Seminar 1

Ex. 1, p.29 (BPS) (sentences 5, 6, 9, 12)

1. (5). If manners maketh (archaism, obsolete word) man, then manner and grooming maketh poodle.

2. (6). Thou (archaism , obsolete word) art the Man,” cried Jabes, after a solemn pause, learning over
his cushion. “Seventy times didst (archaism past tense second-person singular of DO) thou gapingly
contort thy (archaism, obsolescent - the beginning of the aging process when the words become rarely
used, used especially inecclesiastical or literary language and sometimes by Friends especially among
themselves ) visage (barbarism) – sevently times seven did I take council with my soul – Lo!
(archaism, used to call attention or to express wonder or surprise)) this is human weakness: this also
may be absolved. The first of the seventy first is come. Brethren (archaism, plural of BROTHER—
used chiefly in formal or solemn address or in referring to the members of a profession,society, or
religious denomination)– execute upon him the judgment written. Such honour have all His saints.”

3. (9). Riding back I saw the Greeks lined up in column of march. They were all still there. Also, all
armed. On long marches when no action threatened, they had always piled their armour, helmets and
weapons in their carts, keeping only their swords (archaism); wearing their short tunics (made from all
kinds of stuff, they had been so long from home) and the wide straw hats Greeks travel in, their skins
being tender to sun. Now they had on corselets (archaism, Middle French, diminutive of cors body,
bodice]:a piece of armorcovering the trunk) or cuirasses (archaisma piece of armor covering the body
from neck towaist), helmets (archaism,a covering or enclosing headpiece of ancient or medieval
armor), even grades if they owned them, and their round shields (archaism) hung at their backs.

4. (12). If any dispassionate spectator could have beheld (poetic) the countenance of the illustrious
man, whose name forms the leading feature of the title of this work, during the latter part of this
conversation, he would have been almost induced to wonder that the indignant (poetic feeling or
showing anger because of something unjust or unworthy) fire that flashed from his eyes, did not melt
the glasses of his spectacles – so majestic was his wrath (archaism strong vengeful anger). His nostrils
dilated, and his fists clenched involuntarily, as he heard himself addressed by the villain (poetic a
character in a story or play who opposes the hero). But he restrained himself again – he did not
pulverize (archaism to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very small particles) him.
“Here,” continued the hardened traitor (archaism one who betrays another's trust or is false to an
obligation or duty) tossing the license at Mr. Pickwick’s feet;” get the name altered – take home the
lady – do for Tuppy.”

Ex. 2, p.9 (SS) (sentences 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

1) She caught herself criticizing his belief that, since his joke about trying to keep her out of the
poorhouse had once been accepted as admirable humor, it should continue to his daily bon mot. (S.L.
Bon mot- (French ) A witty remark. Expressing a wisdom.English equivalents Joke).

2. Nevertheless, despite her experience, she hadn’t yet reached the stage of thinking all men beastly;
though she could readily sympathize with the state of mind of any woman driven to utter that particular
cri de coeur. (French. Heartfelt or sincere call.English equivalents-Cry of soul)
3) Then, of course, there ought to be one or two outsiders – just to give the thing a bona fide
appearance. I and Eileen could see to that – young people, uncritical, and with no idea of politics. (Ch.)
(Latin. Genuine; real ,keeping intention.English equivalents-Honest,legal,real)

4) “Tyree, you got half of the profits!" Dr. Bruce shouted. "You're my de facto (Latin) In fact, or in
effect. English equivalents- actual,effective) partner." “What that de facto mean, Doc?.." “Papa, it
means you a partner in fact and in law," Fishbelly told him. (Wr.)

5. Yates remained serious. “We have time, Herr Zippman, to try your schnapps. Are there any German
troops in Neustadt?" "No, Herr (German. Educated,cultured man.English equivalents-Mister) Offizier,
just what I've to tell you. This morning, four gentlemen in all, we went out of Neustadt to meet the
Herren Amerikaner."

6. And now the roof had fallen in on him. The first shock was over, the dust had settled and he could
now see that his whole life was kaput. (German. No longer working or effective. English equivalents-
Broken and useless)

Ex.1, p.14 (SS) (sentences 1-7, 10)

State the function of slang in the following examples, also paying attention to the morphological
and syntactical characteristics of slang units and semantic and structural changes some of them
underwent to become a slang expression.

1. “I am the first one saw her. Out at Santa Anita she’s hanging around (to loiter) the track every day.
I’m interested: professionally. I find out she’s some jock’s regular, she’s living with the shrimp (a
small or short person), I get the jock told Drop it if he don’t want conversation with the vice boys: see,
the kid’s fifteen. But stylish: she’s okay, she comes across. When she’s wearing glasses this thick; even
when she opens her mouth and you don’t know if she’s a hillbilly ((an uncultured person who lives in a
rural area or an Okie (an uncivilized person, a redneck, a person from Oklahoma. Usually used in the
negative) or what, I still don’t. My guess, nobody’ll ever know where she came from. - Function of
slang: emotive feeling of the slang user.

2. Bejees (used to express surprise, anger, or annoyance), if you think you can play me for an easy
mark (someone who is easily fooled or victimized), you’ve come to the wrong house. No one ever
played Harry Hope for a sucker (a person who was taken advantage of)! - Function of slang: emotive
feeling of the slang user.

3. A cove (a chap, fellow) couldn’t be too careful. Function of slang: pursuit of slef-identity.

4. I’ve often thought you’d make a corking (extremely fine (often used as an intensive especially before
good )good actress. - Function of slang:emotive feeling of the slang user.

5. “When he told me his name was Herbert I nearly burst out laughing. Fancy calling anyone Herbert.
A scream (to be greatly amused. Used figuratively and not literally, often in text-based
communication; something very funny), I call it.” -Function of slang:emotive feeling of the slang user.

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6. I steered him into a side street where it was dark and propped him against a wall and gave him a
frisk (1) to use your hands to search someone's body when they are wearing clothes to see if they are
hiding illegal objects or weapons; 2) to frolic or have fun). Function of slang: pursuit of self-identity.

7.. “I live upstairs.”

The answer seemed to explain enough to relax him.

“You got the same layout (the way that something is arranged)?”

“Much smaller.”

He tapped ash on the floor. “This is a dump (1) any place a person doesn't want to be; 2) an
unappealing location due to dirtiness or dilapidation). This is unbelievable. But the kid don’t know
how to live even when she’s got the dough (money).” Function of slang:emotive feeling of the slang
user.

8. (10) She came in one night, plastered (extremely drunk), with a sun-burned man, also plastered…
Function of slang:emotive feeling of the slang user.

Ex.3, p.15-16 (SS) (sentences 4, 5, 6, 15)

3. (4) They have graduated from Ohio State(=The Ohio State University, professional jargonism)
together, himself with an engineering degree.

4. (5) “Okay Top,” he said. “You know I never argue with the First Sergeant.”

5. (6) The arrangement was to keep in touch by runners and by walkie-talkie(=phone, professional
jargonism).

6. (15) “How long did they cook you(=prerare you, social jargonism)! ” Dongere’s stopped short and
looked at him, “How long did they cook you?” – “Since eight this morning. Over twelve hours…”
…”You didn’t unbutton then? After twelve hours of it”? “Me?...”They got a lot of dancing(= great
deal of work, social jargonism) to do before they’ll get anything out of me.”

Ex. 2, p.31-32 (BPS) (sentences 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 19)

1. “She’s engaged. Nice guy (a man; expressive meaning), too. Though there’s a slight difference in
height. I’d say a foot, her favor.”

2. “You know Brooklyn?” “No. I was never there. But I had a buddy (male friend (expressive
meaning) at Myer was from Brooklyn.”

3. I didn’t really do anything this time. Just pulled the dago (a derogatory word for a person from
Italy, Spain, Portugal or South America (emotive meaning ) out of the river. Like all dagos, he couldn’t
swim. Well, the fellow was sort of grateful about it. Hung around like a dog. About six months later he

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died of fever. I was with him, last thing, just as he was pegging out, he beckoned me and whispered
some excited jargon about a secret.

3. “There we were…in the hell of a country (an extremely unpleasant place to be) – pardon me (Low
cultural characteristics are depicted in the work (functional stylistic meaning ) – a country of raw
metal….It’s like a man of sixty looking down his nose at a youth of thirty and there’s no such God-
darned – pardon me – mistake as that.

4. “All those medical bastards (a derogatory term, usually for an unkind male. (functional stylistic
meaning) should go through the ops they put other people through. Then they wouldn’t talk so much
bloody nonsense or be so damnably unutterably smug.”

5. “Let me warn you that the doc is a frisky (physically affectionate due to desire of sexual activity.
( emotive meaning) bacheldore, Carol. Come on, now, folks (friends. It can be used for one or more
persons (expressive meaning), shake a leg. Let’s have some stunts or a dance or something.”

6. “Goddamn (used for emphasis, especially to express anger or frustration. (emotive meaning )
sonofabitching (exclamation of negative emotion. For example: anger, disappointment, etc (emotive
meaning) stool,” Fishbelly screamed, raining blows on Bert’s head “Lawd Gawd in heaven, I’ll kill, kill
every chink-chink goddamn chinaman (Chinese person(functional stylistic meaning) white man on this
sonofabitching bastard earth.”

7. “Don’t wanna (functional stylistic meaning) sleep, Don’t wanna die, just wanna go atravelin’
through the pastures of the sky.”

Ex. 3, p.33-34 (BPS) (sentences 1, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15).

(1) “Also, it will cost him a hundred bucks (money) as a retainer.” “Huh?” Suspicious again. Stick to
basic English. “Hundred dollars,” I said. “Iron men (a person of great physical strength and the ability
to continue doing something difficult for a long time) Fish. Bucks to the number of one hundred. Me no
money, me no come. Savvy?” I began to count a hundred with both hands.

(8) “I say, old boy (a man who is a member of a long-standing and usually influential clique especially
in a professional, business, or social sphere), where do you hang out (to spend a lot of time in a place
or with someone)?” Mr. Pickwick responded that he was at present suspended at the George and
Vulture.”

3. (9) “The scheme I would suggest cannot fail of success, but it has what may seem to you a drawback,
sir, in that it requires a certain financial outlay.” “He means,” I translated to Corky, “that he has a
pippin (an excellent person or thing.) of an idea but it’s going to cost a bit. (expensive)

(12) “He tried those engineers. But no soap (No luck; no chance; certainly not). No answer.”

(13) “You want to know what I think? I think you’re nuts (a whimsically eccentric person) . Pure plain
crazy. Goofy as a loon (a worthless lazy fellow). That’s what I think.”

(15)“I am Alpha and Omega (the first and last; signifies God's eternity) – the first and the last,” the
solemn voice would announce.”
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