1

SELF-LOADING MOBILE CONCRETE MIXER

 Serial No.FROM H25P70 TO H25P95

USE AND MAINTENANCE HANDBOOK

2007 edition

pA
Via A. Volta, 2 - 30020 NOVENTA DI PIAVE (VE) - Tel +39-0421-65191 - Fax +39-0421-658838





No part of this handbook may be reproduced, copied or circulated by any

means whatsoever without written permission from Metalgalante.
The figures, descriptions, references and technical data contained in this
handbook are for guidance only and may not be considered as binding.
Metalgalante reserves the right to make any changes it thinks fit, as part of its
ongoing search for quality and safety, without necessarily updating this
handbook.
2

IMPORTANT

NEVER USE THE MACHINE WITHOUT HAVING READ THE INSTRUCTIONS

CONTAINED IN THIS HANDBOOK.

MAKE SURE THAT THE HANDBOOK IN YOUR POSSESSION

CORRESPONDS TO THE MACHINE THAT YOU INTEND TO WORK WITH.

NEVER MAKE ALTERATIONS TO THE MACHINE AND NEVER INSTALL

ACCESSORIES OTHER THAN THOSE APPROVED BY METALGALANTE.

MAKE SURE THAT THERE ARE NO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS WITHIN

THE RANGE OF ACTION OF THE MACHINE.

NEVER WORK ON THE EDGE OF AN OVERHANG OR DITCH, OR ON A

STEEP GRADIENT.

NEVER ALLOW UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS TO CLIMB ON BOARD OR

OPERATE THE MACHINE.

NEVER PERFORM ANY CLEANING, REPAIRS OR MAINTENANCE WITH

THE ENGINE ON OR WITH THE SHOVEL RAISED BUT WITHOUT THE
APPROPRIATE ACCIDENT-PREVENTION DEVICES INSTALLED.

YOU ARE ADVISED TO PERIODICALLY REREAD THE

RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING SAFETY TO AVOID NEGLECTING
ANYTHING: THE BEST OPERATORS COMPLY WITH THE SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS.

METALGALANTE HAS BASED ITS PRODUCTION ON A POLICY OF

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT. IT THEREFORE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO
MAKE CHANGES TO THE FEATURES OF THE MACHINE WITHOUT
NOTICE.

METALGALANTE ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGE TO

THIRD PARTIES OR PROPERTY DUE TO MISUSE OF THE MACHINE,
INEXPERIENCE, CARELESSNESS, OR NEGLIGENCE, OR DUE TO
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE INDICATIONS GIVEN IN THIS
HANDBOOK.

METALGALANTE ALSO ACCEPTS NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY

DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN THE FEATURES OF THE MACHINE AND THE
DESCRIPTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS PUBLICATION.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 GENERAL INFORMATION page 7

1.1 Preface “ 7

1.2 Symbols used in the handbook “ 7

1.3 Identification of the equipment “ 8

1.3.1 Manufacturer “ 8
1.3.2 Machine type and model “ 8
1.3.3 Nameplate “ 8
1.3.4 Chassis stamp “ 9

1.4 Description of the main parts of the machine and their

respective positions “ 10
1.5 Warranty “ 11

1.6 Intended uses “ 12

1.7 Improper use “ 12

1.8 Noise level “ 12

1.9 Delivery report “ 13

2 SAFETY “ 21

2.1 Information on safety “ 21

2.2 Requirements for the machine operator “ 21

2.3 Working clothes “ 22

2.4 General safety requirements “ 22

2.4.1 Accident prevention “ 22
2.4.2 Fire prevention “ 24
2.4.3 Tires and wheels “ 25
2.4.4 Stability “ 26

2.5 List of safety precautions “ 27

2.5.1 General safety “ 27
2.5.2 Operating safety “ 28
2.5.3 Safety during maintenance operations “ 32

2.6 Adhesive safety labels and their position on the machine “ 37

2.6.1 Meanings of the safety labels “ 39

2.7 Safety devices to use for protection during maintenance work “ 40

4

3 OPERATION “ 47

3.1 Introduction “ 47

3.2 Before climbing onto the machine “ 47

3.3 Climbing into the driver’s cab “ 48

3.4 Adjusting the seat “ 48

3.5 Driving and controls “ 49

3.5.1 Controls “ 49
3.6 Mixer operation control levers “ 58

3.7 Water delivery system “ 59

3.8 Before starting the engine “ 63

3.9 Starting the engine “ 64

3.9.1 Starting up a cold engine and a warm “ 65
3.10 Starting the engine with a reserve battery “ 66

3.11 Disconnecting the battery “ 68

3.12 Checking the efficiency of the parking brake “ 68

3.13 Moving the machine “ 69

3.14 Machine operating cycle “ 71

3.15 Stopping and parking the machine “ 73

3.16 Handling a machine that has broken down “ 73

3.17 Loading and transporting the machine “ 76

3.18 Transit by road “ 77

3.19 Lengthy periods of inactivity “ 77

3.20 Disposing of the machine “ 77

3.21 ROPS/FOPS cab “ 78

3.21.1 Cab accessories 78
3.22 Seat belt 78

3.23 Lifting the machine 79

3.24 Version with 4 steering wheels 79

3.24.1 Steering modes 79
3.24.2 Choosing the type of steering 79

4 MAINTENANCE “ 85

4.1 Lubricants - Hygiene and safety requirements “ 85

4.1.1 Hygiene “ 85
4.1.2 Storage “ 85
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4.1.3 Disposal “ 85
4.1.4 Spillages “ 85
4.1.5 First aid “ 85
4.1.6 Fire “ 86
4.2 Scheduled maintenance “ 86

4.3 Before doing maintenance “ 88

4.3.1 Safety devices “ 88
4.3.2 Disconnecting the battery and welding “ 91
4.3.3 Ensuring that the machine is stable “ 91
4.4 Greasing “ 91
4.4.1 Diagram of lubrication points “ 92
4.5 Tires and wheels “ 93

4.6 Brakes “ 94

4.7 Engine air filter “ 95

4.7.1 Cleaning the prefilter “ 96
4.7.2 Replacing or cleaning the main filter cartridge “ 96
4.7.3 Replacing the safety cartridge “ 98
4.8 Engine cooling system “ 98

4.9 Hydraulic system “ 100

4.9.1 Checking the oil level and changing the oil “ 101
4.9.2 Changing filters “ 101
4.9.3 Pressure control points in the hydraulic circuits
and their normal values “ 103
4.10 Front and rear axles “ 106
4.10.1 Checking and changing the oil in the differential
gears “ 106
4.10.2 Checking and changing the oil in the wheel
reduction gears “ 107
4.11 Checking and changing the oil in the gearbox “ 108

4.12 Checking and changing the oil in the drum rotation “ 109
reduction gear
4.13 Checking and changing the oil in the drum assembly “ 110
reduction gear
4.14 Water delivery system “ 111
4.14.1 Cleaning the outside filter “ 111
4.14.2 Cleaning the filter on the high pressure pump (optional) “ 111
4.14.3 Washing the drum “ 111
4.14.4 Eliminating solid concrete scraps “ 112

4.15 Fuel system “ 112

4.15.1 Type of fuel “ 112
4.15.2 Filling the fuel tank “ 113
6

4.16 Electric system “ 114

4.16.1 Battery “ 114
4.16.2 Fuses and relays “ 115
4.16.3 Light bulbs “ 117
4.16.4 General fuse “ 117
4.17 Troubleshooting “ 118

4.18 Weighing system (Optional) “ 123

4.18.1 Electrical connection “ 124

5 FEATURES, TABLES AND DIAGRAMS “ 131

5.1 Overall sizes and weights “ 131

5.2. Technical features “ 132

5.2.1 Capacities “ 132
5.2.2 Steering “ 132
5.2.3 Speed “ 132
5.2.4 Engine “ 133
5.2.5 Chassis “ 133
5.2.6 Axles and gearbox “ 133
5.2.7 Brakes “ 134
5.2.8 Loading shovel “ 134
5.2.9 Drum assembly “ 134
5.2.10 Chute assembly “ 134
5.2.11 Mixer operation water pump “ 134
5.2.12 High pressure water pump “ 134
5.2.13 Water system “ 134
5.2.14 Electric system “ 134
5.2.15 Exchanger “ 134
5.3 Table of torque wrench settings for the nuts and bolts “ 135

5.4 Table of tire pressures “ 136

5.5 Table of lubricants “ 136

5.6 Scheduled maintenance timetable “ 137

5.7 Hydraulic circuit diagrams “ 139

5.7.1 Drum rotating hydraulic circuit diagram “ 139
5.7.2. Drive system hydraulic circuit diagram “ 140
5.7.3 Diagram of hydraulic system for power steering
and servo-controlled mixer operation “ 141
5.7.4 Diagram of hydraulic system for mixer operations “ 142
5.7.5 Diagram of hydraulic system for steering “ 143
5.8 Electric wiring diagrams “ 144
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1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 PREFACE

This handbook is intended mainly for operators of the machine and is intended
to provide information on the operation of the machine and indicate certain rules
to ensure that they work in conditions of safety.
The handbook must therefore be made available to any person involved in
operating the machine, performing maintenance, or coming into contact with the
machine in any other way. If any explanation in this handbook is not entirely
clear, consult your nearest CARMIX dealer.
Because of its general approach, the handbook does not include full details on
all the various operations and does not claim to have catered for all the possible
uses of the machine.
It is important to bear in mind that it is the operators' responsibility:
- to judge whether the machine is in a safe condition;
- to take any special precautions in the way they use the machine, according
to the conditions at the job-site;
- to consider whether there are any particular conditions in which it is
inadvisable to use the machine.

Page numbering
The system used for numbering the pages in this handbook is not in a
continuous sequence: about a dozen pages have been left free for use in future
editions of the handbook in the event of any additions being made.

1.2 SYMBOLS USED IN THE HANDBOOK

This handbook uses two types of "graphic safety symbol" for the purpose of
emphasizing important information on two different levels.

DANGER
This indicates a potential hazard. Failure to take suitable precautions may lead
to severe or even fatal accidents for the operator and/or third parties.

IMPORTANT
This calls the reader's attention to situations or problems concerning the
efficiency of the machine, but which do not pose any personal safety risk.
8

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE EQUIPMENT

1.3.1 MANUFACTURER

METALGALANTE S.p.A.

Via A. Volta - 2
30020 Noventa di Piave - VE
Tel +39-0421-65191 - Fax +39-0421-658838

1.3.2 MACHINE TYPE AND MODEL

- SELF-LOADING MOBILE CONCRETE MIXER mod. CARMIX 3.5 TT

1.3.3. NAMEPLATE (and its position on the machine)

The nameplate for identifying the machine (fig. 1.02) is situated on the right-
hand side of the chassis, as illustrated in fig. 1.01.

fig. 1.01

fig. 1.02
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1.3.4 CHASSIS STAMP

Figure 1.03 shows the point on the chassis where the serial number of the
machine is stamped.

fig. 1.03

IMPORTANT
In the event of requesting information on maintenance or ordering spare parts,
always specify the mixer’s serial number. This is important because different
components may have been used, or it may be necessary to use different repair
procedures, depending on the serial number concerned.
10

1.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN PARTS OF THE

MACHINE AND THEIR RESPECTIVE POSITIONS
RIGHT SIDE VIEW

REAR FRONT

1. Engine hood 2. Oil tank 3. * Mixing drum

4. Shovel 5. Arms 6. ROPS/FOPS cab
7. Right front wheel 8. Right water tank

LEFT SIDE VIEW

9. * Chute for unloading 10. * Conveyor 11. * Rotating chute bearing

12. * Chute assembly support 13. Drum assembly rotation chassis 14. Diesel fuel tank
15. Tool box 16. Left water tank 17. Shovel cover

* DRUM ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS

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1.5 WARRANTY

When it markets new products, METALGALANTE provides assurance of their

quality by means of its warranty coverage.

The warranty confirms that the machine has been made using only the best
technologies and the best-quality materials. It is therefore applicable providing
that:

1) the machine is used in a manner that fully complies with the instructions
given in this handbook;

2) no alterations are made to the machine without written permission from the
manufacturer;

3) the vehicle undergoes routine maintenance and lubrication in compliance

with the manufacturer's recommendations;

4) any faulty components are returned to the manufacturer for inspection

before acknowledging the warranty. Metalgalante reserves the right to
replace or repair any faulty parts.

The warranty does not cover second-hand machines.

As a result of the ongoing development of its products, Metalgalante reserves

the right to make changes at any time and without notice.
The information, specifications and instructions published in this handbook are
based on the information available at the time of its preparation.
You are therefore recommended to make sure that you have the right handbook
for your machine. For further details, consult your local CARMIX dealer.

If any unauthorized alterations or changes have been made to the machine, or if

the machine has been used in any way other than the use for which it was
designed, or if it has not been driven and maintained adequately, Metalgalante
will accept no responsibility whatsoever for any damage or accidents caused
directly or indirectly by the machine.
It is therefore essential to comply strictly with the use and maintenance
instructions given in this handbook.

If it proves necessary to replace any components, it is essential to use only

original spare parts.
The warranty is automatically forfeited if non-original spare parts are used.

DANGER
Failure to use original spare parts can cause damage to the machine and give
rise to hazardous situations.
12

1.6 INTENDED USES

The CARMIX 3.5 TT self-loading machine has been designed and

manufactured for mixing, transporting and unloading concrete.
It can operate on a hardstanding or off the road, providing the gradient of any
slope comes within the established limits (see item 2.4.4)

1.7 IMPROPER USE

Improper use means any use of the machine following operating criteria that are
hazardous for the operator or for any other persons and, more generally, any
use that fails to comply with the instructions contained in this handbook.

IMPROPER USE OF THE MACHINE IS STRICTLY

PROHIBITED

DANGER
The following is a list of typical cases of improper use:
- working underground;
- working in potentially explosive environments;
- transporting passengers;
- failing to comply strictly with the use and maintenance instructions given in
this handbook;
- working beyond the usage limits of the machine;
- working on the edge of pits excavated for laying foundations;
- using the shovel for leveling the ground;
- using the shovel for lifting loads;
- using the shovel for lifting people;
- using the vehicle for towing.

1.8 NOISE LEVEL

Tests have been carried out in compliance with the EEC directive 2000/14/CE
and with the regulation UNI 11023, to measure the equivalent noise level. The
results obtained are given in the table below.

- Guaranteed sound power level (LwA) .............................……….... 111 dB

- Sound pressure level in the driver's seat (LpA) .................…............. 83 dB

Guaranteed sound power level LwA is indicated on the machine beside the
nameplate CE (fig. 1.01) through an adhesive label.
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1.9 DELIVERY REPORT

It is the dealer’s responsibility to explain the contents of the delivery report to
the end-user.
It is also up to the dealer to fill in the form that the end-user must sign to confirm
receipt of the goods. The delivery report must then be sent back to the
manufacturer. Failure to do so will invalidate the guarantee.

IMPORTANT
The purpose of the delivery report is to ensure that the end-user has been
correctly instructed on the use of the machine and that the machine is in good
working order and in conditions of total safety.
 21

2 - SAFETY

2.1 INFORMATION ON SAFETY

Most accidents occurring during the use of machinery are due to failure to
comply with the most fundamental safety and accident-prevention rules.
Accidents can almost always be prevented by a timely consideration of the
potential hazard of a given situation.

DANGER
Before starting work with the machine, and before doing any maintenance
whatsoever, it is essential for the operator to have read and fully understood the
contents of this handbook.

2.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MACHINE OPERATOR

The person using the machine must be competent and must necessarily have
the following features:

PHYSICAL : good eyesight, coordination and the capacity to perform all

the functions required for the use of the machine in total
safety.

DANGER
Before and during operations with the machine, operators must drink no
alcoholic beverages and take no medication or any other substances that might
interfere with their concentration.

MENTAL : the capacity to understand and apply the specified

requirements, rules and safety precautions. Operators must
be aware and capable of using their judgment for their own
and other people's safety. They must be determined to
perform the work properly and with a sense of responsibility.

TRAINING : they must have read and fully understood this handbook, any
attached drawings and diagrams, and any notices and
warning signs. They must be properly trained in all aspects
of the machine's use and maintenance.
22

2.3 WORKING CLOTHES

DANGER
Failure to use suitable clothing can lead to severe accidents.

While operating the machine, and particularly while performing maintenance or

repairs, it is essential to use the following clothing and accident-prevention
material:
- overalls or similar comfortable clothing that is not too loose and has no parts
that could become entangled in moving parts of the machine. The cuffs must
be buttoned;
- protective hand gloves and a sound-proofing headset;
- goggles or a mask for protecting the eyes and face;
- accident-proof footwear;
- a helmet for head protection;
- no neckties or scarves; long hair must be tied up.

DANGER
Use only test-approved material in a good state of wear and tear.

2.4 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

DANGER
Do not operate the machine if the safety requirements are not met.
Always keep this handbook with the machine.
If you have to take emergency action during work, choose or prepare a firm, flat
area of suitable size to work in.
When the machine is working, do not come within the range of action of the
machine or any of its accessories.

2.4.1 ACCIDENT PREVENTION

- Do not make adjustments while the machine is in motion or while the engine
is running unless this is unavoidable.

- When you work underneath the equipment, it is essential to provide for

suitable support and not to rely on the hydraulic cylinders for supporting the
equipment. Any item of equipment can fall if a control lever is accidentally
moved or if a pipe breaks.

- Keep your distance from any rotating or other moving parts.

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- The blades of the exchanger fan will throw off any object falling or being
pushed within their range of action.

- Do not use worn cables. Always wear gloves for handling steel cables.

- If they are hit hard, sealing caps can jump out, causing injury to anyone
nearby. Keep the workplace clear.

- Protect your eyes with suitable goggles to avoid injury when hitting studs and
metal parts in general.

- Steel objects can release splinters when they are hit. Before using the
hammer on any type of object, make sure that no-one in the vicinity can be
hit by splinters.

- At its working temperature, the refrigerant is hot and under pressure. The
radiator and all the heat exchanger and engine piping contain hot water,
steam or hot oil. Avoid any risk of contact with the skin to prevent severe
burns.

- Check the level of the refrigerant only when the engine is at a standstill and
the radiator cap is cold enough to be touched with your bare hands.

- Remove the cooling circuit filler cap slowly so as to gradually release the
pressure.

- The refrigerant contains alkalis. It is not suitable for drinking. Avoid contact
with the skin and eyes to prevent personal injury.

- Before draining the oil or refrigerant, allow the system components to cool
down.

- Hot oil and overheated machine components can cause injury and burns.
Avoid any contact with the skin.

- At the working temperature, the hydraulic tank becomes hot and may be
under pressure.

- Only remove the filler cap on the hydraulic tank when the engine is at a
standstill and when it is cold enough to be touched with your bare hands.

- Unscrew the hydraulic tank cap slowly so as to gradually release the

pressure.

- The electrolyte in the battery is an acid. Avoid contact with the skin and eyes.
24

- The nameplate, the stickers concerning the use of the controls, and the
hazard warnings must not be removed, concealed or made illegible.

- Any safety devices adopted, such as the one for protecting the control levers,
the cut-off valves, the protective cover, etc., must not be removed unless this
proves necessary for maintenance operations, in which case they must be
removed with the engine at a standstill. The engine must not be started
again until the safety devices have been put back in place.

- During maintenance or adjustments to certain parts of the machine, do not

use your hands for performing operations for which specific tools are
available.

- During working operations, do not allow several people to give instructions

and signals at the same time. Any instructions and signaling must be done
by one person only.

- Pay attention to any overhead electric lines, especially when loading the
mixer on a truck.

- Do not allow unauthorized persons to take any action whatsoever on the

machine.

- Only get on or off the mixer when it is at a standstill.

- Keep the steps and handles clean and free of any traces of oil, grease, mud
or snow to keep any risk of slipping or tripping to a minimum. Clean your
hands and shoes of any mud, grease or oil before climbing onto or working
with the machine.
Climb onto the mixer exclusively with the aid of the grips provided.
Never use the controls or flexible conduits as grips: these components are
mobile and cannot offer a reliable grip. In addition, any unwitting shifting of a
control lever can cause an accidental machine movement.

- Turn on and drive the machine only after you have seated yourself properly
in the driver's cab and fastened the seat belt correctly (CE version).

2.4.2 FIRE PREVENTION

- Fuels and lubricants are flammable.

- Do not smoke while refueling or while in the refueling area.

- If necessary, several batteries can be connected together.

If you make use of bridging cables to start the engine from an outside energy
source, always connect the batteries in parallel: positive (+) to positive and
negative (-) to negative.
 25

- To avoid damaging the electric circuitry, use only an outside source at 12

Volts.

- Clean and tighten all the electric connections.

- Before using the machine, make sure that all the electric wires are in good
order and, if necessary, repair or replace them.

- Do not weld or flame-cut any connectors or pipes containing flammable

fluids. First clean the pipe element with a non-flammable liquid.

- Oil and grease stains can be a severe fire hazard. Clean them before they
can build up.

- Carefully check any pipes and connectors containing fluids under high
pressures.

- Make sure that there is no rubbing between piping components.

- Immediately repair any pipes, connectors or other components of the fuel

and lubricant lines if they appear loose or damaged. Any leaks can cause
fire.

2.4.3 TIRES AND WHEELS

DANGER
Tires that are under excessive pressure or have overheated can explode,
causing severe personal injury and damage to property.
Do not cut or weld the wheel rims.
For any repair work, consult a specialist.

DANGER
On a new machine, or every time you change the tires, check the torque setting
on the wheel nuts every four working hours until they have settled completely.
Every day, before starting work, check that the wheel nuts are tight.
The correct torque settings are given in item 4.5.

DANGER

Lifting the machine on jacks

Always apply wedges to the wheels that remain standing on the ground.
Otherwise the machine may slip off the jacks and crush the person underneath.
Never work under the machine while it is supported on the jacks alone. Instead,
provide suitable additional support under the axles. Always bear in mind that the
rear axle is of the rocking type.
26

2.4.4 STABILITY
DANGER
Despite an excellent distribution of the weights on the four wheels, for safety
reasons THE MACHINE MUST NOT BE USED ON GRADIENTS IN EXCESS
OF 30% LENGTHWISE AND 10% CROSSWISE.

fig. 2.01

Said maximum gradients are applicable to firm and solid ground.

- When operating on a slope, the machine MUST ONLY be used in first gear
(working gear).

- During operation, the drum must be kept in the loading position.

- The drum assembly can only be turned with respect to the longitudinal axis
of the machine when the machine is at a standstill and is working on flat, firm
ground.

DANGER
If the above requirements are not complied with, the machine may topple over,
causing severe, and even fatal personal injury. Always fasten the seat belt
before taking any action with the machine (CE version).

DANGER
Version with 4 steering wheels
When operating in the 4 steering wheels mode never turn the steering wheel
abruptly while at near maximum speed, in order to avoid the risk of toppling over.
When in transit on the road, use only the 2 steering wheels mode.
 27

2.5 LIST OF SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2.5.1 GENERAL SAFETY

DANGER

Handbook
In order to avoid causing accidents to yourself and others, read this handbook
carefully before proceeding with using or doing maintenance on the machine.
Pay particular attention to the instructions concerning safety. For any further
explanations, consult your employer or dealer.
Look after this handbook and keep it in good condition. It must always be kept
in the driver's cab when the machine is in use. Never use the machine if in
doubt about the operation of any of its component parts.

DANGER

Stickers
Failure to comply with the instructions given on the stickers can lead to
accident. Keep the stickers clean and replace any illegible or lost stickers before
starting to operate the machine. Check that any spare parts are complete with
any relevant safety signs.

DANGER

Clothing
Failure to use suitable clothing can lead to accidents and excessively loose
clothing can become entangled in the machinery. Wear protective clothing
suited to the type of work, e.g. a helmet, safety footwear, safety goggles,
suitably-sized overalls, a sound-proofing headset, industrial gloves. Do not wear
ties or scarves and keep long hair tied up.

DANGER
Pay the utmost attention and take every precaution all the time you are working
with the machine. Take special care to avoid any potential hazards.

DANGER

Raised machine parts

Do not walk or work underneath the raised machine parts unless they is suitably
fixed in place, since they may fall and cause injury to any person passing
underneath.
28

DANGER

Lifting apparatus
The use of faulty lifting apparatus can cause accidents. It is therefore important to
verify the condition of such equipment. Check that the hoist, cables, etc. are in
compliance with local specifications and that they are suitable for the type of work in
hand. Make particularly sure that they are strong enough for the specific job.

2.5.2 OPERATING SAFETY

DANGER

Expertise
Performing operations without practice can cause severe, or even fatal accidents to
the operator and other people. Practice first in a free space away from the job site,
with nobody in the vicinity. Do not perform new operations unless you are certain
that you are capable of doing so in conditions of total safety.

DANGER

Controls
Operating the control levers from outside the driver's cab can lead to severe,
and even fatal accidents both for the operator and for other people in the
vicinity. These levers must only be operated while remaining properly
seated in the driver's cab with the seat belt fastened.

DANGER

Machine conditions
A machine in faulty conditions can cause accidents to both the operator and
other people in the vicinity. Do not use the machine if it is out of order or if any
parts are missing. Before starting work, make sure that the maintenance
procedures specified in this handbook have been performed.

DANGER

Specifications
Comply scrupulously with all specifications and local legislation applicable to the
job site and concerning both the operator and the machine.

DANGER

Safety belt
In the CE version, the machine is equipped with a safety belt that must always
be fastened before taking any action with the machine. Working without the
safety belt properly fastened increases the risk of accident.
 29

DANGER
Version with 4 steering wheels
When operating in the 4 steering wheels mode never turn the steering wheel
abruptly while at near maximum speed, in order to avoid the risk of toppling over.
When in transit on the road, use only the 2 steering wheels mode.

DANGER
Machine limits
Never use the machine beyond the working range for which it was designed.
Exceeding said limits can be dangerous and can cause damage to the machine.
Never attempt to improve the performance of the machine by making alterations
without prior approval.

DANGER
Engine compartment
Never open the hood before switching off the engine.
If it has only just been switched off, the engine components may have reached
high temperatures, so be careful where you put your hands.
Always lock the hood and remove the key.

DANGER
Getting in and out of the driver's cab
Always face the machine when getting in and out of the driver's cab. Use the
handle and step provided.
Make sure that the step, handle and the soles of your shoes are clean and dry.
Never get off the machine while it is in motion. Never use the machine controls
as handles.

DANGER
ROPS/FOPS
In the CE version, the machine has a driver’s cab with a ROPS/FOPS structure to
ensure protection in the event of the vehicle overturning and against falling objects.
It is important for the ROPS/FOPS structure to be checked periodically. If it is
altered or repaired wrongly, the ROPS/FOPS cab may not function properly, with
severe consequences for the operator in the event of accident. If the ROPS/FOPS
structure has been involved in an accident, do not use the machine until the
structure has been repaired and inspected by qualified technicians.

DANGER
Engine/steering failure
If any engine or steering failure occurs, stop the machine as soon as possible.
Do not start the machine again until the fault has been eliminated.
30

DANGER

Reversing
Traveling in reverse at high speeds can cause accidents. Never reverse at top
speed. Always drive at a safe speed suited to the working conditions and the
visibility.

DANGER

Passengers
Carrying passengers in or on the machine can cause accidents. The machine is
designed to be occupied by the driver alone. Never carry passengers or
animals.

DANGER

Exhaust fumes
Breathing the vehicle’s exhaust fumes can be dangerous and can even cause
death by asphyxia. Use the machine in closed spaces only after ensuring that
adequate ventilation has been provided; if possible, attach an extension to the
exhaust pipe. At the first signs of sleepiness, stop the machine and go out into
the open air.

DANGER

Communication
An inadequate level of communication can cause accidents. Inform any person
in the vicinity before taking any action whatsoever. If you are working with other
people, make sure that the hand signals you intend to use are clear to
everybody. Job sites are usually noisy, so do not rely on verbal communication.

DANGER

Job site
Before starting work, examine the job site to check for any hazardous
conditions. Check for the presence of any holes, loose ground, metal objects or
electric cables, gas or water pipes, etc. Mark the position of any underground
pipes and cables.
Check that the distance from any overhead cables or tall structures is adequate.
If there are electric cables in the area, contact the electricity board responsible
for the power supply to establish what safety measures must be complied with.
Also check whether there are any specific local laws or regulations concerning
operations in the vicinity of electric power lines.

DANGER

Safe working loads

Overloading can damage the machine and make it unstable.
 31

DANGER

Piles and trenches

Piles of material and trenches can collapse. Do not work or drive too close to
piles or trenches if there is any risk of their collapsing.

DANGER

Gradients
Working on a slope can be dangerous. The ground conditions change with rain,
snow, ice, etc.
Carefully check the ground. Always work in first gear. Keep all the equipment in
its proper position.

DANGER

Ramps and means of transport

Water, mud, ice, grease and oil deposits on ramps and means of transport can
cause severe accidents. Make sure that any ramps and means of transport are
clean, and proceed with care.

DANGER

Safety barriers
A machine left unattended is a potential hazard. In public places, or where the
visibility is poor, place barriers around the working area to keep unauthorized
persons away.

DANGER

Parking
A machine that has been parked carelessly can move unexpectedly. To park
the machine properly, follow the instructions contained in this handbook.

DANGER

Visibility
Accidents can happen when the visibility is poor. Keep the driver's cab windows
clean and use lights to improve the visibility. Do not use the machine in
conditions of poor visibility.
32

DANGER
Loading aggregate or cement
Approach the pile of aggregate squarely from the front, not with the wheels
steering sideways. It is very important to avoid continuing to push forward with
the machine when the shovel has entered the pile of aggregate or while the
shovel is being lifted.
During the loading operations it is absolutely forbidden staying in the mixer
range of action
Never climb onto the machine to check the consistency and quantity of
the mixture inside the drum.

DANGER
Turning the drum assembly
It is forbidden to rotate the drum assembly if the chute extension elements for
unloading the concrete are still coupled to the chute.

DANGER
Clearance above the machine
The raised shovel can hit any object above the machine. Before lifting the
shovel, therefore, always check that the clearance is sufficient.

DANGER
Sparks
Any sparks caused by the unloading system or by the electric circuitry can
cause fire or an explosion. Never use the machine in closed environments
containing flammable materials, fumes or dust.

DANGER
Improper use of the shovel
It is forbidden to use the shovel for leveling the ground or for lifting persons or
other loads.

DANGER
Towing
It is absolutely forbidden to use the machine for towing purposes.

2.5.3 SAFETY DURING MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS

DANGER
Alterations
Unauthorized alterations can cause injury and damage. Before performing any
alterations and/or weldings on the machine, consult your dealer for written approval.
 33

DANGER

Metal splinters
When metal studs are inserted or removed, injury can be caused by metal
splinters. Always wear safety goggles, use a soft mallet or punch and make
sure that there is nobody else in the vicinity of the work place.

IMPORTANT
Transit by road
Before traveling with the vehicle on the road, make sure that you have complied
with all the applicable regulations and laws in the country or countries where the
machine is to transit.

DANGER
Overhead electric lines
Avoid coming too close to any live electric lines to avoid the risk of electric
shock. Before starting work, check for any presence of electric cables in the
area. If there are cables in the area, contact the local offices of the electricity
board to establish what precautions must be taken and what specifications
apply to operations performed in the vicinity of electric lines.
Finally, make sure that the relevant safety precautions and the laws and
regulations applicable to the area are all complied with.

DANGER

Burns
Never open the engine hood while the engine is running.
Contact with any oil or hot engine components can cause burns.
Make sure that the engine is cold before taking any action.

DANGER

Fire
If a fire breaks out on the machine, do not use water in an attempt to extinguish
it. The water would spark off the combustion of the oil and could also transmit
an electric shock if the fire is in the electric circuitry. Use dust extinguishers.

DANGER
Safety devices
Before performing any maintenance with the shovel arms raised, place the
special tie rod (see item 4.3.1) in position to ensure that the arm cannot fall onto
the operator, causing severe personal injury.
The same applies for the safety tie rod for controlling the rotation of the drum
assembly (see item 4.3.1).
34

DANGER
Communication
If more than one person is working on the machine at the same time, make sure
that each person knows what the other is doing. Before starting the engine,
make sure that other people are well away from any hazardous areas, such as
the revolving blades of the fan, the engine drive belt, the moving apparatus,
their articulated joints, and the area underneath the machine. Severe injury and
even death can result if suitable precautions are not taken.

DANGER
Battery fumes
The battery produces explosive fumes. Do not smoke and avoid any flame or
sparks in the vicinity of the battery. If the battery is used or charged in a closed
environment, make sure that there is adequate ventilation. Do not check the
state of the battery charge by short-circuiting the terminals with a metal tool.
Use a hydrometer or a voltmeter.

DANGER
Lifting the machine on jacks
Always apply wedges to the wheels that remain standing on the ground.
Otherwise the machine may slip off the jacks and crush the person underneath.
Never work under the machine while it is supported on the jacks alone. Instead,
provide suitable additional support under the axles. Always bear in mind that the
rear axle is of the rocking type.

DANGER

Repairs
Do not attempt to make repairs or do any other maintenance work unless you are
an expert. If in doubt, call in a specialist for any repairs or maintenance work.

DANGER
Diesel fuel
Diesel oil is flammable. Do not allow open flames in the vicinity of the machine.
Do not smoke during refueling or while working on the engine. Do not refuel
while the engine is running. Failure to comply with these precautions can cause
fire and injury.

DANGER

Hot refrigerant
When the refrigerant is hot, the circuit is under pressure. Contact with the hot
refrigerant can cause burns, so make sure that the engine is cold before
checking the level of the refrigerant or draining the circuit.
 35

DANGER

Tires and wheel rims

Excessive pressures and overheating can cause tires to burst. To ensure the
correct tire pressure, follow the instructions given in this handbook. Never weld
or cut the wheel rims. Have any repairs done by an expert.

DANGER

Petrol
Do not use petrol for fuel and do not mix any petrol with the diesel oil, since it
would float to the top and produce flammable fumes.

DANGER

Hydraulic oil
Very fine jets of hydraulic oil under high pressures can penetrate the skin.
Never use your bare fingers to detect any leaks and never bring your face close
to any such leaks. Use a piece of cardboard to check for the presence of any
hydraulic fluid. If the hydraulic fluid accidentally penetrates the skin, seek
medical advice immediately.

DANGER

Oil
Oil is toxic. In the event of ingestion of any amount of oil, do not attempt to
induce vomiting and seek medical advice. The oil in the engine contains
dangerous contaminants which can cause skin cancer. Handle the engine oil as
little as possible, avoiding any contact with the skin by using a barrier cream
and wearing gloves. Accurately wash any oil-contaminated skin areas with hot
water and soap. Do not use petrol, diesel oil or paraffin to clean the skin.

DANGER

Hydraulic pressure
At the working pressures, the hydraulic oil can cause injury. Before
disconnecting or connecting the flexible conduits in the hydraulic circuit, stop
the engine and use the controls provided to release the pressure in the pipes.
Make sure that the engine cannot be started up while the flexible conduits are
still disconnected.
36

DANGER

Washing the machine

The high-pressure jet of water used to clean the machine can cause personal
injury. Never aim the jet of water in the direction of any person.
Comply with all the instructions given in item 3.7 as concerns the cleaning of the
machine. A carelessly-oriented jet of water can hit a lever or button and trigger an
action, with hazardous consequences for any persons or property in the vicinity.
Never climb onto the machine to facilitate the washing procedure; use ladders
or other test-approved means instead.

DANGER

Electric circuits
Before connecting or disconnecting an electric component, carefully analyze the
electric circuit. A faulty connection can cause injury and/or damage.

DANGER

Battery
A battery with a frozen electrolyte can explode if it is used or charged, so never
use a machine if the battery has become frozen. To avoid any risk of freezing,
always keep the battery fully charged.

DANGER

Electrolyte
The electrolyte in the battery is toxic and corrosive. Avoid breathing the fumes
coming from the electrolyte. Avoid any contact of the electrolyte with the
clothing, skin, mouth and eyes; protect your eyes with safety goggles. For first
aid in the event of accident, see item 4.16.1.

DANGER

Battery terminals
The mass of the machine is connected to the battery's negative pole.
Always earth the battery's negative pole.

When you connect the battery, the (-) mass conductor must be connected last.
When you disconnect the battery, the (-) mass conductor must be disconnected
first.
 37

2.6 ADHESIVE SAFETY LABELS AND THEIR POSITION

ON THE MACHINE

The stickers attached to the machine serve the purpose of emphasizing specific
hazards. Each label is positioned in the vicinity of the relevant machine part that
can pose a risk. Before working with said machine part, read the safety warning
carefully.

Keep all the stickers clean and clearly legible. Replace any missing or damaged
labels. The following drawing illustrates the various labels and their position on
the machine.
fig. 2.02
38

DANGER
Operators who normally wear glasses must use them to read the safety labels
strategically attached to various parts of the machine as reminders of any
potential hazards. Avoid taking up dangerous positions in order to read the
safety labels.
 39

2.6.1 MEANINGS OF THE SAFETY LABELS

Do not use (or perform maintenance on) the

machine until after you have carefully read the
“Use and Maintenance Handbook”.

Moving parts hazard. Keep a safe distance from

the machine.

Wait for the moving parts to come to a standstill

before you touch them.

Insert the safety devices.

Manipulator safety device enabled/disabled.

Forward - Reverse

Manipulator controls indicator.

40

Mixer operation lever controls indicator.

Parking brake enabled/disabled.

Mechanical gear ratio indicator.

Hot parts hazard.

2.7 SAFETY DEVICES TO USE DURING MAINTENANCE

WORK
Before performing any maintenance operation with the shovel arms raised,
place the special safety device provided in position (see item 4.3.1). There are
two devices which have been deliberately painted red to make them easily
visible.
 47

3 - OPERATION
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter has been written to help you learn how to operate the machine
step by step.
Read the contents of this chapter very carefully from beginning to end.
When you have finished reading, you should already be fairly familiar with the
machine and how it works.
Pay special attention to the safety labels. They are there to help you recognize
potential hazards. Do not simply glance at them, think about their meaning. If
you are aware of a danger, you are more likely to avoid it.

When you have learnt where the controls are and what they are for, practice
using them.
Practice working with the machine in a safe, open space with no obstructions
and nobody in the vicinity.

DANGER
Practise at first with the machine empty.

Learn to understand how the machine and the controls react, without using
them abruptly. Use the controls with caution until it is clear what effect they
have on the machine.

Finally, do not be in a hurry to learn to operate the machine. Take your time and
proceed calmly and safely.

Remember : BE CAREFUL
BE ALERT
BE SAFE

3.2 BEFORE CLIMBING ONTO THE MACHINE

For your own safety and to ensure a lasting life for the machine, proceed with
an accurate inspection before climbing in and starting the engine.
Look around and under the machine to check for any loose or missing bolts,
deposits of dirt, oil or fluid leaks, and broken or worn parts.
Check the condition of the hydraulic system components.
IN PARTICULAR:
CHECKING AND CLEANING
- Clean the windows, the lights and the rear-view mirrors.
- Check that all studs, joints and bolts are suitably tightened and that none are
missing (especially the wheel rim nuts).
- In the CE version, check that the ROPS/FOPS structure has not been
damaged; for any necessary repairs, call in a qualified technician. Make sure
that all the screws are suitably tightened and that none are missing.
- Check that there are no leakages of oil, fuel or refrigerant.
48

- Clean all the stickers. Replace any labels that have become illegible or that
have been lost.
- Check the conditions of the seat belt and its fixing elements (if any).
- Remove any scraps of aggregate or concrete, especially from around the
studs, cylinders and radiator.

CHECKING THE TIRES

- Check that the pressure in the tires is correct. See item 4.5 for a safe
inflation procedure.
- Check for the presence of any cuts or sharp objects in the tires. Do not use a
machine with damaged tires.

DANGER
The explosion of a tire can cause severe, even fatal injury. Do not use the
machine with tires that are damaged, over- or under-inflated or excessively
worn.

CHECKING THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT AND CAPS

- Check that the engine hood is in its proper place.

- Check that the cap on the hydraulic oil tank is tightened properly.
- Check that the cap on the fuel tank is tightened properly.

3.3 CLIMBING INTO THE DRIVER'S CAB

DANGER
Check that the steps and handles are clean.
To avoid the risk of slipping and falling, always make sure that your shoes and
hands are dry and clean before climbing the steps to gain access to the driver's
cab.
Always face the machine while getting into and out of the driver's cab. Do not
use the machine controls as handles for getting into and out of the cab.

3.4 ADJUSTING THE SEAT

An accurate adjustment of the seat ensures that the operator can drive safely
and comfortably.
The seat can be shifted forwards or backwards so as to suitably adjust the
driver's distance from the controls. The operator must be able to press the
brake pedal down completely while keeping his back resting against the seat
back.
To adjust the position of the seat, shift the lever (1) situated under the seat and
slide the seat forwards or backwards as necessary, in order to adjust the seat
back use the lever (2.
Release the levers and check that the seat is locked in its new position.
The seat in the machine is also fitted with a device for adjusting the springing.
To do so, turn the knob (3) situated under of the seat clockwise or anticlockwise
until you achieve the required degree of springing. Turning clockwise makes the
springing harder, while turning anticlockwise makes it softer.
With the knob (4) the height of the seat can be adjust.
 49

fig. 3.01

DANGER
It is important to check and, if necessary, to adjust the position of the seat at the
beginning of each working shift and every time a different operator uses the
machine.

3.5 DRIVING AND CONTROLS

fig. 3.02
1) Steering wheel

2) Accelerator pedal

3) Gear lever

4) Parking brake

5) Service brake

6) Hand accelerator lever

7) Instrument dashboard

3.5.1 CONTROLS

1) Steering wheel
Turn the steering wheel whichever way you need to move the vehicle.
50

2) Accelerator pedal
Press the accelerator pedal to increase the speed of the engine, or release it to
slow down. When the pedal is released the engine idles and the machine stays
still, even if the gears are not in neutral.

3) Gear lever
The gear shift has two speeds:

0 = neutral
1 = 1st gear
2 = 2nd gear

For operation of the gear lever, see item 3.13.

DANGER
Never attempt to change gear while the vehicle is in motion, otherwise the
gearbox may be irreparably damaged.

4) Parking brake
Use this lever to apply the parking brake every time you
leave the machine unattended.
To put on the parking brake, place the lever in the
horizontal position; to release the brake, turn the lever
upwards. When the parking brake is enabled, the
transmission is automatically disabled and a pilot light on
the dashboard comes one (see fig. 3.03).

DANGER
Do not use the parking brake to reduce the speed of the vehicle while it is in
transit.

IMPORTANT
When the vehicle engine is off, the parking brake comes on automatically, but
as soon as the diesel engine is turned on, the brake is disabled.

5) Service brake
Press on the service brake pedal to slow or stop the machine.
Use the brakes to avoid picking up speed when traveling downhill.
Use the machine only if both the stop lights are functioning properly.

6) Hand accelerator lever

The hand control lever for the accelerator is fitted with an adjustable clutch
locking device for keeping it in the selected position.
To increase the turning speed of the engine, shift the lever upwards, checking
the new engine speed on the rev counter.
To adjust the clutch, use the screw provided: the clutch is blocked by tightening
the screw, or released by loosening the screw.
A well-adjusted clutch maintains the selected position but is not too hard to move.
 51

DANGER
In theory, the machine does not move if the engine is turning at a speed of less
than 1000 rpm. Pay careful attention, therefore, to how you adjust the hand
accelerator: if you set it at a turning speed higher than 1000 rpm it will become
impossible to stop the machine simply by releasing the accelerator pedal. This
situation could be hazardous for the operator and for any people in the vicinity.

7) Instrument dashboard
All the instruments and warning lights are grouped together on a control panel.
In the following paragraphs, they are all described together with an indication of
the position they occupy on the dashboard. Some warning lights are for
signaling if any faults occur in a given machine part. Do not use the machine in
faulty conditions, otherwise you may damage the engine and/or gearbox. All the
instruments and gauges are disabled when the starter is switched off.

IMPORTANT
The hazard lights warning light remains enabled, however, if said lights are on.

fig. 3.03
52

1) Hydraulic forward-reverse and slow-fast lever 15) Not in use

2) Multi-function lever 16) Not in use
3) Drum revolving control 17) Glow plug warning light
4) Steering mode selector 18) Parking brake warning light
5) Revolving lamp switch 19) Hydraulic neutral warning light
6) Engine starter switch 20) Main-beam headlights warning light
7) Alarm warning light 21) Side lights warning light
8) Turn indicators warning light 22) Hour counter
9) Engine oil pressure low warning light 23) Engine water temperature gauge
10) Not in use 24) Hazard lights switch
11) Battery charger warning light 25) Windscreen wiper and washer switch
12) Not in use 26) Power plug point
13) Not in use 27) Rev counter
14) Hydraulic slow speed warning light

EXPLANATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS ON THE DASHBOARD

1) HYDRAULIC FORWARD-REVERSE AND SLOW-FAST LEVER

DANGER
It is very dangerous to operate the lever for selecting the forward or reverse
drive while in transit because the machine would instantly change direction
without warning.
In order to avoid highly dangerous, even fatal accidents, the operator must keep
strictly to the procedure described.

Stop the machine before operating this lever.

To select the forward drive, the reverse drive or the neutral position, lift and shift
the lever respectively forward, or backwards, or into the intermediate position.
To select the slow or fast gear, press the end of the lever (this is the only
operation that can be done with the machine in motion). When the machine is in
hydraulic neutral, the warning light 19 comes on, when it is in slow gear the
warning light 14 comes on, and when it is in fast gear both lights go off.
Both gears can be used for driving both forward and in reverse.
When a reverse gear is engaged, a horn is heard.

IMPORTANT
The lever must be raised for you to be able to engage the forward or reverse
gear; this is in order to avoid the engine being started accidentally. This can
only be if the lever is in the neutral position.

PROCEDURE FOR CHANGING DIRECTION

a) Reduce the engine speed to a minimum.

b) Stop the machine with the aid of the service brake.
c) Without releasing the service brake, select the new direction.
d) Release the service brake and press on the accelerator pedal.

2) MULTI-FUNCTION LEVER

This lever enables all the following functions:

- horn;
- lights switch;
- turn indicator;
- headlights.
 53

fig. 3.04

- Horn (fig. 3.04)

The horn is operated by pressing on the lever anywhere along its axis,
regardless of any other functions being used.

fig. 3.05

- Lights switch (fig. 3.05)

Turning the end of the lever anticlockwise enables the selection of the lights as
follows:
0 = lights off
1 = sidelights on
2 = dipped-beam headlights on

fig. 3.06

- Turn indicator (fig. 3.06)

Moving the lever forward (position 2) enables the left-hand turn indicator lights;
moving the lever backwards (position 1) enables the right-hand turn indicator
lights. After the change in direction has been completed, position the lever in
the middle again to disable the turn indicators.
The indicators operate only if the starter switch is in the enabled position.

fig. 3.07

- Headlights (fig. 3.07)

Raising the lever to position 2 enables the main-beam headlights. If the lever is
lowered to position 1, the lights flash.
54

3) DRUM REVOLVING CONTROL

This button is used to enable or disable the rotation of the drum. Pressing it on
the left causes rotation for mixing, while pressing it on the right is for rotation to
discharge the batch of concrete.

IMPORTANT
Holding the button down more or less time enables you to adjust the turning
speed of the drum.

4) STEERING MODE SELECTOR

(for the version with four steering wheels only)

This selector has 3 positions corresponding to the three

steering modes.

0) Steering only on the front axle;

1) Steering on both axles (tight-turn)
2) Steering on both axles (crab)
A sticker near the selector illustrates the type of
steering currently enabled.

5) REVOLVING LAMP SWITCH

IMPORTANT
The legislation in some countries calls for a revolving lamp to be mounted on
the machine and used while in transit on public roads.

This switch is used to operate the revolving lamp installed on the roof of the
machine

6) ENGINE STARTER SWITCH

fig. 3.08

This is enabled by means of the starter key and has three different positions:

0 Disabled
There is no power to the circuits and the engine is off.
 55

1 Preheating
With the key in this position, the fuel delivery manifold is heated and a
specific light on the dashboard comes on.
It is not possible to turn on the engine during the preheating phase, i.e. until
said light goes off (even if the key is turned to position 2) and an alarm warns
anybody in front of the vehicle that the diesel engine is about to be turned on.
When the light on the dashboard goes off, the alarm also stops and the
machine’s engine can be started.

DANGER
If the alarm is not triggered during the preheating phase, do not start the
engine, but check for the cause of the failure, since the lack of any warning that
the engine is being turned on can be hazardous for any operators in the vicinity
of the machine.

IMPORTANT
The circuit for the hazard lights and the power plug point is always powered,
whatever the position of the starter switch.

2 Starting the engine

This enables the starter motor which triggers the engine.
As soon as the engine has started, release the key.

IMPORTANT
After stopping the engine, leave the starter switch in position 0 and disconnect
all the switches to avoid the battery running down.

7) ALARM WARNING LIGHT

This comes on together with the warning lights 9 – 11 to indicate a hazardous

situation for the engine's operation.

8) TURN INDICATORS WARNING LIGHT

Flashing green light: this flashes together with the turn indicator lights. The
indicators must be used before changing the direction of the vehicle.

9) ENGINE OIL PRESSURE LOW WARNING LIGHT

Red light: this indicates that the engine oil pressure is too low.
It must always go off within a few seconds of the engine being started.

DANGER
If the warning light comes on, immediately stop the engine and stop the mixer.
Find the reason for the problem and have the necessary repairs done before
operating the machine again. See the attached "Engine use and maintenance
handbook" which forms an integral part of this handbook.
56

10) NOT IN USE

11) BATTERY CHARGER WARNING LIGHT

Red light: this light comes on if the battery charging circuit does not work when
the engine is running.
It must go off a few seconds after the engine has been started.

12) NOT IN USE

13) NOT IN USE

14) HYDRAULIC SLOW SPEED WARNING LIGHT

Red light: this indicates that the hydraulic slow speed has been engaged.

15) NOT IN USE

16) NOT IN USE

17) GLOW PLUG WARNING LIGHT

Orange light: when on, this indicates that the fuel manifold is being heated (see
"Engine starter switch").

18) ) PARKING BRAKE WARNING LIGHT

Red light: this comes on when the parking brake is enabled and the
transmission is automatically disabled.

19) HYDRAULIC NEUTRAL WARNING LIGHT

This indicates that the lever (1) is in the neutral position.

20) MAIN-BEAM HEADLIGHTS WARNING LIGHT

Blue light: this comes on when the main-beam headlights are in use. The
headlights must be switched from main beam to dipped beam if another vehicle
is coming in the opposite direction.
 57

21) SIDELIGHTS AND DIPPED-BEAM HEADLIGHTS WARNING LIGHT

Green light: this indicates that the sidelights and/or dipped-beam headlights are on.

22) HOUR COUNTER

The totalizer indicates the number of hours of machine operation.

23) WATER TEMPERATURE GAUGE

This indicates the temperature of the refrigerant for cooling the engine. The
ideal operating temperature comes between 80° and 90°C. If a reading in
excess of 100°C is indicated, switch off the engine and find the reason for the
overheating.

24) HAZARD LIGHTS SWITCH

This switch is used to turn on the hazard lights. A red warning light on the
switch flashes on and off in tune with the lights on the outside of the vehicle.

25) WINDSCREEN WIPER AND WASHER SWITCH

Said switch has 2 positions: the first one trips the windscreen wiper; the second
starts the windscreen washer motor.

IMPORTANT
If there is another switch on the windscreen wiper motor, always leave this in
the ON position (1).

26) POWER PLUG POINT

This is a 12 Volt power socket for an emergency light (8 Amp max).

27) REV COUNTER

The hand on the dial indicates the turning speed (rpm) of the engine.
58

3.6 MIXER OPERATION CONTROL LEVERS

fig. 3.09

The levers for operating the mixer are illustrated in figure 3.09 and are
positioned to the right-hand side of the driver's seat.
The lever H can be used to disable the manipulator functions. Said lever must
be placed in the position illustrated in the figure every time the manipulator is
not needed and particularly before getting down from the machine.

DANGER
Operating the control levers from outside the driver's cab can cause
severe, even fatal accidents, both to the operator and to other people.
These levers must be operated only while sitting properly in the driver's
seat.

To understand when to use these levers, refer to item 3.14.

A Lifting the unloading chute

A1 Up
A2 Down
 59

B Drum revolving
B1 Anticlockwise (Turn left )
B2 Clockwise (Turn right )
C Water pumps
C1 Normal-pressure water pump
C2 High-pressure water pump

MANIPULATOR
D Arm lifting and shovel tipping
D1 Lift arms and automatically tip shovel upwards
D2 Lower arms
E Shovel cover mechanism
E1 Open
E2 Close
While keeping button F pressed down
D Shovel tipping
D1 No function enabled
D2 Tip shovel downwards
E Shovel cover mechanism
E1 Open
E2 Close

When button F is released, the previous function mode is restored.

IMPORTANT
Never tip the shovel until it has moved beyond the range of action of the
drum blades.
All the levers except for C return automatically to their central position when
they are released.

DANGER
Never insist on working the hydraulic controls when the jacks have reached the
end of their stroke.
Do not manhandle the maximum pressure valves installed on the hydraulic
circuit. The setting of the maximum pressure valves must be done only by
authorized persons.
N.B. ANY MANHANDLING OF THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE VALVES
AUTOMATICALLY MEANS THAT THE WARRANTY IS FORFEITED.

3.7 WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM

The water delivery system comprises a self-priming pump driven by a hydraulic
motor controlled by a distributor.
By suitably adjusting the two three-way taps connected to the pump, you can
select all the necessary system functions.

IMPORTANT
Do not let the pump turn without any water for any length of time if the system is
not being used.
If it has been emptied completely, or when it is used for the first time, fill the
pump.
60

In the event of priming problems or an irregular jet of water, check the clamps
and connectors in the system in order to seek and eliminate any points where
air leaks into the circuit.
Always make sure that the outside water intake filter is efficient.
Use water that is clean, or at least ensure that it contains no abrasive particles
(e.g. sand) in suspension.

IMPORTANT
When using the vehicle fitted with a water delivery system in particularly cold
weather, take care to completely empty the tanks, pump, flexible conduits and,
if assembled, the high pressure water pump at the end of the day's work.
To empty the water pump, remove the
fig. 3.10
plug situated in the bottom (2 - fig. 3.10).
To empty the high pressure water pump ,
idle it for about 20 seconds.

COLLECTING WATER FROM AN OUTSIDE SOURCE AND

DELIVERING IT TO THE TANK

fig. 3.11

- Position the three-way valves as illustrated in figure 3.11;

- operate the pump by means of the control lever C (fig. 3.09);
- stop the pump when the tank is full, i.e. when water overflows from the outlet
provided.
 61

COLLECTING WATER FROM THE TANK AND DELIVERING IT TO

THE DRUM

fig. 3.12

- Position the three-way valves as illustrated in figure 3.12;

- operate the pump by means of the control lever C (fig. 3.09);
- stop the pump when the liter counter indicates that the required amount of
water has been loaded.

IMPORTANT
To zero the liter counter, use the lever provided.

COLLECTING WATER FROM AN OUTSIDE SOURCE AND

DELIVERING IT TO THE DRUM

fig. 3.13

- Position the three-way valves as illustrated in figure 3.13.

- operate the pump by means of the control lever C (fig. 3.09).
- stop the pump when the liter counter indicates that the required amount of
water has been loaded.
62

WASHING THE MACHINE

DANGER
Before washing the machine, check that the gear lever and forward-reverse
lever are in neutral and apply the parking brake.
Do not point the jet of water in the direction of any persons nearby, since this
can cause severe injury.
To avoid causing damage and/or rusting, avoid aiming the jet at the electric
circuitry.
Do not climb onto the machine to facilitate the washing operations. Use
ladders or other type-approved support means instead.

There are two ways to wash the machine:

A) Using the pump and the connection on the machine.

fig. 3.14

- Position the three-way valves as illustrated in figure 3.14;

- operate the pump by means of the control lever C (fig. 3.09);
- bring the engine nearly up to its maximum turning speed.
B) Using the high-pressure pump circuit (this is an optional accessory, provided
on request)
- Operate the high-pressure pump by means of the control lever C (fig. 3.09);
- keep the engine turning at two-thirds of its maximum speed.

IMPORTANT
The drum must be washed every day, or every time it is not used for a
period of time long enough to allow for the remains of concrete to harden
(see item 4.14.3).
Scraps of concrete left inside the drum can upset its balance and consequently
damage the bearings of the epicyclical reduction gear (see item 4.14.4).
Replace both the drum wheels when either one is damaged in order to avoid
an unbalanced rotation, which can cause damage to the epicyclical
reduction gear.
 63

3.8 BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE

- For the safety of the operator and of any other persons in the vicinity, and for
the maximum life of the machine, make a general inspection before starting
the engine.
- If you have not already done so, make a tour of inspection all around the
outside of the machine (Item 3.2).

DANGER

Before using or repairing the machine, it is essential to read the Use and
Maintenance Handbook carefully, as well as the warning and safety labels
attached to the machine. During maintenance and repairs or adjustments keep
strictly to the instructions in the handbook. Check the machine’s operation after
any adjustments, repairs or maintenance work. Failure to comply with the
instructions and warnings can lead to the risk of severe, even mortal, accident.

A FEW RECOMMENDATIONS:

- remove any dirt from the inside of the driver's cab, and particularly from
around the pedals and control levers;

DANGER
Keep the machine controls clean and dry. Slippery controls can make you lose
your grip and consequently also lose control of the machine.

- remove any traces of oil, grease or mud from the pedals and control levers;
- make sure that your hands and shoes are clean and dry;
- frequently check that the lights, luminous indicators, turn indicators, hazard
lights, horn, reversing and engine-starting horn and all switches are in good
working order;
- check that no screws, bolts, etc. are loose or missing. Replace or tighten as
necessary;
- adjust the seat so as to able to reach all the control levers comfortably and to
follow through the complete stroke of the brake pedal with your back resting
against the back of the seat;
- adjust the rear-view mirrors so as to have a good view of the rear of the
machine while remaining properly seated;
- check that the parking brake is on; if it is not, then apply the parking brake.
- always fasten the seat belt before taking any action with the machine (CE
version).
64

3.9 STARTING THE ENGINE

- Read the previous paragraph "Before starting the engine".
- It is essential to check the following before operating the machine:
 the level of the fuel tank;
 the level of the refrigerant in the engine radiator;
 the level of the oil in the engine sump;
 the engine's air filter;
 the level of the hydraulic oil;
 the tire pressure;
 the efficiency of the braking system;
 the efficiency of the steering system;
 the tightness of the nuts on the wheel rims and for fixing the ROPS/FOPS
structure (if any);
 the integrity of the ROPS/FOPS structure (if any);
 the condition of the seat belt (if any).

IMPORTANT
Any other engine inspections must be performed as specified in the attached
"Engine use and maintenance handbook" which forms an integral part of this
handbook.

IMPORTANT
Check and top up the levels of the fluids in the tanks serving the hydraulic
system and the engine radiator with the engine switched off (after running the
engine briefly) and with all the jacks closed.

To avoid any overflow due to expansion, do not exceed the maximum levels
indicated when refueling and topping up or replacing lubricants.
For information on the quantities and types of lubricant involved, refer to item
5.5.
If the engine has not been used for some time, or if it had previously run out of
fuel, prime the plant and eliminate any air from the injection circuit as explained
in the attached "Engine use and maintenance handbook" which forms an
integral part of this handbook.

- Check that the gear lever and the forward-reverse lever are both in neutral
and that the parking brake is on.

- Always fasten the seat belt (in the CE version) before you start working with
the mixer.

IMPORTANT
If the forward-reverse lever is not in neutral, the starter motor cannot be
enabled.
 65

3.9.1 STARTING UP A COLD ENGINE AND A WARM ENGINE

IMPORTANT
These engines are equipped with efficient systems for starting up in cold
climates and the manufacturer therefore accepts no responsibility for any
damage to the engine caused by unsuitable methods used to help the engine to
start.

fig. 3.08

1. Bring the manual accelerator lever into the maximum speed position. Turn
the key clockwise to position 1 (fig. 3.08).
2. The glow plug warning light on the dashboard comes on and the buzzer will
start to indicate that the engine is being started. During this phase, you
cannot start the engine (see item 3.5). Wait for the warning light and the
buzzer to go off.

3. Turn the key to position 2 (fig. 3.08) to enable the starter motor, releasing the
key so that it can return to position 1 (fig. 3.08) as soon as the engine has
started.
Immediately return the manual accelerator lever to the minimum speed to
obtain a uniform turning speed.

4. If the motor does not start up within 15 seconds, turn the key back to position
0 again (fig. 3.08) and repeat the preheating cycle, then enable the starter
motor again.

IMPORTANT
RUNNING IN: It is not necessary to gradually run in a new engine. Prolonged
operation under low loads during the early life of the engine is not
recommended. You can obtain the maximum power from your engine right from
the first time you start it, providing the temperature of the refrigerant circuit has
reached at least 60°C. The engine's performance wil l be better if the load is
applied as soon as possible after it has been started up.
Do not run the engine at high speeds in no-load conditions.
Do not overload the engine.

If the engine has been started by means of an external power source, remove
the connection cables (see item 3.10).
66

After starting up the engine, do not accelerate until the oil pressure warning
light has gone off. If the light is still on after 10 seconds of starting the
engine, switch off the engine and find the reason for the fault before starting
the engine again.
Allow the engine to warm up for a few minutes at a low rpm.

IMPORTANT
If the oil pressure warning light comes on during the normal operation of the
vehicle, stop the engine immediately.
Find and correct the fault.
See the attached "Engine use and maintenance handbook" which forms an
integral part of this handbook.

3.10 STARTING THE ENGINE WITH A RESERVE BATTERY

DANGER
Do not attempt to charge a frozen battery or to use it to start and operate the
engine because it could explode. To prevent the electrolyte from freezing, keep
the battery fully charged.
Batteries produce flammable, explosive fumes.
Do not smoke while checking the level of the electrolyte. The electrolyte is an acid
and can cause personal injury if it comes into contact with the skin or eyes.
When you start up the engine with the aid of a connection with another
machine, make sure that the two vehicle are not touching in order to avoid any
sparking near the battery. Any such sparks could ignite the fumes in the battery
and cause it to explode.
When an outside power source is connected, some circuits remain energized
even when the starter switch is in the disabled position. It is therefore advisable
to disable all the switches before connecting the outside power source.
Do not connect the outside power source by means of cables attached directly
to the starter motor, because this would exclude the neutral safety switch and
enable the engine to start up even if it is in gear. If this happens, the machine
might move unexpectedly, causing severe damage and even fatal injury to
anybody in the vicinity.
Only use connection cables that are in good condition and properly attached.
Connect both the ends of one cable before connecting the next cable.
Keep any metallic objects (e.g. belt buckles, watch straps, etc.) well clear of the
battery's positive pole, otherwise a short circuit could occur between the pole
and the adjacent metal sheet, with a consequent risk of burning the operator.

IMPORTANT
The reserve battery may be mounted on another vehicle.
In any case, it must have the same rated voltage (12 V) and the same number
of elements. Using a welder or a source with a higher supply voltage can
damage the machine’s electric circuitry.
Remember to connect the positive pole (+) to the other positive pole (+) and the
negative pole (-) to the other negative pole (-).
 67

When starting the engine with the aid of an outside power source, proceed as
follows:
- make sure that the two machines are not in contact with each other;
- apply the parking brake;
- disconnect any apparatus by means of the relevant controls;
- position the gear lever and forward-reverse lever in neutral;
- raise the hood on the engine compartment, the battery to charge is on the
left-hand side.

fig. 3.15

A = Flat battery

B = Reserve battery

DANGER
If it has been in use, the engine may have reached a high temperature, so be
careful where you put your hands.
- Make sure that the flat battery A is properly earthed, that the caps on the
elements are properly closed and that the level of the electrolyte is right;
- connect the two batteries according to the indications given in the figure, i.e.
connecting the positive poles (+) of the two batteries first, then the negative
pole of battery B to the mass of the machine;
- check the points listed in item 3.8;
- if the reserve battery is installed on another vehicle, start the engine on the
vehicle and bring it up to a speed corresponding to a quarter of its maximum
rpm;
- start the machine's engine as explained in item 3.9;
- disconnect the negative cable (-), detaching it first from the mass, then from
the reserve battery;
- disconnect the positive cable (+) first from the flat battery, then from the
reserve battery:
- lower and close the hood over the engine compartment.
68

3.11 DISCONNECTING THE BATTERY

If you have to perform any repairs or maintenance, and particularly if you have to
perform weldings on the machine, it is essential to disconnect the battery by means
of the special battery cutout situated underneath the battery compartment.

To disconnect the battery, turn the knob anticlockwise.

To restore the connection, turn the knob clockwise.

IMPORTANT
The passage of a high-voltage (welding) current can damage the (optional)
weighing cells. Refer to item 4.3.2.

3.12 CHECKING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PARKING BRAKE

For safety reasons, enabling the parking brake automatically disconnects the
transmission and consequently makes it impossible to move the machine; that
is why the test on the efficiency of the parking brake must be performed as
explained below.

DANGER
Before checking the efficiency of the parking brake, make sure that there is
nobody in the vicinity of the machine.
Test the brake with the machine on a clean, dry and smooth surface.

- Bring the mixer onto a surface with a longitudinal slope of ~ 10%;

- stop the machine by means of the service brake and put the forward/reverse
lever in neutral;
- apply the parking brake by means of the lever in item 3.5, while keeping the
service brake pedal down;
- release the service brake pedal. The vehicle must not move.
 69

DANGER
If the machine moves, stop it by applying the service brake.

- Return the vehicle to a flat surface.

DANGER
If the machine has moved during the test, have the parking brake checked (and
adjusted) and, if necessary, have it repaired by an expert technician before
starting normal working operations.
Do not use the parking brake to slow the machine down while in transit, unless
there is an emergency.

3.13 MOVING THE MACHINE

After warming up the engine and testing the parking brake, move the vehicle as
explained below.
Before proceeding, carefully read the following "OPERATING
RECOMMENDATIONS" and the paragraphs marked “DANGER” and
“IMPORTANT”.

OPERATING RECOMMENDATIONS
The machine can be started up in either gear. However, in working conditions
(loading - unloading - transit on a gradient or on loose or uneven ground), it
must be used ONLY in first gear.
Using the machine in second gear is ONLY permitted when it is in transit on roads.
Keep the machine constantly under control during any transfer operations. Pay
particular attention to any obstructions or other hazards.
Do not use the brake pedal as a footrest.
Do not allow the machine to travel downhill in neutral; always select the gear
required before setting off down the slope. Use the same gear that you would
use to travel up the slope. Do not change gear during the descent.
Use the service brake to prevent the machine from picking up too much speed
on the descent.
If you are coming up to muddy areas, use the first gear and keep the wheels
square with the vehicle.

DANGER
It is extremely dangerous to operate the forward-reverse lever while in transit
because the machine would instantly change direction without warning.
To avoid the risk of fatal accidents, the operator must keep strictly to the
specified procedure concerning the use of this lever.
70

DANGER
Accidents can happen when the visibility is poor. Keep the driver's cab windows
clean and use lights to improve the visibility. Do not use the machine in
conditions of poor visibility.
Traveling in reverse at high speeds can cause accidents. Never reverse at top
speed. Always drive at a safe speed suited to the working conditions and the
visibility.

MOVING THE MACHINE

- Engage a gear, first or second, depending on the type of work you intend to
perform and on the conditions of the ground in the area where you are operating.
- Select the direction required (forward or reverse) and the slow or fast speed.
The machine is normally started in slow gear, then the fast gear is engaged
once it is moving. When loaded or on a gradient, it is compulsory to proceed
in this way.

DANGER
Any reversing or gear changing must always be made with the vehicle at a
standstill.

- Release the parking brake.

- Accelerate gently to ensure that you set off smoothly.

DANGER
Before advancing, make sure that this can be done in complete safety. When
the machine is proceeding slowly, check the steering and the brakes. Do not
drive the machine if the steering and/or brakes are not functioning properly. If in
doubt, assume that they are faulty.

DANGER
If the machine does not move because of the drive cutout (because the parking
brake has been applied), release it by means of the lever (item 3.5) provided,
but first ensure that the turning speed of the engine is at its lowest and that the
forward-reverse lever is in neutral, then press on the service brake to avoid any
lurching movements.

DANGER
In theory, the machine does not move if the engine is turning at a speed of less
than 1000 rpm. Pay careful attention, therefore, to how you adjust the hand
accelerator: if you set it at a turning speed higher than 1000 rpm it will become
impossible to stop the machine simply by releasing the accelerator pedal. This
situation could be hazardous for the operator and for any people in the vicinity.
 71

3.14 MACHINE OPERATING CYCLE

TO OPERATE THE MACHINE, PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:
- make the drum start to turn in the mixing direction by means of the button 3
(fig. 3.03) situated on the instrument dashboard;
- start the normal-pressure water pump and load about half the required
amount of water into the drum (you can check the amount of water being
loaded by means of the liter-counter provided);
- stop the pump.

IMPORTANT
Always put the three-way valves in the required position before starting the
water pump.
To return the liter-counter to zero, use the lever provided.

- Load about half the required amount of aggregate and cement. Proceed as
follows:
• lower the shovel arms to ground level;
• bring the machine forward towards the pile of aggregate or cement;
• raise the shovel arms and, when they are at the end of their stroke, open
the cover on the shovel.

DANGER
Never tip the shovel until it has moved beyond the range of action of the
drum blades.
Make sure that the drum is in the loading position by means of the distributor
lever (see item 3.6). During the loading operations it is absolutely forbidden
staying in the mixer range of action.
Face the pile of aggregate squarely, not with the wheels steering sideways.
Avoid continuing to push the machine forward once the shovel has reached into
the pile of aggregate and while the shovel is being raised. Avoid using the
shovel for lifting other loads. Avoid using the shovel as if it were a grader.

- operate the water pump and add the rest of the water to the drum, then stop
the pump;
- load the rest of the aggregate and cement using the same procedure as
described above;
- adjust the mixture as necessary by adding extra water.

DANGER
Climbing on to the machine to check the consistency of the mixture is strictly
forbidden. If necessary, discharge a little mixture into a container.

TO UNLOAD THE CONCRETE MIXTURE, PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:

- adjust the chute to the required position;
- reverse the drum's sense of rotation by means of the button provided and
keep up a moderate speed. An excessive turning speed does not facilitate a
rapid discharging action;
72

IMPORTANT
A safety valve operated by the shovel arms prevents the turning drum assembly
chassis from turning if the shovel is raised above a certain height.

DANGER

Use the 300° machine discharging option only when t he vehicle is at a standstill
and on flat, firm ground. It is forbidden to allow the drum assembly to turn when
the discharging troughs (chute extensions) have been attached for unloading
the mixture.

DANGER
The drum turning pump is fitted with a mechanical control for use in the event of
a failure occurring in the electric system to which it is connected.
This operation must be performed with the diesel engine on and the
engine hood raised, so pay careful attention to any hot and/or moving
parts (belt, radiator cooling fan, etc.) to avoid the risk of severe injury.

fig. 4.13

Push with the tip of a pointed tool on

the cursors A and B of the solenoid
valve according to the sense of
rotation that you require.

WASHING THE MACHINE

For instructions on how to wash the machine, see item 3.7.

IMPORTANT
The drum must be washed every day, or every time it is not used for a
period of time long enough to allow for the remains of concrete to harden
(see item 4.14.3).
Scraps of concrete left inside the drum can upset its balance and consequently
damage the bearings of the epicyclical reduction gear (see item 4.14.4).
Replace both the drum wheels when either one is damaged in order to avoid an
unbalanced rotation, which can cause damage to the epicyclical reduction gear.
 73

3.15 STOPPING AND PARKING THE MACHINE

Whenever possible, stop the machine on a flat and dry area of ground.
Proceed as follows:
- stop the machine by gradually releasing the accelerator pedal and pressing the
brake pedal to gently bring the machine to a halt. Keep the service brake on until
you have applied the parking brake and disabled the hydrostatic drive;
- bring the gear lever and the forward-reverse lever into neutral;
- apply the parking brake;
- stop the drum rotation;
- lower the shovel onto the ground;
- stop the engine by bringing the hand accelerator lever into the minimum
position and turning the key in the starter switch anticlockwise.

IMPORTANT
Before switching off the engine, it is advisable to allow it to idle for about 2
minutes (especially when the machine has been at work for some time) so that
it can cool down more gradually.

DANGER
Never leave the machine unattended with the engine running or with the key in
the starter, and never get on or off the machine while it is in motion.
Before switching off the diesel engine, always make sure that the drum has
stopped turning.

- Remove the key from the starter;

- Make sure that all the switches have been disconnected before leaving the
machine. If necessary, leave on the hazard lights.
- To get off the machine, use the handles and steps provided.

3.16 HANDLING A MACHINE THAT HAS BROKEN DOWN

IMPORTANT
Never tow the machine unless there is no alternative.
Remember that towing can cause further damage to the machine. Whenever
possible, repair the machine where it stands.
It is absolutely forbidden to use the machine for towing purposes.

DANGER
Towing a machine that is no longer in a condition to move independently can
lead to severe, even fatal injury if it is not done properly.
Before releasing the brakes, block the vehicle in place. If it is not blocked, the
machine could move unexpectedly.
Make sure that all the necessary repairs and adjustments have been made
before working with a machine that has been towed to the workshop.
74

Read the following instructions carefully before towing the machine

Only tow the machine over short distances; for longer distances use a suitable
means of transport. During towing, keep your speed as low as possible.
Use a rigid tow-bar with a strength at least 1½ times the gross weight of the
machine being towed.
The towing vehicle must have a tractive force and braking force sufficient to
shift and stop the machine even in difficult conditions (uphill and downhill).
There must be no unauthorized person on the machine while it is being towed.

The operator of the machine being towed must steer towards the tow-bar,
keeping it as squarely positioned as possible. Never exceed an angle of 30°
from the perpendicular.
Abrupt movements of the towing vehicle could overload the tow-bar and cause it
to break. Be careful to move the machine that is being towed as slowly and
smoothly as possible.
Connect the towing apparatus to the machine before releasing the brakes.

DANGER

It is impossible to provide instructions for all the various towing situations that it
might prove necessary to deal with, so it is advisable to consult the machine
dealer if you have any doubts.

PREPARING FOR TOWING

- apply the parking brake;

- put both the drive control levers into neutral;
- prepare the machine for transit (see item 3.18);
- if the engine cannot be started up, it may be necessary to arrange the drum
and/or shovel into the right position for transit. The procedure for this
operation depends on the conditions of the machine and of the hydraulic
circuits. It is therefore advisable to contact the dealer for assistance and
advice before proceeding with this operation;
- connect the tow-bar to the front towing device (fig. 3.16). This device is of a
test-approved type;

fig. 3.16
 75

DANGER
Bear in mind that the steering becomes much heavier if the engine is not on.

- release the parking brake to allow for the machine to move. The parking
brake is of the negative type (i.e. normally braking) so it is only when the diesel
engine is on and the corresponding hydraulic circuit is in order that the brake
can be released. If the engine cannot be started or there is a fault in the
hydraulic circuit, the parking brake can only be released by using the quick-
release mechanism, i.e. by tapping lightly with a mallet on the outer ring of the
retainer assembly.

DANGER
Once repairs have been made, restore the brake by sending oil to the jack (see
item 4 of section 3.5 on how to apply and release the brake) to obtain its
automatic re-engagement. Check the proper operation of the brake before
using the machine.
76

3.17 LOADING AND TRANSPORTING THE MACHINE

IMPORTANT
Before transporting the machine, make sure that you have complied with the
regulations and legislation in the country or countries where the machine is to
transit.
Make sure that the vehicle you use is suitable for transporting the machine. See
item 5.1 for the dimensions and weight of the machine.

DANGER
Before loading the machine onto the means of transport, make sure that the
latter, and the loading ramp, have no traces of oil, grease or ice. Remove any
traces of oil, grease or ice from the tires of the machine. Make sure that the
machine does not interfere with the edge of the ramp.

- Block the wheels of the vehicle being used for transporting the mixer with
wedges.
Position the wedges at the front and back of the carrier vehicle’s wheels.
- Make sure that the ramps are suitably positioned and stop the machine in the
position suitable for transit.
- Lower the shovel onto the vehicle used for transporting the mixer, and put
the drive in neutral.
- Stop the engine, apply the parking brake and remove the starter key.
- Place wedges under the front and back of all the transported machine’s
wheels.
- Anchor the machine to the vehicle being used to transport the mixer, taking
care to ensure that the cables or chains cross over.
- The anchorage points "X" are indicated in the figures below.

fig. 3.17

DANGER
Measure the maximum height of the machine from the ground. Make sure that
the driver of the vehicle used for transporting the mixer is aware of the overall
dimensions before his departure.
 77

3.18 TRANSIT BY ROAD

When traveling by road, keep scrupulously to the requirements of the highway
code applicable in the country where you are in transit. In addition, always bear
in mind the following points:
- before you start out, check that the lights for traveling by road are in good
working order;
- before you start out, it is compulsory to position the following safety blocks
(see item 4.3.1.): shovel arm safety tie rod and drum assembly rotation
safety tie rod;
- while in transit by road, you can use the second gear, providing you are not
traveling on a slope. If there is a gradient, use ONLY the first gear (i.e. the
working gear);
- never attempt to change gear (first or second) while the machine is in
motion;
- the traveling speed will depend on the turning speed of the engine (rpm);
- remove any elements that project from the main body of the machine.

DANGER
Remove the safety blocks (see item 4.3.1) before starting normal working
operations.

3.19 LENGTHY PERIODS OF INACTIVITY

If the machine is not expected to be in regular use for a lengthy period of time, it
is advisable to take the following steps.

- Park the machine on a flat, firm area of ground, preferably under cover and
with the wheels on wooden planks to protect them from the damp.
- Remove the key from the starter.
- Accurately wash the machine and grease it thoroughly, fill the tank with fuel
and apply the parking brake.
- Periodically start the engine and move all the machine parts to avoid linings,
gaskets, studs, etc. becoming stuck.

3.20 DISPOSING OF THE MACHINE

The machine is made of materials that are suitable for recycling. When it has to
be disposed of, therefore, it must be handed over to a waste disposal specialist
for the dismantling and recycling of the component parts in compliance with
current legislation in the country concerned.
78

3.21 ROPS/FOPS CAB

In the CE version, the machine is equipped with a driver’s cab with a
ROPS/FOPS structure for protection in the event of the machine overturning or
of objects falling onto it.

DANGER
The ROPS/FOPS structure can be dangerous if it is improperly altered or
repaired. Do not make any changes or attempts to repair the ROPS/FOPS
structure. If the cab is involved in an accident, do not use the machine until the
ROPS/FOPS structure has been checked and repaired by a qualified
technician. For customer support, call in your local CARMIX agent.
Failure to comply with these precautions can lead to severe, even mortal, injury
to the operator.

Check the structure for any damage.

Check that the bolts fixing the structure to the cab are all in place, suitably
tightened and undamaged. Tighten them as and when necessary.

3.21.1 DRIVER’S CAB ACCESSORIES

The driver’s cab is equipped with interior lighting situated on the roof of the cab,
complete with a switch for turning it on and off.
The cab is also fitted with a motor-driven windscreen washer which is tripped by the
switch 25 illustrated in fig. 3.03. The water container is situated behind the seat.

3.22 SEAT BELT

In the CE version, the machine is equipped with a safety belt that must always
be fastened before taking any action with the machine. Working without the
safety belt properly fastened increases the risk of accident.

DANGER
Always check the conditions of the seat belt and its fixing bolts before starting
the machine. If the belt were to break, it could lead to severe, even mortal injury
to the operator in the event of the machine overturning.
Replace the seat belt at least once every three years, regardless of its apparent
condition.

To fasten the seat belt, proceed as follows:

- insert the tab in the buckle;
- give it a tug to make sure it has engaged and then adjust the length of the
belt to suit the operator.

DANGER
The belt is adjusted correctly when it is pulled taut against the operator’s body.
 79

To release the belt, simply press the red button and slide the tab out of the
buckle.

Keep the belt fastened properly all the time the machine is in operation.

3.23 LIFTING THE MACHINE

The machine must only be lifted with the aid of a platform, to which it must be
suitably anchored (see item 3.17). The lifting conditions depend on the combination
of the machine and platform and must therefore be assessed case by case.

DANGER
Apply the safety devices for preventing drum rotation and blocking the
shovel arms (see item 4.3.1) before lifting, in order to avoid any shifting of
the load during handling.

3.24 VERSION WITH FOUR STEERING WHEELS

3.24.1 STEERING MODES

By means of the selector (4) illustrated in figure 3.3, you can modify the way in
which the vehicle is steered, i.e. you can switch from using two-wheel steering
to four-wheel (tight-turn or crab) steering and vice versa.
Switching from one system to the other must be done with the front and rear
axles perfectly aligned with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
The sticker situated near the selector enables you to establish immediately
which type of steering has been selected.

DANGER
The steering mode must only be changed when the vehicle is at a standstill.

3.24.2 CHOOSING THE TYPE OF STEERING

The choice of steering mode depends on the type of maneuver you intend to
perform, but when in transit by road only the two-wheel steering mode must be
used.

DANGER
When using the four-wheel steering mode, avoid changing direction abruptly
when on higher speeds in order to avoid adding to the risk of tipping.
 85

4 - MAINTENANCE

4.1 LUBRICANTS - HYGIENE AND SAFETY

REQUIREMENTS
It is extremely important for you to read and understand the information
contained in this section and in the publications to which it refers. Make sure
that any colleagues who handle lubricants also read this information.

4.1.1 HYGIENE

Prolonged contact of the skin with oils can cause irritation.

It is therefore advisable to wear rubber gloves for handling oils and to protect
your eyes with goggles.
After handling oils, always wash your hands accurately with soap and water.

4.1.2 STORAGE

Always keep lubricants out of the reach of children; never keep lubricants out of
doors or in unlabelled containers.

4.1.3 DISPOSAL

All waste products must be disposed of in compliance with the relevant current
regulations.
Collect the used oil in suitable containers and have it disposed of by specialist
waste disposal centers.

4.1.4 SPILLAGES

In the event of oil spillages, absorb the oil with an approved type of absorbent
sand or granules.
Scrape up the material and take it to a chemical waste disposal specialist for
disposal.

4.1.5 FIRST AID

EYES : in the event of contact with the eyes, rinse well with water for
15 minutes. If the irritation persists, go to a casualties
department for medical advise.

INGESTION : in the event of oil being ingested, do not induce vomiting.

Seek medical advice.

SKIN : in the event of excessive and prolonged contact with the skin,
wash well with soap and water.
86

4.1.6 FIRE

Use dust extinguishers.

Do not use water.
People responsible for dealing with the fire must use individual breathing
apparatus.

4.2 SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE

A machine that is not properly looked after becomes a hazard for the operator
and for anybody in the vicinity. Make sure that the recommended maintenance
and lubrication procedures are performed according to the intervals indicated in
the servicing instructions in order to maintain the machine in efficient and safe
working conditions. The maintenance operations are based on the machine’s
working hours. Check and ensure the efficiency of the hour-counter to correctly
establish the servicing intervals.
Make sure that any defects encountered during the maintenance procedures
are promptly eliminated before operating the machine.

IMPORTANT
During the running-in period, inspections and oil changes do not follow the
deadlines specified in the table. In particular:

AFTER THE FIRST 100 HOURS IT IS NECESSARY TO:

1) Change the oil in the differential gear and epicyclical reduction gear;
2) Change the oil in the gearbox;
3) Change the oil in the drum rotation reduction gear.
4) Change the oil in the high pressure water pump (if assembled).
AFTER THE FIRST 200 HOURS IT IS NECESSARY TO:
1) Replace the cartridge in the oil filter on the intake for the hydraulic drive pump;
2) Replace the filter cartridge on the hydraulic circuit’s return line;
3) Clean the hydraulic oil tank;
4) Change the hydraulic oil.

DANGER
Maintenance operations must be performed by qualified and competent personnel.

Every 10 working hours

1) Overall visual inspection.

2) Clean engine air filter.
3) Check level of refrigerant fluid.
4) Check oil level and filters in hydraulic circuit.
5) Check level of engine oil.
6) Check pressure and condition of tires.
7) Check level of oil for hydraulic brakes.
8) Check tightness of bolts on wheel rims.
9) Check operation of instrumentation.
10) Check operation of warning lights and horn.
11) Check operation of parking brake and service brake.
 87

12) Check operation of steering and hydraulic mixer operations.

13) Check condition of seat belt (if any).
14) Check ROPS/FOPS structure (if any) and tightness of fixing bolts.
15) Check safety labels.

Every 50 working hours or once a week - whichever comes first

(in addition to the operations listed above)

1) Check for leaks in assemblies and piping.

2) Tighten nuts and bolts.
3) Clean radiator fins.
4) Grease all studs, joints, etc.
5) Check engine air filter cartridges.

Every 250 working hours

(in addition to the operations listed above)

1) Top up oil in differential gears.

2) Top up oil in wheel reduction gears.
3) Top up oil in reduction gears and gearbox.
4) Top up oil in the high pressure water pump (if assembled).
5) Check for rubbing or damage to flexible conduits.
6) Check battery electrolyte and terminals.
7) Change engine oil and filter
8) Change fuel filter
9) Change fuel prefilter

Every 500 working hours

(in addition to the operations listed above)

1) Change hydraulic system filters.

2) Top up refrigerant fluid in engine cooling radiator.
3) Change oil in the high pressure water pump (if assembled).

Every 1000 working hours or every year - whichever comes first

(in addition to the operations listed above)

1) Change oil in differential gear.

2) Change oil in hydraulic system.
3) Change oil in wheel reduction gears.
4) Change oil in reduction gears and gearbox.
5) Change refrigerant fluid in the engine radiator.

IMPORTANT
See item 5.6 for the table summarizing the scheduled maintenance operations.

IMPORTANT
As far as the others operations for maintenance the diesel engine are
concerned, see the attached “Engine use and maintenance handbook” which
forms an integral part of this handbook. If you do not have a copy, request one
at your dealer.
88

4.3 BEFORE DOING MAINTENANCE

Attach a warning card “DO NOT START THE ENGINE” to the starter switch or
controls before starting any maintenance work on the machine; maintenance
must always be done with the concrete mixer drum empty.
Unless specified otherwise, all maintenance operations must be performed as
follows:
- park the machine on a flat and dry area of ground;
- apply the parking brake;
- switch off the engine;
- put the drive levers (forward-reverse and gear levers) in neutral;
- lower the shovel onto the ground;
- switch off the engine;
- remove the key from the starter;
- do not allow any unauthorized persons to climb onto the machine;
- do not disconnect pipes or parts from circuits under pressure. Always release
the pressure first;
- never raise the hood while the engine is on (unless this is specifically
necessary); bear in mind that any contact with hot oil or engine components
can cause burns. Make sure that the engine is cold before taking any action;
- close all the jacks in order to check and top up the hydraulic oil. Do not insist
on applying the mixer operation control levers once the jacks have reached
the end of their stroke;
- wear safety goggles and other accident-prevention clothing, according to the
type of work you are doing;
- never wear loose clothes that could become entangled in the controls or in
other machine parts;
- insert the safety devices in the situations specified in the following pages.

4.3.1 SAFETY DEVICES

SHOVEL ARM SAFETY TIE ROD

DANGER
Before performing any maintenance work with the shovel arms raised, position
the tie rod provided as illustrated below in order to avoid the risk of severe, even
fatal injury to the operator or any other person.

INSTALLATION

1) Make sure that the parking brake is on and that the drive lever is in neutral;

2) raise the shovel arms;

DANGER
Any erroneous or accidental operation of the hydraulic control levers can cause
severe, even fatal injury to both the operator and other people nearby.

3) remove the fastening pins and slide the tie rod out of its resting position,
fig. 4.01A;
 89

fig. 4.01

DANGER
During the positioning of the tie rod, do not allow anybody to be in the vicinity,
so as to prevent any type of deliberate or accidental gesture that could cause
severe, or even fatal injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.

4) position the tie rod as illustrated in fig. 4.01B and put the fastening pins back
in place;

5) switch off the engine and remove the key from the starter.

DISMANTLING

DANGER
During the removal of the tie rod, do not allow anybody to be in the vicinity so as
to prevent any type of deliberate or accidental gesture that could cause severe,
or even fatal injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.

1) Remove the fastening pins and slide the tie rod out of the position illustrated
in fig. 4.01B;

2) return the tie rod to the position illustrated in fig. 4.01/A and put the fastening
pins back in place.

DRUM ROTATION CHASSIS SAFETY TIE ROD

DANGER
When you have to work on the system for turning the drum assembly, the safety
tie rod must be installed as explained below.
The safety devices have been sized to withstand the weight of the drum alone,
so all the maintenance operations must be performed with the drum empty.
90

Failure to comply with these recommendations can cause severe, or even fatal
injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.
During the positioning of the tie rod, do not allow anybody to be in the vicinity,
so as to prevent any type of deliberate or accidental gesture that could cause
severe, or even fatal injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.
Any erroneous or accidental operation of the hydraulic control levers can cause
severe, or even fatal injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.

fig. 4.03

INSTALLATION

1) Make sure that the parking brake is on and that the drive lever is in neutral;

2) make sure that the machine is on perfectly level ground.

DANGER
Failure to comply with this recommendation can cause severe, or even fatal
injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.

3) check that the drum is in the loading position;

4) switch off the machine and remove the key from the starter;

5) remove the fastening studs and slide the tie rod out of its resting position, as
illustrated in fig. 4.03E;

6) position the tie rod as shown in fig. 4.03F and put the fastening studs back in place.

DISMANTLING

DANGER
During the dismantling of the tie rod, do not allow anybody in the vicinity, in
order to prevent any type of deliberate or accidental gesture that could cause
severe, or even fatal injury, both to the operator and to other people nearby.
 91

1) Remove the fastening studs and slide the tie rod out of the position shown in
fig. 4.03F;

2) position the tie rod as shown in fig. 4.03E and put the tie rod fastening studs
back in place.

4.3.2 DISCONNECTING THE BATTERY AND WELDING

If you have to perform any repairs or maintenance, and particularly if you have
to do any welding on the machine, it is essential to disconnect the battery from
the electric circuits (see item 3.11). Make sure that there are no joints or
gaskets between the earthing cable connection point and the point where the
welding must be done or weighing cells ((if any).

IMPORTANT
The passage of a high-voltage (welding) current can damage the (optional)
weighing cells.

4.3.3 ENSURING THAT THE MACHINE IS STABLE

Before taking any action underneath the machine, position wedges at the front
and back of all four wheels.

4.4 GREASING
The machine must be greased regularly to keep it in good working order.
Regular greasing extends the machine’s lifetime.
Greasing must be done with a greasing pump. A few spurts of grease must suffice.
Stop adding grease when the fresh grease begins to overflow.
For the type of grease and the greasing intervals, see items 5.5 and 5.6.

DANGER
Before you start greasing, check that all the safety precautions described in
item 4.3 of this chapter have been taken. In particular:
- parking brake on and drive levers in neutral;
- engine off and starter key removed;
- battery disconnected;
- shovel lowered onto the ground;
- all four wheels blocked between wedges if you are working under the machine.

IMPORTANT
Before injecting grease in the lubricators, clean them accurately to prevent any
mud, dust or other foreign bodies becoming mixed with the grease and thus
reducing or even destroying its lubricating effect.

The following diagram illustrates all the lubrication points. Count them as you
proceed with the greasing operation.
 92

fig. 4.04
4.4.1 DIAGRAM OF LUBRICATION POINTS

NOTE: Keep the cover guides clean and well greased.

1) Rocker arch 6) Drum wheels 11) Shovel arms
2) Drive shaft 7) Parking brake jack 12) Chute bearing
3) Fifth wheel 8) Shovel arm lifting jack 13) Chute lifting jack
4) Gear box cable 9) Brake pedal 14) Shovel cover jack
5) Steering axles joint* 10) Shovel tipping jack 15) Drum rotation reduction gear stud

* back and front in the case of the 4 steering wheel version

 93

4.5 TIRES AND WHEELS

DANGER
Tires that have been over-inflated or over-heated can explode. Do not cut or
weld the wheel rims. Have any repairs done by a specialist.

The instructions given below are only suitable for adding extra air to a tire which
has already been inflated. If a tire has gone completely flat, call in a qualified
tire specialist equipped with a tire inflating cage and the equipment needed to
deal with such cases.

fig. 4.05

DANGER
When you remove a wheel, always apply wedges to the wheels that remain
standing on the ground. Otherwise the machine may slip and crush the person
underneath. Never work under the machine while it is supported on the jacks
alone; provide suitable additional support under the axles instead. Bear in mind
that the rear axle is of the rocking type.

Before taking any action whatsoever, check that all the precautions specified in
item 4.3 have been taken.
- Before adding air to the tire, make sure that the wheel is mounted properly
on the machine or inside a tire inflating cage.
- To inflate the tire, only use an air delivery system fitted with a pressure
controller.
Set the controller to no more than 1 bar beyond the specified tire pressure.
See the table in item 5.4 for the tire pressure specifications.
Use a flexible (compressed air) conduit fitted with a self-locking coupling and
an on-off valve.
- Before adding air, make sure that the flexible conduit is properly connected
to the tire valve. Make anybody in the vicinity stand well back from the area
concerned and always stand behind the tread while injecting air in the tire.
- Inflate the tire to the specified pressure. Never exceed the values specified in
item 5.4.
94

DANGER
On new machines, and every time a tire has been changed, check the torque
on the wheel nuts every 4 working hours until they become completely stable.
Every day, before you start work, check the tightness of the nuts on the wheels.
The right torque wrench setting for the stud bolt nuts is as follows:
SCREW TORQUE
M22 x 1.5 650 Nm

4.6 BRAKES
The braking system is of the dual-circuit type for service and secondary braking.
The parking brake is of the negative, hydraulic-control type, acting directly on
the front axle.

DANGER
Faulty brakes can be highly dangerous. For any problem in the braking system,
consult a specialist. If the level of the oil in the tank drops, have the braking system
checked. Do not use the machine until the fault has been detected and eliminated.

Before taking any action whatsoever, check that all the precautions specified in
item 4.3 have been taken.
Every 10 hours, check the level of the brake fluid, topping it up as and when
necessary through the tank inlet (see figure 4.06), and using ONLY the oil
specified in item 5.5.

fig. 4.06

DANGER
Using an unsuitable brake fluid can damage the system. The fluid can be
harmful to the skin, so wear rubber gloves and protect any skin areas that are
cut or scratched.
 95

fig. 4.07

DANGER
The parking brake is of the negative, hydraulically-controlled type and needs no
adjustment, so do not manhandle the limit stops.
Do not use the parking brake to reduce the speed of the vehicle in transit,
except in the case of an emergency.

4.7 ENGINE AIR FILTER

IMPORTANT
Never run the engine without the air filter installed or if the air filter is damaged.
Never use an air filter that is creased or has suffered damage to the sealing
elements. Dirt entering the engine can cause premature wear and tear on the
engine parts. The air filters help to prevent airborne dirt and dust entering the
engine air intake.

IMPORTANT
To avoid dirt entering the engine, never undertake any maintenance on the
engine air filter while the engine is running.

IMPORTANT
It becomes necessary to change the filter every time there are evident signs of
wear and tear, dirt or rust on the filter components. If this is not the case, the
filter can simply be cleaned.

IMPORTANT
It becomes necessary to change the filter every time there are evident signs of
wear and tear, dirt or rust on the filter components. If this is not the case, the
filter can simply be cleaned.

IMPORTANT
Check the piping and elbow joints in the air intake system every day to make
sure there are no signs of any damage or loose clamps.

DANGER
Before lifting the hood, always switch off the engine, unless otherwise specified.
Any contact with the hot oil or engine components can cause burning.
Make sure that the engine is cold before you proceed.
96

4.7.1 CLEANING THE PREFILTER fig. 4.08

- Stop the engine and, before you
take any action whatsoever, check
that all the precautions specified in
item 4.3 have been taken.
- Open the engine hood.
- Remove the filter cover.
Unscrew the butterfly nut A and
raise the cover B.
- Empty and clean the bowl.
Remove the bowl C and empty it.
Do not allow any of the dust to drop
back into the intake pipe. Clean the
bowl.
Remove any oil or grease by washing
it with hot water and a little detergent.
Dry and re-install the bowl.
- Re-install the bowl C.

Carefully position the bowl C on the filter assembly. Position the cover B on
top and fix it in place with the butterfly nut A (fig. 4.08).
- Close the engine hood.

IMPORTANT
Never run the engine if the prefilter has been removed.
Empty the prefilter whenever it is over one-third full.

4.7.2 REPLACING OR CLEANING THE MAIN FILTER CARTRIDGE

IMPORTANT
The air filter must be considered clogged whenever the indicator in fig. 4.09
becomes red. After cleaning or replacing the filter, press the button on the
indicator to restore it.
N.B. The clogged filter indicator works even when the diesel engine is off, so
only lift the hood to check the indicator when the engine is off.

- Stop the engine and check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have
been taken.
- Open the engine hood.
- Clean the prefilter as explained above.
- Remove the filter body cover by unscrewing the outer screw.
- Remove the cartridge.

- Unscrew the nut A, gently draw out the cartridge B and taking care to avoid
bumping it against the housing (fig. 4.10).
 97

fig. 4.09

- Clean the inside of the air filter housing.

- Fit the new cartridge (or clean and replace the old cartridge).
Insert the new or clean cartridge in the filter body and make sure that it is in
the right position, applying a layer of grease around the gasket. Check for
any presence of a witness mark on the base of the filter body. Tighten the
nut A.
- Replace the cover over the filter body and tighten the outer screw. Check
that the gasket on the cover is in the right position.
- Check that the flexible conduits are intact and that they ensure a valid seal.
- Close the engine hood.

fig. 4.10
98

4.7.3 REPLACING OR CLEANING THE SAFETY CARTRIDGE

- Proceed as explained in items 4.7.1 and 4.7.2 above for cleaning the air
prefilter and replacing the main filter cartridge.
- Unscrew the nut C and remove the safety cartridge D (fig. 4.10).
- Clean the inside of the filter housing.
- Fit a new safety cartridge (or clean and re-install the old one)
Put the new cartridge in the filter body and make sure that it is in the right
position, then apply a layer of grease around the gasket. Check for the
presence of a witness mark on the base of the filter body. Tighten the nut C.
- Put the main filter element back in place, as explained in the previous item.

The dry air filter contains an automatic discharging valve (fig. 4.11), by means of
which the dust is expelled from the filter. This rubber valve must be kept clean.

fig. 4.11

4.8 ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM

DANGER
At working temperatures, the refrigerant is very hot and under pressure. The
steam can cause personal injury.
Before you take any action whatsoever, check that all the precautions specified
in item 4.3 have been taken.
Check the level of the fluid ONLY with the engine switched off and when the
cap on the radiator is cold enough for you to touch it with your bare hands.
Unscrew the radiator cap slowly, without removing it completely, so as to
gradually release the pressure. The refrigerant contains alkalis, so avoid any
contact with the eyes and skin to prevent personal injury.

For the scheduled inspection, topping up or changing operations, see item 5.6.
Proceed earlier than scheduled with the replacement of the refrigerant fluid if
you detect any signs of dirt or foaming.
To change the refrigerant, proceed as follows:

DANGER
When the engine is on, take great care in working near the radiator, since the
fan can cause severe injury.
 99

fig. 4.12

- Loosen the radiator cap A very slowly, so as to gradually release the

pressure, then remove the cap completely.
- Open the radiator drainage cock B and discharge all the refrigerant fluid.
- Close the drainage cock B.
- Fill the cooling system with a detergent solution. Any standard detergent
specifically designed for cooling systems will be suitable.
- Start the engine and run it for half an hour.
- Stop the engine and drain off all the detergent solution.
- Rinse the system with clean water until the water coming out is perfectly
clear. Do not run the engine while rinsing the cooling circuit.
- Close the drainage cock B. Fill the system with a neutralizing solution. Any
standard neutralizing solution for cooling systems available on the market will
be suitable.
- Start the engine and run it for 10 minutes.
- Stop the engine and pour off the neutralizing solution.
- Rinse the system with clean water until the water coming out is perfectly
clear. Do not run the engine while rinsing the cooling circuit.
- Close the drainage cock B.
- Fill the system with clean water and run the engine for 5 minutes.
- Stop the engine. Drain the system and then close the drainage cock B.
- Repeat this rinsing procedure as often as may be necessary until the water
draining off is perfectly clean.
- Add the refrigerant fluid.
- Start the engine and run it without replacing the cap A on the radiator until
the thermostat valve opens and the level of the fluid becomes stable.
- Stop the engine.
100

- Keep the level of the fluid about 15 mm below the base of the filler pipe.
- Put the cap A back in place on the radiator.

COOLING CIRCUIT CAPACITY FREEZING POINT ANTIFREEZE

14 lt. -15° C 30% 4,2 lt.
14 lt. -25°C 40% 5,6 lt.
14 lt. -35°C 50% 7,0 lt.

IMPORTANT
At the time of delivery from the manufacturer, the machine is filled with 45%
antifreeze. The freezing point for the fluid in the cooling circuit is consequently
30°C below zero.

4.9 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

DANGER
Very fine sprays of hydraulic fluid under pressure can penetrate the skin. Do not
use your fingers to detect any leaks, and do not bring your face close up to any
leaks. Use a piece of cardboard to check for any presence of hydraulic fluid. If
the fluid penetrates the skin, seek medical attention immediately.

IMPORTANT
Do not start the engine if the hydraulic tank’s cap has been removed.

fig. 4.13

A = Oil level indicator on tank

B = Drive circuit intake filter
C = Mixer operations circuit return filter
 101

4.9.1. CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE OIL

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 of this chapter have been
taken.

IMPORTANT
Checking and topping up the hydraulic oil must be done with all the jacks
closed. Never insist on applying the mixer operation control levers when the
jacks are at the end of their stroke.

- Every 10 working hours, lift the engine compartment hood and check the
hydraulic oil level (indicator A).
If the fluid looks cloudy, this means that air or water has got into the system
and may damage the pump, in which case you should call the dealer.
- If necessary, top up the fluid (see item 5.5) through the cap on the tank until
it reaches the right level again.
- Close the engine hood.

DANGER
All the connectors must be constantly checked and tightened as necessary.
Especially during the first hours of work, the components sometimes settle as a
result of stresses or temperature changes and could consequently cause the
connectors to work loose.

Every 1000 working hours it becomes necessary to change the hydraulic oil.
The fluid is emptied through a cock situated in the bottom of the tank.
Replace it only with the type of oil indicated in item 5.5.

4.9.2 CHANGING FILTERS

DANGER
The clogged filter indicators must be checked with the diesel engine on
and the hood raised: it is therefore important to pay careful attention to all
the hot and moving parts (belt, radiator cooling fan, etc.) to avoid the risk
of severe accident.

IMPORTANT
In the filters provided with clogging indicators, the cartridge must be changed every
time the indicator prompts you to do so, regardless of the number of working hours.
The suction filter must be considered clogged whenever the needle points to the
red zone, indicating a negative pressure of at least -0.2 bar (~ 20 cm Hg) once
the oil has warmed up. The return filter must be considered clogged if a
pressure of at least 4 bar is indicated once the oil has warmed up.
The filters in the hydraulic system must be changed at least once a year,
regardless of the number of working hours.
102

IMPORTANT
At low temperatures and during the engine starting phase, the indicators may
signal clogging of the filters when they are actually still efficient.
Use the diesel engine at a low turning speed until the hydraulic oil has
warmed up.
If the indicator continues to indicate a clogged filter even when the oil is warm,
stop the engine and replace the cartridge.

It is absolutely essential for the filters in the hydraulic system to be replaced

according to the intervals indicated in item 5.6.

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been taken.
- Lift the engine compartment hood.
- Position a container under the filter to collect the oil.
- Unscrew the filter you intend to replace with the aid of a chain pipe wrench
(figure 4.13). The cartridge contains hydraulic fluid, so keep your face well
clear of the escaping fluid.
- Fit the new cartridge.
Clean the coupling surface on the new cartridge and on the filter housing.
Spread some hydraulic fluid over the filter gasket.
Screw down the new cartridge and tighten by hand.
- Top up the hydraulic fluid (see item 4.9.1) to the required level.
- Close the engine hood.
- Turn on the engine and run it for a few minutes, then check the assembly for
leaks.

IMPORTANT
The hydraulic oil filter cartridges cannot be cleaned or washed and reused.
They must be replaced.
After changing the filters, run the engine on minimum speed for a few minutes
to purge off the air that has entered the circuit.
 103

4.9.3 PRESSURE CONTROL POINTS IN THE HYDRAULIC

CIRCUITS AND THEIR NORMAL VALUES

IMPORTANT
The pressure settings must be verified with the oil at a temperature of 50°C and
with the diesel engine running at ~ 2300 rpm.

FIFTH WHEEL ROTATING SYSTEM

Pressure setting for the control valves (point X) .......................... 60 BAR

COVER OPENING SYSTEM

Pressure setting for the control valve (point Y) ............................. 50 BAR

MIXER OPERATION CIRCUIT MAX PRESSURE VALVE

Pressure setting...........................….............................................. 140 BAR

Pressure reading point Y, X

STEERING SYSTEM

Pressure setting for max pressure valve ...................................... 160 BAR

N.B. THE PRESSURE MUST BE MEASURED AFTER BRINGING THE

STEERING WHEEL TO THE END OF ITS STROKE.

Pressure reading point Y

fig. 4.14
104

HYDROSTATIC DRIVE SYSTEM

fig. 4.15

POINTS TO CHECK PRESSURE GAUGE CONNECTION

Ma Mixer operation line A 600 bar M12 x 1.5

Mb Mixer operation line B 600 bar M12 x 1.5

G M14 x 1.5
Delivery pressure 40 bar
FA M18 x 1.5

R Pressure in casing 10 bar M12 x 1.5

• Working pressure
High pressure line........ Ma - Mb ........................ 450 bar at 2300 rpm
Delivery line ....... G/FA .....................…………………...... 32 bar
 105

DRUM ROTATING SYSTEM

• Working pressure.........................................……............... 140-180 BAR

• Max valve pressure setting
- Ma - Mb .........................................……........................... 250 BAR
• Drum rotating pump delivery pressure:
- G with drum turning ...............................……................... ~18 BAR
- G with drum at a standstill ....................…….................... ~22 BAR

• Pressure reading points

fig. 4.16

• Connections for pressure reading points

Ma-Mb ............................................................................................. 1/4” GAS

G ..................................................................................................... 1/8” GAS

DANGER
The pump for turning the drum is fitted with a mechanical control for use in the
event of a failure occurring in the electric system to which it is connected.
This operation must be performed with the diesel engine on and the
engine compartment hood raised, so pay careful attention to any hot
and/or moving parts (belt, radiator fan, etc.) to avoid the risk of severe
injury.
fig. 4.17

Push with the tip of a pointed tool on

the cursors A and B situated in the
middle of the solenoid valve according
to the sense of rotation that you
require.
106

4.10 FRONT AND REAR AXLES

The front axle is integrated with the chassis and is of the steering type.
In the version with 2 steering wheels, the rear axle is fixed; in the version with 4
steering wheels, it is of the steering type and in both cases it rocks through
about ± 8°. This solution ensures the permanent con tact of all four wheels with
the ground.

4.10.1 CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE OIL IN THE
DIFFERENTIAL GEARS (Front and Rear)

fig. 4.18

1) FILLING 2) DRAINAGE 3) LEVEL

Every 250 working hours, check the level of the oil in the differential gears.

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been taken.
- Clean the area around the level control holes and filling caps (fig. 4.18).
- Remove an oil level plug and check whether the oil is level with the hole.
- If necessary, top up with oil through the filling cap until it overflows from the
level control hole.
- Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
- Clean the plugs and put them back in place.

Every 1000 working hours, change the oil.

- Remove the filling caps and level control plugs.

- Place specific containers of suitable size under the three drainage outlets
(figure 4.18).
- Remove the drainage plugs and allow the oil to pour off completely.
- Clean the drainage plugs and put them back in place.
- Pour in new oil through the filling cap until it overflows from the level control hole.
- Clean the level control plugs and filling cap and put them back in place.
 107

IMPORTANT
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.

4.10.2 CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE OIL IN THE
WHEEL REDUCTION GEARS (Front and Rear)

Every 250 working hours, check the level of the oil in the wheel reduction
gears.

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
Check that the wheel is in the position illustrated in figure 4.19.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been taken.
- Clean the area around the oil level control point B.

fig. 4.19

- Remove the plug B and check that the oil level comes up to the hole.
- If necessary, top up the oil through the same hole until it overflows.
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
- Clean the plug B and put it back in place.

Every 1000 working hours, change the oil.

- Park the machine with the wheel in the position illustrated in figure 4.20.

fig. 4.20

- Place a container of suitable size underneath the outlet.

- Remove the plug and allow the oil to pour off completely.
108

- Return the wheel to the position indicated in figure 4.19.

- Add new oil through the same hole until it overflows.
- Clean the plug B and put it back in place.

IMPORTANT
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.

4.11 CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE OIL

IN THE GEARBOX
Every 250 working hours check the level of the oil in the gearbox.

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been taken.
- Clean the area around the level control point (fig. 4.21)

fig. 4.21

1) LEVEL CONTROL AND FILLING

2) DRAINAGE

- Remove the plug and check that the oil is on a level with the hole.
- If necessary, top up with oil through the same hole until it overflows.
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
- Clean the plug and put it back in place.

Every 1000 working hours change the oil.

- Remove the oil filling plug.

- Place a container of suitable size underneath the oil drainage outlet.
- Remove the plug from the oil outlet and allow the oil to pour off completely
from the gearbox.
- Clean the drainage plug and put it back in place.
- Add new oil through the filling inlet until it overflows from the hole.
- Clean the filling plug and put it back in place.

IMPORTANT
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
 109

4.12 CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE OIL

IN THE DRUM ROTATION REDUCTION GEAR
Every 250 working hours, check the level of the oil in the drum reduction gear

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 of this chapter have been
taken.
- Bring the drum into the position illustrated in figure 4.22
fig. 4.22

1) FILLING 2) LEVEL CONTROL DRAINAGE

- Clean the area around the level control plug.

- Remove the plug and check that the oil is on a level with the hole.
- If necessary, top up with oil through the filling cap until it overflows from the
level control hole.
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
- Clean both the cap and the plug and put them back in place.

Every 1000 working hours change the oil.

- Place a container of suitable size underneath the plug.

- Turn the drum so as to bring the drainage plug into its lowest possible position.
- Remove both the filler cap and the level control plug and allow the oil to pour
off completely.
- Restore the drum to the position indicated in figure 4.22.
- Add new oil through the filling hole until it overflows from the level control hole.
- Clean both the cap and the plug and put them back in place.

IMPORTANT
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
110

4.13 CHECKING THE OIL LEVEL AND CHANGING THE

OIL IN THE DRUM ASSEMBLY REDUCTION GEAR
The reduction gear in the drum assembly is positioned underneath the drum
assembly and has three plugs: one for checking the oil level, one at the top for
filling purposes and a magnetic plug for draining off the oil at the bottom of the
reduction gear.
fig. 4.23

1) FILLING 2) LEVEL 3) DRAINAGE

Every 250 working hours, check the level of the oil.

- Park the machine on the flat and make sure that the parking brake is on.
- Check that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been taken.
- Check through the indicator plug that the oil level is correct.
- If necessary, top up the oil through the filling hole until the right level is
restored.
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.
- Clean the filler cap and put it back in place.

Every 1000 working hours, change the oil.

- Remove the oil filling cap.

- Place a container of suitable size underneath the oil drainage outlet.
- Remove the drainage plug and allow the oil to pour off completely.
- Clean the drainage plug and put it back in place.
- Pour new oil through the filling hole until you see that the right level has been
reached in the level control indicator plug.
- Clean the filler cap and put it back in place.
 111

IMPORTANT
Use only the type of oil specified in item 5.5.

4.14 WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM

4.14.1 CLEANING THE OUTSIDE FILTER

The filter is situated at the end of the draft pipe. To ensure the proper operation
of the water delivery system, clean this filter regularly.

4.14.2 CLEANING THE FILTER ON THE HIGH PRESSURE PUMP

(OPTIONAL accessory, provided only on request)

The high pressure pump collects water from the bottom of the water tank on the
inside of the left-hand side of the machine.
The high pressure pump filter (fig. 4.24) is at the pump suction inlet from the
tank - whenever the delivery of the high pressure jet of water becomes irregular,
clean this filter.

fig. 4.24

DANGER
Before cleaning the filters in the water delivery system, check that the tanks
are empty and that all the precautions specified in item 4.3 have been
taken.

IMPORTANT
If you have problems with priming or with an inconstant jet of water, check the
clamps and connectors to make sure that no air is getting into the water delivery
system.

4.14.3 WASHING THE DRUM

IMPORTANT
The drum must be washed every day, or every time it is not used for a period of
time long enough to allow for the remains of concrete to harden.
Scraps of concrete inside the drum can upset its balance and consequently
damage the bearings of the epicyclical reduction gear.
112

Replace both the drum wheels when either one is damaged in order to avoid
an unbalanced rotation, which can cause damage to the epicyclical
reduction gear.

To clean the drum, proceed as follows:

- Feed water into the drum by means of the machine’s water delivery system
(see item 3.7).
- Use the button 3 (fig. 3.03) on the instrument dashboard to make the drum
turn in the concrete mixing direction.
- After a few minutes, reverse the drum’s sense of rotation in order to drain off
the water.
- Repeat this operation until the water is sufficiently clean.

DANGER
During the drum washing operations, do NOT remove the inspection ring from
around the opening.
It is forbidden to climb into the drum or onto the machine to facilitate the
cleaning process.

4.14.4 ELIMINATING SOLID CONCRETE SCRAPS

Whenever it becomes necessary to remove solid concrete scraps from the inside of
the drum, which may have developed as a result of inadequate maintenance or a
breakdown, the drum must be dismantled from the machine. After carefully
anchoring the drum, the inspection ring can be removed, by releasing the screws
which attach it to the drum, in order to facilitate the cleaning operations.
After removing the solid concrete scraps, screw the inspection ring back in
place and re-install the drum on the vehicle.

DANGER
These operations must be carried out by trained personnel and all the
necessary precautions must be taken to ensure their protection from the dust
that is produced during the removal of solid concrete waste.

4.15 FUEL SYSTEM

4.15.1 TYPE OF FUEL

To achieve the right power and performance from the engine, use only top-
quality diesel fuel.
If in doubt, consult the refueling station, the dealer or the PERKINS company
for information concerning the suitability of any fuels.
Special winter fuels are available for operating at temperatures below 0°C.
These fuels have a low viscosity and also reduce the formation of wax in the
fuel at low temperatures (any formation of wax in the fuel can obstruct its flow
through the filter).
 113

There are also special additives available which can be mixed with the fuel to
reduce the formation of wax.

4.15.2 FILLING THE FUEL TANK

At the end of each working day, top up the tank with the right type of fuel. This
prevents any condensation forming in the fuel during the night.
You are recommended to lock the cap A on the tank (fig. 4.25) to prevent the
risk of theft or manhandling.

DANGER
Do not use petrol in this machine and do not mix petrol with the diesel fuel. In
the fuel storage tanks any petrol could float to the surface, producing flammable
fumes.

fig. 4.25

To check the level of the diesel fuel in the tank, lift the engine hood (with the
diesel engine off) and check the indicator situated at the back.

DANGER
Diesel oil is flammable. Do not bring open flames in the vicinity of the machine.
Do not smoke during refueling or while working on the engine. Do not refuel
while the engine is running. Failure to comply with these precautions can cause
fire and injury.

For all information concerning any maintenance needed on the fuel system, see
the attached “Engine use and maintenance handbook” which forms an
integral part of this handbook. If you do not have a copy, request one from your
dealer.
114

4.16 ELECTRIC SYSTEM

4.16.1 BATTERY

DANGER
Batteries produce explosive fumes. Do not smoke while handling or working on
the battery.
Keep the batteries well away from open flames or sparks.
The battery electrolyte contains sulfuric acid which can cause burns if it comes
into contact with the skin or eyes. Wear goggles for protection and handle the
batteries with care in order to prevent any spillages. Keep any metallic objects
(watches, rings, zip fasteners, etc.) well away from the battery poles, because
they can cause short circuiting of the latter and a consequent risk of burns.
Before disconnecting or connecting the batteries, disable all the switches in the
driver’s cab. When disconnecting the battery, disconnect the earthing conductor
(-) first.
Charge the battery at a safe distance from the machine, in a well-ventilated
area.
Disable the recharging circuit before connecting or disconnecting the battery.
After installing the battery in the machine, wait five minutes before restoring the
connections.

CHECKING THE ELECTROLYTE

• Open the engine hood; the battery is situated on the left-hand side.
• Clean the battery to prevent any impurities getting into the elements.
• Open the caps and check the fluid level in each cell.
The electrolyte should be 6 mm above the battery elements. If necessary,
top up with deionized distilled water. Do not use metal funnels.
• Close the caps.
• Close the engine hood.

DANGER
Never use acid for the battery. The electrolyte could overflow due to boiling and
cause burns.

FIRST AID PRECAUTIONS - ELECTROLYTE

EYES
Rinse with clean water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention immediately.

INGESTION
Do not induce vomiting. Drink large quantities of water or milk. Then take
magnesia, beaten egg or vegetable oil.

SKIN
Rinse with water. Remove any contaminated clothing.
 115

4.16.2 FUSES AND RELAYS

The electric circuitry is protected by 16 fuses brought together in a box

positioned on the steering column.
Before replacing any fuse with another of the same amperage, seek and
eliminate the fault that caused the fuse to blow.
The following diagram shows the layout of the fuses (front view).

fig. 4.26

Ref. Circuit Amps

F1 30 Emergency 10
F2 Power to wiper, horn, windscreen washer + flash light 15
F3 15 emergency + power to supply to relays 4,5,6 and 8 15
F4 Left side lights + instrument lighting 7.5
F5 Right side lights + side lights warning light 7.5
F6 Dipped beam headlights 15
F7 Main beam headlights 15
F8 Horn 7.5
F9 Ceiling light + hydraulic stop switch + external plug point 10
F10 Manipulator + weighing system 10
F11 Engine cutout 15
F12 Forward-reverse lever + starter buzzer + spark plugs unit + 15
starter timer + RS relay
F13 Switches warning lights + instrument 5
F14 Revolving light 15
F15 Steering selector + drum rotation selector 20
F16 Gasoil pump 20
116

There are also 13 relays situated inside a watertight box under the driver's
platform.
Before changing a relay, be sure to find and overcome the reason for the
problem that has caused it to trip.

Name Amps DESCRIPTION

R1 15/25A Starter timer relay
R2 15/25A Starter buzzer timer relay
R3 15/25A Relay for enabling engine to start in neutral
R4 15/25A Forward drive relay
R5 15/25A Reverse drive relay
R6 15/25A Manipulator button relay
R7 42/46 Watt Intermittence
R8 Speed change stepping relay
R9 15/25A Glow plug warning light relay
AVV 70A Starter motor relay
RS 15/25/A Starter safety relay
K Engine preheater
RIN 15/25/A Hydraulic slow speed warning light relay
 117

4.16.3 LIGHT BULBS

- Front main/dipped beam headlights............................................. 12/45/40W

- Front side lights .......................................................................... 12/3 W
- Front/back turn indicator lights..................................................... 12/21 W
- Rear brake/side lights.................................................................. 12/21/5 W
- Registration plate light (if any)...................................................... 12/5 W
- Flashing lamp ................................................................ halogen 12/55 W

4.16.4 GENERAL FUSE

A 125A fuse has been installed in the position illustrated in the figure in order to
protect the whole electric circuit.

If this fuse blows, seek the reason why it has blown before replacing the fuse
with another of the same amperage.
118
4.17 TROUBLESHOOTING
DANGER
Troubleshooting operations must be done only by trained personnel or by authorized
workshops.
IMPORTANT
The list of problems, with their probable causes and possible solutions, may only be
considered as a guideline to help identify where the problem lies and what repairs
may be necessary. Bear in mind that a problem is usually caused not by a single
component, but by the way it interacts with other elements.
PROBLEM CAUSE
• The engine fails to start. • Battery charge too low.
• Electric connections or starter
faulty.
• Starter motor faulty.
• Fuel filter clogged.
• Inadequate fuel delivery.
• No fuel reaches the cylinders.
• Poor quality fuel.
• Broken fuel piping.
• Engine starts or runs • Low fuel pressure.
abnormally.
SOLUTION
• Check the condition of the
battery; charge or, if
necessary, replace the
battery.
• Repair or replace, as
necessary
• Repair or replace the starter
motor.
• Replace the fuel filter and
prime the system.
• Prime the fuel delivery system
to remove any air from the
circuit. Replace the filter if the
engine still fails to start.
• Make sure that there is fuel in
the tank. Prime the system to
remove any air.
• Remove all the fuel from the
tank. Replace the fuel filter.
Refuel with a good quality
diesel fuel.
• Clean and, if necessary,
replace the fuel piping.
• Make sure that the tank
contains fuel. Check the
piping for leaks or shrinkage.
Prime the fuel system and
check for any air in the
system.
 119

PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION

• Air in the fuel system. • Find the point where air seeps
into the system and eliminate
the problem. Prime the fuel
system.

• Low engine power. • Air filter dirty. • Replace the air filter.

• Fuel filter dirty. • Replace the fuel filter.

• Poor quality fuel. • Remove all the fuel from the

tank. Replace the fuel filter.
Refuel with a good quality
diesel fuel.

• Low fuel pressure. • Make sure that the tank

contains fuel. Check the
piping for leaks or shrinkage.
Prime the fuel system and
check for any air in the
system.

• Engine fails to reach the • Check level of the fuel and

established maximum rpm. the fuel filters. If the engine
does not start smoothly,
purge off the fuel system.

• The drive system has a • If the problems persist even

problem inside. after performing all the above-
described operations, consult
the dealer for a diagnosis and
the relevant repairs.

• Intercooler circuit damaged. • Repair the circuit.

• Excessive oil • Too much oil in the engine. • Find where the excess oil
consumption comes from. Remove the
excess oil. Make the necessary
repairs. Top up the engine with
oil to the mark on the dip stick.
Check the oil level and avoid
topping up beyond the
maximum oil level.

• Oil leaks. • Identify all the leaks and

make the necessary repairs.

• Low engine oil pressure. • Oil filter dirty. • Replace the filter.

• Fuel in the engine oil. • Identify passage of fuel into

the oil and make any
necessary repairs.

• Drain off engine lubricating

oil, fit new oil filter and top up
oil sump with clean oil.
120

PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION

• Oil pressure sensor faulty. • Install a new sensor.

• The cooling system • Insufficient fluid in the cooling • Add refrigerant and check for
becomes overheated. system. leaks.

• Overpressure valve faulty. • Check the operation of the

overpressure valve. If
necessary, install a new
valve.

• Combustion gases in the • Identify the point where the

refrigerant. gases seep into the cooling
system and make the
necessary repairs.

• Thermostat or water • Check the thermostat and the

temperature gauge faulty. gauge to establish whether
they are functioning correctly.
Replace as necessary.

• Water pump faulty. • Make the necessary repairs to

the water pump.

• Engine and cooling system • Reduce the engine load.

operating under excessive
loads.

• Radiator with dirty or clogged • Clean the radiator fins with a

fins. jet of air or water.

• The alternator is not • Alternator drive belt loose. • Adjust the belt to the right
charging the battery. tension.

• Charging or earthing circuit or • Check all the cables and

battery connections faulty. connections. Clean and
tighten all the contacts.
Replace any faulty
components.

• Brushes worn or faulty. • Replace the brushes.

• The alternator is noisy. • Alternator belt worn or • Install a new belt.

cracked.

• Alternator pulley loose. • Check the seat for the key

holding the pulley in position.
Install a new pulley if the seat
is worn. Tighten the nut on
the pulley.

• Belt out of alignment with the • Make the necessary

alternator pulley. adjustments so as to ensure
the right alignment between
the drive belt and the
alternator pulley.

PROBLEM CAUSE
• Alternator bearings worn.
• All hydraulic movements • Dirty filters.
either fail to work or
work slowly. • Pump becoming inefficient.
• Hydraulic oil level low.
• Air in the system.
• The machine lacks • Oil filter clogged.
tractive force.
• Insufficient pressure in circuit.
• Pump becoming inefficient.
• Drive oil level too low or too
high
• Drive oil filter partially
clogged, oil is cold or has an
unsuitable viscosity.
• Tire pressure low
• The machine fails to • Oil filter clogged.
move when you operate
• Gear in neutral.
the forward-reverse
lever. • Drive cutout enabled
• Forward-reverse lever fails to
send signal to pump.
• Drive system oil level low.
• Turning speed of diesel
engine too low.
• The drive system has a
problem inside.
121
SOLUTION
• Replace the alternator shaft
bearings. Contact the dealer
for any necessary repairs.
• Replace the oil filters.
• Replace the pump.
• Check the oil level.
• Check for any infiltration of air
on the intake lines.
• Replace the oil filters.
• Call in a specialist to check
the pressure.
• Call in a specialist to replace
the pump.
• Check oil level and keep it
right
• Replacing the filter, if it is
clogged, should reduce the
time it takes to warm up the
oil. At extremely low ambient
temperatures, it is important
to allow for the oil to warm up
before the machine is driven
at top speed. Refer to item
5.5.
• Keep the tires at the right
pressure.
• Replace the oil filter.
• Engage a gear.
• Release the parking brake.
• Repair or replace.
• Check the drive system oil
level and, if necessary, top up
to the right level.
• Press harder on the
accelerator pedal.
• If the machine still fails to
move after all the above
points have been checked,
consult the dealer for a
diagnosis and the relevant
repairs.
122

PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION

• The machine fails to • Oil level too low. • Check the oil level.
brake.
• Air in the system. • Check for oil leaks. Failing
this, call in the specialist.

• Pump or brake linings worn. • Call in the specialist.

• Electric controls fail. • Blown fuse. • Replace the fuse after finding
and eliminating the problem
that caused it to blow.

• No current to the solenoid • Investigate the cause.

valve coil.

• Damaged relay. • Replace the relay.

• Battery disconnector fault. • Change the battery

disconnector.

• No power to electric • Battery cables have become • Connect the cables.

circuits and engine fails detached.
to start.

• Battery is damaged. • Replace the battery.

• Main battery switch off. • Put the switch on.

• Main fuse blown • Seek the reason why, then

replace the fuse.

IMPORTANT
For any other operating problems concerning the engine, see the attached
“Engine use and maintenance handbook” which forms an integral part of this
handbook.
 123

4.18 WEIGHING SYSTEM (Optional)

In case any welding needs to be made you should take extra care not to have
the weighing system load cells between the earthing cable connection and the
welding itself.

IMPORTANT
High-voltage current can damage the weighing cells.

Whenever disassembling or replacing of the weighing system load cell is useful

mark the exact position of each one of them in order to have them mounted
back in the original position.
More over it is very important that the front load cells has to be on line with the
external bushes (see the photo) and each ones with the printed arrow upward
(loading direction)
Whenever disassembling or replacing of the drum wheel interior bush is useful,
before closing the ring nut it is necessary to apply LOCTITE 270.

IMPORTANT
Only if the load cells are assembled in the correct position you will get a reliable
loaded weight value.
124

4.18.1 ELECTRICAL CONNECTION

The electrical connection box is situated in the position illustrated in the figure.

Following the wiring diagrams and the correspondence with the cables colours.

1 - Black TV - Microcomputer

2 - Yellow Ant.
- Front left load cell
Sx
3 - Green Ant.
- Front right load cell
Dx
4 - Blue Post.
- Back left load cell
Sx
5 - Red Post.
- Back right load cell
Dx
 131

5 - FEATURES, TABLES AND DIAGRAMS

5.1 OVERALL SIZES AND WEIGHT

fig. 5.01

DESCRIPTION SIZES

A Maximum length .................................................................. 6860 mm

B Length of machine (in transit) .......................................... 5630 mm
C Length beyond rear axle...................................................... 1550 mm
D Wheel base ......................................................................... 2380 mm
E Length beyond front axle..................................................... 1700 mm
F Height of mixer .......................................................... 3150 mm
G Maximum height .................................................................. 4120 mm
H Width of mixer............................................................ 2420 mm
I Lateral projection............. ................................................... 900 mm
L Chute unloading height .............................................. 1770-1900 mm
M Conveyor unloading height ................................................... 2070 mm
Weight (empty) ................................................................... 7300 kg
Weight (full) ................................................................... 16200 kg
132

5.2 TECHNICAL FEATURES

5.2.1 CAPACITIES

Front shovel capacity .............................................................…..... 600 lt.

Water tank capacity .......................................………...................... 800 lt.
Fuel tank capacity ......................................…………...................... 115 lt.
Hydraulic oil tank capacity ...........................……............................ 80 lt.
Drum capacity ......................................................………............... 4850 lt.
3
Actual concrete output per mixing cycle ....................…….............. 3.5 m

5.2.2 STEERING

Hydrostatic “load sensing” type.

fig. 5.02

Version with 4 steering wheels Version with 2 steering wheels

5.2.3 SPEED

The machine has two speeds:

- 1st (slow) gear ..................................... km/h ..... from 0 to ~4

- 1st (fast) gear ..................................... km/h ..... from 0 to ~9
- 2nd (slow) gear ................................... km/h ..... from 0 to ~12
- 2nd (fast) gear .................................... km/h ..... from 0 to ~25

DANGER
- In working conditions (loading - unloading - transit on a gradient or on loose or
bumpy ground) the machine must be used ONLY in first gear.
- The second gear is for use ONLY for transit by road.
 133

DANGER
Never attempt to change gear (1st mechanical gear and 2nd mechanical gear)
while in motion, since this could cause irreparable damage to the gearbox.

5.2.4 ENGINE

Type of engine PERKINS 1104D.44TA

Bore mm 105
Stroke mm 127
3
Displacement cm 4400
Compression ratio 18,2:1
Net power kW (HP) 83 (111)
Rpm 2200
Pull-in torque Nm/rpm 418/1400
Dry weight kg 306
Consumption g/kWh 220
Air filter dry type

5.2.5 CHASSIS

Made of steel profile sized for off-road vehicle applications.

Steering front axle integrated with the chassis.
Fixed (for 2 steering wheel version) or steering (for 4 steering wheel version), ±
8° rocking rear axle which guarantees permanent con tact of all four wheels with
the ground.

fig. 5.03

5.2.6 AXLES AND GEARBOX

Rear axle Fixed or steering

Front axle Steering
Gauge 1920 mm
Wheel centering / No. of stud bolts per diameter 221 mm / 8 x 275 mm
Disc brakes in an oil bath 8 front – 6 rear
Gearbox Mechanical, two-speed
134

5.2.7 BRAKES

Dual-circuit braking system for service and secondary braking.

Hydraulically-controlled negative-type parking brake acting directly on the front
axle.

5.2.8 LOADING SHOVEL

Self-loading shovel with volumetric metering.

5.2.9 DRUM ASSEMBLY

Drum with dual mixing spiral, discharging by reversing the rotation of the drum.
Turning by means of a hydraulic motor and epicyclical reduction gear, variable
displacement pump.

5.2.10 CHUTE ASSEMBLY

Three-sided chute with extension for unloading on all three sides. Hydraulic
lifting.

5.2.11 MIXER OPERATION WATER PUMP

Self-priming with cast iron impeller for use with cloudy water.
- Flow rate .........................……......................... lt./min. ..…..................... 400

5.2.12 HIGH PRESSURE WATER PUMP

(OPTIONAL: only on request)

Self-priming from the machine tank for washing purposes.

- Pressure................................…....................... bar ..........…..............….... 90
- Flow rate ...................................….................. lt./min. .......……............... 13

5.2.13 WATER SYSTEM

Fully independent water system with the pump driven by a hydraulic motor.
Intake from an outside source or from the tank, delivery to the drum or to the tank.
Pressure water takeoff for washing the vehicle. Flow rate measurement and
control by means of a liter counter.

5.2.14 ELECTRIC SYSTEM

Complete electric system suitable for circulation on public roads.

- Battery ........................................................…................. 12V x 120 Ah
- Alternator ...............................................................…...... 12V x 65 A
- Starter motor ....................................................….......... 12V x 3 kW

5.2.15 EXCHANGER

Oil-air-water/air type.
 135

5.3 TABLE OF TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS FOR NUTS

AND BOLTS

DANGER

All the bolts, screws and fixtures must be constantly checked and tightened as
necessary. Special attention must be paid to the bolts that attach the
ROPS/FOPS cab (if any) to the chassis and to the nuts holding the wheel
rim attached to the axle. In the early hours of operating the machine, the
nuts must be checked several times, since it is during this phase that the
machine components settle and the nuts, and consequently also the wheel
rims, can work loose.
Failure to comply with these recommendations can lead to damage to the wheel
rim and stud bolts.

ISO* metric threads

Diameter Standard torque

mm Nm** lb ft
M6 12 ± 4 9 ± 3
M8 25 ± 7 18 ± 5
M10 55 ± 10 40 ± 7
M12 95 ± 15 70 ± 10
M14 150 ± 20 110 ± 15
M16 220 ± 30 160 ± 20
M18 328 ± 50 240 ± 35
M20 450 ± 70 330 ± 50
M22 600 ± 90 440 ± 65
M24 775 ± 100 570 ± 75
M27 1150 ± 150 840 ± 110
M30 1600 ± 200 1175 ± 150
M33 2000 ± 275 1480 ± 200
M36 2700 ± 400 2000 ± 300

* ISO - International Organization for Standardization

** 1 Newton meter (Nm) corresponds to about 0.1 kgm.

IMPORTANT
Take the utmost care to avoid mixing nuts and bolts in metric sizes with those
measured in inches. A faulty coupling of the nuts and bolts will not only damage
the machine, but may also cause personal injury.
Any original bolts removed from the machine must be kept for future re-
installation. If you have to mount a new nut or bolt, this must be exactly the
same size and quality as the one it replaces.
136

The strength of the material is normally indicated on the head of the bolt by
means of a number (e.g. 8.8 - 10.9). The above table indicates the standard
torque wrench settings for nuts and bolts with a material quality of 8.8.

5.4 TABLE OF TIRE PRESSURES

DIMENSIONS PR BAR

16/17 - 20 14 4.5

5.5 TABLE OF LUBRICANTS

USE CAPACITY (LT.) LUBRICANT INTERNATIONAL

DESIGNATION

Fuel tank ~ 115 Diesel fuel

Diesel engine sump AGIP SIGMA TURBO

8÷9 PLUS 15W 40
API CG - 4/SG ACEA E3
+ filter
High pressure water ~ 0,5 AGIP SIGMA TURBO API CG - 4/SG ACEA E3
pump (if assembled) PLUS 15W 40

Gearbox ~1.0 AGIP ROTRA MULTI API GL 4

THT 80W
Differential gear ~7 x 2 AGIP ROTRA MULTI API GL 4
THT 80W
Fifth wheel reduction ~1.5 AGIP ROTRA MULTI API GL 4
gear THT 80W
Wheel reduction gears ~0.7 x 4 AGIP ROTRA MULTI API GL 4
THT 80W
Drum reduction gear ~1.5 AGIP ROTRA MULTI API GL 4
THT 80W
Hydraulic system ~130 AGIP ARNICA 46 DIN 51524 t3 HVLP

Braking system ~1 AGIP ATF IID GM DEXRON IID

Lubrication points AGIP GREASE DIN 51825 KP2K-20

MU EP 2

ENGINE COOLING FLUID FREEZING POINT ANTIFREEZE

14 lt. -15° C 30% 4,2 lt.
14 lt. -25° C 40% 5,6 lt.
14 lt. -35° C 50% 7,0 lt.

IMPORTANT
The machine is delivered from the factory with 45% antifreeze. The freezing
point for the fluid in the cooling circuit is consequently 30° below zero.
 137

5.6 SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE TIMETABLE

Maintenance operations must be done regularly at the established intervals to
avoid faults and excessive wear and tear. To ensure proper maintenance of the
mixer, keep to the following maintenance routine.

DANGER
Maintenance operations must be performed by qualified and competent personnel.

WORKING HOURS 10 50 100 250 500 1000

* **
Oil  
Diesel engine Oil and fuel filter 
Fuel prefilter 
Oil  
Hydraulic system
Filters  
Joints and piping Check for leaks 
Nuts and bolts Tighten 
Differential gear oil  
Axles Ball and socket joint 
grease
Wheel reduction  
gear oil
Reduction gears and
gearbox Oil  
Gear box cable Grease 
High pressure water
pump (if assembled) Oil  
Shovel arms Grease studs 
Jacks Grease 
Grease studs 
Drum assembly
Grease fifth wheel 
Unloading chute Grease 
Pedal assembly Grease 
Drive shafts Grease 
Shovel cover guides Grease 
Rocker coupling Grease 
Hydraulic brakes Oil 
Electrolyte 
Battery
Clamps 
Refrigerant   
Engine radiator
Clean fins 
Prefilter 
Air filter
Check cartridges 
Safety labels Clean or replace 
Structure and bolt
ROPS/FOPS tightness 
(if any)
Seat belt *** 

* or once a week - whichever comes first

** or once a year - whichever comes first
*** replace every 3 years regardless of apparent condition.

KEY :  Check  Grease  Top up  Change

138

IMPORTANT
For all others operations concerned with maintenance in the diesel engine, see
the attached “Engine use and maintenance handbook” which forms an
integral part of this handbook.

IMPORTANT
During the running-in period, checks and replacements do not follow the
deadlines specified in the table. In particular:

AFTER THE FIRST 100 HOURS IT IS NECESSARY TO:

1) change the oil in the differential and epicyclical reduction gear;
2) change the oil in the gearbox;
3) change the oil in the drum rotation reduction gear.
3) change the oil in the high pressure water pump (if assembled).
AFTER THE FIRST 200 HOURS IT IS NECESSARY TO:
1) replace the cartridge in the oil filter on the intake for the drive circuit pump;
2) replace the filter cartridge on the hydraulic circuit’s return line;
3) clean the hydraulic oil tank;
4) change the hydraulic oil.
 5.7 HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS DIAGRAMS

5.7.1 DRUM ROTATING HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1 - Drum rotation motor 5 - Drive pump

2 - Drum rotation reduction gear 6 - Diesel engine

3 - Drum rotation pump 7 - Valve

139

4 - Filter
140

5.7.2 DRIVE SYSTEM HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Filter
3)

Gearbox
Pump
2)

5)
1) Diesel engine

4) Motor
 5.7.3 DIAGRAM OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR POWER
STEERING AND SERVO-CONTROLLED MIXER OPERATION
141

1) Diesel engine 5) Manipulator 9) Hydraulic power steering 13) Cover opening jack
2) Pump for mixer operation 6) Electro-hydraulic switch 10) Valve 14) Tipping jack
3) Diverters 7) Max pressure valve 11) Downstroke control valves 15) Distributor
4) Brake jack 8) Priority valve 12) Arm lifting jack
142

5.7.4 DIAGRAM OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR MIXER OPERATION

1) Diesel engine 7) Water pump motor

2) Pump for mixer operation
3) Max pressure valve
4) Distributor
5) Chute lifting jack
6) Valve
8) H.p. water pump motor
9) Exchanger
10) Hydraulic diverter
11) Motor
12) Reduction gear
 143

5.7.5 DIAGRAM OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR STEERING

Version with 2 steering wheels

Version with 4 steering wheels

1) Power steering
2) Front steering jack
3) Rear steering jack
4) Steering solenoid valve
5) Stop valve
 144

5.8 ELECTRIC WIRING DIAGRAM

KEY
ALT . Alternator (table 1) FADX . Front right headlight (table 6)
AM . Engine stop solenoid (table 4) FASX . Front left headlight (table 6)
B1 . 12V battery (table 1) FP . Parking brake bulb (table 3)
B2 . Battery disconnector (table 1) FPDX . Rear right headlight (table 6)
CAND . Glow plug (table 1) FPSX . Rear left headlight (table 6)
CIC . Engine starting and reversing buzzer (table 2) I1 . Drum rotation switch (table 4)
CL . Horn (table 5) I2 . Windscreen wiper and washer switch (table 5)
D1 . 6A diode (table 2) I3 . Lights switch (table 5)
D2 . 6A diode (table 2) I4 . Revolving lamp switch (table 4)
D3 . 1A diode (table 3) I11 . Brake lights switch (table 4)
D4 . 1A diode (table 3) K . Glow plug power unit (table 2)
D7 . 6A diode (table 1) Key . Starter switch (table 1)
DVL . Multifunction lever (table 5) L1 . Engine preheater warning light (table 2)
DVM . Forward-reverse lever (table 3) L2 . Neutral gear warning light (table 1)
E1 . Right drum rotation solenoid valve (table 4) L3 . Parking brake warning light (table 3)
E2 . Left drum rotation solenoid valve (table 4) L4 . Low gear warning light (table 4)
E3 . Reversing solenoid valve (table 3) L5 . Battery charging warning light (table 1)
E4 . Forward drive solenoid valve (table 3) L6 . Turn indicators warning light (table 4)
E5 . Crab steering solenoid valve (table 4)
* L7 . Engine oil pressure warning light (table 2)
E6
E7
.
.
Tight-turn steering solenoid valve (table 4)
Speed change solenoid valve (table 4)
* L8
L9
.
.
Main beam headlights warning light (table 6)
Side lights warning light (table 6)
E8 . Manipulator electric diverter (table 3) LP1 . Not in use (table 1)
F1 . 10A fuse: Power supply direct to emergency switch LP2 . Not in use (table 1)
(table 5) LROT . Cab revolving lamp (table 4)
F2 . 15A fuse: power supply to windscreen wiper + LROT . Provision for drum revolving lamp (table 4)
washer (table 5) MANIP . Manipulator button (table 3)
F3 . 15A fuse: power supply to lockable relays 5-6-8- emergency M.AVV . Starter motor (table 1)
manipulator button relay (table 3) P1 . Single-pole power takeoff (table 4)
F4 . 7.5A fuse. Power supply to left side light + instrument PESAT . Provision for weighing system (table 3)
lighting (table 6) PUMP . Windscreen washer pump (table 5)
F5 . 7.5A fuse. Power supply to right side light + side light R1 . Starter timing relay (table 2)
warning light (table 6) R2 . Starter buzzer timing relay (table 2)
F6 . 15A fuse: Power supply to dipped beam lights (table 6) R3 . Neutral start enabling relay (table 3)
F7 . 15A fuse: Power supply to main beam lights (table 6) R4 . Forward drive relay (table 3)
F8 . 7.5A fuse: Horn (table 5) R5 . Reverse relay (table 3)
F9 . 10A fuse: Power supply to ceiling lamp + brake lights R6 . Manipulator button relay (table 3)
Switch + provision for 1-pole power takeoff (table 4) R7 . Turn indicator blinker (table 4)
F10 . 10A fuse: Power supply to manipulator + provision for R8 . Stepping power change speed relay (table 4)
Weighing system (table 3) R9 . Glow plug warning light relay (table 2)
F11 . 15A fuse: Power supply to engine stop solenoid R10 . Starter relay (table 1)
(table 4) RS . Starter safety realy (table 1)
F12 . 15A fuse: Power supply to forward-reverse lever +
starter buzzer + glow plugs power unit + starter
SS
STR1
.
.
Steering mode selector (table 4)
Engine revs counter (table 1)
*
timer RS relay (table 1) STR2 . Engine water temperature gauge (table 2)
F13 . 5A fuse: Power supply to switch + instrument pilot T1 . Engine oil pressure bulb (table 2)
Lights (table 3) T2 . Gasoil pump (table 4)
F14 . 15A fuse: Power supply to revolving lamp (table 4) T3 . Engine stopping spark lead (table 4)
F15 . 20A fuse: Power supply to steering selector + drum T4 . Water temperature thermistor (table 2)

F16 .
rotation selector (table 4)
*
20A fuse: Power supply to gasoil pump (table 4)
WIP . Windscreen wiper motor (table 5)

F17 . 125A fuse: General (table 1)

* version with 4 steering wheels

KEY TO COLORS
A : pale blue H : gray R : red
B : white L : dark blue S : pink
C : orange M : brown V : green
G : yellow N : black Z : purple
2
e.g. AB Ø 0.5 = pale blue & white, cross section 0.5 mm
2
AB = pale blue & white, cross section 1 mm
 145

table 1
146

table 2
 147

table 3
148

table 4
 149

table 5
150

table 6