FST 307 : BASIC NUTRITION

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO
BASIC NUTRITION
 1.1 DEFINITION OF FOOD & NUTRITION

CHAPTER OUTCOMES

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:-

a) Define nutrition, nutrient, food and diet.

b) Describe the composition of food.
 DEFINITION OF NUTRITION
 A study of nutrients, their action, interaction and balance
in relation to health and diseases.

** The process by which the body ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilised and
excretes food substances.
 DEFINITION OF NUTRIENTS
 Nourishing substances in foods that are essential for
1 growth of infants development that leads to adulthood
and maintenance of body function throughout life.
2
 DEFINITION OF FOOD

 Substances derived from plant or animal sources.

 Provide energy and nutrients.
 Used by the body for maintenance, growth, and repair.
 DEFINITION OF DIET
• The amount and kind of food and drink taken by a person
from day to day. (Retrieved from https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diet)

• The foods and beverages a person eats and drinks.

 COMPOSITION OF FOOD

6
Energy producing nutrient: :
1) Carbohydrate
2) Fat
3) Protein

Non-energy nutrient :
1) Vitamin
2) Mineral
3) Water
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FOR HUMAN
4 5 6

1 (B7) (Ca)
2 (Cl -)
3 (Cr)
(Cu)
(B5) (Fl)
(I)
(Fe)
(Mg)
(Mn)
(Cobalamin) (Mb)
(K)
(Se)
(Na)
(Zn)
 Have you
heard about
Vitamin B
complex 8 nutrients:
before? Thiamin (vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Niacin (vitamin B3)
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)
Vitamin B6
Folate, or folic acid
Biotin (vitamin B7)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
 Potassium

Manganese
 ESSENTIAL & NON-ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT

a) Essential nutrients:
Body needs
Essential them Vitamin
: Calcium, but they cannot produce OR
A, Protein
Cannot make them in adequate amount.
Non-essential : Cholesterol
b) Non essential nutrients:
Body needs them and they can produce in adequate
amount to satisfy the requirements.
CARBOHYDRATE

Simple

Complex (fibre)
PROTEIN
 FAT / LIPID
Saturated Fat Unsaturated Fat

Essential
fatty acids
 VITAMINS
 Vitamins are chemical substances in food that
perform specific functions in the body.
 Humans need 13 different vitamins.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
11.
12.
13.
 MINERALS
Ca substances in food.
 Minerals are also chemical
Cl -
 Humans need 14 different
Cr minerals in their diet.
Cu
Fl-
I
Fe
Mg
Mn
Mb
K
Se
Na
Zn
 WATER

Most individuals need about 10 cups of water per day.