain the same characteristic
impedance of the cable, with 50 ohm and 75 ohm types being made.

Normal coaxial BNC connectors have two conductors: shield (often ground) and signal (or force). The
points you have labelled as 1 and 2 are both part of the shield contact -- they both touch opposite sides

of the shield on the female BNC connector -- and the point labelled 3 is the signal contact.

What is an RJ45 connector?

RJ45 stands for Registered Jack 45 and is the most commonly used connector in wired networks. The jacks are mainly used to connect
to the Local Area Network (LAN). It was earlier devised for telephones but is now widely used in Ethernet Networking. The 45 in RJ45
basically stands for the listing numbe

What is the difference between BNC and TNC?

 10 ways splitter

The main difference between TNC connector and the BNC connector :

First, the BNC connector connected by bayonet , while the TNC connector connected by threaded , and the threaded connection is
usually robust than the bayonet connection, so the TNC connector can Work at a higher frequency field.

(Low Noise Amplifier) An amplifier that boosts the signal received from an antenna. It is located close to the antenna so
that the signal can be amplified before additional noise is injected from the line and electronic circuits.

A low-noise block downconverter (LNB) is the receiving device mounted on satellite dishes used for
satellite TV reception, which collects the radio waves from the dish and converts them to a signal which
is sent through a cable to the receiver inside the building.

LNBs: What They Do, and How They Work

Satellite television is a miracle of modern technology, delivering clear, crisp picture and sound from
satellites thousands of miles away, captured by a relatively small satellite dish. The electronics that
make this possible are designed to be weatherproof to withstand the test of time, although they do
sometimes need replacing. Other times, you may want to upgrade your dish’s capabilities, and
occasionally that can be done without replacing the entire dish. All you need to do is replace the LNB.

What is an LNB?
How an LNB works. Ever wonder what the difference is between an LNB and a LNBF? See below…

Most of a satellite dish is just plain metal. The only part that contains any electronic components at all
is in the front of the metal arm. It’s generally referred to as an LNB or sometimes LNBF, which stands
for Low-Noise Block downconverter. (Depending on your satellite TV system, it can also perform other
tasks, too.)

An LNB has two important functions: it’s a low-noise amplifier, meaning that it takes the extremely
weak satellite signal and amplifies it. It’s also a block downconverter, meaning it takes the signals on
the super-high satellite frequencies and converts them to lower frequencies. Both functions are
important in order to deliver a satellite signal through a regular cable.

Satellite signals are very weak by the time they travel over 22,000 miles to your dish. The big, round,
“dish” part of your dish acts as a lens, focusing as much signal as possible onto the LNB. The LNB
amplifies that signal and sends it down the cable. There are other functions, too, but they’re not as
important as receiving the signal.

What’s the Difference Between an LNB and a LNBF?

First of all, let’s explain the terminology:

Multicom stocks Single, Twin, Quad and Octo LNBFs

LNB = Low Noise Block down-converter

LNBF = Low Noise Block down-converter plus Feedhorn
A Feedhorn is basically a metal funnel that guides the incoming signal to the actual antenna stub
inside the throat of the LNB.
LNB’s and LNBF’s are both amplifiers used in satellite dishes. As with other signal amplifiers, they take
the very faint signal they receive and magnify it so that it is powerful enough to use. This is the first
step in taking the microwave signal coming from space and turning it into images and sounds for
televisions and computers.

DESIGN
A simple LNB attaches to the feedhorn of a satellite dish. An LNBF is a more highly developed piece of
technology, being a part of the feedhorn itself. For this reason, an LNBF can be smaller than an LNB
with comparable capabilities.

FUNCTION
As you switch channels, the LNB switches polarity through the use of an exterior motor. With an LNBF,
the polarity changes when the receiver changes the voltage going into it. This voltage shift causes it to
switch back and forth between two different antenna probes (horizontal and vertical) within the LNBF
itself.

USE
Larger, older satellite dishes generally use the older LNB’s that are separate from the feedhorn.
Smaller, newer satellite dishes generally use the more compact LNBF’s. Because the industry has
shifted almost completely to the use of LNBF’s, many actually do not even make the “F” distinction
anymore, as LNBF’s are completely replacing LNB’s anyway.

CHAPTER THREE

The stable operation of devices working within computer networks is an absolute necessity. Any
interruption creates a serious problem and may cause damage to the equipment or a loss of data.
Installation of an electrical system dedicated entirely to the needs of a given computer

network and connected to a safe power supply is the best

and safest solution. It comprises a system which is separated from the general electrical wiring. Such an
installation is meant not only to guarantee the supply of power at prescribed parameters, but also to
ensure the safety of data exchange. A dedicated electrical installation will ensure efficient operation of a
computer network, which means that every computer, printer should always be supplied with electricity
from a properly inspected and separate power supply.

Medium and low voltage electrical installations

Proper supply of electrical energy depends to a large extent on proper functioning of MV installations,
which supply power locally of outlets. A MV system which has been properly designed and installed in

accordance with binding regulations will ensure safety, comfort

of power supply and a possibility of later development of a low voltage installation. Installations of this
type constitute a complete infrastructure which ensures distribution and supply of electricity to
electrical devices rated at 230/400V.and also transform it to the voltage

Lighting, equipotential bonding and emergency lighting installations

Lighting installation is a basic type of electrical installation. It is important to properly design and install
the lighting system in conformity with all the standards and requirements with respect to: its
functionality, aesthetic appeal and durability. A wide selection of lighting equipment allows for designing
and installation of smart and energy efficient lighting systems. Lighting installation serves a very
important role, since its functionality, aesthetic appeal and ensured comfort of work all depend on the
proper selection of lighting fixtures, their arrangement and their control system.

Equipotential bonding connections are indispensable in all facilities, since they reduce the hazardous
voltage which may appear under fault conditions between various devices to acceptable values. Missing
or poorly executed equipotential bonding, be it the main or the supplementary (local) one, may cause
direct electric shock or damage to the equipment connected to the electrical installation in a given
building. Both equipotential bonding and earthing systems are applied to ensure safety of people
present in a given facility.
UPS units and power generators installation

Outdoor lightning installation plays a special role by dissipating part of the lightning current into the
earth. Designing and executing a lightning protection system which is both efficient and effective and
most of all adapted to a particular facility and atmospheric conditions prevailing in a given area is a task
that requires a lot technical knowledge. Installation of lightning protection system is essential to ensure
safety and to prevent substantial economic losses caused by lightning current. Every building should
have lightning protection system installed .In the case of a direct or indirect lightning strike, the lack or
badly executed lightning protection system may cause irreversible damages to the electrical installation
in a facility and to the electrical equipment supplied by the installation.

There are sites which require power supply, no matter

whether it is already provided from an external power grid, or not. Power supply breaks must prevented
in: hospitals, banks, airports, telecommunication and IT centres, because even a short power failure may
lead to huge financial losses. It is only the installation of UPS or power generators that can provide a
constant flow of power to such institutions. Such installations, however, require the energy from a
backup (secondary) power source to be of the highest quality possible, and its efficiency and run time to
be long enough. For this very reason it is so important to choose the right equipment for a given
institution, so that the performance parameters of such equipment meet the user’s needs. This kind of
installations should be carefully designed and regularly tested and controlled.

CHAPTER FOUR

LAN and WAN networks

 Computer networks can be installed at home, in a housing
estate, in an office or an industrial plant, which allows for the use of the same devices and applications
by a number of users. LAN networks must ensure high throughput, high scalability and high reliability.
The application of appropriate techniques ensures a safe data transfer and allows for virtual marking off
of a certain part of service provider network and assigning it to a given user. Properly configured ICT
network allows not only for data transfer, but also voice and video transfer, which can be important
when e.g. conducting a video conference. A computer network enables users to access common
applications, e-mail servers and allows people to work at a distance (remote working).

Structured cabling systems

Its versatility lies in the use of the same type cables,

connectors and plugs in all the systems within a given facility. The signal carrying cable used in the
structural cabling is a twisted pair cable, either unshielded UTP, or shielded FTP or STP, depending on
the conditions it is going to work in. Depending on actual needs, each end point within structured
cabling can facilitate connection to any system through a simple switch over patch cords in the patch
panel. This cabling system comprises a whole set of components facilitating easy management of the
whole cabling infrastructure and it can work with any network system or telecommunications system.

Fibre optic cabling

Fibre optic cabling is applied in places where there are physical limitations with respect to the length of
the copper cable or where high bandwidth network communication is required. Galvanic isolation is an
important property of fibre optic cabling, which means that the transmitter and the receiver are

electrically isolated from each other. It ensures protection

against possible damage to one of the devices due to power surges. Because data in fibre optic cables is
carried by light, such transmissions are immune to electromagnetic field exposure, including
interference

Telephone installations

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) works on a

circuit-switching basis (phone lines). Telephone installations connect the phone subscriber with the
operator of the fixed line telephony. Private branch exchange (PBX) systems are applied in structures
holding a large number of subscribers. The installation for telephone data transmission system can be
executed in a conventional way with the use of telephone cable or by integrating the telephone network
with the structured cabling system. Structured cabling system is applied in state-of-the-art buildings and
new residential areas. One of the advantages of this solution is that it allows for the use of modern
digital technologies. Building a modern integrated telephone installation will allow for suitable
adaptability. A well-executed telephone installation with properly configured internal telephone
exchanges ensures that the network will work efficiently.

Wireless local area networks (WLAN radio access network)

 Wireless local area networks comprise of proper
transmitters and receivers and their connections work by using infrared or radio signal. The infrared
transmission uses broadband which allows for a transfer of signals at high frequencies. Narrowband
radio transmission requires that both the transmitter and the receiver work on the same narrowband
frequency and the signal is spread through obstacles within a significant area. Broadband radio
transmission works by generating a broadband signal whose current arrangement is described by means
of a code common for the transmitter and the receiver. Whereas microwave transmission is a system
comprising of two directional antennas pointing directly at each other. They send a beam of
electromagnetic waves and concentrate the received waves to a focal point. Depending on the needs,
one or more selected wireless network systems can be applied, including their connection to the local
computer network.

CHAPTER FIVE

Buildings Management Systems (BMS)

The Building Automation and Management Systems

feature technologically advanced solutions for the effective control of installations fixed in a given
building. BMS is an integrated system which allows for monitoring and management of all devices and
systems which are in a given building and its environment. BMS is an important element of intelligent
building. BMS gathers data across the whole building into a central resource and allows for real time
reaction to changes of external and internal environment conditions, so as to achieve optimal energy
and media consumption and to improve functionality, safety and comfort. Building management
systems are designed to do the following: integrate, monitor, control and optimise the functioning of
installations or technical devices within buildings. BMS systems perform the following functions: indoor
and outdoor lighting control, room temperature control, ventilation control, filtration and climate
control, alarm and monitoring systems control, UPS control, smoke ventilation system control, fire flaps
control and monitoring, other building automation systems integration.

Burglary and intrusion alarm system

Burglary and Intrusion Alarm System is the basis of the

fully integrated solution of security systems. Integration of all security applications ensures quick
detection, identification, notification and reaction in the case of a security infringement in a building.
When the security zone is breached, motion detectors and window contact sensors will send alarm
signals to the management centre, as a result of which the security personnel can react immediately.
Alarms reported and sent in real time allow for faster reaction and ensure better protection of persons
and property. When selecting devices working as part of the intrusion and burglary alarm system we
take into account the type of protected areas, their purpose, the risk factor, required sensitivity and
reliability. A wide range of sensors, modern security control distribution panels, optical and acoustic
signalling devices and alarm transmission equipment allow for generation of alarm messages addressed
to security guards .In the case of burglary, assault, fire, gas leak, flooding or water leaks the alarm
system can discreetly inform about the fact or activate alarm sirens located inside and outside a given
facility. It can also report the information automatically by phone or radio to security guards, police or
other persons indicated by the subscriber or to the agent of the computer security centre in the facility.
Burglary and intrusion alarm system will work efficiently provided that it consists of certified devices of
suitable quality. These devices work continuously 24/7 and the effective operation of the whole system
depends crucially on their reliability.
Access control systems

Access control systems encompass a number of technical solutions whose aim is to ensure that
authorised people can move freely within a facility and that unauthorised persons are prevented from
entering it. Depending on the user’s needs such a solution can be either a simple device to monitor

the movement of people or a completely specialist system to

manage the whole building and its security systems. Regardless of the type of protected facility, one of
the basic safety rules is to control the flow of people moving within designated areas.

Pursuant to the binding provisions of law there is a statutory duty for

a number of facility types to have fire alarm systems. Fire detection and fire alarm systems help to
detect fire at its earliest possible stage. Once the information has been recorded the fire alarm system
notifies the National Fire Service or a monitoring station and, by doing that, the system increases safety
in the facility. All the steps which need to be taken in order to achieve the best level of security can be
unified in a homogenous system by connecting fire control dedicated distribution panels with well-
matched sensors and actuators. It is possible to integrate fire detection and fire alarm systems with
other systems incorporated in the building management system.

Time and attendance systems

 Time and attendance systems (TAS) support the
management of a company of any business profile. Such systems can cooperate with payroll and
personnel systems, helping to calculate working hours, to track when employees enter and leave the
building, or come late, to record their overtime hours and breaks. They allow for constant monitoring of
attendance figures, compiling many types of reports and planning work schedules (breaks, overtime
hours, days-off). Connecting the TAS to access control systems or other security systems raises security
of the company and improves organization of work. A well-thought out and precisely configured time
and attendance system limits time and financial outlays spent on the monthly calculation of the working
time of employees.

Closed-circuit Television (CCTV) Surveillance System

A CCTV system is a valuable supplement to other security systems. It is used to keep the building or area
under surveillance allowing for visual verification of events taking place within specified area, which is
vitally important to provide the appropriate level of security. Additionally, CCTV operates effectively
with other security systems, such as: burglary alarm systems, fire detection and fire alarm systems,
access control systems and allows for immediate reaction of Security Company.

A well-designed and installed closed circuit television surveillance

system increases safety in a given facility. The intelligent video system which we offer does not cause
too much load: surveillance data is automatically analyzed and marked and alarms are sent to the
operators only in the case of detecting any irregularities. Real time information displays allow for
immediate identification of safety zones violations, thus enabling a rapid reaction aimed to provide a
safe environment.

Guard control systems

G uard control systems have been designed to monitor the
work of companies hired to protect property. Guard control system provides an organisation with the
ability to locate the guard, which are possible thanks to close co-operation with GSM network operators.
Although it was originally designed to supervise guards, it allows for a much wider range of applications
in warehouse systems, logistics, work time control, control of the tasks involved in the periodic
inspections of equipment. It is a notification system in the event of situations requiring immediate
reaction and assistance, it is used instead of burglary notification devices.

Public address systems

Public address system is used to broadcast voice alerts or to

deliver messages within various types of facilities ranging from office buildings, stadiums, shop floors,
airports, railway stations, bus stations to retail structures. Depending on the purpose, they allow for
automatic transmission of warning notices ascribed to certain events, live announcements or music.
Such systems are adapted to be interoperable with fire alarm systems; they ensure efficient evacuation
of a building and effective transmission of warning notices. By installing such a system one can minimize
the effects of panic response to an emergency and increase security of people in many situations. The
system is an important complement to the other security systems in a given facility.

Comprehensive Solutions

ICT infrastructure for e-commerce

 ICT infrastructure provides a technical basis for the
information and communications technology solutions. It allows for digital transmission of both data
and voice. A network which we create will be the framework affecting the efficient operation of our
whole business or institution. Thus, a properly designed or executed infrastructure is fundamental for an
efficiently functioning ICT system. Electronic commerce involves all business processes conducted
electronically. E-commerce does not apply only to transactions conducted electronically, but it
encompasses all processes leading to such a transaction. If you run an e-commerce store it is necessary
to ensure that transaction systems operate faultlessly. Engineers who design and implement ICT
infrastructures reinforcing e-commerce must properly develop and execute the security controls of the
weak spots of the system.

Technical installations in multifamily residential buildings

Multifamily residential buildings should be equipped with a

telecommunications installation enabling the residents to have access to telecom services, including
data transmission service using broadband Internet, access to television and radio programmes
distribution services, including high-definition TV channels, supplied by a number of providers whilst
ensuring compatibility and a possibility to connect this installation to public telecommunications
networks and respecting the principle of technological neutrality. Modern housing estates have well-
designed lighting and power supply systems, telephone installations, voice or video entry phones, fire
detection and fire alarm systems with 24/7 monitoring service, cable TV and fixed Internet delivery. All
the systems listed above can operate thanks to suitable installations which have been properly designed
and carefully executed.

Intelligent control and management of all the systems in a building

 An intelligent building has a system of sensors and
detectors, as well as an integrated management system of all the building installations. Thanks to the
information provided by different components of the system, the building can react to changes of
external and internal environment conditions, which maximises functionality, comfort and safety and, at
the same time, minimises operating and modernisation costs and limits the emission of harmful
pollutants. An IT system monitors proper operation of all the vital elements in a building and,
consequently, the running costs of the building will always be kept under control. The system is aimed to
integrate, control, monitor, optimise and to report about the following building services: IT network,
indoor and outdoor lighting control depending on the number of people present in the rooms and on
the people flow, heating control in separate rooms, control of ventilation, air-conditioning and filtration
with respect to air quality parameters, occupancy simulation, protection of life and property, security
system and monitoring services, fire alarm system, access control system, UPS system, weather system,
production management system, control of audio-video devices and other household appliances,
advanced personalisation system, smoke ventilation system, fire flaps control and monitoring.

Local computer networks with fixed Internet delivery in housing estates

The main role of a local computer network in a housing

estate is to provide Internet access to the users. To build such a local computer network the central unit
of such a network needs to be prepared and equipped with suitable devices and cables need to laid in a
building or an estate. A cable to transmit data to computers is led to each flat and the central unit of the
local network is connected to the Internet. Once the computers have been properly configured, each
resident has an easy and fast access to the Internet. Additionally, the central unit may be furnished with
a server, which will enable the users to take advantage of plenty new services.
Server rooms

A server room is a dedicated room housing computer

servers, as well as active and passive components of computer networks. Such devices are usually stored
in rack cabinets located in server rooms. Server rooms are equipped with sensors for measuring
environmental variables in order to automatically monitor and adjust the indoor microclimate. To keep
equipment in continuous operation server rooms use dual (or multiple) power supplies and the systems
of uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In the case of Internet servers several connections to different
Internet Service Providers are applied to ensure accessibility even in the event that one of the
connections breaks down. Server rooms are equipped with special technological floors (raised and
modular) facilitating cable routing to rack cabinets.

Fundamentals of ICT for Installers and Designers

Are you considering starting a career as a cable installer or an information and communications
technology (ICT) designer? Or do you have employees who need to know how ICT systems work? Or
have you been in the industry for a while, but feel like you could use a refresher on some of the basics?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, the ICT Fundamentals Series or individual courses may be
just what you need.