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Catalog of Hymen Op 01 Krom
Catalog of Hymen Op 01 Krom
CarlF. W. Muesebeck
for his kindliness and with admiration for his distinguished scholarly contributions to
our knowledge of North American Hymenoptera for more than half a century.
Catalog of
Hymenoptera in America
North of Mexico
Prepared cooperatively by
Smithsonian Institution
and
VOLUME 1
"An outgrowth of . . .
Hymenoptera of America
north of Mexico, synoptic catalog (1951) in-
cluding the first and second supplements (1958,
1967)"
Includes index.
CONTENTS: v.l. Symphytaand Apocrita
(Parasitica). — v. 2. Apocrita (Aculeata)
1. Hymenoptera — North America. 2. Insects —
North America. I. Krombein, Karl V.
Page
VI
Pompiloidea by Karl V. Krombein 1523
Pompilidae 1523
Rhopalosomatidae 1570
Sphecoidea by Karl V. Krombein 1573
Ampulicidae 1574
Sphecidae 1575
Pemphredonidae 1595
Larridae 1617
Crabronidae 1650
Mellinidae 1683
Nyssonidae 1684
Philanthidae 1720
Apoidea by Paul D. Hurd, Jr 1741
Colletidae 1748
Oxaeidae 1770
Andrenidae 1772
Halicitidae 1932
Melittidae 1978
Megachilidae 1981
Anthophoridae 2081
Apidae 2188
vu
Introduction
By
Karl V. Krombein,
Paul D. Hurd, Jr.,
and
David R. Smith
This catalog, which is an outgrowth of the attempt has been made to organize this in-
highly successful Hymenoptera of America formation and present it, usually, alphabeti-
North of Mexico Synoptic Catalog (1951), cally even though sometimes such data have
including the first and second supplements been recorded in the literature with scien-
(1958, 1967), provides simultaneously, by tific or vernacular names or both. Although
use of computer technology (Krombein, Mello many of these names have been checked for
and Crockett, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. accuracy, no consistent attempt has been
20 :24-29), a printed version as well as a made to verify that the names agree with
computer-queriable data base of the basic current usage or status. While those authors
systematic, biological, and morphological in- of zoological names are usually abbreviated
formation on the order Hymenoptera as it in the citation of hosts, parasites, and the
occurs in America north of Mexico. While the like, the authors of the scientific botanical
format of the present catalog closely parallels names are not included. Elsewhere in the
that of the original catalog, every effort has catalog, the last name of an author is cited
been made to increase the information con- in full, but without initials. Since the tech-
tent to fulfill better the needs of the biological nology employed in the preparation of this
community. This has been accomplished chief- catalog precluded the use of diacritical marks,
ly by the introduction of textbook prose at these have been omitted and consequently,
most higher category levels, by the presenta- as in the case of the umlaut, a variant spell-
tion of explanatory or descriptive comments ing has been substituted as appropriate.
as appropriate, and by the inclusion of more The International Code of Zoological No-
complete listings of citations to taxonomic, menclature (1961) including the intent and
biological, and morphological literature at all preamble of the Code and of any pertinent
hierarchical levels together with parentheti- opinions usually has been followed. Thus a
cal annotations concerning the content for name in current usage as deterimned by the
many of these citations. Similarly, the data code is employed, but mention is made, as
about hosts, parasites, prey, predators, and appropriate, that an application is pending
pollen sources are covered more fully than in before the International Commission of
the original catalog. Since these data have Zoological Nomenclature.
been reported in various ways and under dif- An attempt has been made to record all the
fering names in the primary literature, an recent taxa, with their synonyms, described
Vlll
from, or known to occur in, the political di- this information on synonymy, distribution,
visions of the conterminous United States, ecology, hosts, parasites, prey, and so forth
Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Insofar as has not been published previously. The type
known, all species introduced from other localities are usually recorded for those forms
countries and liberated in America north of that areknown only from the localities where
Mexico for biological control purposes have the type specimens were obtained. Otherwise
been listed. Some of these have never been the distribution is usually shown by states
recovered and, apparently, were unsuccessful and provinces, or by other means such as
in establishing themselves. For each such life zones.
species a statement has been included, follow- Since unquestionably a catalog is indispen-
ing the distribution, that the species was sable in the support of systematic and other
liberated but did not become established. biological research, no effort has been spared
As in the original catalog, the arrangement toward making this catalog as useful as pos-
is systematic for species-groups and higher sible to all of the scientific community inter-
categories insofar as our present knowledge ested in these fascinating insects.
and the limitations of a linear arrangement
permit. The generic and subgeneric concepts
represented in this arrangement are based
upon what are believed to be the correct type-
species. In each instance the type-species is LITERATURE COVERAGE
cited together with the authority for the
selection. Where designations of type-species All authors have attempted to include all
have been found to be invalid under the Inter- pertinent refei'ences to synonyms, revisions,
national Code of Zoological Nomenclature, taxonomy, biology, and morphology begin-
new type-species designations, believed to be ning with 1758, the publication date of the
valid, are given in the catalog. Generic syn- 10th edition of "Systema Naturae" by Lin-
onymy is included under the generic head- naeus. The cut-off dates vary for the several
ings except where subgenera are recognized, sections of the catalog and are as follows:
in which cases such synonymy is given under Symphyta through 1974 ;
specific names are placed in alphabetical or- Pelecinoidea, Proctotrupoidea, and Ceraphro-
der under the species to which they belong; noidea through 1972;
and varieties are listed under the particular Trigonaloidea through 1976;
species or subspecies in which they were Bethyloidea and Scolioidea through 1975 ;
IX
Abbreviations and Symbols
include abbreviations, e.g. Wheeler and : species-group name to indicate a new ge-
Wheeler, 1963. The Ants of North Dakota, neric assignment.
p.
—
is cited as Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963. n. name —
new name; used after a genus-
—
,
—
N. name New name used after a biblio-
—
;
V. 2 (App.),
p. rather than Say, 1824. In , graphic citation to indicate a previously
Keating, Narrative of an Expedition to the proposed name.
Source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek Nom. nud. — Nomen nudum.
etc. The
are intended to be uni-
titles n. s. — new series.
status — new status used where a taxon
. .
.,
of a scientific —
pi., pis. plate, plates.
name. preocc. — preoccupied used after a genus-
;
"
9
" = $ or
"
5
" = 9—incorrect sex deter- group or species-group name to indicate a
mination. homonym.
9 {$ misdet.) or i (9 misdet.) — only one pt.
— part.
of the sexes described belongs to the spe- revised status —
revised status; used to de-
cies cataloged. note a taxon that has been removed from
—9 female. synonymy.
—male.
<5 ser. — series.
5 — worker. s., so.,
—south, southern.
south.
'H — soldier. s.e., southeast. —southeast, southeastern.
ab.—aberration. S.W., southwest. — southwest, southwestern.
app. — appendix. sp., spp. — species.
cent.— central. ssp., sspp. — subspecies.
subg. — subgenus.
transcont. — transcontinental.
—volume.
v., vol.
var. — variety.
w.,
—west, western.
vi'est.
FAUNAL ZONES
Bor.
TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES
The catalog contains one undiagnosed new genus also in the Ichneumonidae, Woldsted-
tins Cai'lson, type-species Bass^is bigidtatus
species in the Ichneumonidae, Pterocormus
clasma Carlson, p. 521, proposed for the Gravenhorst, p. 719, proposed for Syrphoc-
taxon misidentified as Ichneumon canadensis tonus Foerster sensu Dasch (1964).
Cresson by Heinrich (1961). The following new names are proposed to
The catalog contains one undiagnosed new replace preoccupied names :
Tenthredinidae
Pachynematus gamus Smith for Pachynematus graminis Marlatt (1896) p. 58
Nematus attus Smith for Amauronematus dyari Marlatt (1896) p. 68
Amauronematus peralus Smith for Nematus pectoralis Cresson (1880) p. 80
Ichneumonidae
Oedomopsis davisi Carlson for Trophon ? iiasutns Cresson (1868) p. 366
Gelis cushmani Carlson for Hemiteles apantelis Cushman (1927) p. 405
Oresbiiis shimiaginensis Carlson for Stiboscopus ferrugineus Ashmead (1902) ... .p. 438
Pterocormus dionymus Carlson for Ichneumon anonymus Heinrich (1961) p. 522
Casinaria affinisima Carlson for Casinaria affinis Walley (1947) p. 635
Pteromalidae
Mesopolobiis fuscipedes Burks for Platyterma fuscipes Ashmead (1896) p. 816
Eurytomidae
Harmolita ovatella Burks for Harmolita ovata Phillips and Emery (1919) p. 840
Eulophidae
Syntomosphyrum orgyiazele Burks for Tetrastichomyia orgyiae Girault (1916) .
.p. 1005
Diapriidae
Trichopria kiefferi Muesebeck for Diapria montana Kieffer (1906) p.ll47
Scelionidae
Trimorus contractus Muesebeck for Gryo)i flavipes Ashmead (1893) p. 1162
Ceraphronidae
Aphanogmus harringtoni Muesebeck for Aphanogmus salicicola Harrington (1899) p.ll90
Megaspilidae
Dendrocerus obscurellus Muesebeck for Atritomus califortiicus Kieffer (1906) ..p.ll94
Masaridae
Euparagia richardsi Bohart for Psiloglossa simplicipes Rohwer (1909) p. 1470
Philanthidae
Cerceris bolingeriana Krombein for Cerceris bolingeri ScuUen (1972) p. 1730
Anthophoridae
Triepeolus mitchelli Hurd for Triepeolus sublunatus Mitchell (1962) p.2094
There are a number of other nomenclatural valid genera and species for each family and
and taxonomic changes. These are considered higher category. These nomenclatural and
of lesser bibliographic importance than the taxonomic changes are as follows :
new names, so tabulations of them are de- A number of generic transfers are made,
ferred to Volume 3 which will also contain They are usually cited in the text as xanti-
the indexes and a table of the number of anum (Saussure), n. comb. The authority
xu
responsible for the transfer is the author different from that accorded it elsewhere. It
of that section unless the name of another is not the same as new status for it reflects a
specialist is included. change which has already been published.
There are also a number of instances where In a few taxa, the words —
revised status —
a taxon formerly considered to be a species is follow the author of a species-group name.
treated here as a subspecies of another taxon, This denotes a taxon which has been removed
or where a taxon formerly considered to be a from synonymy.
subspecies is now raised to specific rank. The There are a few new synonyms at the
authority responsible for the change is the genus-group level and numerous new syn-
author of that section unless the name of onyms at the species-group level. These are
another specialist is included. These are usu- indicated by the abbreviation N. syn. follow-
ally cited in the text as clavatum johannis ing the bibliographic citation of the new syn-
(Richards), n. status or alba Rohwer, n. onym. As noted above, the synonymy is to be
status. attributed to the author of the section unless
— —
The words changed status occasionally the name of another specialist appears in
follow the author of a species-group name. parentheses following the abbreviation N. syn.
This indicates that the taxon has a rank
Volume 3
It is intended that Volume 3 will contain during 1978. We will also include in Volume
separate indexes to the taxa of Hymenoptera, 3 a tabulation of the number of valid genera
and to their hosts, parasites, prey, predators, and species for each family and higher cate-
and pollen and nectar sources. Preparation of gory, and lists of the nomenclatural and
the indexes has already begun, and we antici- taxonomic changes other than the new names
pate that the tapes for Linotron production which are listed above.
Government Printing Office
will be sent to the
Acknowledgments
Preparation of the catalog and funding for its ment of Agriculture. The catalog in its printed
publication have had the enthusiastic support form could not have been achieved without
of Porter M. Kier, Director, National Museum their help, and we are most grateful that
of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian their assistance was available whenever we
Institution (SI) and of Lloyd V. Knutson, required it.
Chairman, Insect Identification and Beneficial We are indebted to a host of cooperating
Insect Introduction Institute, U.S. Depart- hymenopterists for generous assistance which
xui
has greatly enhanced the content and quality tection Research Institute, Pretoria, South
of the catalog. The aid furnished has involved Africa, advised on the placement of some
such diverse activities as reviewing prelimi- species assigned erroneously to Aphycus
nary drafts of various sections, and providing Mayr. A special debt of gratitude is due C. F.
new information on taxonomy, synonymy, W. Muesebeck who painstakingly proofed all
Z. Boucek, Commonwealth Institute of En- the entire manuscript for Vespoidea. J. van
tomology, London, and M. Graham, Oxford der Vecht, Putten, The Netherlands, recom-
University, provided much information on mended the systematic sequence adopted in
Chalcidoidea, and D. P. Annecke, Plant Pro- the Eumenidae and reviewed the manuscript.
XIV
M. J. West-Eberhard, Universidad del Valle, Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil (taxon-
Call, Colombia, and R. R. Snelling reviewed omy of Apoidea) F. D. Parker (taxonomy
;
the manuscript on Vespidae and supplied and biology of Apoidea) J. G. Rozen, Jr., ;
data on taxonomy and biology. J. E. Gillaspy, American Museum of Natural History, New
Texas A&
University, Kingsville, provided
I York, New York (taxonomy and biology of
information on PoHsfes Latr. Apoidea) R. ;
R. Snelling (taxonomy of
H. E. Evans reviewed the manuscript on Hylaeus F.) R. W. Thorp, University of
;
most helpful in assembling the section on C. W. Sabrosky (SEL) has been helpful to
Sphecoidea Menke, in addition, reviewed the
;
all of us in the discussion of abstruse nomen-
catalog manuscript for this superfamily. clatural problems. J. F. Gates Clarke (SI)
Other specialists contributed data on the participated patiently in philosophical dis-
groups mentioned after their names R. E. : cussions of a wide variety of subjects per-
Coville, University of California, Berkeley taining to the catalog. G. C. Steyskal (SEL)
(taxonomy and distribution of Trypoxyloni- was the resource person for the grammar of
nae) J. E. Gillaspy (Bembicinae)
; F. E. ;
scientific names and other linguistic matters.
Kurczewski (biology of Larridae and Cra- Computerization of the catalog and its pro-
bronidae) R. C. Miller, Cornell University
; duction by the computer-driven Linotron re-
(taxonomy, distribution, and biology of quired the highly skilled technical expertise
Crabronidae) W. J. Pulawski, Wroclaw,
;
of specialists in computer storage and appli-
Poland (taxonomy and distribution of Tachij- cations. James F. Hello, formerly Chief of the
sphe.r Kohl) ; and D. Vincent. University of Data Processing (ADP) Program at NMNH,
Maryland, College Park (taxonomy and dis- carefully analyzed the 1951 Hymenoptera
tribution of Passaloeciis Shuck.). Catalog and developed the data analysis
E. G. Linsley, University of California, matrix which governed entry of information
Berkeley, reviewed the entire manuscript on into the computer. R. Creighton, Manager,
Apoidea and offered valuable suggestions. Information Retrieval and Indexing Division,
C. D. Michener, University of Kansas, Law- Office of Computer Services (OCS), SI, de-
rence, discussed with the author of that sec- vised the programs for editing, arranging,
tion the biology and systematics of bees; querying, and displaying data from the man-
many of his suggestions have been incorpo- uscripts. J. J. Crockett, Manager, Software
rated in the classification adopted. The fol- Systems and Program Maintenance (OCS),
lowing specialists have cooperated by con- developed the program for conversion of the
tributing data on the groups specified after computerized data to special magnetic tapes
their names: G. E. Bohart, Bee Biology and capable of driving the Photo Typesetting
Systematics Laboratory, Utah State Univer- Unit, the Mergenthaler Linotron 1010, in the
sity, Logan (taxonomy and biology of Government Printing Office. T. G. Gautier,
Apoidea) W. E. LaBerge, Illinois Natural
;
Chief (ADP), and D. Bridge, Operations
History Survey, Urbana (taxonomy of An- Manager (ADP), maintained daily collabora-
drenidae and Anthophoridae) U. N. Lanham, ;
tion with the Editorial Board in assignment
University of Colorado, Boulder (taxonomy of clerical assistance, and production of the
of Apoidea) M. A. Lieftinck, Rhenen, The
;
edit phases, merge files, and SELGPO print-
Netherlands (taxonomy of Anthophoridae) ; outs.
A. L0ken, University of Bergen, Norway we are most grateful for the care-
Finally,
(taxonomy of Apidae) T. B. Mitchell, North ; ful, accurate typing of the manuscripts for
Carolina State University, Raleigh (taxon- computer entry by the corps of dedicated
omy of Apoidea) ; J. S. Moure, Universidade clerk typists. R. M. Garlick served with the
XV
program as principal typist from its inception during the six years of manuscript produc-
until hisreassignment in mid-1976 as a com- tionand computer entry were L. E. Back,
:
XVI
Order HYMENOPTERA
By Karl V. Krombein and Paul D. Hurd, Jr.
The Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects with more than 20,000 species in
America north of Mexico, most of which are beneficial and many of which are of considerable
economic importance to agriculture and forestry either as parasites or predators of pests or as
pollinators of more than 100 commercially grown crops. Among the relatively few injurious
Hymenoptera are the sawflies, some of which are serious defoliators or stem-borers of trees or
crops.
Taxonomy: Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, 439 pp., 1 p. of errata, 3 pp. of index.
— Panzer, 1806. Kritische Revision der Insektenfauna Deutschlands, v. 2, Hymenoptera,
271 pp. 2 pis. Cited in text as Krit. Rev. Insektenf. Deutschlands. —Andre, 1879-1913,
Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie, vols. 1-11. Cited in text as Spec. Hym.
Eur. Alg. —Cameron, 1883-1900. In Godman and Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana.
Hymenoptera; vol. 1, pp. 1-487, 20 pis., 1883-1900; vol. 2, pp. 413, 13 pis., 1888-1900. Cited in
text as Cameron, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym. —
Cresson, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans., Sup.
Vol., pp. 1-350 (key to No. Amer. families, genera and catalog of spp.).
—
Dalla Torre,
1892-1902. Cat. Hym., 10 vols, (world spp.). —
Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hymenopterologica, 355
pp., 11 figs., 1 pi. Cited in text as Spolia Hym.
—
Viereck, et ai, 1917 (1916). Conn. State
Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22: 1-824, 10 pis., 15 text figs, (keys to Conn. spp.).
— Boerner, 1919. Biol. Zentbl. 39: 145-186, 6 figs, (phylogeny).
—
Schroeder, 1925. Handb. d.
Ent. 3: 712-825, figs. 593-705. —
Tillyard, 1926. The Insects of Australia and New Zealand,
pp. 252-307, 53 figs., 2 pis.
—
Schmiedeknecht, 1930. Die Hymenopteren Nord- und
Mitteleuropas, 2nd ed., 1062 pp., 127 figs. Cited in text as Hym. Mitteleuropas. Brues —
and Melander, 1932. Mus. Compar. Zool., Bui. 73: 471-526, figs. 887-971 (keys to families,
adults, and larvae).
—Handlirsch and Meixner, 1933. In Krumbach, Handb. d. Zool., v. 4,
Insecta 2, pp. 895-1036. —Comstock, 1940. An Introduction to Entomology, pp. 884-1007.
— Essig, 1942. College Entomology, pp. 619-727.
—
Imms, 1948. A General Textbook of
Entomology, ed. 7, pp. 544-615.
—
Lanham, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 614-628, 27 figs,
(phylogeny based on wing venation). —
Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes et a/., 1951. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, 1,420 pp., 1 map (catalog of species north of Mexico).
— Michener, 1953. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 993-995 (larvae, key to certain families).
— Richards, 1956. Hymenoptera, Introduction and Keys to Families. Handbooks Ident.
Brit. Ins., Roy. Ent. Soc, London 6, pt. 1, 94 pp., 197 text figs., 11 pis. —
Boucek et ai,
1957. In Klic Zvireny CSR (keys to the fauna of Czechoslovakia), ed. by Kratochvil, pp.
35-406, 1108 figs. —Bradley, 1958 (1956). Tenth Internatl. Congr. Ent. Proc. 1: 265-269
(phylogeny). —Krombein et al., 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, 305 pp.
Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 37-91, 16 pis., 19 text figs, (thorax).
— rohwer and Gahan, 1916. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 18: 20-76, 3 pis. (wing venation).
-Comstock, 1918. The Wings of Insects, pp. 362-381, pi. 10, text figs. 380-405.
—Snodgrass, 1935. Principles of Insect Morphology, 667 pp., 319 figs. —Ross, 1936. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 99-111, 2 pis. (wing venation). —Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc.
Collect. 99 (14): 1-86, 33 pis., 6 text figs, (male genitalia). — Reid, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Trans. 91: 367-446, 81 figs, (thorax of wingless and brachypterous spp.).
—Richards, 1956. Roy Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 31: 99-104, 7 figs, (interpretation of
thoracic venter). -Short, 1959. Roy. Ent. Soc, London, Trans. Ill: 175-203, 11 figs,
(abdominal musculature). —Oeser, 1961. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 37: 3-119, 107 figs, (female
ovipositor). —Daly, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 295-306 (thoracic musculature).
—Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1-27 (evolutionary morphology of external
genitalia).
— Eady, 1974. Jour. Ent., Ser. B, 48: 63-72 (wing venation).
Suborder SYMPHYTA
By David R. Smith
The suborder Symphyta, commonly known as sawflies and horntails, has also been recorded in
the early literature under the names Chalastogastra, Sessiliventria, or Phyllophaga and
Xylophaga. The suborder includes about 10,000 world species grouped into about 1,000 genera
and 12 families. Representatives are found on all continents except for Antarctica, and they are
also absent on many of the more isolated islands of the world such as Hawaii and many other
Pacific islands. The most northern record is that for Pachynematus parvilabris (Thomson) on
Ward Hunt Island in Canada, 83" 05' N., and several species are found as far south as Tierra del
Fuego. The North American fauna consists of around 1,000 species in 10 families. The two fami-
lies that have no living representatives in North America are the Megalodontidae and
of the information contained herein: H. E. Milliron, formerly with the Biosystematics Research
Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa and other authorities of the Institute for allowing study
of their sawfly collection; H. R. Wong, Northern Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry
Service Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and H. Greenbaum, Department of Entomology, University
of Arkansas Fayetteville.
Taxonomy: Norton, 1867-1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 31-84, 193-280; 2: 211-242, 321-368
(N. Amer. catalog). — Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 53-68 (N. Amer. catalog).
— Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, 459 pp. (world catalog). — Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent.
30: 141-145, 177-183, 205-213, 225-232, 249-257, 281-287, 305-316 (classification, keys to
Suborder SYMPHYTA 5
genera).
— Konow, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 27, 27 pp.; fasc. 28, 14 pp.; fasc. 29,
176 pp. (world catalog). -Dyar, 1893-1895. Canad. Ent. 25: 244-248; 26: 42-45, 185-189; 27:
191-196, 208-212 (larvae). —Dyar, 1895 Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 301-312 (larvae) -Dyar,
1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 18-30, 190-201 (larvae) -Dyar, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 173-176
(larvae) -Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 121-138 (larvae) -Dyar, 1900. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 8: 26-31 (larvae). -Rohwer, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13: 215-224
(classification). -Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 20, pt. 2, pp. 69-109
(genotypes and work of Ashmead). —Rohwer, 1911 Ent. News 22: 218-219 (additions and
correction to "genotypes"). —
Enslin, 1912-1918. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih. 790 pp.
(Tenthredinoidea of middle Europe). —
MacGillivray, 1913. Ent. Soc Ont., Ann. Rpt. 44:
54-75 (larvae). —MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
25-175. -Yuasa, 1923. 111. Biol. Monog. 7(4): 1-168 (N. Amer. larvae). —Ross, 1937. 111. Biol.
Monog. 15(2): 1-173 (generic revision, N. Amer.). —Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 87: 353-384 (world classification). —Benson, 1951. Handb. for Ident. of Brit. Ins., v.
6, pt. 2(a): 1-49; 1952, v. 6, pt. 2(b): 51-137; 1958, v. 6, pt. 2(C): 139-252. -Lorenz and
Kraus, 1957. Die Larvalsystematik der Blattwespen, 339 pp. (larvae of European species).
—Ross, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 315-321 (early history of sawfly study in N.
Amer.). —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 381-409 (Holarctic sawflies).
— Rasnitsyn, 1969. Origin and evolution of the lower Hymenoptera, 187 pp. (fossil).
Biology: Rohwer, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 17: 195-198 (mating habits). —Benson,
1950.
Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 10: 45-142 (natural history of Brit, sawflies). —Wong, 1954. Canad.
Ent. 86: 154-158 (sawflies on white birch in Man., Sask.). —
Neilson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90:
229-234 (life histories of sawflies in low-bush blueberry fields in N. B. ). —
Raizenne, 1957.
Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 1009, 45 pp. (forest sawflies of s. Ont. and their parasites).
— Lindquist, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 625-627 (leaf mining sawflies on birch). Lindquist and
—
Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 100: 117-123 (free-feeding sawflies on birch and alder in
Ont.). -Lindquist and Miller, 1971. Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 118-122 (larvae feeding on
spruce and balsam fir in Ont.).
Morphology: Marlatt, 1891. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 115-117 (final molting of larvae).
— Marlatt, 1894. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 78-82 (neuration of wings). —MacGillivray, 1906.
U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 29: 569-654 (wings). —Van Dine, 1906. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 1:
19-22 (comparative anatomical study of mouthparts). —
Crampton, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc 21: 129-155 (genitaHa and terminal abdominal structure of males and larvae).
— Middleton, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 139-144 (terminal abdominal structures).
— Middleton, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 173-192 (suggested homologies between
larvae and adults). —
Boulange, 1924. Mem. et Travaux des Facultes Catholiques de Lille
28: 1-444 (genitalia). —Taylor, 1931. Roy. Phys. Soc, Proc. 22: 41-70 (morphology of the
tenthredinid head). -Taylor, 1931. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 24: 451-466 ("Dyar's Rule", its
application to sawfly larvae).
—
Malloch, 1936. Inaugural- Dissertation, Erlangung der
Doktorwurde, Philosophischen Fakultat der Friedrich- Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin, 55
pp. (thorax and cenchri). —Parker, 1934. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici 28: 159-191
(anatomy of larvae, with special reference to head). —Ross, 1936 Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29:
99-111 (ancestry of wing venation). —Ross, 1945. Ent. News 56: 261-268 (genitalia:
terminology and study techniques). —Maxwell, 1955. Canad. Ent. 87 (sup. 1): 1-132
(comparative internal larval anatomy).
—
Arora, 1956. Panjab Univ., Res. Bui., Zool. 90:
85-119 (relationship of Symphyta to other insect orders based on adult external
morphology).
—Togashi, 1965. Kontyu 33: 230-234 (rectal papillae). —
Togashi, 1970. Mushi
43 (sup.): 1-114 (comparative morphology of internal reproductive organs). Kenchington, —
1972. Jour. Ent. 46: 111-116 (variations in silk gland morphology among larvae).
Superfamily MEGALODONTOIDEA
Family XYELIDAE
A small family of primitive sawflies better represented in North America than in other parts
of the northern hemisphere. Most of the family is associated with conifers; only members of the
tribe Macroxyelini are associated with deciduous trees.
Revision: Ross, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 153-169 (Nearctic).
Taxonomy: Klima, 1937. In Hedicke, Hym. Cat. pt. 4, 12 pp. (catalog). —Benson, 1945. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 14: 34-37 (generic classification, world).
— Burdick, 1959. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 32: 120-122 (fossil).
—
Rasnitsyn, 1964. Paleontol.
Jour. No. 1, pp. 88-96 (fossil). -Rasnitsyn, 1965. Polski Pismo Ent. 35: 483-519 (Xyelinae of
world). —Rasnitsyn, 1966. Paleontol. Jour. No. 4, pp. 69-85 (fossil). —Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 60: 376-384 (larvae).
Subfamily XYELINAE
Tribe XYELINI
Genus XYELA Dalman
Pinicola Brebisson, 1818. Soc. Philomath, de Paris, Bui. des Sci., p. 116. Preocc.
Type-species: Pinicola julii Brebisson. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Xyela Dalman, 1819. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 40: 122.
Type-species: Xyela pusilla Dalman. Desig. by Curtis, 1824.
Mastigocera Klug, 1827. In Berthold, Latreille's Nat. Fam. Thierr. p.442.
Tritokreion Schilling, 1825. Schles. Gesell. f. Vaterland. Kult. Ubers., Arb. 2: 43. No
included species.
Neoxyela Curran, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 20.
Type-species: Neoxyela alberta Curran. Monotypic.
Xyelatana Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 7: 35.
Revision: Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 265-281. -Burdick, 1961. Calif. Univ.,
alpigena (Strobl). Que. and Maine to Md. w. to Utah and N. Mex.; Holarctic. Host: Pinus
strobus.
Pinkola alpigena Strobl, 1895. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 14: 277. 9,6.
Xyela bnnmeiceps Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 269. 9.
Xyela kamtshatica Gussakovskij, 1935. Faune URSS, Ins. Hym., T. 2, 1: 133. $.
Xyela middlekauffi Burdick, 1961. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 17: 343. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bui. Ent. 12: 385.
bakeri Konow. Que. to Fla. w. to B. C. and Calif. Ecology: Widespread. Host: Pmus elliottii, P.
palustris, P. ponderosa, P. sabiniana, P. virginiana.
Xyela bakeri Konow, 1898. Ent. Nachr. 24: 328.
Xyela negundinis Cockerell. 1907. Canad. Ent. 39: 324.
Xyela salicis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 271. 6.
Xyela intrabilis MacGillivray, 1923. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 18: 53. 6.
Tribe PLERONEURINI
Genus PLERONEURA Konow
Pleronenra Konow, 1897. Ent. Nachr. 23: 56.
Type-species: Xyela dahli Hartig. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Pleuroneura Ashmead, 1898. Psyche 8: 214. Emend.
Manoxyela Ashmead, 1898. Psyche 8: 214.
Type-species: Manoxyela californica Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Larvae of this genus live in the developing shoots and buds of Abies.
Revision: Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 88-93. —Ross, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25:
156-159.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 382-383 (larvae). —Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 69: 182-183 (species synonymy).
aldrichi Ross. Idaho, Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies.
Pleroneura aldrichi Ross, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 158-159. 9,6.
brunneicornis Rohwer. N. S., N. B., Maine, Que., Ont., N. Y., Minn. Host: Abies balsamea, A.
concolor.
Pleroneura bruneiconiisV.) Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 89. 9.
Pleroneura bmyineicomis Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 220.
Pleroneura borealis Felt, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 220. 9,6.
Subfamily MACROXYELINAE
Tribe XYELECIINI
Genus XYELECIA Ross
Tribe MACROXYELINI
Genus MACROXYELA Kirby
Xyela infuscata Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 224. 6.
Macroxyela obsoleta MacGillivray, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 294. 9.
Macroxyela disti^icta MacGillivray, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 295. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 379-380 (larva).
Xyela tricolor Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 114. cJ.
Pleroneura aviingrata Dyar, 1898. Psyche 8: 213. 9, larva. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 381 (larva).
Family PAMPHILIIDAE
called live solitarily or socially in a web or in a
webspinning sawflies, the larvae
Commonly
rolled leaf held by silk. associated with conifers, and the subfamily
The subfamily Cephalciinae is
Pamphiliinae is associated with deciduous trees or shrubs. Adults of most species are large, dor-
soventrally flattened insects, and are sometimes common around the flowers of their host plants
in the spring.
Taxonomy: Klima, 1937. In Hedicke, Hym. Cat., pt. 3, 84 pp. (catalog). —Benson, 1945. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Proc. Ser. B: Taxonomy 14: 25-33 (generic classification, world).
Superfamily MEGALODONTOIDEA 11
Subfamily CEPHALCIINAE
Members of this subfamily are associated with conifers. There are two tribes and one, the
Cephalciini, occurs in North America; the other, Caenolydini, is Palaearctic.
Tribe CEPHALCIINI
Genus CEPHALCIA Panzer
Cephalcia Jurine, 1801. Intell. Blatt Litt.-Ztg. Erlangen 1: 163. Suppressed, Internatl.
Comm. Zool. Nomencl. Op. 135, 1939.
Cephalcia Panzer, 1805. Faunae Ins. German, heft 86, pis. 8, 9.
Type-species: Cephalcia arvensis Panzer. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Cephalcia Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt. 67, t. 2, f. 7.
Liolyda Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 209.
Type-species: Lyda frontalis Westwood. Orig. desig.
Revision: Middlekauff, 1958. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 14: 132-149. -Eidt, 1969. Canad. Ent.
Soc, Mem. No. 59, 56 pp. (taxonomy, morphology, larval descriptions, life histories for
most of North American species).
californica Middlekauff. Alta., Mont., Wyo., B. C, Calif. Host: Pinus contorta, P. ponderosa.
Cephalcia californica Middlekauff, 1958. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 14: 135. 9.
distincta (MacGillivray). Newfoundland to N. Y., w. to Ont. and Mich. Host: Abies balsamea,
Tsuga canadensis.
Cephalcia distincta MacGillivray, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 296. 6.
Cephalcia rossi Middlekauff, 1958. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 14: 147. 9.
fascipennis (Cresson). Que., N. S., Maine, N. H. w. to B. C. Host: Picea engelmaymi, P. glauca,
P. mariana, P. pungens, P. rubens.
Lyda fascipennis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 31. 9.
Pamphilius fasciipenyiis Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 427. Emend.
Cephalcia criddlei MacGillivray, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 296. 9.
Univ., Bui. 20(50): S.
Cephalcia dissipator MacGillivray, 1923. 111. 8.
semidea (Cresson). Que., N. B., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Ont, Mich. Host: Picea glauca, P.
ynariana.
Lyda semidea Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 31. 9.
12 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
erythrocephala (Linnaeus). Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ont; Europe to Japan and Korea. Introd.,
first found in Pa. in 1925. Host: Pinus austriaca, P. densiflora, P. montana, P. mughus,
P. nigra, P. pungens, P. resinosa, P. strobus, P. sylvestris. Pine false webworm.
Tenthredo erythrocephala Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 558.
123. 9.
9,cJ.
tesselata (Klug). Que. and Mass. s. to Ga. and w. to Minn. Host: Pinus banksiana, P. resinosa.
Lyda tesselata Klug, 1808. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 276. 9.
Lyda abdominalis Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 199. 9.
Genus ACANTHOLYDA Subgenus ITYCORSIA Konow
circumcincta (Klug). N. B., Que., Pa., Ga., Fla. Host: Piyius baiiksiana, P. clausa.
Lyda circumcijicta Klug, 1808. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 279. 9.
crocina Middlekauff. Idaho, Calif. Host: Pinus muricata, P. sabiniana.
Acantholyda (Itycorsia) crocina Middlekauff, 1958. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 14: 113. 9, cJ.
Subfamily PAMPHILIINAE
Members of this subfamily are associated with deciduous trees and shrubs. The Nearctic spe-
cies of Neurotomini are confined to plants of the family Rosaceae. There are two tribes, and
both tribes are Holarctic.
Tribe NEUROTOMINI
Genus NEUROTOMA Konow
Neurotoma Konow, 1897. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus., Ann. 12: 18.
crataegi Middlekauff. Mass., N. Y., Mich., 111., Wis., Man. Host: Crataegus succulenta, C.
brainerdi.
Neurotoma crataegi Middlekauff, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 202. 9.
fasciata (Norton). Que. to Fla. w. to Wis. and Mo. Host: Pnimis serotina, P. pennsylvanica.
Lydafasciata Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 200. 9.
Biology: Pearsall, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 214-216.
inconspicua (Norton). Que. and Mass. to Pa. w. to S. Dak., Mont, and B. C, Ark. and Kans.
Host: Primus americana, P. cerasus, P. besseyi, P. davidiayia, P. domestica, P. na7ia, P.
nigra, P. pennsylvanica, P. virginiana, and probably other species of Prunus. Plum
webspinning sawfly.
Lyda inconspicua Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 350. 9.
Lyda spoliana Williams, 1896. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 48: 14-17. 9, <J.
Lyda nifipes Marlatt, 1896. In Williams, S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 48: 17. 9, c5.
Biology: Severin, 1920. S. Dak. State Ent. Tech. Bui. 1, 53 pp. — Severin, 1920. S. Dak. Agr.
Taxonomy: Middlekauff, 1965. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 73: 238 (female, distribution, host).
Tribe PAMPHILIINI
These species that belong in Onycholyda are the ones that are found ir. couplets 2 to 9 and 24 to
31 in Middlekauffs (1964) key.
Taxonomy: Benes, 1972. Acta Ent. Bohem. 69: 378-395 (generic classification of the
Pamphiliini). —Benes, et a/., 1973. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 30: 95-96 (request
for designation
of Pamphilius viriditibialis Takeuchi as type-species of Onycholyda Takeuchi).
Maine to Fla. w. to 111. and Tex. Host: Rubus.
amplectus (Fabricius).
Lyda aniplecta Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 46.
Lyda plagiata Klug, 1808. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 2: 278. 9.
Lyda insigjiis Brischke and Zaddach, 1865. Phys. Okonom. Gesell. Konigsberg., Schr. 6:
179. 6.
luteicornis (Norton). N. S. and N. B. s. to Fla. w. to 111., Minn, and Alta. Host: Rubiis.
Lyda luteiconiis Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 339. 9.
Lyda harringtoni Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p.
17. 9.
pallimaculus (Norton). Que. to Ga., w. to Colo, and B. C. Host: Rosa{?). An adult collection
record.
Lyda pallimacula Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 337. 9.
Lyda pallidirnaaila Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 435. Emend.
persicum MacGillivray. Que. to Fla. w. to Minn., Nebr., Tex. Ecology: A pest of peach. Host:
PruJius persica, Primus serotina.
Pamphilius persicum MacGillivray, 1907. Canad. Ent. 39: 308. 9.
Pamphilius perseae Rohwer, 1926. In Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101:
872. Emend.
Pamphilius persicus Klima, 1937. Hym. Cat., pt. 3, p. 45. Emend.
Pamphilius unalatus MacGillivray, 1920. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 15: 112. 9.
Biology: Walden, 1907. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 67: 85-87.
— Walden, 1908. Conn.
(State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt., pp. 285-300.
Morphology: Crampton, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 219 (genitalia).
phyllisae Middlekauff. N. B. to N. C. w. to 111. and Minn. Host: Quercus rubra.
Pamphilius phyllisae Middlekauff, 1964. Calif. Univ., Pubs., Ent. 38: 49. 9, 6.
Biology: Eidt and Nichols, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 53-63.
pullatus (Cresson). Newfoundland to Va., w. to 111., Mo. Host: Viburnum dentatum.
Lyda pidlata Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 31. 9.
quebecensis (Provancher). Que. to N. C, w. to Mich.
Lyda quebecensis Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 205. 9.
rileyi (Cresson).Conn, to W. Va., w. to Mich., Iowa, Mo. Host: Amelanchier.
Lyda rileyi Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 32. 9.
Pamphilius subcavifrons Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 219. S.
rufofasciatus (Norton). Newfoundland to Ga. w. to Minn., Man., Colo., Alta.; Siberia.
Lyda rufo-fasciata Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 340. 9.
Lyda rxifocincta Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 32. 6.
Taxonomy: Benes, 1972. Acta Ent. Bohem. 69: 388 (in Onychohjda; a holarctic sp.).
semicinctus (Norton). Que. to N. C. w. to Tenn. and Ind. Host: Amelanchier canadensis,
Amelanchier sp., Pyrus malus, Prunus virginiana. Some may not represent true hosts.
Lyda semicincta Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 144. 9.
sitkensis (Kincaid). Idaho, Nev., Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Rubus parviflorus, R.
vitifolius, and probably other species of Rubus.
Bactroceros sitkensis Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 2: 344. 9.
Pamphilius ftilvifrons Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 218. 9.
Pamphilius fortuitus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ., Bui. 20(50): 27. 9 .
Lyda cayiadensis Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 336. 6. No locality given.
(App.), p. 312. N. W. T. and
Tarpa scripta Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped.,
v. 2,
Ark.
19
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA
Family PERGIDAE
This is a highly diversified and large family in the Neotropical and Australian regions. Only
one genus is found for certain in North America north of Mexico.
1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 87: 376-382 (key to subfamilies of
Taxonomy: Benson,
world).
Subfamily ACORDULECERINAE
Genus ACORDULECERA Say
Acordulecera Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 209.
Type-species: Acordulecera dorsalis Say. Monotypic.
Thulea Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 213.
Type-species: Thulea nigra Say. Monotypic.
Perantherix Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 109.
Type-species: Perantherix pumilio Westwood. Monotypic.
Acorduleceros Konow, 1898. Ent. Nachr. 24: 250.
This genus is confined to the New World where the largest number of species are found in
South America. In the United States and Canada, species of this genus are most abundant in the
eastern deciduous forests though several species are found as far west as Arizona. These
western forms have not been identified and are not listed below. The adults are small with short,
of the host plants.
six-segmented antennae, and the larvae feed externally on the foliage
dorsalis Say. Que. to Fla. w. to Iowa, Okla., Tex. Host: Qtiercus, Carya, Juglans, Castanea.
Either a species highly variable in coloration or a species complex.
Acordulecera dorsalis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 209. 9,6.
Acordulecera saginata Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 290. 9 .
Acordulecera nigrata Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 249. 9. N. syn.
Acordulecera portiae Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 249. 9.
Acordulecera basirufa Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 250. 9. N. syn.
Acordulecera flavipes Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 250. 9.
Acordulecera 7iigritarsis Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 250. 9.
Acordulecera quercus Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 251. 9 N. syn. .
Acordulecera hicoriae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 157. 9. N. syn.
Acordulecera meleca MacGillivray, 1921. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 16: 23. 6.
Acordulecera musta MacGillivray, 1921. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 16: 23. i.
maculata MacGillivray. N. Y., Pa., 111.
Acordulecera maculata MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 169. 9, 6.
mellina MacGilHvray. Conn, to Ga. w. to Mich., 111., Okla.
Acordulecera mellina MacGilHvray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 169. 9.
Acordulecera mixta MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 169. 9,6.
pellucida (Konow). Mass. and Pa. w. to Nebr., Kans., Tex.
Acorduleceros pellucidus Konow, 1898. Ent. Nachr. 24: 253. 9.
Acordulecera minuta MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 169. 9.
Acordulecera scutellata Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 247. 9, cJ. N. syn.
Subfamily LOBOCERATINAE
Genus SKELOSYZYGONIA Malaise
Family ARGIDAE
This family is cosmopolitan. It is the second largest sawfly family, with over 800 species. The
tropical regions of the world contain the largest number of species, over 100 species of Arge
alone having been described from tropical Africa. Over 300 species of the family have been
described from the Neotropical Region, even though the fauna there is virtually unexplored. In
America north of Mexico, the greater number of species is found in the southwestern United
States. Hosts and habits are various, but most species feed externally on the foliage of the host
plant in the larval stage. Only one North American species is known to be a leafminer,
Schizocerella pilicomis (Holmgren) in purslane.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 87: 371-375 (key to subfamilies,
world). —Malaise, 1941. Ent. Tidskr. 62: 131-140 (key to world genera). —Wong, 1951. Ont.
Ent. Soc, 82nd Ann. Rpt, p. 53 (cocoons). —Benson, 1963. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (13) 5:
631 (tribes of Arginae and genera of Scobini). —Smith, 1969. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 95:
439-457 (Nearctic genera). —Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 163-184 (N. Amer.
larvae).
Subfamily ARGINAE
Genus ARGE Schrank
Hylotoma viresceiis Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 296. 9,6.
Hylotoma MacLeayi Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 122. 9.
Hylotoma analis Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 123. S.
Hylotoma mellina Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 3. 9.
Hylotoma cyra Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 66. 9.
Hylotoma mentzeliae Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)2: 456. N. syn.
Acanthoptenos weithii Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 212.
Arge inops Konow, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 181. 6.
Hylotoma nigrescens Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 13. S. N. syn.
Hylotoma onerosa MacGillivray, 1923. Psyche 30: 80. 9, 6.
Hylotoma sparta MacGilHvray, 1923. 111. Univ., Bui. 20(50): 18. 9, 6.
Hylotoma sanguinea Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 299. 9.
Hylotoma scutellata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 211. 9. N. syn.
Hylotoma grandis Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 14. 6. N. syn.
ochropa (Gmelin). Ont.; Europe to Siberia, Middle East. Introduced (?) into N. Amer. Host:
Rosa.
Tenthredo ochropus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, pt. 5, p. 2657.
Taxonomy: Malaise and Benson, 1934. Archiv for Zool. 26A: 7-8, 13 (=rosae of authors, nee
Linnaeus).
22 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
pectoralis (Leach). Maine to Fla. w. to Ont., Sask., Mich., Ill, Mo., Tex. Host: Ahius, Betula,
Corylus, Crataegus, Salix. Birch sawfly. Probably a species complex.
Hylotoma pectoralis Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 124. 9.
Hylotoma dulciaria Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., (App.). p. 314. 9.
Arge salicis Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 206. 9,6.
Biology: Schwarz, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 106-108. -Wong, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86:
154. —Smirnoff, 1971. Ent. Soc. Quebec, Ann. 16: 86-88 (protozoan parasite).
scapularis (Klug). Maine to Fla. w. to Ont., Minn., Mo., Tex. Host: Alnus, Betula, Quercus,
Ulmus. Probably a species complex.
Hylotoma scapularis Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 299. S.
Hylotoma xanthothorax Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 124. 9.
Hylotoma calcanea Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 211.
Biology: Jack, 1891. Psyche 6: 11.
spiculata (MacGillivray). Ariz.; Mexico.
Hylotoma spiculata MacGillivray, 1907. Canad. Ent. 39: 308. 9.
Subfamily ATOMACERINAE
Genus ATOMACERA Say
Atomacera Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 212.
Type-species: Atomacera debilis Say. Desig. by Malaise, 1937.
Micrarge Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 213.
Type-species: Atoinacera nificollis Norton. Orig. desig.
Braunsiola Konow, 1899. Ent. Nachr. 25: 312.
Type-species: Brauyisiola truculenta Konow. Monotypic.
Spegazziniella Jorgensen, 1913. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 25: 260.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 167 (larva).
Biology: Dyar, 1900. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 8: 26. —Weiss and Lott, 1923. Ent. News 34: 167.
—Lindquist and Trinnell, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 181-184.
decepta Rohwer. Conn, to Fla. w. to Mo., Tex. Host: Hibiscus militaris, H. moscheutos hybrid.
Atomacera decepta Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 41: 382. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 167 (larva).
Subfamily STERICTIPHORINAE
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 169 (larva).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 170 (larva).
malvacearum (Cockerell). Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Althaea rosea, Malvastrum,
Malva, Sphaeralcea.
Nematoneura malvacearum Cockerell, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 253. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 179 (larva).
24 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Pteyios Norton, 1872.Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 77. Preocc. by Gray, 1843.
1911.
Type-species: Ptenos niger Norton. Desig. by Rohwer,
Ptenus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 51. N. name.
Ptenellus Malaise, 1937. Ent. Tidskr. 58: 56.
Type-species: Ptenos nigripectusil) Norton. Orig. desig.
This genus is found only in the New World and is distributed from southwestern United
States to northern South America.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 176 (larva).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 171 (larva).
Biology: Webster and Malley, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 51-54. — Garlick, 1922. Canad. Ent. 54:
240. -Force, 1965. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bui, v. 54, pp. 157-160.
This genus found only in the New World, where most of its representatives are found from
is
southwestern United States to South America. A few species extend north through the central
plains region to central Canada.
Revision: Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 549-580.
Sphacophiiiis Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., Sup., p. 427.
Type-species: Sphacophiiiis craivii Provancher. Monotypic
crawii Provancher. Idaho, Oreg. s. to N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.
Sphacophiiiis crawii Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., Sup., p. 427.
9.
Sphacophiiiis subg. Litocolus Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 556.
Type-species: Atomacera celiularis Say. Grig, desig.
Known hosts for this subgenus are members of the plant family Convolvulaceae.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 174 (larva).
Biology: Riley and Howard, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 43-45. — Marlatt, 1892. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 24-27.
Sphacophilus subg. Ceocoius Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 97: 562.
Type-species: Schizocenis abdoniinalis Cresson. Orig. desig.
Known hosts for species of this subgenus are members of the plant family Leguminosae.
These sawflies appear to be most common in the prairie regions of central North America.
abdominalis (Cresson). N. C; S. Dak., 111. w. to Colo., N. Mex. Host: P.wralea.
Schizocenis abdoininalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 243. <J.
albicosta Smith. Idaho, Wash., Oreg. Host: Psoralea.
Sphacophilus (Ceocoius) albicosta Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 563. 9, 3.
apios (Ross). N. C, 111., Kans. Host: Desniodiurn, Psoralea.
Sterictiphora apios Ross, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 13. 9, d, larva.
Sterictiphora apios form atresce^is Ross, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 14. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1972. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 98: 175 (larva).
oblatus Smith. N. Mex., Ariz.
Sphacophilus (Ceocoius) oblatus Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 576. 9.
plumiger (Klug). N. C, Ga., Fla. Host: Petalostemum.
Hylotoma plumiger Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 306. 9. "New
York" (!).
Cry plus Klugii Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 125. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1973. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 28-29.
Family CIMBICIDAE
These are large, robust sawflies, and the larvae are all external leaf feeders. The family is
found in most of the world except for the Ethiopian and Australian regions and contains about
130 species.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc London, Trans. 87: 369-372 (key to world
subfamilies). — Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216, p. 67 (Clavellariidae).
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 27
Subfamily ABIINAE
americana Cresson. Quebec to Alaska s. to Pa., Nebr., N. Mex., Calif. Ecology: Widespread.
Host: Symphoricarpos, Lonicera.
Zaraea americana Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 1. 9.
Biology: Britton, 1925. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 341. -Kieffer, 1933. Jour.
Econ. Ent.
26: 293. -Middlekauff, 1956. Jour. Econ. Ent. 49: 701.
inflata Norton. Mass. to Pa. w. to Nebr., Colo. Host: Lonicera. Honeysuckle sawfly.
Zaraea inflatus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 151. 9.
Abia caprifolium Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 46. 9.
Biology: Thomas, 1881. Tenth Rpt., State Ent. 111. 1880 p. 66.
Subfamily CIMBICINAE
Trichiosoma spicatuyn MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
103. 6.
Trichiosoma confundum MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 161. 9.
28 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Crabro Geoffrey, 1762. Hist. Abregee des Insectes, v. 2, p. 261. Suppressed by Internatl.
Comm. Zool. Nomencl., Op. 144, 1936. Publication unavailable for nomenclatorial
purposes, Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., Op. 228, 1954.
Type-species: Crabro humeralis Fourcroy. Desig. by Bradley, 1919.
Clavellarius Olivier, 1789. Encycl. Meth., Diet. Ins., v. 4, p. 22. Suppressed by Internatl.
Comm. Zool. Nomencl, Op. 216, 1954.
Type-species: Tenthredo lidea Linnaeus. Desig. by Latreille, 1810.
Cimbex Olivier, 1790. Encycl. Meth., Diet. Ins., v. 5, p. 762. N. name for Clavellarius
Olivier.
Clavellaria Lamarck, 1801. Systeme Anim. Sans Vert., p. 264. Emend.
A whose members are the largest of sawflies. Adults
Holarctic genus with about 17 species
have large, powerful mandibles with which they may sometimes girdle the twigs of their host.
Members of this genus show considerable variation in color and structure, and an intensive
study is required to determine the validity of the segregates listed below.
Taxonomy: Ross and Burke (!), 1947. Bui. Zool. Nomencl, pp. 201-202 (status of the name
Clavellarius Olivier. 1789).
americana Leach. Newfoundland to Alaska s. to N. C, Colo., Oreg. Ecology: Widespread.
Host: Acer, Alnus, Betula, Ostrya, Populus, Pruniis, Salix, Tilia, Ulmus. Elm sawfly.
Cimbex americana Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 105. 6.
Cimbex violacea Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 27. 9.
Cimbex luctifera Klug, 1829. Gesell Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1(2): 85. 9,6.
Cimbex La Portei Lepeletier, 1833. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 2: 454. 9.
Cimbex Viardi Lepeletier, 1833. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 2: 454. 9.
Ciynbex ulmi Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 374.
Cimbex Dahlbomi Guerin 1845. Inconogr. Regne Anim., v. 7 (Ins.), p. 398. 9.
Cimbex lateralis Guerin, 1845. Inconogr. Regne Anim., v. 7 (Ins.), p. 398. 9.
Cimbex kirbyi Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. v. 4, p. 672. 9.
Cimbex americana var. alba Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 42. 9.
Cimbex americana var. nortoni MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui 22: 104. 9.
Crabro americana var. rubrosa Ross, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 250. 6.
Biology: Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 374. —Webster, 1890. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Insect Life 2: 228-230.
—
Townsend, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 126. Aldrich, 1892.—
Canad. Ent. 24: 144. —
Severin and Severin, 1908. Wis. Acad. Scl, Arts and Letters, Trans.
16: 61-76. —Severin, 1920. S. Dak. State Ent., Circ. 22, 4 pp. —Wong, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86:
154. -Lipa and Smirnoff, 1971. Bui Acad. Pol. Sci., Ser. Sci. Biol. 19: 269-274 (a protozoan
parasite). —Stein, 1974. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 142, 6 pp.
Morphology: Severin and Severin, 1908. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 1: 87-101 (female reproductive
organs). —Severin and Severin, 1908. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 1: 196-205 (male reproductive
organs). —Severin and Severin, 1908. Wis. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, Trans. 16: 39-60
(digestive canal).
pacifica Cresson. Colo., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Salix.
Cimbex pacifica Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 1. 9, 6.
Biology: Schuh and Mote, 1948. Oreg. State Coll Agr., Expt. Sta. Bui 449: 128.
rubida Cresson. Nev., Calif. Host: Salix.
Cimbex rubida Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 1. 9.
semidea Cresson. Maine, N. H., Ont., Mich.
Cimbex semidea Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 1. 9.
Cimbex hudsonica Kirby, 1882. List. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 8. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 29
Family DIPRIONIDAE
A small family found in the coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere with about 91
world species in 11 genera. Though more common in the cool northern regions, representatives
are found as far south as north Africa, Pakistan, north India, Thailand, El Salvador, and Cuba.
Hosts are restricted to conifers; consequently, they are commonly called conifer sawflies. Lar-
vae defoliate the host, and sporadic outbreaks may occur in forest stands resulting in loss of
growth and sometimes tree mortality. Many are also a nuisance in plantations, nurseries, and or-
namental plantings. All larvae feed on the needles except for those of Augomonoctenus
libocedrii Rohwer which feeds in the developing cones of incense cedar. In addition to the
foliage, some may also feed on the tender bark of new twigs. Most larvae are gregarious at first
but later disperse on the tree in search of new food. Overwintering is either as an egg in the
needles or as a prepupa in a cocoon in the forest litter. Adults are short-Hved and are most easily
obtained by rearing. Depending on the species and sometimes the latitude, there may be from
one to five generations a year; however, sometimes it takes more than one year to complete a
life cycle. Diapause is common in many species.
Because this is an economically important group, literature references are numerous. The
literature cited here for many species is not complete and would take many more pages. Some
early literature, expecially prior to 1943, is not reliable because the taxonomy has changed to
such an extent that it is impossible to tell to which species the articles refer. The taxonomy of
some groups, Neodiprion in particular, is still flexuous.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 339-342 (genera of world). —Benson, 1945. Bui.
Ent. Res. 36: 163-164 (world classification). —
Gussakovskii, 1947. Faune de L'URSS, Ins.
Hym., v. 2, 234 pp. (Palaearctic species). —Benson, 1954. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser.
B: Taxonomy 23: 115-118 (world genera of Monocteninae). —Wong, 1951. Ont. Ent. Soc,
Ann. Rpt. 82, pp. 63, 66 (cocoons). -Smith, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 409-418 (key to
N. Amer. genera; list world spp.).
Biology: Craighead, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657, pp. 542-591 (eastern forests).
—Raizenne, 1957. Canad. Dept. Agr., Pub. 1009, pp. 11-24 (sawflies of s. Ont. and their
parasites). —Bird, 1955. Canad. Ent. 87: 124-127 (virus diseases).
—
Atwood, 1961. Ont.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 1960, 91: 205-215 (current status in Ont.). —
Coppel and Benjamin, 1965.
Ann. Rev. Ent. 10: 69-96 (binomics of Nearctic pine-feeding diprionids). Ryvkin, 1969. —
Beitr. Ent. 19: 595-605 (complexes of natural enemies). —
Philogene, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Quebec, Ann. 16: 112-119 (diapause). —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp.
439-453 (eastern forests). —
Knerer and Atwood, 1973. Science 179: 1090-1099
(polymorphism and speciation).
Subfamily MONOCTENINAE
Larvae of this subfamily feed on Cupressaceae.
Lopkynis {Monoctenus) juniperi Marlatt, 1888. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 10: 82. 9 , d .
Biology: Marlatt, 1888. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 10: 80-82. —Smith, 1943. Kans. State Bd.
suffusus (Cresson). Que., Maine, Mass., Conn., Ont., N. Y. Host: Jnnipenis virginiana, Thuja
occidentalis.
Lopliynis sufjusus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 26. 9.
Monoctenus piniperinus MacGillivray, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 328. 9. N. syn.
Biology: Britton, 1925. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 336. —Brown, 1940. Canada
Dept. Agr., Forest Ins. Survey, 4th Ann. Rpt. for 1939, p. 18.
Subfamily DIPRIONINAE
Larvae of this subfamUy feed on Pinaceae.
Neodiprion subg. Zadiprion Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 83.
Revision: Middleton, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 165-170. -Smith, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 73: 187-197.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 415 (key to spp.).
rohweri (Middleton). Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Nev., Calif. Host: Finns monophylla, P. edulis.
Neodiprion {Zadiprion) rohweri Middleton, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 166. 9, cJ.
townsendi (Cockerell). S. Dak., Nebr., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Pinus ponderosa.
Lophyrus townsendi Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 7) 2: 457. 9.
Diprion grandis Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 208. 9,6.
Biology: Swenk, 1911. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 24, pp. 1-33 ("bull pine sawfly").
to have larvae and accompanying biological data for correct determination. Determination of a
single stage is sometimes not possible. Characters have not been found for separation of males.
A number of confusing species complexes remain to be studied, and the listing below is not so
clear-cut as it appears. Some complexes may represent a single species with a number of geo-
graphic or food plant races or may represent a number of separate species units. Complications
arise when apparently similar larvae produce different adults and different larvae produce
similar adults. Further taxonomic work on Neodiprion will have to involve studies of all stages
and biologies of each form from different parts of their ranges. Those who encounter
Neodiprioii in the field are urged to rear adults, keep associated larvae of each instar, and take
notes on their life cycles.
Revision: Atwood and Peck, 1943. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D., Zool. Sci. 21: 109-144 (pine
feeding species of e. Canada). —Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 196-209 (N. Amer. species).
Taxonomy: West, Horwood, Bourns, and Hudson, 1959. Ent. Soc. Ont., Rpt. 89: 58-68
(serological and chromatographic studies). —Wallace, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 162
(spectrophotometry in taxonomy). — Schaefer and Wallace, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 574-577
(larval hemolymph amino acids as a taxonomic character).
Biology: Keen, 1938. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 273 (rev. 1952), pp. 116-120 (western
forests). —
Schaffner, 1943. Jour. Forestry 41: 580-588 (conifer sawflies in n. e. states).
—Atwood, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci. 21: 123-137
(pine feeding species in e. Canada). —Craighead, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657, pp.
550-557 (eastern forests). —
McCormick and Andresen, 1961. Amer. Mus. Nov. 2032, 6 pp.
(in s.N. J.). —
MacAloney and Schmiege, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Service, Lake
States Forest Expt. Sta. Paper 100, 42 pp. (conifer insects). —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 439-450 (eastern forests).
abbotii (Leach). Que., Ont. to Fla. w. to Wis. Host: Pinus caribaea, P. echinata, P. elliottii var.
Neodiprion (Neodiprion) eximina Rohwer, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 92. 9 .
Neodiprion flemingi Peck, 1943. in Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci.
21: 121.9 .
Biology: Atwood, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D. Zool. Sci. 21: 132-133
(larva, biology of flemingi).
—
Hetrick, 1956. Forest Sci. 2: 181 (as abbottii). Finlayson,
—
1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 475-476 (parasites). -Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175,
p. 447.
compar (Leach). N. B., Que., Ont., Va., N. C, Ga., Fla. Host: Pinus banksiana, P. resinosa, and
probably other pines.
Lophyrus compar Leach, 1817. Zool. Misc., v. 3, p. 120. 9 .
Neodiprion lanielensis Peck, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool.
Sci. 21: 115. 9 , (J .
Biology: Atwood, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci. 21: 132
(larva, biology of lanielensis).
dubiosus Schedl. Ont., Wis. and probably adjacent states and provinces. Host: Pinus
banksiana.
Neodiprion dubiostis Schedl, 1933. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent., Beihefte 20: 449. Larva.
Taxonomy: Schedl, 1935. Deut. Ent. Gesell. Mitt. 6: 39-44 (adults). —Becker, Wilkinson, and
Benjamin, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 173-178 (female, larva; separation from related
species).
32 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Schedl, 1937. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent., Beihefte 24: 51-54. — Schedl, 1939. Internatl.
Kong. Ent., Berlin 1938, sect. 7, bd. 3, pp. 2053-2103.
excitans Rohwer. Del, Va. to Fla. w. to III, Okla., Tex.; Brit. Honduras(?), El Salvador(?).
Host: Pi7ius clausa, P. echinata, P. elliottii, P. glabra, P. paiustris, P. rigida, P.
serotina, P. taeda.
Neodiprion (Neodiprion) excitans Rohwer, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 93. 9, 6.
Biology: Atwood, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci. 21: 131.
—Tripp and Wallace, 1965. Canad. Dept. Forestry, Forest Ent. and Path. Branch Ann.
Rpt. 1965, p. 95.
merkeli Ross. Ga., Fla. Host: Pinus elliottii var. densa. Slash pine sawfly.
Neodiprion merkeli Ross, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 452. 9, 6.
Biology: Wilkinson, 1965. Fla. Ent. 48: 271. -Wilkinson, 1968. Fla. Ent. 51: 199. (a hybrid of
N. warreni X A^. excitans ? ). —Wilkinson, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 241-247
(oviposition pattern; descriptions of stages).
nigroscutum Middleton. Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Pinus banksiayia is preferred, but also on P.
resinosa, P. strobus.
Neodiprion (Neodiprion) nigroscutum Middleton, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 80. 9.
Taxonomy: Wallace and Sipple, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 125 (distribution).
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 33
Morphology: Ghent, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 17-23 (linear increment in width of head capsule).
pratti paradoxicus Ross. N. S., N. B., Maine s. to Md. Host: Pinus banksiana, P. rigida, P.
sylvestris, P. echinata.
Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 199. 9, 6.
Biology: Forbes, Underwood, Cuming, and Eidt, 1961. Canad. Dept. Forestry, Forest Ent.
and Path. Branch, Ann. Rpt. 1961, p. 27. —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc Pub. 1175,
p. 443.
pratti pratti (Dyar). N. J. to N. C. w. to Ohio, Ind., 111., Ky. Host: Pinus virginiana, P.
echinata are preferred hosts, but also on Pinus rigida, P. taeda, P. palustris, P.
resiyiosa, and Picea abies.
Lophyrus Soc Wash., Proc. 4: 262. 9.
pratti Dyar, 1899. Ent.
Neodiprion {Neodiprion) dyari Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 85. 9, S.
(parasites, predators). —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 441-442.
Morphology: Schaefer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 941-945 (fatty acids). —Schaefer, Kaplanis, and
Robbins, 1965. Jour. Ins. Physiol. 11: 1013-1021 (relations of sterols to two host plants).
rugifrons Middleton. Ont, Wis. Host: Pinus banksiana.
Neodiprion {Neodiprion) rugifrons Middleton, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 79. 9.
Taxonomy: Becker, Wilkinson, and Benjamin, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 173-178.
34 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Wilitinson, Becker, and Benjamin, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 786-792. —Baker,
1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, p. 447.
swainei Middleton. N. B., Que. w. to Man., Mich., Wis., Minn. Host: Pinus ba^iksiana is
preferred, but also on Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, and P. sylvestris if near preferred
host. Swaine jack pine sawfly.
Neodiprion (Neodiprio7i) swahiei Middleton, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 171. 9,6.
Biology: Atwood, 1943. In Atwood and Peck, Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci. 21: 137.
—Ghent and Wallace, 1958. Forest Sci. 4: 264-272 (oviposition). —Wallace and Sipple, 1958.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 125 (in Mich.). —Franklin, 1959. Ent. News 70: 62. —Smirnoff, 1959.
Canad. Ent. 91: 246-248 (predators). —Smirnoff, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 957-958 (migration
phenomenon). —Smirnoff, 1961. Jour. Ins. Path. 3: 29-46 (virus diseases). — McLeod, 1961.
Canad. Ent. 93: 888 (extracting cocoons from soil). —Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 40
(parasites). —Benjamin and Underwood, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46: 703. —Tripp, 1962.
Canad. Ent. 94: 908 (parasites). —Lyons, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 49-58 (effect of aggregation
on egg and larval survival). —Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 483-484 (parasites).
— Pilon,
Tripp, McLeod, and Ilnitzky, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1450 (temperature influence on
prespinning eonymphs). —Becker and Benjamin, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 589-599. —Lyons,
1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1373-1407 (spatial distribution, sampling). —Lyons, 1964. Ont. Ent.
Soc, Proc. 94: 5-37. —Tripp, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 92. —McLeod, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98:
430-447 (cocoon distribution). —Pilon, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 789 (temperature and humidity
influence on life span of adults). —Smirnoff, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 242-248 (virus diseases).
—Smirnoff, 1967. Jour. Ins. Path. 9: 269-271 (virus diseases). —Smirnoff, 1967. Canad. Ent.
99: 214-216 (detecting viruses). —Smirnoff, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 313-318 (cysts in pupae).
— Lyons, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 68-84 (reproductive capacity). —McLeod, 1970. Forestry
Chronicle 46: 1-8 (epidemiology). — Tostowaryk, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1424-1427
(relationship between parasitism and predation).
— Philogene and Benjamin, 1971. Jour.
Ins. Physiol. 17: 1711-1716 (diapause as influenced by temperature and photoperiod).
—Philogene, 1971. Canad. Jour. Zool. 49: 449-450 (sensitivity of larvae to light).
—Smirnoff, 1971. Phytoprotection 52: 24-27 (management of blueberry fields to protect
surrounding jack pine stands against sivainei).
— Smirnoff, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 356-362
(transmission of disease by means of swainei parasites). —Philogene and Benjamin, 1971.
Canad. Ent. 103: 1705-1715 (temperature and photoperiod effect on immature stages and
adults). -Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 444-445.
taedae linearis Ross. Ohio, S. C. w. to 111., Mo., Tex. Host: Pinus taeda, P. echinata.
Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 199, 204. 9,6.
Warren and Coyne, 1958. Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 602, 23 pp. —Coyne, 1959. U. S.
Biology:
Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 34, 4 pp.
—
Wingfield and Warren, 1971. Kans. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 44: 491-500 (effect of temperature on cocoon stage). —Wingfield and Warren, 1972.
Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 45: 1-6 (effect of photoperiod on development). —Baker, 1972. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 443-444.
taedae taedae Ross. Va. and probably adjacent states. Host: Piyius taeda, to a lesser extent
Pinus echinata, P. virginiana.
Neodiprion taedae taedae Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 199, 204. 9, 6.
Biology: Hetrick, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 373-377 {americanum, nee Leach).
—
Hetrick,
1956. Forest Sci. 2: 183. —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, p. 443.
virginiana Rohwer. Va., W. Va., N. C, Tenn., Fla. Host: Pinus virginiana, P. clausa. Records
in literature, especially from Canada and the North Central states, pertaining to
virginiana are probably not this species. Species Hmits for this probable complex are
not yet settled.
Neodiprion (Neodiprion) virginiana Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 20: 87. 9, 6.
Neodiprion (Neodiprioji) affinis Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 20: 88. 9, 6.
warreni Ross. Fla., La., Ark. Host: Pinus echinata, P. glabra.
Neodiprion warreni Ross, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 451. 9,6.
Biology: Wilkinson, 1968. Fla. Ent. 51: 199.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 35
Lophyrus abietis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 376. Larva.
1933. Canad. Dept.
Biology: Bird, 1929. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1929, pp. 76-82. —Brown,
Agr., Forest Biol. Pub. 2, 4 pp. —Brown, 1941. Canad. Dept. Agr.,
Pub. 712: 50.
— Schaffner, 1943. Jour. Forestry 41: 583. Pierson, —
1943. Maine Forest Comm., Ed. 5, p.
17. -Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 10. -Struble, 1957. Forest Sci. 3: 306-310 (in
Calif.). —Struble, 1959. Jour. Forestry 57: 510-511 (egg sampling).
—
Finlayson, 1963.
Canad. Ent. 95: 476-478 (parasites). —Tripp and Wallace, 1965. Canad. Dept. Forestry,
Forest Ent. and Path. Br., Ann. Rpt. 1965, p. 95. -Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc.
Pub. 1175, pp. 446-447. —
Knerer and Atwood, 1973. Science 179: 1090-1099 (behavior;
splitting the N. abietis complex).
burkei Middleton. Mont., Wyo. Host: Finns contorta. Lodgepole sawfly.
Neodiprion {Neodiprimi) burkei Middleton, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 174. 9, 6.
Biology: Burke, 1932. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 224: 11-19.
deleoni Ross. Wash. (North Port). Host: Abies grandis.
Neodiprion deleoni Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 200, 205. 9, S.
demoides Ross. Calif. (Yosemite Natl. Pk.). Host: Pinus albicaulis.
Neodiprion demoides Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 201, 205. 9, 6.
edulicolus Ross. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Nev. Host: Pinus edidicolus, P. vionophylla.
Neodiprion edidicolus Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 201, 206. 9, cJ.
Biology: McGregor and Sandin, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 51-57.
fulviceps (Cresson). Mont., Colo. w. to Oreg., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Pinus ponderosa, P.jeffreyi,
P. laynbertiana, P. radiata, P. coulteri. Either a variable species or a confusing species
complex.
Lophyrus fidviceps Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 25. 9.
Griffiths, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 994 (development in cocoons). —Wallace and Sullivan, 1963.
Canad. Ent. 95: 1051-1066 (effect of temperature on development in cocoon). —Lyons,
1964. Ont. Ent. Soc, Proc. 95: 5-37. —Lyons, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1373 (spatial
distribution).—Wilson, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 98, 8 pp. Henson, —
1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 773 (rearing techniques). —Sullivan, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 970
(ability of eggs to withstand low winter temperatures). —Sullivan and Wallace, 1965.
Canad. Jour. Zool. 43: 233-245 (photoperiodism in development). —
Austara, 1966. Norske
Skogsforsoksv. Meddel. 21: 5-15. —Rose and Sipple, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 39-45 (cocoon
and parasite distribution). —Wilson, 1966. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 99, 4 pp.
—Wallace and Sullivan, 1966. Canad. Jour. Zool. 44: 147 (geographic variation in
photoperiod reaction). —Sullivan and Wallace, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 834-850 (temperature
and photoperiod effect on diapause). —Griffiths, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 1095-1099
(parasites). —Sullivan and Wallace, 1968. Canad. Jour. Zool. 46: 959-963. —Sullivan and
Wallace, 1968. Canad. Jour. Zool. 46: 1082-1083 (photoperiod response). —Griffiths, 1969.
Canad. Ent. 101: 673-713 (parasites). —Wilson, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet
(rev.), 6 pp. —Austara 1971. Norsk. Ent. Tidsskr. 18: 45-48 (cold hardiness in eggs).
—Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 447-448. —Eisner, et al. 1974. Science
184: 996-999 (defensive use of a plant resin).
Morphology: Watson, 1955. Canad. Ins. Pest Rev. 33: 229 (gynandromorphs).
—
Togashi, 1958.
Kontyu 25: 6-12 (internal reproductive organs). —
Marek, 1963. Ceskoslov. Spolec Zool.
Vest. 27: 115-124 (physiology). —
Pschorn-Walcher, 1970. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 66: 63-68
(morphological differences between alpine and lowland populations).
tsugae Middleton. Mont., Idaho, Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Tsuga heterophylla is
preferred, but also on Tsuga mertensiayia, Picea sitcheyisis, and Abies aynabilis when
adjacent to preferred host. Hemlock sawfly.
Neodiprion (Neodiprion) tsugae Middleton, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 77. 9, 6.
Biology: Hopping and Leech, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 71-91. — Furniss and Dowden, 1941 Jour.
Econ. Ent. 34: 46-52. —Downing, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 31, 4 pp.
— Torgersen, 1969. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 66: 53-62 (parasites).
—
Schmiege, 1970.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 37
U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 31, 4 pp. -Hard and Schmiege, 1968. U. S. Dept.
1971. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Forest Service Paper, PNW-65, 11 pp. (in s. e. Alaska). —Hard,
Sta. 157, 8 pp.
Agr., Forest Service, Res. Note, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Expt.
ventralis Ross. Colo. Host: Pinus ponderosa.
ventralis Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 201, 206. 9, i.
Neodiprion
werneri Ross. Ariz. (Pinelino Mts., Hospital Flat, 9000 ft.).
Neodiprion werneri Ross, 1955. Forest Sci. 1: 200, 205. 9.
Unplaced Taxa of Neodiprion Rohwer
Two of the following species were described from males. Because the taxonomy of Neodiprion
is based primarily on females, they cannot be placed.
similis (Hartig). Que., Maine, Ont. to Va. w. to Minn., Ind.; Europe. Introduced, first recorded
in Conn, in 1914, probably entering on imported nursery stock. Host: Pinus hanksiana,
P. cembra, P. divaricata, P.flexilis, P. moyitana, P. monticola, P. mugho, P. resinosa, P.
rigida, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, P. taeda, P. virginiana,
and many other pines in
Diprion si7nile var. claristemis Enslin, 1916. Forstl. Naturw. Ztschr. 14: 9.
Biology: Britton, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 281-282.
—
Zappe, 1917. Jour. Econ. Ent. 10:
188-190. -Middleton, 1923. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1182, 21 pp. —Hartley, 1923. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 16: 386-388 (in Pa.; parasites). —
Munro, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 137-140. Peirson, —
1943. Maine Forest Comm., Ed. 5, p. 15. -Schaffner, 1943. Jour. Forestry 41: 587. -Will,
1944. Pa. Acad. Sci., Proc. 18: 49. —
Tsao and Hodson, 1956. Jour. Econ. Ent. 49: 400.
— Coppel, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 847 (cocoons as habitats for other Arthropods).
— Coppel, Casida, and Dauterman, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 510-512 (sex
attractants).—Anderson and Schmiege, 1961. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Service, Lake
States Forest Expt. Sta. Paper 88, p. — Mertins, 1961. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters,
7.
Trans. 59: 127-168. — Finlayson, 1962. Canad. Ent. 271-282 (parasites). —Casida, Coppel,
and Watanabe, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 18-24. —Wilson, 1966. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest
Pest Leaflet 99, 4 pp. —Mertins and Coppel, 1971. Ann. Ent. Soc, Amer. 64: 1191-1192
(sexual behavior in gynandromorphs). —Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp.
450-451.
38 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Morphology: Mertins and Coppel, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 33-38 (abdominal glands in
female).
fnitetorum (Fabricius). Que., Maine, Ont. s. to N. J., Pa.; Europe to Siberia. Accidentally
introduced, first found in Mass. and R. I. in 1932. Host: Pbnis sylvestris, P. reshiosa are
favored, but also found on Pinus banksiana, P. strobus, P. mugho, P. nigra, and P.
cembra in North America, and other pines in Eurasia.
Tenthredo fnitetorum Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 111.
Lophyrus variegatus Hartig, 1834. Forstl. Convers.-Lex., p. 990.
Lophyrus thomsoni Konow, 1884. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 28: 312.
Diprion fnitetorum var. lutescens Enslin, 1916. Forstl. Naturw. Ztschr. 14: 13.
Diprion frutetonim var. luteolum Enslin, 1916. Forstl. Naturw. Ztschr. 14: 13.
Biology: Gray, 1938. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1937, pp. 50-51.
—
Schaffner, 1943. Jour.
Forestry 41: 586. —Schaffner, 1944. Conn. State Ent., 43rd Rpt., 1943, Bull. 481, pp..
310-311. -Hsin, 1935. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent., Beihefte 22: 254, 255-260, 267-271, 289-292
(biological study in Germany), -de Oliveira and Juillet, 1969. Phytoprotection 50: 59-69.
—Baker, 1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 451-452.
hercyniae (Hartig). Newfoundland, Que., Ont. to Pa. w. to Man.; Europe. Accidentally
introduced, first found in Ont. in 1922 and in N. H. in 1929; first serious infestation was
at Gaspe, Que. in 1930. Host: Picea glauca, P. rubens, P. mariana, P. abies, P. excelsa,
P. pungens, P. sitchensis, and other species of spruce in infested areas here and in
Europe. European spruce sawfly. Prior to 1941, the species found in North America was
referred to under the name polytomum (Hartig).
Lophyrus hercyniae Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung
Naturgesch. Hym., p. 123.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1938. Nature 141: 121. —Smith, 1941. Sci. Agr. 21: 245-305 (cytology and
parthenogenesis). —Reeks, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 181-187 {hercyniae and polytomum as
distinct species). —
Balch, Reeks, —
and Smith, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 198-202. Forster,
1949. Canad. Ent. 81: 112.
Biology: Dowden, 1931. Tree Pest Leaflet 34, 4 pp. —Balch and Simpson, 1932. Canad. Ent.
64: 162-163. —Balch, 1934. Canad. Dept. Agr., Div. Forest Ins., Special Cir., 6 pp. —Balch,
1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 23-31. —
MacAloney, 1936. Tree Pest Leaflet 6, 4 pp. —
MacAloney,
1936. Jour. Forestry 34: 125-129. —
Atwood, 1938. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1937, pp. 48-50.
-Peirson and Nash, 1939. Maine Forest Comm., 22nd Bien. Rpt. 1937-1938, pp. 79-96.
-Balch, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32: 412-418. —Dowden, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32: 619-624.
— Prebble, 1941. Canad. Jour. Res. 19: 295-322, 323-346, 350-362 (diapause). -Brown, 1941.
Canad. Dept. Agr., Pub. 712, 5 pp. —
Goebeil, 1941. Canad. Jour. Res. 19: 363-382
(diapause). -Goebeil, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 677-679 (diapause). —Schaffner, 1943.
Jour. Forestry 41: 585-586. —Balch and Bird, 1944. Sci. Agr. 25: 65-80. —Reeks and Smith,
1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 10. —Morris, 1949. Mich. Univ. School Forestry and Conserv., Bui. 12,
58 pp. —Morris, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 133-147. —
Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad.
Ent. 90: 584 (parasites). —Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 922-941 (parasites). —Balch,
1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 301. —
Martineau, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 317. —
Neilson and Morris,
1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 773-784 (regulation in Maritime Provinces, 1937-1963). Monteith,—
1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 682-685 (responses to food plant and tachinid parasite). —Baker,
1972. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 1175, pp. 452-453. -Wong, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104:
755-756 (spread in Man.).
Family TENTHREDINIDAE
This is the largest sawfly family with over 5,000 world species. Representatives of the
Tenthredinidae are found in all regions of the world, but it is a dominant family only in the
Northern Hemisphere where their predominance increases northwards. Most members of this
family are cylindrical,waspHke insects ranging in size from 2.5 mm. to about 15 mm. in length.
Most have nine-segmented antennae though some have fewer and some more. Habits and host
plants are diverse. Most larvae feed externally on the foliage of the host plant, but some are
leafminers, gallformers, or shootborers. Most larvae are caterpillarlike.
The division of the family into subfamilies has always been controversial, and there are nearly
as many different arrangements as authors. There are current differences between North
American and European workers. Eight subfamilies are utilized in this catalog, most of the units
being the same as those previously recognized in the North American literature. Most
are readi-
ly separated on the basis of wing venational differences.
For general references to this family, see those listed under Suborder Symphyta.
Subfamily SELANDRIINAE
Members of this subfamily are associated with ferns, grasses, and sedges. The Selandriinae
are poorly represented in the northern regions of the world, but it is one of the dominant groups
in the tropics; for example, nearly 200 species have been described from the Americas south of
the United States.
Revision: Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1398, 48 pp. (Nearctic species).
Taxonomy: Malaise, 1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 159-215 (key to world genera).
Tribe STRONGYLOGASTRINI
Genus ERIOCAMPIDEA Ashmead
Eriocampidea Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 256.
Type-species: Eriocampidea arizonensis Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Cockerellonis MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 365.
Type-species: Cockerellonis occidentalis MacGillivray. Orig. desig.
A small genus found from southwestern United States into Mexico.
Taxonus amicus Norton, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 213. 9,6.
Hemitaxonus rnfopectus Rohwer, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 204. 9.
dubitatus (Norton). N. S., N. B., Que. to N. C. w. to Minn., Ill, Tex. Host: Onoclea sensibilis.
Taxonus dubitatus Norton, 1862. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, Proc. 9: 119. 9, cJ.
40 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
distans Norton. Colo., Utah w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Pteridium aquilinum,.
Strongylogaster distayis Norton, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 220. 9.
Strongylogaster pacificus MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 241. 9, d.
soriculatipes Cresson. N. B., Que. to Md. w. to Minn., 111. Host: Pteridium aquilinum.
Stwngylogaster soriculatipes Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 20. 9.
Strongylogaster soriculatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 296. 9.
Strongylogaster unicus Norton, 1862. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 120. 9.
Tribe ANEUGMENINI
Genus ANEUGMENUS Hartig
Empbytus subg. Aneugmenus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst
Einleitung Naturgesch. Hym., p. 253.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Emphytus) coronata Klug. Monotypic
Colposelandria Enslin, 1912. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 55: 110.
Type-species: Colposelandria jacobsoni Enslin. Orig. desig.
Selandria subg. Atoposelandria Enslin, 1913. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 197.
padi (Linnaeus). B. C, Wash., Oreg.; Europe to Siberia, N. Africa, Asia Minor. Probably
introduced. Host: Pteridium aquilinum.
Tenthredo padi Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suecica, Ed. 2, p. 390.
Tenthredo (Allantus) stramiyieipes Klug, 1818. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 75.
9, (J.
Tenthredo (Eiuphytus) coronata Klug, 1818. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 276. 9.
Tenthredo albipes Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 105.
Selandria rufitarsis Brulle, 1832. Exped. Moree, Zool., v. 2, p. 394. 9.
Selandria analis Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 239. 9.
Selandria cereipes Vollenhoven, 1873. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 16: 13.
Selandria vollenhoveni Gribodo, 1880. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bui. 12: 7.
Selandria bimaculata Cobelli, 1892. Verh. Ges. Wien. 42: 71. 6.
42 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1968. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 22: 134.
scutellatus Smith. Ariz.; Mexico. Ecology: Adults collected from ferns.
Aneugmenus scutellatus Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 1398, p. 28. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 526 (lectotype for nigricans).
Tribe SELANDRIINI
Genus BRACHYTHOPS Haliday
Coryna Lepeletier and Serville, 1825. Encycl. Meth., Ins., v. 10, p. 567. Preocc. by Bosc,
1802.
Type-species: Tenthredo scapularis Lepeletier and Serville. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Brackythops Haliday, 1839. In Curtis, Brit. Ent., v. 16, p. 764.
Type-species: Brachythops seminigra Haliday. Monotypic.
Paraselandria Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 255.
Type-species: Selandria flavens Klug. Orig. desig.
Selajidridea Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 388.
Type-species: Selayidridea I'anduzeei Rohwer. Orig. desig.
Pseudoselandria MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 103.
Type-species: Pseudoselandria oxalata MacGillivray Orig. desig.
A small holarctic genus closely related to the Palaearctic Selandria Leach. Larvae of this
genus feed on sedges.
flavens (Klug). Labrador to Alaska s. to N. Y., Wis., Colo.; Europe to Siberia. Host: Carex.
Tenthredo (Allantus) flavens Klug, 1818. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 48. 9, 3.
Tenthredo (Coryna) scapularis Lepeletier and Serville, 1825. Encycl. Meth. Ins., v. 10, p.
567. 9.
Phyllotoma puella Fallen, 1829. Monog. Tenthred. Suec, p. 30. 9, 6.
Brachythops seminigra Haliday, 1839. In Curtis, Brit. Ent., v. 16, p. 764.
Selandria flavescens Thomson, 1870. Opusc. Ent, 2nd Fasc, p. 291.
Selandria decolorata Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 15. 6.
Selandridea vandiizeei Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 388. 9, cJ.
Selandria flavens \ar.flavior Enslin, 1913. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 144.
Pseudoselandria oxalata MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 103. 9.
wuestneii (Konow). Que., N. W. T., Man., Alta., Yukon, Alaska; Europe. Host: Carex.
Selandria icustneii Konow, 1885. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 4: 122. 9,6.
Tribe ADELESTINI
Genus ADELESTA Ross
Tribe HEPTAMELINI
Genus HEPTAMELUS Haliday
Melicerta Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 94. Preocc. by Schrank, 1803.
Type-species: Melicerta ochroleuca Stephens. Monotypic.
Heptamelus Haliday, 1855. Nat. Hist. Rev., v. 2, p. 60.
Type-species: Melicerta ochroleuca Stephens. Monotypic.
Caenoneura Thomson, 1870. Opusc Ent., 2nd Fasc, p. 270.
Type-species: Caenoneura dahlbomi Thomson. Monotypic.
Most species of this genus are found in Asia.
Subfamily DOLERINAE
The two genera in this subfamily are both widespread throughout the subarctic and tem-
perate regions of the Northern Hemisphere; one species is known from Uganda. Dolerus con-
tains about 125 and Lodenis about 16 world species. Larvae feed on horsetails, grasses, sedges,
and rushes. A few species may be of importance when feeding in cultivated crops. Adults fly
early in the spring and are found in their host-plant communities, on nearby flowers such as
those of Crataegus and Prunus, or on willow catkins. Some may feed on the sap of sugar maple.
There is normally a single generation a year, and mature larvae overwinter in an earthen cell in
the ground. Species of this subfamily can be collected in large numbers. The time of emergence
of the adults can be accurately predicted, yet, very little biological work has been done. Larvae
for so few species have been associated that it is impossible to identify them beyond genus.
Taxonomy: Ross, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 88-93. —Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 55-63. —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent.,
Bui. 12: 388-389 (holarctic species).
asper Zaddach. Mass., Conn., Mich., Ind., S. Dak., Alaska; Europe, Siberia. Host: Cyperaceae
and Gramineae.
Dolerus asper Zaddach, 1859. Programm Friedr. Col. Konigsberg, p. 21. 6.
Dolerus tectus MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 66: 104. 9, i.
Dolerus asper 7negapteroides Muche, 1964. Reichenbachia 4: 31-33. 9 (male misdet.).
borealis MacGillivray. Idaho, Wash., Oreg.
Dolenis borealis MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 238. 9.
Dolerus nominatus MacGillivray, 1923. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 11: 34. 9.
illini Ross. Mass., N. Y. w. to Alta., S. Dak., Colo. Ecology: Adults collected in Equisetum,
Dolerus coruscans Konow, 1890. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 9: 10. N. name for anthracinus Thomson.
Dolems wanda Ross, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 91. 9.
Biology: Kamm, 1975. Environ. Ent. 4: 312-314.
unicolor (Beauvois). Que. to Ga. w. to Man., S. Dak., Colo. Host: Phleum pratense.
Tenthredo unicolor Beauvois, 1805. Ins. Afr. Amer., p. 97. 6.
Tenthredo thoracinus Beauvois, 1805. Ins. Afr. Amer., p. 97. 9.
Dolerus arvensis Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2 (App.), p. 319. 9.
Dolerus thoracicus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 230.
Biology: Riley and Marlatt, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 168-179. —Forbes, 1885.
14th Rpt. State Ent. Ill, p. 100.
Dolenis 7noramus Ross, 1931. 111. Biol. Monog. 12(3): 62. 9,6.
neoagcistus MacGillivray. Maine, Ont. to Va. w. to Nebr., Kans., Miss.
Dolenis neoagcistus MacGillivray, 1923. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 18: 55. 9.
Dolenis neoshigjius MacGillivray, 1923. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 18: 55. 9.
nortoni Ross. Maine, Ont. to Md. w. to Mich., 111.
Dolenis 7iorto7ii Ross, 1931. 111. Biol. Monog. 12(3): 51. 9, 6.
Dolenis norioni var. nigritella Ross, 1931. 111. Biol. Monog. 12(3): 53. 9.
osagensis Ross. N. J., Okla.
Dolenis osagensis Ross, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 89. 9, 6.
piercei Rohwer. N. J., Nebr., Kans.
Dolenis piercei Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 10. 9.
salmani Ross. Calif.
Dolenis salmani Ross, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 88. 9, d.
versus Norton. N. Y. to Va. w. to Ohio, Mo., Tex.
Dolenis versa Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 239. 9,6.
Species Group Similis
Taxonomy: Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 55.
nasutus MacGillivray. Alta., Mont., Colo., N. Mex., B. C, Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Dolenis nasutus MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 65. 9.
Dolenis nugatorius MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 66. 9, 6.
Dolenis novellus MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 67. 9.
similis nescius MacGillivray. B. C, Wash., Nev.
Dolenis nescius MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 12. 9.
similis similis (Norton). Newfoundland to Alaska s. to Va., Ky., Tex., N. Mex., Calif. Ecology:
Widespread. Host: Equisetum.
Dosytheus similis Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 152. 9.
Dolenis tibialis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 52. 6.
Dolenis conjugatus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 128. 9.
Dolenis plesiiis MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 129. 9.
Dolerus inspectus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 128. 6.
Dolerus stugnus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 129. 9.
Dolenis acritus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 130. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 47
Taxonomy: Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 58-59.
gessneri konowi MacGillivray. Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Siberia. Host: Equisetum.
D. gessneri gessneri Andre is European.
Dolerus konowi MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 106. 9, cJ.
Dolerus nunterosus MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 67. 9, 6.
Dolerus yiidulus MacGillivray, 1923. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 11: 31. 9.
Dolerus kamtchaticus Malaise, 1932. Arkiv for Zool. 23A: 18. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 59.
Taxonomy: Malaise and Benson, 1934. Arkiv for Zool. 26A: 5 (D. pratensis of authors, not
L=D. gennanicus (Fabricius)). —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 389.
subfasciatus neoaprilis MacGillivray. Newfoundland to N. W. T., Alaska s. to N. Y., 111., Nebr.,
Colo. Ecology: Widespread. Host: Equisetuyn. D. subfasciatus subfasciatus Smith is
found in Japan.
Dolerus neoaprilis MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 126. 9.
Dolerus nivatus MacGillivray, 1923. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 31: 164. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 59.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 62 (status of
N. Amer. forms).
48 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
eversmanni acidus MacGillivray. Que., Maine to Pa. w. to Alaska, 111.; East Asia. Host:
Equisetum. L. eversmanni eversniamii (Kirby) is European.
Loderus acidns MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 20. 9, d.
genucinctus niger Rohwer. Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Equisetum. L. genucinctus genucinctus
(Zaddach) is Palaearctic.
Loderus niger Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 49. 9, S. Preocc. in Dolerus but not in
Loderus.
Dolerus napaeus MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 65. 9.
Dolerus Jiepotulus MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 68. 6.
Dolerus iiauficus MacGillivray, 1923. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 11: 35. 9.
pratorum albifrons (Norton). Newfoundland to Alaska s. to N. Y., Nebr., Calif.; East Asia.
Host: Equisetum. L. pratorum pratorum (Fallen) is European.
Dosytkeus apricus var. albifrons Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 152. 9.
Dolerus minusculus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 126. 9.
Loderus accuratus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 19. 9.
vestigialis apricus (Norton). N. B. to Va. w. to Alaska, Man., Wash., Nebr., Colo. Host:
Equisetum. L. vestigialis vestigialis (Klug) is European.
Tenthredo (Dosytheus) aprica Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Dosytheus apricus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 152. 9.
Dolerus hictatus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 127. 9.
Dolerus femur-ruhnim Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 9. 9.
Loderus acerbus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 19. 9.
Loderus alticinctus MacGilHvray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 20. 9.
Loderus ancisus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 21. 9.
Subfamily SUSANINAE
Revision: Smith, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 13-23.
Members of this exclusively North American genus feed on plants of the family Cupressaceae.
annulata Smith. Calif. (San Mateo Co., Marin Co.). Ecology: Adults collected from Cupressus
macrocarpa.
Susana annulata Smith, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 22. 9, cJ.
cupressi Rohwer and Middleton. S. Calif. Host: Cupressus.
Susana cupressi Rohwer and Middleton, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 94. 9, 6.
fuscala Wong and Milliron. B. C. Host: Juniperus scopulomm.
Susana fuscala Wong and Milliron, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 1025-1026. 9, larva.
Subfamily NEMATINAE
The Nematinae are a large and diverse group, especially in habits and host plants. It is the
dominant sawfly group in the arctic and subarctic regions of the world where they comprise
nearly the entire sawfly fauna. Their abundance decreases rapidly southward and only a few
species extend into Mexico. Only two species, both Pristiphora, are known from South America.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 49
Larval habits range from free leaf feeders to gall formers, others are leaf edge rollers, leaf
miners, and some live and feed inside the fruits of rosaceous plants. The taxonomy of many
groups is imperfectly known and few have been recently studied. Because of their abundance in
the arctic region, many represent holarctic species, and a worker is met with the major obstacle
of having to become familiar with the innumerable forms described from Eurasia. Variation is
another factor since the extreme arctic climate may influence major morphological and color dif-
ferences within species. For example, females of Amauroneviatus abnonnis (Holmgren) are
normally brachypterous, but females with normal wings also exist. Some of the gall forming
groups apparently contain species complexes where there are practically no adequate
morphological characters for species separation and where identity may have to be based on
specific host records and accompanying biological information. Extensive field work and
knowledge of the world fauna will be essential to the study of most groups, and such facilities
are not available to most taxonomists.
Revision: Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3, 135 pp.
Biology: Marlatt, 1895. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 3: 263-267 (notes on some gall forming species).
Tribe CLADIINI
Revision: Rohwer and Middleton, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 1-46 (also biology).
—Smith, 1974. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 100: 1-28.
Only one of several species of this holarctic genus is found in North America.
difformis (Panzer). N. Que. to B. C. s. to Va., Ky., Mo., CaHf.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology:
S.,
Biology: Murtfeldt, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Bui. 22: 78. —Chittenden, 1908. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 105, 6 pp. —Middleton, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 60: 13. —Middleton, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1252, 4 pp.
Priophonis. salicivorus Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
60: 29. 9, 6.
morio (Lepeletier). N. B. to B. C. s. to Pa., Mich., Mont., CaHf.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology:
Widespread. Host: Rubus. Introduced into New Zealand and Tasmania; attempted
introduction into Hawaii from Oreg. and Calif, to aid in biological control of Rubus.
Cladiiis vtorio Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 58. 9, 6.
Nemahis bnillei Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin. Scand., p. 7.
Cladins tener Zaddach, 1859. Programm Friedr. Col. Konigsberg, p. 11. 9.
Cladius tristis Zaddach, 1859. Programm Friedr. Col. Konigsberg, p. 11. 9, d.
Priophonis rubivorus Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60:
28. 9.
Priophorus montanus Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60:
31.9.
Priophonis nibi Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 32.
9.
Biology: Essig and Hoskins, 1944. Calif. Dept. Agr., Ext. Serv. Cir. 87: 37. —Smith and Kido,
1949. Hilgardia 19: 43-54. -Nakao, 1967. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 19: 339.
pallipes (Lepeletier).Newfoundland to Alaska s. to Va., Tenn., 111., Colo., Oreg.; Eurasia.
Ecology: Widespread. Host: Pninus, Crataegus, Alnus.
Tenthredo albipes Fallen, 1808. Svenska Ventensk. Akad., Handl. 29: 110. Preocc. by
Geoffroy, 1785.
Cladius pallipes Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 59. 9, 6.
Pristiphora varipes Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 61. 6.
Cladius !wm?(?us Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 23.
Neynatus vielaiiostigma Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 35.
Cladius aequalis Norton, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 78. 6.
Priophonis discors Konow, 1894. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 88.
Cladius solifaris Dyar, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 192. 9, larva.
Priophonis modestius MacGillivray, 1921. Ent. News 32: 49. 9.
Priophonis muuditus MacGillivray, 1921. Ent. News 32: 50. 9.
Priophonis crataegi Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60:
26. 9.
Priophonis pnini Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 32.
9, 6.
Priophonis virginiayius Rohwer, 1922. hi Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
60:34. 9.
Priophonis plesius Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 35.
9.
Biology: Middleton, 1922. hi Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 1-46 (notes
following descriptions of species listed above).
Biology: Middleton, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 11.
simplicicornis (Norton). N. S. to N. Y. w. to Sask.; N. Mex. and Calif. Host: Salix, sometimes
Populus.
Cladius simplicicornis Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 367. 6 .
Biology: Middleton, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 7. — Viereck,
1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 43. -Beique, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 1085-1097. -Smirnoff and
Beique, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 379-381 (polyhedral disease).
Tribe NEMATINI
Genus HOPLOCAMPA Hartig
Larvae of this holarctic genus live and feed inside the fruits of Rosaceae. Species that attack
cultivated crops such as cherries, pears, and apples may be serious pests. Adults emerge in the
spring when their host plant is in bloom and the females oviposit in the ovaries. Sometimes
adults can be collected in large numbers from their host blossoms. The larvae feed in the
developing fruit of the host, the fruit usually falling off when the larvae mature. The larvae
enter the ground where they overwinter. All species are single brooded.
Revision: Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 20(4): 139-148. —Ross, 1943.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 61-92 (as Holocampa (!)).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1968. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 22: 199 (key to three species
groups).
brevis (Klug). R. I., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Pa., Md.; Europe. Introduced, first found in Ontario in
1964. Host: Pynis. An economic pest of pear.
Tenthredo (Allantus) brevis Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 53. 9.
Taxonomy: Dustan, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98:267 (occurrence in Canada). —Smith, 1966. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 16(12): 228-230 (separation of brevis and testudinea
adults and larvae).
cookei (Clarke). B. C, Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Prunus. A pest of cultivated cherries.
Cherry fruit sawfly.
Dolenis cookei Clarke, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 351. 9, cJ.
Hoplocampa (Hoplocampa) califomica Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Tech.
Ser. 20(4): 123. 9, c5.
Biology: Foster, 1913. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 116, pp. 73-79.
—
Essig, 1914. Calif.
State Comm. Hort., Monthly Bui., p. 31. —
Duruz, 1922. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui.
9(4): 393-399. -Essig and Hoskins, 1944. Calif. Dept. Agr., Ext. Serv. Cir. 87: 47.
Morphology: Bird, 1926. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 19: 268-279 (external anatomy of adult).
—Bird, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 481-486 (external anatomy of larva).
Idaho Ross. Idaho, Wash., Oreg.
Hoplocampa idaho Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 81. 9, 6.
lacteipennis Rohwer. Maine to N. Y. w. to Man., Alta., Mont., Colo. Host: Prunus virginiana
and probably other species of Pninus.
Hoplocampa {Macgillivrayella) lacteipennis Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 244. 9.
Hoplocampa {Macgillivrayella) xanthura Rohwer, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 244. 6.
Hoplocampa (Macgillivrayella) pallida Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Tech.
Ser. 20(4): 141. 9.
Biology: Bird, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 481-486 (xantha, not Rohwer).
nalema Ross. Wash. (Mt. Rainier).
Hoplocampa nalema Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 82. 9, 6.
neneti Ross. Maine, N. H., Ont. Ecology: Adults collected from Amelanchier.
Hoplocampa yieneti Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 77. 6.
oregonensis (Ashmead). Mont., Idaho, Oreg.
Macgillivraya oregonensis Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 257. 9,6.
oskina Ross. Maine, N. Y. w. to Mich., Iowa, Kans. Ecology: Adults collected from Crataegus
flowers.
Hoplocampa oskina Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 71. 9, 6.
pallipes MacGillivray. N. H., N. Y. to Mich.; Alta. w. to B. C, Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Adults
collected from Amelanchier flowers.
Hoplocampa pallipes MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 239. 9.
Hoplocampa (Hoplocampa) nevadensis Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Tech.
Ser. 20(4): 143. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 53
ritcheri Ross. N. C, 111., Wash. Ecology: Adults collected from Crataegus flowers.
Hoplocampa ritcheri Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 72. 9, cJ.
sialica Ross. Maine to Md. w. to Mich. Ecology: Adults collected from Amelanchier flowers.
Hoplocampa sialica Ross, 1943. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 69: 67. 9, 6.
matthewsi Smith. N. Y.
Caulocampus matthewsi Smith, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 128. 9.
Biology: Ross, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 247-248. -Hopping, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 243-249.
—Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 11.
54 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Hemichroa subg. Varna Ross, 1937. 111. Biol. Monog. 15(2): 79.
albipes (Cresson). Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: Adults collected from Quercus.
Mesoneura albipes Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 11. 9.
Craterocercus califoniicus Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 234. 9.
cordleyi MacGillivray. Oreg., Calif.
Craterocercus cordleyi MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 9. 9.
fraternalis (Norton). N. H. to Pa. w. to Wis., Ill, Kans., Tex. Host: Quercus alba.
Hemichroa fratenialis Norton, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 81. 6.
Craterocercus quercivorus Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 164. 9,6.
Craterocercus cervinus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 9. 9.
Craterocercus circulus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 9. 9.
furcatus Smith. Conn., N. J., 111.
Craterocercus furcatus Smith, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 160. 9.
obtusus (Klug). Conn, to Fla. w. to III., Kans., Ark., Tex. Host: Quercus alba, Q. coccinea.
Tenthredo {Allaiitus) obtusa Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 55. 9.
Hemichroa albidovariata Norton, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 81. 9.
Hemichroa phytophagica Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 125. 9, larva.
Craterocercus floridanus Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 43: 238. 9, cJ.
Leptopus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung Naturgesch.
Hym., p. 184. Preocc. by Mayer, 1835.
Type-species: Nematus (Leptopus) hypogastricus Hartig. Monotypic
6-10. N. name for
Platycamptis Schiodte, 1839. Mag. Zool. (ser. 2) 1: 20, footnote; pi.
Leptopus Hartig.
Erasminus Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierr. f. hoh SchuL, p. 9. N. name for Leptopus
Hartig.
Camponiscus Newman, 1869. Entomologist 4: 215.
Type-species: Camponiscus healaei Newman. Monotypic.
A small holarctic genus with two North American representatives.
albostigmus (Rohwer). N. S., Maine to Alaska s. to N. Y., Mich., Minn., Colo., Nev., Wash.
Ecology: Widespread.
Camponiscus albostigmus Rohwer, 1908. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 105. 9.
americanus (Marlatt). Que., Maine to Alaska s. to Pa., N. Mex., Idaho. Ecology: Widespread.
Host: Populus.
Camponiscus americanus Marlatt, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 251. 9, cJ.
105. 9.
Camponiscus smithi Rohwer, 1908. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16:
Platycampus vierecki MacGillivray, 1920. Canad. Ent. 52: 60. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 55
Anoplonyx Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 18.
Type-species: Nematiis pectoralis Lepeletier. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Marlaftia Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 287.
Type-species: Hemichroa laricis Marlatt. Orig. desig.
Larvae of this holarctic genus feed on Larix.
1955. Canad. Ent. 87: 224-227 (larvae). —Woods, 1962. Ent. Soc. Brit.
Taxonomy: Wong,
Columbia, Proc. 59: 17 (species in B. C).
canadensis Harrington. Newfoundland to Maine w. to Yukon, n. B. C, Sask., Minn. Host:
Larix laricina.
Anoplonyx canadeyisis Harrington, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 94. 9.
Platycampus (.Anoplonyx) itascus Rohwer and Middleton, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34:
96. 6.
Anoplonyx occidens Ross, 1937. 111. Biol. Monog. 15(2): 82. N. name.
Genus ADELOMOS Ross
Europe also feed on Salicaceaeand Coniferae. Several species reared from wheat and other
grain crops may be of economic importance. So far as is known, the grass feeding species are
single brooded with the flight and feeding activities occurring early in the spring. Some of the
species on sedges apparently have several generations a year. Very little biological work has
been done. The taxonomy of this genus is almost entirely based on males. Females of a number
of species cannot be separated; consequently, the lists of unplaced taxa below. Larvae are com-
monly collected, but so few have been associated with the adults that it is impossible to identify
them except to genus.
Taxonomy: Ross, 1945. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 47: 105-120 (key to N. Amer. species).
—Benson, 1948. Ent. Monthly Mag. 84: 58-65 (British species). —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 405-406 (holarctic species). —Benson, 1963. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 32: 162-164 (Rumicis group).
Species Group Clitellatus
extensicornis (Norton). Maine, Ont. to Md. w. to Alta., Mont., Wyo., Colo.; Europe. Host:
Wheat, probably other Gramineae.
Nematus extensicornis Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 159. <5.
Nematus marylandicus Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 7. 9.
Nematus aureopectus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 219. 9.
Pachynematus affinis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 97. 9, 6.
Pachynematus tritici Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 106. S.
Pachynematus foveolatus Konow, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 379. 9,6.
Pachynematus truncatus Benson, 1948. Ent. Monthly Mag. 84: 62. 6.
jamesi Ross. Colo., Utah.
Pachynematus jamesi Ross, 1945. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 47: 112. <J.
kirbyi (Dahlbom). Que. to Alaska s. to Maine, Pa., Ill, Iowa, S. Dak., Mont.; Europe to Siberia.
Pachynematus falonus Ross, 1945. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 47: 113. 6.
nevadensis Marlatt. Nev.
Pachynematus nevadensis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 110. 6.
The following species were described from females. Because species separation of Pachyyie-
maius is based mostly on males, they can not be placed as yet.
absyrtus MacGilHvray. Oreg.
Pachynematus absyrtus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 27. 2.
academus MacGillivray. Oreg.
Pachynematus academus MacGiUivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 27. 9.
vagus (Fabricius). Ont. to Alta., Idaho s. to N. Y., 111., Minn., Mont.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology:
Widespread. Host: Carex, Salix.
Tenthredo vaga Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 415.
Nematus leucogaster Hartig, 1840. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 1: 23.
Nemahis inconspicuus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 141. 9.
9.
Pachynematus corticosus MacGillivray, 1901. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 47: 584.
Pachynematus roscidus MacGillivray, 1901. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 31. 9.
Unplaced Taxa of Group Vagas
abdominalis Marlatt. Wash.
Pachynematus abdoinmalis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 104. 9.
carolinensis Marlatt. N. C.
S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 109. S.
Pachynematus carolinensis Marlatt, 1896. U.
koebelei Marlatt. Oreg.
Pachynematus koebelei Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 108. 6.
Revision: Ross, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 17-20 (adults and larvae).
Taxonomy: Wong, 1951. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1951, p. 65 (cocoons).
alaskensis (Rohwer). Newfoundland to Alaska s. to Mass., Mich., Minn., Wyo., Idaho, B. C.
P.
Ecology: Widespread. Host: Picea canadensis, P. engelmannii, P. excelsa, P. glauca,
mariana, P. rubens, P. pungens, P. sitchensis, P. abies. Yellowheaded spruce sawfly.
Pachynematus alaskensis Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 387. 9, S.
Pachynematus piceae Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 387. 9, 6.
Biology: Brown, 1938. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1937, p. 14. —Nash, 1939. Jour.
Econ. Ent.
32: 330-334. —Brown, 1941. Canad. Dept. Agr., Pub. 712, p. 6.
—
Schaffner, 1943. Jour.
Forestry 41: 585. —Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 11. —Bradley, 1951. Canad. Ent.
83: 130. —Wilson, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 69, 4 pp.
(parasites).
dimmockii (Cresson). Newfoundland to N. W. T., B. C. s. to N. B., N. H., Man., Colo., Wyo.,
Idaho. Ecology: Widespread. Host: Picea canadeiisis, P. engelmannii, P. glauca, P.
mariajia, P. rubens, P. sitchensis, P. abies. Greenheaded spruce sawfly.
Nematus dimmockii Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 6. 9.
Nematus ochreatus Harrington, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21: 95. 9.
Biology: Brown, 1938. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 1937, p. 14. —Brown, 1941. Canad. Dept.
Agr., Pub. 712, p. 6. —Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 11.
ruralis (Cresson). Oreg., Calif., Nev.
Nematus ruralis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 5. 9.
60 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 394-396 (holarctic species).
abbreviata (Hartig). Ont., Conn, to Va. w. to Wis., Kans., Colo., Utah; B. C, Wash., Oreg.,
Calif.; Europe. Ecology: A pest of pear trees. Larva feeds on foliage. Introduced. Host:
Pyrus communis. California pearslug.
Nematus abbreviatus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung
Naturgesch. Hym., p. 205. 9.
Gymnonychus califomicus Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 122. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 92 (distribution). —Wong, 1967. Canad.
Ent. 99: 1101 (compared with species of Eitelius).
Biology: Nougaret, Davidson, and Newcomer, 1916. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 438, 24 pp.
Morphology: Zocchi, 1948. Bol. Ent. Bologna 17: 225-232 (external structure of adult and
larva).
acidovalva Wong. N. B., Que. w. to B. C, Calif. Host: Salix.
Pristiphora acidovalva Wong, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 970. 9, 6.
Biology: Lindquist and Miller, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 973-975 (also description of larva).
aphanta Wong and Ross. Que., Ont., N. Y.
Pristiphora aphanta Wong and Ross, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 196. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 61
Lygaeonematus arcticola Enslin, 1916. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 514. 9, <J.
cadma Wong and Ross. Ont., Sask., Alaska, B. C. Host: Betula.
Pristiphora cadma Wong and Ross, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 198. 9.
carolinensis Marlatt. N. C.
Pristiphora carolinensis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser.
3: 120. 3.
questionable.
Pristiphora coloradensis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser.
3: 121. 6.
Synonymy questionable.
Pristiphora idiotiformis Rohwer, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 38: 199. 9.
62 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 395.
elaphita Wong and Ross. Sask., N. Mex., Alta., B. C, Calif.
Pristiphora elaphita Wong and Ross, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 194. 9.
erichsonii (Hartig). Newfoundland to Alaska s. to Md., W. Va., Mich., Ill, Minn., Mont, Idaho,
Oreg.; Europe to Japan. Ecology: Widespread. Possibly introduced. Host: Larix laricina,
L. occidentalis, L. lyallii, andEuropean and Asian larch species and hybrids. Larch
sawfly. Numerous papers have appeared on this destructive species; therefore, it is
feasible to give only selected references below.
Nematus Leachei Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin. Scand., p. 10.
Nom. nud.
Nematus Leachii Dahlbom, 1835. Clavis Hym., p. 27. Larva. Suppressed by Internatl.
Comm. Zool. Nomencl., Opinion 906, 1970, Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 27: 8.
Nematus erichsonii Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung
Naturgesch. Hym., p. 187. 9 .
Taxonomy: Coppel and Leius, 1958. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc 1: 231-238 (variations in
populations from Canada, (ilreat Britain, and Japan). —Wong, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106:
1121-1131 (identification and origin of strains in N. Amer.).
Biology: Ives, 1955. Canad. Ent. 87: 301-311 (moisture and selection of cocoon sites). —Ives,
1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 370-388 (estimation of egg populations). —Drooz, 1956. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 8, 4 pp. (rev. 1967). -Graham, 1956. Forest Sci. 2: 132-160
(Lake states). — Ruppel, 1958. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 55: 32-35 (history in B. C).
— Buckner, 1958. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc. 4: 353-361 (mammal predators). —Ives
and Prentice, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 331-338 (sampling techniques). —Ives and Prentice,
1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 496-500 (estimates of parasitism). —Graham and Satterlund, 1959.
Forest Sci. 5: 28-36 (weather and water levels on cocoons). —Ives and Turnock, 1959.
Canad. Ent. 91: 650-661 (estimates of cocoon populations). —Buckner, 1959. Canad. Ent.
91: 275-282 (cocoon predation by mammals). —Turnock, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 500-516.
—Drooz, 1960. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1212, 52 pp. (biology and control; references to
most of literature up to 1956). —Turnock, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 659-662 (estimation of
adult populations). —Maw, 1960. Ent. Gaz. 11: 43-49 (Great Britain). —Ives, 1960. Canad.
Ent. 92: 668-674. —Heron, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 431-433 (temperature and post-diapause
development). —Nairn, et ai, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 242-255 (outbreaks and effects on
forest stands). —Turnock and Ives, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 897-902 (cocoon mortality).
—Ives, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 256-268 (mortality of eggs and larvae). —Ives, 1963. Canad.
—
Ent. 95: 887-892 (defoliation effect on larval survival). Pschorn-Walcher and Eichhorn,
1963. Comm. Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 3: 51-82 (ecology and natural control in central
Europe).
—Frilli, 1964. Milan Univ. Cattolica Sacro Cuore Fac Agr.,
Ann. 4: 528-586
(morpho-biological studies). —Buckner and Turnock, 1965. Ecology 46:
223-226 (avian
levels and
predators). —Ives and Nairn, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 768-777 (water
overwintering survival).
—Schmiege, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 671-672 (Alaska). —Smirnoff,
1966. Jour. Invert. Path. 8: 360-364 (a microsporidian parasite). —Turnock and McLeod,
1966. Ent. Soc Manitoba, Proc 22: 55-60 (n. Man.). —Heron, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 561-578
(reproductive capacity). —Ives, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1121-1131 (mortality causes).
—Heron, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1150-1155 (heat tolerance of larvae). —Elliott and
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 63
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 395.
melanocarpa (Hartig). Que., N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska, Man.; Europe. Host: Betula.
Nematus ynelanocarpus Hartig, 1840. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 1: 27. 9.
Nematxis wustneii Stein, 1885. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 4: 304. 9, S.
Pristiphora ortinga Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 349. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 394. — Lindqvist, 1971.
Notulae Ent. 51: 128-129.
mollis (Hartig). Labrador to N. W. T., Alaska s. to N. C, Colo.; Europe. Host: Vaccinium.
Nematus mollis Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung
Naturgesch. Hym., p. 201.
Pachynematus orarius Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 348. 9 .
Lygaeonematus mollis var. albipes Lindqvist, 1942. Notulae Ent. 22: 107.
Lygaeonematus mollis var. rufonotata Lindqvist, 1942. Notulae Ent. 22: 107.
Pristiphora pallidiventris var. haemorrhoidalis Enslin, 1916. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p.
526. 9, 6.
Pristiphora pallidiventris var. stigmatica Enslin, 1916. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 526. 9.
Pristiphora ostiaria MacGillivray, 1920. Canad. Ent. 52: 236. 9, cJ. N. syn.
Nematus (Pristiphora) pallidiventris var. flaviapex Hellen, 1948. Notulae Ent. 28: 45.
Nematus (Pristiphora) pallidiventris var. nigrofemoratus Hellen, 1948. Notulae Ent. 28:
45.
Tenthredo (Neviatus) pallicomis Harris, 1835. hi Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Tenthredo (Neynatus) labrata Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Nematus appendiculatus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst
Einleitung Naturgesch. Hym., p. 202. 9.
Nematus (Diphadnus) fiiscicomis Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst
Einleitung Naturgesch. Hym., p. 225. 9.
Nematus cathoraticus Foerster, 1854. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 11: 325. 9.
Nematus pallicomis Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 160. 9.
Nematus pallicomis var. labratus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 160. 9.
Nematus vitreipennis Kawall, 1864. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Bui. 37: 295. 9.
Pristiphora grossulariae Walsh, 1866. Pract. Ent. 1: 123. 9,6. larva.
Nematus peletieri Andre, 1880. Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg. 1: 5. 9.
Nematus pumilus Zaddach, 1883. Phys. Okonom. Gesell. Konigsberg., Schr. 24: 172. 6.
Nematus hypobalius Zaddach, 1884. Phys. Okonom. Gesell. Konigsberg., Schr. 25: 154. 9 .
staudingeri (Ruthe). Labrador to Alaska s. to Man., Colo., Alta.; Europe to Siberia. Host:
Salix.
Nematus staudingeri Ruthe, 1859. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 20: 306. 9, 6.
Nematus circularis Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 350. 9. N. syn.
Pristiphora hyperborea Malaise, 1921. Ent. Tidskr. 42: 11. 9, S.
Pristiphora asperlatus Benson, 1935. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 83: 36. 9, 3.
sycophanta Walsh. Labrador to Alaska s. to Conn., Va., Mo., Colo., Oreg. Ecology: Widespread.
Host: Salix.
Pristiphora sycophanta Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 263.
9.
Pristiphora murtfeldtiae Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser.
3: 117. 9.
Pristiphora anaka Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 350. 9. N. syn.
valvangula Wong and Ross. N. Y. (?)
Pristiphora valvangula Wong and Ross, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92:
194. S.
Biology: Jack, 1888. Psyche 5: 41. —Brown, 1940. Canad. Dept. Agr., Forest Ins. Survey 4th
Ann. Rpt., p. 16. —Wong, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86: 154.
varus Que. (Montreal); Europe. Introduced (?). Host: Ahius.
(Villaret).
Nematus varus Villaret, 1832. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 1: 306. 6.
Taxonomy: Buckle, 1930. Canad. Ent. 62: 21 (record of only known specimen taken in N.
Amer.).
A large holarctic genus associated with various trees and shrubs. The larvae are external leaf
feeders.
Revision: Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 44-75, 87-90.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 12: 404-405 (holarctic species).
crassus (Fallen). N. W. T. (Mackenzie River, Reindeer Depot); Eurasia. Host: Betula, Populus,
Salix, Rumex. These hosts recorded in Europe.
Tenthredo crassa Fallen, 1808. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 29: 106.
Nematus sulcipes Hartig, 1840. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 1: 23. 9, 6.
Nematus longispinis Kriechbaumer, 1885. Correspbl. Naturh. Ver. Regensburg 39: 13.
laticulus (Norton). N. Y. to N. C. w. to Wis., S. Dak., 111.
Croesus laticulus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 368. 9.
Neinatus procidentius Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 245. 6.
Amauronematus rufipes Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 78. S.
Biology: Howard, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 33-37. — Rohwer, 1915. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc 17: 197 (mating habits).
Morphology: Judd, 1955. Ont. Ent. Soc, 85th Ann. Rpt. 1954, p. 32 (anatomy and histology of
digestive tract of larva).
Species Group Atriceps
N. syn.
coloradensis (Marlatt). Alta., Mich., N. Dak., Ariz. w. to Oreg., Calif.
Pteronus coloradensis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 52. 9, S.
Species Group Erythrogaster
Holmgren, 1883.
Nematus currani Ross, 1951. hi Muesebeck, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 45. N.
name.
hypomelas (Rohwer). Colo.
Pteronus hypomelas Rohwer, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 48. 9.
kukukiana (Kincaid), n. comb. Alaska.
Pontania kukukiana Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 2: 356. 9.
lipovskyi Smith. Maine, N. H., Mass., N. J., Pa., Md., Va., Ala. Host: Azalea.
Nematus lipovskyi Smith, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 205-206. 9.
notatus (Rohwer). Colo.
Pteronus notattis Rohwer, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 49. 9.
oligospilus Foerster. Que. to Alaska s. to Va., Ind., Kans., Colo., Calif.; Mexico; Europe to
Himalayas. Ecology: Widespread. Host: Salix.
Nematus oligospihis Foerster, 1854. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 11: 284. 9.
Nematus mendicus Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 261. 9.
Nematus trivittatus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 218. 9.
Nematus dorsivittatus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 10. 9.
Nematus salicivonis Cameron, 1882. Ent. Monthly Mag. 18: 194.
Nematus sylvestris Cameron, 1884. Ent. Monthly Mag. 20: 266.
Pteronus koebelei Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 71. 9.
Pteronidea vanduzeei Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 280. 9.
Pteronidea elelea MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 162. 9.
pinguidorsum Dyar. Maine to N. Y. w. to Sask., N. Dak. Host: Betula.
Nematus pinguidorsum Dyar, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 303. Larva.
Amauronematus vacivus MacGillivray, 1921. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 28. 6. N. syn.
Europe.
Nematus tibialisNewman, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 260. 9.
Nematus trilineatus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 215. 9.
Nematus similaris Norton, 1880. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p. 224. 9.
Nematus robiniae Forbes, 1885. State Ent. 111. Rpt. 14: 116. 9.
Pteronus solitariiis Rohwer, 1908. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 107. 9.
vancouverensis (Marlatt). Maine to Alaska s. to Pa., Iowa, Colo., Ariz., Calif. Ecology:
Widespread. Host: Populus.
Pteronus vancouverensis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 70. 9, 6.
Atnauro7iematus califomicus Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 85. 9.
Preocc. by Pteronus califortiicus Marlatt, p. 60 of same publication. N. syn.
Pachyneyyiatus vemalis Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 18. 9. N. syn.
Pteromis wrighti Rohwer, 1911. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 13: 31. N. name for
Amauro7iematus califomicus Marlatt.
Aynauronemattcs Valerius MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 6. 6.N. syn.
Morphology: Middleton, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 173 (terminal abdominal structures).
—Snodgrass, 1928. Smith. Misc. Coll. 81: 121.
—
Shafiq, 1954. Jour. Microscopical Sci. 95:
93-114 (embryonic development).
salicisodoratus Dyar. Maine to Va. w. to Wis., 111., Ark. Host: Salix, Populus.
Nematus salicis-odoratus Dyar, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 187. 9,6, larva.
Pteronus odoratus Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 65. Emend.
Pteronus comelli Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 65. 9, d.
Pteronidea winnanae Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 386. 6 .
Pontania Costa, 1859. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Imen., pt. 3, p. 20.
Revision: Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 20-43.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 8: 369-384. —Benson, 1962. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 403-404 (holarctic species).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 8: 377. -Vikberg, 1970. Ann. Ent.
Fenn. 36: 19 (not holarctic).
arctophilae Benson. Man. (Churchill). Ecology: Ovipositing on Salix arctophila.
Pontania arctophilae Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 8: 373. 9.
atriventris Marlatt. Oreg. (Mt. Hood).
Pontania atriventris Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 38. 9.
beckettae Benson. Man. (Churchill). Ecology: Produces pea-shaped galls attached to midvein
on underside of leaves. Host: Salix planifolia, S. discolor, S. glaiica, S. reticulata.
Pontania beckettae Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 8: 378. 9, gall.
borealis Marlatt. N. Y. Ecology: Produces galls. Host: Salix sericea.
Pontania borealis Marlatt, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 302. 9.
brachycarpae Rohwer. Colo. Ecology: Adult collected from Salix brachycarpae.
Pontania brachycarpae Rohwer, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 46. 9.
bruneri Marlatt. Wyo. (Robinson's Ranch). Ecology: Produces leaf galls. Host: Salix longifolia.
Ponta7iia bruneri Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 35. 9, gall.
californica Marlatt. Calif. Ecology: Produces a leaf gall. Host: Salix.
Po7itania californica Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 38. 9, 6, gall.
consors Marlatt. N. Y. Ecology: Produces leaf galls. Host: Salix sericea.
Pontania coji.wrs Marlatt, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 302. 9, 6.
crassicornis Rohwer. Ont. Ecology: Produces galls. Host: Salix humilis.
Pontania crassicornis Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 241. S.
crassipes (Thomson). N. W. T., Yukon, Man., Alaska; n. Europe, Switzerland. Ecology: In
Europe, makes pea-shaped galls on main vein usually on underside of leaves. Host:
Salix herbacea, S. polaris, S. arctica, S. retusa, S. arbuscula, S. inyrsiiiites, S.
lapponum, S. reticulata.
Neynatus crassipes Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 162. 9.
Nematiis herbaceae Cameron, 1875. Glasgow Nat. Hist. Soc, Proc. 2: 304.
Pontania ora Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 354. 9.
Pontania atrata MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G, p. 6G. 6.
Pontania lorata MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G, p. 8G. S.
Pontania polaris Malaise, 1920. Ent. Tidskr. 40: 112.
Pontania enslini Zirngiebl, 1937. Festschr. zum 60 Geburtst. von Prof. Dr. Embrik Strand
3: 337.
Pontania arbusculae Benson, 1941. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 10: 134.
Pontania algida Benson, 1941. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 10: 134.
Pontania aquilonis Benson, 1941. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 10: 135.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 8: 379.
N €7)1 at us fern oralis Cameron, 1875. Glasgow Nat. Hist. Soc, Proc. 2: 295.
Pontania robbinsi Benson, 1935. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 83: 26.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 8: 380.
paciflca Marlatt. Calif. Ecology: Produces a leaf gall. Host: Salix lasiolepis.
Pontania pacifica Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 35. 9.
pyriformis Marlatt. Calif. (Placer Co.). Ecology: Produces a leaf gall. Host: Salix califomica
(?).
Pontania pyriformis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 43. gall, larva.
resinicola Marlatt. Calif. (Los Angeles). Ecology: Produces leaf galls. Host: Salix califomica.
Po7itania resinicola Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent Tech. Ser. 3: 30. 9, 6, gall
rugulosa Marlatt. Mich. Ecology: "reared (?) from willow gall."
Pontania rugulosa Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 41. 6.
s-desmodioides (Walsh). 111. Ecology: Produces a leaf gall. Host: Salix hum His.
Neynatus s. desmodioides Walsh, 1866. Ent Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 257. 9, 6, gall, larva.
Nematus salicis-des7nodioides Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1. p. 259. Emend.
s-pisum (Walsh). Ecology: Produces a leaf gall. Host: Salix discolor.
111.
Nematus s. pisum Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 258. 9,6, gall, larva.
Nematus salicis-pisuyn Thomas. 1881. State Ent. 111. Rpt. 10: 68. gall, larva.
74 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Neynatus s. pomum Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 255. 9,6, gall, larva-
Neinatus hospes Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 261. 9,6.
Nematus salicis-pomuyn Thomas, 1881. State Ent. 111. Rpt. 10: 68. gall, larva.
Poniania pomum Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 36. Eme^nd.
stigmatalis Marlatt. Oreg. (Mt. Hood).
Pontania stigmatalis Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 39. 9.
subatrata MacGillivray. Alaska.
Pontania subatrata MacGillivray, 1921. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (ser. 4) 11: 189. 6.
sublorata MacGillivray. Alaska.
Pontania sublorata MacGillivray, 1921. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (ser. 4) 11: 190. 6.
sulphurea Marlatt. Mont., Nev.
Pontania sulphurea Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 41. 9, 6.
truncata Marlatt. Calif.
Pontania truncata Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 38. 9.
Revision: Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 24-30 (Pontania, Group I).
— Ross, 1929. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 31: 91-97 (Marlatt's Group I of Pontania).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1960. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 8:380-381 (section A of
Pontania). —Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 403 (holarctic species).
Biology: Cooley, 1903. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 46: 113-118.
coriacea (Benson). Alta. (Lake Louise); Scandinavia, Switzerland. Host: Salix.
Nematus (Pontania) coriacea Benson, 1953. Ent. Monthly Mag. 89: 150. 9,6.
Biology: Vikberg, 1970. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 36: 12 (in Finland).
cressoni (Marlatt). Wash.
Pontania cressoni Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 26. 9.
excavata (Marlatt). Colo., Alaska, Calif.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology: Larva Hves in rolled leaf
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 402-403 (holarctic species).
—Smith, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61: 1389-1407 (Calif species).
76 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Smith, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 61: 1389-1407. —Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 63: 36-51.
Morphology: Smith, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1389-1407. —Smith, 1972. Int. Jour. Ins.
cooperae Cockerell. N. Mex. Ecology: Produces a stem gall on narrow-leaved willow. Host:
Salix.
Euura cooperae Cockerell, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 7) 7: 337. 9.
cosensii Rohwer. Ont. Ecology: Produces a petiole gall. Host: Salix humilis.
Euura cosensii Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 49: 213. 9, cJ.
exiguae Smith. Calif, (north of Transverse Ranges up to 750m.). Ecology: Produces a stem
macgillivrayi (Rohwer). Colo. Ecology: Produces a stem gall. Host: Salix luteosericea.
Cryptocampus macgillivrayi Rohwer, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17: 16. 9, 6.
maura (Rohwer). Colo. Ecology: Adult collected from Salix.
Cryptocampus maura Rohwer, 1909. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 17: 23. 9, 6.
minuta MacGillivray. Iowa.
Euura minuta MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 366. 9.
moenia MacGillivray. Oreg.
Euura moenia MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 17. 9, S.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 77
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 402.
78 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 396-402 (holarctic species).
abnormis (Holmgren). Baffin Is., N. W. T., Alaska; n. Europe, Switzerland, Siberia. Females
are commonly brachypterous.
Neynatus abnormis Holmgren, 1883. Ent. Tidskr. 4: 148. 9.
Amauronematus tolli Konow, 1907. E. Zoologie 1: 20.
Aniauronematus aulatiis MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G,
p. 16G.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 12: 401.
amentorum (Foerster). N. H. to Oreg. s.to Va., Mich., Wis., Colo.; Greenland; Iceland; Europe
to Siberia. Ecology: Widespread. Larva feeds on catkins. Host: Salix.
Nematus amentoruvi Foerster, 1854. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 11: 337. 9.
Nematus s^iavis Ruthe, 1859. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 20: 308.
Pontania atra Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 37. 9. N. syn.
Pontania maura Rohwer, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 47. 9. N. syn.
Pontania amentivora Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 209. 9.
Pontoprista kamtchatica Malaise, 1931. Arkiv for Zool. 23A: 53. 9.
arcticola (Dalla Torre). N. W. T., Alaska; arctic Europe and Siberia. Host: Salix.
Nematus arcticus Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 134. 9. Preocc. by Holmgren, 1869.
Nematus arcticola Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 207. N. name.
Aynauronematus arcticola Enslin, 1915. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 389. N. name.
Amauronematus mcluckiei Benson, 1935. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 83: 31. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 398.
azaleae Marlatt. N. H. Host: Azalea. Recorded from other eastern states but records are
based on larvae and their identity is not certain.
Amauronematus azaleae Marlatt, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 254. 9,6.
Biology: Smith, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 204.
borealis (Marlatt). Greenland (Disco Is.).
Nematus borealis Marlatt, 1892. In Fox, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 44: 133. 6.
brunneus (Norton). Md., Wis., Sask., Kans., Colo., Utah.
Nematus brunneus Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 43: 244. 9.
Amauronematus knabi Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 244. 9. N. syn.
completus MacGillivray. Alaska.
Amauronematus completus MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v.
3G, p. 13G.
comstocki Marlatt. N. Y.
Amauronematus comstocki Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 77. 9.
cooki Marlatt. Mich.
Amauronematus cooki Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3: 79. 6.
digestus MacGillivray. Alaska.
Amauronematus digestus MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G,
p. 14G.
fallax (Lepeletier). N. S., Ont. to N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska s. to N. Y., Colo.. Oreg.; Europe.
Ecology: Widespread. Host: Salix.
Nematiis fallax Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 64. 9, 6.
Nematus trifiircatus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 148.
Amauronematus similis Marlatt, Canad. Ent. 28: 255. 9.
1896.
Pontavia qtiadrifasciatiis MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G,
p. lOG. 9.
A7naurone7iiatus vescus MacGillivray, 1921. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 30. 9. N. syn.
A7najironematus veneficus MacGillivray, 1923. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 81: 169. 9. N. syn.
Amauronematus nuorbinjargi Saarinen, 1949. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 15: 57.
Aviauronematus glacialis Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 45.
Amaiiroyieynatus aniicula Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 47.
Amauro7iematus subiiitens Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 49.
Amauroiiejnatiis septentrionalis Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 54.
Amauronematus festivus Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 58.
Amauronematus propinquus Saarinen, 1950. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 16: 60.
Nematus trifurcus Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 399. Misspelling of
trifurcatus Kirby.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., BuL 12: 899.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 897.
helleni Lindqvist. Baffin Is., Que., N. W. T., Man.; Scandinavia.
Amaiiro7iematus helleni Lindqvist, 1941. Notulae Ent. 21: 65. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 397.
Maine to Alaska s. to 111., Colo.; Eurasia. Ecology: Widespread. Host:
histrio (Lepeletier).
Salix.
Ne7natus histiio Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 63. 9.
Ne7natus luteotergum Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, Proc. 8: 161. 9.
Nematus fur Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 263. 6.
N€77iatus concolor Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 196. 6.
Nematus violaceipeyinis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 201. S.
Ne7nat7is discolor Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 8. 9.
Netnatus gle7ielge7isis Cameron, 1882. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 535.
A7na7iro7ie7natus viscendus MacGillivray, 1921. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 28. 9, 6.
hulteni Malaise. Man., N. W. T., Yukon; Siberia.
Amauroneynatus variabilis var. hulteni Malaise, 1931. Arkiv for Zool. 23A: 43. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 397.
indicatus MacGillivray. Alaska (Camden Bay).
A7na7iro7iematiis i7idicatus MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1918-1918, v. 8G,
p. 14G.
isolatus Kincaid. N. W. T., Alaska.
Amauro7ie7natus isolatus Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 858. 9.
Amauroue7tiatus 7nagnus MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G,
p. 17G. N. syn.
A77iauro7ie7natus veridicus MacGillivray, 1923. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 81: 170. 9.
itelmena (Malaise). Man., N. W. T.; Siberia. Ecology: Adult collected from Salix alexensis.
Po7itoprista itelme7ia Malaise, 1931. Arkiv for Zool. 23A: 54. 9.
80 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 12: 400-401. —Lindqvist, 1972.
Notulae Ent. 52: 69.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1961. Ergeb. Wiss. Unters. Schweiz. Nat. Parks 7(N. F.)(44): 190.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 81
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 399.
semilacteus (Zaddach). B. C (Vernon); n. and cent. Europe. Host: Salix.
Neiuatus semilacteus Zaddach, 1883. Phys. Okonom. Gesell. Konigsberg., Schr. 24: 148. 9.
Taxonomy: Vikberg and Kontuniemi, 1971. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 37: 89-95 (male, female, larva).
9,cJ.
Nematus marginifer Strand, 1905. Second Norw. Arctic Exped. "Fram" Rpt., no. 3, p. 8. S.
Amauronematus cogitatus MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G,
p. 150.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 400. —Vikberg, 1970. Ann.
Ent. Fenn. 36: 84-91 (description, distribution, separation from related species).
tillbergi Malaise. N. W. T., Alaska; arctic Europe and Siberia. Host: Salix.
Amauronematus tillbergi Malaise, 1920. Ent. Tidskr. 40: 125. 9.
Amauronematus rex Benson, 1948. Ent. Monthly Mag. 84: 32. 9.
Taxonomy: Lindqvist, 1972. Notulae Ent. 52: 71.
trifasciatus (MacGilHvray). N. W. T.
Pontania trifasciata MacGillivray, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-1918, v. 3G, p.
IIG. 9.
variator (Ruthe). Man., N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska; Eurasia. Host: Salix.
Nematus variator Ruthe, 1859. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 20: 308. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hst.) Ent., Bui. 12: 398-399.
venerandus MacGillivray. Maine.
Amauronematus venerandus MacGilHvray, 1921. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 30. 6 .
Tribe PSEUDODINEURINI
Genus PSEUDODINEURA Konow
Dolerus subg. Pehnatopus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst
Einleitung Naturgesch. Hym., p. 244. Preocc. by Fischer de Waldheim, 1824.
Type-species: Dolenis (.Pehnatopus) nimutus Hartig. Monotypic.
Pseudodmeura Konow, 1885. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 4: 297.
Type-species: Tenthredo (AUaiitus) parvula Klug. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Pkyllopais Hering, 1934. Internatl. Ent. Ztschr. 28: 353. N. name for Pelmatopus Hartig.
Several unidentified species are known from western United States.
Tribe PRISTOLINI
macnabi Ross. Newfoundland, N. H., Man., Alta., B. C, Idaho, Oreg. Ecology: Larva lives in
berries. Host: Vacciniuin membranaceum.
Pristola macnabi Ross, 1945. Pan-Pacific Ent. 21: 154. 9,6.
Hoplocampa? atriceps Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 168. Ga.
Nematjis calais Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 144. 9. Arctic America, MacKenzie
River.
Nematus castaneus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 147. 9. Hudson Bay, Canada, St.
Martin's Falls, Albany River.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 83
Neniatus crass7is Eschscholtz, 1822. Entomographien, p. 213. Isle of Unalaska, Alaska. Preocc.
by Fallen, 1808; see obtusus Kirby.
Nematus extraneus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 142. 9. Hudson Bay, Canada, St.
Martin's Falls, Albany River.
Neviatus fallax Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 1: 198. 6. Labrador. Preocc. by
Lepeletier, 1823; see nortonii Dalla Torre.
Nematus hudsonkus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Sec, Trans. 1: 207. 9. Fort Good Hope,
MacKenzie River, N. W. T., Canada.
Nematus inquilinus Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 260. 9, cJ. Rock Island, 111. Ecology:
"Bred from Cecidomyidous gall S. rhodoides Walsh."
Nematus lateralis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 211. 9. Maine, N. Y.
Nematus longicomis Eschscholtz, 1822. Entomographien, p. 98. Unalaska Isle, Alaska.
Nematus longicortiis Say, 1835. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 219. Iowa. Preocc. by Eschscholtz,
1822; see longulicomis Norton.
Nematus longulicomis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 214. N. name for longicomis
Say.
Nematus 77ialacus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 196. 9. Labrador.
Euura viexicana Cameron, 1884. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 482. N. Sonora, Mexico.
Nematus mexicanus Cameron, 1884. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 481. N. Sonora, Mexico.
Nematus mouela Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 198. 6. Labrador.
Tenthredo (Nematus) monochroma Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Nematus monochroma Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 161. 9. Mass.
Hemichroa yiigricans Cameron, 1884. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 482. N. Sonora, Mexico.
Nematus nigritus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, Proc. 8: 159. 6. Conn.
Nematus nortonii Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 246. N. name for fallax Norton.
Nematus obtusus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 148. N. name for crassus
Eschscholtz.
Nematus proximatus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 160. 9. Maine, Mass., Conn.
Nematus quercicola Walsh, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 6: 260. Nom. nud.
Nematus rufo-fasciatiis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 205. 9. MacKenzie River, N.
W. T., Canada.
Pontania salicum Cockerell, 1905. In Aldrich, Smiths. Misc. Coll., v. 46, p. 163. Nom. nud.
Nematus satkatchewan Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 200. 9. "Lake
Sathkatchewan."
Nematus sumptus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 207. 6. Maine.
Nematus vertebratus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 218. 9. Ind.
Subfamily HETERARTHRINAE
Most of these sawflies are small black among the smallest of the Tenthredinidae. Lar-
insects,
vae of the Caliroini feed externally, skeletonizing the foliage of the host, and larvae of the
Heterarthrini and Fenusini are all leafminers.
Revision: Smith, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1420, 84 pp. (adults and larvae of Nearctic
species). —Smith, 1973. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 75: 337-345 (Neotropical species).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 277-284 (review of subfamily in N. Amer.).
Tribe CALIROINI
Biology: Riley, 1892. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 6-11. —Chittenden, 1908. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Cir. 105, 12 pp. -Middleton, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1252, 14 pp.
—Miles, 1935. Ann. Appl. Biol. 22: 116-133.
Caliroa Costa, 1859. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Imen., pt. 3, p. 59.
Type-species: Caliroa sebetia Costa. Monotypic.
Eriocampoides Konow, 1890. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 239.
Type-species: Tenthredo limacina Retzius. Desig. by MacGillivray, 1909.
Periclistoptera Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 255.
Type-species: Monostegia alba Norton. Orig. desig.
Larvae of this genus are sluglike in appearance and feed on the underside of the foliage of the
host.Host records not listed below are Acer, Ceanothus, and Cotoneaster, all from larvae that
cannot be identified. Larvae have not been associated with adults for many species and are all
very similar; therefore, adults are needed in most cases for species determination.
cerasi (Linnaeus). Que., Ont. to Fla. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif., N. Mex.; Eurasia; Africa;
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay; Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand; China. Ecology:
Widespread; most commonly a pest of pear trees. Probably native to Europe and
introduced to other parts of the world, including N. Amer., by commerce. Host: Pyrus,
Pninus, Crataegus, Sorbus, and probably many other Rosaceae. Pear-slug.
Tenthredo cerasi Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 557.
Tenthredo li7nacina Retzius, 1783. Genera et Species Insectorum, p. 73.
Tenthredo cerasi Peck, 1799. Mass. Agr. Rpt., p. 9.
Tenthredo (Allantus) adumbrata Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 64. 9.
Caliroa laudata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 356. 9.
Caliroa lacinata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 357. 9.
Biology: Peck, 1799. Mass. Agr. Rpt., p. 9. —Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg.,
p. 383.
— Winchell, 1865. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 321-325. —Riley, 1870. Amer. Ent.
and Bot. 2: 296. -Marlatt, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 26 (ser. 2), 7 pp. —Webster, 1912. N.
Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 125-130 (number of moults). —Webster, 1912. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 130: 167-193. —Wilson, 1913. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta., Rpt. for 1911-12, pp. 217.
— Ewing, 1917. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 10: 330-336 (parthenogenesis). —
Britton, 1921. Conn.
(State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 226: 199-201. —Miles, 1935. Ann. Appl. Biol. 22: 116-133.
—Carl, 1972. Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 71: 58-83.
distincta Smith. B. C, Oreg., Nev., Calif.
Caliroa distincta Smith, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1420, p. 17. 9.
fasciata (Norton). Ont., Maine to Va. w. to Iowa, 111. Host: Quercus velutina, Q. palustris, Q.
rubra, and probably other oaks.
Selandria fasciata Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 9. 9.
floridana Smith. Fla.
Caliroa floridana Smith, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1420, p. 19. 9.
Biology: Cushman, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 97: 91-102.
lobata MacGillivray. Vt. to Va. w. to Iowa, Tex. Host: Quercus palustris, Q. velutina, and
probably other oaks.
Caliroa lobata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 355. 9.
lorata MacGillivray. Maine to Ala. w. to Wis. Host: Castanea dentata.
Caliroa lorata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 355. 9.
Eriocampoides castaneae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 152. 9.
lunata MacGillivray. Newfoundland to Va. w. to Mich., 111., Tex.
Caliroa lunata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 353. 9.
Caliroa lata MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 361. 9.
nyssae Smith. Pa. to Ga. w. to Miss. Host: Nyssa sylvatica.
Caliroa Jiyssae Smith, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1420, p. 25. 9, cJ.
obsoleta (Norton). Ont., Mass. to Ga. w. to Minn., Iowa, 111. Host: Quercus alba, Q. stellata, Q.
prinus, and probably other oaks.
Selayidria obsoleta Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 254. 9.
Selandria quercus alba Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 258. 9,6.
Selandria quercus-alba Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 60. Emend.
Eriocampoides quercus Konow, 1905. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., v. 29, p. 74. Emend.
petiolata Smith. Pa., Md., Va. Host: Quercus palustris.
Caliroa petiolata Smith, 1971. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1420, p. 28. 9, cJ.
quercuscoccineae (Dyar). Maine to N. C. w. to Minn., 111., Mo., La. Host: Quercus coccinea, Q.
velutina, Q. palustris, Q. alba, and probably other oaks.
Monostegia quercus-coccineae Dyar, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 42. 9 larva. ,
Tribe HETERARTHRINI
Genus HETERARTHRUS Stephens
nemoratus Newfoundland, N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ont.; Europe.
(Fallen).
Ecology: A
leafminer. Introduced, first found at Pictou, N.S. in 1908. Host: Betula.
Hylotoma nemorata Fallen, 1808. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 29: 47.
Phyllotoma nemoralis Fallen, 1829. Monog. Tenthred. Suec, p. 35.
Fenusa parviceps Newman 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 261.
Phyllotoma tenella Zaddach, 1859. Programm Friedr. Col. Konigsberg, p. 28. 9.
Phlebatrophia mathesoni MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 345. 9.
Tribe FENUSINI
Genus METALLUS Forbes
Biology: Houghton, 1908. Ent. News 19: 212-216 {capitalis, not Norton). —Houghton, 1910.
Del. Col. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 87: 3-15 (capitalis, not Norton). —Daniel, 1928. N. Y. State
Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 133: 3-38.
Phaenusa ticinensis Magretti, 1886. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bui. 18: 25. 9.
leucostoma (Rohwer). N. B., Minn., Iowa, Colo., Alta., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Adults
collected from Populus.
Parabates leucostoma Rohwer, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 202. 9.
Blennocampa amara MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 161. 9.
nana (Klug). Maine, Mass., N. Y., Ont.; Europe. Ecology: A leafminer. Introduced, first
recorded from Maine in 1967. Host: Betula.
Tenthredo (Allantus) yiana Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 72.
Tenthredo intercus Zetterstedt, 1838. Ins. Lapp., v. 1, p. 340.
FenuSa quercus Cameron, 1885. Monog. Brit. Phytophagous Hym., v. 2, p. 222.
Biology: Lindquist and Thomson, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 108-111.
populifoliella (Townsend). N. B. to Conn. w. to Man., S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.
Ecology: A leafminer. Host: Populus.
Blennocampa populifoliella Townsend, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 304.
Scolioneura populi Marlatt, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 235. 9,6.
Scolioneura luteopicta Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 3: 235. 9, i.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 87
Biology: Townsend, 1892. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 26-27 (Cottonwood leafminer).
— Townsend, 1892. Zoe 3: 234-236 (Tineidae ? larvae). —Underwood and Titus, 1968.
Canad. Ent. 100: 407-411. -Brown and Eads, 1969. Jour. Econ. Ent. 62: 672-674.
wuestneii (Konow). Que. to Alaska s. to Colo., Calif.; Europe. Ecology: A leafminer. Host:
Salix.
Fenusa wustneii Konow, 1894. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 13: 91. 9, 6.
Fenusa alaskana Kincaid, 1900. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 2: 345. 6.
thomsoni (Konow). Que., Maine, Vt., Conn., Ont., Man.; Ecology: A leafminer. Introduced.
Host: Betula.
Fenusa thomsoni Konow, 1886. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 5: 270. 9.
88 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Lindquist, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 625-627 (ahimna, not MacGillivray). —Watson,
1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 618-625 {ahimna not MacGillivray). —Martin, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92:
376-384.
Nefusa Ross, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 31.
ambigua (Norton). Que., Maine to Tenn. w. to Wis. Ecology: A leafminer. Host: Viola.
Fenusa ambiguus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 225. 3.
Messa anita MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 23. 9.
Biology: Shaw, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33: 951 {Fenusa sp.).
Biology: Slingerland, 1905. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 233: 49-62.
— Frankenhuyzen,
1970. Ent. Ber. 30: 49-52 (in Netherlands).
pusilla (Lepeletier). Newfoundland to Md. w. to Ont., Minn., Iowa; Wash., Oreg.; Europe.
Ecology: A leafminer. Introduced, first reported in Conn, in 1925. Host: Betula. Birch
leafminer.
Tenthredo (Eynphytus) pumila Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 277.
Preocc.
Dolerus (Fenusai) pusillus Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 120.
Tenthredo pygmaea Zetterstedt, 1838. Ins. Lapp., v. 1, p. 340. 9, d.
Aphadnurus tantillus Costa, 1859. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Imen., pt. 3, p. 41. cJ.
Fenusa fuliginosa Healy, 1869. Entomologist 4: 225-227.
Fenusa minima Brischke, 1883. Schrift. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig 4: 264. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 89
Biology: Britton, 1925. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 265: 340. —Friend, 1931. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 24: 171-177. —Friend, 1933. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 348: 291-364.
—
—Cheng and LeRoux, 1965. Ent. Soc. Quebec, Ann. 10: 173-188. Schread, 1971. Conn.
(State) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 693: 5-19. —Cheng and LeRoux, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102:
995-1002 (factors in survival of immature stages).
ulmi Sundevall. Que., Ont., Mass., N. Y., Mich.; Europe. Ecology: A leafminer. Introduced.
Host: Ulmus. Elm leafminer.
Femisa ulmi Sundevall, 1844. Skand. Naturf. Forhandl., p. 249.
Feiiusa intennedia Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 186. ?.
Messa alsia MacGilhvray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 22. 9.
Biology: Felt, 1898. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 5(23): 237 (an elm leafminer).
— Slingerland, 1905.
N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 233: 49-62.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1953. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 22: 136-138 (key to
European species).
nigrita Westwood. Conn., Ont., Mich.; Europe. Ecology: A leafminer. Introduced (?). Host:
Potentilla, Agrimonia. Agriynonia was recorded as a host-plant in Europe.
Fenella nigrita Westwood, 1840. Introduct. Modern Class. Ins., v. II, p. 54.
Subfamily BLENNOCAMPINAE
A diverse subfamily with various hosts. Most of these sawflies are small to medium, stout in-
sects. Most larvae are external leaf feeders, and adults fall and feign death when disturbed.
Revision: Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397, 179 pp. (adults and larvae of
Nearctic species).
Tribe LYCAOTINI
Revision: Smith, 1973. Pan-Pacific Ent. 49: 93-101 (S. Amer.).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 35: 75-77 (key to
world genera).
Tribe TOMOSTETHINl
Genus TOMOSTETHUS Konow
Tomostethus Konow, 1886. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 5: 184, 214.
Type-species: Tenthredo nigrita Fabricius. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
A small holarctic genus.
multicinctus (Rohwer). Mass., Ont. to N. C. w. to S. Dak., Kans., Okla., Tex.; Oreg., Calif. Host:
Fraxiyiiis aiuericana, F. oregona. Brown-headed ash sawfly.
Monophadnus multicinctus Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 90. S.
Biology: Sasscer, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13: 107-110. —
Langford and McConnell, 1935.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 208-210. —
MacNay, 1957. Canad. Ins. Pest Rev. 35: 184. Armitage, —
1950. Calif. Dept. Agr., Bui. 39: 183.
cordigera (Beauvois). N. B., Que. to Fla. w. to Sask., Mont, S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Tex. Host:
Fraxiniis americana, F. nigra, F. pennsylvanica. Black-headed ash sawfly.
Tenthredo cordigera Beauvois, 1809. Ins. Afr. Amer., p. 97. 9.
Tenthredo (Selandria) tarda Harris, 1835. hi Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Tenthredo tardus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 218. 9.
Selayidria dubia Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 244. 9.
Biology: Osborne, 1884. Canad. Ent. 16: 148-152. —Osborne, 1884. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt.
15: 32-34. -Packard, 1890. U. S. Ent. Comm. Rpt. 4 (Bui. 7, rev.), p. 544.
Tribe PHYMATOCERINI
Genus PHYMATOCERA Dahlbom
Tenthredo subg. Pkymatocera Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin.
Scand., p. 11.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allantus) aterrima Klug. Monotypic.
Pectinia Brulie, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., p. 664.
Type-species: Tenthredo (.Allantus) aterrima Klug. Orig. desig.
Melanoselandria Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr. Ann. Rpt. 27: 606. Nom.
nud.
Hypargyricus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 290.
Type-species: Hypargyricus infuscatus MacGillivray. Orig. desig.
Melanoselandria MacGillivray, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 404.
Type-species: Melanoselandria zabriskiei MacGillivray. Monotypic.
niger (Harrington). Que., Maine to Md. w. to Minn., Iowa, Kans. Host: Carex.
Phymatocera nigra Harrington, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21: 96. 9.
Monophadnus distinctus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 291. 9 .
Rhadinoceraea (Rhadinoceraea) ctenidiuyn Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397,
p. 67. 9.
Tomostethus subg. Eutomostethus Enslin, 1914. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih., p. 286.
Type-species: Tenthredo luteiventris Klug. Orig. desig.
Tomostethus subg. Atomostethus Enslin, 1914. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., Beih. p. 287.
Type-species: Tenthredo ephippium Panzer. Orig. desig.
Tomostethopsis Sato, 1928. Insecta Matsumurana 2: 178.
Type-species: Tomostethopsis metallicus Sato. Orig. desig.
Forsia Malaise, 1932. Arkiv for Zool. 23: 29.
Type-species: Forsia tomostethi Malaise. Orig. desig.
Most of the species of this genus are found in Asia.
ephippium (Panzer). Newfoundland, N. S., Que., Ont. s. to Md.; Tex.; B. C, Wash.; Europe, N.
Africa, Asia Minor. Introduced (?). Host: Poa and other Gramineae. Hosts recorded in
Europe.
Tenthredo ephippium Panzer, 1798. Faunae Ins. German., heft 52, pi. 5. 9.
Selandria inhabilis Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 220. 9.
luteiventris (Klug). N. S., Que. to Md. w. to Mich.; Alta., B. C, Wash., Oreg.; Europe. Ecology:
Larva bores in sterile shoots of Juncus until last instar when it emerges and feeds
externally, according to European observations. Introduced (?). Host: Juncus.
Tenthredo luteiventris Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 56.
Tenthredo (Selandria) fuscipennis Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred. p. 107. 9, cJ.
Tribe BLENNOCAMPINI
Genus ARDIS Konow
Ardis Konow, 1886. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 5: 184, 188.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allantus) bipunctata Klug. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Valco Ross, 1937. 111. Biol. Monog. 15(2): 99.
Type-species: Selandria irrogata Cresson. Orig. desig.
A small holarctic genus associated with roses.
atrata (Harrington). B. C., Wash., Oreg., CaHf. Ecology: Adults collected from Rosa.
Monophadnus at rat us Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 193. 6.
Monophadnoides circina MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 24. i.
Paracharactus obtentus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 28. 9.
94 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Only two species are known, the type-species from Europe and the species below.
parca (Cresson). N. B. to Md. w. to Sask., N. Dak., Iowa, Kans., Tex.; Oreg., Calif. Host.
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, F. nigra, F. americana, F. oregona, Carya illinoensis,
Chionanthus(^).
Selandria parca Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 13. 6.
Periclista chionanthi Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 132. 9, larva.
Monophadnns 7Hinutiis MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 291. 9.
Pareophora guana MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 28. 6.
Pareophora guara MacGillivray, 1923. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 18: 54. 9.
Biology: Packard, 1890. U. S. Ent. Comm. Rpt. 5 (Bui. 7, rev.), p. 545 (Selandria sp.).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1968. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 22: 152-153 (key to European
species).
albicollis (Norton). Maine, Ont. to Va. w. to Man., Iowa, Kans., Okla., Tex. Host: Quercus alba,
Q. ilicifolia, Q. macrocarpa, Q. rubra, Q. velutina.
Selandria albicollis Norton, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 85. 6.
Periclista mutabilis Konow, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 241. 9, 6.
Periclista quercus Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 232. 9,6.
linea Stannard. Oreg., Calif. Host: Quercus agrifolia.
Periclista linea Stannard, 1949. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 75: 19. 9, 6.
Biology: Beer, 1955. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 28: 19-26 (also description of larva).
media (Norton). N. H., Mass. to Fla. w. to Man., Wis., Iowa. Host: Quercus alba.
Selandria media Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc Z:9. 9, 6.
Selayidria (Hoplocanipa) floridana Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 12. 6.
Periclista piirpuridorsum Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 129. 9,6.
Periclista cotifiisa MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 291. 9.
Periclista similaris Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 155. 9.
Taxonomy: Middleton, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61: 4-6 (larva, similaris).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397, p. 128 (female).
marginicollis (Norton). Conn., Ont. to Fla. w. to Iowa, Kans., Okla., Tex. Host: Carya, Quercus
alba(n.
Tenthredo (Allantus) ynarginicollis Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot.
Zool. Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud.
Selandria marginicollis Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 220. 9.
Mogerus caryicoius Dyar, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 193. 9,6.
96 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Middleton, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61: 2-4 (larva). —Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397, p. 129 (larva).
111., Mo., Tex.
rileyi (Cresson). Fla.,
Selandria (Monophadnus) rileyi Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 13. 9.
Isodyctium floridense Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 134. 9.
stannardi Smith. Iowa, Tex.
Periclista stannardi Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397, p. 130. 9.
sulfurana Stannard. N. Y., Mich., 111., Iowa. Host: Quercus.
Periclista sulfurana Stannard, 1949. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 75: 28. 9, 6.
pallipes (Provancher). Calif. Ecology: Adults collected from Quercus agrifolia, Q. wislizenii.
Monophadmis pallipes Provancher, 1895. Nat. Canad. 22: 80. 9, 6.
Periclista occidentalis Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 398. 9,6.
subtruncata Dyar. N. Y. to Fla. w. to III, Tex. Host: Quercus coccinea.
Tenthredo (Allantus) labiata Klug, 1818. Mag. Gesell Naturf. Freunde Berhn 8: 73. 9.
Preocc. by Geoffroy, 1785.
Periclista subtnmcata Dyar, 1898. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 131. 9.
Aphanisus lobatus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 295. 9.
Aphanisus muricatus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 296. 9.
Biology: Harris, 1850. New England Farmer 2: 33. —Saunders, 1873. Canad. Ent.
5: 101-103.
— Riley, 1877. 111. State Ent. Rpt. 6: 61. —Saunders, 1885. Canad. Ent.
17: 1-2. —Petit,
1900. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 180: 137-138. -Lowe, 1898. N. Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 150, pp. 251-262.
Tribe CERATULINI
Genus CERATULUS MacGillivray
Ceratulus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 454.
Type-species: Ceratulus spectabilis MacGillivray. Orig. desig.
Tribe WALDHEIMIINI
Genus WALDHEIMIA Brullc
Revision: Malaise, 1949. Arkiv for Zool. 42A: 33-58 (key to species).
bedeae Smith. S. Ariz.; Mexico.
Waldheimia bedeae Smith, 1969. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1397, p. 156. 9.
The single species in this genus was probably introduced into North America.
affinis (Fallen). Conn, to Md. w. to Ont, Wis.; Europe. Probably introduced. Host: Galium.
Host recorded in Europe.
Hylotoma affinis Fallen, 1807. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 28: 207.
Hylotoma assimilis Fallen, 1807. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 28: 204. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 99
Tenthredo {Allantus) kyalina Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 58. 9.
Blennocampa formosella Costa, 1882. Rend. Accad. Sci. fis Napoli, p. 198.
Subfamily ALLANTINAE
Members of this subfamily are associated with various plants. Some hosts are strawberries,
raspberries, roses, violets, and dogwood. After feeding is completed, larvae of many species bore
into fruits, wood, or other suitable substances for pupating or overwintering. The occurrence of
larvae in these secondary hosts is sometimes more significant if in cultivated fruits or structural
wood, but it is purely incidental depending on their proximity to the true host plant. Adults of
this subfamily are medium to large sawflies and may be either rather stout or elongated.
Tribe ERIOCAMPINI
Genus PSEUDOSIOBLA Ashmead
Pseudosiobla Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 308.
Type-species: Allaritus excavatus Norton. Orig. desig.
cephalanthi Rohwer. Mass., N. Y., Mo. Host: Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Pseudosiobla cephalanthi Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 404. 6.
excavata (Norton). Maine to Fla. w. to 111., Tex. Host: Cephalanthus.
Allantus excavatus Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 143. 9.
Siobla robiista Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 253. 9.
Taxonus floridanus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 352. 6.
Biology: Bouchard, 1961. Ent. Soc. Quebec, Ann. 6: 69-80. —Borden and Dean, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Brit. Columbia, Proc. 68: 26-28 (in B. C).
Morphology: Hsin, 1935. Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 22: 253-294 (epidermal glands of larva).
Biology: Dyar, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 311 {pinguis, not Norton).
— Dyar, 1897. N.
Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 8: 199. (pinguis, not Norton).
pinguis (Norton). N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Que. to Va. w. to Sask., Colo. Host: Alnus, Betula.
Allantzts pinguis Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 244. 9.
Sciapteryx punctum Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 72. S .
Dimorphopteryx pinguis errans Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 406. 9, S .
Tribe EMPRIINI
Species of this holarctic genus show considerable color variation; consequently the long list of
synonymies under some species. This genus also extends into Mexico.
Revision: Ross, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 172-178.
alpina Benson. N. W. T., B. C; Europe. Host: Salix spp.
Empria alpina Benson, 1938. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 5: 190, 195. 9, <5.
candidata (Fallen). Que., Maine, N. H., N. W. T., Man., Alta., Yukon, B. C. Alaska; Europe to
Siberia. Host: Betula.
Tenthredo candidata Fallen, 1807. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 28: 105.
Tenthredo (Allantus) repanda Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 77. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 101
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 390 (distribution).
ignota (Norton). Maine to Pa. w. to Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Widespread.
Adult captured from Salix.
Selandria ignotus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 257. 9.
Monostegia kincaidi MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 239. 9.
Empria calda MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 307. 9.
Empria cata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 307. 6.
Empria castigata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 309. 9.
Empria casca MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 310. 9.
Empria evecta MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 310. 9.
Empria confirmata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 341. 9.
Empria coiicitata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 342. 6.
Empria culpata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 343. 9.
Empria cerina MacGillivray, 1921. Psyche 28: 34. 9, S.
Empria cirrha MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 16. 9.
Empria cithara MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 17. 9.
improba (Cresson). Maine, Ont. w. to N. W. T., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Colo., Calif. Ecology:
Widespread. Adults collected from Salix.
Emphytus improbus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 11. 9.
belfragei (Cresson). Mass. to Pa. w. to Ont., Wis., Kans., Tex. Ecology: Adults collected from
Comus.
Selandria belfragei Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 15. 9.
Caliroa nortonia MacGillivray, 1894. Canad. Ent. 24: 324. 6.
Phrontosoma atrum MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 367. 6.
Phrontosoma daeckei MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 367. 9.
Phrontosoma collaris MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 367. 9.
Monostegia Costa, 1859. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Imen., pt. 3, p. 60.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allantus) luteola Klug. Desig. by Ross, 1951.
Poecilosoma subg. Nematoceros Konow, 1896. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 15: 52, 54.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allaiitus) luteola Klug. Monotypic.
abdominalis (Fabricius). Que., Ont. to N. J., Pa. w. to Ohio; Europe to Siberia. Probably
introduced. Host: Lysiniacliia numyyiularia, L. vulgaris, L. terrestris, Anagallis.
Tenthredo abdominalis Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 216. 9.
Tenthredo (Allantus) luteola Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 48.
Ametastegia Costa, 1882. Accad. delle Sci. Fis. e Mat. Napoli, Rend. 21(10): 198.
Type-species: Ametastegia fulvipes Costa. Monotypic.
Aomodyctium Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 309. No included species.
Type-species: Strongylogaster abyiortnis Provancher. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Protemphytus Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 92.
Type-species: Emphytus coloradensis Weldon. Monotypic.
Emphytina Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 399.
Type-species: Emphytina pnlchella Rohwer. Orig. desig.
Simple7nphytus MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 363.
Type-species: Simple7nphytus pacificus MacGillivray. Monotypic.
Unitaxonus MacGillivray, 1921. Psyche 28: 32.
Type-species: Uyiitaxonus repentinus MacGillivray. Orig. desig.
Species of this holarctic genus feed on herbaceous plants. On maturing, larvae bore into soft
substances to form a pupal cell. This secondary host may be apples, other fruits, soft wood, or
pith of other plants. Such records as hosts for species of this genus do not constitute the true
host on which the larvae feed.
Biology: Chittenden and Titus, 1905. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 54: 40-43. —Webster, 1908. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 1: 310-311 (in apples). —
Dustan and Gilliatt, 1916. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, Proc,
pp. 45-48. —Newcomer, 1916. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 265, 40 pp.
—
Blackman and Stage,
1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub.'l?, v. 24, p. 153 (in dead and
decaying hickory). — Zuk, 1961. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 58: 21 (boring holes in
cedar siding).
pallipes (Spinola). Newfoundland to Md. w. to B. C, Oreg., Calif.; Europe to Siberia; Iceland.
Ecology: Widespread. Host: Viola. Violet sawfly.
Tenthredo pallipes Spinola, 1808. Insectorum Liguriae, v. 2, p. 19.
Tenthredo (Emphytus) grossulariae Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8:
283. 9.
Dolems leucopodus Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 119. 9.
Tenthredo pallipes Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 66. 9, 6. Homonym and Synonym.
Emphytus canadense Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 204. N. name for pallipes
Provancher.
Emphytus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 119. Emend.
E^npria cavata MacGillivray, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 305. 9.
Empria cetaria MacGillivray, 1921. Psyche 28: 33. 9.
Emphytus halesus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 13. 9.
Emphytus heroicus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 14. 9.
Emphytus hiatics MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 14. 9.
synonym.
E7nphyti7ia pulchella Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 41: 400. 9.
E7nphyti7ia pallidiscapa Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 401. 9, 6.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 105
tener (Fallen). Que., Ont. to Va. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology:
Widespread. Host: Rumex.
Tenthredo tener Fallen, 1808. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 29: 109.
Tenthredo (Empkytus) patellatus Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 8: 283.
9,c5.
Dolerus luctuosus Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 119. 9, 6.
Dolenis nigritiis Lepeletier, 1823. Monog. Tenthred., p. 120. 6.
Simplemphytus pacificus MacGillivray, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 363. 9,6.
Emphyiina vanduzeei Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 205. 9.
Empria columna MacGillivray, 1923. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 18: 54. 9.
Emphytus haliartus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 14. 9.
Emphytus haustus MacGillivray, 1923. 111. Univ. Bui. 20(50): 14. 6.
Genus APHILODYCTIUM Ashmead
Aphilodyctium Ashmead, Canad. Ent. 30: 310.
1898.
Type-species: Strotigylogaster rubripes Cresson. Orig. desig.
Polytaxonus MacGillivray, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40: 368.
Type-species: Taxonus robustus Provancher. Orig. desig.
The single species in this genus is found only in North America.
Tribe ALLANTINI
Genus ALLANTUS Panzer
Allantus Panzer, 1801. Faunae Ins. German., heft 82, pi. 12.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allantus) togatus Panzer. Monotypic
Emphytus Klug, 1813. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 273.
Type-species: Tenthredo cincta Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1833.
This is a much larger genus in the Palaearctic region. Three of the seven North American
forms were introduced.
Revision: Ross, 1937. Arb. uber Morph. u. Taxonom. Ent. 4: 91.
Emphytus cinctipes Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 229. 9,6.
Biology: Jack, 1889. Psyche 5: 279.
—
Britton, 1916. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt.
1915, pt. 2, pp. 185-186.
—
Middleton, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1252, 4 pp.
—
McNay, 1958. Canad. Ins. Pest Rev. 36: 141 (on strawberry).
Morphology: Will, 1933. Pa. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 30-32 (wing venation variations).
Biology: Johnson, 1902. Colo. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 15: 113-114.
nigritibialis Rohwer. N. J., Va; Siberia, China. Possibly introduced. Host: RosaiO- May be
only a color form of cinctus (L.).
Allantus cinctus nigritibialis Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 407. 9. Described
from specimens intercepted in New Jersey from Hong Kong.
umbonatus Wong. Ont., Man., Sask., Alta. Host: Betula.
Allantus umbonatus Wong, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 852. 9.
viennensis (Schrank). N. Y. (Tompkins Co.); Europe. Introduced. Host: Rosa, Rubus.
Tenthredo Vieyuiensis Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austr., p. 331.
Taxonomy: Smith. 1975. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 25 (10): 163-165 (first U. S. record).
Biology: Kartasheva, 1964. Zasch. Rast. ot Vred. i Boleznei 9 (10): 41-42. — Scheibelreiter,
1973. Ztschr. Angewandte Ent. 72: 243-244.
Biology: Jack, 1889. Garden and Forest 2: 520. —Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Insect Life 2: 239-243. —Will, 1944. Pa. Acad. Sci., Proc 18: 48. —Will, 1959. Pa. Acad. Sci.,
Proc 33: 214.
Morphology: Kreiger, Gilvert, and Wilkinson, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 1322-1323
(microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity).
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 107
Taxonus Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung Naturgesch.
Hym., p. 297.
Type-species: Tenthredo (Allantiis) nitida Klug. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Ermilia Costa, 1859. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Imen., pt. 3, p. 106.
Type-species: Ermilia pulchella Costa. Monotypic.
Strongylogastroidea Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 308.
Type-species: Alla7itus apicalis Say. Orig. desig.
Parasiobla Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 308.
Type-species: Allayitus rufociyictus Norton. Orig. desig.
Hypotaxonus Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 311.
Type-species: Allanhis pallipes Say. Orig. desig.
This genus is better represented in east Asia and eastern North America than in other parts
of the world. Judging from the few records, plants of the Rosaceae serve as hosts.
Subfamily TENTHREDININAE
This subfamily contains most of the larger and more colorful members of the Tenthredinidae.
Though commonly collected, hosts and life histories are known for very few species.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1959. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 28: 121-127
(tribes).
Tribe PERINEURINI
Genus LEUCOPELMONUS MacGillivray
Leucopelmonus MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 83.
Type-species: Leucopelmonus annulatus MacGillivray. Monotypic.
annulicornis (Harrington). Newfoundland, Que., Ont. s. to N. C.
Tenthredo confusus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 241. <J. Preocc. by Lepeletier,
1823.
Tenthredopsisf annulicornis Harrington, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 61. 9, 6.
Perineura turbata Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 408. 9, S.
Leucopelmonus annulatus MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22: 83. 9 .
Tribe SCIAPTERYGINI
Genus ZASCHIZONYX Ashmead
Zaschizonyx Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 257.
Type-species:Hoplocampa montana Cresson. Orig. desig.
Opisthoneura Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 287.
Type-species: Opisthoneura Crevecoeuri Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Revision: Ross, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 272-273.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1959. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 28: 127.
montana (Cresson). Ont., Minn., 111., Iowa, Mo. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Syynphoricarpos.
Selandria montana Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 244. 9.
Selandria (Hoplocampa) gentilis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 14. S.
Opisthoneura Crevecoeuri Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 287.
Zaschisonyxd) montana var. drabula Ross, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 272. 9.
ZaschisonyxV-) montana subsp. occidentalis Ross, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 272. 9.
pluricincta (Norton). Ariz., Calif.
Macrophya pluricinctus Norton, 1862. Boston Soc Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 118. 9, i.
Macrophya albipes Provancher, 1895. Nat. Canad. 22: 95. 9, 6. Preocc by Geoffroy, 1785.
Labidia doanei Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 91. 9.
Macrophya provancheri Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 328. N. name for albipes
Provancher.
Macrophya nigricomis Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 329. 9,6.
Macrophya occidentalis Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 330. S.
Macrophya bakeri Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 331. 6.
Macrophya truncata Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 331. 9, cJ.
Macrophya pluricinctella Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 332. 9.
Macrophya inultici^icta Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 333. 9.
Macrophya melanostoma Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 333. 9.
Macrophya napeiisis Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 410. 9.
Morphology: Matsuda, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 99-108 (head).
Tribe TENTHREDOPSINI
Genus AGLAOSTIGMA Kirby
Aglaostigma veedee Ross, 1943. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 45: 81. 9, i.
Tribe TENTHREDININI
Genus LAGIUM Konow
Lagium Konow, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 246.
Type-species: Tenthredo atroviolaceum Norton. Orig. desig.
Revision: Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 213.
1 10 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Benson, 1965. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 34: 105-112 (world
species and species groups).
Species Group Lateraria
californica (Norton). Que. to Yukon s. to N. Y., Man., N. Mex., Utah, Calif.; Norway. Host:
Populus balsamifera, P. tremuloides.
Tenthredo califomicus Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 198. 9.
Tenthredopsis Evansii Harrington, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21: 98. 9.
Tenthredo ripula MacGillivray, 1923. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 31: 109. 6.
Rhogogaster polaris Lindqvist, 1964. Notulae Ent. 44: 121. 6.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1965. Roy. Ent. Soc London, Proc. Ser. B: Taxonomy 34: 108.
viridis (Linnaeus). Yukon and Alaska s. to Man., Mont, Calif.; Eurasia, Japan. Host: Salix,
Populus, Alnus, Ranunculus, Filipendula, Stellaria, Circaea. These hosts recorded in
Europe.
Tenthredo viridis Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 557. 9.
Rhogogastera ruga MacGillivray, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 160. 9.
Rhogogastera respectus MacGillivray, 1923. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 31: 165. 9.
Rhogogaster similis Lindqvist, 1958. Notulae Ent. 38: 68.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1963. Notulae Ent. 43: 137-138 (wear and damage of saws).
Morphology: Zacwilichowska, 1953. Polski Pismo Ent. 23: 114-128 (innervation and sense
organs in wings).
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 111
Ta.\onomy: Smith, 1974. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 24 (35): 707-710 (first N. Amer. record).
arctica (Thomson). Alaska (Umiat); Siberia, Scandinavia.
Eniscia arctica Thomson, 1870. Opusc. Ent. 2: 300.
Ischyroceraea hyperborea Kiaer, 1898. Tromsoe Miis. Aarsh. 19: 68.
Probably the largest sawfly genus, with over 700 described world species. Adults are large
and many are brightly colored. They are commonly found on flowers of various plants where
they feed on nectar and pollen and may also be factors in pollination. Adults are also predaceous
on other arthropods. Hosts and biologies are known for very few species. European authors
have devised their own species groups within the genus; however, until the North American
forms are studied in relation to the world fauna, the species groups below are retained from
previous catalogs.
Taxonomy: Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 225-226 (key to species of Labidia
[originalis group]).
— Smulyan, 1923. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 36: 385-465 (New
England species).
Taxonomy: Benson, 1959. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 28: 98.
maxima (Norton). Alta., Mont., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex. w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Allantus unicinctus Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 9. 9, i. Preocc. by Brulle,
1832.
Allantus 7naximus Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 263. 9.
112 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Allantus unicinctulus Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 80. N. name for imicinctus
Norton.
ocampa Ross. Ariz.; Mexico.
Zamacrophya nigrilabris Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 222. 9, S. Preocc. by
Friwaldozky, 1876.
Tenthredo ocampa Ross, 1951. In Muesebeck, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 71. N.
name for nigrilabris Rohwer.
opima (Cresson). Colo. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Allantus opimus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 15. 9, J.
Labidia Columbiana Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 21. 6 .
Tenthredo (Labidia) opimus coloradensis Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 224. 9.
originalis (Norton). Labrador s. to N. Y.
Allantus originalis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 261. 9.
retura Ross. Nev., Calif.
Allaiitus nigriceps Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 16. 9, d. Preocc. by Spinola,
1851.
Tenthredo retura Ross, 1951. In Muesebeck, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 71. N.
name for nigriceps Cresson.
Tenthredella glacialis Ross, 1931. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 24: 110. 9, d.
lobata (Norton). N. Y. to N. C. w. to Wis.
Allanius lobatus Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 253. 9.
mantha Ross. Conn. w. to Wis., 111.
Tenthredella lobata maculosa Smulyan, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 324. 9,6. Preocc. by
Lepeletier, 1823.
Tenthredo mayitha Ross, 1951. In Muesebeck, et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 73. N.
name.
by Linnaeus, 1758.
Tenthredo leucostoma Kirby, 1837. Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 256.
Tenthredo rufopedibus Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 15. 6.
Taxonomy: Benson, Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 392 (Possibly a geographical
1962. Brit.
race of Tenthredo atra Linnaeus, a widespread species in Eurasia).
mellipes Rohwer. Colo.
Tenthredo mellipes Rohwer, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 105. 9.
nigritibialis MacGillivray. Wash.
Tenthredo nigritibialis MacGillivray, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 107. S.
colon Klug. Labrador, N. B., N. H. w. to Alaska; Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia. Host: Viburnum,
Salix, Rosa, Corylus, Sorbtis. These hosts recorded in Europe.
Tenthredo {Allantus) colon Klug, 1814. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde BerHn 8: 182. 9, cJ.
Tenthredo ebumeifrons Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 306. 9.
Tenthredo nigricollis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 308. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 392 {Tenthredo livida of
American authors, not Linnaeus).
grandis (Norton). N. Que., Ont. s. to N. C.
B.,
Allantus grandis Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 239. 9.
Tenthredo antennata Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 308. 9.
Tenthredo dubitatus MacGilhvray, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 103. 6.
concessa Norton. Ont. to Pa. w. to Alta., S. Dak., Mont., Colo. Host: Betula.
Allantus tricolor Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 247. 9. Preocc
Tenthredo concessus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 238. 9.
Tenthredo bamstoni Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 314. 9, 6. A questionable
synonym.
Tenthredo cressonii Kirby, 1882. List. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 315. 9.
Tenthredo uniformis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 317. 9.
Tenthredella rohweri Smulyan, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 323. N. name for tricolor Norton.
Tenthredella tricolor var. savanna Ross, 1931. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 24: 116. 9.
Taxonomy: Dyar, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 19 (larva and host of remota MacGillivray).
variata Norton. Colo., Wash.
Tenthredo variatus Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 12. 9, 6.
Tenthredo capitatus MacGillivray, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 108. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 117
Allantus annularis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 262. 9, cJ. Preocc. by
Schrank, 1776.
Allantus elegantulus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 17. 9, cJ. Preocc. by Fallen,
1808.
Labidia opimus var. bigeminus Dyar, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 195. 9.
Tenthredo obliquatus MacGillivray, 1897. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 105. 9, cJ.
Tenthredo elegantula oregona Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 411. 9.
Tenthredo admeta Enslin, 1912. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 6: 103. N. name for annularis
Norton.
Tenthredo arethtisa Enslin, 1912. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 6: 103. N. name for elegantulus
Cresson.
Tribe MACROPHYINI
Genus MACROPHYA Dahlbom
Teyithredo subg. Macrophya Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin.
Scand., p. 11.
120 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Middleton, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61: 6-11 (larvae). —Ross, 1931. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 24: 119-128 (species with white apical antennal segments). —Malaise and
Benson, 1934. Arkiv for Zool. 26A: 4-5 (.Tenthredo nistica L. is Argidae; T. rustica auct.,
nee Linnaeus= Macropliya montana (Scopoli)).
alba MacGillivray. Que. to Pa. w. to Wis., Ind.
Macrophya pulchella alba MacGillivray, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 285. 9,6.
Macrophya zonata Konow, 1899. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 18: 44. Unnecessary N. name for alba.
Macrophya texa7ia Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 52. 9, cJ.
Macrophya zabriskiei Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 218. 9,6.
castaneae Rohwer. Va. Host: Ca.stanea dentata.
Macrophya castaneae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 151. 6.
cinctula (Norton). Conn, to Ga. w. to Minn., 111.
Tenthredo atroviolacea var. cinctulus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 240. 9.
Allantiis dejectiis Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 249. 6. A questionable
synonym.
Macrophya abbotii Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 269. 6.
Zalagium clypeatum Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 43: 217. 6.
coquilletti (Rohwer). Calif.
Sciapteryx coquilletti Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 212. 9,6.
fascialis Norton. N. Y. to Md. w. to Mich., 111.
Macrophya fascialis Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 276. 9.
Macrophya fascialis var. puella Ross, 1931. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 24: 123, 9,6.
flavicoxae (Norton). N. B., Ont. to Ga. w. to Alta., Wis.
Allantus flavicoxae Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hst. 7: 258. 9.
Allantus incertus Norton, 1860. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 7: 258. 6.
Selandria canadensis Provancher, 1885. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 7. 9.
Synairema pacifica Provancher, 1885. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p. 15. 9.
Macrophya varius var. nordicola Ross, 1931. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 24: 125. 9,6.
zonalis Norton. Que. to Md. w. to Minn.
Macrophya zonalis Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 11. 9.
Unplaced Taxa of Macrophya Dahlbom
The names in the following list fall into a difficult complex previously known as the Epinota
complex. The species are merely listed without regard to possible synonymy.
Cassandra Kirby. N. Y.
Macrophya cassandra Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 273. 9.
cesta (Say). U. S.
Allantus cestus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 216. 9,6.
contaminata Provancher. Canada.
Macrophya coyitayimiata Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 105. 9.
Macrophya fuscoterminata Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 410. 9.
epinota (Say). N. H. to Va. w. to Kans., Colo. Host: Sambucus.
Tenthredo (Allayitus) sambuci Harris, 1833. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.
Macrophya fill iginosa Dalla Torre, 1894. Cat. Hym., v. 1, p. 52. Misspelling.
melanota Rohwer. 111.
Macrophya melanota Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 43: 219. 9.
minuta MacGillivray. N. Y.
Macrophya minuta MacGillivray, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 286. 6.
mixta MacGillivray. N. H. Host: V iburtmyn(^).
Macrophya mixta MacGillivray, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 77. 9.
pannosa (Say). U. S.
Allantus pannosus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 217. 9,6.
propinqua Harrington. Canada.
Macrophya propinqua Harrington, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21: 97. 9.
Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 123
punctata MacGillivray. N. Y.
Macrophya punctata MacGillivray, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 285. 9.
raui Rohwer. Mo.
Macrophya raui Rohwer, 1917. Ent. News 28: 264. 9, d.
tibiator Norton. Ont. to Ga. w. to 111., Kans. Host: Sambucus.
Macrophya tibiator Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila.. Proc. 3: 10. 9, cJ.
Superfamily SIRICOIDEA
Family SYNTEXIDAE
Taxonomy: Benson, 1935. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 16: 536. —Ross, 1937. 111. Biol.
Taxonomy: Middlekauff, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 257 (male, host, distribution).
-Middlekauff, 1975 (1974). Pan-Pacific Ent. 50: 288-290 (larva).
Family SIRICIDAE
Larvae of this family are wood borers, members of the Siricinae in coniferous trees and those
of the Tremicinae in angiosperm trees. The North American species are not known to attack
sound trees, only those that have been weakened or recently felled. Fire damaged trees are par-
in recent burns.
ticularly attractive to adults for oviposition, and large populations may build up
The boring of the larvae reduces the quality of lumber and the emergence of the adults may
damage buildings where they may bore through plaster walls, carpeting, and hardwood floors to
exit. In Europe, Urocenis gigas gigas (L.) has been reported to cut through metal and lead
telephone cables. Because of their habits, some species have been spread by commerce to many
parts of the world, and it is not uncommon to find them out of their normal range.
The family is cosmopolitan except perhaps for South America. About 85 species in 9 genera
are known from the world. The common names horntails or woodwasps are sometimes used for
this family.
Revision: Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 1-36 (N. Amer. species). —Benson, 1943. Bui.
Ent. Res. 34: 27-51 (world genera). —Middlekauff, 1960. CaHf. Ins. Survey, Bui. 6(4): 59-77
(Calif, species).
Taxonomy: Johnson, 1928. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Bui. 49: 2-7 (New England species).
—Hedicke, 1938. Hym. Cat., pt. 6, 32 pp. (world catalog). —Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc.
126 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
London, Trans. 87: 359 (genera and subfamilies). — Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus.
Heude) 13: 11-189.
Biology: Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76 (biology and parasites).
—
Wickman, 1964.
Canad. Ent. 96: 508-510 (measuring populations). —Cameron, 1965. Commonwealth Inst.
Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5, 31 pp. (hosts and parasites of Siricinae). —
Stillwell, 1966.
Forest Science 12: 121-128 (fungus associations). —Morris, 1967. B. C. Ent. Soc, Jour. 64:
60-63 (Hosts in B. C).
Morphology: Tonapi, 1958. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 110: 492 (spiracular structure and
mechanisms).
Subfamily SIRICINAE
Biology: Kirk, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 139-144 (Sirex and parasites in s.e. U. S.).
Biology: Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 219-247 (in England).
—
Chrystal and Myers, 1928.
Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 67-77 (natural enemies, England). —Chrystal and Myers, 1928. Empire
Forestry Jour. 7: 145-154 (biology and parasites). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27
(parasites, in Britain). —Parkin, 1941. Nature 147: 329 (fungus association). —Parkin, 1942.
Ann. Appl. Biol. 29: 268-274 (fungus association, hypopleural organs).
edwardsii Brulle. Que. to Ga. and Ala. w. to Sask., Wis., Ark. Host: Picea abies, Pinus
echinata, P. rigida, P. strobus.
Sirex Edwardsii Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 645. 9.
Urocerus zonatus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 257. i.
Superfamily SIRICOIDEA 127
Taxonomy: Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98: 252 (a subsp. of juvencus). —Cameron,
1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 18 (male).
Biology: Cameron, 1968. Pan-Pacific Ent. 44: 168 (from bolts of Pinus ponderosa injured by
atmospheric pollution).
juvencus juvencus (Linnaeus). Labrador, Newfoundland, N. S., N. B., N. J., Yukon, B. C;
Eurasia. Host: Abies balsamea, A. lasiocarpa, Pinus contorta. Recorded from species
oi Abies, Larix, Picea, and Pinus in Europe and Asia. Occasionally intercepted in New
Zealand, Australian, and Philippine ports in lumber. Probably more common in North
America than expected.
Ichneumon juvencus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 560.
Sirex nigricomis Acerbi, 1802. Trav. North Cape, v. 2, p. 253. Preocc.
Sirex dubia Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 375. N. name for nigricomis Acerbi.
Sirex australis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 383. 9.
Sirex Leseleuci Toumier, 1890. Ent. Geneve 1: 220.
Paurunis sucineiceps Koornneef, 1935. Tijdschr. Ent. 78: xix.
Sirex juvencus var. atricomis Kjellander, 1945. Kungl. Fysiograf. Sallskap. Lund, Forh.
15: 126.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37. —Benson, 1945. Ent. Monthly Mag. 81: 67-68.
-Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98: 252.
Biology: Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 223.
—
Stillwell, 1966. Forest Science 12: 121-128
(associated fungus, in N. B., N. S.). —Morris, 1967. B. C. Ent. Soc, Jour. 64: 60-63 (hosts
and distribution in B. C. and Yukon).
longicauda Middlekauff. Idaho, Colo., N. Mex., Utah, w. to Oreg., Calif. Host: Abies concolor,
A. magnifica, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Adventive in eastern states
emerging from lumber.
Sirex longicauda Middlekauff, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 189. 9.
nigricomis Fabricius. Que. to Fla. w. to Sask., Wis., Ohio, Ark., La. Host: Pinus echinata, P.
strobus, P. virginiana.
Sirex 7iigricornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v.l, p. 418. 9.
Sirex morio Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. 9.
Paururus pinicolus Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 179. 9 .
Biology: Clark, 1933. New Zealand Jour. Sci. and Tech. 15: 188-190. —Miller and Clark, 1935.
Bui. Ent. Res. 26: 149 (New Zealand). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76.
—Rawlings, 1948. New Zealand Jour. Forestry 5: 411. —
Rawlings and Wilson, 1949. New
Zealand Jour. Forestry 6: 20 (hosts susceptibility). —
Gourlay, 1951. Bui. Ent. Res. 42: 21
(parasitized by an orussid. New Zealand). —Irvine, 1962. Victoria's Resources 4: 40 (hosts,
habits, damage in Australia, Tasmania). —Taylor, 1962. Ent. Rec. and Jour. Var. 74: 273
(intercepted in S. Africa).
—
Coutts, 1965. Australian Dept. Natl. Develop. Forest and
Timber Bur., Bui. 41: 3. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Zool.
7: 195. -Mucha, 1967. Australian Forest Res. 8: 3 (habits, hosts). —
Zondag, 1969. New
Zealand Jour. Sci. 12: 732-747 (nematode parasite). —Neumann, 1970. Australian Ent. Soc.
Jour. 9: 168-169 (white eyed forms and gynandromorphs).
varipes Walker. Mont., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies magnifica, A. lasiocarpa,
Picea sitchensis, Piyius ponderosa. Adventive in eastern states emerging from timber.
Probably only a color form of juvencus juvencus or j. califomicus.
Sirex varipes Walker, 1866. hi Lord, Naturalist in Vancouver Is. and B. C. v. 2, p. 342. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37, 48. —Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98:
252 (hybrid of juvencus juvencus (L.) X juvencus califomicus (Ashmead)).
Biology: Benson, 1945. Ent. Monthly Mag. 81: 67 (England, in lumber from B. C. and w. U.
S.). —
Wickman, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 259 (hosts; oviposition).
cressoni Norton. N. S., N. B., Que., Ont. to Fla. w. to Wis., Minn. Host: Abies balsamea, A.
fraseri, Picea sp., Pinus rigida, P. taeda.
Urocerus cressoni Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 16. 9.
Urocerus tricolor Provancher, 1869. Nat. Canad. 1: 17. 9.
Sirex diniidiafns Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. 9.
Sirex Fiskei Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 63. 9.
Urocerus cressoni var. unicolor Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 22. 9.
gigas flavicornis (Fabricius). Labrador to Alaska s. to N. H., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.;
Mexico. Host: Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta,
Pseudotsuga menziesii. U. gigas gigas (L.) is Palaearctic Adventive in Britain and
Brazil emerging from lumber.
Sirex flavicornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 418.
Sirex bizoiiatus Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 342.
Superfamily SIRICOIDEA 129
Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 40. -Hies, 1946. Ent. News 57: 218 (adventive in
Brazil).
Revision: Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 79-89.
morrisoni indecisus (MacGillivray). Idaho, Utah, Nev., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Abies
concolor, A. graiidis, A. lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Libocednis decurrens,
Picea
sitchensis, Piniis contorta, P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga meyiziesii, Tsnga heterophylla.
Urocerus iyidecisus MacGillivray, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 243. 6.
morrisoni morrisoni (Cresson). Colo., Ariz. Host: Abies concolor, Picea pungens, Pseudotsuga
menziesii.
Urocerus morrisoni Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. 9, 6.
spectrum spectrum (Linnaeus). N. B. to Wash. s. to Conn., Mich., Colo., Ariz., Calif.; Eurasia,
China, Formosa, N. Africa. Host: Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea pungens,
Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Recorded from same host genera in Europe
and Asia.
Ichjieumon spectrum Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 560. 9.
Sirex nanus Muller, 1776. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 151.
Sirex ernarginatus Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 128.
Urocerus caudatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 247. 9.
Sirex melanclwlicus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 116. i.
spectrum townesi Maa. Mont., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies concolor, A.
grandis, A. lasiocarpa, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga
heterophylla.
Xeris spectrum townesi Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 88. 9, 6.
tarsalis (Cresson). Wash., Oreg., Calif; Mexico. Host: Cupressus macrocarpa. Thuja plicata?,
Juniperus occidentalis, Libocednis decurrens.
Urocerus tarsalis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 52. 9.
Xeris macgillivrayi Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 24. 9.
Subfamily TREMICINAE
Genus TREMEX Jurine
Tremex Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Method. Class. Hym. Dipt., p. 80.
1810.
Type-species: Sirex fuscicomis Fabricius. Desig. by Latreille,
Xylotems Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung Naturgesch.
Hym., p. 385. Preocc.
1911.
Type-species: Sirex fuscicomis Fabricius. Desig. by Rohwer,
Xyloeceniatium Heyden, 1868. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 2: 227. N. name for Xylotems Hartig.
About 22 world species are recognized, only one of which is found in North America. Our
is extremely variable in coloration, and earlier authors designated races or sub-
representative
species to distinguish these variant forms.
columba (Linnaeus). N. S., N. B., and Que. to Fla. w. to the Rockies, Colo., Utah, Ariz., s. Calif.
Host: Acer, Ulmus, Quercus, Hicoria, Fagus, and probably other deciduous trees.
Usually in dead or dying trees. Pigeon tremex.
Sirex columba Linnaeus, 1763. Amoenitates Academicae, v. 6, p. 412. 9.
130 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Sirex pennsylvanicus DeGeer, 1773. Mem. Serv. Hist, des Ins., v. 3, p. 593.
Sirex cinctus Drury, 1773. Illus. Nat. Hist., v. 2, p. 72. 9.
Sirex americana Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 412. 9.
Tremex obsoletris Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. 6.
Tremex sericeus Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. 9 .
Tremex servillei Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. 4: 645. 9.
Tremex maurus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 116. 6.
Tremex hospes Cockerell, 1889. Colo. Biol. Assn. Rpt. 10: [3]. Nom. nud.
Tremex columba race aureus Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 26. 9.
Taxonomy: Yuasa, 1922. 111. Biol. Monog. 7: 115-116 (larva).
Biology: Herrick, 1935. Ins. Enemies of Shade Trees, pp. 188-189. Blackman and Stage, —
1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17, 24: 156. —Laurent, 1931.
Ent. News 42: 67. —Smith, et ai, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr. Rpt. 62: 387. Beal and —
Massey, 1945. Duke Univ., School Forestry Bui. 10: 70, 155. —
Fattig, 1949. Ent. News 60:
71. — Stillwell, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 783-784 (Hypopleural organs). — Stillwell, 1967.
Canad. Ent. 99: 685-689 (in N. B.).
Family XIPHYDRIIDAE
Larvae of this family are wood borers in dead or dying angiosperm trees. Healthy trees and
sound wood are not attacked. Adults sometimes emerge from firewood brought into homes, con-
sequently arousing concern. The family is cosmopolitan with about 82 species in 22 genera; only
one genus is found in North America.
Revision: Rohwer, 1918. Ent. News 29: 105-111.
Taxonomy: Hedicke, 1938. Hym. Cat., pt. 7, 17 pp. (world catalog). —Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent.
Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 20-76 (world classification). —Benson, 1954. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Trans. 105: 151-158. (world classification).
Subfamily XIPHYDRIINAE
Biology: Harrington, 1884. Ont. Ent. Soc, Ann. Rpt. 14: 17, 40-42. —Rohwer, 1915. Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc. 17: 195 (mating habits).
mellipes Harris. N. S. to N. C. w. to N. W. T., B. C, Oreg., Mont., Minn., 111. Host: Ahms,
Fagus, Betula alleghaniensis, B. lenta, B. occidentalis.
Xiphydria mellipes Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 393. 9.
Xiphydria walshii Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 113. S.
Xiphidion Cayiadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 374. 9. Preocc.
Xiphydria provancheri Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 49. N. name for
canadensis Provancher.
Xiphydria tibialis Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2 (App.), p. 312. 9.
Xiphydria erythrogaster Ashmead, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 233. 6.
Xiphydria champlaini Rohwer, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 84. 9, 6.
Biology: Packard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Comm. Rpt. 5: 483-484.
Family ORUSSIDAE
Larvae of this family are believed to be parasites of wood boring insects, particularly beetle
larvae. Guiglia schauinslandi (Ashmead) of New Zealand has been documented as a parasite of
the siricid, Sirex noctilio (Fabricius). Adults are most commonly collected from standing or
downed dead trees on which they have a characteristic upward and downward or back and forth
running pattern. The family is cosmopolitan and contains about 66 species in 14 genera with the
bulk of the species found in the tropical regions.
Revision: Bradley, 1901. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 317-318. —Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc 43: 141-158.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1935. Rhodesian Mus., Occ Papers No. 4, 10 pp. (world genera).
—Guiglia, 1943. Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. 62: 85-111 (world catalog). —Benson,
1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2: 1-15 (world genera). —Benson, 1955. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 24: 13-23 (world classification). —Guiglia, 1957. Genova
Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. 69: 48-59 (suppl. to world catalog). —Guiglia, 1965. In Ferriere
and van der Vecht, Cat. Hym., pt. 1, 18 pp. (world catalog).
132 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily ORUSSINAE
Genus ORUSSUS Latreille
Biology: Burke, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 87-89. —Powell and Turner, 1969.
Pan-Pacific Ent. 45: 73-74 (oviposition behavior).
Morphology: Parker, 1934. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici 28: 159-191 (larval anatomy).
sayii (Westwood). Ont.,Maine to Md. w. to 111.
Oryssus sayii Westwood, 1835. Zool. Jour. 5: 440. "6"=9.
Oryssus terminalis Newman, 1838. Ent. Mag. 5: 486. 9.
Oryssus haemorrhoidalis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 394. 9.
Oryssus affinis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 394. i.
Biology: Blackman and Stage, 1924. Syracuse Univ., N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Tech. Pub. 17,
24: 154 (in hickory). —Pratt, 1938. Psyche 45: 94-95. —Cooper, 1953. Rochester Acad. Sci.,
Proc. 10: 38-68.
thoracicus (Ashmead). Ariz., Wash., Oreg., CaHf.
Oryssus thoracicus Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 178. "(J"=9.
Subfamily OPHRYNOPINAE
Genus OPHRYNOPUS Konow
Ophrynopus Konow, Termes. Fuzetek 20: 605.
1897.
Type-species: Ophrynopus andrei Konow. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Ophrynella Ross, 1937. 111. Biol. Monog. 15(2): 113.
Superfaitiily CEPHOIDEA
Family CEPHIDAE
The Cephidae are stem sawflies because of the habit of the larvae which bore and feed
called
in grass stems, berry canes, or stems or twigs of various shrubs or trees. Those species whose
hosts are cultivated grains may be serious pests. The adults are slender, cylindrical, ichneu-
mon-like insects and may be found around the host plant. Adults of Cephini are commonly at-
tracted to yellow flowers in the vicinity of the host. About 13 genera and 100 species are recog-
nized for the world, most of which are Palaearctic.
Revision: Ries, 1937. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 63: 259-324 (Nearctic species). —
Middlekauff,
1969. Calif. Ins. Surv., Bui. 11: 1-18 (keys to Nearctic genera and species; emphasis on
Calif, species).
Taxonomy: Middleton, 1917. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 19: 174-179 (larvae). —Benson, 1935. Ann.
and Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 16: 535-553 (world genera).
—
Klima, 1937. In Hedicke, Hym. Cat,
pt. 2, pp. 1-51(world catalog). —Benson, 1946. Roy. Ent. Sec. London, Trans. 96: 89-108
(world classification; keys to subfamilies, tribes, genera).
Subfamily CEPHINAE
Tribe HARTIGIINI
aldrichi Bradley. B. C, Wash., Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Cmiium maculatum(i). An adult
collection record.
Caenocephus aldrichi Bradley, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 363. 9.
Caenocephus konowi Bradley, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 363. i.
Taxonomy: Middlekauff, 1952. Pan-Pacific Ent. 28: 108 (distribution; possible host).
Biology: Essig, 1912. Calif. Comm. Hort, Monthly Bui. 1: 889-901. Essig, 1926. Ins. of
—
West. No. Amer., pp. 775-776. —
Middlekauff, 1969. Calif. Ins. Surv., Bui. 11: 5-6.
trimaculata (Say). Que. to Fla. w. to B. C, Wash., Idaho, Utah, La.; Mexico. Host: Rosa,
Rubus.
Cephus trimaculatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, (App.), p. 313.
9,cJ.
Cephus mexicanus Guerin, 1845. Iconogr. Regn. Animal. Ins. 3: 403.
Phylloecus bicinctus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 375. 9.
Cephus bifasciatiis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 33. 9.
Cephus fasciatus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 33. 9.
abbreviatus (Say). Ont. to Va. w. to Man., Minn., 111. Host: Populus, Salix. Willow shoot
sawfly.
Cephus abbreviatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, (App.), p. 314. 9.
Xiphydria basalis Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 222. 9.
Cephus heteropterus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 224. 6.
Cephus intei-niptus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym. p. 355. 9, cJ.
Biology: Middleton, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 176. —Britton, 1918. Conn. (State) Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 203: 359.
—
Zappe, 1926. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 275: 322.
bimaculatus (Norton). Que. and Maine to Md. w. to Minn., 111. Host: Viburnum lentago, V.
pninifolium.
Phylloecus bimaculatus Norton, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 346. 9,6.
Cephus quadriguttatus Westwood, 1874. Thesaur. Ent. Oxon., p. Ill, pi. 20, fig. 11. 9.
integer (Norton). Newfoundland to Md. w. to Man., Wash., Iowa. Host: Ribes. Currant stem
girdler.
Cephus integer Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 224. 9.
Superfamily CEPHOIDEA 135
Jayius flaviventris Fitch, 1862. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 21: 852.
Biology: Slingerland, 1897. Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 126: 41-53. Middleton, 1917.—
Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 176. -Britton, 1921. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 226:
201-204.
rufiventris (Cresson). Oreg., Calif.
Cephus rufiventris Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 33. 9.
Tribe CEPHINI
cinctus Norton. Man., Mich., Ohio, Mo., Ark. w. to Alta., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Most
serious crop damage is in the wheat growing areas of the north central states and south
central provinces. The preferred host is wheat, but to a lesser extent spring rye, barley,
and timothy; also native grasses. Host: Triticum aestiviim, Secale cereale, Hordeum
vulgare, Phleum pratense, Agropyron, Beckmannia, Bromus, Calarnagrostis,
Calamovilfa, Deschampsia, Elymus, Festuca, Stipa. One or more species in the
preceding genera may be suitable hosts. Wheat stem sawfly.
Cephus cinctus Norton, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 86. 6.
Cephus occidentalis Riley and Marlatt, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 177. 9, S.
Cephus graenicheri Ashmead, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 182. 9, cJ.
Biology: Ainslie, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 841, 27 pp.
—
Ainslie, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 157, 23 pp. -Wallace and McNeal, 1966. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1350, 50 pp.
(history; damage; distribution; hosts; biology; control; breeding for sawfly resistance;
extensive bibliography to work prior to 1966, much to large to repeat here). McWilliams, —
Pesho, and Hodgin, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 993-994 (plastic light-filters for field studies
of behavior). -Villacorta, Bell, and Callenbach, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 749-751
(influence of high temperature and light on post-diapause development).
5.
Biology: Comstock, 1889. Cornell Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 11: 127-142. —Chittenden, 1892.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 344. —
Ries, 1926. Jour. Agr. Res. 32: 277-295. -Udine,
1941. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 607, 9 pp. —Wallace and McNeal, 1966. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 1350, 50 pp. (history; damage; distribution; hosts; biology; control; breeding for sawfly
resistance; extensive bibliography to work prior to 1966, too large to repeat here).
Morphology: Parker, 1934. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici 28: 159-191 (larval anatomy).
clavata (Norton). Idaho, Wash., Oreg., CaHf. Host: Grasses Specific hosts not known.
Phylloecus clavata Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 2: 345. 9.
Taxonomy: Benson, 1946. London Ent. Soc, Trans. 96: 103-104.
Astatus Panzer, 1801. Faunae Ins. German., heft 83, pi. 12. Preocc.
Type-species: Sirex troglodyta Fabricius. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Trachelus Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Method. Class. Hym. Dipt., p. 70.
Type-species: Sirex tabidus Fabricius. Monotypic.
Cepha Billberg, 1820. Enum. Ins. Mus. Billberg, p. 98.
Type-species: Sirex tabidits Fabricius. Monotypic.
Ateuchopus Konow, 1896. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 15: 151.
Type-species: Ateuchopus aniieiiius Konow. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Eumetaboius Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 211.
Type-species: Sirex troglodyta Fabricius. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911.
Trachelastatus Morice and Durrant, 1915. Ent. Soc. London, Trans, p. 383. N. name for
Cepha Billberg.
Neateuchopus Benson, 1935. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) 16: 543.
Type-species: Neateuchopus tigris Benson. Orig. desig.
Microcephus Benson, 1935. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, (10) 16: 545.
Type-species: Monoplopus judaicus Konow. Orig. desig.
The 6 species in this genus are found in the Mediterranean Region with one species in-
troduced into North America. Larvae bore in the stems of various grasses.
tabidus (Fabricius). N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., Va., W. Va., Mich., Ohio; Europe, N. Africa,
Asia Minor. Ecology: Found on cultivated grasses such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats.
No wild grass host is known in N. Amer. May not now occur in N. Y., N. J., and e. Pa
due to competition with Cephus pygmaeus. Introduced, first found in N. J. prior to
1899. Host: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, Hordeum vulgare, Avena. Black grain
stem sawfly.
Sirex tabidus Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 326.
Sirex macilentiis Fabricius, 1793. Ent. Syst., v. 2, p. 131.
Superfamily CEPHOIDEA 137
Morphology: Parker, 1934. Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici 28: 159-191 (larval anatomy).
139
Suborder APOCRITA
By Karl V. Krombein
This suborder includes a vast and diverse assemblage of species-level taxa, and many more
genus- and family-level taxa than does the suborder Symphyta. Other names used in the past for
the suborder include PetioHventres or Petiolata, Clistogastra and Heterophaga. Common names
applied to the major groups of Apocrita include braconid and ichneumonid wasps, chalcid flies or
wasps, gall wasps, ants, true wasps and bees. The first three groups are sometimes placed in the
Division Parasitica or Terebrantia, and the latter three in the Division Aculeata. More detailed
information is included under the divisional headings.
There are several important characters separating the Apocrita from the Symphyta. The ap-
parent thorax is separated from the apparent abdomen by a constriction. What appears to be the
thorax actually consists of the true thorax to which is fused the first abdominal segment
(propodeum); the apparent thorax is sometimes termed the mesosoma or alitrunk. What appears
to be the entire abdomen is termed the gaster or metasoma. The venation, especially that of the
hind wing, is reduced in size and has fewer veins and cells than in Symphyta. The larvae are
maggot-like and apodous; some have fleshy pseudopods on the thorax or abdomen which assist
in very limited locomotion but which are not homologous with the thoracic prolegs found in most
sawflies.
The majority of larval Apocrita, including the most primitive, are entomophagous. However,
phytophagy has developed independently in many higher groups such as some Chalcidoidea,
most Cynipoidea, a few Vespoidea and the Apoidea.
There are some fifteen times as many Apocrita recorded from North America as Symphyta.
However, it is virtually certain that this ratio will be substantially increased in the future when
the smaller Parasitica are more thoroughly collected and studied.
Taxonomy: Rasnitsyn, 1975. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Palaeont. Inst.,Trans. 147: 1-132, 8 pis.
(Mesozoic Apocrita). —Rasnitsyn, 1975. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Zool. Zhur. 54: 848-860, 1 pi.
(early evolution).
Division PARASITICA
By Paul M. Marsh and Robert W. Carlson
The divisional name applies to those groups of nonsocial Apocrita in which the ovipositor al-
ways retains the function of egg placement (i.e. is never modified to be only a stinging organ)
and in which the species: (1) are usually ectoparasites or endoparasites of other insects or
spiders, and, less frequently, phytophagous; (2) are never provisioners of nests; and (3) are
mostly incapable of stinging human beings. The latter fact appears to result largely from the
relative smallness of most Parasitica; they generally are not physically capable of piercing the
human epidermis with the ovipositor. However, collectors of Ichneumonidae know by experience
that a significant proportion of the species above median ichneumonid size are capable of sting-
ing humans. Whether any Parasitica of families other than Ichneumonidae are capable of sting-
ing humans is unknown to us, but it seems likely that a few of the largest Braconidae would
have this capability. Probably all or nearly all females of Parasitica, when grasped in ways that
do not restrict abdominal movement, make reflexive stinging movememts; similar defensive
movements are also made by males of at least some species. Some of the ectoparasitic members
of this division have stings which paralyze the host permanently, and the stings of ectoparasitic
species in general are more venemous than those of endoparasitic species (see Iwata, 1976).
However, there are presumably numerous species of both types which do not have venemous
stings.
The dividing point between the divisions Parasitica and Aculeata is rendered arbitrary by the
numerous ectoparasitic species (but no endoparasitic ones) as well as
fact that the latter includes
by the fact that there are no differences in biology or structure which apply to all the members
of either group. Recognition of the two groups is a matter of tradition and convenience.
The habits and life histories of Parasitica are too diverse to be delved into here. Limited
discussions will be found in the introductions for some of the genera and supergeneric taxa.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA
By Paul M. Marsh and Robert W. Carlson
Present data on numbers of species ranks the Ichneumonoidea as the largest superfamily of
Hymenoptera. It includes the bulk of the larger Parasitica, most ichneumonoids being over 5 mm
in length and a few being longer than 50 mm. A greater percentage of Ichneumonoidea than
other Parasitica have the ovipositor conspicuously exposed, but, on the other hand, a very sig-
nificant portion of Ichneumonoidea have ovipositors that protrude scarcely or not at all beyond
the median dorsal extremeties of the apical tergites. Townes (1975) discussed the Hymenoptera
(mostly Ichneumonoidea) with the longest ovipositors; he cited a species of IphiaidaxV
(Braconidae) with an ovipositor 14 times the length of the body.
The distinguishing characters of Ichneumonoidea are: the usual fusion of the costal and sub-
costal veins of the fore wing; the long antennae, which are usually more than 14-segmented; and
the 2-segmented hind trochanters (the other trochanters usually also being 2-segmented). The
characters are for the most part shared by the Braconidae, Aphidiidae, Hybrizontidae, Ichneu-
monidae, and Stephanidae, the five families here considered to comprise the Ichneumonoidea. In
the case of the Stephanidae, however, there is some question about the correctness of placement
in the Ichneumonoidea (see Townes, 1969, p. 3). The larval head capsule of stephanids is con-
siderably different from those of other ichneumonoid families (personal commun., J. R. T. Short,
1976), and in stephanids the costa and subcosta are more distinctly separated than in other
ichneumonoid families. Nevertheless, we believe it best to leave the Stephanidae in the Ichneu-
monoidea until further studies are made.
The Aphidiidae and Hybrizontidae are sometimes treated as subfamilies of Braconidae (see
van Achterberg, 1976). Some early 19th Century authors referred to the combination of the
latter three groups as the "Ichneumonidum adscitorum" (?unauthentic Ichneumonidae) which
they distinguished from the "Ichneumonidum genuinorum" (genuine Ichneumonidae). The
distinction largely resulted from Jurine's (1807) classification of the veins and cells of hymenop-
terous fore wings and his provision of terms for some of the veins and cells (e.g. "nervi recur-
rentes"). Eady (1974) provided an excellent discussion of the way in which the Jurinean system
of wing vein and cell nomenclature was modified and expanded by those who adopted Jurine's
ideas. He reviewed the systems of wing vein nomenclature which are currently used for
Braconidae and compared them with usages for Aphidiidae, Ichneumonidae, and other
Hymenoptera. He proposed an "interim method [in order] to overcome the more frequently vo-
iced objections to ... [the Comstock-Needham] system without adding to the confusion or ob-
structing progress toward uniformity."
It was apparently by mutual agreement that Gravenhorst (1819) and Nees ab Esenbeck (1819)
decided to specialize on the Ichneumonidorum genuinorum and Ichneumonidorum adscitorum,
respectively. In the papers referred to, they simultaneously outlined their plans for the mono-
graphs which are here cited in the sections to which they pertain. Thunberg (1822, 1824) chose to
144 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
ignore the revolutionary advances in classification made possible by the work of Jurine and
reverted to lumping all of the Ichneumonoidea under the generic name Ichneumon (see in-
troduction to Ichneumonidae). Consequently, Thunberg's work was largely ignored prior to
Roman's (1912) study of his type specimens.
The actual number of species in the Ichneumonoidea can only be estimated. The Braconidae
contains about 2,000 described species in North America and about 10,000 worldwide; the Ichne-
umonidae about 3,000 in North America and about 15,000 worldwide. However, the total number
of species is estimated to be 60,000 worldwide in the Ichnuemonidae (Townes, 1969, p. 7) and
40,000 in the Braconidae.
Except for Hybrizontidae and Stephanidae, the families of Ichneumonoidea occur in all zoo-
graphical regions and in all terrestrial habitats. In the Ichnuemonidae the Western Palearctic
fauna is best known followed by the Nearctic, whereas the reverse seems to be true for the
Braconidae. As in the case of Chalcidoidea, most of our knowledge of the Ichneumonoidea has
been derived from species of economic importance to agriculture. For the vast majority of spe-
cies, there is little or no knowledge of biology.
The ichneumonoids are parasitic on nearly all groups of insects as well as on spiders, and all
stages of these hosts are attacked. Aphidiidae, many Braconidae, and possibly Hybrizontidae
(hosts of latter unknown) attack paurometabolous insects, while no paurometabolous hosts are
known for Ichneumonidae or Stephanidae. The only ichneumonoids which attack adults of
holometabolous insects are certain euphorine and blacine Braconidae. Aside from the limitations
which have been mentioned, large numbers of Ichneumonoidea are polyphagous and the limits of
the host range seem to be related more to the host habitat than to the taxonomy of the host.
The only families of Ichneumonoidea which are known to include hyperparasitic species are
Ichneumonidae and Braconidae, but only a very few Braconidae could be regarded as hyper-
parasitic (i.e. a few Euphorinae which attack adult Ichneumonidae). The fact that hyper-
parasitism is much more prevalent in the Ichneumonidae than in the Braconidae is explained lar-
gely (but not in the case of mesochorine and eucerotine Ichneumonidae) by the fact that certain
Ichneumonidae have the habit of attacking hosts which are confined within silken cocoons (e.g.
sawfly prepupae, ichneumonoid prepupae, spider eggs, chrysopid eggs, etc.), while this habit has
not developed among Braconidae. Further discussion of host relations is deferred to the in-
troductions to the various taxa.
Taxonomy: Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt. 324 p. and 14 pi.
v. 1, — Gravenhorst,
1819 (1818). Nova Acta Leopoldina 9: 281-298. — Nees ab
Esenbeck, 1819 (1818). Nova
Acta Leopoldina 9: 299-310. —
Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg,
Mem. 8: 249-281 (key); 9: 285-368. -Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: viii and 220
p. (classification of Ichneumonoidea and Evanioidea). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala
1: 231-293. -Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: v and 186 p. (type-species of
Ichneumonoidea and Evanioidea). —Viereck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 129-150 (sup.
to Viereck, 1914). —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 2-7. — Eady, 1974. Jour. Ent.
(B) 43: 63-72. —Townes, 1975. Ent. News 86: 123-127. —van Achterberg, 1976. Tijdschr. v.
Ent. 119: 33-78.
Family BRACONIDAE
By Paul M. Marsh
This is a large and important group of mostly primary parasites. They are closely allied with
the Ichneumonidae and can be distinguished by the absence of the second recurrent vein in the
forewing. The classification used in this catalog departs somewhat from the former catalog but
is, nevertheless, a conservative arrangement and is based on studies made by Telenga (1952),
Tobias (1967) and Capek (1969, 1970). This arrangement reflects as much as possible relation-
ships among the groups with respect to morphology-larval as well as adult-and biology. The
subfamilies Doryctinae, Braconinae, Exothecinae and Rogadinae form a morphologically similar
group of unspecialized Braconidae called the Cyclostomi in reference to the circular opening
formed by the clypeus and mandibles. The Doryctinae, Braconinae and Exothecinae are ec-
toparasites of cryptic host larvae, usually permanently paralyzing the host, and are considered
to be the most primitive groups. The Rogadinae, which are endoparasites of lepidopterous lar-
vae, represent the transition from external to internal parasitism which is exhibited by the
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 145
Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Supl. 1, p. 18-36. —Marsh, 1963. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 56: 522-527 (key to subfam.). -Shenefelt, 1965. Beit. z. Ent. 15: 201-500
(literature on Braconidae). —Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 645-669. —Muesebeck, 1967. In
Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Supl. 2, p. 27-60. —Tobias, 1968.
Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., special issue, p. 3-43. —
Capek, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71:
304-312. —Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 1-176 (cat. World spp.). —Shenefelt, 1970.
Hym. Cat., parts 5 and 6, p. 177-428 (cat. World spp.). —Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102:
846-875. —Marsh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 841-850 (key to No. Amer. genera).
—Tobias, 1971. Trudy Vses. Ent. Obshc. 54: 156-268 (keys to subfamilies and genera;
English translation, 1975, Coop. State Res. Serv., U. S. Dept. Agr. and Nat. Sci. Found.).
-Shenefelt, 1972. Hym. Cat., part 7, p. 429-668 (cat. World spp.). —Shenefelt, 1973. Hym.
Cat., parts 9 and 10, p. 669-936 (cat. World spp.). —Capek, 1973. Acta Inst. Forestalls
Zoolenensis 1973: 259-268 (key to final instar larvae). —Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part
11, p. (cat. World spp.). -Dudarenko, 1974. Ent. Obozr. 53: 114-129. -Papp, 1974.
937-1113
Folia Ent. Hung. (N. S.) 27: 109-133. —Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1114-1262
(cat. World spp.). —Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1263-1424 (cat.
World spp.). —van Achterberg, 1976. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 119: 33-78 (key to subfam.).
Biology: Matthews, 1974. Ann. Rev. E'nt. 19: 15-32 (review of literature).
Morphology: Tobias and Dudarenko, 1974. Jour. Zool. 3: 65-72. —Dudarenko, 1974. Ent.
Obozr. 53: 114-129. —Tobias, 1975. Ent. Obozr. 54: 137-150.
Subfamily DORYCTINAE
This subfamily is probably the most primitive group of the Braconidae. Most species are ec-
toparasites of wood boring beetle larvae, but a few attack lepidopterous larvae and sawfly lar-
vae. Although the subfamily represents a large and rather homogeneous group of genera, it has
been divided into several subfamilies and tribes by past workers. It is treated here as defined by
Marsh (1965, 1967, 1970) which includes the subfamily Spathiinae of the previous catalog.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 668-699 (review of No. Amer. genera).
—Marsh, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 359-360 (status of tribes). —Marsh, 1970. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 72: 313 (notes on subfamily definition). —Marsh, 1973. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
Jour. 63: 69-72. -Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1263-1424 (cat. World
spp.).
Most of the North American species of this Western Hemisphere genus were incorrectly
placed in the genus Doryctinus prior to 1968. The meager host records suggest that parasitism
is restricted to the powder post beetles of the families Bostrichidae and Lyctidae.
Revision: Marsh, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 101-107 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1372-1373 (cat. World spp.).
146 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
ferrugineus Marsh. Pa. s. to Fla.; Miss., Mo., Tex. Host: Lyctus planicollis Lee.
Acrophasmiis ferrugineus Marsh, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 103. 9, d.
immigrans (Beardsley). N. C, S. C, Fla., La.; Hawaii. Host: Lyctus sp., L. striatus Melsh.
Doryctes iinmigrans Beardsley, 1961. Haw. Ent. Soc, Proc. 16: 362. 9.
Acrophasvms lycti Marsh, 1968. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 70: 105. 9, S.
Aivalykus Nixon, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc (B) 7: 152.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1352-1353 (cat. World spp.).
nearcticus Marsh. N. H., N. C, Fla., Tex. Host: Phloeotribus frontalis (Oliv.).
Aivalykus nearcticus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 677. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1265-1267 (cat. World spp.).
gallicola Gahan. Mass., Conn., Md., Va. Ecology: Reared from galls of Neuroterus
quercusbatatus (Fitch), Callirhytis semi7iosa (Bass.), and "old horned gall on pin oak."
Allorhogas gallicola Gahan, 1912. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 14: 4. 9, 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 147
pallidiceps (Perkins). Fla.; Hawaii, South Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, India, South Africa.
Ecology: Frequently reared from wood crates on ships. This species was probably
accidentally introduced into North and South America. Host: Oeme rigida (Say),
Xylotrechus quadripes Chev., Chlorophorus ammlaris F.
Ischiogo7uis pallidiceps Perkins, 1910. Fauna Haw. 2 (6): 684. 9, 6.
Doryctes strioliger Kieffer, 1921. Inst. Sci. Saigon, Bui. Agr. 3: 134. 9,6.
Monolexis brugirouxi Cheesman, 1928. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 1: 185. 9.
Revision: Marsh, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 240-246 (No. Amer. spp.).
bifasciatus (Ashmead). Maine s. Mo. and Tex.; Calif. Host: Anthaxia viridico-niis
to Fla., w. to
(Say), Mastogenins subcyaneus (Lee), Xylotrechus qnadrimacidatus (Hald.).
Pambolus bifasciatus Ashmead, 1892. Psyche 6: 289. 9, S.
stigmatus Marsh. N. J., Fla., La., Tex. Ecology: Reared from buprestid in avocado.
Callihonnius stigmatus Marsh, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 243. 9,6.
texanus Marsh. Fla., Tex.
Callihorrnius texanus Marsh, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 245. 9.
werneri Marsh. Ariz.
Callihorrnius werneri Marsh, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 246. 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1924. Arkiv f. Zool. 16: 38. —Marsh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 844.
—Marsh, 1973. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 63: 70. — Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat.,
part 13, p. 1373-1374 (cat. World spp.).
lignicola (Muesebeck). Pa., Md., N. C.
Polystenoides lignicola Muesebeck, 1950. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 52: 79. 9, 6.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 281-287 (No. Amer. spp.). —Nixon,
1939. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 8: 1-11 (Indian and African spp.). Telenga, 1941.
—
Fauna 0. S. S. R., v. 5, n. 3, pp. 72-80, 388-389 (some Eur. spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1269-1276 (cat. World spp.).
chansleri Marsh. N. Mex.
Dendrosoter chansleri Marsh, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 246. 9.
integer Muesebeck. Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Phloeosinus cupressi Hopk., P. setosus Bruck, P.
vandykei Swaine, Scolytus praeceps Lee.
Dendrosoter integer Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 287. 9,6.
protuberans (Nees). Va., Ohio, Mich., Wis., Mo., Colo.; Europe. Introduced from France. Host:
Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham).
Bracon protuberans Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 121. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 246.
Biology: Russo, 1938. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 2: 244-255 (in Italy). —Kennedy, 1970. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 351-358.
scaber Muesebeck. Mont., N. Mex., Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cylindrocopturus longulus (Lee),
Pityophthorus sp.
Dendrosoter scaber Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 286. 9, d.
scolytivorus (Viereck and Rohwer). S. Dak., Colo., Idaho, Ariz., Calif. Host: Ips confzisus
(Lee), /. oregonis (Fitch).
Caenopachys scolytivorus Viereck and Rohwer, 1913. In Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
45: 536. 6.
sulcatus Muesebeck. N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Wis. and Tex. Host: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.,
Ips avulsus (Eichh.), /. grandicollis (Eichh.).
Dendrosoter sulcatus Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 284. 9, <J.
Taxonomy: Marsh, Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 63: 70. —Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym.
1973.
World spp.).
Cat., part 13, p. 1277-1295 (cat.
anatolikus Marsh. Que. s. Minn, and N. Mex. Host: Agrilus bilineatus (Weber),
to Fla., w. to
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., Neoclytus acuminatus {¥.).
Doryctes anatolikus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 384. 9, cJ.
brachynervus Marsh. Ariz., Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Chrysobotkris caurina Horn.
Doryctes brachynervus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 386. 9, S.
buoculus Marsh. D. C, N. C.
Doryctes buoculus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 388. 9.
californicus Marsh. Alta., Calif.
Doryctes californicus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 388. 9, d.
erythromelas (Brulle). No. Amer. Host: Neoclytus acuminatus (F.).
Syngaster erythromelas Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 458. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 149
Syngaster nifiventris Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 458. 9.
Bracon radiatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 185. 9.
Bracon disjunctus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 186. 9.
Syngaster nigosus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 122. "6" =
Doryctes apacheus Viereck, 1907. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 383. <5 .
Doryctes femurrubrum Viereck, 1907. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 384. 9.
eucrinus Marsh. Calif.
Doryctes encrinus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 391. 9, cJ.
exhalans (Say). Ind.
Bracon exhalans Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye Phila. 1: 77. Holotype lost;
possibly same
species as erythromelas (Brulle).
fartus (Provancher). Canada, Alaska, northern U. S.
Syngaster fartus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 163. 9.
Syngaster macilentis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 163. 9,6.
Syngaster atripes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 122. 9.
Rhogas nigosuhis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 374. 9.
Rhysipolis^ biformis Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 68. 9, <J.
infuscus Marsh. Mass., Pa., Ark.
Doryctes infuscus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 394. 9.
macrocaudus Marsh. Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and Iowa.
Doryctes macrocaudus Marsh, 1969 (1968). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 94: 394. 9, S.
maculipennis Rohwer. Ariz., Calif. Host: Agrilus angelicus Horn, Anthaxia sp., Chramesus
sp.
Doryctes maculipennis Rohwer, 1919. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 21: 7. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 21-22. — Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976.
Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1344-1352 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Russo, 1938. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 2: 287-307 (Ecphyhis sileseacus (Ratz.) in
Italy). —Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 679-680.
arcuatus Muesebeck. Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Scolytus subscaber Lee, S. ventralis Lee.
Ecphylus arcuatus Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 23. 9, d.
bicolor Rohwer. Wyo., B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Pityogenes kneckteli Swaine.
Ecphylus bicolor Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 540. 9.
Ecphylus pityogeni Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 690. Nom. nud.
californicus Rohwer. Mont., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Phloeosinus cupressi Hopk., P.
punctatus Lee, P. sequoiae Hopk., P. setosus Bruck, P. swainei Bruck, P. vandykei
Swaine, Pseudohyle sinus nebulosus (Lee), Scolytus sp., S. lands Blkm., S. unispinosus
Lee.
Ecphylus californicus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 539. 9.
chramesi Marsh. Tex., Ariz. Host: Chramesus sp. The original description states that this
species was reared from Chramesus robiniae but this is apparently a manuscript
species name.
Ecphylus chramesi Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 689. 9,6.
costaricensis Matthews. Md., D. C; Costa Rica. Host: Styphlosoma granulatum Blandf. (in
Costa Rica).
Ecphylus costaricensis Matthews, 1969. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 4:117. 9,6.
flavus Marsh. Miss., La. Host: Lyctus sp., Xylobiops basilaris (Say).
Ecphylus flavus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58:687. 9,6.
hicoriae Rohwer. N. Y., Pa., N. C. Host: Scolytus quadrispinosus Say.
Ecphylus hicoriae Rohwer, 1919. Canad. Ent. 51:161. 9, 6.
hubbardi Rohwer. Ariz.
Ecphyhis hubbardi Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45:538. 9.
hypothenemi Ashmead. Mass., Ohio, W. Va., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Wash., Calif. Host:
Hypothenemus sp., Pityophthorus sp., P. hopkinsi (Blkm.).
Ecphylus hypothenemi Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 215. 9,6.
Paraecphylus websteri Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 147. 9.
kansensis Marsh. Kans.
Ecphyhis kansensis Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 682. 9.
leechi Marsh. Calif. Host: Pseudopityophthorus piibipennis (Lee).
Ecphyhis leechi Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 681. 9, <J.
leptosulcus Marsh. Ohio, W. Va., N. C. Host: Pityophthorus sp., P. liquidambarus Blkm.,
Pseudopityophthorus yninutissimus (Zimm.), P. pruinosiis (Eichh.).
Ecphylus leptosulcus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 683. 9,6.
lepturgi Rohwer. N. C, Kans., N. Mex., Nev. Host: Pityophthorus sp., Urgleptes facetus (Say).
Ecphyhis lepturgi Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 540. 9.
lyctiRohwer. Fla., Tex., Calif. Host: Leperisinus californicus Swaine, Lyctus sp., L. planicollis
Lee, Synoxylon sp.
Ecphylus lycti Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 538. 9.
nigriceps Ashmead. W. Va.
Ecphylus nigriceps Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 216. 9.
optilus Marsh. Fla. Host: Pityophthorus sp.
Ecphylus optilus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 683. 9,6.
pacificus Marsh. S. Dak. s. to Colo., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Cryphalus pubescens Hopk.,
Pityogenes knechteli Swaine, Pityophthorus sp., P. carmeli Swaine.
Ecphylus pacificus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 686. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 151
Biology: Deyrup, 1975. Conif. For. Biome, Ecosystem Anal. Stu., Univ. Wash., Bui. 6, p.
79-80.
Ecphylus pallidus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 215. 9, 6.
rohweri Muesebeck. N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.
Ecphylus schwarzi Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 538. 9. Preocc. by Ashmead,
1900.
Ecphylus rohweri Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 23. N. name for schwarzi
Rohwer.
schwarzii (Ashmead). N. Y. s. to N. C. Host: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., Pityophthorus sp.
Sactopus schwarzii Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 146. S.
Ecphylus johnsoni Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 539. 9.
texanus Brues. Tex.
Ecphylus texanus Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 111. 9.
unifasciatus Marsh. Tex.
Ecphylus unifasciatus Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 685. 9.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat, part 13, p. 1354-1357 (cat. World spp.).
sulcatus Curtis. Fla., Colo., Ariz., Calif.; Europe. Probably adventive. Host: Acmaeodera sp.
Hecabolus sulcatus Curtis, 1834. Brit. Ent., v. 11, p. 507. 9.
Anisopelma belgicum Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 135. 9.
A predominately Western Hemisphere genus with a large number of species, most of which
are undescribed. Most species, where records are available, are parasites of coleopterous larvae,
but a few species attack lepidopterous larvae, and one Holarctic species is a parasite of sawfly
larvae.
Revision: Fischer, 1960. Polskie Pismo Ent. 30: 33-64 (Eur. spp.).
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 210-214 (lectotype desig. No. Amer. spp.).
-Marsh, 1973. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 63: 70. -Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat.,
part 13, p. 1298-1313 (cat. World spp.).
aciculatus (Provancher). Calif.
Macrocentrus aciculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 380.
9.
anobiidivorus Muesebeck. Fla. Host: Falsogastrallus librinocens (Fish.).
Heterospilus anobiidivorus Muesebeck, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41: 62. 9.
anthaxiae (Ashmead). Pa. s. to Fla., w. to Wis. and Iowa. Host: Agrilus sp., Anthaxia
viridicomis (Say).
Caenophanes anthaxiae Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 77. 9, 6.
Biology: Hill and Smith, 1931. Jour. Agr. Res. 43: 597-609.
chittendenii (Ashmead). Va.
Caenophanes chittendenii Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 77. 9, 6.
consimilis (Ashmead). U. S.
Caenophanes consimilis Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 75. 9.
etiellae Rohwer. Fla.; Puerto Rico. Host: Etiella zinckenella (Treit.), Fundella pellucens Zell.
Heterospilus etiellae Rohwer, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 179. 9, <J.
eurostae Viereck. Conn., Pa. Ecology: Reared from galls of Eurosta solidagijiis (Fitch).
Heterospilus eurostae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22: 238. 9.
leptostyli Rohwer. Maine, N. Y., Pa., Va., N. C. Host: Amniscus colhris Hald.
Heterospilus leptostyli Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 536. 9,6.
liopodis (Brues). Mass., Md. Host: Stemidius alpha (Say).
Coeloides liopodis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 79. 9.
longicaudus (Ashmead). Mass. s. to Fla., Ala., and Miss. Host: Xyletinus peltatus (Harr.).
Caenopkanes longicaudus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 75. 9.
melanocephalus Rohwer. Tex. Host: Olycella junctolineella (Hulst), Pseudoschinia elaufalis
(Grote).
Heterospihis melanocephalus Rohwer, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 181. 9.
melleus (Ashmead). Md., Fla. Host: Eteobalea sernotella (Chamb.), Gnorimoschema
gallaeasteriella (Kell.).
Caenophanes melleus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 77. 9, 6.
Russellella Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 178. N. name
for Russellia Muesebeck.
Revision: Marsh, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 359-364 (No. Amer. spp.).
154 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
astigma (Ashmead). Que., Pa., Md., W. Va., Va., N. C, Ohio, Iowa, Okla., Tex., Wyo., Utah,
Mexico. Host: Agrilus sp., A. difficilis Gory, A. politiis (Say).
Ariz., Calif.;
Heterospilns astigyna Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 215. S.
/
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1970. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 72: 313-317. — Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976.
Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1316-1318 (cat. World spp.).
aquilonius Marsh. Tex.; Mexico, Guatemala.
Liobracon aquilonius Marsh, 1970. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 72: 314. 9, <J.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 677-678. —Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976.
Hym. Cat, part 13, p. 1358-1360 (cat. World spp.).
fuscicornis Foerster. Cosmopolitan. Host: Lyctus bninneus (Steph.), L. linearis (Goeze), L.
planicollis Lee, Trogoxylon parallelopipedum (Melsh.).
Monolexis fuscicomis Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 237.
Anisopehna lycti Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. 3: 24. 9, 6.
Anisopelma utilis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. 3: 24. 9, <J.
Anisopelma minima Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. 3: 24. 9.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1365-1366 (cat. World spp.).
californicus Rohwer. Calif.
Odotitobracon californicus Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 169. 9,6.
cellulus Marsh. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico.
Odontobracon cellulus Marsh, 1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 279. 9,6.
grandis Ashmead. Ariz.; Baja Calif.
Odontobracon grandis Ashmead, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 122. 9.
nigriceps Cameron. Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Utah, and Ariz.; Mexico, Guatemala. Host:
Elaphidionoides villosum (F.), Oncideres cingulata (Say), 0. rhodosticta (Bates).
Odontobracon nigriceps Cameron, 1887. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 385. 9.
Odontobracon elaphidiovorus Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 168. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 155
oemeovorus Rohwer. Pa., Md., Fla., Ala., Mich., 111., Tex. Host: Oeme
rigida (Say).
Odontobracon oemeovorus Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 167. 9.
Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1322-1327 (cat. World spp.).
antica (WoUaston). N. H. s. to W. Va.; Europe.
Clinocentnis anticus Wollaston, 1858. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1: 24. 9.
Doryctes gallicus Reinhard, 1865. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 9: 248. 9, d.
Doryctes incertus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 627. 9.
carinata (Ashmead). Mass., D. C, Va., Iowa, Mo., Ark., S. Daki, Kans.
Rhyssalus carinatus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 630. S.
Pioscelus Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 180.
Taxonomy: Matthews and Marsh, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 94-98.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1973. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 63: 72. — Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym.
Cat., part 13, p. 1334-1343 (cat. World spp.).
atratus Marsh. N. H., Mass., N. Y., Md., Mich., Minn.
Rhaconotus atratus Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 392. 9,6.
badius Marsh. Ind., Nebr., Alta., Wash.
Rhaconotus badius Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 393. 9.
barri Marsh. Idaho. Ecology: Reared from Eurotia lantana Moq. infested with Acmaeodera
immaculata Horn.
Rhaco7iotus barri Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 394. 9,6.
brevicaudus Marsh. Mass., Ont.
Rhaconotus brevicaudus Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 395 9.
canadensis Marsh. Sask.
Rhaconotus canadensis Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 396. 9, 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 157
cressoni Muesebeck and Walkley. Md. s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Nev., and Calif.; Mex. Host:
C ylindrocopturus adspersus (Lee), Lixus scrobicollis Boh.
Hormius/ aciculatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 190. 9. Preocc. by Ruthe,
1854.
Rhacoywtus cressoni Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p.
181. N. name for aciculatus Cresson.
fasciatus (Ashmead). Md. s. to Fla., w. to Iowa and Tex. Host: Conotrachelus sp., Lixus
concavus Say.
Honuiopterus fasciatus Ashmead, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 43. 9.
g^raciliformus (Viereck). Md. s. to Fla., w. to Iowa, Colo., and Ariz.; N. Dak., Alta.
Honyiiopterus graciliformus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 183. 9, S.
phalarus Marsh. Tex.
Rhaconotus phalarus Marsh, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 401. 9.
Rhoptrocentrus Marshall, 1897. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5 bis, p. 99.
Type-species: Rhoptrocentrus piceus Marshall. Monotypic.
piceus Marshall. Pa. s. to Fla.; Calif.; Europe. Host: Hylotrupes bajulus (L).
Rhoptrocentrus piceus Marshall, 1897. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5 bis, p. 100. 9.
Spathius Nees, 1818. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Car. 9: 301.
Type-species: Cryptus clavatus Panzer. Monotypic.
Stenophasvius Smith, 1859. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 3: 169.
Type-species: Stenophasmus ruficeps Smith. Monotypic.
Euspathius Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 19: 236. Emend.
Rhacospathius Cameron, 1905. Spolia Zeylanica 3: 86.
Type-species: Rhacospathius striolatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Revision: Nixon, 1943. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 93: 173-456 (Old World spp.).
— Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contr. 4(5): 1-86 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p. 1386-1424 (cat. World spp.).
aphenges Matthews. Alta., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Conophthonis coniperda
(Schwarz), Ips latidens (Lee), Phloeotribus lecontei Schedl, Scolytus abietis Blkm.
Spathius aphenges Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contr. 4(5): 51. 9, 6.
benefactor Matthews. Que. s. to N. C, w. to N. Dak. and Kans. Host: Hylurgopinus rufipes
(Eichh.), Leperisinus aculeatus (Say), Magdalis armicollis (Say), M. barbita (Say), M.
inconspicua Horn, Saperda tridentata Oliv., Scolytus multistriatxis (Marsham), S.
nigulostis Ratz. This species has been studied extensively under the name canadensis
Ashmead. According to Matthews (1970), all references to Spathius reared from elm
refer to benefactor, not to canadensis.
Spathius benefactor Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contr. 4(5): 61. 9, S.
Biology: Kaston, 1937. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396, p. 351-353. —
Kaston, 1939. Conn. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 420, p. 33-35. —Robert, 1951. Assoc. Canad.-Fr. Adv. Sci., Ann. 17: 139-140.
—Robert, 1961 (1960). Ent. Soc. Que., Ann. 6: 122-143. All references are to canadensis
Ashmead.
brachyurus Ashmead. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wis. and Tenn. Host: Dryocoetes autographus
(Ratz.), Pissodes approximatus Hopk., P. strobi (Peck).
Rhopalophonis fasciatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 129.
9. Preocc. by Walker, 1874.
Spathius abdo7ninalis Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2:
350. Norn. nud.
Spathius brevicaudus Ashmead, 1892. In Hopkins, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 258.
Nom. nud.
Spathius brachyurus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 73. 9.
158 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Spathius digitus Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 169. N.
name for fasciatiis Provancher.
brevipalpus Matthews. N. C, S. C, Tex.
Spathius brevipalpus Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contr. 4 (5): 29. 9.
brunneus Ashmead. Md., W. Va., Fla. Host: Agrilus fallax Say, Scolytus muticus Say.
Spathius brunneus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 72. 9.
calligaster Matthews. Que. s. to S. C, w. to 111. Host: Melasis pectinicomis Melsh.
Spathius calligaster Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contr. 4(5): 35. 9, 6.
canadensis Ashmead. Canada and northern U. S. s. to N. C, S. Dak., and Wash. Host:
Cryphalus sp., Dryocoetes autographus (Ratz.), Ips pini (Say), Orthotomicus caelatus
(Eichh.),Pityophthonis balsameus Blkm., Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby), Scolytus
piceae (Swaine). Host records for canadensis reared from elm apparently all refer to
benefactor Matthews.
Spathius canadeiisis Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 2. 9.
Spathius clavipennis (!) Ashmead, 1892. In Hopkins, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 257.
Nom. nud.
Spathius claripennis Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 72. 6.
Spathius tomici Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 71. 9, cJ.
comes Matthews. N. S. and Que. s. to Md., w. to Wis. Host: Chrysobothris pusilla Cast.,
Biology: Deyrup, 1975. Conif. For. Biome, Ecosystem Anal. Stu., Univ. Wash., Bui. 6, p.
76-77.
simillimus Ashmead. N. B. s. to Va., w. to Wis. Host: Agrilus anxius Gory, A. bilineatus
(Weber), Phymatodes aereum (Newman).
Spathius simillimus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 73. 9, 6.
stigmatus Matthews. Que. s. to Va., w. to Ont. and 111.; Tex. Host: Magdalis olyra (Herbst),
Xyloterinus politus (Say).
Spathius stigmatus Matthews, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst, Contr. 4(5): 32. 9, 6.
trifasciatus Riley. N. Y. s. to N. C; Miss., Mo., Kans., Tex. Host: Scolytus qiiadrispi7iosus Say.
Spathius trifasciatus Riley, 1873. Ins. Mo. Ann. Rpt. 5: 106. 9, 6.
Spathius unifasciatus Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 72. 9.
Subfamily BRACONINAE
Most species of this large subfamily are external parasites of lepidopterous and coleopterous
larvae, but a few attack dipterous and sawfly larvae. The group is very much in need of study,
particularly the genera from a world-wide viewpoint.
provancheri (Dalla Torre). Que., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., La., Ark.
Bracon inquisitor Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 138. 9. Preocc. by Erichson, 1848.
Bracon provayicheri Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 285. New name for inquisitor
Provancher.
Atanycolimorpha winnemanae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 557. 9.
Species in this genus are external parasites of coleopterous larvae, particularly Cerambycidae
and Buprestidae.
Revision: Shenefelt, 1943. Wash. State Col, Res. Studies 11: 51-163 (No. Amer. spp.).
anocomidis Cushman. Que. s. to Pa. and Tex., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Acanthocinus sp.,
impressifrons Shenefelt. N. Y., Pa., Md., W. Va., N. C, Mich., La., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.,
Calif. Host:
Megacyllene sp.
Atanycolus impressifrons Shenefelt, 1943. Wash. State Col., Res. Studies 11: 101. 9, i.
latabdominalis Shenefelt. 111.
Atanycolus latabdominalis Shenefelt, 1943. Wash. State Col., Res. Studies 11: 119. 9.
lineola (Brulle). "Carolina."
Bracon lineola Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. ,
v. 4, p. 397. 9.
rugosiventris (Ashmead). Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Ariz. Host: Chrysobothris femorata
(Oliv.).
Bracon rugosive7itris Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 131. 9, 6.
Atanycolidea apicalis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 45: 533. 6, "9" = 6.
simplex (Cresson). No. Amer. Host: Agrilus bilineatus (Weber), Chrysobothris sp.,
Phymatodes aereus (Newm.), Rhaginm inquisitor (L.), Saperda discoidea F., S.
tridentata Oliv, Xylotrechus sp., X. nauticus (Mann.).
Bracon simplex Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 184. 9.
tranquebaricae Shenefelt. Fla.; Bahamas. Host: Chrysobothris tranquebarica (Gmel).
Atanycolus tranquebaricae Shenefelt, 1943. Wash. State Col, Res. Studies 11: 134. 9, 6.
triangulifera (Viereck). Ariz.
Iphiaulax triangulifera Viereck, 1907. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 384. 9.
ulmicola (Viereck). Que,, s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Ariz. Host: Saperda discoidea F., S.
trideyitata Oliv.
Melanobracon ulmicola Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 176. 9,6.
Biology: Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui 396, p. 355-358.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 67 (8): 1-85 (No. Amer. spp.).
162 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
acrobasidis Muesebeck. N. J., Fla., Ark. Host: Acrobasis caryae Grote, A. caryivorella Rag., A.
comptoniella Hulst.
Bracon acrobasidis Muesebeck, 1963. Ent. News 74: 158. 9,6.
aequalis Provancher. Canada.
Bracon aeqitalis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 141. 9.
agathymi Muesebeck. Tex., Ariz. Host: Agathymiis mcalpinei (Freem.), A. neumoegini (Edw.).
Bracon agathymi Muesebeck, 1963. Ent. News 74: 157. 9, i.
americanus (Ashmead). N. S., Que., Iowa, Colo., Idaho, Ariz., Yukon.
Trackyusa americana Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 18. 6.
analcidis Ashmead. Ky., Tenn., Iowa, Mo., Ark. Host: Sphenophorus parvuhis Gyll., Tyloderma
fragariae (Riley).
Bracon analcidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 619. 9.
angelesius Provancher. Calif. Host: Euura sp., Pontania sp. This species is also recorded from
a dipterous gall on Mimidus which needs to be confirmed.
Bracon angelesius Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 372. 9.
Bracon cecidomyiae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 616. 9.
Bracon euurae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 621. 9.
apicatus Provancher, N. Y., Ga., Ont., Mich.
Bracon apicatus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 143. 9.
argutator Say. S. C, Ind., Iowa, Mo., Tex. Host: Saluria sp.
Bracon argutator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 253. 9.
atricollis Ashmead. Mass., Conn., N. J., Del., Va., Ga., Fla., Ohio, Mich., 111., Mo., S. Dak., Wash.
Bracon atricollis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 622. 9. •
Microbracon naivaasonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22, p. 207.
bembeciae (Walley). B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Pennisetia marginata (Harr.).
Microbracon bembeciae Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 186. 9.
brachyurus Ashmead. Ont., Iowa, Tenn.
Bracon brachyurus Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 1. 9.
brcvicornis Wesmael. No. Amer.(?); Europe, Asia, No. Africa. Introduced from Europe, Asia,
and North Africa. Liberated in several states and provinces but not known to be
established. Host: Heliothis virescens (F.), H. zea (Boddie), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.).
Bracon brevicomis Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 23. 9, cJ.
Biology: Nelson and Farstad, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 103-107. —Holmes, et al, 1963. Canad.
Ent. 95: 113-126.
cerambycidiphagus (Muesebeck). Pa., Ont., Mich., Wis., Mo. Host: Dectes texanus Lee, Oberea
sp., 0. praelonga Casey, 0. tripunctata (Swed.).
Microbracon cerambycidiphagus Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 76. 9, 6.
cinctus (Provancher). Canada.
Phylax cinctus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 175. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 163
Biology: Poos, 1928. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 30: 149. -Gupta, 1951. Nature 168: 793.
—Narayanan and Rao, 1955. Beitr. z. Ent. 5: 36-60. —Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
58: 284. -Ahmad and Muzaffar, 1976. Entomophaga 21: 235-238.
Morphology: Narayanan and Rao, 1955. Beitr. z. Ent. 5: 286-293 (female reproductive
system).
164 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gemmaecola (Cushman). Mass., Conn., N. J., Md., Va., Fla., Ohio, Tenn., Mo., Ark., N. Dak., S.
Dak., Nebr., Tex., Mont., Colo., Ariz. Host: Rhyacionia bnoliana (Schiff.), R.frustrana
(Comst.), R. bushyielli (Busck), R. neomexicana (Dyar), R. subtropica Miller.
Microbracon gemmaecola Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 740. 9, i .
geraei (Muesebeck). N. J., Fla., Ohio, Iowa, Ark., S. Dak., Kans., Ariz. Host: Geraeus sp.,
Trichobaris sp.
Microbracon geraei Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 74. 9, 6.
gossypii Muesebeck. S. C, Ga., Fla., Miss., Ark., La., Tex. Host: Anthonomus grandis Boh.
Bracon gossypii Muesebeck, 1963. Ent. News 74: 161. 9,6.
gracilis (Provancher). Que.
Phylax gracilis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 131. S.
hebctor Say. Cosmopolitan. Host: Anagasta kuehniella (Zell.), Cadra caiitella (Wlkr.),
Ephestia elutella (Hbn.), Galleria mellonella (L.), Laetilia coccidivora (Comst.), Moodna
sp., Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), Plodia interpunctella (Hbn.), Sitotroga cerealella
(Oliv.), Vitula edmansae (Pack.).
Bracon hebetor Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 252. 9,6.
Bracon dorsator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 253. 9,6.
Bracon juglandis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 621. 6.
Habrobracon beneficientior Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 182. 9,6.
Bracon breviantennatus de Stefani, 1919. Inform. R. R. Osserv. Fitopatol. e Intorno ad
Alcuni Ins. Dannosi alle Derr. Aliment., Min. Agr. (Palermo, Italy), p. 44. 9, 6.
Habrobracon pectinophorae Watanabe, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 10: 44. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Lai, 1946. Indian Jour. Ent. 8: 85-88. — Puttarudriah and Channa Basavanna,
1956. Bui. Ent. Res. 47: 183-191.
Biology: Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427, p. 39-40 (as Habrobracon johannseni Vier.).
—Payne, 1933. Biol. Bui. 65: 187-205. —Payne, 1934. Ecol. Monog. 4: 1-46. —Clover and
Chatterjee, 1936. Indian Acad. Sci., Proc. 3: 195-211. —Harries, 1937. Ohio Jour. Sci. 37:
165-171. —
Soliman, 1940. Soc. Fouad d'Ent, Bui. 24: 215-247. —
Soliman, 1941. See. Fouad
d'Ent., Bui. 25: 1-97. —Martin, 1947. Introduct. Genetics Habrobracon juglandis Ashm., 205
p. —Beard, 1952. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 562, p. 1-27.
—
Kanungo, 1955. Current
Sci. 24: 59. —
Grosch, La Chance, and Sullivan, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48: 415-416.
— Grosch, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52: 294-298. —Clark, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56:
616-619. —Rotary and Gerling, 1973. Environ. Ent. 2: 134-138.
Morphology: Schluter, 1933. Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Oekol. der Tiere 27: 488-517. —Bender, 1943.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 36: 537-545. -Grosch, 1952. Jour. Morph. 91: 221-236.
helianthi (Muesebeck). Fla., Tex. Host: Isophrictis sp.
Microbracon helianthi Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (7): 1. 9, 6.
hemimenae (Rohwer). Md., Fla. Host: Hemimene plummeriana (Busck).
Microbracon hemimenae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 232. 9.
hobomok (Viereck). Conn., N. Y., Md., Mich., Iowa.
Microbracon hobomok Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22, p. 208.
hyslopi (Viereck). Colo., Idaho, Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cnephasia longana (Haw.),
Etiella zinckenella schisticolor Zell., Hypera nigrirostris (F.), Platyptiiia carduidactyla
(Riley), P. williamsii Grin.
Microbracon hyslopi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 142. 9.
jani Muesebeck. MiYin., Miss. Host: Janus abbreviatus (Say).
Bracon jani Muesebeck, 1963. Ent. News 74: 164. 9,6.
juncicola Ashmead. N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., N. Dak., and Tex.; Utah, B. C. Host:
Coleophora alniella Heinr., C. laricella (Hbn.), C. viburniella Clem., Etiella zinckenella
(Treit.), Keiferia inconspicuella (Murtf.), K lycopersicella (Wlsm.).
Bracon juncicola Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 620. 9.
Bracon melanaspis Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 1. 9.
Microbracon sebequanash Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22, p. 206. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 165
kirkpatricki (Wilkinson). Tex.?, Ariz.?; Africa. Introduced from Kenya. Liberated in Tex. and
Ariz, but not known to be established. Host: Anthonomous grandis Boh., Pectinophora
gossypiella (Saund.).
Microbracon kirkpatricki Wilkinson, 1927. Bui. Ent. Res. 18: 33. 9, cJ.
Biology: Cross, et a/., 1969. Jour. Econ. Ent. 62: 448-454. —Bryan, et al., 1971. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 64: 1236-1241. — Engroff and Watson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 1121-1125.
konkapoti (Viereck). Conn.
Microbracon konkopoti Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22, p. 207.
laemosacci (Muesebeck). Ariz. Host: Laemosaccus sp.
Microbracon lae^nosacci Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 56. 9, 6.
laspeyresiae (Walley). Ont., Ga. Host: Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch).
Microbracon laspeyresiae Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 58. 9, S.
lineatellae (Fischer). Calif.(?); Middle East. Introduced from Lebanon. Liberated in Calif, but
not known to be established. Host: Anarsia lineatella Zell.
Habrobracon lineatellae Fischer, 1968. Pflanzenschutz-Berichte 37: 98. 9, 6.
Biology: Somsen and Luginbill, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1153, p. 1-7.
lutus Provancher. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Ont., Iowa, and Tenn. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harr.),
Archanara oblonga (Grote), Epiblema scudderianiim (Clem.), Hendecaneura shawiana
(Kearf.), Lixus scrobicollis Boh., Papaipema lysimachiae Bird, P. nebris (Guen.).
Bracon lutus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 142. 9.
Bracon lixi Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 67. 9.
mellitor Say. No. Amer.; Hawaii. Host: Acrobasis vaccinii Riley, Anthonomus albopilosus
Dietz, A. eugenii Cano, A. fulvus Lee, A. grandis Boh., A. signatus Say, A. squamosus
Lee, Craponius i7iaequalis (Say), Chalcodemius aeneus Boh., Conotrachelus neyiuphar
(Hbst.), Cylas formicarius elegantuius (Sum.), Elasmopalpus ligywselhis Zell,
Frumenta nundinella (Zell), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Homoeosoma electellum
(Hulst), Hypera nigrirostris (F.), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), Leyna collaris Say,
Mompha stellella Busck, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), Paralobesia vitea^ia (Clem.),
Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.), Platyptilia sp., Rhinocyllus conicus (Froel),
Rhyacionia adana Heinr., R.fnistrana (Comst), Rhynchites bicolor (F.), Smicraulax
tuberculatus Pierce, Smicronyx constrictus (Say), S. scapalis (Lee), Sparganothis
siilphurana (¥.), Stibadium spumosum Grote, Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (Say),
Tyloderma foveolata (Say).
Bracon mellitor Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 256. S.
Bracon xanthostigma Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 303. 9.
Bracon vemoniae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 11: 619. 9 {6 misdet.).
Bracon anthonoyni Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 185. i.
Microbracon pembertoni Bridwell, 1919 (1918). Hawaii Ent. Soc, Proc. 4: 115. 9, 6.
Biology: Folsom, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29: 111-116. —Adams, Cross, and MitcheU, 1969.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 62: 889-895. —
McGovern and Cross, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67:
520-521. — Barfield, BottreH, and Smith, 1977. Environ. Ent. 6: 133-137.
meromyzae Gahan. Del, Md., Ohio, Mich., Minn., Iowa, Ark., N. Dak., S. Dak., Kans., Idaho,
Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Meromyza americana Fitch.
Bracon (Tropidobracon) meromyzae Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 46: 432. 9, cJ.
Biology: Parker, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1036, p. 8-11. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 87.
pini (Muesebeck). N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, Vt., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Va., Ont., Mich.,
Alta., Mont., Colo., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cylindrocoptums fumissi
Buch., C. longulus (Lee), Pissodes fasciatus Lee, P. strobi (Peck), P. schwarzi Hopk., P.
terminalis Hopping, Podapion gallicola Riley.
Microbracon pini Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 67 (8): 52. 9, 6.
podunkorum (Viereck). Conn., Va., Ohio, Mich., Iowa, Mo. Host: Aristotelia absconditella
(Wli<r.).
Microbracon podunkorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22, p. 207.
fragariae (W. and R.), Archips rosanus (L.), Argyrotaenia pinatubana (Kearf.), A.
velntinana (Wlkr.), Choristoneura conflictana (Wlkr.), C.fumiferana (Clem.), C.
occidentalis Freem., C. parallela (Rob.), C. pinus Freem., C. rosaceana (Harr.),
C onotrachelus nenuphar (Hbst.), Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Grapholitha molesta
(Busck), Payidemis laynprosana (Rob.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Rhyacionia
buoliana (Schiff.).
Habrobracon politiventris Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 517. 9.
quinnipiacorum (Viereck). Conn., N. J., Pa., Md., Va., Fla., Mich., Ind., Tenn., Iowa, Ark., S.
Dak., Tex., Ariz.
Microbracon quinnipiacorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 207.
radicis Shenefelt. Wis. Host: Hylobius radicis Buch.
Bracon radicis Shenefelt, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 872. 9, S.
rhyacioniae (Muesebeck). Que. w. to Sask.; N. Dak., S. Dak., Nebr., Mont., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.,
Idaho, Calif. Host: Barbara colfaxiana (Kearf.), Dioryctria auranticella (Grote),
Eacosma recissoriana Heinr., E. tocullionana Heinr., Laspeyresia yoimgana (Kearf.),
Rhyacionia fnistrana (Comst.), R. bushnelli (Busck), R. neomexicana (Dyar).
Microbracon rhyacioniae Muesebeck, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (16): 15. 9, i.
rhyssomati Ashmead. Ohio, 111. Host: Rhyssomatus annectans Casey, R. lineaticollis (Say).
Bracon rhyssemati Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 46. 6.
sanninoideae (Gahan). Ont. s. to Ga., w. to Wis., Kans., and Ark. Host: Alcathoe caudata
(Harr.), Podosesia syringae fraxini Lugg., Synanthedon exifiosa (Say), S. rhododendri
(Beut.).
Microbracon sanninoideae Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 196. 9, S.
scanticorum (Viereck). Conn., 111.
Microbracon scanticorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22, p. 207.
sesiae (Muesebeck). Conn., N. Y., Colo. Host: Janus integer (Nort.), Syyianthedon tipuliforrnis
(Clerck).
Microbracon sesiae Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 53. 9, S.
sphenophori (Muesebeck). Mo., Ark. Host: Sphenophonis callosus (OHv.).
Microbracon sphenophori Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 25. 9, 6.
sulcifrons (Ashmead). Colo.
Microbracon sulcifrons Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 15. 6.
tachypteri (Muesebeck). N. Y., W.
Va., Wis., Kans., Colo. Host: Tachypterellus consors cerasi
List, T. quadrigibbus (Say), T. q. magrias List.
Microbracon tachypteri Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 68. 9.
tenuiceps (Muesebeck). Que. s. to Va. and Tenn., w. to Ont. and Kans.; Tex., Idaho, Nev., Wash.
Host: Hypera meles (F.), H. nigrirostris (F.).
Microbracon tenuiceps Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 46. 9.
tenuis Muesebeck and Walkley. Alaska.
Macrodyctiiim politimi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 252. 9 Preocc. by .
Provancher, 1888.
Microbracon ashmeadi Muesebeck, 1925. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (8): 42. N. name for
politum Ashmead; preocc. by Morrison, 1917.
Bracon tenuis Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 168. N.
name for ashmeadi Muesebeck.
terebella Wesmael. N. Y., Pa., Ohio; Europe. Host: Cephus cinctus Nort., C. pygmaeus (L.),
Tracheitis tabidus (F.). This species was also introduced into Ont., N. Dak., and Mont,
from Europe but apparently not established.
Braco terebella Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 57. 9.
Biology: Nickels, Pierce, and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011, p. 9-12.
—Balduf, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 467-468.
wawequa (Viereck). Conn.
Microbracon wawequa Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22, p. 206.
xanthonotus Ashmead. N. H., Va., Minn., Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg.,
Calif. Host: Malacosonia califomicuni califomicum (Pack.), M. c. fragile (Stretch), M. c.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 169
50: 909-913
Morphology: Richerson, Borden, and Hollingdale, 1972. Canad. Jour. Zool.
(antenna).
crocator (Kirby). No. Amer. ("lat. 65").
Bracon crocator Kirby, 1837. Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 261. 9.
Biology: De Leon, 1935. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 28: 411-424. -Reid, 1963. Canad.
Ent. 95:
233-235. —Deyrup, 1975. Conif. For. Biome Ecosystem Anal. Stud., Univ. of Wash., Bui. 6,
p. 90.
Bracon {Melanobracon) webbi Viereck, 1909. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Bui. 58: 54. 9.
faustus (Cresson). Kans., Tex., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Ataxia sp., A. hubbardi Fish.
Bracon faustus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 185. 9.
orbita (Brulle). D. C.
Bracon orbita Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 399. 9.
Subfamily EXOTHECINAE
The genera in this group were included in the Rogadinae in the previous catalog although they
were placed in a distinct subfamily by earlier workers. Separation from the Rogadinae appears
justified since theExothecinae are apparently external parasites of lepidopterous, coleopterous,
and sawfly larvae, the Rogadinae being internal parasites of lepidopterous larvae. The genera
included here are in need of revision and the generic placement of the North American species
which follows should be considered only provisional until a thorough study is made of the group.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat, part 12, p. 1115-1163 (cat. World spp.).
Tribe EXOTHECINI
Genus ACRISIS Foerster
Acrisis Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 236.
Type-species: Acrisis graciliconiis Foerster. Orig. desig.
Euchasmus Marshall, 1888. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 4, p. 210.
Type-species: Euchasmus exigiius Marshall. Monotypic
Episigalphus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 125.
Type-species: Episigalphus 7ninutessimtis(\) Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 175-177 (No. Amer. spp.). —Marsh,
1965. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 58: 690. —Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976. Hym. Cat., part 13, p.
1343-1344 (cat. World spp.).
americana (Ashmead). Pa., Mich., Ind.
Pygostolus aniericanus Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 47. "6" = 9.
minutissima (Ashmead). Wis., 111., La., S. Dak.
Episigalphus niinutessininsC.) Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 23: 125. 9.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1115-1122 (cat. World spp.).
alaskensis (Ashmead). Alaska.
Exothecus alaskeyisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 252.
orchesiae (Ashmead). Mich., Iowa. Host: Orckesia castmiea Melsh.
Rhysipolis orchesiae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 625. 9.
polypori Mason. Que., Man., Wis. Ecology: Reared from the shelf fungus Polyporus betulinus
on birch.
Colastes polypori Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 715. 9, cJ.
Revision: Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 168-182 (No. Amer. spp.). —Fischer, 1967.
Beitr. z. Ent. 17: 969-973 (No. and So. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 661. —Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 861, 871.
-Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 127-128 (cat. World spp.). —Shenefelt, 1975. Hym.
Cat, part 12, p. 1123-1125 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1125-1130 (cat. World spp.).
americanus (Weed). Que. s. to Va., w. to Iowa and Kans.; Wash., Oreg. Host: Acleris minuta
(Rob.), Ainorbia humerosana Clem., Ancylis comptana fragariae (W. and R.), Arckips
cerasivoranus (Fitch), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wlkr.), Aroga trialbamaculella
(Chamb.), Caloptilia sp., Choristoneura fuviiferana (Clem.), C. rosaceana (Harr.),
Endothenia hebesana (Wlkr.), Eulia ministrana (L.), Filaihna persicaeella (Murtf.),
Media cyanana (Murtf.), Janus integer (Nort.), Platynota flavedana Clem., P. idaeusalis
(Wlkr.), Psilocorsis sp., S parga7iothis flavibasana (Fern.), S. sulphurana (F.).
Clinocentnis americanus Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 43. 9, cJ.
Rkyssalus atriceps Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 628. 9,6.
Rhyssalus similis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 628. 6.
Rhyssalus loxoteniae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 628. 9, 6.
Biology: Zeller and Schuh, 1944. Oreg. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 418, p. 48. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767, p. 66. —Bennett, 1961. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 353.
betulae Muesebeck. Maine, Mich., Wis. Host: Anthophila pariana (Clem.). This species has also
been recorded from Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.) which needs to be confirmed.
Oncophanes betulae Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 28: 245. 9.
Biology: Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767, p. 66.
californicus (Ashmead). Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Epirhyssalus califomicasV.) Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 142. 9.
nigriventris Muesebeck. Conn., D. C, Md., Fla., Mich., Wis., Iowa.
Oncophanes nigriventris Muesebeck, 1935. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 28: 243. 9.
pusillus Muesebeck. Wis., Minn. Host: Trichotaphe levisella Fyles.
Oncophanes piisillus Muesebeck, 1967. Ent. News 78: 136. 9.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 81-83. —Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat.,
part 12, p. 1130-1133 (cat. World spp.).
borealis Walley. Baffin Isl.
Phanomeris borealis Walley, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 188. 9, S.
mellipes (Provancher). Canada.
Opius pallipes Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 164. 6. Preocc. by Wesmael, 1835.
Opius mellipes Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 164, footnote.
metalli Muesebeck. Maine, N. Y., Va., Mich., Wis. Host: Cameraria bethunella Chamb.,
Metallus rohweri MacG.
Phanomeris metalli Muesebeck, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 82. 9, d.
phyllotomae Muesebeck. Maine; Europe. Introduced from Austria. Host: Fe7iusa pusilla
(Lep.), Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.).
Phanomeris phyllotomae Muesebeck, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 83. 9, S.
Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757, p. 11-16.
— Dowden, 1962. U. S.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat, part 12, p. 1133-1137 (cat. World spp.).
pallipes (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H., Mich. Host: Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely).
Doryctes pallipes Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 375.
Doryctes pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 234. Emend.
NoMEN Nudum in Rhysipolis Foerster
Rhysipolis pkoxopteridis Riley, 1890. hi Riley and How^ard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2:
350.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 34. —Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat.,
part 12, p. 1137-1138 (cat. World spp.).
Tribe HORMIINI
Taxonomy: Hedqvist, 1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 30-61 (given subfamily rank; key to genera of
World). -Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 864-865.
Hormius Nees, 1818. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Car. 9: 305.
Type-species: Bracon moyiiliatus Nees. Monotypic.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1143-1148 (cat. World spp.).
Zele basalis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 380. 9.
Hormius erythrogaster Ashmead, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 41. 6.
dispar (Brues). N. H., N. Y., Md., D. C, N. C, Mich., Ill, Mo., Ark., Tex.
Pambohisd) dispar Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 110. 9.
Hormius micropterus Hedqvist, 1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 51. 9.
melleus (Ashmead). Mo.
Oncophanes melleus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 630. 9.
moniliatus (Nees). Greenland; Europe.
Bracon moniliatus Nees, 1812 (1811). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 36. 9.
tsugae Mason. Que., Ont. Host: Coleotechnites apicitripunctella (Clem.), C. piceaella (Kearf.).
Hortnius tsugae Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 724. 9,3.
vulgaris Ashmead. Fla., Mo., Ark. Host: Psorosiyia hammondi (Riley), Tetralopha robustella
ZelL, T. subcaiialis (Wlkr.).
Hormius vulgaris Ashmead, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 43. 9, S.
elongata Hedqvist. Tex.; Mexico, Honduras. Ecology: Reared from galls on Philodendron.
Monitoriella elongata Hedqvist, 1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 46. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1151-1153 (cat. World spp.).
Tribe PAMBOLINI
Taxonomy: Hedqvist, 1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 30-61 (incl. in Hormiinae).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1159-1163 (cat. World spp.).
americanus (Ashmead). N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Kans.
Arrapkis americana Ashmead, 1892. Psyche 6: 289. 6.
Arraphis mijiuta Ashmead, 1892. Psyche 6: 289. S.
Phaenodus caddous Viereck, 1908 (1907). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 403. 9.
Subfamily ROGADINAE
This a specialized group of cyclostomate genera in which all species are internal parasites of
is
lepidopterous larvae; pupation takes place within the mummified host larva which often retains
its original shape.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1162-1262 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1163-1185 (cat. World spp.).
abdominalis Cresson. Que., N. Y., Pa., D. C, Ohio, Mich., 111., Iowa, S. Dak.
Aleiodes abdominalis Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 379. 9.
Aleiodes lectus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 379. 6.
aciculatus Cresson. N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Fla., Ohio, Iowa, Mo., Ark., La., S. Dak., Colo., Utah.
Host: Feltia ducens Wlkr., F. subgothica (Haw.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.).
Aleiodes aciculatus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 381. 9, S.
parasiticus Norton. Que. s. to Md., w. to Ont., S. Dak., and Colo. Host: Syngrapha epigaea
(Grote).
Aleiodes parasiticus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 327. 9.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1187-1193 (cat. World spp.).
fumiferanac Muesebeck. N. Y., Minn. Host: Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Clinocentrus fumiferanae Muesebeck, 1965. Ent. News 76: 72. 9, i.
mellipes (Ashmead). N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., Ont., S. Dak.
Rhogas mellipes Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: S."S"= 9.
tarsalis Ashmead. N. Y., Ohio, Mo.
Clinocentrus tarsalis Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, Jour. 17: 47. 9.
Pelecystoma Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 91.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1206-1209 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 213-215. — Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p.
1209-1211 (cat. World spp.).
palmatus Walley. Ont., Wis., Minn., Utah, B. C, Calif. Host: Nycteola cinereana N. and D.
Petalodes palmatus Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 214. 9.
ufei Walley. B. C, Nev., Calif. Host: Ufeus plicatiis Grote.
Petalodes ufei Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 215. 9, <5.
Rogas Nees, 1818. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Car. 9: 306.
Type-species: Ichneumon testaceus Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1834.
Rhogas Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool., Index Univ., p. 325. Emend.
1846.
Nebartha Walker, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 5: 310.
1860.
Type-species: Nebartha macropodides Walker. Monotypic.
Camptocentnis Kriechbaumer, 1894. Berl. Ent. Ztschr. 39: 61.
Type-species: Camptocentrus testaceus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1215-1256 (cat. World spp.).
atricornis Cresson. S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Ariz. Host: Protoleucania sp.
Rogas atricornis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 188. 9.
autographae Viereck. Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Autographa califomica (Speyer).
Rhogas autographae Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 381. 9, cJ.
fumipennis (Cresson). N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Del., Mich., Ohio, Tenn., Wis., 111., Miss., Iowa,
Mo. Host: Cresso7iia jnglandis (Smith).
Aleiodes fumipennis Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 378. 9.
geometrae Ashmead. Iowa, Mo., N. Dak., S. Dak. Host: Paleacrita vemata (Peck).
Rhogas geometrae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 633. 6.
granulatus DeGant. Ohio, Mich.
Rogas granulata DeGant, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 163. 9.
graphicus Cresson. Iowa, S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.
Rogas graphicus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 188. S .
laphygmae Viereck. Ga., Fla., La., Tex.; Cuba, Nicaragua. Host: Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.),
Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), S.frugiperda (Smith), S. oniithogalli (Guen.).
Rogas laphygmae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 581. 9.
mandibularis Cresson. Ohio, Ga., 111., Miss., Iowa, Ark., Kans., Tex.
Rogas mandibularis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 188. 6.
melleus (Cresson). Mass.
Aleiodes melleus Cresson, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 382. 6.
molestus Cresson. Ark., La., S. Dak., Tex., Wyo., Utah. Host: Autographa sp., Pseudoplusia
includens (Wlkr.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Rogas ynolestus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 188. 9.
nigricoxis Viereck. N. Mex.
Rhogas nigricoxis Viereck, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 97. 6.
nolophanae Ashmead. Del. s. to N. C. and La., w. to Minn., S. Dak., and Kans. Host: Balsa
malana (Fitch), Plathypena scabra (F.).
Rhogas nolophanae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 634. 9.
Biology: Lentz and Pedigo, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
67: 678-680.
perplexus Gahan. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Heliothis zea (Boddie), Peridroma saucia
(Hbn.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Rogas perplexus Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 205. 9,6.
platypterygis Ashmead. Va., Iowa, Md., La. Host: Drepana arcuata Wlkr.
Rhogas platypterygis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 633. 9, 6.
politiceps Gahan. N. C. s. to Fla., w. to Tex. Host: Anicla infecta (Ochs.), Pseudaletia
unipuncta (Haw.).
Rogas politiceps Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 206. 9,6.
pubescens Ashmead. Wis., 111.
Rhogas pubescens Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 632. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 181
Rhogas desmiae Ashmead, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 352.
Rhogas fiiscicaudus Viereck, 1909. In Withington, Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 22: 329.
Rhogas plecypterygia Ashmead, 1905. hi Nason, Ent. News 16: 298.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p.1261-1262 (cat. World spp.).
delicatus (Cresson). N. Y. s. Kans. and Tex. Host: Caristanitis decoloraiis
to Fla., w. to
(Wlkr.), Nephopteryx uvinella Psorosina hammondi (Riley).
(Rag.),
Rogas delicatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 189. 6.
182 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily METEORIDEINAE
Taxonomy: Capek, 1965 (1964). 12th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc, p. 98-99. -Tobias, 1967.
Ent. Obozr. 46: 662. -Capek, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 307.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt and Muesebeck, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 129-130. —Capek, 1965
(1964). 12th Intl. Cong. Ent., Proc, p. 98-99.-Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p.
215-216. (cat. World spp.).
Subfamily HELCONINAE
Host records indicate that species in this group are internal parasites of wood-boring coleop-
terous larvae.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 177-220 (cat. World spp.).
— Watanabe, 1972.
Insecta Matsumurana 35: 11-16 (review World genera).
Tribe HELCONINI
Revision: Tobias, 1967. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci. U. S. S. R., Trans. 41: 222-238 (some Eur. spp.).
—Watanabe, 1972. Insecta Matsumurana 35: 1-11 (Jap. spp.).
Genus EUMACROCENTRUS Ashmead
Eumacrocentrus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 120.
Type-species: Helcon americanus Cresson. Orig. desig.
americanus (Cresson). Canada, Conn., N. Y., Pa., Md., W. Va., Va., Mich.
Helcon americanus Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 84. 9.
Petalodesd) americanus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 631. 6.
Helcon Nees, 1814 (1812). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berhn 6: 216.
1825. There
Type-species: Helcon tardator Nees. Desig. by Lepeletier and Serville,
is a question whether Lepeletier and Serville (1825. In Olivier, Encycl. Method.
10: 42) actually designated Helcon tardator as the type-species. However,
Westwood (1839) also designated tardator as the type-species of Helcon.
Gymnoscelus Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 255.
Type-species: Helcon tardator Nees. Orig. desig.
Edyia Cameron, 1905. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc, Jour. 44: 108. Cameron spelled the
generic name Ediya on page 108 and Edyia on page 109 of the above publication,
which
appeared in July, 1905. In August, 1905 (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 16: 159) Cameron
again described the genus spelHng the name Edyia, which is now the accepted spelling.
Type-species: Edyia annulicomis Cameron. Monotypic
Coelostephanus Kieffer, 1911. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 80: 232.
Type-species: Coelostephanus nifus Kieffer. Monotypic.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 183
Revision: Fahringer, 1933. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 20: 307-323 (Eur. spp.). — Watanabe, 1972.
Inseeta Matsumurana 35: 2-3 (Jap. spp.)
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 192-196 (cat. World spp.).
fulvipes Cresson. Alta., Mont., Colo., Utah, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Xylotrechus
undulatus (Say).
Helcon fulvipes Cresson, 1865. Ent. See. Phila., Proc. 4: 292. 9.
pedalis Cresson. Canada; Maine s. to N. C;
Wis., Utah, Wash., Oreg. Host: Callidhnn
antennatum Newm., Neoclytus muricatulus (Kby.), Xylotrechus annosus (Say).
Helcon pedalis Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 85. 9, 6.
texanus Cresson. Tex.
Helcon texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 179. 9 .
ferruginea (Brues). Pa. s. to Ga.; Ala., Tex., Colo. Host: Neoclytus acuminatus (F.),
Phymatodes varius (F.), Xylobiops basilaris (Say).
Helcon femigineus Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 158. 9.
frigida (Cresson). Mont., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Helcon frigidus Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 84. 9.
grandis (Ashmead). La.
Helcon grandis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 655. 9.
ligator (Say). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., N. Dak., and Tex.; Oreg. Host: Agrilus anxius Gory,
A. egenus Gory, Clytoleptus albofasciatus (L. and G.), Magdalis armicollis (Say),
Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Obrium maculatum (Oliv.), 0. rufulum Gahan, Xylotrechus
colonus {¥.), X. quadrimaculatus (Hald.).
Bracon ligator Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 323. 9.
Helcon dentipes Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 479. 9.
Helcon albitarsis Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 83. 6.
necydalidis (Cushman). Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Leptura obliterata Hald.,
Necydalis laevicollis Lee
Helconidea necydalidis Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 79: 10. 9, 6.
occidentalis (Cresson). Que., N. B., Maine, N. H., W. Va., N. C, Ont., Mich., Wis., Wyo., Colo.,
Idaho, Nev., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Setnanotus litigiosus (Casey), S. ligneus
(F.), Tetropium cinnamopteron Kby., T. velutinum Lee.
Helcon occidentalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 292. 6.
Helcon tetrapodii Ashmead, 1892. In Hopkins, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 252. Nom.
nud.
184 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Tribe CENOCOELIINI
Genus CENOCOELIUS Westwood
Cenocoelius Westwood, 1840. Introd. Mod. Classif. Ins., v. 2, Gen. Synop., p. 62.
Type-species: Cenocoelius flavifrons Westwood. Monotypic.
Capitonius Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 544.
Type-species: Capitonius bifasciatus Brulle. Monotypic.
Laccophrys Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 19: 257.
Type-species: Laccophrys magdalini Foerster. Orig. desig.
Aulacodes Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 8.
Type-species: Aulacodes yiigriventris Cresson. Monotypic.
Lestricus Reinhard, 1865. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 9: 265.
Type-species: Aiysia rubriceps Ratzeburg. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951.
Promachus Cresson, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans., Sup. Vol., p. 61.
Type-species: Promachus sangidneiventris Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Revision: Rohwer, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 316-322 (No. Amer. spp. in genus Capitonius).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat, part 5, p. 178-185 (cat. World spp.).
ashmeadii Dalla Torre. Que. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., S. Dak. and Tex. Host: Hyperplatys aspera
(Say), H. maculata Hald., Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Stemidius alpha alpha (Say), S.
a.vicinus (Hald.), S. cinereus (Lee), S.fascicularis (Harr.), Urgleptes facetus (Say), U.
signatus (Lee).
Capitonius rubriceps Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 135. 9.
Preocc. by Ratzeburg, 1844.
Promachus rubriceps Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 653. cJ. Preocc. by
Ratzeburg, 1844.
Cenocoelius Ashmeadii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 72. N. name for rubriceps
Ashmead.
Capitonius provancheri Rohwer, 1914. Canad. Ent. 46: 321. N. name for rubriceps
Provancher.
caryae (Rohwer). N. J., Pa., N. C, Mo. The original description states that this species is
Tribe DIOSPILINI
This group is very much in need of study and many of the North American species are
probably wrongly placed in their present genera.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 208-214 (cat. World spp.).
californicus Rohwer. Calif.
Diospihis californicus Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 164. 9.
Subfamily ZELEINAE
This group has been placed in the Macrocentrinae and in the Helconinae by various workers. I
have chosen to follow Tobias (1967) in giving it subfamily rank. The genus Zemiotes was
recently taken out of synonymy with Meteorus by Mason (1973) and placed as a distinct genus
related to Zele. The subfamily name correctly spelled Zelinae is preoccupied in the Hemiptera.
The basis for the present spelling, Zeleinae, is a precedent set by Opinion 140 of the Interna-
tional Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, 1943. Species are solitary endoparasites of
lepidopterous larvae.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1957. Opusc. Zool., n. 3, p. 1-5 (key to Eur. spp.). —Mason, 1973. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 213-215 (generic reinstatment and transfer).
alaskensis (Ashmead). Canada, N. C, Alaska. Host: Eupithecia sp.
Dyscoletes alaske^isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 247. 6.
crassifemur (Muesebeck). 111., S. Dak., Kans., Tex.
Meteorus crassifemur Muesebeck, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41: 84. 9.
Subfamily MACROCENTRINAE
Genus MACROCENTRUS Curtis
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 143-174 (cat. World spp.).
affinisMuesebeck. N. H., N. Y., Mich., Minn., Utah, Idaho.
Macrocentnis affinis Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 42. 9.
ancylivorus Rohwer. No. Amer. Host: Acleris oxycoccana (Pack.), Anacampsis sp., Ancylis
com plana fragariae (W. and R.), Cayiarsia sp., Epiblema strenuannm (Wlkr.),
Eiartema sericoranum Wlsm., Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Halisidota iyigens Hy.
Edw., Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), Melissopus latiferranus (Wlsm.), Paralobesia
viteana Clem., Phalonia hospes Wlsm., Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), Rkyacionia
frustrana (Comst.), Sparganothis sulphurana (F.), Stegasta bosqueella (Chamb.). This
species is one of the more important parasites of the oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha
ynolesta) and the strawberry leafroller {Ancylis comptana fragariae).
Macrocentnis ancylivonis Rohwer, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25: 168. 9, d.
Biology: Fink, 1926. Jour. Agr. Res. 12: 1121-1134. —Daniel, 1932. N. Y. State Agr. Expt.
Sta., Tech. Bui. 187, p. 3-101.
—
Haeussler, 1932. Jour. Agr. Res. 45: 79-100. —Carman and
Brigham, 1933. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 356: 73-116. —Finney, Flanders and Smith,
1947. Hilgardia 17: 437-483. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p. 15-24.
—Putnam, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 1022-1023. The references listed above are only a few of
the important ones that have been published. For a complete list of references, see
Shenefelt (1969. Hym. Cat, part 4, p. 144-146).
atratus Muesebeck. P. E. I. s. to Fla.; Wis., Iowa, Ariz., B. C.
Macrocentnis atratus Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 23. 9.
Amicoplus(l) crambi Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 48. 6.
crambivorus Viereck. Canada s. to Fla., w. to Idaho. Host: Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zell.),
Crambus caliginosellus Clem., C. trisectus (Wlkr.).
Macrocentnis iAynicroplus) craynbivonis Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 183. 9,
6.
Macroceyitrus (Amicroplus) plesius Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 556. 9,6.
crassipes Muesebeck. Que., Vt., N. Y., Ont., Sask., Alta., Mont. Host: Crymodes devastator
(Brace).
Macroceyitnis crassipes Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 13. 9, 6.
crocidophorae Muesebeck. N. C, S. C, La. Host: Crocidophora pustiiliferalis Led.
Macrocentnis crocidophorae Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 22. S.
188 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
cuniculus Walley. N. B., Ont., Wis., Man., S. Dak., Sask., Mont., Colo., Idaho, Calif. Host:
Petrova albicapitana alhicapitana (Busck), P. a. arizonensis (Heinr.), P. metallica
(Busck).
Macroceninis cuniculus Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 260. 9.
delicatus Cresson. Que. s. to Fla., w. to Man. and Tex. Host: Aristotelia absconditella (Wlkr.),
Caristanius sp., Chionodes sp., Epiblema sirenuanum (Wlkr.), E. tripartitaniim (Zell.),
Episimus argutanus (Clem.), Euzophera ostricolorella Hulst, Grapholitha ynolesta
(Busck), G. tristrigana (Clem.), Gretchena bolliana (Sling.), Hendecaneura shaiviana
(Kearf.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Ostrinia nubilalxs (Hbn.), Papaipema nebris
(Guen.), Proteoteras willingana (Kearf.), Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.), Tetralopha
scortealis (Led.), T. siibcanalis (Wlkr.). This species is a common parasite of the oriental
fruitmoth (Grapholitha molesta) and the ragweed borer (Epiblema strenuanum).
Macrocentnis delicatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 178. 9,6.
Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p. 19, 24-25.
dioryctriae Muesebeck. Md. s. to Fla.; Miss., Ark. Host: Dioryctria abietella (D. and S.), D.
amatella (Hulst), D. clarioralis (Wlkr.), D. disclusa Hein., Eucosma sp.
Macrocentnis dioryctriae Muesebeck, 1967. Fla. Ent. 50: 60. 9, 3.
exartemae Walley. Que., Maine, N. J., Ont. Host: Choristoneura rosaceana (Harr.), Exartema
comanum Heinr., E fasciatanum Clem., E.footinamim (Fern.), E. valdanum McD.
.
Biology: Parker, 1931. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 230, p. 1-63 (as gifuensis Ashmead).
—Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 113 (as gifuensis Ashmead).
gravitarsis Muesebeck. N. Mex., Oreg., Calif. Host: Halisidota argentata Pack., H. ingens Hy.
Edw.
Macrocentnis gravitarsis Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 170. 9.
impressus Muesebeck. N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Ont, Wis. Host: Psilocorsis cryptolechiella
(Chamb.), P. reflexella Clem.
Macrocentnis impressus Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 24. 9.
incompletus Muesebeck. Sask. s. to Kans. and N. Mex., w. to Alta., Oreg., and Ariz. Host:
Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote).
Macrocetitnis incompletus Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 12. 9, 6.
infumatus Muesebeck. Mich. Host: Schoenobius melinellus (Clem.). The original description of
infumatus lists Schoenobius melinellus only as probably being the host.
Macrocentnis infiimatuusd) Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 172. S.
innuitorum Walley. N. W. T. (Baffin Isl.; Keewatin Dist.).
Macrocentnis innuitonim Walley, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 187. 9,6.
instabilis Muesebeck. Vt. s. to Fla., w. to Ont. and Tex.; Wash. Host: Acrobasis betulella
Biology: Nickels, Pierce, and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011, p. 8-9. -Allen,
1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p. 26. —
Balduf, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 466.
iridescens French. Que. s. to Mass., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Archips argyrospilus (Wlkr.),
A. cerasivoranus (Fitch), A. rosanus (L.), Cheimophila salicella (Hbn.), Choristoneura
Macrocentrus amicroploides Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 579. 9,6.
longicornis Provancher. Que., Mich., Ohio, Minn.
Macrocentrus longicornis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 173. 6.
marginator (Nees). Holarctic. Host: Gretchena boUiana (Sling.), Laspeyresia cupressana
(Kearf.), Podosesia syringae fraxini (Lugger), Synanthedon americana (Beut.), S.
castaneae Busck, S. exitiosa (Say), S. pictipes (G. and R.), S. tipulifomiis (Clerck),
Zeiraphera ratzburgiana Sax.
Bracon marginator Nees, 1812 (1811). Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, Mag. 5: 14. 9.
Macrocentrus aegeriae Rohwer, 1915. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 17: 56. 9.
pallisteri DeGant. Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Ont. and Tex.; Alta., Ariz., Calif. Host: Epiblema
obfuscanuyn Dyar, E. otiosanurn (Clem.), E. scudderianum (Clem.), E. strenuanum
(Wlkr.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). The last host mentioned
above was listed as questionable in the original catalog.
Macrocentrus paediscae Riley, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 59. Nom. nud.
Macrocentrus pallisteri DeGant, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 65. 9.
pectoralis Provancher. Que. s. to N. C; Ohio, S. Dak.
Macrocentrus pectoralis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 173. 6.
Macrocentrus fuscipennis Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 43. 9.
peroneae Muesebeck. Newfoundland, Que., N. B., Maine, Ont., Minn. Host: Acleris variana
(Fern.), Archippus packardianus (Fern.), Argyrotaenia occultana Freem.,
Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Macrocentrus peroneae Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 17. 9.
pulchripennis Muesebeck. Idaho, Utah.
Macrocentrus pulchripennis Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 40. 9.
pyraustae Viereck. Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Mich., Mo. Host: Macrobotys pertextalis (Led.), M.
theseusalis (Wlkr.). The type series for this species is recorded as being only an
apparent parasite of Macrobotys theseusalis.
Macrocentrus pyraustae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22, p. 220. 9.
reticulatus Muesebeck. Md. s. to Fla. and Ala.; Mich., 111.
Macrocentrus reticulatus Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 25. 9.
robustus Muesebeck. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Fla. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), Tetralopha
robustella Zell.
Macrocentrus robustus Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 29. 9, d.
seminiger Muesebeck. Utah, Ariz., Calif.
Macrocentrus seminiger Muesebeck, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 80 (23): 41. 9.
terminalis (Ashmead). N. H. s. to N. J., w. to Minn, and Mo.; Alta.
Zele terminalis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 652. 6.
190 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
59.
Macrocentrus solidaginis Ashmead, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life
3: 59.
Subfamily AGATHIDINAE
The genera subfamily form a rather homogeneous and uniform group. Between 1917
in this
and 1945, this subfamily went under the name Braconinae due to nomenclatural problems with
the type-species of Cremnops and Bracon. In 1945, use of the name Agathidinae was made
possible by the International Commission in its Opinion 162.
All species are endoparasites of lepidopterous larvae.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 1-73 (No. Amer. spp., as subfamily
Braconinae).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 310-311 (cat. World spp.).
cressoni Muesebeck and Walkley. Tex., Colo., N. Mex.
Microdus thoracicus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 181. 9, S. Preocc. in
Microdus by Nees, 1834.
Agathirsia cressoni Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. In Muesebeck, et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2, p. 116. N. name for thoracicus Cresson.
nigricauda (Viereck). Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.
Crassomicrodus nigricaudus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 288. 6.
testacea Muesebeck. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Calif.; Mex. Host: Acontia cretata (G. and R.).
This host, reported by Bibby (1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 331) needs to be confirmed.
Agathirsia testacea Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 13. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 191
Agathis Latreille, 1804. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., v. 24, p. 173. No species included.
Type-species: Agathis malvacearum Latreille. Subsequent monotypy. First included
species, by Latreille, 1805, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 13: 125.
Bassus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 93.
Type-species: Ichneumon calculator Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1825.
Microdus Nees, 1814 (1812). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 184.
Type-species: Ichneumon calculator Fabricius. Desig. by Westwood, 1839.
Diplozon? Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 263.
Type-species: Ichneumon calculator Fabricius. Monotypic.
Microdus subg. Therophilus Wesmael, 1837. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 15.
Type-species: Microdus (Therophilus) conspicuus Wesmael. Desig. by Viereck,
1914.
Cenostomus Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 19: 246.
Type-species: Cenostomus lugubris Foerster. Orig. desig.
Eumicrodus Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 19: 247. N. name for
Microdus Nees.
Agathiella Szepligeti, 1902. Termes. Fuzetek 25: 73.
Type-species: Agathiella pedunculata Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Metriosoma Szepligeti, 1902. Termes. Fuzetek 25: 74.
Type-species: Metriosoma munda Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Neomicrodiis Szepligeti, 1908. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. 6: 421.
Type-species: Neomicrodus boliviensis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Lissagathis Cameron, 1911. Nova Guinea 9 (Zool. 2) Hym., p. 245.
Type-species: Lissagathis bicarinata Cameron. Monotypic.
Basstis subg. Aerophilopsis Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 555.
Type-species: Bassus (Aerophilopsis) erythrogaster Viereck. Orig. desig.
loxia Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgesch. 84 (A) (11): 199.
Type-species: loxia faceta Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Alabagrus Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgesch. 84 (A) (11): 203.
Type-species: Alabagrus citreistigma Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Ditropia Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgesch. 84 (A) (11): 210.
Type-species: Ditropia strigata Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Liyptia Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgesch. 84 (A) (11): 210.
Type-species: Liyptia rufiventris Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Agathellijia Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgech. 84 (A) (11): 211.
Type-species: Agathellina columbiana Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 22-70 (No. Amer. spp.).
— Telenga,
1955. Fauna U.S.S.R., v. 5, n. 4, p. 244-267 (Eur. spp.).
Biology: Nickels, Pierce and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011, p. 6-8.
agilis (Cresson). Que.s. to Fla., w. to Alta. and Tex. Host: Acleris minuta Rob., Archips
atripes Cresson. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Idaho, Nev., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Calif.
Agathis atripes Cresson, 1865. Ent. See. Phila., Proc. 4: 296. 6.
azygos (Viereck). S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Ariz.
Lytopylus azygos Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 267. 9.
Microdus agathoides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 277. 9.
bakeri (Muesebeck). Mich., Minn., Colo., Alaska, Wash., Calif.
Bassus bakeri Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 42. 9.
cincta (Cresson). Que. s. Dak. and Kans.; Oreg. Host: Acleris sp., Anacampsis
to Fla., w. to N.
Bassus winkleyi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p.
229. 9.
coieophorae (Rohwer). Conn., Pa., Va., W. Va., Idaho. Host: Coleophora laricella Hbn., C.
leucochrysella Clem., C. malivorella Riley.
Bassiis coieophorae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 230. 9.
Bassus pyrifolii Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p.
229. 9.
conspicua (Wesmael). Mass., Conn., Pa., Del., Md., Va., W. Va., Ind.; Europe. Host: Grapholitha
molesta (Busck), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). Introduced also into Wash, from Del. but
apparently not established.
Microdus (Therophilus) conspicuus Wesmael, 1837. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 10:
17. 9, 6.
E annus zonatus Marshall, 1885. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1885: 268. S.
Bassus carpocapsae Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 508. 9.
crassicornis (Muesebeck). Fla., Iowa.
Bassus crassicornis Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 43. 9.
cupressi Muesebeck and Walkley. N. Mex., Idaho, Calif.
Bassus pan'us Muesebeck, 1932. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 22: 331. 9,6. Preocc. by Viereck,
1903.
Agathis cupressi Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. In Muesebeck, et ai, 1951, U. S. Dept.
Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 119. N. name for parvus Muesebeck.
difficilis (Muesebeck). N. C, Ga., Fla., Miss., Ark., La., Tex. Host: Acrobasis indigenella (Zell.),
Taxonomy: Sadava and Miller, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 441 (syn. of laticinctus).
Biology: Silvestri, 1922. Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, Bol. 16: 272.
—
Dondale, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86:
40-44 (as laticinctus). —Stultz, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86: 96-98 (as laticinctus).
discolor (Cresson). Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Iowa and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana
(Froel.), Lineodes interrripta (Zell.).
Microdus discolor Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 52. 9, S.
Bassus brittoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p.
229. 9.
diversa (Muesebeck). Conn., N. Y., N. J., Va., Mich., Ohio, Ind.; Japan. Introduced from Japan.
Host: Grapholitha molesta (Busck).
Bassus diversus Muesebeck, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 48. 9.
Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 72-73. —Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1256, p. 30-31.
erythrogaster (Viereck). Conn. s. to Ga., w. to Mich., Kans., and La. Host: Epiblema
strenuanum (Wlkr.).
Bassus (Aerophilopsis) erythrogaster Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 555. S.
festiva Muesebeck. N. Y., N. J.; China, India. Introduced from China. Host: Grapholitha
molesta (Busck), G. pniinivora (Walsh).
Agathis festiva Muesebeck, 1953. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 55: 149. 9,6.
Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p. 31-34.
floridana (Muesebeck). Fla.
Bassus floridayius Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 31. 6.
194 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gibbosa (Say). No. Amer. Host: Coleophora sp., Keiferia inconspicuella (Murtf.), Mompha
eloisella Clem., M. stellella Busck, Papaipema nebris f. nitela (Guen.), Phthorimaea
operculella (ZelL), Siomopteryx sp., Strobisia iridipennella Clem.
Bassus gibbosus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 250. ?.
Microdus pygmaeus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 182. 9 S. ,
Agathis scrutator Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 137. 9.
Microdus dispar Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 138. ?.
Microdus meridionalis Viereck, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 96. 6.
Microdus wichitaensis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 276. 9.
Microdus castaneicinctus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 276. 9 .
Biology: Odebiyi and Oatman, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 1104-1114.
imitata (Cresson). Mass., N. Y.
Microdus imitatus Cresson, 1873. Canad. Ent. 5: 51. 9.
immaculata (Gahan). La., Tex. Host: Symmetrischema striatella (Murtf.) ?. Host needs to be
confirmed.
Bassus immaculatus Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 118. 9.
laticeps (Muesebeck). Mass., D. C, Tex., Ariz.
Bassus laticeps Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 53. 9.
malivorellae Shenefelt. Maine, W. Va. Host: Coleophora malivorella Riley.
Bassus brevicauda Muesebeck, 1932. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 22: 332. 9 Preocc. by .
Reinhard, 1867.
Agathis malivorellae Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 342. N. name for brevicauda
Muesebeck.
marginatifrons (Muesebeck). Ala.
Bassus marginatifrons Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 30. 9.
metzneriae Muesebeck. Que., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Ohio, Mich., N. Dak. Host: Metzneria
lappella (L.).
Agathis metzneriae Muesebeck, 1967. In Juhala, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 95. 9, d.
stigmatera (Cresson). Fla., La.; West Indies, So. Amer. Introduced from Argentina. Host:
Diatraea saccharalis (F.).
Microdus stigynaterus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 65. 9, S.
Microdus diatraeae Turner, 1918. Bui. Ent. Res. 9: 82. 9.
Microdus crossi Brethes, 1927. Rev. Indus. Agr. Tucuman 17: 163. 9.
Alabagrus citreistigma Enderlein, 1920 (1918). Arch. f. Naturgesch. 84: 203. 9.
Biology: Myers, 1932. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 80: 125-126.
—
Jaynes, 1933. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 363, p. 18-19. -Wilson, 1941. Fla. Ent. 24: 55-57.
tenuiceps (Muesebeck). Ariz.
Bassus tenuiceps Muesebeck, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (16): 47. 9, i.
terminata (Cresson). S. Dak., Nebr., Okla., Tex., Colo. Host: Isophrictis sp., Pyroderces rileyi
(Wlsm.).
Microdus terminatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 298. 6 .
Orgilus terminalis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 640. S.
Microdus tenninator Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 136. Emend.
texana (Cresson). N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Microthyris anormalis (Guen.),
Pachyzancla thesiusalis Wlkr., Pantographa liniata G. and R., Pilema periusalis
(Wlkr.), Pilocrocis ramentalis (Led.), P. tripunctata (F.)?, Sylepta silicalis (Gn.),
Syngamia haemorrohoidalis (Guen.).
Microdus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 181. 6.
unicolor (Schrottky). Calif.; Argentina. Liberated in Calif, but not known to be established.
Introduced from Argentina. Host: Phthorimaea opercnlella (Zell.).
Orgilus unicolor (Schrottky), 1902. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. Aires, An. 8: 102. 9.
Agathis linicolorata Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 364. Unnecessary n. name for
unicolor Schrottky.
usitata (Gahan). Mass. Host: Acrobasis vaccinii Riley.
Bassus usitafus Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 119. 9, 6.
verticalis (Cresson). Tex.
Microdus verticalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 182. 9.
Nomina Nuda in Agathis Latreille
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 380-382 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 382-391 (cat. World spp.).
ashmeadi (Morrison). Md., Ky., Ind., 111., Minn., Iowa, S. Dak., Kans., Alta.
Bracon ashmeadi Morrison, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 52: 329. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 197
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 404-408 (cat. World spp.).
limitaris (Say). Que. and N. S. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Grapholitha sp.,
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 419-422 (cat. World spp.).
cressoni (Cameron). Tex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer., West Indies.
Agathis albitarsis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 63. 9, S. Preocc. in Agathis by
Spinola, 1840.
Agathis cressoni Cameron, 1887. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 398. N. name for
albitarsis Cresson.
Neophylax Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 119. Preocc. by M'Lachlan, 1871.
Type-species: Neophylax snyderi Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Zelomorpha Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 129.
Type-species: Zelomorpha arizonejisis Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Ahngeria Kokujev, 1902. Ent. Obozr. 2: 6.
Type-species: Ahngeria trayiscaspia Kokujev. Monotypic.
Xanthomicrodus Cameron, 1904. Rec. Albany Mus. 1: 157.
Type-species: Xanthomicrodus iridipennis Cameron. Monotypic.
Lisitheria Cameron, 1904. Entomologist 37: 306.
Type-species: Lisitheria nigricomis Cameron. Monotypic.
Spilomicrodus Cameron, 1911. Timehri (3) 1: 323.
Type-species: Spilomicrodus nigriceps Cameron. Monotypic.
Caenophylax Schulz, 1911. Zool. Ann. 4: 88. N. name for Neophylax Ashmead.
Zelomorpha subg. Zelomorphidea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 630.
Type-species: Zelomorpha {Zelomorphidea) melanota Viereck. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 6, p. 425-427 (cat. World spp.).
arizonensis Ashmead. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Baja Calif., Mexico.
Zelomorpha arizonensis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 129.
fascipennis (Cresson). Fla.; Cuba.
Microdus fascipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 65. 9.
Subfamily OPIINAE
Most of the recent literature on the Opiinae has been published by Fischer and the arrange-
ment of the subfamily presented here follows that of Fischer (1973). All species are solitary en-
doparasites of dipterous larvae with pupation occurring in the host puparlum. Records of
lepidopterous and coleopterous hosts are doubtful and need to be confirmed.
Revision: Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 63-95 (No. Amer. spp.). —Fischer, 1964.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 197-530 (No. Amer. spp.). —Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35:
3-212 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, 189 p. (cat. World spp.). —Fischer, 1973. Das
Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 55-61 (keys to World tribes and genera).
Tribe ADEMONINI
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Das Tierreich, lief 91, p. 59-60 (key to genera).
Species of this genus are parasites of aquatic leaf mining Diptera and are apparently
restricted to the genus Hydrellia.
Revision: Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 197-208 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 18-19 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Destefani Perez, 1902. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Syst. 15: 625-634. Rimsky-Korsakov, —
1933. Handb. Biol. Arbeitsmethoden, Abt. 9, Teil 7, p. 255. —
Burghele, 1959. Univ. C. I.
Parhon, Ann., Ser. St. Naturii 22: 143-169.
nigcr (Ashmead). N. Y., D. C, Va., Mich., Wis., Ill, Minn., Utah. Host: Hydrellia sp.
Clinocentrus niger Ashmead, 1895. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 4: 276. i.
Analostania tenuipes Viereck, 1916. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 165. 9.
ovalis Fischer. Mich. Host: Hydrellia sp.
Ademon ovalis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 203. 9.
satanas Fischer. Mich.
Ademon sataiius Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 205. 9.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 187-197 (No. Amer. spp., in Neopius).
—Fischer, 1967. Beitr. Ent. 17: 959-969 (Nearctic and Neotr. spp.). —Fischer, 1969.
Entomophaga 14: 129-147 (Nearctic, Neotr., and Orient, spp.). —Fischer, 1971. Index
World Opiinae, p. 15-17 (cat. World spp.).
albipatpus (Fischer). Fla.
Neopius albipatpus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 188. 3.
analis (Fischer). Fla., Miss.
Neopius analis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 190. 9, cJ.
cubitalis (Fischer). Md., Ga., Fla., Ont., Mich., Tex.
Neopius cubitalis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 193. 9, tJ.
Tribe DESMIOSTOMATINI
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Das Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 61 (key to genera).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1967. Ztschr. Arbeit. Osterr. Entom. 19: 64. —Fischer, 1973. Das
Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 567.
additivum (Fischer). Que., N. Y., Cal.
Opius iOpius) additiviis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 5. 6.
parvulum (Wesmael). N. Y., N. C, S. C, Tenn., Mich., Minn., Sask., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Calif.;
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1967. Beitr. Neotr. Fauna 5: 7-11 (in Parachasma). —Fischer, 1971.
Index World Opiinae, p. 36-38 (cat. World spp., in Parachasina).
anastrephilum (Marsh), n. comb. Fla. Host: Anastrepka interrupta Stone, A. susperisa (Loew).
Parachasma anastrephilum Marsh, 1970. Fla. Ent. 53: 31. 9, 6.
cereus (Gahan), n. comb. Fla.; Mexico, Panama, Trinidad, Brazil. Introduced from Trinidad.
Host: Anastrepha suspensa (Loew).
Opius cereus Gahan, 1919, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 169. S.
Tribe OPIINI
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Das Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 60 (key to subtribes and genera).
SUBTRIBE BIOSTERINA
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1967. Abt. Zool. Bot. Landsmus. Joanneum Graz, Mitt. 26: 159
(resurrection to generic rank). —Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 19-32 (cat. World
spp.).—Fischer, 1973. Das Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 485-486 (synonymy, subgenera).
aietes Fischer. Oreg.
Biosteres aietes Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 763. 9 .
anthomyiae (Ashmead). Conn., N. Y., N. J., Mich., Ill, Minn., Colo., Idaho. Host: Pegomya
bicolor (Wied.), P. hyoscyami hyoscyami (Panz.).
Opius anthoynyiae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 654. 9.
Opius (Desmiostoma) novaeangliae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 183. 9.
argos Fischer. S. C, Wash.
Biosteres argos Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 766. 9, <?.
Biology: Lathrop and Newton, 1933. Jour. Agr. Res. 46: 143-160.
numerosus (Fischer). Colo., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Opius (Biosteres) numerosus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 149. 9,6.
placidus (Haliday). Ont., N. Y., Mich., Minn., N. Dak., S. Dak., Kans., Colo.; Europe.
Opius placidus Haliday, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 217. 9.
Opius melanocenis Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 149. 9.
Opius tarsator Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent., fasc. 20, p. 2193. 9.
Biosteres iiidotatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 273. 6.
quebecensis (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. Y., Mich., Minn. Host: Pegomya sp., Scaptomyza
(Mesoscaptomyza) adusta (Loew).
Rhitigaster quebecensis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 201. 9,6.
retractus (Fischer). Idaho.
Opius (Biosteres) retractus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 135. 6.
sanguineus (Ashmead). Md., D. C, Ga., Fla., 111., Mo., La., Tex., Ariz. Host: Zonosemata electa
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1967. Abt. Zool. Bot. Landsmus. Joanneum Graz, Mitt. 26: 159
(resurrection to generic rank). —Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 33-36 (cat. World
spp.).
alloeum (Muesebeck). Que., N. B., Maine, Conn., N. Y., Pa., Fla., Ont., Mich., Wis., Minn. Host:
Rhagoletis mendax Curran, R. pomonella (Walsh).
Opius alloeus Muesebeck, 1956. Ent. News 67: 101. 9,6.
Biology: Boush and Baerwald, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 865-866.
columbicola (Fischer). S. C.
Opius {Diachasma) columbicola Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 158. S.
ferrugineum (Gahan). Ont. s. to N. J.; Fla., S. Dak. Host: Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata
(hoew),R.fausta (0. S.).
Opius ferrugineus Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 75. 9, 6.
SUBTRIBE OPIINA
Revision: Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 197-530 (No. Amer. spp.). —Fischer, 1965.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 3-212 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 38-123 (cat. World spp.). —Fischer, 1973.
Das Tierreich, lief. 91, p. 67-71 (subgenera). —Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286
(synonymy).
aberrans Viereck. Que. s. to S. C, w. to Ont. and Kans.
Opitis aberrans Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans.
19: 271. 9.
Opius (Opius) crabtreeanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 470. 9.
Opius (Opius) masoni Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 480. 9, <J.
Opius (Opius) suffixus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 493. i.
/Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286.
aciurae Fischer. N. C, Fla. Host: Myoleja limata (Coq.).
Opius (Opiiis) aciurae Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 272. 9,
cJ.
Opius (Opms) apertns Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 417. 6.
basicastaneus Fischer. S. C.
Opius (Opius) basicastaneus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 501. 6.
basiniger Viereck. Pa., Md., Va., Minn., Iowa, Mo., S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Colo.
Opius basiniger Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 270. 9.
Opius foersteri Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 49: 83. 9, (?.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 76: 286.
Opius (Opius) ingens Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 11. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286.
bninneiventris Cresson. Kans., Tex., Ariz.
Opius brunneiventris Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 178. 6.
bninescens Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) brunescens Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 340. 9,6.
canaliculatus Gahan. Md., 111., Minn., Man.
Opius canaliculatus Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 80. 9.
canimensis Fischer. N. Y., N. C, S. C, B. C.
Opius (Opius) canimensis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 78. 9, 6.
cannonbeachensis Fischer. Oreg.
Opius caymonbeachensis Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 779. 9.
carinus Fischer. N. C.
Opius (Opius) carinus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 253. cJ.
castaneigaster Fischer. N. Y., N. C, S. C, Ga., Ont., Ohio, Tenn., Wis., Minn.
Opius (Opius) castaneigaster Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 419. 9, cJ.
Opius cinctus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 124. 9, J.
Prosapha hyaliyia Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 393. 9.
clellanvillensis Fischer. S. C.
Opius (Opius) clellayivillensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 454. 9.
clevelandensis Fischer. N. Y., S. C.
Opius (Opius) clevelandensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 421. 9, S.
cochisensis Fischer. Ariz.
Opius (Opius) cochisensis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 80. 9.
coleogaster Fischer. Fla.
Opius (Opius) coleogaster Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 399. 9, 6.
coloradensis Gahan. Colo.
Opius coloradensis Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 83. 9.
columbiacus Fischer. N. Y., N. C, S. C, Minn., Ariz.
Opius (Opius) columbiacus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 466. 9, cJ.
206 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
curticubitalis Fischer. Wash., Calif. Host: Agromyza sp., Phytomyza atricomis Meig.
Opius (Opius) curticubitalis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 35. 9, 6.
deiphobe Fischer. N. C.
Opius deiphobe Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 782. 9.
demosthenis Fischer. S. C.
Opius demosthenis Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 787. 9.
diastatae (Ashmead). N. Y., S. C, Fla., Ind., Ala., Wis., Minn. Host: Agromyza parvicomis
Loew.
Bracon diastatae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 617. 9.
differentiarius Fischer. N. Y., N. C.
Opius (Opius) differentiarius Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 7. 6.
dimensis Fischer. N. Y., Minn.
Opius (Opius) dimensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 362. 9.
dimidiatus (Ashmead). No. Amer.; West Indies. Host: Agromyza sp., Cerodontha (Cerodontha)
dorsalis (Loew), Liriomyza sp., L. munda Frick, L. trifolii (Burgess), Phytobia sp.,
Phytomyza opacae Kulp.
Adelura dimidiatus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 647. 6.
Eutrichopsis agromyzae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 622. 9 .
downesi Gahan. N. Y., Ont., Mich., B. C, Wash. Host: Rhagoletis berberis Curran, R.
pomonella (Walsh), R. tabellaria (Fitch).
Opius downesi Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 164. 9.
Opius (Opius) berberidis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 358. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286.
dreisbachi Fischer. Mich.
Opius (Opitis) dreisbachi Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 385. 9,6.
dubitarius Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) dubitarius Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 39. 9, 6.
eastridgeanus Fischer. Ga., Tenn., Wis., Wash.
Opius (Opius) eastridgeanus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 41. 9.
farmingdalicus Fischer. N. Y.
Opius {Opius) farmingdalicus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 475. S.
Opius (Opius) cinereifactus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 503. 9,6.
Opius (Opius) farmingdalensis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 507. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286.
Opius (Opius) foutsi Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 401. 9.
Opius (Opius) westerlyanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 528. 9.
frequens Fischer. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich., Minn., Man., Wash., Oreg. Host: Rhagoletis
fausta (0. S.).
Opius (Opius) frequens Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 279. 9,6.
fulvicollis Thomson. Que., Maine, N. Y., Pa., Ont.; Europe. Host: Pegomya hyoscyami
hyoscyami (Panz.).
Opius fulvicollis Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent., fasc. 20, p. 2181. 9,6.
Opius cupidus Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 162. 9.
gracillariae Gahan. Ohio, Minn., Mo., Kans. This species has been recorded as a parasite of
Porphyrosela desmodiella (Clem.) which needs to be confirmed.
Bracon gracillariae Ashmead, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 349. Nom. nud.
Opius gracillariae Gahan, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 90. 9.
gravicornis Fischer. Que.
Opius (Opius) gravicornis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 230. 6.
hancockanus Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) hayicockanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 426. 9.
hardmanni Fischer. Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Opius (Opius) hardmanni Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 211. 9, 6.
heroicus Fischer. N. C.
Optus heroicus Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 792. 9 .
hoffmanni Fischer. Ga., Mich., Minn. Host: Phytobia {Nemorimyza) posticata (Meig.).
Opius (Ophis) hoffmanni Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 391. 9,6.
hoUisterensis Fischer. Idaho.
Opius (Opius) hoUisterensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 328. 9.
Opius (Opius) hagemianicus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 43. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 286.
hubbelli Fischer. Ont., Mich.
Opius (Opius) hubbelli Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 101. 9.
igneus Fischer. N. Y., N. C, S. C, Fla.; Cuba.
Opius (Opius) igneus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 477. 9, <J.
Opius (Opius) pinkbedsanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 488. 9, cJ.
ignifer Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) ignifer Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 232. 9.
ilicis Nixon. B. C; Europe. Introduced from England. Host: Phytomyza ilicis (Curt.).
Opius (Opius) pallidipalpalis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 482. 9, cJ.
Opius (Opius) paratakomanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 484. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
pallipesWesmael. Alta., Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Opius pallipes Wesmael, 1835. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 118. 9, cJ.
Opius pallidipes Marshall, 1891. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1891: 27. Emend.
pandora Fischer. S. C.
Opius pandora Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 799. 9.
paradisiacus Fischer. Fla.
Opius (Opitis) paradisiacus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 456. 9.
paralleliformis Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) paralleliformis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 452. 6.
parawattacooanus Fischer. S. C, B. C.
Opius (Opius) parawattacooanus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 517. 9.
parkeranus Fischer. Ariz.
Opius (Opius) parkeranus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 458. 9 .
parvifossa Fischer. Que., N. B., N. S., Vt., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Tenn., Wis., Minn., Kans.
Opius (Opius) parvifossa Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 294. 9,6.
paulior Fischer. Que.
Opius (Opius) paulior Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 107. 9 .
paulus Fischer. Calif. Host: Agromyza sp., Phytobia (Calycomyza) jucunda (Wulp).
Opius (Opius) paulus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 109. 6.
pauper Fischer. Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Agromyza sp.
Opius (Opius) pauper Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 519. 9, 6.
11. 9, 6.
peleus Fischer. S. C.
Opius peleus Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 802. 6.
Opius telephosi Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 812. 9.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
pendulus Haliday. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.; Europe.
Opius pendulus Haliday, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 205. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 211
Opius (Hypolabis) pequodorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 183. 9.
Opius (Opius) testaceifactus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 220. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
prolongatus Fischer. S. C.
Opius (Opius) prolongatus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 459. 9 .
provancheri Dalla Torre. N. Y. s. to Ga., w. to Ont. and Iowa; Kans., Colo., Ariz.
Opius ruficeps Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 124. 9. Preocc.
by Wesmael, 1835.
Opius provancheri Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 64. N. name for ruficeps
Provancher.
Opius demodokos Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 785. 9, i.
pseudocoiumbiacus Fischer. N. C.
Opius (Opius) pseudocoiumbiacus Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 489. S.
pseudoromensis Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) pseudoromensis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 58. 9.
rheasilviae Fischer. N. Y.
Opius rheasilviae Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 804. 9.
richardsi Fischer. Calif.
Opius (Opius) richardsi Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 111. 9.
richmondi Gahan. Maine, Minn. Host: Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh).
Opius richmondi Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 165. 9, cJ.
robsonensis Fischer. B. C, Wash.
Opius (Opius) robsonensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 300. 9,6.
romensis Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) romensis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 59. 9 .
Neopius carinaticeps Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 204. 9, <J.
ruficolor Fischer. Fla.
Opius (Opius) ruficolor Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 492. 9.
rufipleurum Fischer. N. Y., S. C.
Opius (Opiics) rufipleurum Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 264. 9, cJ.
suturalis Gahan. Tex., Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Haplomyza sp., Liriomyza sp., L. munda Frick,
L. pictella (Thomson), L. propepusilla Frost.
Opius suturalis Gahan, 1913. Canad. Ent. 45: 146. cJ.
sybille Fischer. D. C.
Opius sybille Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 807. 9.
tabellariae Fischer. N. Y., Minn. Host: Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch).
Opius {Opius) tabellariae Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 305. 9, cJ.
tablerockensis Fischer. S. C.
Opius (Opius) tablerockensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 250. 9, d.
takomaanus Fischer. N. Y., Md., S. C.
Opius (Opius) takomaanus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 20. 6.
tangens Fischer. Fla.
Opiiis (Opius) tangens Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 442. 9.
telamonis Fischer. S. C.
Opius tela7nonis Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 810. 9.
telramundi Fischer. S. C.
Opius telramundi Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 815. 9.
thalis Fischer. S. C.
Opius thalis Fischer, 1970. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 817. 9.
(Ashmead). Mass. s. to Ga.; Minn. Host: Liriomyza melanopyga (Loew).
tibialis
Adelura tibialis Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 79. 6.
Opius (Opius) extirattis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 473. 6.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
townesi Fischer. Md., Va.
Opius (Opiiis) townesi Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 22. 9, 6.
troyensis Fischer. N. Y.
Opius (Opius) troyensis Fischer, 1964. Polskie Pismo Ent. 34: 325. 9.
turneri Gahan. N. Y., Va., S. C, Fla., Ont., Mich., Wis., Miss., Minn., Alta., B. C.
Opius turneri Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 163. 9, <J.
utahensis Gahan. Que., Mass., Del., Va., Fla., Ohio, Tenn., Minn., Iowa, S. Dak., Utah. Host:
Agromyza parvicomis Loew.
Opius utahensis Gahan, 1913. Canad. Ent. 45: 145. 9, d.
virentis Fischer. Del, Va., Ohio, Mo., Kans. Host: Melanagroiyiyza virens (Loew).
Opius (Opius) virentis Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 113. 9, 6 .
Trigonospilus hopkinsi Ashmead, 1901. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 134. Type lost, exact generic
placement uncertain.
Subfamily ALYSIINAE
This subfamily, sometimes called the "exodont braconids," is characterized by widely spaced
mandibles with teeth that curve outward and do not touch when closed. The hosts are dipterous
larvae with pupation taking place within the host puparium. Most North American genera and
species are unstudied.
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 830-832. — Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p.
937-1113 (cat. World spp.).
214 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Tribe DACNUSINI
Griffiths (see references below) has studied the European species but also made extensive
revisions of the World genera. Most of the described North American species are placed in the
genera below according to his concepts
Hosts are restricted to the dipterous family Agromyzidae.
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 823-913 (includes diagnoses and key to World
genera). —Griffiths, 1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 16: 551-605, 775-951. —Griffiths, 1967. Beitr. z.
Ent. 17: 654-696. —Griffiths, 1968. Beitr. z. Ent. 18: 5-152.
Biology: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 823-913. —Griffiths, 1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 16: 551-605,
775-951. —Griffiths, 1967. Beitr. z. Ent. 17: 654-696. —Griffiths, 1968. Beitr. z. Ent. 18:
5-152.
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 847-848, 859 (generic syn. and diag.).
— Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 1030-1033 (cat. World spp.).
bergi (Riegel). Conn., N. Y., Mich., Minn., Kans. Host: Hydrellia ascita Cress., H. cruralis Coq.
Chorebidella bergi Riegel, 1950. Ent. News 61: 128. 9, cJ.
quadriceps (Ashmead). N. Y.
Brachystropha quadriceps Ashmead, 1901. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 47: 587. 6.
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 848-852, 859-860 (generic syn., diag.). —Griffiths,
1968. Beitr. z. Ent. 18: 113-136 (key to some Eur. spp.). —Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat, part
1033-1070 (cat. World spp.).
11, p.
astigmus (Ashmead). N. Y.
Rhizarcha astigma Ashmead, 1901. N. Y. State Mus, Bui. 47: 587. 9, 6.
confusus (Ashmead). Mich.
Dacnusa confusa Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 650. S.
crassitelus (Provancher). Ont., Mich., Iowa.
Dacnusa crassitelus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 148. 9.
flavocinctus (Ashmead). D. C, Tenn.
Dacnusa flavocincta Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 651. S.
gracilis (Ne«s). Ont., B. C; Europe. Introduced from England. Host: Psila (C hamaepsila)
rosae (P.).
Alysia gracilis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 257. 9,6.
Harrington (Ashmead). Alaska.
i
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 844-847, 857-858 (generic syn., diag., considered
as subgenus of Coelinius Nees). —
Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 1070-1074 (cat.
World spp.).
ferruginea Gahan. Ont. s. to Mo., w. to Alta., Oreg., and Ariz. Host: Meromyza americana
Fitch.
Coelinidea ferruginea Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 434. 9, 6.
hopkinsii (Ashmead). N. S. and Que. s. to Va., w. to Man., Colo., and Tex.
Coelinius Hopkinsii Ashmead, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 79. 9.
linearis (Provancher). Que,
Microctonus linearis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 127. 9.
longula (Ashmead). Colo.
Coelinius longulus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 651. 6.
meromyzae (Forbes). Maine s. to Md., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Meromyza americana
Fitch.
Coelinius meromyzae Forbes, 1884 (1883). Noxious Ins. Ill, Rpt. 13: 26. 9, S.
Coelinius nigripes Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 19. <J. N. syn.
216 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 853-854, 860-861 (generic syn., diag.). —Griffiths,
1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 16: 892-899 (key to Eur. spp.). —
Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p.
1081-1100 (cat. World spp.).
clavata (Provancher). Que.
Radiolaria clavata Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 155. ?.
Taxonomy: Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 854-855, 862 (generic syn., diag.). —Griffiths,
1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 16: 588-589, 876-878 (key to Eur. spp.). —Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat.,
part 11, p. 1101-1105 (cat. World spp.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 217
Taxonomy: Rohwer, 1914. Ent. News 25: 168-172 (No. Amer. spp.). —Griffiths, 1964. Beitr. z.
Tribe ALYSIINI
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Polskie Pismo Ent. 41: 22-25 (key to World genera).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Polskie Pismo Ent. 41: 25 (generic syn.). —Shenefelt, 1974. Hym.
Cat., part 11, p. 939-955 (cat. World spp.).
alticola (Ashmead). Que., Colo., B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Pentapleura alticola Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 18. 9.
Biology: Lindquist, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 414-415 (as Alysia ndibunda Say). —Roberts,
1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 481-484 (as Alysia ridibunda Say). —Lindquist, 1940. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 33: 104-112 (as Alysia ridibunda Say).
coxalis (Ashmead). Alaska.
Anarcha coxalis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 241. 6.
ridibunda Say. Ont. s. to Fla., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Oxysarcodexia ventricosa (Wulp);
dung-feeding flies. All references to Alysia ridibunda Say as a parasite of
1968. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 207. —Marsh, 1968. Ent. Soc.
Taxonomy: Burgess and Wingo,
Wash., Proc. 70: 208-209.
indicated as
Biology: Burgess and Wingo, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 70: 204-208 (host
Ravinia assidua (Wlkr.) which is a misident. of Oxysarcodexia ventricosa (Wulp)).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 956-964 (cat. World spp.).
Musca domestica L.
Aphaereta muesebecki Marsh, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 417. 9, <J.
Aphaereta soronastes Mason, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 139. 9, <J.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 219
pallipes (Say). North America; Hawaii. Host: Atrichomelina pubera (Loew), Blaesoxipha
kellyi (Aldr.), Calycomyza jucunda (Wulp), Haematobia irritans (L.), Helicobia rapax
(Wlkr.), Hylemya antiqua (Meig.), H. brassicae (Bouche), H. platura (Meig.), Lucilia sp.,
Musca mitumyialis DeG., M. domestica L., Muscina assimilis (Fallen), Orthiellia
caesarion (Meig.), Oxysarcodexia ventricosa (Wulp), Ravinia derelicta (Wlkr.), R.
latisetosa Parker, R. Iherminieri (Rob.-Desv.), R. querula (Wlkr.), Sarcophaga aldrichi
Parker, S. houghi Aldr., Tritoxa flexa (Wied.).
Alysia pallipes Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Phila. 1: 77.
Trichesia auripes Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 203. ?, cJ.
Tinaria pilicomis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 149. 9.
Aphaereta muscae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 646. 9, 6.
Aphaereta califomica Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 647. 9.
Aphaereta oscinidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 647. 9.
Aphaereta pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 42. Emend.
Aphaereta delosa Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 283. 9, 6.
Aphaereta subtricarinata Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 283. 9.
Aphaereta pegomyiae Brues, 1907. Extr. MS. Rpt. Minn. State Ent., p. 4. 9, d.
Aphaereta sarcophagae Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 158. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: McComb, 1958. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 60: 223-224.
scirpi Fischer. Mich. Host: Diptera, unknown species in Scirpus occidentalis Chase.
Aphaereta scirpi Fischer, 1966. Reichenbachia 6: 170. 9,6.
varipedis Fischer. N. Y., Va., W. Va. Host: Cordilura varipes (Wlkr.).
Aphaereta varipedis Fischer, 1966. Reichenbachia 6: 171. 9, 3.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Polskie Pismo Ent. 41: 68. — Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p.
964-966 (cat. World spp.).
fungicola (Ashmead). Conn., Ohio, 111.
Phaenocarpa (Spanista) fungicola Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 49.
6.
Asobara lineata Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p.
213. 9.
tabida (Nees). Conn., Pa.; Europe. Host: Drosophila melanogaster Meig.
Alysia tabida Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 252. 9.
Spanista rufescens Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 19: 267.
Alysia anomala Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent., fasc. 20, p. 2290. 9.
Scotioneurus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 152, 156.
Type-species: Scotioneurus stenostigma Provancher. Desig. by Gahan, 1913.
Revision: Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 91-114. —Fischer, 1969. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 71: 361-368. -Fischer, 1969. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 27: 55-78. —Fischer,
1969. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl., Sitzber. 178: 243-259. —Fischer, 1969. Redia 51:
187-209. —Fischer, 1970. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ann. 74: 91-127. All above references are
to No. Amer. spp.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 91 (generic syn.). — Shenefelt,
1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 966-982 (cat. World spp.).
Aspilota communis Fischer, 1969. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl, Sitzber. 178: 250. 9,
6.
compressigaster Fischer. Md.
Aspilota compressigaster Fischer, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 363. 9.
convexula Fischer. Colo.
Aspilota convexula Fischer, 1970. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ann. 74: 109. 6.
cultrata Fischer. Md.
Aspilota cultrata Fischer, 1970. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ann. 74: 111. 9.
curtibasis Fischer. Md.
Aspilota curtibasis Fischer, 1970. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ann. 74: 113. 9.
disstriae Fischer. Vt.
Aspilota disstriae Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 105. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 221
sylvaticae Fischer. Iowa. Ecology: "Reared from larva in rotting CoUybia radicata."
Aspilota sylvaticae Fischer, 1969. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl, Sitzber. 178: 256. 9,
3.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Naturh. Mus. Wien, Ann. 77: 256-258 (redescr.).
barthii (Brues). Wis. Host: Temnostoma bombylans {¥.).
Asobara barthii Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 57. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Naturh. Mus. Wien, Ann. 77: 258-260 (redescr.).
rufiventris (Nees). Calif.
Bassus rufiventris Nees, 1814 (1812). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 213. 9.
Alysia (Alysia) flaviveiitris Haliday, 1838. Ent. Mag. 5: 240. 9.
Alysia {Phaenocarpa) gracilicornis Thomson, 1895. Opusc Ent., fasc. 20, p. 2283. 9, 6.
Glypliogaster Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, p. 148.
Taxonomy: Konigsmann, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 624-654. — Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part
11, p. 993-995 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1967. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ann. 70: 128-130 (redescr.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 997-1001 (cat. World spp.).
dyari Fischer. B. C.
Orthostigma dyari Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 83. 9.
224 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
prebblei Fischer. N. S.
Orthostigma prebblei Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 87. 9.
sculleni Fischer. Oreg.
Orthostigyua sculleni Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 88. 9.
sheldoni (Fischer), n. comb. N. Y., N. J., Md., Colo.
Aspilota sheldoni Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 95. 9, J.
terryvillensis (Fischer), n. comb. Conn.
Aspilota terryvillensis Fischer, 1969. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 97. 9.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1971. Polskie Pismo Ent. 41: 126-130 (Eur. spp.).
— Shenefelt, 1974. Hym.
Cat., part 11, p. 1001-1003 (cat. World spp.).
foveolata Viereck. Conn.
Pentapleura foveolata Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22, p. 213. 6.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part 11, p. 1003-1017 (cat. World spp.).
benjaminica Fischer. N. C.
Phaenocarpa benjaminica Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 125. 9.
pegomyiae Brues.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Naturh. Mus. Wien, Ann. 77: 252 (redescr.).
brunnicornis Fischer. Mich.
Phaenocarpa brunnicornis Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 132. 9.
californica Fischer. Calif., Alaska.
Phaenocarpa californica Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 134. 9, S.
collorufa Fischer. N. H.
Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Norn. nud.
Idiolexis collaris
Phaenocarpa collorufa Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 140. 9.
compressigaster Fischer. Oreg.
Phaenocarpa compressigaster Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 142. 9.
conjuncta Fischer. Wash.
Phaenocarpa conjuncta Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 145. S.
convergcns Fischer. Alaska.
Phaenocarpa convergens Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 147. 9.
convexinotum Fischer. Alaska.
Phaenocarpa convexinotum Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 293. 6.
idolica Fischer. N. C.
Phaenocarpa idolica Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 314. 9,6.
incerta Fischer. N. Y., S. C, Calif., Alaska.
Phaenocarpa incerta Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 317. 9,6.
indistincta Fischer. Que., Mich., Alaska.
Phaenocarpa indistincta Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 178. 9, 6.
josephi Fischer. Alaska.
Phaenocarpa josephi Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 320. 9.
kansensis Shenefelt. Kans.
Kahlia flavipes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 107. Preocc. by Hahday, 1838.
Phaenocarpa kansensis Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat., part, 11, p. 1009. N. name {or flavipes
Ashmead.
Phaenocarpa ashmeadi Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 117. N. name tor flavipes
Ashmead.
Taxonomy: Fischer, 1973. Naturh. Mus. Wien, Ann. 77: 245 (redescr.).
rugipars Fischer. N. Y.
Phaenocarpa rugipars Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 343. 9.
sculptata Fischer. Colo.
Phaenocarpa sculptata Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 345. 3.
signicauda Fischer. Alaska.
Phaenocarpa signicauda Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 348. 9.
sinefovea Fischer. S. C.
Phaenocarpa sinefovea Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 350. 9, d.
studiata Fischer. Alaska.
Phaenocarpa studiata Fischer, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 353. 9.
supramedia Fischer. Newfoundland, Fla.
Phaenocarpa supramedia Fischer, 1974. Polskie Pismo Ent. 44: 217. S.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1974. Hym. Cat, part 11, p. 1020-1024 (cat. World spp.).
Subfamily SIGALPHINAE
This is a small group of genera that have been previously included in the subfamily
Cheloninae because of the first three abdominal terga which form a solid carapace. However, the
articulation between the first two abdominal terga is movable in the Sigalphinae. The biology is
not known in detail but hosts are apparently lepidopterous larvae.
Taxonomy: De Saeger, 1948. Explor. Pare Natl. Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte, fasc. 53, p.
63-64 (key to genera). —Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 659. —
Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat.,
part 10, p. 931-935 (cat. World spp.).
Subfamily CHELONINAE
This is a distinctive group of braconids characterized by the rigid abdominal carapace formed
by the fusion of the first three terga. The Triaspidinae have been associated with the Cheloninae
on the basis of their similar abdominal structure, but their biologies, larval morphology and wing
venation are all very different.
Species of the Cheloninae are typical egg-larval parasites of Lepidoptera, the adult ovipositing
in the host egg but the parasite larva completing its development in the host larva.
230 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 657. — Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 859.
-Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 813-931 (cat. World spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 814-838 (cat. World spp.).
argentifrons (Provancher). Que., Pa., N. J., 111. Host: Depressaria pastinacella (Dup.).
Chelonus argentifrons Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 145. d.
flaviceps Ashmead. Que., N. Y., Mich., 111., Tex.
Ascogaster flaviceps Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 636. 9.
mimetica Viereck. N. Y., 111., Iowa, Kans.
Ascogaster mimeticus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 277. 9.
olethreuti Viereck. Colo., Wash. Host: Endothenia rubipunctana (Kearf.).
Ascogaster olethreuti Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 617. 9, 6.
provancheri Dalla Torre. Que., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., Ohio, Mich. Host: Taniva albolineana
(Kearf.).
Ascogaster nifipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 146. 9.
Preocc. by Latreille, 1809.
Ascogaster provancheri Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 4, p. 196. N. name for rufipes
Provancher.
provancheri Wise, Minn. Host:
var. vierecki Shenefelt. N. H., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Mich.,
Proteoteras moffatiana Fern.
Ascogaster provancheri var. pallidicomis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p. 231. Preocc. by Curtis, 1837.
Ascogaster provancheri var. vierecki Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 828. N. name
for pallidicomis Viereck.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 838-872 (cat. World spp.).
aculeatus Ashmead. N. Dak., Wyo., Colo.
Chelonus aculeatus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 17. 9.
altitudinus Viereck. 111., Mo., S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Idaho;
Mexico. Host:
Homoeosoma electelhim (Hulst).
Chelonus altitudinis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 278. 9.
annulipes Wesmael. Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Del.; Europe. Introduced from Italy. Host:
Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). Other locality and host records for No. Amer. need to be
confirmed.
Chelonus annulipes Wesmael, 1835. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 221. 9 .
electus Cresson. Tex., Colo., Calif. Host: Melitara sp., Ozamia sp.
Chelonus electus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 180. 9, S.
inanitus (Linnaeus). Calif.?; Europe, Asia. Liberated in Calif, but apparently not established.
Introduced from France. Host: Etiella zinckenella (Treit.).
Cynips inanitus Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Nat., 12th Ed., p. 919.
91-92. -Stone, 1965. U. S. Dept.
Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1321, p. 26.
— Rechav and Orion, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 457-462.
insularis Cresson. No. Amer., Cent. Amer., So. Amer., W. Indies. Host: Ephestia elutella
(Hbn.), Feltia subterranea (F.), Heliothis zea (Boddie), Loxostege
sticticalis (L.),
Chelonus texanoides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 286. 9 .
232 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Chelonus exogyrus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 287. 9.
Chelonus bipustulatus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 476. 9.
Biology: Pierce and Holloway, 1912. Jour. Econ. Ent. 5: 425-428 (as texanus). Ullyett,
—
1949. Canad. Ent. 81: 25-44 (as texanus). —Vinson, 1975. Amer. Ent. Soc, Ann. 68:
381-384 (as texanus).
iridescens Cresson. Colo., Alaska. Other locality records need confirmation.
Chelonus iridescens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 294. S.
knabi Viereck. N. J., Va., Ohio. Host: Chilo plejadellus Zinck.
Chelonus knabi Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 178. 9, 6.
konkaputus Viereck. Conn., N. Y., Md., D. C.
Chelonus (Chelonus) konkaputus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22, p. 233. 9.
laticinctus Cresson. Tex., Colo.
Chelonus laticinctus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 180. 9.
narayani Subba Rao. Tex.?; India. Liberated in Texas but not estabHshed. Introduced from
India. Host: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.).
Chelonus narayani Subba Rao, 1955. Indian Jour. Ent. 17: 63. 9,6.
nebraskensis (La Munyon). Nebr.
Davisania nebraskensis La Munyon, 1877. Nebr. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Proc. No page number.
parvus Say. Ind.
Chelonus parvus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 265.
phaloniae Mason. Man. Host: Phalonia hospes (Wlsm.).
Chelonus phaloniae Mason, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 49. 9, 6.
pygmaeus Viereck. B. C.
Chelonus pygmaeus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 72. 6.
Revision: McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149, 148 pp. (No. Amer. spp.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 233
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 873-907 (cat. World spp.).
abnormalis McComb. Te.\.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) abnormalis McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 16. 9,6.
absonus McComb. Tex.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) abso7ius McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 17. 9.
aciculatus McComb. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) aciculatus McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 18. 9, (J.
Chelonus nucleolus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 287. 9.
ceanothi McComb. Ont. Host: Bucculatrix ceanothiella Braun.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) ceanothi McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 38. 9, 6.
cephelanthi McComb. Tex. Host: Phalonia cephalanthana Heinr.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) cephelanthi McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 39. 9.
chrysogaster McComb. Iowa.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) chrysogaster McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 39. 6.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) fulgidus McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 62. 9.
fuscipennis McComb. N.Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., Ont., Mich., Wis., N. Dak., Colo.
S.,
Chelonus (Microchelonus) fuscipeimis McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 64. 9,6.
gossypicola McComb. Tex. Host: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.).
Chelonus (Microchelonus) gossypicola McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 65. 9, cJ.
hopping! (Viereck). B. C.
Chelonella hoppingi Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 71. 9, i.
hurdi McComb. Calif.
Chelonus {Microchelonus) hurdi McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149, p.
73. 9.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) longipalpis McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 84. 9,6.
marshi McComb. Calif.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) marshi McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 85. 9, 6.
masoni McComb. Calif.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) masoni McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 86. 9, 6.
mccombi Marsh. Tex.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) aberrans McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. A-149,
p. 15. 9, cJ. Preocc. by Tobias, 1964.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 237
Chelonus {Microchelonus) mccombi Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 285. N. name
for aberrans McComb.
medicaginis McComb. Alta., S. Dak., Colo.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) medicaginis McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 87. 9.
minimus Cresson. Tex.
Chelonus miniiuus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 181. 9.
nigripennis Ashmead. D. C.
Chelonus nigripennis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 635. S.
pallidus Ashmead. Md.
Chelonus pallidus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 635. "9" = J.
paradoxus McComb. Wis.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) paradoxus McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 91. 9.
pectinophorae Cushman. Tex.?; Korea, China, Japan, Formosa. Liberated in Tex. but not
established. Introduced from Japan. Host: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.).
Chelonus (Chelonella) pectiywphorae Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (14): 11. 9,
6.
Chelonella nitobei Sonan, 1932. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, Trans. 22: 74. 9, cJ.
periplocae McComb. Calif. Host: Periploca nigra Hodges.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) periplocae McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 96. 9.
Biology: Koehler and Tauber, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 566.
petrovae McComb. S. Dak., Nebr., Idaho, Calif. Host: Eucosma recissoriana Heinr.,
Rhyacionia bushnelli (Busck).
Chelonus (Microchelonus) petrovae McComb, 1965. Ent. News 76: 179. 9, d.
phthorimaeae Gahan. N. J., Va., La., Tex., Colo., Idaho, Oreg., Calif.; Mex., Bermuda. Host:
Keiferia inconspicuella (Murtf.), Phthorimaea operculella (Zell), Tildenia gudmannella
(Wlsm.).
Chelonus phthorimaeae Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 199. 9, cJ.
Biology: Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427, p. 40-41 (as shoskoneanorum Viereck).
plesius (Viereck). B. C.
Chelonella plesius Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 72. 6.
ponderosae McComb. Ariz.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) ponderosae McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 99. 9, (J.
prolatricornis McComb. P. E. I.
Chelonus (Microchelonus) prolatricornis McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 101. 9.
recurvariae McComb. N. H., Pa., Ohio, Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Exoteleia dodecella (L.), E.
pinifoliella (Chamb.), Petrova albicapitaiia (Busck), Recurvaria sp.
Chelomis (Microchelonus) recurvariae McComb, 1968 (1967). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
A-149, p. 108. 9, <J.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 10, p. 909-928 (cat. World spp.).
erythrocephala Rohwer. Ga., Wis., Mont., Colo., N. Mex., Calif. Host: Hedulia injectiva Heinr.,
Laspeyresia piperana (Kearf.), L. toreuta (Grote).
Phanerotoma erythrocephala Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 166. 9, 6.
fasciata Provancher. Newfoundland, Ont. s. to Fla. and Tex., w. to N. W. T., B. C. and Oreg.
Host: Acrobasis caryae Grote, Grapholitha interstinctana (Clem.), G. molesta (Busck),
G. packardi (Zell.), Laspeyresia a7iara7ijada Miller, L. caryana (Fitch), L. iiige^is Heinr.,
L. nigricana (Steph.), L. pomonella (L.), Melissopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.). Prior to 1951,
this species was frequently misidentified as tibialis (Haldeman).
Phanerotoma fasciata Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 200. 9.
Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p. 40-41.
flavitestacea Fischer. Calif; Israel, Yugoslovia, North Africa, Spain. Introduced from Israel.
Host: Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zell.), Paramyelois transitella (Wlkr.).
Phanerotoma flavitestacea Fischer, 1959. Acta Mus. Maced. Sci. Nat. 6: 18. 9, S.
Biology: Biliotti and Daumal, 1971. Zool. Ecol. Anim., Ann. 1: 379-394.
franklin! Gahan. N. S. and Que. s. to Fla., w. to 111. and Tex.; Calif. Host: Acrobasis vaccinii
Riley.
Phanerotoma franklini Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 200. 9, S.
240 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
grapholithae Muesebeck. Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va.; Japan, Korea, China. Introduced from
Japan. Host: Grapholitha molesta (Busck), G. pmnivora (Walsh), Laspeyresia pomonella
(L.).
Phanerotoma grapholUhae Muesebeck, 1933. Ent. See. Wash., Proc. 35: 50. 9, 6.
Biology: Parker, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1036, p. 12-16. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 121.
recurvariae Cushman. Conn., Pa., Fla., Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Recurvaria nanella (Hbn.),
Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Phanerotoma recurvariae Cushman, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 78. 9, 6.
Subfamily ADELIINAE
Genus ADELIUS Haliday
Adelius Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 262.
Type-species: Adelius subfasciatus Haliday. Monotypic.
Acaelius Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 231. Emend.
Acoelius Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 539. Emend.
Pleiomerus Wesmael. 1837. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 67.
Type-species: Adelius subfasciatus Haliday. Monotypic.
Anomopterus Rohwer, 1914. Psyche 21: 80.
Type-species: Anomopterus fasciipennis Rohwer. Orig. desig.
Myriola Shestakov, 1932. Zool. Anz. 99: 259.
Type-species: Myriola gussakovskii Shestakov. Monotypic.
This group, which is distinctive both morphologically and biologically, has been included in the
Microgastrinae in the past. Recent workers (Capek, 1965; Nixon, 1965; Tobias, 1967) have
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 241
proposed a separate subfamily for Adelius, and a few related genera, which has affinities with
the Cheloninae as well as the Microgastrinae. Hosts are larvae of leaf mining microlepidoptera.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 12-14 (No. Amer. spp.). -Telenga,
1955. Fauna U. S. S. R., v. 5, n. 4, p. 15-19 (some Eur. spp.).
Taxonomy: Capek, 1965. 12th Internatl.Cong. Ent., London, Proc. 1964, p. 98. —Nixon, 1965.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui., Sup. 2, p. 8-10. —Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 658.
— Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 7, p. 670-675 (cat. World spp.).
coloradensis Muesebeck. 111., La., Colo.
Adelius coloradeyisis Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 14. 6.
Subfamily MICROGASTRINAE
All species of this, the largest subfamily of the Braconidae, are internal parasites of lepidop-
terous larvae. Some of the most important species in biological control belong to this group.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 6-76 (No. Amer. spp.).
Tribe MICROGASTRINI
Revision: Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui., Sup. 2, p. 6-284 (key World genera).
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui., Sup. 2, p. 17-25 (key to spp.
groups). — Shenefelt, 1972. Hym. Cat., part 7, p. 429-668 (cat. World spp.).
absonus Muesebeck. Newfoundland, N. Mex.,
Ont., Maine, Wis., Minn., Man., Alta., Mont., Colo.,
Idaho, Utah, B.C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Acleris variana (Fern.), Archippus packardianus
(Fern.), Argyrotaenia dorsalana (Dyar), Choristoneura fiimiferana (Clem.), C.
occidentalis Freem., Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Epinotia nanana (Treits.), Griselda
radicana Heinr., Taniva alboUneana (Kearf.), Zeiraphera canadensis M. and F., Z.
griseana (Hbn.), Z.fortunana (Kearf.), Z. improbana (Wlkr.).
Apanteles absonus Muesebeck, 1965. Ent. News 76: 71. $, 6.
Taxonomy: Mason, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 1098-1100.
acaudus (Provancher). Maine, Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Va., Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Hydria
prunivorata (Ferg.), H. undulata (L.).
Microgaster acaudus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 142. 9,
S.
Apanteles hydriae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 561. 9,6.
aciculatus (Ashmead). Mo., Tex.; West Indies, Cent. Amer.
Urogaster aciculatus Ashmead, 1900. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1900: 289. 6.
Pseudapayiteles sanctivincenti Ashmead, 1900. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1900: 291. 9,
6. Preocc. by Ashmead, 1900: 279.
Apanteles thoracicus Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 534. N. name for
sanctivincenti Ashmead, 1900: 291.
acrobasidis Muesebeck. Md., Fla., Miss. Host: Acrobasis caryae Grote (?), Gretchena bolliana
(Sling.).
Apanteles acrobasidis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 509. 9.
acronyctae (Riley). N. H. s. to N. J., w. to Ont. and Mo.; Colo., Calif. Host: Acronicta dactylina
(Grote), A. leporina (L.) (?), A. lepusculina Gn., A. oblinita (Smith), Merolonche liipini
(Grote), Orgyia leucostigma (Smith) (?).
Microgaster acronyctae Riley, 1870. Ins. Mo., Ann. Rpt. 2: 120.
Apanteles acronyctae Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 312. i .
americanus (Lepeletier). Fla., Miss., Okla., Tex., Ariz. Host: Erinnyis ello (L.), Manduca sp.
Microgaster americanus Lepeletier, 1825. Encycl. Meth. Ins. 10: 42. 9, 6.
Microgaster flaviventris Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 66. 9.
Apanteles mexicanus Ashmead, 1895. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. 5: 545. 9, 6.
ammalonis Muesebeck. N. J. Host: Cycnia tenera Hbn.
Apanteles ammalonis Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (7): 8. 9, 6.
angaleti Muesebeck. La.(?), Tex.(?); India, Sumatra. Liberated in La. and Tex. but not
established. Introduced from India. Host: Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund.).
Apanteles angaleti Muesebeck, 1954. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 61. 9, 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 243
anisotae Muesebeck. N. B. s. to Md.; Ont. Host: Anisota senatoria (Smith), A. stigma (F.), A. s.
coviptana fragaria (W. and R.), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.), Aristotelia fimgivorella
(Chamb.), Aroga trialbamaculella (Chamb.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.),
Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Filatirna persicaeella (Murtf.), Gelechia sp.
Apanteles {Apanteles) aristoteliae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 613. S.
Apanteles (Apanteles) gelechiae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 615. 9.
Biology: Basinger, 1938. Hilgardia 11: 661-663.
atalantae (Packard). Mass., Pa., N. J., W. Va., Ont., Mich., Wis., Iowa, Mo., Minn., N. Dak.,
Sask., Alta., Colo., Tex. Host: Nymphalis antiopa (L.), A^. milberti (Godt.), Polygonia sp.,
Vanessa atalanta (L.).
Microgaster atalantae Packard, 1881 (1880). Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 28. 9, d.
autographae Muesebeck. Newfoundland, Que., Md., Va., S. C, Ga., Fla., Mich., La., S. Dak.,
Tex., Colo., Oreg. Host: Autographa sp., Autophisia egena (Gn.), Pseudaletia unipiincta
(Haw.), Pseudoplusia includens (Wlkr.), Rachiplusia on (Gn.), Spodoptera fmgiperda
(Sm.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Apanteles autographae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 547. 9.
baldufi Muesebeck. N. Y., N. C, Ont., Mich., Minn. Host: Acrobasis betulella Hulst, A.
rubrifasciella Pack., A. secundella Ely.
Apanteles baldufi Muesebeck, 1968. In Balduf, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 463. 9,6.
Biology: Balduf, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 464-465.
banksi Viereck. N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Mich., Minn.
Apanteles (Dolichogenidea) banksi Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 173. 9.
bedelliae Viereck. Conn. s. to Va., w. to Ont., Kans., and La.; Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Anomis erosa Hbn., Bedellia minor Busck, B. somnulentella (Zell.), Coleotechnites
thujaeella Kearf., Cosmopterix sp., Lithocolletis tremuloidiella Braun, Paraleucoptera
albella (Chamb.).
Apanteles (Protapanteles) bedelliae, Viereck. 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 174. 9, 6.
betheli Viereck. Colo. Host: Argyresthia sp.(?).
Apanteles (Apanteles) betheli Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 402. 9, i.
bucculatricis Muesebeck. Calif. Host: Bucculatrix albertiella Busck, B. thurberiella (Busck).
Apanteles bucculatricis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 502. 9, S.
bushnelli Muesebeck. N. C, Fla., Iowa, S. Dak., Nebr., Mont., Calif. Host: Dioryctria abietella
(D. and S.), D. clarioralis (Wlkr.), D. disclusa Heinr., Rhyacionia bushnelli (Busck), R.
pasadenana (Kearf.).
Apanteles bushnelli Muesebeck, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 196. 9, <J.
Biology: Telford, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 347-355. —Stark, 1961. Canad. Jour. Zool. 39: 894.
canarsiae Ashmead. Conn. s. and Kans.; Calif. Host: Acrobasis betulella
to Ga., w. to Ont.
Hulst, Ancylis comptana (Froel), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wlkr.), Desmia funeralis
(Hbn.), Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Psorosina hammondi (Riley).
Apanteles canarsiae Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 127. 9,6.
Apanteles (.Apanteles) housatannuckorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p. 189, 1-98.
Apanteles (Apanteles) maquinnai Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 190, 199. 9 .
Biology: FaUis, 1942. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D, Zool. Sci. 20: 13-19. —Key and Common,
1959. Austral. Jour. Zool. 7: 64.
cassianus Riley. Ill, Tex., Colo. Host: Colias eurytheme Bdvl., Etirema nicippe (Cram.).
Apanteles cassianus Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 307. 9, 6.
cerurae Muesebeck. Conn., N. J. Host: Cerura sp., C. scitiscripta Wlkr.
Apanteles cerurae Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (7): 15. 9, S.
charadrae Muesebeck. D. C. Host: Charadra deridens (Guen.).
Apanteles charadrae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 567. 9, cJ.
choreuti Viereck. N. J., Va., N. C, S. C, Fla., Iowa, Tex. Host: Choreutis carduiella Kearf.,
Desmia funeralis (Hbn.), Dichomeris sp., Hellula undalis (F.).
Apanteles (Pseudapanteles) choreuti Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 627. 9, cJ.
cinctiformis Viereck. N. Y. s. to Va., w. to Ont. and N. Dak.
Apanteles (Protapanteles) cinctiformis Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 176. 9.
cingiliae Muesebeck. N. S., Que., Mass., Ont. Host: Cingilia catenaria (Drury), Enypia
griseata Grossb., E. venata (Grote), Eupithecia gibsonata Tay., Nepytia canosaria
(Wlkr.).
Apanteles cingiliae Muesebeck, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (16): 6. 9, 6.
clavatus (Provancher). Canada; Maine s. to S. C, w. to Wis. and Ark,< Oreg., Calif. Host:
Archips argyrospilus (Wlkr.), Epinotia subviridis Heinr., Etiella zinckenella (Treit.),
Grapholitha molesta (Busck).
Microgaster clavatus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 196. 9, 6.
clisiocampae Ashmead. N. H., Conn., N. Y., N. J. Host: Malacosoma americanum (F.).
Apanteles clisiocampae Ashmead, 1903. In Fiske, N. H. Col. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. o:
229. 9.
Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Col. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 214-216.
cockerelli Muesebeck. Mich., Iowa, Mo., S. Dak., Nebr., Tex., N. Mex., Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host:
Isophrictus sp.
Apayiteles cockerelli Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 524. 9.
compressiventris Muesebeck. Baffin IsL, Que., N. H., N. W. T.; Europe. Host: Phragmatobia
fuliginosa (L.).
Apanteles compressiventris Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 535. 9, <S.
compressus Muesebeck. N. H., R. I., Mass. Host: Hypoprepia sp.
Apanteles compressus Muesebeck, 1919. Canad. Ent. 51: 114. 9, S.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 245
Biology: Gilmore, 1938. Jour. Econ. Ent. 31: 712-715. —Worth, 1939. Ent. News 50: 187-141.
—Fulton, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 240. —
Lawson, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52:
743-744. — Rabb and Thurston, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 125-128. —
Postley and
Thurston, 1974. Jour. Econ. Ent. 67: 716-718. —Thurston, 1976. Environ. Ent. 5: 626-627.
consimilis Viereck. Que. s. to Fla., w. to Man.; Miss., Tex.
Microgaster lateralis Provancher, 1886. Addit. (iorr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 141. 9.
Preocc. by Haliday, 1834.
Apanteles {Pseudapanteles) consimilis Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 177. 9.
crambi Weed. Md., Ohio, Ky., Tenn., Ill, Mo., Ark., S. Dak. Host: Crambus mutabilis Clem., C.
trisectus (Wlkr.), C. zeellus Fern.
Apanteles crambi Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3, p. 8. 9.
crassicornis (Provancher). Que. s. to Md., w. to Ont. and Iowa; Kans., Ariz.
Microgaster crassicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 142.
9.
cyaniridis Riley. Que., W. Va., Ill, Minn., Iowa, Utah. Host: Celastrina argioliis pseudargiolus
(Bdvl. and Lee), Incisalia henrici (G. and R.), Philotes battatoides bemardino B. and
McD.
Apanteles cyaniridis Riley, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies East. U. S., p. 1903. 9.
dakotae Muesebeck. S. Dak., Idaho.
Apanteles dakotae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 525. 9.
delicatus Howard. Corn. N. Y., D. C. Host: Orgyia leucostigma (Smith).
Apanteles delicatns Howard. 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 5: 24, 55. "d" =
9.
diacrisiae Gahan. Del. s. to S. C, w. to Kans. and La. Host: Dasychira basiflava (Pack.),
Diacrisia virginica (F.), Estigmene acrea (Drury), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Orgyia
definita (Pack.), 0. leucostigma (Sm.).
Apanteles diacrisiae Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 198. 9, cJ.
diatraeae Muesebeck. Tex., Ariz.; Mexico, Cent, and So. Amer., West Indies. Host: Diatraea
grandiosella Dyar, D. lineolata (Wlkr.), D. saccharalis (F.).
Apanteles diatraeae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 520. 9,6.
Biology: Davis, 1944. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 871, p. 1-19.
dignus Muesebeck. Fla., Calif.; Mexico, West Indies, Hawaii. Host: Keiferia lycopersicella
(Wlsm.), Tildenia gudmannella (Wlsm.).
Apanteles dignus Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 203. 9, 3.
Biology: Cardona and Oatman, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 996-1007.
246 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Apanteles (Apaiiteles) sibinidis Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 227. 9, cJ.
Biology: Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 60.
ensiger (Say). Maine s. to Fla., w. to Ont. and La.; Colo. Host: Crambus mutabilis Clem., C.
enypiae Mason. B. C. Host: Enypia griseata Grossb., E. moillietti Blkmr., E. venata (Grote).
Apanteles enypiae Mason, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 47. 9, 6.
epiblemae Muesebeck. Del., Ga., Fla., Miss., Ark., Kans., Calif. Host: Bactra verutana Zell.,
Epiblema strenuanum (Wlkr.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck).
Apanteles epiblemae Muesebeck, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 280. 9, S.
epinotiae Viereck. Maine s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Tex.; Ariz. Host: Acrobasis caryivorella
Rag., Episirnus argutanus (Clem.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Gypsonoma
salicicolana (Clem.), Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch),
Phalonia sp., Pterophorus periscelidactylus Fitch, Rhyacionia sp., Tetralopha robustella
Zell.
Apanteles (Apanteles) epinotiae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 614. 6.
Biology: Satterthwaite, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 730. —Nickels et al., 1950. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 4-6. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1256: 34-35.
etiellae Viereck. Pa., Va., Iowa, Ark., Kans., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Wash., Calif.; Mexico. Host:
Canarsia sp., Etiella zinckenella (Treit.), Olycella junctolineella (Hulst), Psorosina
hammondi (Riley), Ufa rubedinella (Zell).
Apanteles (Pseudapanteles) etiellae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 178. i.
Apanteles iselyi Cushman, 1919 Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 120. 9, S.
euchaetis Ashmead. N. H., Mass., N. Y., Va., Mich., Ill, Tex. Host: Euchaetias egle (Drury).
Apanteles euchaetis Ashmead, 1897. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 159. 9, d.
euphydryidis Muesebeck. Maine, N. Y., N. J., Md. Host: Euphydryas phaeton (Drury).
Apanteles euphydryidis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 58: 564. 9,6.
feltiae Viereck. Mich., Ohio, Ind., Minn., Iowa, N. Dak., S. Dak., Sask., Utah, Ariz., Idaho, Calif.
Host: Aristotelia absconditella (Wlkr.), Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.).
Apanteles (Protapanteles) feltiae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 625. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 247
fiskei Viereck. Mass., Wis., Mont., Wyo., Oreg. Host: Dasychira basiflava (Pack.), D. plagiata
(Wlkr.).
Apa7iteles (Protapanteles) fiskei Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 379. 9,6.
flaviconchae RUey. Maine s. to Va., w. to Minn, and Tex.; Ida., Utah, Ariz., Wash. Host:
Anthocaris midea (Hbn.), Autographa sp., Colias eurytheme Bdvl., C. philodice (Godart),
Plathypena scabra (F.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.).
Apanteles limenitidis form flaviconchae Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 308.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1947. Pan-Pacific Ent. 23: 21-22.
Apanteles nonaffriae Olliff, 1893. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 4: 376, 381. 9,6.
Apanteles (Stenopleura) simplicis Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 645. 9,6.
Apanteles jlavatiis Ishida, 1915. Kansho Meichu Chosa Hokoku 1: 97.
Biology: Gifford and Mann, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 44-47.
flavovariatus Muesebeck. Mich., S. Dak., Oreg. Host: Isia isabella (Smith).
Apanteles flavovariatus Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 528. 9,6.
floridanus Muesebeck. Fla. Host: Leucania latiuscnla H.-S.
Apanteles jloridanus Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 537. 9, 6.
forbesi Viereck. Mass.s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Kans.; Ariz., Oreg. Host: Feltia sp.,
Biology: Faure, 1926. Contrib. a I'etude de la Pieride du Chon. Univ. Lyon, p. 41-52.
—Hamilton, 1935. Ent. Monthly Mag. 71: 262-270. —Hamilton, 1936. Ent. Monthly Mag. 72:
25-27. —Johansson, 1951. Norsk. Ent. Tidsskr. B. 7 (4-5): 145-186. Matsuzawa, 1955. —
Kagawa-Ken Agr. Col, Tech. Bui. 7, p. 60. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1139, p. 77. —Blunck and Wilbert, 1959. Internatl. Congr. Crop Prot., Proc. 4, v. 1, p. 1017.
— Moiseeva, 1960. Leningrad. Vsesoiuzn. Inst. Rast., Trudy 14: 51. —Todd, 1962. N. Zeal.
Jour. Sci. 5: —Parker, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 721-735.
1-7 (distribution). Fuhrer and —
Keja, 1976. Ent. Exp. Appl. 19: 287-300.
Morphology: Marchal-Segault, 1974. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 10: 987-993 (larvae).
gordii Muesebeck. Maine, Conn. Host: Darapsa pholus (Cram.), Sphinx gordius Cram.
Apanteles gordii Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (7): 9. 9.
grifflni Viereck. Que. s. to Fla., w. to S. Dak. and Tex.; Wash. Host: Agrotis gladiaria Morr.,
harti Viereck. D. C, Mich., Ohio, Tenn., Wis., Iowa. Host: Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.), 0.
penitalis (Grote).
Apanteles harti Viereck, 1910. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 209. 9, <?.
hemileucae Riley. Mass., Conn., N. Y., Fla., Minn., Mo., Kans., Oreg. Host: Automeris io (F.),
Hernileuca maia (Drury).
Apayiteles congregatus var. hemileucae Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 309.
herbertii Ashmead. Fla.; West Indies. Host: Hystalea 7iysius Cram.
Apanteles herbertii Ashmead, 1900. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1900: 279. 9.
hesperidivorus Viereck. Mass., Conn., Fla., Mo., La., Okla., Ariz., Calif. Host: Atalopedes
koebelei Riley. Idaho, Calif. Host: Euphydryas chalcedona (D. and H.), E. editha (BdvL), E. e.
vionoeiisis G., E. e. nubigena (Behr.), Mflitaea leanira (F. and F.), M. neumoegeni Skin.,
Nymphalis califoniica (Bdvl.).
Apanteles koebelei Riley, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies East. U. S., p. 1904. 9,6.
lacteicolor Viereck.New England, east. Canada.; Europe. Introduced from Europe. Host:
Acronicta liasta Guen., Hyphayitria aniea (Drury), Nygmia phaeorrhoea (Donov.),
Lymantria dispar {L.).
Apanteles (Apanteles) lacteicolor Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 475. 9,3.
Biology: Muesebeck, 1918. Jour. Agr. Res. 12: 191-206. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 77. -Dowden, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr, Agr. Handb. 226, p. 48.
laeviceps Ashmead. U. S., south. Canada. Host: Anacamptodes vellivolata (Hulst), Autographa
sp., E ucirrhoedia pampina (Gn.), Euxoa atixiliaris (Grote), E. a. agrestis (Grote), E.
ochrogaster (Gn.), Faronta diffusa (Wlkr.), Feltia ducens Wlkr., Lacinipolia meditata
(Grote), Loxagrotis albicosta (Sm.), Luperina stipata (Morr.), Psezidaletia unipuncta
(Haw.), Scotogramma sp., Spaelotis clandestijia (Harr.), Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.),
Trichophisia 7ii (Hbn.).
Apanteles laeviceps Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 17. 9, S.
laevicoxis Muesebeck. Miss., Fla.
Apanteles laevicoxis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 505. 9.
langei Muesebeck. Calif. Host: Pyratista stibsequalis (Guen.).
Apanteles langei Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 202. 9,6.
laricellae Mason. N. B., N. S., Que., Ont., Wis., Idaho. Host: Argyresthia laricella Kearf.,
Coleophora laricella Hbn.
Apanteles laricellae Mason, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 45. 9, 6.
252. 9, 6.
Glyptapanteles (Apanteles) japonicus Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 193. 9,6.
Glyptapanteles politus Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 192. 9,6. Preocc. by
Riley, 1881.
Apanteles posticae Sonan, 1927. Formosa Govt. Res. Inst., Dept. Agr., Rpt. 29: 111. 9, 6.
Apanteles awanomeigae Watanabe, 1942. Insecta Matsumurana 16: 148. N. name for
politus Ashmead.
Biology: Burgess and Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86, p. 95-103.
longicornis (Provancher). Que. and N. B. s. to Va., w. to Minn, and III; Alaska, Oreg. Host:
Syngrapha epigaea (Grote).
Microgaster longicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 143.
"6"= 9.
Apanteles radiatus Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 162. 9,6.
Biology: Wood and Neilson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 760.
lunatus (Packard). U. S. Host: Papilio bairdii oregonius Edw., P. polyxenes F., P. p. asterius
Stoll, P. zelicaon Lucas.
Microgaster lunatus Packard, 1881 (1880). Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 28. 9.
250 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Apanteles grenadensis Ashmead, 1900. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1900: 278. 9,6.
Apanteles laphygmae Ashmead, 1901. In Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 29,
p. 36. Nomen nudum.
Apanteles (Protapanteles) hamedi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 580. 9.
Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34, p. 68-69. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 138, p. 25-28.
—
Boling and Pitre, 1970. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43: 465-470.
medicaginis Muesebeck. N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Colias eurytheme
Bdvl.
Apanteles medicaginis Muesebeck, 1947. Pan-Pacific Ent. 23: 21. 9, 6.
Biology: Michelbacher and Smith, 1943. Hilgardia 15: 369-397 (as Apanteles flavicoiichae
Riley). -Allen, 1958. Hilgardia 27: 515-541. —Allen and Smith, 1958. Hilgardia 28: 1-42.
—Stern and Bowen, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 358-372.
megathymi Riley. N. C, S. C, Ga., La., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Agathymus
stephensi (Skin.), Harb., M. ursus ui-siis Poling, M. yuccae
Megathymus comstocki
martini (S. and T.), y. reinthali Freem., M. y. yuccae (Bdvl. and Lee).
M.
Apanteles megathymi Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 304. 9, 6.
melanopus Viereck. Conn.
Apanteles (Apaiiteles) melanopus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 190, 198.
melanoscelus (Ratzeburg). New England, east. Canada, B. C, Wash., Oreg.; Europe, N. Africa.
Introduced from Europe. Host: Lymantria dispar (L.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.).
Microgaster melanoscelus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins. 1: 74. S.
Microgaster solitarius Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins. 1: 73. 9, 6.
Biology: Grossman, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1028, p. 1-25 {ynelanoscelus). —Muesebeck
and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487, p. 1-34 (melanoscelus). —Parker, 1935. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 477, p. 1-17 (solitarius). —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 1139, p. 79-80. -Dowden, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226, p. 48-49.
— Weseloh, 1973. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 66: 854-855 (melanoscelus). Weseloh, 1973. Jour. —
Ins. Physiol. 19: 2025-2033. —Van
Sickle and Weseloh, 1974. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 82: 2-5.
—Weseloh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 583-587 (host recognition). —Weseloh and
Anderson, 1975. Environ. Ent. 4: 33-36. -Weseloh, 1976. Environ. Ent. 5: 743-746,
1128-1132.
miantonomoi Viereck. Conn., Pa., Mich.
Apanteles (Apanteles) mianto7iomoi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 198.
Apanteles (Apanteles) pequodonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 198.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 251
militaris (Walsh). No. Amer. Host: Epiglaea apiata (Grote), Euxoa mixiliaris (Grote), Feltia
ducens Wlkr., Heliothis zea (Boddie), Leucania latiuscula U.S., L. phragmatidicola
Guen., Peridroma saiicia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera exigua
(Hbn.), S.frugiperda (Smith), S. oniithogalli (Guen.).
Microgaster militaris Walsh, 1861. 111. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 4: 369. 9.
Biology: Guppy, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 100. —Calkins and Sutter, 1976. Environ. Ent. 5:
147-150.
milleri Mason. N. B., Que., Vt., Ont., Mont., B. C, N. W. T. Host: Dioryctria reniculella
(Grote), Parapandemis borealis Freem.
Apanteles milleri Mason, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 1093. 9, S.
mimoristae Muesebeck. Fla., Tex. Host: Hymenia perspectalis (Hbn.), Mimorista
Apanteles oidematopkoriV.) Muesebeck, 1929. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 31: 119. 9.
olenidis Muesebeck. B. C. Host: Dasychira vagans (B. and McD.).
Apanteles olenidis Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 18. 9, d.
ornigis Weed. N. S. and Que. s. to Va., w. to N. Dak. and Ark.; Utah, Oreg. Host: Buccidatrix
ainsliella Murtf., Caloptilia burgessiella (ZelL), Lithocolletis blancardella (F.), L.
crataegella Clem., L. malimalifoliella Braun, L. mariaeella Chamb., L. propinquinella
Braun, L. robiniella Clem., Paromix geminatella (Pack.), Tischeria malifoliella Clem.
Apanteles ornigis Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 6. 9, S.
Protapanteles tortricis Ashmead, 1898 (1897). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 163. 9,3.
Apanteles (Apanteles) braunae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 614. S.
Apayiteles (Apanteles) litkocolletidis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 615. S.
orobenae Forbes. D. C. s. to Fla., w. to Ariz, and Calif.; Ind., Ill, Conn.(?). Host: Evergestis
rimosalis (Guen.).
Apanteles orobenae Forbes, 1883 (1882). Noxious Ins. Ill, Rpt. 12: 104. 9,6.
paleacritae Riley. Canada; N. H. s. to Ga., w. to Mich, and Kans. Host: Alsophila pometaria
(Harr.), Bomolocha deceptalis (Wlkr.), Cyclophora pendulinaria (Guen.), Ectropis
crepuscularia (D. and S.), Enypia packardata Tay., E. venata (Grote), Erannis tiliaria
(Harr.), Lambdina fiscellaria (Gn.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlkr.), Nyctobia anguilineata
(G. and R.), Operophtera bnimata (L.), Oporinia autumnata henshawi Swett, Paleacrita
vemata (Peck), Phigalia titea (Cram.), Seyniothisa granitata (Gn.), S. sexmaculata
(Pack.), Zale sp.
Apanteles paleacritae Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 313. 9, cJ.
Protapanteles ephyrae Ashmead, 1898 (1897). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 163. 6.
papaipemae Muesebeck. Mass., N. Y., Ohio, Iowa, Kans. Host: Bellura obliqua (Wlkr.),
Papaipema maritima Bird, P. nebris (Guen.), P. stenoscelis (Dyar.).
Apanteles papaipemae Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 526. 9,6.
paralechiae Muesebeck. N. B. s. to N. J., w. to Ont. and Wis.; Tenn., Utah, Calif. Host:
Argyresthia freyella Wlsm., ^4. tliuiella (Pack.), Coleotechnites tkujaeella Kearf.,
Exotelia pinifoliella (Chamb.).
Apanteles paralechiae Muesebeck, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (16): 2. 9, 6.
paranthrenidis Muesebeck. N. Y., Pa., Ohio, D. C, Fla., Miss., Tex., Utah, Calif.; Mexico. Host:
Paranthrene asilipennis (Bdvl.), P. dollii (Neum.), P. robiniae (Hy. Edw.), Prionoxystus
sp.
Apanteles paranthrenidis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 506. 9, 6.
parastichtidis Muesebeck. Canada; Maine, Tenn., Mich. Host: Choristoneura conflictana
(Wlkr.)?, Enargia decolor (Wlkr.), Hydriomena divisaria (Wlkr.), H. renunciata (Wlkr.),
Stmira bicolorago (Guen.).
Apanteles parastichtidis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 541. 9.
petrovae Walley. Newfoundland, N. B., Que., S. C, Ont., Wis., Minn., N. Dak., Alta., Mont., B.
C, Calif. Host: Barbara colfaxiana (Kearf.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus
Freem., Dioryctria auranticella (Grote), D. reniculella (Grote), Petrova albicapitana
(Busck), P. pallipennis McD., Rhyacionia fnistrana (Comst.), Zeiraphera canadensis M.
and F.
Apanteles petrovae Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 189. 9.
Taxonomy: Mason, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 1101-1102.
pyralidisMuesebeck. Md., D. C, Va., N. C, Ohio, Tenn., Wis., Iowa, Mo., Ark., S. Dak. Host:
Loxostege rantalis (Guen.), Nomophila nearctica Munroe, Pyrausta fidila
lis (Led.).
Apanteles pyralidis Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 551. 9, <?.
pyraustae Viereck. Conn., Va., Ont., Mo. Host: Atteva punctella (Cram.), Pyrausta futilalis
(Led.).
Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 626. 9,
Apanteles (Protapanteles) pyraustae Viereck, 1912. U. S.
<J.
Gn.
pyrophilae Muesebeck. Mass., R. I., Conn., Ont. Host: Amphipyra pyramidoides
1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (7): 11. 9, <J.
Apanteles pyrophilae Muesebeck,
renaulti Mason. N. B., N. S., Que., Ont., Wis. Host: Coleotechnites gibsonella (Kearf.), C.
piceaella (Kearf.).
Apanteles renaulti Mason, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 1100. 9,6.
robiniae (Fitch). N. Y. Host: Sinoe robiniella (Fitch).
Microgaster robiniae Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 9,6.
18: 836.
254 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
rohweri Muesebeck. N. B. s. to Va., w. to Ont. and Minn. Host: Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack.,
Argyresthia sp., LithocoUetis tremuloidiella Braun, Neurobatha strigifiniielh (Clem.).
Apanteles (Pseiidapanteles) nigripes Rohwer, 1914 (1913). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 187.
"(J" = 9. Preocc. by Ratzeburg, 1844.
Apanteles rohweri Muesebeck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 550. N. name for nigripes
Rohwer.
rubecula Marshall. Mo., B. C, Calif.; Europe. Host: Pieris protodice Bdvl. and Lee, P. rapae
(L.).
Apanteles rubecula Marshall, 1885. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1885: 175. 9.
Biology: Wilkinson, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 1012-1013. —Parker, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64:
721-735. -Parker, 1972. Environ. Ent. 1: 153-156.
rufocoxalis Riley. N. S. s. to Fla.; Mo., Tenn., La., Tex. Host: Leucania latiuscula H.-S.,
Biology: Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427, p. 43 (as Apanteles sp.; this is scutellaris
rather than dignus as listed in first supplement of original catalog).
J., Va., D. C, Fla., Ind., Ark., Kans., Tex. Host: Synanthedon
sesiae Viereck. N. scitula (Harr.).
Apanteles {Pseiidapanteles) sesiae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 146. 9, 6.
smerinthi Riley. Maine, N. H., Mass., N. J., D. C, Ont, Ind., Mo., Tex., Calif. Host: Ipimorpha
pleonectusa Grote, Paonias excaecata (Smith), Smerinthus cerisyi Kirby, S. jamaicensis
(Drury).
Apanteles smerinthi Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 311. 9, 6.
solenobiae Walley. Que., Pa. Host: Solenobia walshella Clem.
Apanteles solenobiae Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 59. 9.
sorghiellae Muesebeck. Mo., Ark., Tex. Host: Celama sorghiella (Riley).
Apanteles sorghiellae Muesebeck, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 195. 9,6.
stagtnatophorae Gahan. Md. Host: Periploca gleditschiaeella (Chamb.).
Apanteles stagmatophorae Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 120. 9, d.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 255
starki Mason. Alta., Mont., Utah, Idaho, Nev., B. C. Host: Coleotechnites milleri (Busck), C.
starki (Freem.), Eucosyna recissoriana Heinr.
Apanteles starki Mason, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 140. 9, <J.
subandinus Blanchard. Calif.; Argentina. Host: Phthorimaea operculella (ZelL).
Apanteles subandinus Blanchard, 1947. Arthropoda 1: 20. 9.
teleae Muesebeck. Conn., Pa., Md. Host: Antheraea polyphemus (Cram.), atheroma regalis
(F.).
Apanteles alamedensis Ashmead, 1902. In Chittenden, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 33, p.
58.
Microgaster oleracea Taylor, 1860. American Agriculturist 19: 301. 9. Host: Pontia oleracea
Harris (=Pieris). The illustration which accompanies the description is not adequate in
identifying this species. However, certain statements in the description
and the fact that
the author compares the species with glomeratus indicates that this species is probably
the same as Apanteles glomeratus (L.)., a parasite of Pieris oleracea Harr.
1955.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936 (1935). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 37: 173-174. -Telenga,
Fauna U. S. S. R., v. 5, n. 4, p. 14. —Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 657. —Capek, 1969. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 309. -Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 870.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 687-692 (cat. World spp.).
ecdytolophae (Muesebeck). N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., Nebr., and Tex.; Cent. Amer., West
Indies. Host: Arogalea cristifasciella (Chamb.), Caloptilia elongella (L.), Coleotechnites
molesta (Busck),
piceaella (Kearf.), Ecdytolopha insiticiana ZelL, Grapholitha
Ostrinia
Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), L. pomonella (L.), Nephopteryx uvinella (Rag.),
obumbratalis (Led.), Psorosina hammondi (Riley), Walshia amorphella Clem.
Proc. 61 24. 9, 6.
Microgaster ecdytolophae Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., (15):
Microgaster tiro Reinhard, 1880. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 24: 357. 9, cJ.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 257
zonaria (Say). Mass. s. to Va., w. to Wis. and Colo.; Fla., La., Canada. Host: Coleotechnites
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 20-43 (No. Amer. spp.). —Nixon,
1968. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 22: 33-72 (some World spp.).
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 2, p. 7.
— Shenefelt, 1973.
Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 692-737 (cat. World spp.).
brevicauda Pro.vancher. Que.
Microgaster brevicaudus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 140.
9.
brittoni Viereck. Mass., Conn., N. Y., Ga., Ohio, Ont., Mich., Wis., Minn., Iowa.
Microgaster (Microgaster) brittoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey, Bui. 22, p. 201.
canadensis Muesebeck. N. S. w. to B. C; Maine, Mass., N. Y., Mich., Colo., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Achatodes zeae (Harr.), Acleris variayia (Fern.), Agonopterix posticella (Wlsm.),
Anacampsis innocuella (Zell.), Ancylis comptana fragariae (W. and R.), Archips
argyrospilus (Wlkr.), A. rosamis (L.), C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Croesia
albicoviana (Clem.), Epinotia solicitana (Wlkr.), Sciaphila duplex (Wlsm.),
Sparganothis diluticostana (Wlsm.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.).
Microgaster canadeiisis Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 38. 9, 3.
congregatiformis Viereck. Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Mich., Minn., Mont. Host:
Endothenia hebesana (Wlkr.).
Microgaster (Microgaster) congregatiformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and
Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22, p. 202.
diaphaniae Muesebeck. Fla.; Cent, and So. Amer. Host: Diaphania indica (Saund.).
Microgaster diaphaniae Muesebeck, 1958. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 414. 9, cJ.
epagoges Gahan. Vt. s. to S. C, w. to Ont. and Mo.; Colo., B. C, Oreg. Host: Acleris
chalybeana (Fern.), Anacampsis fragariella Busck, A. rkoifructella (Clem.), Archips
argyrospilus (Wlkr.), A. griseus (Rob.), A. rosamis (L.), A. semiferanus (Wlkr.),
Argyrotaenia vehdinana (Wlkr.), C horistoneura obsoletana (Wlkr.), Platynota
flavedana Clem., Ostrinia penitalis (Grote), Rhyacionia fnistrana (Comst.),
Sparganothis pettitana (Rob.), S. putmanana Freem., S. sulphurana (F.), S. tristriata
Kearf.
Microgaster epagoges Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 197. 9,6.
Biology: Schaffner, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767, p. 62.
femoralamericanus Shenefelt. Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Microgaster femoral is Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 39. 9, 6. Preocc.
by Bouche, 1834.
258 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Microgaster femoralamericaniis Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 706. N. name for
femoralis Muesebeck.
gelechiae Riley. Que. s. to Va., w. to Ont., N. Dak., and Mo.; La. Host: Gnorimoschema
gallaeasterella (Kell.), G. gallaesolidaginis (Riley).
Microgaster gelechiae Riley, 1869. Ins. Mo., Ann. Rpt. 1: 178. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 737-767 (cat. World spp.).
alaskensis Ashmead. Canada, Alaska, north. U. S. s. to N. Y., Mo., and Ariz. Host: Aidographa
califomica (Spey.), A. precationis (Gn.), Dargida procincta (Grote), Plusia sp.,
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Rachiplusia ou (Gn.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Microplitis alaskeiisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 249. ?.
croceipes (Cresson). N. J. s. to Ga., w. to Utah, and Ariz.; Oreg. Host: Heliothis S7cbfleza
(Guen.), H. virescens (F.), H. tea (Boddie).
Microgaster croceipes Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 183. 9.
Microplitis nigripennis Ashmead, 1905. In Quaintance and Brues, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.
Ent. Bui. 50, p. 122.
Biology: Lewis, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 67-70. —Jones and Lewis, 1971. Jour. Ins.
Physiol. 17: 921-927.
— Barras, 1972. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 43B: 941-947. —Vinson and
Lewis, 1972. Jour. Ins. Physiol. 18: 2123-2124.
— Dahlman and Vinson, 1975. Comp.
Biochem. Physiol. 52B: 465-468. — Edson and Vinson, 1977. Jour. Ins. Physiol. 23: 5-8.
feltiaeMuesebeck. Ind. s. to S. C. and Ala., w. to N. Dak., Wash., and Calif. Host: Agrotis
gladiaria Morr., A. ipsilon (Hufn.), Feltia ducens Wlkr., F. subterranea (F.), Lacinipolia
renigera (Steph.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.).
Microplitis feltiae Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 46.
Microgasteril) feltiae Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 62. S.
Biology: Putler and Thewke, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 645-648.
260 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gortynae Riley. N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Miss., Wis., Iowa, Mo., Colo., Oreg. Host: Achatodes zea
(Harr.), Hydroecia imnianis Grote, Papaipema nebris (Guen.). P. pertincta Dyar.
Mkroplitis gortynae Riley, 1881. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 4: 304. 9,6.
Biology: Balduf, 1929. Ohio Jour. Sci. 29: 219. —Decker, 1935. Iowa St. Col. Jour. Sci. 9:
571-572.
hyphantriae Ashmead. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Md., Fla., Ont, Mich., Ohio, Ind., Ill, Mo., Ark., N.
Dak., Tex. Host: Acronida furcifera Guen., A. hasta Guen., A. intemipta Guen.,
Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Xylena sp.
Mkroplitis hyphantriae Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 164. 9, c5.
kcwleyi Muesebeck. Que. s. to D. C, w. to Ont. and Mo.; Calif. Host: Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.),
Amathes bicamea (Guen.), Euxoa sp.
Microplitis keivleyi Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 51. 9, cJ.
laticinctus Muesebeck. Que., Mass., N. Y., D. C, Ohio, Ala., 111., Minn., Iowa.
Microplitis laticinctus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 67. 9, S.
latistigtna Muesebeck. Md.
Microplitis latistigma Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 63. 9.
longicauda Muesebeck. Colo., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Calif.
Microplitis longicaudus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 57. 9.
mamestrae Weed. Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Mich., Ohio, Wis., Ill, N. Mex., Utah. Host:
Ceramica picta (Harr.).
Microplitis rnamestrae Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 2. 9.
maturus Weed. Que. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., S. Dak., and La. Host: Caenurghia erechtea (Cram.),
Drasteria sp.
Microplitis ynaiurus Weed, 1888. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 15: 294. 9, d.
Microplitis cincta Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 3. i.
Microgaster ttickeri Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 274. 9.
mediator (Haliday). Greenland; Europe.
Microgaster mediator Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 235. 9,6.
Microgaster dorsaiis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., v. 1, p. 170. 6.
Microgaster fiilvicomis Wesmael, 1837. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 44. 9, 6.
Microplitis medianus Ruthe, 1860. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 4: 127. 9.
melianae Viereck. Ont., N. Y., Ohio, Tenn., Mich., 111., Minn., Iowa, Kans. Host: Faronta diffusa
(Wlkr.), Heliothis zea (Boddie), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.).
Microplitis meliayiae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 185. 6.
montanus Muesebeck. Nev., Calif. Host: Catocala verrilliana Grote.
Microplitis montanus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 71. 9, 6.
muesebecki Marsh. N. H., Colo., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Calif.
Microplitis stigynaticus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 47. 9, 6. Preocc.
by Ratzeburg, 1844.
Microplitis muesebecki Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 285. N. name for
stigmaticus Muesebeck.
nigritus Muesebeck. Colo.
Microplitis nigritus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 58. 9, <?.
perplexus Muesebeck. Maine, Md., Ont., Mich., Ind., Minn., B. C.
Microplitis perplexus Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 49. 9.
plutcllac Muesebeck. N. Y., Va., S. C, Ont., Minn., Iowa, N. Dak., Sask., Colo., Utah, Idaho,
Calif. Host: Phdella xylostella (L.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Microplitis terminattis Weed, 1888. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 15: 295. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 261
trinae, the latter author suggesting a separate tribal position. Hosts are lepidopterous leaf
miners.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 10-12 (No. Amer. spp.).
Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 2, p. 8. —Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 657. —Capek, 1969. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 71: 309. —Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 870.
—
Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat.,
part 9, p. 676-679 (cat. World spp.).
aspidiscae Ashmead. Que., Md., D. C, Fla. Host: Coptodisca splendoriferella (Clem.),
Grapholitha priinivora (Walsh).
Mirax aspidiscae Ashmead, 1893. Psyche 6: 378. 9, d.
Mirax grapholithae Ashmead, 1893. Psyche 6: 378. 6.
coptodiscae Walley. B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Coptodisca arbutiella Busck.
Mirax coptodiscae Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 84. 9, (J.
ectoedemiae (Rohwer). Va., Oreg., Calif. Host: Ectoedemia castaneae Busck, Marmara
arbutiella Busck, Proleucoptera sp.
Centistidea ectoedemiae Rohwer, 1914. Psyche 21: 81. 9, 3.
lithocolletidis Ashmead. N. J., D. C, S. C, Fla., Ont., Mich., Tenn., Tex. Host: Cameraria
aceriella (Clem.), Leucanthiza dircella Braun.
Mirax lithocoUetidis Ashmead, 1893. Psyche 6: 378. 9, <J.
minuta Ashmead. Ohio, Fla., Tex. Host: Cameraria caryaefolieUa (Clem.).
Mirax minuta Ashmead, 1893. Psyche 6: 378. 9.
262 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Protomicroplitis Ashmead, 1898 (1897). Ent. See. Wash., Proc. 4: 166. No species included.
Type-species: Microgaster mediata Cresson. Subsequent monotypy. First included
species by Ashmead, 1900. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1900: 292.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 20-32 (No. Amer. sp. in
Microgaster). —Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 2, p. 234-264 (World
spp.).
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 2, p. 234. — Shenefelt, 1973.
Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 772-782 (cat. World spp.).
auripes (Provancher). Que. and N. B. s. to Va., w. to Ont., N. Dak., and Kans. Host: Faronta
diffusa (Wlkr.), Pseudaletia iinipuncta (Haw.).
Microgaster auripes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p. 141. 9.
bakeri (Muesebeck). Md., Ga., Fla., 111., Iowa, Mo., La., Nebr., Kans., Tex. Host: Tarachidia
candefacta (Hbn.), T. erastrioides (Guen.).
Microgaster bakeri Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 29. 9, <J.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
calliptera (Say). N. Y., N. C, Ga., Fla., Ind., Iowa, La., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Tex., Colo. Host:
Platyseitta sutor (Guen.), P. videns (Guen.).
Microgaster calliptera Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 264.
Microgaster viaculipennis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 183. 9, S.
facetosa (Weed). Ont. and N. Y. s. to Ga., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Argyrotaenia velutinana
garmani Ashmead. Md., D. C, Va., Ky., Ill, Mo., Ark., La., Tex. Host: Ogdoconta cinereola
(Guen.).
Protoviicroplitis germani(\) Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 132.
iridescens (Cresson). Fla.; Cuba. Host: Asciodes gordialis Gn.
Microgaster iridescens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 68. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 287.
mediatus (Cresson). Fla.; Cuba, Mexico.
Microgaster mediatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 66. i.
scotica (Marshall). Mich.; Europe.
Microgaster scotica Marshall, 1885. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1885: 251. 6.
Tribe CARDIOCHILINI
This group has, in the past, been placed as a tribe of the Helconinae or as a separate subfamily
near the Microgastrinae. Recent workers (Telenga, 1955; Nixon, 1965; Capek, 1970) have placed
it as a tribe within the Microgastrinae and I have chosen to follow this arrangement.
Taxonomy: Telenga, 1955. Fauna U. S. S. R., v. 5, n. 4, p. 212. -Nixon, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent, Bui. Supl. 2, p. 6. -Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 858, 870.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 785-804 (cat. World spp.).
nigriceps Viereck. D. C. to Fla., w. to Kans. and La.; Mexico. Host: Heliothis subflexa
s.
Biology: Chamberlin and Tenhet, 1926. Jour. Agr. Res. 33: 21-27. —Vinson and Lewis,
1965.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 869-871. —Lewis and Brazzel, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 820-822.
—Lewis, Brazzel and Vinson, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 615-616. —Lewis and Vinson, 1968.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 561-565. —Vinson, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 8-10. —Lewis
and Vinson, 1968. Jour. Insect Physiol. 14: 613-626. —Lewis and Vinson, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 64: 970-972. —Hays and Vinson, 1971. Anim. Behavior 19: 344-352. —Vinson,
1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 229-236. —Lewis, et ai, 1972. Environ. Ent. 1: 1468-1471.
pullus Mao. N. Ohio, Iowa, La., S. Dak., Kans., Tex., Utah, Oreg., Calif.
J., Fla.,
Cardiochiles; anigoHus var. pullus Mao, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 234. 9, 6.
rubicundus Mao. N. Mex., Utah, Ariz.; Mexico.
Cardiochiles rubicundus Mao, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 250. 9.
rubidus Mao. N. Mex., Idaho, Ariz., Oreg., Calif.
Cardiochiles rubidus Mao, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 251. 9.
rufostigma Mao. Wash., Calif.
Cardiochiles rufostigma Mao, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 252. 9,6.
siminiger (Cresson). Iowa, Kans., Tex., Mont., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Calif.
Tenthredoides seminiger Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila, Trans. 4: 291. 9,6.
tennessensis Mao. Tenn.
Cardiochiles teyinessensis Mao, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 254. 9.
subfuscella (Rag.).
Bracon tibiator Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, App., p. 322. 9.
viator (Say). Conn, and N. Y. s. to Va., w. to Mich, and 111.; Tex., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Wash.
Bracon (Toxoneuron) viator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 258.
Subfamily ICHNEUTINAE
Tribe ICHNEUTINI
takes place in the
Species in this group are solitary endoparasites of sawfly larvae; oviposition
host egg but the parasite cocoon is formed within the host cocoon.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 805-812 (cat. World spp.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 265
Ichneutes Nees, 1816 (1813). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 275.
Type-species: Ichneutes reunitor Nees. Monotypic.
alaskensis Ashmead. Alaska.
Ichneutes alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 251. 6.
bicarinatus (Ashmead). Ont.
Ophis bicarinatus Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 4. 6.
bicolor Cresson. Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont. Host: Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.).
Ichneutes bicolor Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 230. 9.
fulvipes Cresson. Ill, Mich., Alta., Colo., Nev., Calif. Host: Euura sp.
Ichneutes fulvipes Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 231. i.
pikonematis Mason. Maine, Minn., Canada. Host: Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.).
Ichneutes pikonematis Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 721. 9, 6.
popofensis Ashmead. Alaska.
Ichneutes popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 250. 6.
Tribe MUESEBECKIINI
The genera in this tribe were previously associated with the Microgastrinae, but Mason (1969)
has shown that they are morphologically similar to the Ichneutinae. Host records indicate that
larvae.
species are parasites of leaf mining lepidopterous
Taxonomy: Mason, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 263-278 (key to World genera).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1973. Hym. Cat., part 9, p. 681-682 (cat. World spp.).
Subfamily BLACINAE
The genera included here are in need of considerable study and the arrangement below is a
very conservative one. There are distinct differences in morphology and biologies among these
genera, some showing affinities with the Helconinae, others with the Agathidinae. Nearly all of
the North American genera are unstudied.
Tribe BLACINI
This tribe constitutes the least homogeneous group of genera in the Blacinae. The biologies of
Blacus species are not well established; van Achterberg (1976 (1975)) places this and related
genera as a tribe of the Helconinae. Species of Centistes, Pygostolus, and Syrhizns are internal
parasites of adult Coleoptera and have been placed in a separate subfamily by Capek (1969).
Revision: van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 159-323.
Blacus Nees, 1818. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Car. 9: 306.
Type-species: Bracon hiunilis Nees. Desig. by Westwood, 1839.
Miocolns Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 237.
Type-species: Miocolns pallipes Foerster. Orig. desig.
Go7iiocor))ins Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 254.
Type-species: Blacus pagaiius Haliday. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 15-26 (cat. World spp.).
— Haeselbarth, 1973.
Staatssaml. Munchen, Veroffentl. 16: 69-170 (Eur. and Cent. Asian spp.). —van
Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 174-176 (key to subgenera).
Blacns nanus Ashmead, 1905. In Nason, Ent. News 16: 294. Nom. nud.
Blaais propallipes Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 23. N. name for pallipes Foerster.
humilis (Nees). Que., N. H., N. Y., W. Va., N. C, Ont., Wis., Sask., Colo., Ariz., Alta., B. C,
Oreg., Calif., N. W. T., Alaska; Europe.
Bracon humilis Nees, 1812 (1811). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 19. $, 6.
Blacus (Blacus) trivialis Haliday, 1835. Ent. Mag. 3: 122. 9,6.
maryi maryi Hellen. Colo., Alta., B. C; Europe.
Blacus maryi Hellen, 1958. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 4: 23. 9.
Blacus (Hysterobolus) redactus van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 218. 9.
Blacus subg. Leioblacus van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 180.
Type-species: Blacus (Leioblacus) compressiventris van Achterberg. Orig. desig.
compressiventris van Achterberg. Que., N. H., N. C, S. C, Ga., Ont., B. C.
Blacus (Leioblacus) compressiventris van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 182.
9.
koenigi Fischer. Que., N. H., Mass., Md., Ont., Mich., Wis., Calif.; Europe.
Neoblacus nifipes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 122. Preocc. by Ashmead,
1889 (1888).
Blacus koenigi Fischer, 1962. Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 58: 333. 9,3.
Blacus subg. Tarpheion van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 185.
Type-species: Blacus {Tarpheion) chillcotti van Achterberg. Orig. desig.
chillcotti van Achterberg. Ont., N. J., N. C, Ga.
Blacus {Tarpheion) chillcotti van Achterberg, 1976 (1975). Tijdschr. Ent. 118: 189. 9.
NoMEN Nudum in Blacus Nees
Leiophron subg. Ancylus Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261. Preocc. by Mueller, 1774.
Type-species: Leiophron {Ancylus) cuspidatus Haliday. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Leiophron subg. Centistes Haliday, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 462.
Type-species: Leiophron {Ancylus) cuspidatus Haliday. Monotypic.
Ancyllus Haldeman, 1842. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1: 191. N. name for Ancylus
Haliday. Gray (1821) also proposed the name Ancyllus, but apparently only as an
emendation of Ancylus Mueller.
Euphoridea Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 116.
Type-species: Euphoridea claripennis Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Liosigalphus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 125.
Type-species: Liosigalphus politus Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 26-28 (cat. World spp.).
Morphology: Loan, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 605-606 (larvae; as lituratus).
laevis (Cresson). Que., Pa., Ohio, Mich., S. D. Host: Amara exarata Dejean.
Leiophron laevis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 228. S.
Ent. Canada
Sigalphzis trisectus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Hym., p. 143. 6.
Eubadizon basilare Provancher, 1890. Nat. Canad. 19: 248. 9.
politus (Ashmead). D. C.
Liosigalphus politus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 125.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 122-124 (cat. World spp.).
falcatus (Nees). P. E. L, Ont., Man. Introduced from Sweden. Host: Sitona hispidulus {¥.), S.
lineatus (L.). Loan and Thompson (1972) indicate that this species might be Holarctic or
adventive and that the P. E. I. population probably did not develop from the colonies
introduced in Ont. and Man.
Leiophron falcatus Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 44. 9 .
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 133-134 (cat. World spp.).
Tribe BRACHISTINI
All species are apparently internal parasites of coleopterous larvae. This tribe, as proposed by
Mason (1974), includes the genera listed under the Triaspidini of the previous catalog.
Taxonomy: Mason, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 235-246.
Revision: Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 14-60 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 269-273 (cat. World spp.).
bicornis Martin. U. S. (state not known).
Aliolns biconiis Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 39. 9.
bucculentis Martin. B. C.
Aliolus bucculentis Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 41. 9.
canadensis (Provancher). Mass., N. Y., Canada.
Sigalphus canadensis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 197. 9.
crabilli Martin. N. Y. s. to Ga., w. to Wis. and Ark.
Aliolus crabilli Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 59. 9, c?.
denticulatus Martin. N. Y., Pa., N. J., Md., D. C, Iowa.
Aliolus denticulatus Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 33. 9, 6.
evanidus Martin. Tex.
Aliolus evanidus Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 37. 6.
fiskei (Rohwer). Pa., N. J., Md., Va., N. C. Host: Cossoims sp., Glipa octopunctata (F.).
Trias pis fiskei Rohwer, 1918. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 535. 9.
indeprehensus Martin. Miss.
Aliolus indeprehensxis Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 46. 9.
Biology: Deyrup, 1975. Conif. For. Biome Ecosystem Anal. Stud., Univ. of Wash., Bui. 6, pp.
73-74.
definitus (Muesebeck). Oreg., Calif. Host: Conopkthonis ponderosae Hopk., Emobius sp.
Eubadizon difinitum Muesebeck, 1957. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 52: 53. 9, 6.
emobii (Muesebeck). Oreg., Calif. Host: Emobius sp.
Eubadizon emobii Muesebeck, 1957. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 52: 51. 9, 6.
This genus is restricted to those species which have a short abdomen and are parasites of
Coleoptera larvae, as defined by Mason (1974).
Eubazus Nees, 1814 (1812). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 214.
phymatodis (Ashmead). N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., Mich., 111. Host: Pkymatodes amoenus (Say).
Eubadizon pkymatodis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 11: 644. 9.
major (Cresson). Canada, Va., Ohio, Ind., Host: Magdalis barbita (Say).
111.
Taxonomy: Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 98-101 (treated as subgenus of
—Shenefelt, 1970.
Triaspis). Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 274-281 (cat. World spp.).
americanus Ashmead. Tex.
Schizoprymnus americanus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 636. 9.
texanus (Cresson). N. H., W. Va., Ohio, Ont, Mich., 111., Tex., Utah, Calif. Ecology: Reared
from gall on Solidago.
Sigalphus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 179. "9"
= S.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 281-301 (cat. World spp.).
abditiva Martin. N. Y., S. Dak.
Triaspis (Triaspis) abditiva Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 76. 9, 6.
aequoris Martin. Kans.
Triaspis (Triaspis) aequoris Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 92. ?.
aquila Martin. Que.
Triaspis (Triaspis) aquila Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 85. 6.
halidayi Martin. S. Dak.
Triaspis (Triaspis) halidayi Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 89. 3.
kurtogaster Martin. N. Y. s. to Ga., w. to Ont. and La. Host: Anthonomus grandis Boh.,
Chalcodermus aenus Boh., C. collaris Horn., Conotrachelus nenuphar Hbst., Curculio
sp., Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.).
Triaspis (Triaspis) kurtogaster Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 90. 9.
laticarinata Martin. B. C.
Triaspis (Triaspis) laticarinata Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 94. 9, 6.
magnafoveae Martin. N. S., Ont., Mich., 111., Alta.
Triaspis (Triaspis) magnafoveae Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 70. 9, 6.
matercula Martin. Dak.
S.
Triaspis (Triaspis) matercula Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 68. 9.
ocellulata Martin. N. Y., Ont. Host: Ash seed weevil.
Triaspis (Triaspis) ocellulata Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 87. 9, 6.
odontochila Martin. N. Y., Va., Mich., La. Host: Podapion gallicola Riley.
Triaspis (Triaspis) odontochila Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 83. 9, S.
pissodis Viereck. Mont., Wyo., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cylindrocopturus fumissi
Buch., C. longulus (Lee), Pissodes sp.
Triaspis pissodis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 628. 9, 6.
rectangulata Martin. S. Dak., Colo., Utah, Idaho.
Triaspis (Triaspis) rectangulata Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 74. 9, S.
stenochila Martin. Kans.
Triaspis (Triaspis) stenochila Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 78. 9.
stenogaster Martin. Colo.
Triaspis (Triaspis) stenogaster Martin. 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 72. 9, cJ.
Urosigalphus subg. Bruchiurosigalphus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 94.
Type-species: Urosigalphus bnichi Crawford. Orig. desig.
bruchi Crawford. La., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Hawaii, Mexico. Host: Algarobius jrrosopis (Lee),
Amblycerus robiniae (F.), Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp).
Urosigalphus bruchi Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 181. 9, <J.
bruchivorus Crawford. Ariz., Calif. Host: Algarobius prosopis (Lee), Neltumius arizonensis
(Sch.).
Urosigalphus bruchivorus Crawford, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 25. 9, cJ.
Urosigalphus arizonensis Crawford, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 25. 9, 6.
Urosigalphus truncatus Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 122. 9 .
Urosigalphus subg. Microurosigalphus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 87.
Type-species: Urosigalphus femoratus Crawford. Orig. desig.
acutulus Gibson. Colo., Ariz.
Urosigalphus (Microurosigalphus) acutulus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8:
89. 9, 6.
Urosigalphus (Microurosigalphus) iowensis Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8:
92. 9, i.
neomexicanus Crawford. Iowa, Mo., Ark., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.
Urosigalphus neomexicanus Crawford, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 26. 9, S-
Urosigalphus subg. Neourosigalphus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 122.
Urosigalphus subg. Paraurosigalphus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 128.
Type-species: Urosigalphus (Paraurosigalphus) dakotaensis Gibson. Orig. desig.
clarus Gibson. N. J., Md.
Urosigalphus (Paraurosigalphus) clarus Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 129.
9, S.
dakotaensis Gibson. Iowa, S. Dak., Nebr.
Urosigalphus (Paraurosigalphus) dakotaensis Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8:
130. 9, 6.
S.
crassisculptus Cushman. Pa., Mich., Wis., 111. Host: Curculio neocorylus Gibson.
Urosigalphus crassisculptus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 23. 6.
curculionis Gibson. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wis. and Ark. Host: Curculio nasicus (Say), C.
strictus (Casey).
Urosigalphus (Urosigalphus) curculionis Gibson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Misc. Pub. 8: 108.
9, 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 275
forbesi Martin. Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis. and Tex. Host: Curculio sp., C. sulcatulns (Casey).
Urosigalphus forbesi Martin, 1956. Canada Dept. Agr. Pub. 965, p. 118. 9.
muesebecki Gibson. N. J., S. C, Ga., Ky., Tenn., Wis., Iowa, 111. Host: Curculio longidens
Tribe ORGILINI
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 1-2 (key to genera of
subfamily Orgilinae).
Biology: Capek, 1956. Biologia 11: 602. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265, p.
27-29.
gracilis (Provancher). Canada, Maine, N. H., Mass., Wis., Minn., Oreg., Calif. Host: Acleris
variana (Fern.), Archips sp., Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Coleotechnites
276 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat, part 5, p. 264-266 (cat. World spp.).
dioryctriae Rohwer. Calif. Host: Dioryctria auranticella (Grote).
Microtypus dioryctriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 227. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1970. Hym. Cat., part 5, p. 252-263 (cat. World spp.).
ablusus Muesebeck. Ont., Minn.
Orgilus ablusus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. ZooL, n. 30, p. 11. 9.
comptanae Muesebeck. Que. to Fla.; 111., Miss. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel).
s.
elasmopalpi Muesebeck. N. C, S. C, Ga., Fla., Okla., Tex.; Jamaica. Host: Diatraea saccharalis
(F.), Elas))iopalpu.t lignosellus Zell.
Orgilus elasmopalpi Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. n. 30, p. 38. 9.
erythropus Muesebeck. Utah.
Orgihtfi erythropus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool, n. 30, p. 39. 9.
exilis Muesebeck. Oreg.
Orgilus exilis Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 40. 9.
Biology: Nickels, Pierce and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bu!. 1011, p. 12 (as
Orgilus »iaculive>itris).
lautus Muesebeck. Mich.
Orgilus lautus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zoo!., n. 30, p. 59. 9.
lepidus Muesebeck. Calif. (?); Argentina, Uruguay. Liberated in Calif, but not known to be
established. Introduced from Argentina and Uruguay. Host: Phthorimaea operculella
(Zell.).
Orgilus lepidus Muesebeck, 1967. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 69: 177. 9, tJ.
Biology: Oatman, Platner and Greany, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 1407-1414. — Greany
and Oatman, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 375-383.
levis Muesebeck. Fla.
Orgilus levis Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool, n. 30, p. 60. 6.
lissus Muesebeck. Calif.
Orgilus lissus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 61. 9.
longiceps Muesebeck. East. U. S. (?); Japan. Liberated in eastern U. S. but not known to be
established. Introduced from Japan. Host: Grapholitha molesta Busck.
Orgilus longiceps Muesebeck, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 52. 9, 6.
lunaris Muesebeck. Idaho, Calif.
Orgilus Innaris Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 61. 9.
macrurus Muesebeck. Que., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Va., Ont., Colo.
Orgilus niacrurus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 62. 9, <S .
maculiventris (Cresson). Mass., Va., Fla., La., Tex. Host: Antaeotricha kionilis (Zell.).
Eubadizon viaculiventris Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 178. 6.
medicaginis Muesebeck. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico.
Orgilus medicaginis Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 64. 9, 6.
melissopi Muesebeck. Oreg., Calif. Host: Melissopiis latiferranus (Wlsm.).
Orgilus melissopi Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 65. 9, 6.
mellipes (Say). W. Va., Va., Fla., Mich., Ind., Ala., 111., Mo., La. Host: Keiferia inconspicuella
(Murtf.), Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.).
Eubadizon incognitus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 11: 644. 9.
mimicus Muesebeck. Calif.
Orgilus )iiimicus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 67. 9.
modicus Muesebeck. Ga., Fla., Ark., La., Okla., Tex. Host: Stegasta bosquella (Chamb.).
Orgilus viodicus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 68. 9, S.
momphae Muesebeck. N. Y., Pa., N. J., Va., Ont., Mich., Ohio, Minn. Host: Mompha eloisella
Clem.
Orgilus momphae Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 68. 9, 6.
monticola Muesebeck. Idaho.
Orgilus monticola Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. n. 30, p. 69. 9.
280 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Watson and Arthur, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 481. —Miller, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53:
318.— JuUet, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 342-346, 701-704. -Leius, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 371-375.
— Dowden, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226, p. 62. — Syme and Green, 1972. Canad.
Ent. 104: 523-530.
opacus Muesebeck. Ont., Pa., Va. Host: Scythris sp.
Orgilus opacus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. n. 30, p. 74. 9, cJ.
oregonensis Muesebeck. Oreg.
Orgilus oregonensis Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 75. 9 .
pumilus Muesebeck. S. C.
Orgilus pumilus Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 81. 9.
rasilis Muesebeck. Ariz.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1970. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., n. 30, p. 1. — Shenefelt, 1970. Hym.
Cat., part 5, p. 263-264, 266-268 (cat. World spp.).
carpocapsae Muesebeck. Va., N. C, Ky., Te.x. Host: Desmia funeralis (Hbn.), Eustixia pupula
Hbn., Harrisi)ia aniericana (Guer.), Laspeyresia ponionella (L.).
Stantonia carpocapsae Muesebeck, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 90. 9.
Subfamily NEONEURINAE
Species in this small group are internal parasites of ants and are rarely collected.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (15): 3-6 (No. Amer. spp.).
Subfamily EUPHORINAE
This is the most specialized group of the Braconidae. Although the adult and larval morpholo-
gy is rather homogenous, the subfamily can be divided into two groups from the viewpoint of
biology: the Meteorini, most of which are parasites of lepidopterous larvae, and the Euphorini
and Cosmophorini, which are parasites of nymphs and adult insects of various orders. Tobias
(1965, 1966) has studied this group and included several other subfamilies and genera. However,
his arrangement apparently groups together some rather unrelated elements and is, therefore,
not followed in this catalog.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, 38 p. (World genera. No. Amer.
spp.).
Taxonomy: Tobias, 1965. Ent. Obozr. 44: 841-865. -Tobias, 1966. Ent. Obozr. 45: 612-633 (key
to World genera). — Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 4-137 (cat. World spp.).
Tribe METEORINI
Genus METEORUS Haliday
Taxonomy: Tobias, 1966. Ent. Obozr. 45: 615-617. -Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p.
48-101 (cat. World spp.).
acronyctae Muesebeck. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz. Host: Acronicta sp., Halisidota sp., H.
ingens Hy. Edw., Hyphantria cunea (Drury).
Meieorus acronyctae Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 35. 9, d.
angustipennis Muesebeck. Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., N. J., Md., W. Va., Ohio, Tenn., Iowa.
MeteoruH angustipennis Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 19. 9, S.
argyrotaeniae Johansen. Conn., Wis., N. Mex., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif., Alaska. Host: Acleris
gloverana (Wlsm.), A. variana (Fern.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlkr.), Argyrotaenia
citrana (Fern.), Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Meteorus argyrotaeniae Johansen, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 319. 9.
arizonensis Muesebeck. N. Mex., Ariz.
Meteorus arizonensis Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 34. 9 6. ,
autographae Muesebeck. Newfoundland s. to Fla., w. to Wis. and La. Host: Acleris variana
(Fern.), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Alsophila ponetaria (Harr.), Anticarsia gemmatalis
Hbn., Autographa sp., A. biloba (Steph.), Autoplusia egena (Guen.), Colias eurythema
Bdvl., Erergestis strannninalis Hbn., Heliothis zea (Boddie), Orgyia leucostigma (Sm.),
Peridronia saucia (Hbn.), Plathypena scabra (F.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.),
Pseudoplnsia includens (Wlkr.), Spodoptera eridania (Cram.), S. exiqua (Hbn.), S.
frugiperda (Sm.), S. ornitliogalli (Guen.), Triclioplusia ni (Hbn.), Udea nibigalis (Guen.).
Meteorus autographae Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 30. 9, S.
baker! Cook and Davis. N. B. s. to N. C, w. to Sask. and Utah; Wash. Host: Dasychira
plagiato (Wlkr.), Halisidota argeutata Pack., Hyphantria
cunea (Drury), H. textor
(Harr.).
Meteorus bakeri Cook and Davis, 1891. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 73: 9. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 283
betulini Mason. Que., Pa., Md., Mich., Man. Host: Orchesia sp.
Meteorus beixdini Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 717. 9, tJ.
campcstris Viereck. U. S. and Canada. Host: Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Loxostege
commixtalis (Wlkr.), L. sticticalis (L.), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), 0. penitalis (Grote),
Pklyctaenia coronata tertialis (Guen.), Pyrausta futilalis (Led.), Sparganothis saracana
Kearf.
Meteorus campcstris Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 281. 9.
Meteorus loxostegei Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 401. 6.
cingiliae Muesebeck. N. B., Maine, N. H., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Ont. Host: Cingilia catenaria
(Drury).
Meteorus cingiliae Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69: 3. 9, 6.
Meteorus petiolariferus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui.
22, p. 223. S.
Meteorus pretiosus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22,
p. 223. 3.
datanae Muesebeck. Maine, Mass., Conn., Pa., N. J., N. C. Host: Datana angusii G. and R., D.
integerrima G. and R., D. ministra (Drury).
Meteorus datanae Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 38. 9.
dimidiatus (Cresson). U. S. and Canada. Host: Desmia funeralis (Hbn.), Epizeuxis sp.,
Meteonts oecopsidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 642. 6.
Meteorusflorklanm Asiimead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 642. 6.
Meteorus relations Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 280. 6.
Meteorus triangularis Muesebeck, 1919. Canad. Ent. 51: 115. 9, 3.
hypophloei Cushman. N. C, Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Tex., Wis., Mont., Wyo., N. Mex., Idaho,
Wash., Calif. Host: Corticeus sp., C. parallelus (Melsh.), Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.,
D. ponderosae Hopk.
Meteorus hypophloei Cushman, 1931. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 21: 302. 9,6.
laphygmae Viereck. Tex., N. Mex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer., north. So. Amer. Host: Autographa
sp.,Colias eurythene Bdvl., Elaphria nucicolora (Ouen.), Feltia subterranea (F.),
Heliothis zea (Boddie), Leucania latiuscula U.S., Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia
unipuncta (Haw.), Soniothisa punctolineata (Pack.), Spodoptera eridania (Cram.), S.
exigua (Hbn.), S.fnigiperda (Sm.).
Meteorus laphygmae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 560. 9,6.
leviventris (Wesmael). Holarctic, Neotropical. Host: Agrotis gladiaria Morr., A. ipsilon (Hufn.),
A. malefida Guen., A. orthogonia Morr., Autographa californica (Spey.), Autoplusia
egena (Gn.), Colias enrytheme Bdvl., Euxoa auxiliaris agrestis (Grote), E. excellens
(Grote), E. mes.soria (Harr.), E. ochrogaster (G.), Feltia ducens Walkr., F. subterranea
(F.), Hellula undalis (F.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Scotogramma trifolii (Rott.),
pulchricornis (Wesmael). New England (?); Europe, N. Afr. Liberated in New England
but
not known to be established. Introduced from France. Host: Lymantria dispar (L.).
Perilitus pulchricornis Wesmael, 1835. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 42. 9, 6.
ruficeps (Nees). Que. (?), Ont. (?); Europe. Liberated in Que. and Ont. but not
known to be
established. Introduced from Europe. Host: ChoriatoHeura fumiferana (Clem.).
PerilituH ruficeps Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 39. 9, 6.
tauricornis (Provancher). Labrador s. to Md., w. to Ont. and Iowa; Fla., Tenn., Colo., Alaska.
Rhopalophonis tauricornis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 168. 9.
terebratus Muesebeck. Mich. Host: Orchesia castanea Melsh. Host record needs to be
confirmed.
Meteonis terebratus Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 24. 9, 6.
tersus Muesebeck. Idaho, Calif. Host: A)>iorbia essigaiia Busck, Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., 0.
vetiista gulosa (Hy. Edw.), Sabulodes caberata (Gn.).
Meteorus tersus Muesebeck, 1956. Pan-Pac. Ent. 32: 25. 9, <S.
Biology: Fleschner, Ricker and Johnson, 1957. Calif. Avocado Soc, Ybk. 41: 115.
tetralophae Muesebeck. N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Ont., Ind., and Iowa. Host: Dioryctria disclusa
Heinr., Psorosiua ha)n)iiotidi (Riley), Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.), T. robustella ZelL,
T. subcaualis (Wlkr.).
Meteorus tetralophae Muesebeck, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69: 2. 9.
tibialisMuesebeck. Que., N. Y., Ga., Ont., Wis. Host: Hyperplatys aspera (Say).
Meteonis tibialis Muesebeck, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 23. 9, cJ.
trachynotus Viereck. U. S. and Canada. Host: Acleris longiana (L.), A. variana (Fern.),
Ancylis sp., A. coniptana fragaria (W. and R.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlkr.), A. rosaniis
(L.), A. semiferanus (Wlkr.), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.), Choristoneura conflictana
(Wlkr.), C.fuviiferaua (Clem.), C. lauibertiana (Busck), C. occideutalis Freem., C. pinus
Freem., Dioryctria roiiculella (Grote), Epis7)ius argutanus (Clem.), Evora hemidesma
(Zell.), Grapliolitha uiolesta (Busck), Platynota idaezisalis (Wlkr.), Sparganothis
vitticollis(Holmgren). Calif.
Saprotichus vitticollis Holmgren, 1868. Eug. Resa I, Zool. I, Ins., p. 431. S.
57.
Tribe EUPHORINI
Members of this tribe are chiefly endoparasites of adult insects, but the species of some
groups parasitize nymphs of Heteroptera and Psocoptera.
286 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 6-8 (No. Amer. spp.). — Papp,
1965. Acta Zool. Hung. 11: 181-201 (World spp.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 11-15 (cat. World spp.).
fisheri (Viereck). Pa. s. to Ga., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Euschistus servus euschistoides
(Voll.).
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 29-30 (cat. World spp.).
americanus Mason. Mass., N. Y., Md., Va., Ohio, Mich., 111., Tenn., Ark., La., Ariz., Calif. Host:
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 9-10. -Shenefelt, 1969.
Euphorns phloeotribi Ashmead, 1893. In Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 249.
Nomen nudum.
Cryptoxilos convergens Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 9. 9, c5.
Revision: Loan and New, 1972 (1971). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 92-108 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 25-27 (some No. Amer.
spp.).
— Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 34-35 (cat. World spp.).
criddlei Loan and New. Ont.
Euphoriella criddlei Loan and New, 1972 (1971). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 105. 9, 6.
foutsi Loan and New. Md., Iowa.
Euphoriella foutsi Loan and New, 1972 (1971). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 102. 9, S.
hyalopsocidis Loan and New. Ont. Host: Hyalopsocus striatus (Wlkr.).
Euphoriella hyalopsocidis Loan and New, 1972 (1971). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 105. 9, d.
incerta (Ashmead). Fla.
Labeo incertus Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 74. "9" = 6.
kaladarensis Loan and New. Ont.
Euphoriella kaladarensis Loan and New, 1972 (1971). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 102: 96. 9, d.
Biology: Sommerman, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 149-152 (lists numerous species of
nymphal and adult psocids from which she reared Hymenoptera, probably braconids, but
only the one species listed above was definitely associated with Euphoriella
sommermanae.).
Biology: Loan, Gerber, and Reid, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 1273-1284.
juglandis Loan. Ont. Host: Corythucha juglandis (Fitch). This parasite is bisexual and
apparently restricted to C. juglandis on Juglans sp.
Holdawayella juglandis Loan, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 1274. 9,6.
tingiphaga Loan. Ont. Host: Corythucha coryli 0. and D., C. heidemanni Drake, C. pruni 0.
and D., C. ulmi 0. and D. This parasite is parthenogenetic and shows an apparent field
preference for C. heidemanni.
Holdawayella tingiphaga Loan, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 241. 9.
Leiophron Nees, 1818. Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. 9: 103. No species included.
Type-species: Leiophron apicalis Curtis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. Desig. from three
species first included by Haliday, 1833, Ent. Mag. 1: 263.
Euphorus Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 360.
Type-species: Euphorus pallicomis Nees. Monotypic.
Euphoriana Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 433.
Type-species: Euphoriana unifomiis Gahan. Orig. desig.
Parasitic on nymphs of Miridae.
Revision: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241: 28-33 (some No. Amer. spp.).
—Richards, 1967. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 119: 171-186 (some Eur. spp.). —Loan,
288 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
1974. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 126: 222-238 (Eur. spp.). —Loan, 1975 (1974). Nat.
Canad. 101: 824-834 (No. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Muesebecl<, 1958. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 410-412. — Shenefelt, 1969. Hym.
Cat., part 4, p. 33-48 (cat. World spp.). —Loan and Bilewicz-Pawinska, 1973. Environ. Ent.
2: 271-278. —Loan, 1974. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 126: 222 (syn. of Eiiphoriana).
uniformis (Gahan). Widely distributed in U. S. Host: Lygus elisus Van Duzee, L. hesperus
Knight, L. lineolaris (P. de B.), L. pratensis (L.).
Enphoriana uniformis Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 433. 9, 6.
Biology: Clancy and Pierce, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 853-858.
Taxonomy: Loan, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 404-416 (key to No. Amer. spp.).
— Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 101-115 (cat. World spp.). —Loan, 1975.
Entomophaga 20: 31-41 (Haliday types).
Biology: Smith, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53: 173-176 (host list). —Loan, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 71: 409-410 (host Ust).
aethiopoides Loan. Maine s. to Va., w. to Ont. and Ohio; Calif.; Europe. Introduced from
France. Host: Hypera meles (F.), H. nigrirostris (F.), H. postica (Gyll.), H. nimicis (L.),
Sitoiia crinitus Hbst., S. hispidulus (F.).
Microctonus aethiopoides Loan, 1975. Entomophaga 20: 33. 9, S. According to Loan
(1975), this species has been incorrectly identified as aethiops (Nees); most literature on
aethiops in North America apparently refers to aethiopoides Loan.
Taxonomy: Fuester, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1777-1778 (larval distinction).
Biology: Loan and Holdaway, 1961. Canad. Ent. 92: 1057-1079. —Coles and Putler, 1963.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 609-610. —Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt.
101, p. 4 (distr., releases, recoveries). —Day, et al., 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 190-193
(distr.).
— Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 167, p. 4-5 (releases and
recoveries). —Abu and Ellis, 1976. Environ. Ent. 5: 1040-1042.
Taxonomy: Fuester, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1777-1778 (larval distinction).
Biology: Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 101, p. 4-5 (releases,
recoveries as Microctonus sp.). —Day, et al., 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 191-193 (distr.).
—Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 167, p. 4 (releases and
recoveries).
crepidoderae Loan. Ont. Host: Crepidodera spp.
Microctonus crepidoderae Loan, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 230. 9,6.
glyptosceli Loan, Klein and Coppel. Wis. Host: Glyptoscelis pubescens (F.).
Microctomis glyptosceli Loan, Klein and Coppel, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 230. 9,6.
invictus Muesebeck. Ariz., Calif. Host: Trigonoscuta sp.
Microctonus invictus Muesebeck, 1961. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 56: 59. 9, 6.
loani Mason. N. B., Que., Ont. Host: Altica ambiens alni Harr., A. comi Woods, Calligrapka
philadelphica (L.).
Microctomis loani Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 726. 9.
Biology: Chittenden and Marsh, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 902, p. 13 (as Perilitus epitricis
Viereck).
sitonae Mason. Ont. Host: Sitona scissifrons Say.
Microctonus sitonae Mason, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 436. 9, cJ.
Myiocephalus Marshall, 1897. /)( Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5 bis, p. 218.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241: 21. — Shenefelt, 1969. Hym.
Cat., part 4, p. 115-116 (cat. World spp.).
Species in this genus are parasitic on adult Coleoptera, particularly Coccinellidae and
Chrysomelidae. Tobias (1965) treats Dijiocanipu.s as a distinct genus.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 11-13 (No. Amer. spp.).
—Tobias, 1965. Ent. Obozr. 44: 842 (restored Dinocampus). —Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat.,
Biology: Jackson, 1928. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 1928: 597-630 (biol. of rutilis (Nees) in
Europe). -Smith, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53: 175-176 (host list).
coccinellae (Schrank). Cosmopolitan. Host: Adonia variegafa (Goeze), Coccinella colifornica
Mann., C. noveninotata Hbst., C. quinquepunctata L., C. septempunctata L., C.
trifascicta Juliana Muls., Coleoniegilla niac7ilata fuscilabris (Muls.), C. m. macidata
(DeGeer), C. m. lengi Timb., Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Halyzia quattnordecimguttata
(L.), Hippodamia convergens Guer.
Ichneumon coccinellae Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, p. 310. 9.
Bracon tenninatus Nees, 1812 (1811). Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 26. 9, d.
Euphorus sculptus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 227. 9.
Cetitistes aniericana Riley, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 103. 9.
Perilitus hopkinsi Ashmead, 1911. In Viereck, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13: 95.
292 Hymenoptera in America Nori;h of Mexico
Revision: Loan, 1974. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 126: 207-222 (Eur. spp.). —Loan, 1975
(1974). Nat. Canad. 101: 835-859 (No. Amer. spp.).
Biology: Brindley, 1939. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 14: 51-56. —Loan,
1965 (1964). Ent. Soc. Ont., Proc. 95: 115-121. —
Lim and Stewart, 1976. Canad. Ent. 108:
815-821.
Biology: Drea, ei at., 1973. Environ. Ent. 2: 278-280. -Butler and Wardecker, 1974. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 67: 132-133. -Van Steenwyk and Stern, 1976. Environ. Ent. 5: 931-934. —Van
Steenwyk and Stern, 1977. Jour. Econ. Ent. 70: 66-69.
tacamahacae Loan. Ont., N. S.
Peristenus tacamahacae Loan, 1975 (1974). Nat. Canad. 101: 857. S.
vitidisLoan. Ont. Host: Lygocoris vibnoti (Knight), Taedia scnipeus (Say).
Peristenus vitidis Loan, 1975 (1974). Nat. Canad. 101: 839. 9, 6.
wallisi Loan. B. C.
Peristenus wallisi Loan, 1975 (1974). Nat. Canad. 101: 859. 9,6.
zingiberis Loan. Ont. Host: Macrotylus sexguttatus (Prov.).
Peri.'itenus zingiberis Loan, 1975 (1974). Nat. Canad. 101: 852. 6.
Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 542-546. — Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat.,
part 4, p. 124-125 (cat. World spp.).
wisconsinensis Shenefelt. Wis.
Ropalophorus wisconsinensis Shenefelt, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 543. 9.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 22-25. —Shenefelt, 1969.
Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 130-133 (cat. World spp.).
Microctonus americanus Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, Insects N. J., p. 588 (teste Shenefelt, 1969.
Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 130).
Taxonomy: Muesebeck, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 241, p. 20-21. -Shenefelt, 1969.
Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 134-135 (references).
Wesmaelia americana Myers, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 293. 9,6.
Wesmaelia asiatica Shestakov, 1932. Zool. Anz. 99: 261.
Biology: Hendrick and Stern, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 389.
— Stoner, 1973. Ent. Soc.
Tribe COSMOPHORINI
Host records indicate that species are solitary endoparasites of adult Coleoptera. This tribe is
composed of one Holarctic genus which has been placed in various groups, including its own
sub-
Revision: Hedqvist, 1955. Ent. Tidskr. 76: 92-98 (Eur. spp.). — Capek, 1958. Acta Ent. Mus.
Natl. Pragae 32: 151-169 (Eur. spp.).
Family APHIDIIDAE
By Paul M. Marsh
The family Aphidiidae isthe only group in the parasitoid Hymenoptera (other than the chalcid
Aphelininae genera Aphelinus, Mesidia and Mesidiopsis) which has aphids as its primary hosts.
The family is closely related to the subfamily Euphorinae of the Braconidae and, until recently,
has been classified as a subfamily of the Braconidae. However, most workers in this group clas-
sify the Aphidiidae as a distinct family, and I have chosen to follow this arrangement.
Two catalogs to the species of the World have recently been published: M. Mackauer and P.
Stary (1967. Index of Entomophagous Insects; Hym. Ichneumonoidea, World Aphidiidae. Le
Francois, Paris. 195 pp.), and M. Mackauer (1968. hi Ferriere and van der Vecht (ed.), Hymenop-
terorum Catalogus (nova editio), part 3, Aphidiidae. Junk, The Hague. 103 pp.). Except for a few
cases, I have followed the systematic arrangement of Mackauer (1968) in preparing the North
American catalog which follows. Both catalogs mentioned above contain a complete list of
references to taxonomy and biology and a complete list of aphid hosts for each species. In the
North American catalog below, I have listed only selected references, and the reader is referred
to the above pubUcations for further references. Also, only those aphid hosts which occur in
North America have been listed for each parasite species.
Revision: Gahan, 1911. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 152: 147-200 (No. Amer. forms). —Smith,
1944. The Aphidiinae of North America. Ohio State Univ. Contr. Zool. Ent. No. 6, xii + 154
pp. (No. Amer. forms).
Taxonomy: Stary, 1960. Acta Soc. Ent. Cech. 57: 238-252 (genera). —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z.
Ent. 11: 96-154 (review British Museum types). —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11:
792-803 (subfamilies, tribes, genera). —Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 921-935 (review
Baker types). —Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 1-195 (cat. World
spp. and hosts). —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 1-103 (cat. World spp. and hosts).
—Marsh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 848-849 (key to No. Amer. genera).
Biology: Stary, 1966. Aphid Parasites of Czechoslovakia. Junk, The Hague. 242 pp.
(particularly chapters VI-XIV, pp. 96-222 for a general summary of aphid parasite
biology).
Subfamily EPHEDRINAE
All species of this subfamily are solitary endoparasites of adult and larval aphids. Pupation is
inside the mummified host aphid. The subfamily is cosmopolitan in distribution.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 794, 798-799 (phylogeny, systematic position).
— Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 9-13 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 15-21 (host list).
Morphology: Ivanova-Kasas, 1956. Ent. Obozr. 35: 245-261 (embryology). Sedlag, 1956.
—
Deut. Zool. Gesell., Verh. 1956: 356-361 (female genitalia). —
Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Proc. (A) 41: 42-44 (mouthparts).
brevis Stelfox. Canada, Colo., Alaska; Europe. Parasitic on aphids associated with Betiila and
AhiHs.
Ephedrus breris Stelfox, 1941. Roy. Irish Acad., Proc. 46: 140. 9,6.
Epiiedru.s picticoniis Stelfox, 1941. Roy. Irish Acad., Proc. 46: 138. 9,6.
californicus Baker. N. B., Que., Ont., Md., Mich., Alta., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Host: Acyrtlio.'iipho)i pisH»i (Harr.), Dacfynotii.'^ anibro.siae (Thorn.), Macrosiphum
agrinionk'Uuni (Ckll.), M. eiiphorbiae (Thomas), M. ro.sae (L.), Rhopalomijzu.'i grabhaiui
(Ckll.).
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 923-924. —Mackauer and Finlayson, 1967. Canad.
Ent. 99: 1072-1074.
incompletus (Provancher). Ont., N. B. s. to Fla., w. to Kans.; Oreg. Host: Acyrthosiphon
dirhoditui (Wlkr.), Aphis naxturtii Kalt., Aiilacorthuni sp., Dactynotus erigeronensis
(Thom.), D. mini (H. and F.), D. rudbeckiae (Fitch), Lipaphis erysinii (Kalt.),
Macrosiphum agrinionielluni (Ckll.), M. euphorbiae (Thom.), M. liriodendri (Monell), M.
rosae (L.), Microparsus variabilis Patch, Myzus cerasi (F.), M. certiis (Wlkr.), M.
persicae (Sulzer), Nercorylobiion carpinicolens (Patch). This species is occasionally
confused with Ephedrus californicus Baker.
PerilHus incompletus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 126. 6.
Ephedrus incompletus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 156. 9.
Scotioneurus dives Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 157. 6.
Ephedrus rosac Withington, 1909. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 22: 318. 9,6.
Biology: Withington, 1909. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 22: 318-321. —Wheeler, 1923. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 16: 1-29.
lacertosus (Haliday). Canada, Md., Mich., Colo., Alaska, Wash., Oreg.; Mex.; Europe. Host:
Amphorophora agathonica Hottes, Macrosiphoniella absinthii (L.), Macrosiphum
agrimoniellum (Ckll), M. rosae (L.), Masonaphis maxima (Mason).
Aphidius {Ephedrus) lacertosus Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 486. 9, cJ.
Ephedrus lacerto.sns var. homostigma Fahringer, 1934. Arkiv f. Zool. 27(A): 13. 6.
Ephedrus muesebecki Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 20. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 99.
— Sharma and Subba Rao, 1965 (1964).
Indian Jour. Ent. 26: 458-459.
palaestinensis Mackauer. Calif.?; Eastern Mediterranean. Liberated in Calif, but not known to
be established. Host: Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, Rhopalosiphum maidis
(Fitch), R. padi (L.).
Ephedrus (Ephedru.'^) palae.'itiuensis Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 867. 9, 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 297
persicae Froggatt. Nearly world-wide distribution. Host: Aphis craccivora Koch, A.fabae
Scop., A. gossypii Glover, A. pomi DeGeer, Brachycaudus cardui (L.), B. Iielichrysi
(Kalt.), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Capitophorus sp., Dysaphis crataegi (Kalt.), D.
plantaginea (Pass.), H
yadaphis foeniculi (Pass.), Macrosiphnm euphorbiae (Thomas),
Myzus cerasi (F.), M. ligustri (Mosley), M. persicae (Sulzer), M. varians Dav., Phorodon
humuli (Schrank), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), R. padi (L.), Toxoptera aiirantii
(Fonsc), Vesiculaphis caricis (Full).
Ephedriis persicae Froggatt, 1904. Agr. Gaz. N. S. W. 15: 611. 9.
Ephedrus nevadensis Baker, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent. 1: 23. 9, 6.
Ephednis nitidus Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 195. 9.
Ephedrus vidali Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 72. 9.
Ephednis pulchellus Stelfox, 1941. Roy. Irish Acad. Sci., Proc. 46: 139. 9.
Ephedrus interstitialis Watanabe, 1941. Insecta Matsumurana 15: 139. 9.
Ephednis impressus Granger, 1949. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. (A) 2: 412. 9,6.
Ephednis {Ephednis) holmani Stary, 1958. Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 3: 68. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1962. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 632-633. — Mackauer, 1963. Ztschr. f. Angew.
Ent. 52: 343-354. -Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 924.
Biology: Stary, 1962. Entomophaga 7: 91-100. —Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 1019-1021.
plagiator (Nees). Calif. ?, 111. ?; Palearctic. Liberated in Calif, and III. but not known to be
established. Introduced from Taiwan and Japan. Host: Macrosiphum rosae (L.),
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch).
Bracon plagiator Nees, 1811. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, Verh. 5: 17. 9, d.
Aphidius parcicomis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 16. 9, cJ.
Ephednis japonicus Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 187. 9, d.
Biology: Jackson, et al., 1974. Environ. Ent. 3: 618-620.
Aphidius subg. Trionyx Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261, 487. Preocc. by Geoffroy (1809)
and Oken (1816).
Type-species: Aphidius (Trionyx) deltiger Haliday. Monotypic.
Toxares Haliday, 1840. In Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., vol. 2, Generic synopsis, p. 65.
New name for Trionyx Haliday.
Teronyx Haldeman, 1842. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1: 191. New name for Trionyx
Haliday.
A Holarctic genus composed of two species, only one of which is found in North America. The
host range is not clearly defined but it is possibly restricted to the subfamily Aphidinae.
Species in this genus are solitary endoparasites of larval and adult aphids. Pupation is in a
separate cocoon underneath the dead host aphid. The genus occurs in the Holarctic and Oriental
Regions.
298 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Gaiian, 1911. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 152: 161-166 (No. Amer. spp.). —Smith,
1944. Aphidiinae of North America, pp. 22-32 (No. Amer. spp.). — Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 685-687. —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat, part 3,
Biology: Ainslie, 1917. Ent. News 28: 364-367. -Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 812-815.
—Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 23-34 (host list).
Morphology: Sedlag, 1956. Deut. Zool. Gesell., Verh. 1956: 356-361 (genitalia). —Mackauer,
1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 812-815 (cocoon). — Schlinger and Hall, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
53: 144-160 (genitalia, egg, larvae). — Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 41:
42-44 (mouthparts).
abjectum (Haliday). Greenland. Host: Aphia craccivora Koch, A.fabae Scop., A.farhiosa
Gmelin, A. sayiibuci Rbopalonipliiini padi (L.).
L.,
aguti Smith. N. B. and Ont. s. to Va.; Mich., Idaho, Calif. Host: Acyrthosiphon pisinn (Harr.),
A. solani (Kalt.), Macrosipboniella abrotani (Wlkr.), M.frigidicola G. and P.,
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), M. rosae (L.), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Neomyzus
circumflexuK (Buckton).
Praon aguti Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 23. 9, <S .
americanum (Ashmead). Maine, Ind. Host: Macrosiphuvi avenae (F.), Myzus persicae (Sulzer),
Rliopalosiphnni padi (L.).
Diaeretus americanus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 669. S.
Diaeretus websteri Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 669. 6.
Diaeretus brunneiventris Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 670. S.
artemisaphis Smith. Utah, Wash. Host: Macrosipboniella coweni (Hunter).
Praon artemisaphis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 26. 9.
cerasaphis (Fitch). N. Y. Single male in U. S. Natl. Mus. in poor condition; exact placement
uncertain.
Trioxys cerasaphis Fitch, 1855 (1854). Agr. Soc. State N. Y., Trans. 14: 842.
coloradense Ashmead. Colo., Wash.
Praon coloradensis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 20. 6.
exoletum palitans Muesebeck. N. J., Del, Md., Ky., Nebr., Kans., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz.,
Nev., B. C, Calif.; Mediterranean. Introduced from Southern Europe and Near East.
Host: Therioaphis riehmi (Borner), T. trifolii (Monell). P. exoletum exoletum (Nees) is
European.
Praon palitans Muesebeck, 1956. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 51: 27. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 832 (subspecies of exoletum Nees). —Stary,
1966. Aphid Parasites of Czechoslovakia, p. 42 (synonym of exoletum Nees).
Biology: Schlinger and Hall, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 154-157. —Schlinger and Hall, 1960.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 144-160. —Finney, et al., 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53: 655-659.
—Force and Messenger, 1964. Ecology 45: 706-715. —Force and Messenger, 1965. Ecology
46: 853-859.
Morphology: Schlinger and Hall, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 144-160.
humulaphidis Ashmead. N. Y., Md., Va., Mich., Ohio, Ark., Tex. Host: Dactynotus illini (H.
and F.).
Praon humulaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 657. 9.
Praon virginiensis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 657. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 299
myzophagum Mackauer. Calif. ?; Europe. Liberated in Calif, but not known to be established.
Introduced from Israel. Host: Myzus certus (Wlkr.), M. persicae (Sulzer).
Praon vohicre myzophagum Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 847. 9,6-
nanus Baker. Nev. Host: Rhopalosiphum fitchii (Sanderson).
Praon nanus Baker, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent. 1: 23. 6 .
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 925-926 (possibly synonym of Praon
americanum Ashmead).
negundinis Smith. Canada, Ohio, Iowa. Host: Periphylhis lyropidus (Kess.), P. negundinis
(Thomas).
Praon negundinis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 27. 9, S.
occidentale Baker. Canada, northern U. S. Host: Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harr.), A. solani
(Kalt.), Aphis nasttirtii Kalt., Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), M. rosae (L.), Myzus
persicae (Sulzer).
Praon occidentalis Baker, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent. 1: 23. 9.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 926-927. —Mackauer and Finlayson, 1967. Canad.
Ent. 99: 1059-1061.
Biology: Shands, et al., 1965. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. T19: 1-77.
— HalfhUl and Dickie,
1972. Environ. Ent. 1: 402-405 (history of releases).
simulans (Provancher). Md., Ont. Host: Dactynotus ambrosiae (Thomas), D. rudbeckiae
(Fitch).
Aphidaria simulans Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 153. 9,
6.
Biology: Schlinger, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53: 151-154. —Schlinger and Hall, 1960. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 53: 411.
volucre (Haliday). 111.; Europe. Reportedly adventive from England.
Aphidius (Praon) volucris Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 484. 9, (J.
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 33-34 (host list).
Subfamily APHIDIINAE
All species are solitary endoparasites of larval and adult aphids, and pupation is inside the
mummified host. The subfamily is cosmopolitan in distribution.
Tribe APHIDIINI
SUBTRIBE LYSIPHLEBINA
Genus LYSIPHLEBUS Foerster
Taxonomy: Stary, 1960. Acta Soc. Ent. Cech. 57: 244 (redescription). —
Stary, 1966. Aphid
Parasites of Czechoslovakia, pp. 80-92 (Eur. spp., in Ly.tiphlebus). —
Mackauer, 1968. Hym.
Cat., part 3, pp. 23-24 (cat. World spp., host list). —Stary, 1975. Annot. Zool. Bot., n. 105, p.
1-9.
Lysiphlebus crocinus Mackauer, 1962. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 21: 12. 9, 6.
fuscicornis (Ashmead). Conn., Ont., Tenn., S. Dak., Mont., Idaho, Calif. Host: Aphis annoraciae
Cowen, A. forbesi Weed.
Lipolexis fuscicornis Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 7. 9.
salicaphis (Fitch). N. Y., Ohio, Sask., Colo., Utah, Wash., Calif.; Palearctic. Host: Chaitophorus
populicola (Thomas), C. viniinalis (Monell).
Trioxys salicaphis Fitch, 1855 (1854). Agr. Soc. State N. Y., Trans. 14: 841. 9.
Trioxys populaphis Fitch, 1855 (1854). Agr. Soc. State N. Y., Trans. 14: 841. 6.
Lipolexis salicaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 671. 9, 3.
Aphidius (Diaeretus) laticephalus Telenga, 1953. Trudy Inst. Zool. Parazit. Tashkent 1:
172. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 12: 182 (as Diaeretus salicaphis (Fitch)).
— Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 102 (as Diaeretus salicaphis (Fitch)).
Biology: Schlinger and Hall, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 409.
Taxonomy: Stary, 1961. Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 7:131-142. —Mackauer, 1961.
Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 792-803. —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 24-30 (cat. World spp.).
— Stary, 1975. Annot. Zool. Bot., n. 105, p. 1-9.
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 39-47 (host list).
Morphology: Trembly, 1964. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 22: 1-122 (mouthparts, genitalia, egg,
larvae, cocoon). —
Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 41: 42-44 (mouthparts).
distinctus Mackauer. Idaho, Nev. Host: Microsiphum acophoruni S. and K., M. oregonensis
(Wilson).
Lysiphlebus (Lysiphlebus) distinctus Mackauer, 1960. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 18: 236.
9, 6.
Aphidius (Lysiphlebus) knoivltoni Smith, in part, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p.
80.
fabarum (Marshall). Calif. ?; Palearctic. Liberated in Calif, but not known to be established.
Introduced from Lebanon. Host: Aphidinae. Parasitic on most species of Aphidinae, on
Myzus- Brachycaudus series and, occasionally on Macrosiphuni, Dactynoius, and
related genera.
Aphidius fabaruni Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 599. 9,6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 301
Apliidius cardui Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 593. 9,6.
Aphidius mirantii Pierantoni, 1907. Atti 1st. Sci. Nat. Napoli 59: 2. 9, 6-
Aphidius gomezi Quilis, 1930 (1929). Patol. Veg. Ent. Agr., Bol. 4: 55. 9, d.
Apliidius janinii Quilis, 1930 (1929). Patol. Veg. Ent. Agr., Bol. 4: 61. 9, cJ.
Lysiphlehus innovatus Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 39. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus moroderi Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 43. 9, 6.
Lysiphlehus fabarum var. inermis Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 46. 9.
Biology: Quilis, 1930. Patol. Veg. Ent. Agr., Bol. 4: 49-64. —Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 30-46.
— Ivanova-Kass, 1956. Ent. Obozr. 35: 245-261 (embroyology). —
Tremblay, 1964. Portici
Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 22: 1-122. —Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp.
42-42 (host list).
flavidus Gahan. Ohio, Nebr., Colo. Host: Aphis albipes Oestl., A. debilicomis G. and P.,
Aphthargelia symphoricarpi (Thomas).
Lysiphlebus flavidus Gahan, 1911. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 152: 186. 9.
knowltoni (Smith). Idaho, Utah, Wash. Host: Artemisaphis artemisicola (Wms.), Microsiphum
acophorum S. and K.
Aphidius {Lysiphlebtis) knowltoni Smith, in part, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p.
80. 9, i.
testaceipes (Cresson). Very common throughout temperate North America and South
America. Host: Aphidinae. Widely polyphagous; host range includes most species of
Aphidinae, Myzus-Brachycaudus series and occasionally Macrosiphum and related
genera (Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 45).
Trioxys testaceipes Cresson, 1880. U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p. 208. 9.
Aphidius citraphis Ashmead, 1880. Orange Insects, p. 70. 9, S.
Adialytus maidaphidis Garman, 1885. In Forbes, 111. State Ent., Rpt. 14: 31. 9, cJ.
Aphidius flavicoxa Ashmead, 1888. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 2: 23. 9, d.
Aphidaria basilaris Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 396. 9,6.
Lysiphlebus minutus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 663, 664. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 664. d, not 9.
piceiventris
Lysiphlebus curcurbitaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 665. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus eragrostaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 665. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus coquilletti Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 665. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus myzi Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 666. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus gossypii Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 667. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus abutilaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 667. 9,6.
Lysiphlebus tritici Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 668. 9, 6.
Lysiphlebus persicaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 668. 9.
Lysiphlebus baccharaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 668. 9,6.
Aphidius persiapkis Cook, 1891. Mich. Agr. Col., Bui. 73: 12. 6.
Aphidius (Lysiphlebus) chrysoaphidis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 78. 9,
6.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1960. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 18: 244-249. —Mackauer, 1960. Beitr.
z. Ent. 10: 612-617.
SUBTRIBE PROTAPHIDIINA
Taxonomy: Fahringer, 1937. Festschr. E. Strand 3: 240-245 (key Eur. spp.). —Mackauer 1961.
Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 106-108. —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 31-39 (cat. World spp.).
bicolor (Ashmead). N. J. s. to Fla.; Ohio, Wis. Host: Cinara cronartii T. and P., C. pergandei
(Wilson), C. pini (L.), C. strobi (Fitch).
Aphidius bicolor Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 658. 9.
Aphidius (Protaphidins) scorpinicns Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p.
45. 9,
6.
californica (Ashmead). Va., Ont., Ohio, S. Dak., Alta., B. C, Calif. Host: Schizolachnus
piniradiatae (Davidson), S. parvus (Wilson).
Aphidius californicns Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11:
660. 9.
procephali (Ashmead). Pa., D. C, Va., N. C, Ohio, Minn., Nebr., Wash. Host: Cinara pergandei
(Wilson), C. abieticola (Cholod.).
Aphidius procephali Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 659. 6.
Aphidi7(s {Protahpidius) prociphali Ashmead: Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 93. Unjustified emendation.
salignae (Watanabe). Western U. S. (teste Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, p. 37). Host:
Tiiberolachnus salignus (Gmelin).
Aphidius salignae Watanabe, 1939. Insecta Matsumurana 13: 81. 9, S.
takomaensis (Smith). Md., Va., N. C, Sask., Colo. Host: Cinara hottesi (G. and P.), C.
ponderosae (Wms.).
Aphidius (Prdtaphidius) takomaensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 46. 9,
S.
varigata (Smith). Colo., B. C, Calif. Host: Cinara canatra H. and B., C.fomacula Hottes, C.
hottesi (G. and P.).
Aphidius (Protaphidius) varigatus Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 47. 9.
xanthothera (Smith). East. Canada, N. C, S. C, Ala., Ark., Okla. Host: Cinara Carolina Tissot,
C. pergandei (Wilson), C. pinea (Mord.), C. strobi (Fitch), C. watsoni Tissot.
Aphidius (Protaphidius) xanthotherus Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 48. 9,
cJ.
SUBTRIBE APHIDIINA
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 801 (raised to generic status).
cingulatus (Ruthe). Greenland, N. B., Mass., D. C, Mich., Ohio, Iowa, Utah, N. Mex., Calif.;
Europe, Iran. Host: Pterocomma bicolor (Oest.), P. populeum (Kalt.), P. populifoliae
(Fitch), P. salicis (L.), P. smithiae (Monell).
Aphidius cingulatus Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 315. 9, d.
Aphidius gregarius Marshall, 1872. Ent. Monthly Mag. 9: 123. 9, cJ.
Aphidius pterocommae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 659. S.
Aphidius lachni Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 660. 9, cJ.
Aphidius pterocommae Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 578. 9.
setiger Mackauer. Canada; Europe. Host: Periphyllus lyropictus (Kessler), P. testudinaceus
(Fernie).
Euaphidius setiger Mackauer, 1961. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 19: 273. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Hincks, 1951. Zool. NomencL, Bui. 4: 18-19 (nomenclature). Mackauer, 1961. —
Beitr. Ent. 11: 109-112. —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 42-58 (cat. World spp.).
z.
Morphology: Short, 1952. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 103: 80-82 (larvae). Ivanova-Kasas, —
1956. Prob. Sovr. Embryol. 1956: 199-204 (embryology). —Ivanova-Kasas, 1956. Ent. Obozr.
35: 245-261 (embryology). -Sedlag, 1956. Deutch. Zool. GeseU., Verh. 1956: 356-361 (female
genitalia).
—
Wiackowski, 1962. Polski Pismo Ent. 32: 253-310 (egg, larvae, cocoon, adult).
— Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 41: 42-44 (mouthparts). Eady, 1969. —
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B., 38: 165-173 (petiole).
alius Muesebeck. Calif. Host: Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), M. rosae (L.).
Aphidius (Aphidius) alius Muesebeck, 1958. Ent. News 69: 142. 9, <J.
Biology: Schlinger, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53: 151-154. —Schlinger and Hall, 1960. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 53: 405.
Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 141. 9, cJ.
Aphidius platensis Brethes, 1913. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. Aires, An. 24: 41. 9.
Aphidius hubrichi Brethes, 1913. Mus. Nac Hist. Nat. B. Aires, An. 24: 41. "9"
= 6.
Aphidiiis porteri Brethes, 1915. Ann. Zool. Apl. 2: 13. 6.
Aphidius aphidiphilus Benoit, 1955. Mus. Roy. Congo Beige, Ann. 36: 349. 9, cj.
Aphidius Leroyi Benoit, 1955. Mus. Roy. Congo Beige, Ann. 36: 350. 9.
Aphidius tra7iscaspicus Telenga, 1958. Biol. Zh. Akad. Nauk Uzbekskoi 2: 55. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Stary, 1975. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 72: 156-163.
Biology: Millan, 1956. Revta Invest. Agr. Buenos Aires 10: 243-280. —Mackauer and Stary,
1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 83-84 (intro. into Calif, as platensis). —Stary, 1972.
Orient. Ins. 6: 359-370 (distr. and host range as platensis).
coloratus Baker. Pa.
Aphidius coloratus Baker, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent. 1: 24. 9.
Aphidiiis caraganae Stary, 1963. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 55: 603. 9,6.
Aphidius mirotarsi Stary, 1963. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 35: 605. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Mackauer and Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1061-1066. —Stary, 1974. Ztschr.
f. Angew. Ent. 77: 141-171.
Biology: Dunn, 1949. Bui. Ent. Res. 40: 97-122. —Mackauer, 1962. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 50:
125-131. —Stary, 1962. Zool. Listy 11: 265-278. —Mackauer and Finlayson, 1967. Canad.
Ent. 99: 1061-1066. —Mackauer and Campbell, 1972. Ent. Soc. Br. Col., Jour. 69: 54-58.
— Halfhill and Dickie, 1972. Environ. Ent. 1: 402-405 (history of releases). —Campbell and
Mackauer, 1973. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 74: 47-55. —Stary, 1974. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 77:
141-171.
floridaensis Smith. Fla., Tex. Host: Aphis gossypii Glover, Dactynotus sp., D. ambrosiae
(Thomas).
Aphidius (Aphidius) floridaensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 56. 9, 6.
glacialis Ashmead. Alaska.
Aphidius glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 245. 9.
hortensis Marshall. Ohio, Idaho, Utah, Wash.; Europe. Host: Liosomaphis berberidis (Kalt.).
Aphidius hortensis Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 590. 9,6.
Aphidius (Aphidius) berberidis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 54. 9, 6.
kakimiaphidis Smith. Colo., Utah. Host: Kakimia cerei G. and P.
Aphidius (Aphidius) kakimiaphidis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 58. 9,
6.
matricariae Haliday. Holarctic. Host: Aphis fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii Glover, A. helianthi
Monell, A. nasturtii Kalt., A. nimicis L., Acrythosiphon solani (Kalt.), Brachycaudus
cardui (L.), B. helichrysi (Kalt.), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Dysaphis pla7itagi7iea
(Pass.), Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.), Myzus cerasi (F.), M. certus (Wlkr.), M. ligustri
(Mosley), M. persicae (Sulzer), Neomyzus circumflexus (Buckton), Ovatus sp., Phorodon
306 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Aphidius phorodontis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 662. 9, 6.
Aphidius polygoni Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 602. 9, d.
Aphidius lychnidis Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 607. 6.
Aphidius valentinus Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 47. 9.
Aphidius affinis Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 48. 9, cJ.
Aphidius arundinis var. obscuriforme Quilis, 1931.
Eos 7: 50. 9.
Aphidius renominahis Hincks, 1943. Ent. Monthly Mag. 79: 44. New name for Aphidius
cirsii Haliday.
Taxonomy: Schlinger and Mackauer, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 648-653 (also covers
biology, distribution, and host range).
montanus Ashmead. Colo.
Aphidius montanus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assn., Bui. 1: 20. S.
obscuripes Ashmead. Ont. s. to S. C, w. to N. Dak. and Colo.; Wash., Oreg. Host: Aphis
nasturtii Kalt., Acyrthosiphon solani (Kalt), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), M.
avenae (F.), Rhopalosiphum fitchii (Sand.), R. padi (L.).
Aphidius obscuripes Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 660. 9, cJ.
ohioensis Smith. N. B., Ohio, Tenn., Ark., Kans., Idaho, Ariz., B. C, Wash., Calif. Host:
Dactynotus ambrosiae (Thomas), D. nidbeckiae (Fitch), D. anomalae (H. and F.), D.
erigeronensis (Thomas), D. illini (H. and F.), Macrosiphum eiiphorbiae (Thomas).
Aphidius (Aphidius) ohioensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 63. 9, 6 .
Taxonomy: Smith, 1941. Aphidiinae of No. Amer., p. 60 (as nigripes in part). —Mackauer and
Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1066-1070 (as ervi pulcher). —Stary, 1974, Ztschr. f.
Angew. Ent. 77: 141-171.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 307
Biology: Cooke, 1963. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1287: 1-48 (as pulcher). Mackauer and —
Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1066-1070 (as ervi pidcher). —Berry, 1969. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 62: 1185-1189.
polygonaphis (Fitch). Que., N. B. s. to Fla. and La., w. to Wis. and Kans.; Utah. Host:
Dactynotus ambrosiae (Thomas), D. rudbeckiae (Fitch), D. luteola (Wms.), D. taraxaci
(Kalt.), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), M. liriodendri (Monell).
Praon polygonaphis Fitch, 1855 (1854). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 14: 840. 9.
Aphidius canadensis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 204. 9.
Aphidius obscunis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 152. 6.
Aphidius pallidus Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 661. 9.
Aphidius nigrriceps Ashmead, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 6. 6.
Lysiphlebus succineus Viereck, 1904. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 282. 9.
propinquus Ashmead. Colo., Idaho, Calif., Alaska.
Aphidius prropinquus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 245. i.
Aphidius frigidus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 246. 9, d.
ribis Haliday. Northern U. S., southern Canada; Europe. Host: Cryptomyzus ribis (L.).
Aphidius (Aphidius) ribis Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 104. 9.
Lysiphlebus ribaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 664. 9.
Aphidius scobiosae Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 596. 9,6.
Aphidius ribis Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 167. 9,6.
Biology: Wheeler, 1923. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 16: 1-29. —Mackauer, 1958. Ztschr. f. Angew.
Ent. 43: 282-285. -Schlinger and HaU, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 407.
rosae Haliday. Holarctic. Host: Macrosiphum rosae (L.), M. liriodendri (Monell).
Aphidius (Aphidius) rosae Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 97. 9, 6.
Aphidius rosarum Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 19. 9, 6.
Aphidius xanthostoma Bouche, 1834. Naturgesch. d. Ins. v. 1, p. 163. 9,6.
Aphidius cancellatus Buckton, 1876. Monog. Brit. Aphides, v. 1, p. 111. 9.
rubifolii Mackauer. B. C. Host: Masonaphis maxima Mason.
Aphidius rubifolii Mackauer, 1968. Ent. Soc. B. C, Jour. 65: 34. 9, d.
salicis Haliday. N. B., Ont., Calif.; Palearctic. Host: Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli), C.
(Lysiphlebus) sp.).
— Kloft, et al., 1964. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 55: 180-181 (geographical
distribution).
sicarius Mackauer. N. B.; Palearctic. Host: Behdaphis quadritubercidata (Kalt.), Calaphis sp.
Aphidius sicarius Mackauer, 1961. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 19: 281. 9,6.
Lysaphidus callipterinellae Takada, 1966. Insecta Matsumurana 28: 129. 9,6.
smithi Sharma and Subba Rao. Apparently widely distributed in U. S. and Canada; India,
Pakistan. Introduced from India. Host: Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Myzus persicae
(Sulzer) (in laboratory). Exact host range not established.
Aphidius (Aphidius) smithi Sharma and Subba Rao, 1959 (1958). Indian Jour. Ent. 20: 183.
9,6.
Taxonomy: Mackauer and Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1070-1072. —Stary, 1974. Ztschr.
f. Angew. Ent. 77: 141-171.
Ecology 48: 993-1000. -Clancy, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 1743. -Fox, et al, 1967. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 1083-1087. —Thurston and Pass, 1967. Ent. Sec. Amer., Ann. 60:
708-709. —
Mackauer, 1968. Entomophaga 13: 281-287. —
Mackauer, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 63: 342-343. -Stary, 1970. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, BoU. 28: 19-34. Tamaki, et al, —
1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 973-980. —Pass and Par, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64:
1150-1153. -Stary, 1971. Ent. Soc. Fr., Ann. (N. S.) 7: 351-355. —
HalfhiU and Dickie, 1972.
Environ. Ent. 1: 402-405 (history of releases). —Mackauer and Campbell, 1972. Environ.
Ent. 69: 55-57. —Campbell and Mackauer, 1973. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 74: 47-55. Halfhill —
and Featherston, 1973. Environ. Ent. 2: 469-472. —Stary, 1974. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 77:
141-171.
Apkidius Jletcheri Ashmead, 1900. In Fletcher, Ent. Soc. Ont., Rpt. 30: 107.
Aphidius washingtonensis Ashmead, 1900. In Johnson, Can. Ent. 32: 60.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 59-60 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 82-85 (host list).
adelocarinus (Smith). Idaho, Utah, Calif. Host: Capitopkorus shepherdiae G. and B.,
Pleotrichophorus glandulosus (Kalt.), Pseudoepameibaphis glauca G. and P., P.
xenotrichus K. and S.
Aphidius (Lysaphidus) adelocarinus Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 73. 9,
6 .
Taxonomy: Stary, 1960. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 57: 238-239, 242-243. —Stary, 1961. Acta Ent.
Mus. Natl. Pragae 34: 383-397. —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 801. —Mackauer, 1964.
Beitr. z. Ent. 14: 53-58.
rapae (M'Intosh). Cosmopolitan. Host: Aphis craccivora Koch, A.fabae Scop., A. gossypii
Glover, A. nasturtii Kalt., A. pomi DeG., A. rumicis L., Brachycolus asparagi Mord.,
Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.), B. rumexicolens (Patch), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.),
Capitophonis sp., Dactynotus sp., Diuraphis noxius (Mord.), Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.),
Hyadaphis foeniculi (Pass.), Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), Macrosiphum euphorbiae
(Thomas), certus (Wlkr.), M. persicae (Sulzer), Protaphis sp., Rhopalosiphum,
Myzus
R. maidis (Fitch), R. padi (L.), Schizaphis graminum (Rond.). This is one
fitchii (Sand.),
of the more important economic species in the Aphidiidae. Although it has a wide host
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 309
range, including most species of Aphididae but with a preference for the
Myzus-Bracliycaudus series, it is largely responsible for the natural control of its main
host, the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.).
Aphidius rapae M'Intosh, 1855. Book of the Garden, v. 2, p. 194. 9.
Aphidius (Trionyx) rapae Curtis, 1860. farm Ins., p. 73. 9. Preocc. by M'Intosh, 1855.
Diaeretus chenopodii Foerster, 1867. In Kirchner, Cat. Hym. Eur., p. 125. Nomen nudum.
Trioxys piceus Cresson, 1880. U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p. 260. 9,6.
Lipolexis chenopodiaphidis Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 671. 9, S.
Diaeretus ferrugmipes Ashmead, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life
3: 61. Nomen nudum.
Aphidius brassicae Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 597. 9, cJ.
9, 6.
Tribe TRIOXINI
SUBTRIBE MONOCTONINA
Genus MONOCTONUS Haliday
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1959. Senckenberg. Biol. 40: 179-180 (subgenera). — Mackauer, 1968.
Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 63-66 (cat. World spp.). —Stary and Smith, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 78: 171-175 (distr., hosts, nomenclature).
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 89-92 (host list).
caricis (Haliday). Maine, N. C, Minn., N. Dak., Wash.; Europe. Host: Aulacorthum solani
(Katl.), Psetidacaudella rubida (Borner).
Aphidius (Monoctonus) caricis Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261. 9,6.
crepidis (Haliday). N. B., Que.; Europe. Host: Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley).
Aphidius (Aphidius) crepidis Haliday, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 94. 9,6.
Aphidius tubercidatus Wesmael, 1835. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 80. 9.
Monoctonus pallidum Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 548. 9.
310 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Griffiths, 1960. Bui. Ent. Res. 51: 303-319. —Griffiths, 1961. Bui. Ent. Res. 52:
147-163. -Mackauer, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1089-1093.
nervosus (Haliday). Mich., Oreg.,Calif., Alaska; Europe, Asia. Host: Acyrthosiphon pisum
Amphoroplwra rubitoxica Knowl., Aphis nimicis L., Macrosiphum
(Harris),
califomicum (Clarke), M. euphorbiae (Thomas), Masonaphis grindeliae Wms., Myzus
omatus Laing, M. persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion fragariae
(Wlkr.).
Aphidius (Monoctonus) nervosus Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 488. 9,6.
Aphidius paulensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 246. 9, i.
Monoctonus secundus Viereck, 1915. Calif. State Comm. Hort. Monthly Bui. 4: 28. 9 , S.
Biology: Calvert and van den Bosch, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 422-432, 773-779 (host
range and specifictiy, biology, as paulensis). —Calvert, 1973. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 66:
28-33 (host selection, as paulensis).
Taxonomy: Stary and Smith, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 173-174.
SUBTRIBE TRIOXINA
Genus BOREOGALBA Mackauer
Boreogalba Mackauer, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1107.
Type-species: Boreogalba gladifer Mackauer. Grig, desig.
gladifer Mackauer. Northeastern Canada, Alaska.
Boreogalba gladifer Mackauer, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1108. 9.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 137-160. — Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97:
225-231. -Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 68-78 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Schlinger and Hall, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 34-45. —Mackauer and Stary,
1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 94-101 (host list).
Morphology: Schlinger and Hall, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 34-45 (egg, larvae, adult).
— Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 41: 42-44 (mouthparts).
americeris Smith. Eastern Canada, Md., Fla., Ohio, Tenn., Mo. Host: Drepanaphis acerifoliae
(Thomas), D. mo7ielli (Davis).
Trioxys (Trioxys) americeris Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 87. 9, 6.
betulae Marshall. N. B., N. H., Que., Ont.; Palearctic. Host: Calaphis sp., C. betulaecoleus
(Fitch), Symydobius oblongus (von Heyden).
Trioxys betulae Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 553. 9.
bonnevillensis Smith. Idaho, Utah. Host: Pleotrichophonis bitrichus (K. and S.), P.
glandulosits (Kalt.), P. oestlundi (Knowl.), P. pseudoglandulostis (Palmer),
Pseudoepameibaphis glauca G. and P.
Trioxys (Trioxys) bonnevillensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 88. 9, 6.
complanatus Quilis. Canada, Ky., Wis., Minn., Iowa, Ark., Nebr., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Nev.,
Calif.; Mex., Europe, Middle East. Introduced from Southern Europe and Middle East.
Host: Therioaphis riehmi (Bomer), T. trifolii (Monell).
Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 78. 9, d.
Trioxys utilis Muesebeck, 1956. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 51: 26. 9, (?.
gahani Smith. N. J. Morphologically simDar Trioxys species known from Europe suggest the
host range of gahani to be restricted to the genus Chaetosiphon (Mackauer and Stary,
1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 98).
Trioxys (Trioxys) gahani Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 92. 9, 6.
ibis Mackauer. N. B.; Europe. Host: Betulaphis quadrituberculata (Kalt.).
Trioxys (Pectoxys) ibis Mackauer, 1961. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 19: 288. 9.
infrequens Smith. Western Canada, Colo. Morphologically similar species of Trioxys are
parasitic on the genus Titanosiphon Nevsky or related aphids (Mackauer and Stary,
1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 99).
Trioxys (Trioxys) iyifrequens Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 93. 9 .
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 167-171. — Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11:
115-116, 147. -Mackauer, 1962. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 652-653. -Hall, et al., 1962. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 55: 566-568.
Biology: Fisher, et al., 1959. Diamond Walnut News 41: 18. —Hall, et al., 1962. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 55: 566-568. —van den Bosch, et al., 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 857-862. —van
den Bosch, et al., 1971. Calif. Agr. 24: 9-10. — Frazer and van den Bosch, 1973. Environ.
Ent. 2: 561-568.
Revision: Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, pp. 84-98 (No. Amer. spp.). —Mackauer,
1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 144-179 (Eur. spp.). —
Stary, 1966. Aphid Parasites of
Czechoslovakia, pp. 72-79, 89-91 (Czech, spp.). —
Takada, 1966. Insecta Matsumurana 29:
23-36 (Jap. spp.). —Stary and Schlinger, 1967. Rev. Far East Asian Aphidiidae, pp. 107-128
(East Asian spp.). All these references are to revisions of species as part of the genus
Trioxys Haliday.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 141-148 (subgenera). —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z.
Ent. 11: 802 (raised to generic status). —Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 225-231 (notes on
No. Amer. spp.). —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 75-80 (cat. World spp.).
Biology: Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 102-109 (host list).
angelicae mediterraneus (Mackauer). Calif. ?; Middle East. Liberated in Calif, but not known
to be established. Introduced from Israel and Lebanon. Host: Aphis craccivora Koch, A.
fabae Scop., A. gossypii Glover, Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc).
Trioxys (Binodoxys) angelicae mediterraiieus Mackauer, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 142 (in
part). 9, S. According to Mackauer and Stary (1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 104)
part of the original type series of this species included angelicae granatensis (Quilis)
which is restricted to the western Mediterranean area.
carolinensis (Smith). Eastern Canada, Mass., N. C. Host: Aphis oenotherae Oestl., A. pomi
DeG.
Trioxys (Trioxys) carolinensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 89. 9, d.
communis (Gahan). Calif. ?; Asia. Liberated in Calif, but not known to be established.
Introduced from Taiwan. Host: Aphis gossypii Glover, Rhopalosiphum sp.
Trioxys communis Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70: 4. 9, d.
coruscanigrans (Gahan). Colo., Idaho, Utah. Host: Macrosiphoniella coweni (Hunter), M.
jonesi (G. and P.), M. frigidae (Oestl.).
Trioxys coruscanigrans Gahan, 1911. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 152: 195. 9.
cupressicola (Gahan). Calif. Host: Siphonatrophia cupressi (Swain), S. gravida (Knowl.).
Trioxys cupressicola Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 116. 9, 6.
nearctaphidis Mackauer. N. J. Host: Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen).
Binodoxys nearctaphidis Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 229. 9, d.
paimerae (Smith). Colo. Host: Macrosiphum mentzeliae Wilson.
Trioxys (Trioxys) paimerae Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 94. 9, 3.
rhagii (Ashmead). N. J., Ont., Mich. Host: Dactynotus atripes (G. and P.).
Trioxys rhagii Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 670. 9.
Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 138. — Mackauer, 1961. Ztschr. f. Parasitenk.
20: 586-587.
caudacanthus (Smith). Fla., Wis. Host: Dactynotus erigeronensis (Thomas), D. gravicomis
(Patch).
Trioxys (Acanthocaudus) caudacanthus Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 97.
9, (J.
Family HYBRIZONTIDAE
By Paul M. Marsh
The one genus and two species which comprise this family in North America were placed in
the family Braconidae under the subfamily Paxylommatinae in the original catalog. Authors who
have published on this group are nearly evenly divided as to whether it should be given family
or subfamily status, but I have chosen to treat it as a distinct famUy.
These wasps are relatively rare and their host relationships have not been satisfactorily
established. They are found associated with ants and may be ant parasites; however, one record
suggests parasitism of aphids.
Revision: Watanabe, 1946. Matsumushi 1: 24-31 (for World).
Taxonomy: Foerster, 1862. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 19: 247 (key to genera).
—Marshall, 1891. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, pp. 619-628 (taxonomy, key to
genera).
—
Ashmead, 1894. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 55-60 (taxonomy, key to genera).
—Marshall, 1899. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1899: 73-79 (taxonomy, key to genera).
—Strand, 1914. Ent. Mitt. 3: 27-31 (taxonomy). —
Donisthorpe and Wilkinson, 1930. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 78: 87-93 (taxonomy). —
Schmiedeknecht, 1930. Hym.
Mitteleuropas, pp. 374-375 (key to genera).
— Ceballos,
1943. Eos 19: 63-67 (taxonomy).
— Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, pp. 1-4 (cat. World spp.). —van Achterberg, 1976.
Ent. Berich. 36: 61-64 (subfamily status).
Biology: Webster, 1914. Jour. Econ. Ent. 7: 403-404 (No. Amer. host records). —Donisthorpe
and Wilkinson, 1930. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 78: 87-93 (review of biology).
Family ICHNEUMONIDAE
By Robert W. Carlson
Most of the members of this large family are parasites of holometabolous insects. A few spe-
cies or groups of species parasitize spiders (egg sacs, spiderlings, or adults) or egg sacs of pseu-
doscorpions. No identified Ichneumonidae are known to be primary parasites of paurometabo-
lous insects (cf. Clancy and Pierce, 1966). Further discussion of host relations is deferred to the
introductions pertaining to genera or supergeneric categories. General information on the biolo-
gy, host selection, or ecology of Ichneumonidae can be found in the discussions of Cushman
(1926), Clausen (1940), Townes and Townes (1951, p. 184-185), and Townes (1958,1962). Addi-
tional biological references were cited by Sachtleben (1962c).
According to the estimate of Townes (1969, p. 6) the Nearctic fauna of Ichneumonidae includes
slightly more than 8000 species, only 35 percent of which had been described. Of the 27 currently
recognized subfamilies, only the Agriotypinae and Collyriinae have no species native to North
America (one species of Collyriinae was introduced from Europe).
I have attempted to include most of the species known to have been released in North Amer-
ica for purposes of biological control. In a few cases, I knew from voucher material or had other
reasons to suspect that the identifications which had been published in reference to releases
were incorrect. When I lacked the information necessary for correcting the identifications of
such species, they were excluded from the catalog. None of the species thus excluded are known
to be established.
Lists of species synonymy for species not confined to America north of Mexico are as
complete as I could make them. No synonyms were intentionally excluded by virtue of having
been described from areas outside the geographic scope of this catalog.
Distributions given for species are self-explanatory. In the catalog of Townes and Townes
(1951) numerous species which are not particularly common in collections, and some which ac-
tually are rather scarce, were cited as having distributions such as "transcont. in Transit, and U.
Austr. Zones." Except in a very few cases, distributions of the latter type have been replaced by
lists of states and provinces or by bracketing distributions such as: Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.
Although he did not refer to them by number (except on p. 49), Townes, (1969, p. 15-18)
discussed the manner in which Opinions 157 and 159 of the International Commission on Zoologi-
cal Nomenclature came to be pubHshed by Hemming (1945). I have looked into the various
316 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
of Curtis (1828 and 1839, respectively). I regard application of the names Pimpla Fabricius
(1804) and Pimplini to Coccygomimus and Echthromorphini, respectively (in accordance with
the illegal Opinion 159), as a nomenclatural absurdity of incredible magnitude. Fabricius placed
no species of Coccygomimus in Pimpla; he invariably placed them in Cryptus in 1804. Thus
Ichneumon instigator Fabricius (the type-species of Pimpla according to Opinion 159) was not
one of the species which Fabricius had included in Pimpla.
I regard Ephialtes Schrank (1802, p. 316) as an available name. Schrank's partial misidentifica-
tion of the type-species (see his p. 269-270 description of Ichneumon compunctor Unnaeus)
makes it a case analogous to that of his genus Paniscus (see introductory discussion of Netelia),
except for the fact that Paniscus is suppressed as a junior synonym of Ophion.
in favor of the oldest
Questions of synonymy of supergeneric names have here been decided
available supergeneric names having type-genera which are currently valid (i.e. not suppressed
as junior objective or subjective synonyms). The resultant usage is largely in agreement with
that in the paper by Fitton and Gauld (1976) on the ichneumonid supergeneric names other than
those of Ichneumoninae. The most noteworthy differences between their usages and mine per-
tain to Ephialtini (not used here), Pimplini, and names based upon Cryptus.
The following is a discussion of some of the most important publications on Ichneumonidae
pertinent to studies of the Nearctic fauna; to a limited extent,
some of the authors are also
discussed. Biographical data on these and additional authors who published on Ichneumonidae
were compUed by Sachtleben (1962b, p. 720-726).
The first real to study Ichmeumonidae was Gravenhorst (my reference to him as an
specialist
ichneumonid speciahst should not be misconstrued; he is also well known for his taxonomic work
on certain Coleoptera, and he published on subjects other than entomology). In 1815 Graven-
horst published the first sizeable taxonomic paper that dealt strictly with Ichneumonidae. In
1819 he published a conspectus (i.e. outline) of the 1829 work that is the foundation for modern
ichneumonology. The appearance of the latter work was preceded by Gravenhorst's (1820) paper
on the ichneumonids of the Italian Piedmont and by Thunberg's (1822, 1824) revision of
"Ichneumonidea," (Ichneumonoidea, Gasteruptiidae, and Aulacidae). Thunberg's revision was
based largely upon Fabricius (1804), but the nine generic names which Fabricius had proposed
for the species Thunberg treated were suppressed by Thunberg as synonyms of Ichneumon.
This resulted in much homonymy, and Thunberg proposed many replacement names. Fortunate-
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 317
ly, most of the replacement names are unavailable by virtue of having been proposed to replace
senior homonyms.
Gravenhorst (1829), on the other hand, attempted to redefine the Fabrician genera of Ichneu-
monidae and give them phyletic meaning by excluding all but a few of the originally included
species and adding others. With the exception of Gelis Thunberg (1827), Gravenhorst also util-
ized the generic names which had been proposed by other authors who had preceded him.
Although Gravenhorst's generic nomenclature was not altogether sound with respect to present
rules (see Townes, 1969, p. 10), many of the nomenclatural problems which surfaced in the early
part of the 20th Century were not caused by anything Gravenhorst did (although he is culpable
in the cases of Bassus and Xorides), and could not have been avoided by anything he could have
foreseen. In the case of Pimpla, Gravenhorst (1819) did not indicate the precise group of species
for which he would use the name in his familial (our generic) sense; therefore, Curtis (1828)
could not have known that his choice of type-species would not agree with Gravenhorst's (1829)
usage.
Townes (1959) described the general condition of the Gravenhorst collection. Additional infor-
mation on the collection and its labeling were published by Townes (1965).
Foerster (1868) was the next person to publish a major work dealing with the entire family.
All of the 489 genera newly described in his 1868 paper had no included species. Foerster in-
tended that his generic names would apply to the European fauna, but the first included species,
European or otherwise became the only ones eligible for selection as type-species. In many cases
the type-species fixation was by subsequent monotypy (Intematl. Code Zool. Nomencl., art. 69
[A] [ii] [2]). Perkins (1962) dealt with the type-species of the Foerster genera, and except for
the few cases in which corrections are made here or elsewhere, or in which species have been
referred to Foerster genera since 1962, the type-species I have cited are those cited by Perkins.
Holmgren, Cresson, and Provancher were contemporaries who between 1855 and 1890
published many descriptions of new species of Ichneumonidae, and, in the case of Holmgren,
many new genera also. The majority of the new species described by Cresson are Nearctic.
Cresson's (1887) synopsis of Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico included keys to the sub-
families and genera of Ichneumonidae and a catalog of the species and their synonyms. Cresson
(1916) published a list of species he had described, and he indicated which single specimen was to
be regarded as the type for each; thus he selected lectotypes for those cases in which he had
described a species from more than one specimen. His 1916 paper also included a list of all the
papers he had published on Hymenoptera, but there is no published list which excludes those
that do not involve Ichneumonidae. Cresson's (1928) paper (published posthumously) on the
types of other authors concerns only those to be found in the collection at the Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences of Philadelphia. Therefore, in cases where all the type material of a given species
was not deposited at the A. N. S. P., Cresson's citations of individual specimens may not con-
stitute lectotype selection. It is apparent,however, that they were accepted as such by Townes
(1944, 1945) and cases where only one syntype (or only one syntype from the locality indicated
in
as the type locality) was deposited at the A. N. S. P., "Townes may technically be the lectotype
selector.
Provancher dealt mostly with the Fauna of Canada, most particularly with that of Quebec. He
published most of his original descriptions in "le Naturaliste canadien," but in 1883 published a
compilation of them. Additions and corrections to the ichneumonid parts of this 1883 compilation
were published by Provancher (1886, 1888, 1889). Gahan and Rohwer (1917, 1918) selected lecto-
types for many of Provancher's Hymenoptera (except bees). Barron (1975) restudied the Ichneu-
monidae in the Provancher collections. He located some types not found by Gahan and Rohwer
and in some cases rejected lectotypes that Gahan and Rohwer had selected. In most cases, Bar-
ron's grounds for rejecting particular Gahan and Rohwer lectotypes seem valid, but in a number
of the cases there was no proof that the Gahan and Rohwer lectotypes had not been syntypes. In
those cases (which I discuss under the species in question) I have regarded the Gahan and
Rohwer lectotypes as being valid. Barron discussed Provancher's life, collections., and
methodology; he also tabulated Provancher's publications on Ichneumonidae (p. 414).
Holmgren dealt mainly with the fauna of Sweden, but did describe six species from California
(Holmgren, 1869a) and seven from Greenland (Holmgren, 1869b, 1872). According to information
published by Persson (1971) all of the California species were probably collected in the vicinity
of San Francisco.
Thomson published on Ichneumonidae between 1783 and 1897, mostly in his "Opuscula en-
318 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
tomologica"; the latter has continuous pagination, but is in most other respects a serial publica-
tion, and in this catalog I have bibliographically treated it as such. Thomson
was an important
adopter of Foerster names. In adopting them, however, he often altered their terminations (see
Perkins, 1962, p. 387-390). The Thomson spellings have most recently been treated as emenda-
tions (see Walkley, 1958, p. 57; Perkins, 1962, p. 387; Townes, 1969, p. 13-14), and I have cited
them as such in this catalog. However, Thomson never cited the original spellings in any of these
cases, and although it is obvious in most cases that his spellings were deliberate, they technically
should be treated as lapses. Thomson was good at finding characters for distinguishing genera,
and also seems to have been very talented at distinguishing closely related species. His ability in
the latter respect, at least, seems to have been much greater than that of any of his contempora-
ries who worked on Ichneumonidae. The weaknesses in Thomson's work stem from the fact that
he apparently never traveled to study the collections even of prior Scandinavian workers (e.g.
Hobngren, Thunberg, Woldstedt), but instead ignored their names (i.e. in the case of Thunberg)
or attempted to identify their species from their descriptions. Many of Thomson's errors in the
identification of the species of others are being corrected in current papers.
Ashmead published on Ichneumonidae between 1888 and 1906. His 1900 treatment of the
Ichneumonoidea was hastily contrived and full of errors. It is based largely upon the generic
keys of Foerster and, with respect to Ichneumonidae, is significant mostly for its fixation of
some type-species and for the validation of new generic and specific names. Some of the names
validated by Ashmead (1900) were discussed by Cushman (1942). Crawford (1900) published a
list of Ashmead's entomological papers and an index to the generic names of Ashmead; there is
catalog appear to have resulted from the fact that he either did not have all of the primary
literature available to him or did not have time to check it. He connot be faulted on either ac-
count, but those who can feasibly check his cataloging of older works probably would be wise in
doing so.
Viereck published a significant number of papers on Ichneumonidae and other Hymenoptera
between 1902 and 1928, but is probably best known for his publications on the type- species of
Ichneumonoidea (1914, 1921) and the Hymenoptera of Connecticut (1917, with other collaborat-
ing authors). His work on the ichneumonoid type-species was based largely upon Dalla Torre's
catalog; some of his oversights of first inclusions of species in ichneumonid genera of
Foerster
could have been avoided if he had studied Dalla Torre's catalog more carefully. Viereck was not
a careful worker, however, and the characters he used for distinguishing what he called genera
and species were poorly chosen. Consequently, his 1917 treatment of the Ichneumonidae in
Hymenoptera of Connecticut has served only to befuddle or mislead those who have attempted
to use it. Apparently, there is no published list of Viereck's publications.
Roman (Sweden) and Cushman (U. S. A.) were specialists who published numerous papers on
Ichneumonidae over periods of time that were largely overlapping (1903-1940 and 1913-1947,
respectively). I have cited below the four taxonomic papers of Cushman (1921 [with Gahan],
1922, 1928, 1942) which deal with Ichneumonidae in a more or less general fashion. A complete
listing of Cushman's publications was given by Townes (1957).
Roman (1912, 1932, 1936) published important papers on ichneumonid type specimens of Thun-
berg and Linnaeus. His papers on the Ichneumonidae of Greenland are some of the most recent
ones on the subject; these and other papers on Greenland Ichneumonidae were cited by
Sachtleben (1962c, p. 923). Sachtleben (1962a, p. 171-173) listed most of Roman's papers on
Ichneumonidae.
The Nearctic catalog of Ichneumonidae by Townes (1944, 1945) differs from the present
catalog in showing all the published generic combinations for each species and in citing type lo-
calities and type repositories. Those types of Viereck cited in that catalog as being at the Conn.
Agr. Expt. Sta. have since been transferred to the U. S. Natl. Museum. Other corrections to the
1944-1945 catalog of Townes were given by Townes (1973, p. 359-369).
The Nearctic catalog of Townes and Townes (1951) did not cite either the nomina nuda which
had been cited in synonymy by Townes (1944, 1945) or those he had left unplaced (1945, p.
768-770). The nomina nuda are reinserted here because they have some historic significance, that
significance being greatest when they pertain to specimens which subsequently became types of
valid names.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 319
Short's (1959, 1970) study of final-instar larvae was more complete and detailed than that of
Beirne (1941), and therefore seems to have had a greater impact upon the classification of Ichne-
umonidae. Although some specialists who work primarily with adults have recently incorporated
larval studies into their taxonomic revisions, information about larvae has come chieftly from
scientists, like Dr. Short, who are larval specialists. I believe that the information they have
published has in some cases been misused by those who specialize in study of adult specimens.
The latter sometimes accord as great a significance to structural characters of the head sclerites
of final-instar larvae as to the sum total of the adult structural characters which have been stu-
died. For example, Townes (1969, p. 28-29) based his assertion that Ichneumoninae and Cryp-
tinae (=his GeUnae) are unrelated upon differences between the known larvae of the two
groups. Townes believed the fact that "these two subfamilies ... resemble each other to a re-
markable degree" ... "to be the result of hunting [for] hosts on foot," a habit shared by many
members of both groups, but not all the members of either. The Ichneumoninae are internal
pupal and larval-pupal parasites of Lepidoptera, whUe most of the Cryptinae are presumed to be
external parasites of a variety of hosts, including Lepidoptera. The known larvae of these two
groups differ accordingly. Because internal parasitism must evolve from external parasitism (or
vise versa), I believe that it is Ulogical to regard the known larval differences as evidence in-
dicating that the Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae are unrelated. I hope that this and similar
questions are to be addressed in Dr. Short's revised and greatly expanded work on larvae which
is nearly ready for publication (personal commun., J. R. T. Short, 1977).
-Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 249-281 (key); 9:
—Thunberg, 1827. Soc. Sci. Upsala, Nova Acta 9: 199-204
285-368. (Gelis described).
—Curtis, 1828. Brit. Ent., v. 5, pi. 214 (type-species desig. for Pimpla).
—
Gravenhorst,
1829. Ichn. Europaea, 3 v., xxxi and 2916 p. —Curtis, 1839. Brit. Ent., v. 16, pi. 728
(type-species desig. for Ichneumon). —
Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25:
135-221. -Holmgren, 1869a (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 391-442.
—Holmgren, 1869b. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 8 (5): 1-56. —Holmgren, 1872.
Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 29: 97-105. —Thomson, 1873-1897. Opusc.
Ent. 5: 455-527 (1873); 6: 589-612 (1874); 8: 732-777 (1877); 9: 850-936 (1883); 10: 939-1040
(1884); 11: 1043-1182 (1887); 12: 1185-1318 (1888); 13: 1321-1438 (1889); 14: 1441-1534 (1890);
15: 1601-1656 (1891); 16: 1752-1773 (1892); 17: 1862-1886 (1892); 18: 1889-1967 (1893); 19:
1971-2137 (1894); 21: 2343-2404 (1896); 22: 2407-2450 (1897); —Provancher, 1883. Petite
Faune Ent. Canada, v. 2, p. 249-490, 752-803 (addit. et corr.), 819-830 (index).
—Provancher, 1886; 1888; 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 29-121; 356-370
(sup. aux addit.); 445-475 (index), errata.
—
Cresson, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans., sup. vol.
(for 1887), p. 38-52 (keys), 183-221 (catalog). —
Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23:
9-103, 104, 151-152, 161-190. -DaUa Torre, 1901; 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 10-544; pt.
2, p. 545-1058, 1089.
—
Schmiedeknecht, 1902-1927; 1928-1936. Opusc. Ichn., 5 v., 44 fasc,
3570 p.; sup., 1 v., 25 fasc, 1875 p. —
Cravi^ford, 1909. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 10: 126-156
(biog. and bibliog. of Ashmead). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 231-293. — Viereck,
1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83, 186 p. —
Morice and Durrant, 1915. Ent. Soc London,
'
Trans. 63: 339-370, 372-375, 388-390 (scholarly discussion of Jurine, 1801). —Cresson, 1916.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 12-64, 135-140. —Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 243-360. —
Gahan and Rohwer, 1917; 1918. Canad. Ent. 49: 298-308,
331-336, 391-400, 427-433; 50: 28-33, 101-106, 133-137, 166-171, 196-201. —Viereck, 1918;
1919. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 31: 69-74; 32: 45, 198 (supergeneric names). —
Cushman and
Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 153-171 (Say's species of Ichneumonidae).
—Viereck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 59: 129-150 (sup. to Viereck, 1914). —Cushman,
1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 1-30. —Cresson, 1928. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 5: 11-26.
—Cushman, 1928. In Leonard, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 920-960 (N. Y.
list, Ichneumonidae). —Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 1-16 (Linnaean types). —Roman,
1933. Ent. Tidskr. 54: 37-39 (type-species of some old ichneumonid genera). —Roman, 1936.
Ent. Tidskr. 57: 1-5 (ichneumonid types of Linnaeus in Stockholm Mus.). —
Hemming, 1939.
Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations 2: 9-12 (Opinion 135). Beime, —
1941. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 7: 124-190 -Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 92:
277-289. —Hemming, 1943. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 1: 70-86. —
Townes, 1944; 1945. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Mem. 11 (1): 1-477; 11 (2): 478-925. —Hemming, 1945. Internatl. Comn. Zool.
Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations 2: 253-260, 277-289 (Opinions 157 and 159). —Townes
and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 184-409.
—Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 248-254 (bibliog. of Cushman's papers).
— Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 36-62. —Townes,
1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 76-78. —Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 155-172
(pronunciation and derivation of genric names of Nearctic Ichneumonidae). —Short, 1959.
U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 391-511 (final-instar larvae). —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 103-113 (types of Nearctic ichneumonids in European museums). —
Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: iv and 522 p. (Indo-Austalian catalog).
— Sachtleben, 1962a. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 1-242 (bibliog. Palearctic Ichneumonidae). —Perkins,
1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 385-483. —Sachtleben, 1962b. Beitr. z. Ent. 12:
720-731 (biographies, necrologies, and additions to Sachtleben, 1962a). —Sachtleben, 1962c.
Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 915-939 (indices to Sachtleben, 1962a). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: v and 661 p. (Eastern Palearctic catalog). —Townes and
Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: iii and 367 p. (Nootropic catalog). —Walkley, 1967.
In Krombein and Burks, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 60-213.
—Townes, 1969-1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: ii and 300 p. (1969); 12: iv and 537 p.
(1970 [1969]); 13: ii and 307 p. (1970 [1969]); 17: iii and 372 p. (1971) (genera of world,
except Ichneumoninae). —Short, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 122: 185-210 (sup. to
Short, 1959). —
Persson, 1971. Ent. Tidskr. 92: 164-172 (discussion of voyage of Eug. Resa;
see Holmgren, 1869a). —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: iv and 416
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 321
p.(Ethiopian catalog). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 387-591 (types of Provancher).
— Fitton and Gauld, 1976. Systematic Ent. 1: 247-258 (supergeneric names, except those of
Ichneumoninae).
Cushman,
Biology: 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 5-6, 29-51. -Clausen, 1940.
Entomophagous Insects, p. 61-98. —
Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck, et a/., U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 184-185. —Townes, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 650-652.
—Townes, 1962. Verh. XI Internatl. Kong. f. Ent. Wien 1960, v. 2, p. 738-741.
— Sachtleben, 1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 924-939 (various biological indices to Sachtleben
1962a [see taxonomy refs.]). —Clancy and Pierce, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 855, 857.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D: Zool. Sci. 15: 221-274 —Sachtleben,
1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 923-924 (morphology indices to Sachtleben, 1962a [see taxonomy
refs.]).
Subfamily PIMPLINAE
Revision: Townes and Townes (et a/.), 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 3-436.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1921. U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 1-6 (key to tribes). Oehlke, 1964. —
Ent. Abhandl. 29 (10): 533-590 (keys to Palearctic tribes and genera). —
Finlayson, 1967.
Canad. Ent. 99 (1): 1-8 (final-instar larvae). —Oehlke, 1967. In Ferriere and Vecht, Hym.
Cat., pt. 2, 49 pp. (catalog, western Palearctic species).
—
Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et
Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, 302 p. (catalog). —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 59-142
(genera of world).
Tribe PIMPLINI
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1943. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 11) 10: 249-273.
Biology:Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 616. —Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53 (1): 60.
-Arthur, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 1079-1085.
roborator (Fabricius). Eurasia. Introduced but never established in Ontario (1957-1958) and
various points in the U. S. (1924-1932). Host: Ostrinia nnbilalis Hbn., Rhyacionia
buoliana (D. and S.). The hosts listed were the target species for introductions into
North America, but other hosts have been recorded in Europe.
Ichneumon roborator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 17(). 9.
Pimpla longicauda Brulle, 1833, (1832). Exped. Sci. de Moree, v. 2, p. 379. 9.
Xorides aegypticus Walker, 1871. List Hym. Coll. ... Red Sea and Arabia, p. 3. 9.
Pimpla jlavipenyiis Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 234. 9.
Pimpla nodosa Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 235. 9.
322 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Fox, 1927. Natl. Res. Council, Rpt. 21, Ottawa, 58 pp.
—
Timon-David, 1931. Soc. de
Biol. [Paris], Compt. Rend. 106: 829-831. —Baker and Jones, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 460: 1-26.
ruficollis (Gravenhorst). Europe. Introduced in Conn, and N. Y. in 1935-1936 and 7 times in
Ontario between 1933 and 1957 without becoming established. Host: Rhyacionia
biioliana (D. and S. ). Other hosts are known in Europe, but R. buoliana was the target
species for introductions in N. Amer.
Pimpla ruficollis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 153. 9.
Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 395. —Thorpe and Caudle, 1939. Parasitology 30:
523-528. —
Juillet, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 709-719.
Revision: Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 14-79.
lithocolletidis (Ashmead). Calif. Host: Lithocolletis sp. This is a new subgeneric placement.
The host was reared from Grindelia robusta Nutt.
Pimpla lithocolletidis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 447. <5.
Scambus subg. Lissoscambus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 25.
Type-species: Scambus (Lissoscambus) arizonensis Walley. Orig. desig.
arizonensis Walley. Colo., Ariz.; Mexico.
Scambus (Lissoscambus) arizonensis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Phthorimus anomalus Morley, 1905. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 53: 420. 9 .
Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757: 8, 9, 11, 16-20.
hispae (Harris). N. S. s. to Ala., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Acrobasis betulella Hulst, A.
comptoniella Hulst, A. rubrifasciella Pack., Anacampis innocuella (Zell.), Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda Anthophila pariana (Clerck), Archips rosanus (L.),
(¥.),
C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Free., Coleophora pruniella Clem.,
Episimus argutanus (Clem.), Exartema connectum McD., Media variegana (Hbn.),
Acleris minuta (Rob.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Tigrioides bicolor (Grt.), Malacosoma
disstria Hbn., Psilocorsis sp., Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Tischeria sp.,
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Heterarthrus
nemoratus (Fallen), Metallus rohweri MacG., Anoplitus inaequalis (Weber), A. rosea
(Weber), Arthrochlamys bebbianae Brown, Xenochalepus dorsalis (Thun.), Hyposoter
fugitivus (Say).
Ichneiimon Hispae Harris, 1833. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 587.
Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon hispae Harris, 1835. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 1: 149-150. 9.
Pimpla indagatrix Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. 6.
Pimpla minuta Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 41. 6.
Pimpla gossypii Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 445. 9.
Scambus (Scambus) teciimseh Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui.
22: 320. 9. N. syn. In Walley's revision of Scambtis this name is incorrectly applied to a
species for which no name is apparently available.
Scambus (Eremochila) indagator (!) Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 322.
Biology: Porter and Garman, 1923. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 246: 260. Balduf, —
1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 140. —Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 616. —
McConnell, 1928.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 325
longicorpus longicorpus Walley. Que., N. H., Ont., Sask., Alta., Alaska. Host: Dioryctria
reniculella (Grt.), Laspeyresia youngana (Kft.).
Scambus {Scambus) longicorpus longicorpus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 44. cJ, 9.
longicorpus occidentalis Walley, Mont., Colo., B. C, Wash., Calif.
Scambus (Scambus) longicorpus occidentalis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 46. tj, 9.
nigrifrons (Viereck). P. E. I., N. S., N. B., Mass., Mich. Host: Orgyia sp, 0. leucostignia (J. E.
S.).
Pimpla (Epiurus) nigrifrons Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 211. 6,9.
protentus Walley. Colo., B. C, Wash. Ecology: The holotype emerged from cones of Picea
sitchensis. Host: Laspeyresia sp.
Scambus (Scambus) protentus Walley, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 40. tJ, 9.
Scambiis (Scambus) portentus (!) Walkley, 1967. hi Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 63.
sagax Hartig. Europe. Introduced in Ontario in 1956 and 1958, apparently without becoming
established. Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Petrova resinella (L.). The target
species for the introductions in Ontario was R. buoliana.
Scambus sagax Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 267. 6,9.
Pimpla linearis Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins. v. 1, p. 117. 6, 9.
Pimpla atrocoxata Pfeffer, 1913. Ver. f. Vaterland. Naturk. in Wuerttemb., Jahresh. 69:
343. 9.
ferrugineus Cushman. Southern Fla.; Puerto Rico, Cuba. Host: Hypsipyla grandella (ZelL),
Peetinophora gossypiella (Sdrs.). The specimens upon which these host records are
based are from Puerto Rico.
Calliephialtes femigineus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
88: 362. 9.
grapholithae (Cresson). Mass., s. to Fla., w. to Mich, and Texas. Host: Acrobasis hebescella
Hulst, A.juglandis (LeB.), A. nibrifasciella Pack., Carmenia texana (Hy. Ed.)?,
Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), Meskea dyspteraria Grt., Stagmatophora ceanothiella Cos.,
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Megalopyge opercularis (J. E. S.).
Pimpla grapholithae Cresson, 1890. In Hamilton, Ent. News 1: 50. d, 9.
Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 446. 9.
Biology: Hamilton, 1890. Ent. News 1: 49 —Nickels, Pierce, and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 12-14.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 248, 249, 252.
notandus (Cresson). Southern Que., s. to Fla., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host: Epiblema
desertayium (Zell.), E. scudderianum (Clem.), E. stremianum (Wlk.), "Gelechia" sp.,
Gnorimoschema baccharisella Bsk., G. gallaeasteriella (Kell.), G. gallaesolidaginis
(Riley), Walshia "amorphella" Clem.
Pimpla 7iota7ida Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 148. (5,9.
Pimpla decumbens Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
102. 6, 9.
macra (Cresson). N. Y., Colo., Oreg., Calif. Host: Passaloecus sp. The host record given by
Townes and Townes as 'W. brevicomis" is a mistake for Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC,
the pupal cells of which harbored the true host, Passaloecus sp.
Ephialtes macer Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 35. 9.
spatulata Townes. Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.; Europe. Host: Euodynenis sp.,
Ancistrocerus lineative7itris Cameron.
Pimpla spatulata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
106. 6, 9.
Neoephialtes Constantineanu and Pisica, 1970. An. Stiintifice Universitatii "Al. I. Cuza"
din lasi, sect. II (Stiinte Nat.) a. Biol. Mong. 2: 18.
Biology: Whitaker, 1907. Calif. State Comm. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 2: 231-235.
coracinus (Townes), N. Y., N. J., Md., N. C, Tex.
Apistephialtes coracinus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 99. d, 9.
dentatus (Townes). Colo., Alta., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Enoclenis sphegics (F.), Thanasimus
nigriventris (LeC).
Apistephialtes dentatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):97. (J, 9.
Biology: Allen, Holloway, and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 561: 48.
masoni (Townes). Ont., Man., N. W. T., Alta., Alaska, Yukon.
Apistephialtes masoni Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 93. 9.
Anastelgis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 109.
Type-species: Anastelgis terminalis Townes. Orig. desig.
terminalis Townes. Wash., Calif.
Anastelgis terminalis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 110. 6, 9.
Closterocerus Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber., 1846-1847, p. 18. Preocc. by
Westwood, 1833.
Type-species: Closterocerus sericeus Hartig. Monotypic.
Dolichomitus Smith, 1877. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 411.
Type-species: Dolichomitus longicauda Smith. Monotypic.
Mesoephialtes Schmiedeknecht, 1906. Opusc. Ichn., v.3, p. 1014.
Type-species: Mesoephialtes coracinus Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic. The
type-species is regarded as a subspecies of Dolichomitus zonatus (Cresson).
Diclosterocerus Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 83: 45. New name for Closterocerus
Hartig.
Ichneumon subg. Exeristoidea Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 202.
Type-species: Ichneumon {Exeristoidea) watsoni Viereck. Orig. desig.
Tuberculephialtes Ozols, 1962. Latvijas Ent. 6: 19.
Type-species: Ichneumon tuberculatus Geoffroy. Orig. desig.
Members of this genus parasitize woodborers, usually Coleoptera. Ideally, the name Ephialtes
would apply to this genus (see introductory discussion of the family).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 329
aciculatus (Hellen). Que., Yukon, B. C; Europe. Host: Tetropium gabrieli Weise. This is a
European host record.
Ephialtes acicidaUis Hellen, 1915. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta 40: 25. ?.
Ephialtes nodosus Gyorfi, 1941. Erdeszetl Kiserletek 43: 237, 247. "d"
= 9.
Morphology: Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1951. Polski Pismo Ent. 21: 43-46, 57-58.
buccatus Townes. Colo., B. C, Oreg.
Dolichomitus buccatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 141. 9.
californicus Townes. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Idaho, Utah, B. C. s. to Calif. Host: Oeme costata
LeC, Seynanotus ligneus (F.).
Dolichomitus californicus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 146. d, 9.
Biology: Chittenden, 1893. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 257. — MacAndrews, 1933. Ent.
Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 63: 50.
Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735, 737.
messor perlongus (Cresson). N. B. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Buprestis confluenta
Say, Saperda calcarata Say, Saperda inomata Say., Xylocrius agassizi (LeC). D.
messor messor Gravenhorst is European.
Ephialtes perlongus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. 6.
Ephialtes gigas Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 110. 9.
Dolichomitus messor sparsus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 132, 133. 6, 9. N. syn.
330 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
populneus (Ratzeburg). Ont., Sask., Colo., Wash.; Europe. Host: Saperda populnea (L.). This
host is recorded from Europe, but one North American specimen has been reared from
an unknown borer in Populus sp.
Ephialtes populneus Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 100. 6,9.
Ephialtes abbreviatus Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 740. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 166.
pygmaeus (Walsh). N. H. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Plectrura spinicauda Mann.
Ephialtes pygmaeus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 111. 9.
sericeus (Hartig). N. B., Que., Ont., Alaska, Yukon, B. C; Europe. Host: Tetropium
cinnamopterum Kby.
C losterocerus sericeus Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber. 1846-1847, p. 18. 6.
taeniatus Townes. Ariz., Calif. Host: Chrysobothris edwardsii Horn.
Dolichomitus taeniatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 118. (J, 9.
terebrans nubilipennis (Viereck). N. S. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Pissodes dubius
Rand., P. engelmanni Hopk., P.fasciatus LeC, P.fraseri Hopk., P. rotundatus LeC. D.
terebrans terebrans (Ratzeburg) occurs in Europe.
Exeristes nubilipennis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. 9.
Exeristes hyalinipennis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. 9.
According to Momoi (1965), members of this genus are usually gregarious parasites of
Lepidoptera which spin cocoons.
inquisitor (Scopoli). Europe. Introduced in Ont. in 1955 for control of the native Ckoristoneura
Jumiferana (Clem.). Only a small number of individuals (38) were released, which would
seem to have precluded establishment.
Ichneumon inquisitor Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Cam., p. 286. 9 .
coelebs (Walsh). N. B. s. Minn, and Tex. Host: Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. S.),
to Fla., w. to
Orgyia sp., Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. disstria Hbn., "Olene" sp., Metallus
rohweri MacG.
Ichneumon inquisitor Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 71. 9.
Preocc. by Scopoli, 1763.
Pimpla coelebs Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 141. 6.
Pimpla inquisitoriella Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 435. N. name for /. inquisitor
Say.
Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. BuL 7: 16. —Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 5: 8-17, 23, 31, 54. —Howard, 1898. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Kept. 28:
88. —
Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 198-200. —
Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 28: 33. —Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 143.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-246. —Pratt, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735.
stercorator orgyiae (Ashmead). N. S. s. to Md., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: C horistoneura
rosaceana (Harr.), Ctenucha virginica (Charp.), Halisidota sp., Orgyia sp., 0.
leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0. vetusta (Bdv.), Malacosoma sp., M. disstria Hbn., Simyra
henrici (Grt.). Iseropus stercorator stercorator (Fabricius) occurs in Europe.
Pimpla orgyiae RUey, 1891. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 462.
Nomen nudum.
(!) orgyiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 213. 9.
Ictoplectis
Pimpla (Epiurus) bninneifrons Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 291. d, 9.
Iseropus bninneifrons septentrionalis Cushman, 1940. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42: 56. S, 9.
Biology: Patch, 1921. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 302: 318. (as coelebs, misdet.).
Pimpla albipes Brischke, 1891. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. s.) 7 (4): 63. 6. Synonymy
uncertain.
Pimpla defensator Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 267. 9.
Pimpla defensatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Pimpla landerensis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 243. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 333
Biology: Nielsen, 1923. Ent. Meddel. 14: 194-195. -Shaw, 1930. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 38: 465.
rufopectus (Cresson). Maine s. to Fla., w. to Iowa and Tex. Host: Argiope aurantia (Lucas), A.
trifasciata (Forsk.), Epeira sp. Townes (1960) treated rufopectus as a subspecies of
ovivora, but the geographical range of ovivora extends throughout most of that of
rufopectus. Morphological and biological differences discussed by Townes also indicate
that these two taxa should be treated as separate species.
Pimpla rufopectus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 148. 9.
Members of this genus parasitize spider egg cocoons and adults, sometimes simultaneously.
The systematic position of Clistopyga within the Pimplinae has been unsettled. Meager
evidence seems to indicate that Clistopyga spp. are parasitic upon egg sacs of species of spiders
which place their egg sacs in crevices. Townes (1960) seems to have given special emphasis to
this fact in removing Clistopyga from the Polysphinctini and placing it, along with Tromatobia
and Zaglyptus, marginally within the Pimplini.
Biology: Nielsen, 1928-1937. Ent. Meddel. 14: 137-205 (1923); 16: 152-155 (1928), 366-368
(1929); 19: 192-215 (1935); 20: 25-28 (1937).
Laufeia Tosquinet, 1903. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 10: 381. Preocc. by Simon, 1889.
Type-species: Laufeia mira Tosquinet. Monotypic.
Dreisbachia Townes, 1962. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 64 (1): 38. N. name for La M_/eia Tosquinet.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 335
navajo (Townes). Ariz.; Honduras. Ecology: Found along streams at an elevation of 5000 ft. in
Arizona a spider of the genus Pisaurina was common along these streams.
;
Laufeia navajo Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
223. 6, 9.
slossonae (Davis). N. B.s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.
Polysphincta slosso7iae Davis, 1895. hi Slosson, Ent. News 6: 317. Nomen nudum.
Polysplimcta slosso7iae Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. 9.
Barypus Haliday, 1837. In Curtis, Guide Arrangement Brit. Ins., ed. 2, p. 94. Nomen
nudum.
Acrodactyla Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 117.
Type-species: Pimpla {Acrodactyla) degener Haliday. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Symphylus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 105. Preocc. by Dallas,
1851.
Type-species: Symphylus hadrodactylus Foerster. Orig. desig.
Polemophthorus Schulz, 1911. Zool. Ann. (Wuerzburg). 4: 22. N. name for Symphylus
Foerster.
degener (Haliday). Maine s. to N. Alaska and Calif.; Europe. Host: Lepthyphantes
C, w. to
obsciirus (Blackwall), L. zebrinus (Menge), Microneta viaria (Blackwall), Pityohyphantes
phrygianus (C. L. K.). These hosts were recorded in Europe.
Pimpla (Acrodactyla) degener Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 117. d, 9.
Acrodactyla degenera Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 103. Emend.
Taxonomy: Sedivy, 1972. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 73-79.
Eruga Townes, In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 238.
1960.
Type-species: Eruga lineata Townes. Orig. desig.
atrata Townes. Oreg., Ariz.; Mexico.
Eniga atrata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 238.
6, 9.
lineata Townes. Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.
Eruga lineata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 239.
6, 9.
rufa Townes. Md., S. C, Mo. Host: Frontinella communis Hentz.
Eruga rufa Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 240. 3,
9.
uncertain identity since being originally described from Florida. A female from Florida
in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection agrees with the original description except in having
the head ferruginous instead of black. A paratype of eboripes Townes from Kansas
approaches the Florida specimen in coloration and agrees very well structurally. I doubt
that eboripes deserves subspecific distinction, and, therefore, it is synonymized below.
Polysphincta eboripes Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 254. 6,9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 169. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
437.
Acrotaphus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 256.
Type-species: Epimecis wiltii Cresson. Orig. desig.
wiltii (Cresson). Maine s. to Fla., w. to Man. and Tex. Host: Neoscona arabesca (Walck.).
Epimecis Wiltii Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. 9 .
foliacea (Hentz).
Polysphincta anomala Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4)
3: 34. 9.
crassipes Townes. S. C.
Zatypota crassipes Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
278. 9.
exilis Townes. Que., N. H.
Zatypota exilis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
269. 9.
favosa Townes. Calif.
Zatypota favosa Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
269. 9.
Polysphincta nigrita Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 144. 6 Uncertain syn. .
Clistopyga nigrocephala Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 369. 6.
percontatoria (Mueller). Que. and Ont. s. and Ohio, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Europe.
to N. Y.
Host: Araneus cucurbitinus Clerck, Meta segmentata Clerck, Theridium denticulatum
Walck., T. varians Hahn. These hosts are recorded from Europe.
Ichneumon percontatorius Mueller, 1776. Zool. Danicae Prodromus, p. 154. 9. The
neotype designated by Aubert (1969) violates every provision in the Code regarding
neotype selection and is therefore invalid. Aubert (1972) contended that usage of the
name percontatoria by Townes (1960) and Oehlke (1967) violates the principle of first
revisor. However, Townes (1960) stated that he applied the name according to the
interpretation of Gravenhorst (1829), and certainly there is no logical basis for regarding
Schmiedeknecht (1907) as first revisor as did Aubert (1972).
Polysphincta gracilis Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 32. 6, 9.
Polysphincta scntellaris Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 33. 6.
Polysphincta pidchrator Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 757. S. The female lectotype
selected by Aubert is invalid, and therefore this synonymy remains uncertain.
Polysphincta theridii Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 292. 6.
Polysphincta granulosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 369. 9.
Lycorinopsis decorata Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.) 1: 110. 9.
Lycorinopsis rhombifer Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.). 1: 110. 9.
Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 120-122. —Schmiedeknecht, 1907.
Opusc. Ichn., V. 3, p. 1172. —Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 276. —Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 77. —Aubert,
1972. Ent. Scand. 3: 10.
Tribe ECHTHROMORPHINI
In addition to the three nearly worldwide genera which occur in North America, this tribe in-
cludes five others, the largest and best known of these being Xanthopimpla, of the Old- and
New-World tropics, and Echthromorpha, which is chiefly Indo-Australian. Species of
Echthromorphini are usually internal parasites of pupae of Lepidoptera, but species of Itoplectis
and, to a lesser extent, Coccygomimus sometimes parasitize Symphyta or Ichneumonoidea
which spin cocoons in leaf litter or exposed situations.
Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 327-362 (Nearctic spp.). —Townes, 1940.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 283-323 (eastern Nearctic spp.). —Perkins, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc,
London, Trans. 91: 637-659 (British spp.).
Biology: Townes, 1939. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29-30 (protective odors).
Morphology: Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 285-287. (tarsal claws).
—
Obrtel, 1960.
Brno Moravske Mus. Casopis, Vedy Prirodni 45: 195-202 (male genitalia and postgenital
sclerites).
Gravenhorst, 1829.
Pimpla walshii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 454. N. name for P. pictipes Walsh.
Pimpla conquisitrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Ephialtes (Itoplectis) temnopleuris Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 350. 9 .
(1962); 95: 1078-1091 (1963); 97: 1000-1001 (1965); 98: 213-223 (1966); 104: 1251-1258 (1972).
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 452. —Pratt, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 731.
curticauda brevacus Townes. Que., Maine, Ont., Vt., N. Y., Mich., Mont. /. curticauda
ctirticauda (Kriechbaumer) occurs in Europe.
Itoplectis brevacus Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
33: 315. 9.
evetriae Viereck. N. B. s. to n. Ga., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Barbara sp., B. colfaxiana
siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.), B. mappana Free., Zeiraphera sp.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 341
279; 9: 362. 6.
Pimpla vincta Snellen van VoUenhoven, 1873. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 16: 212. 9 .
Biology: Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bol. 4: 151-153. —Hardy, 1938.
Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 356.
Pimpla componotus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 367. 6.
Apechthis pacificus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 353. <S 9. N. syn. Preocc. in ,
subspecies of annulicornis.
Ontario (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host:
Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.), C. fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Free., Lambdina
fiscellaria (Gn.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.).
Pimpla Ontario Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. S.
Biology: Ryan, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 205-208. —Ryan and Medley, 1972. Ent. Soc.
Coccygomimus Saussure, 1890. In Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, v. 20, Hym. 1, pi. 14, fig.
12.
Revision: Porter, 1970. Studia Ent. 13: 1-192. (S. Amer. spp.).
Meniscus Ashmeadii Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 430. 9.
Pimpla conquisitor var. mfiiscula Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. 9.
Pimpla bilineata Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 98. 9 Syn.? .
Taxonomy: Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 28.
hesperus Townes. S. Dak.to N. Mex., w. to Alaska, Oreg. and Calif. Host: Rhyacionia
frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.), Anarsia lineatella Zell., Udea rubigalis (Gn.), Lambdina
fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst).
Coccygomimus hespenis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216
(pt. 2):338. 3,9.
instig^ator (Fabricius). Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced in 1906, 1907,and 1909 in New England
without becoming established. Host: Lymantria dispar (L.). Many other European hosts
are known, but L. dispar was the target host for attempts to establish instigator in
New England.
Ichneumon instigator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System, v. 2, p. 164. 9.
Pimpla processionae Ratzeburg, 1849. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 10: 133. 3.
Pimpla intermedia Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3 (10): 19. 3,
9.
Pimpla Aegyptica Schmiedeknecht, 1897. Illus. Wochenschr. f. Ent. 2: 633. d, 9.
Pimpla instigatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Apechthis jlavipes Matsumura, 1912. Thousand Ins. Jap., Sup. 4, p. 144. 9.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1933. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 65: 65.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 345
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 237. Schevy, 1912. —
Messager Ent. 1: 4. -Picard, 1921. [Paris] Acad, des Sci., Compt. Rend. 172: 1617-1619.
—Faure, 1926. Contrib. Etud. ... Pieride du Chou et ses Pars. Hym., p. 77-86. Lepiney,
—
1927. Ann. des Epiphyt. 13: 164. —
Seyrig, 1932. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 101: 114. Cals —
and Shaumar, 1965. Ann. des Sci. Nat. Zool. et Biol. Anim. 7: 768.
marginellus (BruUe). Southern Fla.; Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.
Pimpla marginella Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 107. 9.
maurus (Cresson). Ohio, N. C, Ga., Fla., Tex. Host: Hemerocampa leucostigma (J. E. S.).,
Orgyia sp.
Pimpla maiira Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. 9.
nudus (Townes). N. S. s. to Va., w. to Minn, and Ind. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Neodiprion sp.
Pimpla nuda Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 306. 9.
pedalis (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Va., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Archips
argyrospihis (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia mariana (Fern.), sciaphila duplex (Walsh), Lambdina
fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.), L. somniaria (Hulst), Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.),
Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. califomicum fragile (Stretch), M. disstria Hbn.,
Dasychira plagiata (Wlk.), Leucoma salicis (L.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Nygmia
phaeorrhea (Don.), Orgyia antiqua badia Hy. Edw., 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.),
Heterocampa gutivitta (Wlk.), Acronicta sp., A. americana (Harr.), Ctenucha virginica
(Charp.), Leucania linita Gn., Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Halisidota caryae (Harr.),
H. maculata (Harr.), Isia isabella (J. E. S.), Epargyreus clarus (Cramer), Neophasia
menapia (F. and F.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion sp.
Pimpla pedalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 268. 6.
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 137-138, 144, 147-149,
237-239. -Schedl, 1931. Ztschr. f. Agnew. Ent. 18: 268-270. —
Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent.
92: 925. -Campbell, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 337.
punicipes (Cresson). Tex.; Mexico s. to Peru; Hawaii. Host: Platynota sp., Pectinopkora
gossypiella (Sdrs.). Neither of these hosts was recorded in N. Amer.
Pimpla punicipes Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 398. 9.
Pimpla feralis Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 399. 6.
Pimpla Hawaiiensis Cameron, 1887. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. (3) 10:
239. 6.
Pimpla puniceipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 446. Emend.
sanguinipes erythropus (Viereck). Idaho s. to N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host:
Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Tholeria reversalis (Gn.), Zophodia convolutella (Hbn.),
Coryphista meadi (Pack.), Encaterva variaria Grt., Prochoerodea forficaria catenulata
Grt., Malacosoma sp., M. califomicum fragile (Stretch), M. incumjum inctirvum (Hy.
Eds.), Hemileuca sp., Diacrisia virginica (F.), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., 0. vetusta
(Bdv.).
Pimpla (Pimpla) erythropus Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 291. 9.
Biology: Pack, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 216: 10-11.
sanguinipes sanguinipes (Cresson). Tex.; Mexico s. to Peru. Host: Alabama argillacea (Hbn.).
Pimpla sanguinipes Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 165. 9 .
Ephialtes (Ephialtes) sanguineipes (!) Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 335.
silvicola (Walley). B. C, Wash., Oreg.
Pimpla silvicola Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 164. 6,9.
sodalis longigenalis (Cushman). Colo., Calif. Ecology: Occurs in drier grass or sedge covered
parts of high mountain meadows but is apparently not found in wet meadows.
Ephialtes (Ephialtes) longigenalis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 52: 332. 9.
sodalis sodalis (Ruthe). Northern Man., N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska; Greenland; Iceland; Europe.
Pimpla sodalis Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 371. 6,9.
Pimpla Nordenskioldii Holmgren, 1872. Svenska. Vetensk.-Adad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.
29 (6): 97. 9.
Pimpla longiceps Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 746. 6,9.
346 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
turionellae turionellae (Linnaeus). Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced in 1950, 1955 in N. S.; 1952
in Que.; 1935- 1937, 1950-1954, 1956, 1958 in Ont.; 1906-1909 in New England (probably
Mass.), 1935-1938 in Conn., N. Y., N. J.; 1937 in Minn, and Ida.; establishment has
apparently not occurred, although a few recoveries have been reported in Ontario. Host:
Rkyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.),
Operophtera brumata (L.). Many other hosts are known, but these are the introduced
pests which were target hosts for introductions of turionellae in North America; a
number of native pests were target hosts for some of the introductions, however. C.
turionellae moraguesi (Schmiedeknecht) occurs in northern Africa (Pimpla freyi Hellen
is probably a synonym of t. moraguesi).
Ichneumon turionellae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 564. 9 (6 misdet.).
Ichneumon variegatus Schrank, 1785. Neues Mag. Liebhaber Ent. 2: 327. 9.
Cryptus examinator Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, v. 2, p. 85. 9 .
Ichneumon cingulator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
275; 9: 348. 9 .
Ichneumon turionator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
275; 9: 348. Emend.
Pimpla opacellata Desvignes, 1868. Ent. Monthly Mag. 4: 174. 9.
Pimpla examinatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Pimpla padellae Torka, 1918. Ent. Rundschau 35: 33. cj, 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 14. — Oehlke, 1967. In Ferriere and Vecht, Hym.
Cat., pt. 2, p. 32.
— Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 94-95.
Biology: Jackson, 1937. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 12: 81-91. Sylvestri, 1941. Lab. Ent.
—
Agr. [Portici], Bol. 5: 27-31.
—
BronskUl, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 655-688. —Arthur and
Wylie, 1959. Entomophaga 4: 297-301. —Harris, 1960. Canad. Jour. Zool. 38: 766.
varians Townes. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Laspeyresia pomonella
(L.).
Coccygomimus varians Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 333. 9 The male of the species was not identified with certainty.
.
Tribe THERONIINI
Townes (1969) included the genera Peritkotcs, Delomerista, and Pseudorhyssa in this tribe.
Because the placement of these genera the Theroniini was only provisional and because the
in
name Delomeristini (Hellen, 1915) has priority over the name Theroniini (Cushman and Rohwer,
1920), the aforementioned genera are here placed in the Delomeristini. The genera of Theroniini
occurring in North America are Theronia and Neotheronia, the latter being treated by Townes
(1969) as a subgenus of Theronia. Because the division between Neotheronia and Theronia is
not at all arbitrary, they are here treated as separate genera. The species of Neotheronia and
Theronia are usually primary or secondary parasites of the pupae of Lepidoptera.
Biology:
—
Weed and Fiske, 1900. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 26: 33. Fiske and
Thompson, 1909. Jour. Econ. Ent. 2: 455-457. —Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 137, 141, 142, 144, 147-149, 236-237, 304. —
Aldrich, 1912. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 5: 87-88. —
Evenden, 1924. Timberman 25 (May): 54. —
Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 33: 286, 293. —Cole, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., Intermountain Forest and
Range Expt. Sta. Res. Note 29: 1. —Campbell, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 337.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 251, 252.
hilaris hilaris (Say). Southern Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn, and Kans. Host: Halisidota caryae
(Harris), H. maculata (Harris), Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Symmerista canicosta
(Hbn.), Epargyreus clams (Cramer). T. (T.) hilaris laevigata (Tschek) is European and
T. (T.) hilaris nigra Uchida occurs in northern Asia.
Ichneumon hilaris Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 71. 6.
Pimpla melanocephala Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 99. 9.
Taxonomy: Gupta, 1965. Twelfth Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc, p. 834.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 251, 252.
—Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 731, 737.
Tribe DELOMERISTINI
The genera in this tribe may be related to those in the Theroniini, but the evidence is not con-
clusive. Neither is there conclusive evidence that the genera here placed in the Delomeristini are
related to each other.
348 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Horstmann, 1964. Fauna Mitt. Norddeutschl. 2: 193-197. —Thomas, 1964. Mich.
Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters; Papers 49: 199-201. —Horstmann, 1967. Zool. Anz. 178:
95-102.
mediator neomexicanus (Viereck). Western Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host:
Pemphredon confertim (Fox). P. (P.) mediator mediator (Fabricius) is European.
Pimpla neomexicana Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 88. 9 .
Hybomischos Baltazar, 1961. Natl. Inst. Sci. Tech., Manila, Monog. 7: 49.
Peritho^is subg.
Type-species: Perithous (Hybomischos) galbus Baltazar. Grig, desig.
septemcinctorius (Thunberg). Mich.; Europe. Adventive. Host: Pemphredon spp., Psen
(Mimumesa) dahlbomi (Wesm.), Psenulus fuscipennis (Dahl.). These hosts are recorded
in Europe. One female was recently found in a spider web in Ann Arbor, Mich, by
Torgerson (1972).
Ichneumon septemcinctorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg,
Mem. 8: 280; 9: 363. 9.
parasitize Lepidoptera.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 349
Revision: Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 362-367.
Morphology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 360-361. (larvae).
borealis Walkley. Que., Cole, N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.
Delomerista borealis Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 370. 9.
Delomerista gelida Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
366. 9.
Biology: Fumiss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49-51. —Griffiths, 1960. Canad. Ent.
92: 656.
Pimpla texana Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. 9. The holotype is recorded
from Texas, probably in error.
Pimpla laevifrous Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 750. d, 9.
Pimpla laevifrons (!) Schmiedeknecht, 1888. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System., Geog., u. Biol.
Tiere 3: 534.
Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 816. —Aubert, 1969. Ich. Ouest-Pal. et
Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 98-99. —Aubert, 1972. Ent. Scand. 3: 10.
2): 368. 9.
novita (Cresson). Que. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Macremphytns sp., Diprion similis
(Htg.), Acrobasis nibrifasciella Pack., Exartema olivaceanum Riley,
Eublemma
minima (Gn.), Mononychus vulpeculus {¥.). Hosts other than sawflies need verification.
Pimpla novita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. 9.
Pseudorhyssa stemata Merrill, 1915. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 41: 150. 9.
Rhyssa praealpina Gyorfi, 1946. Fragm. Faunist. Hung. 9: 33. 9.
Biology: Coutrier, 1949. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 54: 62-63.
— Spradbury, 1969. Bui. Ent.
Res. 59: 291-297.
Morphology: Spradbury, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Biol. 45: 21-23, 24-25. 26,
27.
Tribe DIACRITINI
This a very small tribe erected by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) to include only
is
Diacritus, a Holarctic genus including three species. A second monotypic Japanese genus was
added by Townes (1969).
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 162-165. —Gahan and Rohwer, 1918.
Canad. Ent. 50: 101. —Momoi, 1966. Kontyu 34: 3. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 528,
534, 552, 580.
Tribe NEOXORIDINI
The name Neoxoridini Clement (1938) has priority over the names Eugaltini Townes (1949) or
Poemeniini Townes (1951).
Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 444-451 (as part of Xoridini). —Clement,
1938. Festschr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 515-522 (western Palearctic spp.). —
Oehlke, 1966
(1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 881-892 (western Palearctic spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 15-20 (genera of world).
Ophiodes Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber. 1846-1847, p. 18. Preocc. by Wagler, 1830;
Guenee, 1841.
Type-species: Ophiodes montanus Hartig. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of P. hectica (Gravenhorst).
SuperfamUy ICHNEUMONOIDEA 351
Poemenia Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 130.
galls of Disholcaspis truckeensis (Ash.)and also from the galls of another cynipid from
which a "chrysid-Uke bee" also emerged. This species is closely related to Poemenia
notata Holmgren.
Poemenia pacifica Habeck and Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 385. 6,9.
thoracica (Cresson). Sask. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Osmia lingnaria propinqua
Cr.
Ephialtes thoracicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 377. 9.
Euxorides Vancouveriensis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p.
369. 9.
Ephialtes vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 249. 9.
female from Utah which shows a minor difference in the coloration of the hind tibia,
that difference not being found in the single male known to me from Oregon.
Tribe RHYSSINI
The North American members of this tribe are all parasites of Siricoidea.
Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. MUS., Proc. 57: 418-428.
p. 260.
Type-species: Cryptocentrum lineolatum Kirby. Monotypic.
Pararhyssa Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 109.
Type-species: Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus). Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
alaskensis Ashmead. Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to s. Alaska and Calif.
Rhyssa alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 199. 9 .
Rhyssa skinneri Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 87. 9 .
S. noctilio F., sp. This species is adventive in New Zealand, there parasitizing
Xeris
Sirex noctilio, which is adventive from Europe. Subsequently, R. lineolata was
introduced in Australia for control of S. noctilio.
Cryptocentnim lineolatum Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Swainson, and Kirby, Fauna Bor.
Amer., v. 4, p. 260. i.
Rhyssa albomaculata Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 318. 9.
Taxonomy: Morley, 1909. Entomologist 42: 133. — Morley, 1910. Entomologist 43: 243.
— Zondag and Nuttall, 1961. New Zeal. Ent. 2 (6): 40-44 (identity and origin of New
Zealand population).
Taxonomy: Kamath and Gupta, 1971. Oriental Ins. Monog. 2: 14 (key to subspecies).
— Spradbury and Radkowsky, 1974. Bui. Ent. Res. 64: 653-668 (geog. variation).
Biology: Franke, 1959. Photographie u. Forsch. 8: 1-9 (oviposition). Ozols, 1962. Latvijas —
Ent. 5: 29-40. —Klein, 1965. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 56: 224. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966.
Roy. Soc. New Zeal. (Zool.), Trans. 8: 31-38 (habits and life history). —Hocking, 1968.
Australian Ent. Soc, Jour. 7: 1-5. —Spradbury, 1970. Animal Behavior 18: 103-114 (host
finding).
ponderosae Townes. Calif. Host: Sirex areolatus (Cr.).
Rhyssa ponderosae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 401. 6, 9.
humida (Say). Maine s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and Miss. Host: Xiphidria abdominalis Say, X.
tibialis Say.
Biology: Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396: 359.
Biology: Heatwole, Davis, and Wenner, 1962. Ztschr. f. Tierpsychol. 19: 652-664.
— Heatwole,
Davis, and Wenner, 1964. Amer. Midland Nat. 71: 374-381. —Cameron, 1965.
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5: 22.
atrata (Fabricius). N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Wyo. and Tex. Host: Tremex columba (L.).
Ichneuvion atratus Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 436. 9.
Ichnetimon tenebrator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Megarhyssa atrata lineata Porter, 1957. Ent. News 68: 206. 9. N. syn.
Biology: Harris, 1842. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. —Walsh, 1867. Pract. Ent. 2:
118. -Walsh and Riley, 1868. Amer. Ent. 1: 77. —Harrington, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 82.
—Lintner, 1883. Cultivator and Country Gentleman 48: 561. —Harrington, 1883. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 13: 23-24. —Harrington, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 206-209. —Harrington,
1888. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 18: 25. —Lintner, 1897. Cultivator and Country
Gentleman —
62: 506. —
Fyles, 1916. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 54, 57. Macnamara,
1916. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 59.— Champlain, 1921. Ent. News 32: 241.
— Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17: 178.
— Klugh, 1932. Amer. Photog. 26: 158. — Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
396: 359. —Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. p. 406.
6,
— Fattig, 1949. Ent.
News 40: 69-71.
Megarhyssa greenei floridana Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 424. 9. N.
syn.
Biology: Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. 6, p. 406. —Townes, 1939.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29. -Fattig, 1949. Ent. News 40: 70-71.
Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 737.
macrurus icterosticta Michener. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz. Presumably, m. icterosticta
intergrades with the nominate subspecies in the Rocky Mountains, but intermediate
specimens are apparently unknown.
Megarhyssa lunator icterosticta Michener, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 130. 3,9.
macrurus macrurus (Linnaeus). Maine s. to Fla., w. to w. S. Dak. and w. Tex.; n. Mexico. Host:
Tremex columba (L.).
Ichneumon macrurus Linnaeus, 1771. Mantissa Plantarum, v. 2, p. 540. 9.
Ichneumon lunator Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 430. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 355
Ichneumon Georgicus Megerle, 1802. Appendix ad Cat. Ins., Quae Mense Novembris 1802
Vienne Austriae Auctionis Lege Vendita Fuere, p. 16. 9.
Thalessa/ histrio Kriechbaumer, 1890. Wien, Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 5: 487. 6. Preocc.
Megarhyssa by Ichneumon histrio Christ, 1791.
in
Biology: Harris, 1842. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. —Emmons, 1854. Nat. Hist.
N. Y. (pt. 5) V. 5, p. 194. —
D'Urban, 1865. Ent. Monthly Mag. 2: 71. —Riley, 1870. Amer.
Ent. —Fletcher, 1881. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 11: 67. —Harrington, 1882.
2: 96, 128.
Canad. Ent. —Harrington, 1883. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 13: 23-24.
14: 82. Gade, —
1884. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 103. —
Lintner, 1884. Cultivator and Country Gentleman
49: 331. —Riley, 1885. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 123. —Smith, 1885. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 7: 124. —Riley, 1886. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 1: 15. —Harrington, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19:
206-209. —Lintner, 1888. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., Rpt. 41: 35-42. —Harrington, 1888.
Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 18: 25-27. —Riley, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1:
168-179. —Lintner, 1889. N. Y. State Ent., Rpt. 4: 35-36. -Lintner, 1893. N. Y. State Mus.
Nat. Hist., Rpt. 45: 163-166. —Lintner, 1897. Cultivator and Country Gentleman 62: 506.
— Ashmead, 1900. N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27 (sup.): 572. —
Fyles, 1911. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 41: 80. —Douglas, 1912. State Ent. Ind., Ann. Rpt. 4: 105. —Baldwin,
1914. State Ent. Ind., Ann. Rpt. 6: 51. —Fyles, 1916. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 54,
57. —Fyles, 1917. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 47: 28. —Barlow, 1921. Ent. News, 32: 291.
— Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 32. —
McDaniel, 1933. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Spec Bui. 238: 37.-Woodbury, 1933. Ecol. Monog. 3: 191. -Abbott, 1934. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 42: 127-133. -Abbott, 1934. Psyche 41: 238-240. -Abbott, 1937. Ent. News 47:
263-264. — Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396: 359. —
Kelley, 1939.
Nature Mag. 32: 379-380. — Townes, 1939. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29. —
Fattig, 1949.
Ent. News 40: 69-71.
Morphology: Abbott, 1934. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 42: 127-133. —Abbott, 1934. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, Bui. 29: 39-41. -Abbott, 1935. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 30: 10-13. —Peck, 1937.
Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 237-240, 246, 247, 251.
Biology: Essig, 1926. Ins. of West. N. Amer., p. 795-796. —Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt.
Desert Region, v. 1, p. 406. -Madden, 1968. Nature [London] 218: 189-190. Nuttal, 1973. —
New Zeal. Ent. 5 (2): 112-117 (mating behavior).
Genus EPIRHYSSA Cresson
Subfamily LABENINAE
Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 194-207 (tribes and genera of world; as
Labiinae, =Labeninae).
Tribe LABENINI
This is a small tribe, including five genera, only one of which has Nearctic species.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 531-537.
grallator (Say). Mass. and Ont. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Colo., and s.e. Calif.; Mexico? Ecology:
s.e.
Has geen reared from insects infesting Pinus and Taxodium, but is more often reared
from borers in various angiosperms (trees, bushes, and vines). Host: Aneflomorpha sp.?
in Lycium belandieri, cerambycid in Baccharis halimifolia, Knulliana cincta (Drury),
Tribe GROTEINI
The members of this tribe are parasites of bees. Only one of the three genera is represented
by North American species.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 357
Revision: Townes and Townes, Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 538-541 (Nearctic
1960. U. S. Natl. spp.).
— Slobodchikoff, and Neotropic spp.).
1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 50-60 (Nearctic
anguina Cresson. Que. w. and w. Iowa, s. to n.w. S. C, n. Miss., and s. Tex. Host:
to Wis.
Ceratina calcarata Rbtsn., C. dupla Say, C. metallica H. S. S.
Grotea anguina Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 398. 6,9.
Biology: Slobodchikoff. 1967. Pan-Pacific Ent. 43: 161-168. —Daly, Stage, and Brown, 1967.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 1275-1277.
lokii Slobodchikoff. Colo., Ariz.; Mexico. This species was confused with anguina and
californica in the revision of Grotea by Townes and Townes (1960).
Grotea lokii Slobodchikoff, 1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 60. 6, 9.
Tribe BRACHYCYRTINI
Revision: Walkley, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 106: 315-329.
Brachycyrtus Kriechbaumer, 1880. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, Corresp. Bl. 34: 161.
This is a small genus of worldwide distribution. The hosts are pupae or prfepupae of
Chrysopidae.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 542-544 (Nearctic spp.).
ornatus Kriechbaumer. Pa., Md., Ohio, Mich., Ariz., s. B. C; Mexico; Eurasia. Host: Chrysopid.
Brachycyrtus omatus Kriechbaumer, 1880. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, Corresp.-Bl. 34:
163. 9.
Subfamily TRYPHONINAE
Species of this subfamily are external parasites of the larvae of sawflies or Lepidoptera. The
eggs of Tryphoninae are equipped with a holdfast which is often borne on a stalk or is derived
358 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
from coiling of the stalk; it serves to fasten the eggs within the puncture the female makes in
the skin of the host larva. According to Mason (1967), in species which parasitize sawflies, eclo-
sion from the egg does not occur until after the host has spun its cocoon.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 143-193 (genera of world).
Tribe PHYTODIETINI
Members of this tribe are parasitic on larvae of Lepidoptera. The stalk of the egg is long,
slender, and loosely coiled; in newly deposited eggs the stalk is elastic, but later becomes rigid so
that its coiling serves to hold it firmly in the skin of the host.
Townes (1969) preferred to group the numerous species of this tribe into two genera, each
with a number of subgenera. His use of more subgeneric than generic names seems to make the
classification of this tribe discordant with his classification of the rest of the subfamily.
This genus divided into four subgenera, two of which have North American species. The
is
North American species are currently being revised by Dr. C. C. Loan, and publication of his
revision may precede the appearance of this catalog.
Taxonomy: Krebs, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 548-549 (key to Nearctic spp.).
rufipes pulcherrimus (Cresson). Atlantic to Cont. Divide in Transit, and U. Aust. Zones. Host:
Loxostege rantalis (Gn.), L. sticticalis (L.), Ostrinia ohliteralis (Wlk.), Phlyctaenia
coronata tertialis (Gn.). P. (N.) nifipes nifipes Holmgren is European.
Mesoleptus pulcherrimus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 101. 6.
Phytodietus distinctus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 166. 9 .
Mesoleius telarius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 106. 9.
Ctenopelma pulchra Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 198. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 147.
cushmani Townes. B. C.
Netelia (Netelia) cushmani Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 206. 6.
delicata Townes. Que. s. to Ala., w. to Minn., Kans.
Netelia (Netelia) delicata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 212. S, 9.
densa Townes. N. Mex., Ariz.
Netelia (Netelia) densa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 204. d.
emorsa Townes. Fla.;Bermuda, W. Indies. This species may prove to be a syn. of subfusca
(Cresson), which was described from Cuba.
Netelia (Netelia) emorsa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 197. 6,9.
falcata Townes. Vt., N. Y., Pa.
Netelia (Netelia) falcata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 210. 6, 9.
362 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
designated nigricarpus as the type-species of Parabatus, which would have prevented sub-
sequent authors from applying these names to separate subgenera of Netelia, as did Townes for
more than 20 years (1939 to 1961). Apparently recognizing that it was no longer feasible to treat
some of the Thomson emendations of Foerster names as having been newly proposed for
separate taxa, Townes (1961) abandoned his earlier stance on the issue with the proposal of Bes-
sobates as a "new name for Parabatus as defined by Townes, 1939." Not only does it seem incor-
rect for Townes to have characterized his proposal of Bessobates in those terms, it is paradoxical
for him to have done so without a word calling attention to or explaining his designation of
Parabatus deceptor Morley as type-species instead of Ichneumon virgatus Geoffroy. Townes
(1969) attributes the name Bessobates to Townes, Townes, and Gupta, but the wording of the
proposal (yet alone the 1939 description) is clearly in the unadulterated style of the senior
author, and it seems inappropriate for him to place part of the blame for it upon the junior
authors.
Taxonomy: Enderlein, 1912. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 73: 106. — Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.
83: 110. —Bradley, 1919. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 3: 319-324. —Townes, 1969. Amer.
Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 154.
deceptor (Morley). N. S. s. to Pa., w. to Alaska, Calif. Host: Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), Polia
legitimata (Grt.).
Parabatus deceptor Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 129. 6.
Parabates cristatoides Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 46. cJ, 9.
Parabates crassus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 47. 9. Uncertain syn.
latungula (Thomson). Que. s. to Va., w. to Ont., 111.; Eurasia.
Parabatus latungula Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1196. S, 9.
longipalpus Townes. Que. s. to Ala., w. to Mich., III.
Parabatus smithi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 45. 9. Preocc. in Netelia
by Dalla Torre (1902).
Netelia (Parabatiis) longipalpus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 218. N. name for smithi
Cushman.
rogrersi Townes. N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., N. C.
Netelia (Parabatus) rogersi Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 219. 3,9.
sinus Townes. Md., Va., 111.; Guatemala.
Netelia (Parabatus) sinus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 220. 6.
uncata Townes. D. C, S. C.
Netelia (Parabatus) uncata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 218. cj, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 222. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 427-428.
Tribe OEDEMOPSINI
This is a small tribe with nine genera, seven of which are represented by species in the Nearc-
ticRegion. Most of the species are apparently parasitic upon larvae of Lepidoptera, but Eclytus
spp. parasitize sawfly larvae.
The names Thymarides (Thomson, 1883) and Eclytini (Townes, 1945) are junior synonyms of
Oedemopsini (Woldstedt, 1877).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1945. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 4: 41-53 (out of date generic
revision with keys for Neotropic species).
Thymaris americamis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 381. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 247. —Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc 56: 376-378. —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 159.
nasutus (Cresson). Pa. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Kans.; Mexico, Guatemala.
Mesoleptus? nasiitus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 103. 6,9. The variant
spelling "nastutus" appears on p. 103, but it is anonymously rejected in the errata (p.
398 [1869]).
Synchnoleter americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 196. 6.
Tribe TRYPHONINI
Nearly all members of this tribe are parasites of sawflies; Grypocentrus basalis Ruthe, a Eu-
ropean species, has been reared from an eriocraniid microlepidopteran. Most of
the genera are
Holarctic.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1949-1950 (1949). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42 (3 and 4): 321-396,
397-447 {Grypocentrus and Boethus excluded). —
Kasparyan, 1973. Akad. Nauk, SSSR,
Zool. Inst., Fauna SSSR, (n. s.) 106, Hym. v. 3, pt. 1, 320 pp.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1951. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 301-307.
recoveries have
albipes Ruthe. Europe. Introduced in insular Newfoundland in 1973, but no
been reported. Host: Fejiusa p^isilla (Lep.). The host listed was the target species for
the release in Newfoundland.
Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe, 1855. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 16: 56. d, 9.
barbatus Townes. Alta., Calif.
Grypoceyitnis barbatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
304. 6, 9.
crassidens Townes. Idaho, Colo.
Grypocentrus crassidens Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
304. 6, 9.
283.9.
Apimeles lusorius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24:
spatulatus Townes. Calif.
Grypocentrus spatulatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 53:
305. 6, 9.
truncatus Townes. N. Y.
Grypocentrus truncatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
305. S, 9.
Revision: Kasparyan, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 852-868; 519-528 in Ent. Rev. (Palearctic spp.).
368 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
pedalis (Cresson). N. S. s. to N. C, w. to N. W.
C, Calif.;T., B. U. S. S. R. Host: Cladius
difformis (Panzer), Croesus latitarstis Nort., Apareophora dyari (Benson).
Tryphon pedalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 273. 6.
Bassus Bouleti Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 32.9.
tibialis (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to N. W. T., B. C, CaUf.
Tryphon tibialis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 280. "6" = 9.
Tryphon annulipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 108. 9.
Prinopoda (!) media Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 158. 9.
varitarsus (Gravenhorst). Que. s. to Mass., w. to Alaska, Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Dolerus
sp. The
name "strobilator (Thunberg)" has been incorrectly used for this species; Ichneumon
strobilator Thunberg is an emendation and misidentification of Ichneumon strobilellae
Linnaeus.
Tryphon varitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea 2: 222. 6,9.
Polyblastus subtilis Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 900. 9.
Polyblastiis variitarsus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 320. Emend.
Erromenus annulipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 9 .
wahlbergi rubescens Townes. N. S. w. to Alaska, w. to Pa., Ala., Sask., Alta. P. (P.) wahlbergi
wahlbergi Holmgren is Eurasian.
Polyblastus (Polyblastus) wahlbergi rubescens Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 336. S, 9.
Polyblastus subg. Cophenchus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42: 338.
9.
frigida (Cresson). Mich., Man., N. W. T., s. to Colo., w. to Alaska, Oreg. Host: Nematus
oligospilus Foerster.
Bassus friffidus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. 9.
gagates Townes. Sask. w. to S. Dak., Colo., w. to Alaska, Wash.
Ctenochira gagates Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 359.
6, 9.
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Colo., Alta., Oreg.
gillettei (Davis).
Scopionis gillettei Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 258. 9
.
Scopiorus expansa Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 258. 6.
Polyblastus scopioroides Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 156. 9.
infans Townes. Man., Colo., Alaska.
Ctenochira infans Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 42: 366. 6,
9.
inflata Townes. N. Y.
Ctenochira injiata Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 363.
9.
melina Townes. Que., Sask.
Ent. Canada Hym., p. 108.
Polyblastus annuliconiis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune
"9" = 6. Preocc by Giraud, 1871.
Ctenochira melina Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 358.
N. name for annulicomis Provancher.
niveicola (Ashmead), revised status. Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to D. C, w. N. C, s. Alta., and n.
Calif. In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1949) treated niveicola as a
Taxonomy: Kasparyan, 1971. Zool. Zhur. 50: 1586-1589 (Russ., Eng. summ.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 373
bedardi (Provancher). N. S., N. B., Que., Ont., B. C. Host: Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), P.
dimmockii (Cr.).
Erroneimisd) Bedardi Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 266. 9.
Otlophonis innumerabilis \&r. feria Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans.
24: 276. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 46 (syn.).
innumerabilis (Davis). Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Otlophonis innumerabilis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24:
278. cJ, 9.
kaniacensis (Hall). Minn., Man., Mont., Wyo., Colo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg. Ecology:
On two separate occasions this species has been collected on Symphoricarpos bushes;
m
one instance the bushes were infested with sawfly larvae thought to be of the genus
Blennocampa. Because Blennocampa is not known in N. Amer., it may have been a
related genus in Blennocampinae.
Polyblastus kaniacensis Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 156. 9.
374 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1950 (1949). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 422. —Perkins, 1962.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11 (8): 419. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 105.
Revision: Kasparyan, 1971. Vses. Ent. Obsh., Trudy 54: 286-307 (Palearctic spp.).
There are five subgenera, three being strictly Palearctic (including Tryphon), one being
Holarctic (Symboethus), and one being strictly Nearctic (Noemon). Species of this genus are
chiefly parasitic upon sawflies of the subfamily Dolerinae.
Revision: Kasparyan, 1969. Ent. Obozr. 48: 639-662 and 899-918; 407-419 and 572-584 in Ent.
Rev. (Palearctic spp.).
Tribe EXENTERINI
The name Cteniscini Woldstedt (1877) is often used for this tribe, but Exenterini Foerster
(1868) seems to be favored as much by recent authors; because the latter name has the addi-
tional advantage of being oldest, it is used here.
Revision: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 227-240. — Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 307-459. (Old World spp.).
Exyston Schiodte, 1839. Mag. Zool., sect. 3, (ser. 2) 1 (pi. 6-9): 12.
According to Mason (1959) most of the species are found in grassy places. He presumed that
they are mainly parasitic upon "sod-feeding" Dolerinae, but the only North American species so
far reared (mactilosum [Provancher]) parasitizes Pristiphora spp. (Nematinae) on Salix and
Vaccinium.
Revision: Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1067-1115.
atnim Mason. B. C, Wash., Oreg.
Exyston (Anecphysis) ater Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1095. 6,9.
378 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Exyston {Anecphysis) austelli Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1078. 6,9.
boreotis Davis. N. Y., Mich., Sask., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Alta.
Exyston boreotis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 238. 6 .
Exyston nigro scutum Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. 6.
Exyston contracta Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 238. 6. Uncertain syn.; Mason
(1959) suggested that contracta might alternatively prove to be a senior synonym of
spinulosiim Mason.
Taxonomy: Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1082-1084, 1112-1113. — Townes, 1969. Amer.
Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 186.
Exyston (Anecphysis) califomicus Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1093.6,9.
chamaeleon Mason. Ont., N. W. T. w. to Yukon, s. to S. Dak., N. Mex. and Calif.
Exyston (Exyston) chamaeleon Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1099. 6,9.
clavatum (Cresson). N. S. w. to B. C, s. to Va., Ill, Kans., and Calif.
Cteniscus clavatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 284. 6.
Cteniscus abdominalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 264. 9.
Exyston abdominalis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 197. 6. Preocc. by above
synonym, abdominalis Cresson, 1865.
Rhimphalea erythrogaster Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey
Bui. 22:296. 9.
excelsum (Cresson). Wyo., Colo.
Cteniscus excelsus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. PhUa., Proc. 4: 262. 9.
flavens Davis. Mass., N. J., Ga., Tex.
Exyston flavens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. 9.
hadrum Mason. Mich., Minn., Sask., Colo., Alta.
Exyston (Anecphysis) hadros Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1080. 6,9.
humerale Davis. Newfoundland (insular) w. to Sask., s. to Minn., Kans., and Mont.
Exyston humeralis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. 6.
Exyston articulatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. 6.
Illinois Mason. Que., Ont, Mich., 111., Iowa.
Exystoyi (Exyston) illinois Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1103. cj, 9.
lophotum Mason. N. W. T., Sask., Alta., B. C, Wash., Calif.
Exyston (Anecphysis) lophotos Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1091. 6,9.
maculosum (Provancher). N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, III, Ariz., and Calif. Host: Pristiphora
bivattata (Nort.), P. citicta Newman, P. sycophanta Walsh.
= 6.
Mesoleptus maculosus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 114. "9"
Exyston (Anecphysis) tectiis Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1073. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 502 (syn.).
Exystoyi marginatum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 99. 9.
Anecphysis curvineura Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 234. 9.
Exyston nigreo Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 236. 6.
politum Davis. Mont., Wyo., Calif.
Exyston politus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 24: 240. 9.
reniforme Mason. Colo., Alta., B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Exyston (Anecphysis) reniformis Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1089. 6,9.
speciosum Davis. Alta. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif.
Exyston speciosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. 6.
spinulosum Mason. N. W. T. w. to Alaska, s. to Iowa, Kans., Wyo., and Wash.; Kamchatka.
Exyston (Anecphysis) spinulosus Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1086. 6,9.
variatum Provancher. N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, 111., and N. Dak. Ecology: Occurs at forest
edges and along woodland paths, but not in grasslands or meadows.
Exyston variatus Provancher, 1877. Nat Canad. 9: 15. 9.
SuperfamOy ICHNEUMONOIDEA 379
Exyston variatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 249. 9. Preocc. by Provancher, 1877.
Contrary to the discussion of Barron (1975), Provancher indicated this as being a
description of a new species. The variant spelling "vaiatus" also appears on p. 249.
Exystoti abdominalis var. rnfinus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. 9.
Revision: Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 21-63 (as Eudiabonis).
Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 314-316, 415-416. —Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 113. —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 11: 188-190. -Kerrich, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 125-126.
devius (Mason). Man., Colo., Alaska; Europe.
Eudiabonis devius Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 34. 9.
dorsalis Cresson. N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., 111., Colo., and Calif.
Cteniscus dorsalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 282. "6" = 9.
Cteniscus mediatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 282. d.
eximius (Mason). N. Y.
Eudiabonis exinmis Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 33. 9.
flavicircus (Mason). Ont., Ohio, S.C, Ind. Host: Pristiphora sp.
Eiidiabonis Jlavicircus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 27. 6 9. ,
leptonyx (Mason). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to Man., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.
Eiidiabonis leptonyx Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 37. 6, 9.
luminosus (Mason). N. Y.
Eudiabonis luminosus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 40. 9.
maculiventris maculiventris (Ashmead). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Mass. and
Colo.
Diaboms maculiventris Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 197. 6.
Diaboms ignipes Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 231. 9.
maculiventris sexmaculatus (Ashmead). N. W. T., N. Man., Alaska. More northwestern than
the nominate subspecies, m. sexmaculatus probably having decended from a
Palearctic-Beringian glacial refugium. A third subspecies, m. borioalpinus Kerrich,
occurs in Europe and is rather similar to m. sexmaculatus.
Diaboms sexmaculatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 6.
nigrocephalus (Davis). Conn., Md., Ga.
Diaboms nigrocephalus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 232. 9.
promediatus arizonicus (Mason). N. Mex., Ariz.
Eudiabonis promediatus arizonicus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 60. 9.
similis (Davis). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to N. H., Nebr., Colo., and Calif. The division of this
by Mason (1955) is rather unconvincing.
species into four subspecies
Diabonis similis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 231. 9 (d misdet.).
Diaborus iiebraskensis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 232. 6.
Diaborus citrifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 6.
Cteniscus vitticollis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. "6" = 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 468-488 (key to final-instar larvae). —Mason,
1967. Canad. Ent. 95: 375-384 (egg structure specializations).
abruptorius (Thunberg). Que., Ont.; Eurasia. Introduced. Host: Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), A^.
lecontei (Fitch), N. pratti banksianae Roh. Dowden (1960) stated that E. abruptorius is
known to be established in N. J., but no specimens of abruptorius from N. J. can be
found in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection; lacking evidence to the contrary, I assume
that the N. J. record for abruptorius is based upon incorrectly identified specimens.
Ichneumon abruptorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
279; 9: 360. d ( 9 misdet.).
Exenterus cingulatorius Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.). 1:
229. 9.
Exenterus coreensis Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 270. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 28 (larva).
Biology: Morris, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 525-534. —Salt, 1941. Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol.
Rev. 16: 256. —Wilkes, 1942. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. for 1941, p. 41-44. Guryanova, —
1972. Zool. Zhur. 51: 845-854 (Russ. with Ent. sum.).
adspersus Hartig. Eurasia. Introduced in N. B. in 1938 and possibly in mixture with other
Exenterus spp. at other Canadian localities between 1933 and 1939, apparently without
becoming established. The target host for introductions in Canada was Gilpinia
hercyniae (Htg.), but I find no record of adspersus having been reared from hercyniae
382 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
during the period in which hercyniae has been resurrected from snonymy with Gilpinia
polytoma (Htg.) (i.e. since 1939).
Exentenis adspersus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 271.
6, 9.
Exentenis lepidus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 231. 6.
Exeyiterua laricinnn Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1254. 9.
Exenterus oleaceus Uchida, 1931. Insecta Matsumurana 5: 146. 9.
Taxonomy: Beirne, 1941. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 7: 180-181 (final-instar larva). — Iwata, 1958;
1960. Acta Hym. 1: 69; 163 (egg and ovary).
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 375-376.
affinis Rohwer. Que., Maine, Ont. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion abietis (Harris).
Exentenis affinis Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 225. 9.
Biology: Scheidter, 1934. Ztschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 44: 369, 500-502. —Wilkes, 1924. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. for 1941, p. 41-44. —
McLeod, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 1313-1330.
canadensis Provancher. Que. to Fla., w. to Wis. and La. Host: Neodiprion abietis (Harris),
s.
A^. excitans Roh., A'^. lecontei (Fitch), N. pinetum (Nort.), N. swainei Midd., N.
virginiana Roh. For many years the name canadensis has been erroneously applied to
nigrifrons Rohwer (which see).
Exentenis Canadensis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 9. S, 9.
Exenterus diprion i Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 222. 9. Synonymy according
to Barron (1975).
Exenterus diprionis Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 4. Unjustified emend.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 489-490 (final-instar larva, as diprionis).
—Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 440.
Biology: Barclay, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31 (as diprioni). —Griffiths, 1969.
Canad. Ent. 101: 673-713.
confusus Kerrich. N. B., Que., Ont.; Eurasia. Introduced. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. This species was misidentified as Exentenis
claripennis Thomson in the revision by Cushman (1940).
Exentenis confusus Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 361. i, 9.
Biology: Swenk, 1911. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 24: 26-28.
nigrifrons Rohwer. N. S. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion abbotii (Leach), A^. abietis (Harris), A^. excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N.
nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., A^. rugifroyis Midd., N. sertifer
(Geoff.), A^. swainei Midd., A^. taedae linearis Ross. Preceding the work of Barron (1975)
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 383
on the Provancher types, authors (most importantly Cushman, 1940) have incorrectly
applied the name canade)isis Provancher to this species; Cushman (1940) based
his
usage upon the erroneous assertion that there had been a male holotype of canadensis,
and he applied the name according to the first-revisor principle because only a female
specimen had then been found in the Provancher collection under the name canadensis.
Exenterus nigrifrons Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 225. "9" = 6.
Exentenis flavissimus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 12. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Short, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 425 (final-instar larva, as canadensis).
— Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 26-28 (final-instar larva, as canade7isis). —Barron,
1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 440.
Biology: Barclay, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31 (as "canadensis Auct").
—
Bobb, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 925 (as caitadensis).
pini Cushman. Nebr., Mont., Neodiprion edidicolus Ross.
Colo., Idaho, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host:
Exenterus pini Cushman, 1940. U. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 13. 9.
S.
platypes Cushman. Que., N. C, Ont., Minn. Host: Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh.
Exentenis platypes Cushman, 1943. Canad. Ent. 75: 173. 9.
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 369-375. —Barclay, 1938. Ent.
Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31.
tsugae Cushman. Mont., B. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd., N.
sciitellatiis Roh.
Exenterus tsugae Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 13. 6, 9.
Biology: Fumiss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49.
vellicatus Cushman. Newfoundland (insular), N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.
Introduced. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Exenterus vellicatus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 7. 6, 9.
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 377 (as Exenterus sp.).
walleyi Cushman. N. B., Ont., Ind. Host: Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. nanuhis nanulus
Schedl, A^. sertifer (Geoff.).
Exenterus walleyi Cushman, 1943. Canad. Ent. 75: 171. 6,9.
Until recently the name Cteniscus was applied to this genus because Eridolius aurifhms
(Haliday) was incorrectly regarded as the type-species of Cteniscus (see discussion under
Cteniscus). Eridolius is Holarctic with many species of boreal distribution. Many of the species
occurring in the Nearctic Region are undescribed.
384 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1291 (generic limits, as Cteniscus). — Townes, 1969.
Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 191-192.
clypeatus (Cresson). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., Colo., and Oreg.
Cteniscus clypeatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. 9.
consors (Cresson). Que., N. H., Conn., Md., Ont, Tex., Nev.
Cte7iiscus consors Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. 9.
flavicoxae (Cresson). Mass., Del.
Cteniscus flavicoxae Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 283. 9.
pygmaeus (Holmgren). Transcont. in Arctic (s. part) and Huds. Zones; n. Europe.
Exentenis pygmaeus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Hand!, (n. f.) 1: 245.
9.
Microplectron alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 6.
Taxonomy: Mason, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 228 (syn.).
Tribe IDIOGRAMMATINI
This tribe includes Idiogramma and the fossil genus Urotryphon described by Townes (1973)
from Cretaceous amber (80 to 90 million years old) collected in the U. S. S. R.
Idiogramma Foerster, 1867. In Kirchner, Cat. Hym. Europae, p. 67. Nomen nudum. The
nomen nudum Idiogramma euryops Foerster also appears on p. 67.
Idiogramma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 163.
Type-species: Idiogramma euryops Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1868.
Macrochasmus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1279.
Type-species: Macrochasmus alysiinus Thomson. Monotypic.
Lysiognatha Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 276.
Type-species: Lysiognatha comstockii Ashmead. Monotypic.
Members of this Holarctic genus parasitize larvae of Xyela in the staminate cones of Pimis.
Oviposition occurs at about the time when the Xyela larval development is nearing completion,
which apparently just precedes the time the host pine sheds its pollen. The eggs of Idiogramma
hatch after the host has dropped to the ground and formed its earthen pupal cell.
Revision: Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 438-444. —Townes and Townes, 1951.
Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 308-313.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1940. Entomologist 73: 55. —Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44:
54 (generic syn.).
bridwelli (Cushman). Md., Va., Fla. Ecology: Associated with Pbms virginiana. Host: Xyela
sp.
Lysiognatha bridwelli Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 444. 6, 9.
comstockii (Ashmead). Ont., N. Y., Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Associated with Finns divaricata
and P. virginiana.
Lysiognatha comstockii Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 276. 6,9.
Lysiognatha sulcata Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 442. 6,9.
contortae Townes. Utah, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns contorta, P. mnricata,
and F. ponderosa.
Idiogramma contortae Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
310. 6, 9.
fraterna Townes. Utah, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns contorta and F.
ponderosa.
Idiogramma fratemns Townes, 1951. Ln Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
312. 6, 9.
longicauda (Cushman). Md., Va., Ga., Ala. Ecology: Associated with Fi^ius taeda and P.
virginiana. Host: Xyela sp.
Lysiognatha longicanda Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 443. 6,9.
titana Burdick. Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns conlteri.
Idiogramma titana Burdick, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 159. 6,9.
Subfamily EUCEROTINAE
Genus EUCEROS Gravenhorst
true host has killed the carrier host and emerged from it. When the true host is an internal lar-
Eiiceros frigid is Cres-
val-pupal parasite (a species of Anomaloninae being recorded as a host of
son) it would be necessary for the Euceros planidium to bore through the integument of the car-
rier host in order to reach the true host. There appear to be seven or eight larval instars; during
the first four stadia, the Euceros larvae are internal parasites, but during the last three or four
stadia they are external parasites.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 14. — Townes, 1969.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 193-194.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 34, 37 (final-instar larva). —Tripp, 1961. Canad.
Ent. 93: 41-43, 45-48, 49, 56, 57 (ovariole, egg, first-instar larva, final-instar larva).
— Varley, 1965 (1964). Ent. Monthly Mag. 100: 114, 115-116 (first-instar larva).
albomarginatus Cushman. N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ohio.
Sco7-pioms{l) albomarginatus Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen
nudum.
Euceros albomarginatus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 12. 9.
angulicornis Walley. B. C.
Euceros angulicornis Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 246. 6,9.
canadensis Cresson. Que., N. H., Vt., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich.
Euceros Canadensis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 103. 9.
digitalis Walley. Ont.
Ettceros digitalis Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 242. 6.
faciens Davis. Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Reared from a parasite of Neodiprion tsugae Midd.
Euceros faciens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 256. 6.
flavescens Cresson. Conn., W. Va.
Euceros flavescens Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. 6,9.
frigidus Cresson. Que., Maine, Ont., Man., B. C. Host: Casinaria semiothisae Wly.?, E7idasijs
subclavatus (Say), Lamachus sp., Olesicampe lophyri (Riley), sp. of Anomaloninae near
Therion, Tryphoninae.
Euceros frigidus Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. 9.
Biology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 34, 36. -Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 40-58.
medialis Cresson. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alta.
Euceros medialis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. 9.
neodiprioni Walley. Que., Md. Ecology: Reared from a parasite of Neodiprion sp.
Euceros neodiprioni Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 245. 6,9.
obesus Davis. N. Y., 111.
Euceros obesus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 255. 9.
sanguineus Davis. Colo.
Euceros sanguineus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 255. 6, 9.
thoracicus Cresson. Que., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Man. Ecology: Reared from
parasites of Caripeta divisata Wlk., Hydriomena divisaria (Wlk.), Semiothisa
"granitata" auct., Neodiprion sp., N. swainei Midd., N. sp. in virginiana complex, and
Pristiphora (Htg.).
Euceros Couperii Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 104. 6.
Euceros thoracicus Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. 6.
Euceros couperi Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 326. Emend.
Scorpiorus(l) flavopictus Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.
Euceros vierecki Hertzog, 1909. Ent. News 20: 245. "d" = 9.
Euceros decorus Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 244. 6,9.
Subfamily ADELOGNATHINAE
Genus ADELOGNATHUS Holmgren
Adeloffiiathus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 196.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 387
Taxonomy: Szepligeti, 1911. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 144, p. 50. —Perkins, 1943. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 93: 95-97. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et U.
a/., S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 209-210. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11:
2:
414, 439, 442, 455. -Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 207-208.
americanus Cushman. N. H. Ecology: The holotype was collected on the alpine region of Mt.
Washington, N. H.
Trachyporthus(l) americamis Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen
nudum.
Adelognathus americanus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 2. 9.
brevicomis Holmgren. Que., N. Y.; Europe.
Adelognathus brevicomis Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetesk.-Akad. Handl. (n. s.) 1:
197. 6, 9.
Adelognathus limbatus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1275. 9.
dorsalis (Gravenhorst). Que., Maine, N. H., Md., N. C, Ohio, Mich.; Europe.
Hemiteles dorsalis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 838. 3,9.
Hemiteles tener Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 333. "d" = 9.
Notomirisd) glabrosus Davis, 1896. hi Slosson, Ent. News 7: 264. Nomen nudum.
Notomeris glabrosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 242. 9.
Adelognathus deganti Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 14. 9.
flavopictus Davis. N. Y., W. Va., Mich., 111., Minn., s.w. B. C, Oreg. Host: "Nematus" sp. The
male syntype in the collection of the U. S. Natl. Museum, which bears Hopkins W. Va.
no. 3494, was reared by Hopkins (1893) from larvae of "Neynatus sp. a" collected in
Monongalia Co., W. Va. on "Yellow Locust" {=Gleditsia triacanthosf); it emerged on
May 30.
Adelognathus briviceps Ashmead, 1893. In Hopkins, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 32: 216.
Nomen nudum.
Adelognathus flavopictus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 242. d, 9.
pallipes (Gravenhorst). Que., N. H., N. Y., Md., D. C, N. C, Minn.; Europe. Host:
Macremphytus testaceus (Nort.), sawfly larvae.
Plectiscus pallipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 981. 9.
Adelognathus Ruthei Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 198.
6, 9.
Catalytus /xillipes (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 419. 6,9. Prtocc. in
Ashmead, 1890
Adelognathus by Gravenborst, 1829 and Holmgren, 1857.
Plectiscus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 24. Emend, of P. pallipes
Gravenhorst.
388 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Hemiteles pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 660. Emend, of C. pallipes
Ashmead; preocc. in Adelognathus by Dalla Torre, 1901, p. 24 and p. 31.
Adelognathus persimilis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 3. N. name for C.
pallipes Ashmead.
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 878-879 (syn.). — Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 144 (syn.).
Subfamily XORIDINAE
There are four genera, all of which have Nearctic species.
Platysoma Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 115. Preocc. by Leach, 1817; Lienard, 1832;
and Brandt, 1835.
Type-species: Platysoma tibialis Provancher. Monotypic.
Aplomerus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 119. N. name for
Platysoma Provancher.
Anodontomenis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 61, 163. Unnecessary n. name
for Aplomerus Provancher; Ashmead did not state his reason for proposing his n. name
for Aplomerus (on page 61 he erroneously indicated that he was describing a "new
genus"), and one can only suppose that he may have thought Aplomerus to be preocc.
by Aplomera Macquart, 1839.
Haplomerus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 392. Invalid name proposed in
synonymy.
This is a small Holarctic and Neotropic (one undescribed Mexican sp.) genus.
Revision: Townes (H.) and Townes (G.), 1960 In Townes (H.) and Townes (M.), U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 439-447.
arugosus Townes and G. Townes. Northwestern Wyo. Ecology: The unique holotype was
collected at an elevation of 6500 ft. in Shoshone Canyon, Wyo.
Aplomerus arugosus Townes (H.) and Townes (G.), 1960. In Townes (H.) and Townes (M.),
U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 446. 9.
buprestivorus Rohwer. Northwestern Ariz., s.w. Oreg., n.e. and s.w. Calif. Ecology: The
holotype and paratype were collected as cocooned pupae or prepupae in a buprestid
gallery in Cercocarpus parvifolius at Ashland, Oreg.
Aplomerus buprestivorus Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 453. 9.
lineatulus (Say). Que. s. to e. N. C, w. to Wis., Iowa, and n.e. Kans.
Anoynalon lineatulus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 244. 6.
Aplomerus foutsi Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 454. 9.
Aplomerus decorus Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 55. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 157 (syn.). —Townes, 1944.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 115 (syn.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 389
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 182 (syn. and correction of
misidentification of canadense).
cilipes Townes. Southeastern Ariz. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was
collected in the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz.
Odoniocolon cilipes Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 454. 9.
curtum Townes. Northwestern Calif. Ecology: Two of the paratypes emerged from "Laurel,"
presumably Umbellaria califoniica.
Odonfocolon curtum Townes, 1960 In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 470. d, 9.
depressum Townes. Colo. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was collected at an
elevation of 9400 ft. in Rocky Mt. Natl. Park, Colo.
Odontocolon depressum Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 459. 9 .
formicoides Townes. Northern Ariz. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was
collected in a stand of Populus, Picea, and Abies at an elevation of 9700 ft. on
Humphreys Peak, Ariz.
Odontocolon formicoides Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 458! 6.
mellipes (Say). Mass. w. to S. Dak., s. to e. and w. N. C, n.w. S. C, and n.e. Kans. Host:
Parandra (Neandra) brunnea (F.).
Anomalon mellipes Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 75. 9.
Odontomerus ei-rans Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 360. 9.
ochropus Townes. Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, e. Tenn., s. Minn., Ariz, and n. Idaho.
Ecology: Three paratypes from Falls Church, Va. emerged from pine infested with
Anoplodera rubrica (Say) and A. vagans (Oliv.); one paratype from Inglenook, Pa.
emerged from hemlock infested with A. rubrica and Metacmaeops vittatus (Swed.); one
paratype from D. C. was collected as an adult in its cocoon, which was extracted from
rotten beech wood.
Odontocolon ochropus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 482. 6,9.
Ecology: Notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the holotype was "emerging?
from [a] wood wasp? burrow in [a] dead grand fir," from which Leptura obliterata Hald.
also emerged (cf. Cushman, 1930); one specimen was extracted from Abies along with
"
two immature adults and a larva of a siricid {="Tremex") and is labeled (incorrectly?) as
being a parasite of "Tremex."
Odontomerns punctatus Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (3): 12. 9.
sierrae Townes. Eastern Calif.
Odontocolon sierrae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 471. 6,9.
There are ten subgenera, only two of which have Nearctic species.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 489-530 (subgenera of
world and Nearctic spp.).
humeralis (Say). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., s.e. Ariz., and s. Calif.;
Mexico. Host: Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) in Ilex opaca, Phymatodes testaceous (L.) in
red oak, Xylotrechus undulatus (Say)? in Abies lasiocarpa. The six "subspecies" of
Townes and Townes (1960) are too poorly defined and based upon too few specimens to
be worth recognizing.
Anomalon humerale Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 74. 9.
Xylonomus australis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 167. 9.
Xylonomns Lavallensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 59. 9.
Xylonomus (Moerophora) piceatus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 357. N. syn.
Xorides (Exomus) humeralis mexicanus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 497. 9. N. syn.
Xorides (Exoinus) humeralis sierrae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 500. 6, 9. N. syn.
Xorides (Exo^nus) humeralis excomptus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 500. 6, 9. N. syn.
Xorides (Exomus) humeralis chiricensis Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 501. 9. N. syn.
Rhadina Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 170. Preocc. by Billberg, 1828.
Type-species: Xylonomus ater Gravenborst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Scbmiedeknecbt, 1888.
Rhadhiopimpla Scbulz, 1906. Zool. Ann. 4: 23. N. name for Rhadina Foerster.
Xylonomimus Clement, 1938. Festscbr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 539.
Type-species: Xylonomus gracilicomis Gravenborst. Orig. desig.
Neoxylonomus Clement, 1838. Festscbr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 566. Preocc. by Szepligeti,
1914.
Type-species: Neoxylonomus strandi Clement. Monotypic.
Amphixylonomus Benoit, 1952. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 88: 136. Described as a
subgenus, but treated nomenclaturally as a genus.
Type-species: Amphixylonomus konduensis Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a large subgenus of Holarctic, Oriental, Australian? (one sp. described as being from
albopictus (Cresson). Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to central N. Dak., e. Nebr., and n.e. Tex. Ecology:
Parasite of Coleoptera which bore in hardwoods. Host: Saperda discoidea F., S.
tridentata Oliv., Scolytus multisfriatns (Mar.)?
Xyolonomus albopictus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 168. 9.
Xorides Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 248. 6 .
Xylonomus {Moerophora) duplicatus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 356. S.
atrox Townes. Southeastern B. C. Known only from the holotype.
Xorides (Xorides) atrox Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 520. 9 .
Xorides callid7is(l) Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 205.
californicus (Cresson). Colo., n. N. Mex., n. Ariz., w. Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n.
Calif. Host: Buprestis viridisuturalis N. and W. in Populus trichocarpa, Chalcophora
Xylonomus (Xylonomus) plesius Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 354. 9.
Xylonomus (Moerophora) yukonensis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 355. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 393
harringtoni Rohwer. Que., Vt., N. Y., Ont. Host: Dicerca divaricata (Say).
Xylo7iomus canadeyisis Harrington, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 133. 6,9. Preocc. in Xorides by
Provancher, 1875.
Xorides harringtoni Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 443. N. name for Xylonomus
canadensis Harrington.
insularis (Cresson). Que., Colo., s. N. Mex., s.w. Alta., n. Idaho, n. Utah., s. Ariz., Interior
Alaska, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif. Host: "Hylotrupes" sp. in Thuja plicata,
Semayiotiis amethystinus (LeC), S. liffyiens aynplus (Casey), Tetropium sp. in Larix
occidentalis, T. sp. in Picea, cerambycid in Abies, cerambycid in Pinus monticola,
Melanophila sp.?, M. drummondi (Kby.), buprestid in Pseudotsuga menziesii,
"Temnochila virescens [F.]" in redwood, "scolytid" in Pseudotsuga menziesii.
PoemeriaC) insularis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 380. 9.
maudae (Davis). Western Wash., w.
Oreg., n.w. Calif. Ecology: One specimen emerged from
Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Xylonomus maudae Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 32. 9.
tnedius Townes. Northern Idaho, n.w. Calif.
Xorides (Xorides) medius Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):511. d, 9.
neoclyti (Rohwer). Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Neoclytus caprea (Say), Semanotus ligneus
conformis (Casey), Chrysobothris femorata (Oliv.).
Moerophora neoclyti Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 223. S.
peniculus Townes. N. Y., N. J., Pa., e. S. C, e. Tex. Ecology: One paratype was extracted from
the wood of Celtis occidentalis, and another paratype and the holotype emerged from
the same host material.
Xorides (Xorides) peniculus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 506. <J, 9.
pictus Townes. Western Calif.
Xorides (Xorides) pictus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 505. 9 .
to n.w. S. C, Iowa, e. N. Dak., and central Alta. Host: Anoplodera proximo (Say),
Dryobms sexnotatus Linsley?
AcoeniUis stigmapterus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2 (App.), p.
325. 9.
Xylonomiis tartarus Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, p. 78. 9. According to
Townes (1961) the holotype is erroneously labeled "India," which is presumed to be an
error for Indiana.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 113, 175.
Subfamily CRYPTINAE
This is the largest of ichneumonid subfamilies. Townes (1970) recognized 307 genera which he
divided among three tribes, the Hemitelini (= Gelini), the Aptesini (=Echthrini), and the Cryp-
tini (= Mesostenini). Most Cryptinae are external parasites.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12, 537 pp. (genera of world).
Tribe HEMITELINI
This tribe includes most of the smaller Cryptinae. Many of the species oviposit into the egg
cocoons of spiders or cocoons of beneficial insects such as Chrysopidae, Braconidae, or other
Ichneumonidae. Species of a number of genera attack the puparia or larvae of cyclorrhaphous
Diptera.
SUBTRIBE CHIROTICINA
Most of the species of this subtribe occur in the tropics or subtropics. There are 18 genera, but
only the worldwide genus Chirotica has Nearctic species.
ryproctini. A similar correction also made by Perkins (1962), regarding the type-species of
Chirotica, resulted in Cliirutica being removed from synonymy with Gelis to take its present ap-
plication.
Members of this genus parasitize Psychidae.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 389, 413-414, 445. -Townes,
1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 21.
confederatae (Ashmead). Fla., Mo., La.; Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras. Host: Astala confederata
(Grt.), Cryptothelea mgrita (B. and M.).
Hemiteles alaefasciatus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
153. Nomen nudum.
Allocota confederatae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 208. 9.
conspicua (Cresson). N. C, Tex. Host: Psychid.
Hemiteles conspicuus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 161. 9.
SUBTRIBE ACROLYTINA
Some members of this subtribe commonly oviposit into the cocoons of Braconidae or other
Ichneumonidae. It is possible that some species may at least occasionally be primary parasites of
cocoon spinning Lepidoptera, but I am not aware of information establishing this as fact.
Encrates Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 180. Preocc. by Gistel, 1848.
Type-species: Hemiteles (Encrafis[!]y) sHbi7npressus Brischke. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Brischke, 1892. The type-species is considered to be a
synonym of Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg).
Encrateola Strand, 1916. Arch. f. Naturgesch. (Abt. A) 81 (5): 77. N. name for Encrates
Foerster.
laevigata longicornis (Provancher). Que., N. H., N. Y., Wash., Oreg. E. laevigata laevigata
(Ratzeburg) occurs in Europe.
Hemiteles longicornis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 361. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 34. —Barron, 1975. Nat Canad.
102: 498 (lectotype selection).
396 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Orthopelma bedelliae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 415. 6.
Hemiteles selmae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.
Nomen nudum.
Acrolyta aletiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 209. 9, cJ.
Sychnoporthusd) tuckeri Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 315. 9.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 15.
washingtonensis (Cushman). Maine, N. H., N. Y., Mich. Townes (1970) placed this species as a
of but I have examined the holotypes of both and doubt that he is
synonym alticola,
correct.
Stiboscopus washingtonensis Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen
nudum.
Hemiteles {Isdromas) washingtonensis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 14.
9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 40.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65-66.
maculithorax (Ashmead), n. comb. Fla.; Puerto Rico, Virgin Isls., Lesser Antilles. Host:
Apanteles sp. There is a specimen in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection which was reared
from an Apanteles cocoon in 1927 at Sanford, Fla. by W. E. Stone.
Hemiteles maculithorax Ashmead, 1895. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 65: 780. 6.
Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead, 1890. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 48: 267. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 55 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 116. —Townes, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 73: 445.
bicarinata (Riley), n. comb. 111. Mo., Kans., Colo. Host: Rogas sp.
,
Polijspliiyicta bicarinata Riley, 1871. Mo. State Ent, Ann. Rpt. 3: 71. 6.
Neopimpla abbottii Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 56. 9. N. syn.
Cyrtobasis rogae Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 115. 9.
(Provancher). Since 1961 the name Lysibia has been appHed to this genus, and I here suppress
Stiboscopus as a synonym of Lysibia because I have been urged not to suppress Lysibia.
Stiboscopus sensu Townes (1970) and Townes and Townes (1973) was a confused mixture of spe-
cies; the two Nearctic species, Hemiteles pinifoliae Cushman and Alegina laricellae Mason, be-
long in the subtribe Mastrina (i.e. where Townes had placed Stiboscopus) where I am placing
them provisionally in the genus Mastrus; the other three species belong in Indovia, which is
here placed in the subtribe Acrolytina.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 399
Taxonomy: Slosson, 1896. Ent. News 264 (the combination "Stiboscopus mandibularis
7:
Prov." was almost certainly provided by Ashmead rather than Davis and was the first
inclusion of a species in Stiboscopus). —
Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 193
(incorrect designation of Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead as type-species of Stiboscopus).
—Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 138 (oversight of first inclusion of species in
Stiboscopus as well as type-species designation by Viereck, 1911).
—
Townes, Townes, and
Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 123 (first inclusion of species in Lysibia).
-Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 436, 453. -Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: 76.
mandibularis (Provancher). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Apanteles glomeratus
Biology:Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 14 (asfulvipes, misdet.).
— Cushman, 1928. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 929 (as 7iana, misdet.).
SUBTRIBE HEMITELINA
Genus PLEUROGYRUS Townes
Pleurogyrus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 44.
Type-species: Hemiteles hungerfordi Cushman. Orig. desig.
Members of this genus parasitize Gyrinidae which attach their pupal cases to the stems of
aquatic plants a few inches above the water line.
According to Townes (1970) an undescribed species apparently belonging to this genus occurs
inthe northwestern U. S. The European 0. stenoptera has been reared from the egg nests of a
pseudoscorpion, Obisiu7}i sp.
Arotrephes Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 45.
Type-species: Cryptus p^ls^llus Cresson. Orig. desig.
mitralis (Provancher). Que.
Platylabus initralis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. S7. 9.
pusillus (Cresson). Mass., N. Y., Md., 111. Ecology: Occurs in marshy meadows.
Cryptus pusillus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 302.
Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 66: 344 (European spp.).
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv. for Zool. 10 (7): 6-7. —Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv. for Zool
17A (4): 14-15. — Jussila, 1965. Univ. Turku., Ann. (A, II) 34: 153.
karlukensis (Ashmead). Alaska.
Acrolyta karlukensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. 9.
Spinolia minuta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. 9. Preocc. in Aclastus by
Bridgman, 1886.
rufipes (Ashmead). Alaska.
Stiboscopus alaskeiisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 171. 9.
Acrolyta aciculata Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. 6.
Aclastus rufipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 187. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 401
canadensis (Harrington). B. C.
Cremnodes canadensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. 9.
Taxonomy: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 115.
erythropa Ashmead. Va.
Orthopelma erythropa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. 6.
grandis (Cushman). B. C.
Myersia grandis Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 110. 9.
koebelei (Cushman). Wash., Oreg.
Thaumatotypidea koebelei Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 112. 6.
niger (Viereck). B. C.
Myersia nigra Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 73. 6.
spinulatus (Strickland). Conn.
Thaumatotypus spinulatus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 116. 9.
tuberculatus (Ashmead). Mont, Alaska, Calif. Host: Spider egg cocoon.
Cremnodes tuberculatiis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. 9.
Cremnodes alaskensis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. 9.
Taxonomy: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 115.
SUBTRIBE GNYPETOMORPHINA
Genus ANUROTROPUS Cushman
Anurotropus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 4.
Type-species: Anurotropus minutus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
minutus Cushman. Conn., Ga., Mich., 111., Minn.
Anurotropus minutus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 64 (4): 5. 6, 9.
SUBTRIBE GELINA
Genus XENOLYTUS Foerster
bitinctus (Gmelin). Maine, Ont., B. C, Calif.; Eurasia, New Zealand, Australia, Africa. Ecology:
In England commonly found in warehouses, granaries, feedstores, and flour mills where
it was most frequently associated with Tinea pallescentella Stainton, Endrosis
sarcitrella (L.), and Hofniannophila pseudospretella (Stainton); a series was also reared
from a birds nest (Richards, 1949). Adventive.
Ichneumon bitinctus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, pt. 5, p. 2719. 9.
Ichneumon expidsor Thunberg, 1922; 1924. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
263; 9: 316. 9.
Cryptus apicalis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 574. 9.
Phygadenon liniatus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. PhDa., Proc. 30: 358. 9.
Hemiteles occidentalis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. 9.
Hemiteles destmctivus Cameron, 1898. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 42
(1):26. 9.
Bathymetis antipoda Ashmead, 1900. Ent. News 11: 624. 9.
Xenolytus nifipes Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 154. 9 .
Biology: Richards, 1949. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (Ser. B [Taxonomy]) 18:. 25-28
(speculation concerning hosts).
subspinosus (Provancher). Que., N. Y., Alta.
Hemiteles subspinosus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 333. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 1 (key to N. Amer. spp.).
bicolor (Cushman). Fla. Host: Nodita pavida (Hagen).
Chrysopoctonus bicolor Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 1. 6, 9.
chrysopae chrysopae (Ashmead). rev. status. Del., N. C, S. C, Fla., Miss. Host: Chrysopa
bimaculata McCL., C. cubana Hagen, C. oculata Say, C. rufilabris Burm., C. sanchezi
Navas.
Otacustes chrysopae Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. i.
Otacustes atriceps Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 244. 9 .
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 403
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 520. —Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S.
Revision: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 113-140 (of very limited use).
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 462. —Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 53-55.
type-species of Alegina.
AlginaC-) alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 188. 9. Preocc. in Gelis by
Ashmead, 1890.
Philonygusd) alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 189. 6. Preocc. in Gelis
by Ashmead, 1890 and Ashmead, 1902, p. 188.
Ilapinastes incertus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 190. S. Preocc. in Gelis by
Foerster, 1850.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 53.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 55.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 55.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 15.
Biology: Furniss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49.
foveatus (Brues). Mass.
Pezomachus foveatus Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 73. 6.
g:elechiae (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Data files in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that
gelechiae was associated with Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.) which were infesting
potato tubers.
Exolytus gelechiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 397. 6.
gracillimus (Dalla Torre). R. I., N. Y., Pa., Tex.
Pezomachus gracilis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 63. 9. Preocc. by Foerster, 1850.
Pezomachus gracillimus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 624. N. name for ffracilis
Cresson.
Pezomachus angularis Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 122. 9.
Pezomachus cressonii Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for gracilis
Cresson; cresso7iii Strickland preocc. by Dalla Torre, 1902.
habilis (Brues). Mass.
Pezomachus habilis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 72. 9.
hammari (Viereck). Mass., Ark. Host: Casebearer on wild grape. Also reared as a secondary
parasite of Acrobasis indigenella (Zell.).
Barydotira hammari Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 584. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 54.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 362.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16.
obesus (Ashmead). Alaska; Sweden.
Theroscopus rufipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 191. 6,9. Preocc. in Gelis
by Bridgman, 1883.
Pezomachus obesus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 193. 9.
Pezomachus auripes Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 134. 6.
Pezomachus insularis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for T.
rufipes Ashmead.
Pezolochus bucculatricis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 240. 6, 9.
Theroscopus americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. 6.
Hemiteles ashyneadii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 643. N. name for T. americanus
Ashmead, which was temporarily preocc. in Hemiteles.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16, 17.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16, 17. -Friend, 1927.
Conn. [State] Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 288: 449, 450.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 456. —Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16.
ottawaensis (Harrington). Conn., Ont., W. Va. Host: Eggs of Gnaphosidae?
Pezomachus ottawaensis Harrington, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 77. 9.
Hemiteles ottatcaensis Harrington, 1896: Canad. Ent. 28: 78. 6. Preocc. in Gelis by
Harrington, 1896, p. 77.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 55.
spiraculus (Strickland). N. Y., N. C. Host: Microplitis gortynae Riley.
Pezomachus spiraculus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 124. 9.
Gelis microplitidis Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61: 5. 6, 9.
stanfordensis (Strickland). Calif.
Pezomachus stanfordensis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 123. 9.
stigmaterus (Cresson). Tex.
Mesoleptus^ stigmaterus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 409
Pezomachus gentilis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 61. i, 9. Preocc by Foerster, 1850.
Pezomachus tantillus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 62. 9.
'
Pezomachus cressonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 621. N. name for P. gentilis
Cresson.
tenellus (Say). Que. s. to Ga., w. to s. Alaska and Calif.; Argentina; Hawaii. Host: Apanteles
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 163.
Morphology: Dustan, 1923 (1922). Acadian Ent. Soc, Proc. 8: 75-78 (larva).
terebrator (Ratzeburg). Greenland; Europe. Host: Microplitus coactus Lundb.
Pezomachus terebrator Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 126. 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 8.
Pezomachus unicolor Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 64. 9. Preocc. by Foerster, 1850.
Pezomachus uniformis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 635. N. name for P. unicolor
Cresson.
410 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
urbanus (Brues). N. Y.
Pezoniachufi itrbaynis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 70. i.
virginiensis (Aslimead), n. comb. Va., Arl<. Ecology: Associated witii Acrobasis indigenella
This species had been incorrectly placed in the genus Mastnts since 1944.
(Zell.).
Hemitelefi virginiensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 404. 9.
wheeleri (Brues). 111.
Pezowachus wheeleri Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 123. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 57.
SUBTRIBE MASTRINA
Genus PYGOCRYPTUS Roman
Pygocryptus Roman, 1925 Arkiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 9.
(1924).
Type-species: Phygadeuon grandis Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 173, 212. —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), Bui. 11:436.
aciculatus (Provancher). N. B. s. to Va., w. to s. Alaska and Calif. Host: Coccygomimus
sanguinipes erythropus (Vier.), Itoplectis behrensii (Cr.), Meteorus niveitarsis (Cr.),
Arge sp., Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Zadiprion townsendi (Cock.), Neodiprion nanulus
Schedl, N. pinetum (Nort.), N. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. rugifrons Midd., N. sertifer
(Geoff.), N. sicainei Midd., N. taedae linearis Ross, N. tsugae Midd., Lambdiiia
fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.), Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.).
The observations by
Cushman (1919) cast suspicion upon records for aciculatus as a primary parasite of
Lepidoptera.
Hemiteles aciculatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 60. 6.
Hemiteles ashmeadii Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
153. Nomen nudum.
Phygadeuon phryganidiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 207. 9.
Phygadeuon (Aenoplex) argeae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 405. 9.
Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodiprioni Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 195. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65 (syn.).
Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 524. —Reeks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann.
Biology:
Rpt. 69: 27.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
carpocapsae (Cushman). Pa. s. to Fla., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Grapholitha 7)iolesta (Bsk.),
Laspeyrenia caryana (Fitch), L. pomonella (L.).
Aenoplex carpocapsae Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 509. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 461 (male described).
(oviposition behavior).
caudatus (Provancher). Que., N. Y., Ont.
Echthrus caudatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 313. 9.
Aenoplex longicauda Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 240. 9.
cressoni (Riley). N. H., Mich., Ill, Mo. Host: Microgaster gelechiae Riley?, Gaynbnis nuncius
(Say).
Hemiteles Cressoni Riley, 1869. Mo. State Ent, Ann. Rpt. 1: 177. S.
(?)
Heniiteles conipactus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 398. 9. Described
by virtue of Ashmeads' inclusion of "compacttis Cresson" in a key; Ashmead did not
realize covipacius was a manuscript name on a specimen Cresson had identified for
Riley (see Cushman, 1919).
Hemiteles cressonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 647. Emend.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 525-526. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
laplantei Mason. Newfoundland (insular) s. to Maine, w. to s. Alaska and Oreg. Host: Meteorus
niveitarsis (Cr.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl, N.
pratti banksianae Roh., A^. swainei Midd., A^. tsugae Midd., Heterarthrus nemoratus
(Fall.), Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Acleris gloverana
(Wlshm.), A. variana (Fern.), Choristoneura fumiferayia (Clem.), Lambdina fiscellaria
fiscellaria (Gn.), L.f. lugubrosa (Hulst), Rheumaptera hastata (L.).
Mastrus laplantei Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 19. 6, 9.
laricellae (Mason), n. comb. N. B., P. E. I., Ont., Wis., n.e. Calif. Host: Argyresthia laricella
Kft. This species is placed provisionally in Mastrus (see foregoing discussion under
Lysibia). ;
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
Aenoplex betnlaecola Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 208. 9.
Aenoplex plesiotypus Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 510. 9.
pinifoliae (Cushman), n. comb. Mass., La. Host: Exoteleia sp., E. pinifoUella (Chamb.). As with
M. laricellae (Mason), this species is placed provisionally in Mastrus (see foregoing
discussion under Lysibia.
Hemiteles pinifoliae Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 5. 6, 9.
polychrosidis (Cushman). R. I., N. Y., Pa. Host: Paralobesia viteana (Clem.).
Aenoplex polychrosidis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 524. d, 9.
rubricornis (Ashmead). Va.
Hemiteles rubriconiis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 405. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 65.
smithii (Packard). Que. w. to Wash., s. to N. J., 111., Colo., and Oreg. Host: Ganibnis extrematis
(Cr.), Anietastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus Smithii Packard, 1865. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 346. 6, 9.
Echthrus rubripes Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 16. 9.
Phaeogenes crassitelns Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 41. 9.
Aenoplex nigrosovia Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 460. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
subspinosus (Provancher). Que., R. I., N. Y.
Phygadeuon subspinosus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 336. 6.
Genus AMYDRAULAX Cushman
Amydraulax Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 4.
Type-species: Amydraulax pulchra Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
There is an undescribed species which apparently occurs in northern Mexico as well as in the
southwestern U. S.; it has been reared from cones of Pinus ponderosa. The genus is not known
to occur outside of the southwestern part of the Nearctic region.
pulchra Cushman. Calif. Ecology: The only host known for pulchra is a cerambycid which
bores in the branches of Sequoia gigantea. Host: Callidium sequarimn Fisher.
Amydraulax pulchra Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 5. 9.
Genus APOTEMNUS Cushman
Apotemnus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 359.
Type-species: Cryptus truncatus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Brachycentrus Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 106. Preocc. by
Curtis, 1834.
414 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 531-535. —Townes and Townes, 1962. U.
S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 513-522.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 326.
annulicornis (Walsh). N. Y., Md., Va., Mich., 111.?, Okla. Host: Elapkidionoides parallelus
(Newm.)?
Echthrus ajmulicornis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 159. 9.
Helcostizus bicarinatus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 532. 9.
collinus (Provancher). Que. Not included in the revision by Townes and Townes (1962) and
probably synonymous with one of the taxa included.
Mesostenus collinus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 126): HI. S.
Ta.xonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 204-205.
restaurator yukonensis (Ashmead). Northwestern N. W. T. w. to Alaska, s. to Ariz, and Calif.
Host: Plectura spi)iicauda Mann. Townes and Townes (1962) distinguished rufiscutuni
Cushman as a separate subspecies, but the material they studied included nearly as
many specimens which they classified as intermediate between rufiscutH)n and
yukonensis as there were specimens identified as rufiscutuni; therefore, I feel it is not
practical to recognize rufiscutuni as a distinct subspecies.
Pinipla yukonensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 445. 9.
Helcostizus rufiscutuni Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 533. 9. N. syn.
subrectus Townes. Ariz.
Helcostizus subrectus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 517. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 415
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 70.
SuBTRiBE ETHELURGINA
Genus RHEMBOBIUS Foerster
This small Holarctic genus was removed from the Aptesini by Townes (1970), who discussed
his reasons for transferring it to the Hemitelini. No other genus of Hemitelini is known to have
species in which the adult females overwinter, but it is apparently not known if any Rhembobius
sp. overwinters e.xclusively in this way. The known hosts are saprophagous Syrphidae.
Revision: Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 272-278.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 112.
TohneruH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177. Preocc. by Loew, 1849.
Type-species: Phygadeuon sodalis Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes and Townes, 1966.
Ethel urgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 180.
Type-species: Hemiteles (Ehtelurgus) lonicerae Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Niineches Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 186.
Type-species: Phygadeuon sodalis Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Zaniicrotoridea Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 340.
Type-species: Hemiteles (Zamicrotoridea) orbifonnis Viereck. Monotypic.
416 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
I have seen one undescribed Nearctic species in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection, but sup-
pose that there are other undescribed Nearctic species because Townes (1970) said that Ethelur-
gus is a moderate sized genus. Males of Ethelurgus will not key to the subtribe Ethelurgina in
Townes (1970) because only the females have the apical margin of the clypeus impressed.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 7, 72.
Subtribe ENDASEINA
Genus CHARITOPES Foerster
Charitopes mellicornis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 383. Nomen
nudum.
piceiventris (Harrington). B. C.
Hemiteles piceiventris Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 80.
Phygadeuon monticola Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 689. N. name for P.
niontanus Cresson.
mucronatus (Provancher). Que. s. to Va., w. to Mich. Host: Arge clavicornis {¥.), A. pectoralis
(Leach).
Phygadeuon mucronatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 73. 9.
Melophron (!) abdominalis Ashmead, 1906. //( Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
paludicola (Brues). Colo.
Oxytorus paludicola Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 50. 6.
pubescens (Provancher). Que. s. to Ga., w. to Alta. and Colo.
Phygadeuon pubescens Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 282. 6.
Phygadeuon dubius Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 283. 9.
Aloniya pulchra Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 120. S.
Phygadeuon pallicox2is Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 75. 6.
Phygadeuon pallidicoxus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 690. Emend.
rotundiceps (Provancher). Que.
Phygadeuon rotundiceps Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 12. 9.
subclavatus (Say). N. B. s. to Fla., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanuhis Schedl, A^. prafti
banksianae Roh., N. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. rugifrons Midd., A^. sertifer (Geoff.), N.
swainei Midd., N. taedae linearis Ross, N. tsugae Midd., N. virginiana Roh., Zadiprion
toicnnendi (Cock.).
Cryptiis subclavatus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2,
Biology: Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 53. -Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 491.
SUBTRIBE BATHYTRICHINA
This subtribe includes six genera, but only Baththrix, which is nearly worldwide in distribu-
tion, occurs in the Nearctic fauna.
Revision: Thomson, 1884. Opusc. Ent. 10: 963-966 (European spp.). Cushman, 1920. U. S. —
Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 261-264. —Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 77-78.
areolaris (Cushman). Alaska, Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd.
Panargyrops areolaris Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 397. 6, 9.
claviger (Taschenberg). Que., Maine, Tex., Alta., Colo., B. C, Wash.; Eurasia. Host:
Anietastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus claviger Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 76. 6.
Cryptus (Cliaeretymma[f]) ater Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. f.) 5: 338.
6, 9.
Mesostenus sericeus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 264. S.
Cryptus sericeifrons Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 132. 9.
Agenora hirticeps Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 722. 6.
Bathythrix tibialis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 458. cJ, 9.
Panargyrops texanus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 262. 9. Preocc. in
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 90 (syn.).
latifrons (Cushman). Southern Alaska, Wash., Oreg. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd., Meteorus
sp.?
Thysiotorus latifrons Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 396. 6,9.
meteori (Howard). R. I. and N. Y. s. to Ga. and Miss. Host: Meteorus connnu7iis (Cr.), Iseropus
coelebs (Walsh)?
Bathythrix meteori Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 53. 6, 9.
peregrina (Cresson). Que. s. to Va., w. to Iowa and Kans.
Mesoleptusf peregrinus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 102. 6, 9.
Panargyrops thoracicus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 55: 528. 9.
pimplae Howard. N. Y. s. to Va., w. to S. Dak. Host: Ganibrus extretnatis (Cr.), Iseropus
coelebs (Walsh)?,
Gyrinus sp.?
Bathythrix piwplae Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 54. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 396 (syn.).
SUBTRIBE PHYGADEUONTINA
Genus OECOTELMA Townes
Oecotelma Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 94.
Type-species: Hentiteles cushmaiti Butcher. Monotypic and orig. desig.
cushmani (Butcher). Mich. Host: Gyrinus sp.
Hemiteles cushmani Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 76. S, 9.
Species of this genus apparently parasitize larvae of caddisflies whose cases are left exposed
by the receding waters of vernal ponds or intermittent streams.
biannulatus (Gravenhorst). Minn.?, 111.?; Europe. Host: Limnephilus iJidivisus Walker. North
American specimens were identified as biannulatus by Roman (1925) and Mickel and
Milliron (1939), but the question of conspecificity of Neartic and Paleartic specimens has
apparently not been readdressed; therefore, the occurrence of biannulatus in North
America remains unsubstantiated.
Hemiteles biannulatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 846. 9.
Hemiteles Hellbachi Schmiedeknecht, 1905. Opusc. Ichn., v. 2, p. 851. 9. Syn. verified by
Dr. Klaus Horstmann (personal commun., 1976).
Hemiteles bianulatus (!) Oehlke and Townes, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 400.
Biology: Mickel and Milliron, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 578-580.
bicornutus (Ashmead). Mo.
Hemiteles bicornutus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 403. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 96.
glacialis (Ashmead). B. C. The type-locality (Lowe Inlet, B. C.) was erroneously recorded by
Townes (1944) as an Alaskan locality.
Philonygus (!) glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 189. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 186. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 12: 96.
Townes (1970) stated that Orthizema is a large genus of Holarctic distribution, but did not
statehow many undescribed Nearctic species he has seen.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 446. —Townes and Gupta,
1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 247. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12:
97-98.
Except for one species known from Taiwan, Uchidella is said to be a Holarctic genus of
moderate size (see Townes, 1970). There are no described Nearctic species.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 99.
chionops (Gravenhorst). N. Y., Pa., Md., Mich.; Japan; Europe. Townes (1970) stated that
chionops is Holarctic without mentioning specific localities outside Europe; these he
communicated to me personally and stated that he regards the European, Japanese, and
Nearctic specimens he has seen as belonging to three separate subspecies. ^
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 100.
This genus transferred from the Endaseina where Townes (1970) placed it as a synonym of
is
between Hedylus and Medophron. In Hedylus crassicornis the nervellus is reclivous, the
discoidella absent, the apical portion of the mediella is very strongly curved, and the petiole
is
has the apex of the sternite opposite the spiracles. In Townes' (1970) key to the genera of
Phygadeuontina H. crassicornis runs to Stibeufes.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 81, 92-94.
brooksi (Brooks), comb. W. Va. Host: Craponius inaequalis (Say). This species was placed
n.
in Stibeutes by Townes (1970); it seems more a misfit in Stibeutes than in Hedylus.
Sfiboscopus brooksi Ashmead, 1906. In Brooks, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 100: 240.
Nomen nudum.
Stiboscopus brooksi Brooks 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 730: 14. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 100, 395.
crassicornis Ashmead. N. H., Wis.; e. U. S. S. R.
Hedylus crassicontis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 339. 9 .
Townes (1970) said that Theroscopus "is a large genus of Holarctic distribution; the hosts are
probably various small cocoons."
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 395-396. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 392. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 101.
— Frilli, 1973.
Entomologica 9: 95.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 101.
Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 260. —Gravenhorst, 1829.
Ichn. Europaea, v. 832. —Cushman, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 64. —Roman,
2, p.
1925 (1924). Arikiv for Zool. 17 A
(4): 15-16. -Habermehl, 1926. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for
Biology: Webster, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 112: 34.
— Boulanger, 1969. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 71: 149-150.
scapiphorus (Provancher). Que., Mass., R. I., N. Y.
Atractodes scapiphoriin Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 151. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 92. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 561.
Megacara Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 102.
This is a small Holarctic genus, with liicens (Provancher) being the only described Nearctic
species.
Ta.xonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 5. — Aubert, 1975. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse,
Bui. 31: 15 (syn.).
Biology: Nielsen, 1907. Meddel. om Greenland 39: 385. — Baines and Finlayson, 1949. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 85: 150-151.
epochrae Viereck. Mont. Host: Epochra canadensis (Loew).
Phygadeuon (Plesignatliiis) epochrae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 567. 6, 9.
hudsonicus (Cresson). "Hudson's Bay Territory."
Stilpnus hudsonicus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. 6.
laticinctus Ashmead. Colo.
Phygadeuon laticinctus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Soc, Bui. 1: 21. 9.
nortoni Viereck. Conn., N. Y. Townes (1970) seems to have suggested that this species may
not belong in Phygadeuon.
Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) nortoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 336. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 103.
Stiboscopjis mandibidaris Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 172. S. N. syn.
Preocc. in Phygadeuon by Cresson, 1864.
Bathyntetis nigriconiis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 177. 6, 9. N. syn.
Bathymetis imitator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 177. 6, 9. N. syn.
Bathymetis simulans Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 178. 9. N. syn.
Bathymetis rubrocincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 178. 3, 9. N. syn.
Bathymetis siniillima Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 179. 6, 9. N. syn.
Bathymetis confusa Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 180. 6, 9. N. syn.
Plesiognathus (!) rubrocinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. 6. Preocc. in
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 429. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
560 (rejection of lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer, 1917).
slossonae Cushman. N. H.
Bathymetis slossonae Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Phygadeuon slossonae Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 21. 9.
solidus Lundbeck. Greenland.
Phygadeuon solidus Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk. Naturhist. For., Vidensk. Meddel. (for
1896), p. 225. 9 .
Townes' (1970) description and key characters for this genus are partly inaccurate and
misleading. In making his description and choosing the characters to use in his key to the genera
of the Phygadeuontina, Townes appears to have neglected the type-species of
Ceratophygadeuon and based his description and key mainly upon a group of species (which I
will call the perditiis group) whose members are at least in part parasitic upon the larvae of
Stratiomyidae. However, even the males of the perditus group (and occasionally the females as
well) often have two median apical teeth on the clypeus instead of the "single median tooth"
described by Townes. Viereck described Ceratophygadeuon as having the "clypeus bituberculate
at [the] ape.x." which roughly agrees with the two specimens of the type-species I have seen and
with Townes' figure of that species (One of the specimens is like Townes figure in having what
could be described as a single bifid clypeal tooth). In addition to its sharp facial tubercle (whence
the name Ceratophygadeuon), the type-species has a rather unusual mandible which is short,
very broad basally, narrowed very little from base to apex, and transversely concave on its
outer surface; in the two examined specimens, both of the mandibular teeth have been worn
down, but probably were almost equal in length. In species of the perditus group, the mandible
is long, narrow, rather strongly tapered somewhat internal to the upper tooth, which seems to
agree with what little Townes says concerning the mandible of Ceratophygadeuon. I do not
know if either of the names Remonzia or Euremonzia would be applicable to members of the
perditus group.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 94, 104, 399.
SUBTRIBE STILPNINA
So far as is known members of this subtribe are parasites of cyclorrhaphous Diptera, oviposit-
ing into late-instar larvae and emerging from puparia.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 106.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 56 (syn.). —Townes, 1970
(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 106 (syn.).
americanus (Ashmead). N. H., N. Y., N. C, S. C, Tenn., Kans. Ecology: Found in late fall at
carrion.
Isclinus americanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 394. 9.
arcticus Holmgren. Greenland; n. Eurasia.
Atractodes arcticus Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 29 (6): 99.
6.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 8. —Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(10) 14: 607-608.
ashmeadi Cushman. N. H.
Asyncrita conipressa Ashmead (!), 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Lapsus for and
misidentification of Stilpnus^ conipressus Cresson (compare Ashmead, 1900 with
Cushman, 1922).
Atractodes ashmeadi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 6. 9.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p. 568.
aterrimus Holmgren. Greenland.
Atractodes aterrimus Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af Forh. 29 ... (6):
98. 6.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 9. —Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(10) 14: 607 (description of female).
430 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Exolytm brevis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. 9. Preocc. by
Foerster, 1876.
Exolytus brevissi))iun Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 727. N. name for E. brevis
Davis.
Atractodes serpedonten (!) Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Lapsus for and
misidentification oi Atractodea nepedontis Ashmead, a synonym of Mesoleptus declivus
(Cresson).
Atractodes serpedontus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 7.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).
compressus (Cresson). Colo.
Stilpnns^ coDipressiis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 260. 6.
cultus (Davis). Colo.
ExolytuH cultus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. 9.
fatuus Townes. N. Mex.
Phygadeuon polita Viereck, 1903. bi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 82. 6. Preocc. in
Atractodes by Provancher, 1874 and Ashmead, 1890.
Atractodes fdtuus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 231. N. name for P. polita
Viereck.
(Ashmead). Colo.
gillettei
Seleucus gillettei Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 206. 6.
grandis Cushman. N. H.
Exolytus grandis Ashmead, 1900. I)i Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.
Atractodes grandis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 7. 9.
kincaidi (Ashmead). Alaska.
Exolytus perplexus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 165. 6.
Exolytus satictipauli Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 166. 9.
Exolytus kincaidi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 167. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).
laphroscopoides (Viereck). Ariz.
Hemiteles {Diaglyptaf) laphroscopoides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 294. i.
necrix Mason. S. C. Ecology: Occurs on carrion.
Atractodes necrix Mason, 1971. In Payne and Mason, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 139. 9.
nigricoxus Provancher. Que., Mass.
Atractodes nigricoxus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 368. 6.
Atractodes nigricoxatus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 722. Unecessary n. name for
nigricoxus Provancher; not preocc. by nigricoxis Foerster, 1876.
pacificus Townes. B. C.
Angitia Americana Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 246. 9. Preocc. in Atractodes by
Ashmead, 1890.
Atractodes pacificus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 232. N. name for Angitia
a)nerica)ia Harrington.
Exolytus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 166. 6,9.
Atractodes ebeninus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 1, p. 45. N. name for E. niger Ashmead; this n. name was unnecessary because it
was proposed when popofoisis was already standing as a junior synonym of E. niger.
rufiventris (Ashmead). Mich., S. Dak.
Seleucus rufiventris Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 207. 9.
Exolytus dakotaensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 354. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 431
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).
ungensis (Ashmead). Sask., Alaska.
Exoljitus ungoisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 169. 9.
Exolytus rubrocinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 169. 6.
SUBTRIBE CREMNODINA
Genus CREMNODES Foerster
Taxonomy: Pefkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 397-398, 411, 415, 454.
Tribe APTESINI
In transferring the genus Echtlirus to the group he formerly called the Hemigastrini, Townes
(1970) changed the name of the group to Echthrini because of his preference to base super-
generic group names upon the oldest included genus rather than upon the oldest supergeneric
name; following the latter practice would have resulted in his retention of the name Hemigas-
trini.Because of my belief that Hetnigaster actually belongs in the group Townes (1970) called
the subtribe Baryceratina (tribe Cryptini), the name Hemigastrina is here applied to that sub-
tribe.
Most Aptesini oviposit into the cocoons of sawflies, but the species of Echthrus and
Demopheles parasitize wood boring Coleoptera, and Polytribax parasitizes Lepidoptera.
Revision: Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 1-305.
Taxonomy: Townes, 19701969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 111-140 (genera of world).
Perkins, 1962).
Mecocryptns Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.
Type-species: Phygadenon caliginosus Gravenhorst, not as restricted by
Taschenberg and Frilli. Monotypic and orig. desig. Thomson did not say that he
was applying the name caliginosus to Gravenhorst's female, but this is implied by
the fact that on the same two pages he described a new genus and species,
Stenocryptus nigriventris, for what he believed to be Phygadeuon caliginosus
432 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, pp. 645-646. —Taschenberg, 1865. Ztsch.
f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 22, 49. —
Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 177,
214. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 416. -Frilli, 1975 (1974). Soc.
Ent. Ital., Mem. 53: 127-129.
corruptor maturus (Provancher). Que. s. to Ga., w. to w. Ont. and possibly Alta. Host: Clytus
ruricola (Oliv.). The Alta. record is based upon a male from Edmonton, and the
distinction between the Nearctic subspecies is so far based only upon females.
Phijgadenon niaturns Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 68. 9.
corruptor rufatus Townes. Colo., N. Mex., Wash.
Demopheles corruptor rnfotus Townes, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 49. 9.
This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution. The hosts are allantine sawflies which pupate in
the stems of weeds and shrubs.
Cryptus flavipes Harrington, 1894. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 26: 212.
9.
Cryptus velox Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2, p. 584.
Nomen nudum.
Cryptus velox Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 433
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 540, 566-567 (discussion of Provancher types).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 128.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 31, 186, 218. —Perkins, 1962. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 442.
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host:
alacris (Cresson).
Ametastegia glabrata (Fallen). In the tribal revision of Townes and Gupta (1962),
Townes recognized four subspecies, three of which were sympatric.
Cryptus alacris Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 306. 9.
Leptobatus Caiiadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 145. 9. N. syn.
434 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Mesostentift nigriconiis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (9): 264. 6. Temporarily preocc. in
ashmeadii (Harrington). Mont., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: A)netastegia glabrata
(Fall.), Trypoxylon sp.
Phygadeuonbrei'icornis Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 48. 9.
caligneus Townes. N. C.
Cubocephalus caligneus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
109. 9.
115. S, 9.
114. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 435
dreisbachi Townes. Que. s. to Conn., w. to Alta. and Kans. Townes (1962) said this species "is
very close to C. ash mead ii and may prove to be an eastern subspecies of it."
Cuboceplialus dreisbachi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
94. 6, 9.
d, 9.
flavipes Townes. N. Y., Mich.
Cubocephalus Jlacipes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 72.
6, 9.
hebes Townes. Sask., Mont.
Cubocephalus hebes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 66. S ,
9.
Cubocephalus hirtipes hirtipes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 122. 6,9.
hirtipes trachodes Townes. N. H. Ecology: Occurs above timberline on Mt. Washington.
Cubocephalus hirtipes trachodes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 122. 6,9.
impressus (Provancher). Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to Minn, and Colo.
Ischnus impressus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 112. 6.
Townes and Gupta. Ariz.
incisus atriventris
Cubochephalus incisus atriventris Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 44.
9.
Townes and Gupta. N. Y., Mich.
incisus incisus
Cubochephalus incisus incisus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 45. 6,
9.
miarus Townes and Gupta. Maine, N. H., N. Y., n.w. S. C, Mich., Wis.
Ciiboceplialns inianis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 54. S, 9.
micans Townes. P. E. I. s. to N. Y., w. to Minn.
Cubocepliaiun micans Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 112.
c5, 9.
molaris Townes and Gupta. Que., N. Y., Ont., Minn., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Yukon, B. C, Oreg.,
Calif.
Cubocephaius molaris leechi Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 50. 6. N.
syn.
Cubocephaius 7nolaris molaris Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 50. 6 ,
9.
Cubocephaius molaris cervinus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 51. c^,
9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 394. —Townes, 1962. In Townes and
Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 89-91. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 528-529.
personatus Townes. Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Cubocephaius personatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
105. d, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 437
pictus Townes. Mich., ?n.w. S. C. Townes said that "the correlation of the males [from Mich.]
and the female [from S. C] of this species involves much conjecture, and may not be
correct."
Cubocephalus pidus Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 111.
6, 9.
prolixus phaeolepis Townes and Gupta. B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Cubocephalus prolixus phaeolepis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 48.
6, 9.
Townes and Gupta. Que. s.
prolixus prolixus to N. Y., w. to Man. and S. Dak.
Cubocephalus prolixus prolixus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 49. 6,
9.
rectus (Provancher). Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Minn.
Cry plus rectus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 75. 6.
rufibasis Townes and Gupta. Mich.
Cubocephalus rufibasis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 63. 9.
scorteus Townes. Northern Que., Yukon.
Cubocephalus scorteus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 70.
6, 9.
semifulvus Townes. Alaska, Wash.
Cubocephalus sottifuh'us Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
71. 6, 9.
120. 6, 9.
55. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 157 (syn.).
-Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 131.
albicoxus (Provancher). Que., N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to Md., Mich., Ariz., and Calif. Host:
Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). In the tribal revision of Townes and Gupta (1962), Townes
recognized two subspecies which were largely sympatric.
Cry plus brevicornis Provancher, 1875. Nat Canad. 7 (6): 176. 6. Preocc. by Gravenhorst
1829.
Mesostenus albicoxus Provancher, 1975. 1875. 7 (6): 266. 6.
Cryptusferrugineus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 412. 9. Preocc. by
Smith, 1861 and 1879. N. syn.
438 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cryptus Schoberi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 588. N. name for C. ferrugineus
Ashmead. N. syn.
Cryptus koebelei Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 158. Unnecessarily proposed n.
name for C. ferrugineus Ashmead. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 419-420, 436 (n. comb, and lectotype selection).
Alexander! (Townes), n. comb. Que., Vt., Alta.
Opidnus alexanderi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. inst., Mem. 2: 145. d,
9.
Opidnu.i aniptuH Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 151. S,
9.
arridens (Gravenhorst). N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich., B. C; Eurasia. Adventive? The species
is not known to have been collected in North America before 1946.
Opidnus fuh'ibasis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 144. 6,
9.
lindrothi (Townes), n. comb. Alaska.
Opidnus lindrothi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 158. 9.
major (Townes), comb. Northern Que., N. H. Ecology: In N. H. this species occurs above
n.
timberline on Mt. Washington.
Opidnus major Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 156. 6.
inucronatus (Townes), n. comb. Maine, Mass., N. Y., Mich.
Opidnus rnucronatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 150.
3, 9.
nivarius (Brues), n. comb. Alaska.
Aptesis nivarius Brues, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3G, p. 21. 9.
orbitus (Townes), n. comb. N. H., n. Yukon. Ecology: In N. H. this species occurs above
timberline on Mt. Washington.
Opidnus orbitus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 157. 6.
oresbius (Townes), n. comb. B. C, Wash.
Opidnus oresbius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 136. 6.
parallelus (Townes), n. comb. Que., N. H., N. Y., Man., Colo.
Opidnus parallelus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 165. 6,
9.
3, 9.
rufinotum (Townes), n. comb. Northern Alaska. Townes (1962) said that rufinotum "may
prove to be a subspecies of 0. tumulus."
Opidnus rufinotum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent Inst., Mem. 2: 161. 3.
shumaginensis Carlson, n. name. Alaska.
Stiboscopus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 173. 9. Preocc. in
Oresbius by Cryptus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1890; in the tribal revision of Townes and
Gupta (1962), Townes did not rename Stiboscopus ferrugi)teus because Cryptus
ferrugineus Ashmead is an unavailable primary homonym which could not interfere
with the use of the name Stiboscopus ferrugineus; S. ferrugineus is renamed here
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 439
because if it were
have had a junior synonym one would not be at liberty to use the
to
name S.ferrugineiis until such time as it was placed in a different genus than C.
fernigmeus Ashmead.
sublaevis (Townes), n. comb. Wyo., Colo., Wash. Ecology: Occurs on mountains near timberline.
Opidnits sitblaei'is sublaevis Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem.
2: 134. 6,9.
Opidmts sublaevis iiiiltouierus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. N. syn.
2: 135. cJ.
taeniatus (Townes), n. comb. Northern Que., N. H., N. W. T., n. Yukon. Ecology: In N. H. this
species occurs above timberline on Mt. Washington.
Phygadeuon alticola Ashmead, 1897 In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Opidnus taeniatus Townes, 1962. /» Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 154. 6,
9.
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 459, 514, 522, 532, 573 (Provancher types revised).
teres (Townes), n. comb. Northern Yukon, Alaska.
Opidnus teres Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 167. 6,9.
tibialis (Townes),comb. Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T., n. Yukon, Alaska.
n.
Opidnus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem.
tibialis 2: 163. 6,9.
trifasciatus (Ashmead), n. comb. Northern Que., N. W. T., n. Yukon, Alaska.
Microcryptus trifasciatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. 6.
tsugae (Cushman). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to s. Alaska, s. to N. C, Colo., Ariz, and Calif.
Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd. The characters used by Townes (1962) for subspecific
differentiation are neither strong nor entirely in agreement with the material he
studied.
Aptesis (Pezoporus) tsugae Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 394. 6,9.
Opidnus tsugae ruficoxa Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
138. 6,9. N. syn.
Opidnus tsugae interior Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
139. 6, 9. N. syn.
Opidnus tsugae inflatus Townes, 1962. in Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
140. 9. N. syn.
Biology: Furniss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent 84: 49, 51.
tumulus (Townes), n. comb. N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.
Opidnus tumulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 160.
male, female.
vockerothi (Townes), comb. Northern Que.
n.
Opidnus vockerothi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 166. 6,
9.
vultuosus (Townes), n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador), Que., n. Mich., N. W. T., Alaska.
Opidnus vultuosus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 152. cJ,
9.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, Sup., p. 568 (first
inclusion of a species in Plesignatlius).
ferruginea (Cushman). R. I., N. Y., Md., D. C, Ont., Mich. Host: Tomostethus multicinctus
(Roh.).
Aptesis ferruginea Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 550. 6,9.
fulva fulva Townes and Gupta. Western Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif.
Giraudia fill va fill va Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 190. 6, 9.
fulva nigrithorax Townes and Gupta. Colo., N. Mex., Alta., Idaho, Utah, s.e. B. C, e. Oreg.
Giraudia fulva nigrithorax Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 190. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 441
6, 9.
basizonus (Gravenhorst). N. B., Que., N. J., Ont., Mich., Ohio; Eurasia. Introduced from
273. 6, 9.
Microcryptus basizoninsV.) Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 863.
Microcryptus curtulus Kriechbaumer, 1891. Ent Nachr. 17: 171. 6.
Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent 15: 829-831 (syn. and description).
507-509. — Niklas and Franz, 1957. Biol. Bundesanst. Land. u. Forstw. (Berlin-Dahlem),
f.
Mitt. 89: 22-23. — Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 223-224.
— Finlayson,
1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 557-563. -Finlayson, 1960 (1959). Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 216.
— Finlayson, 1961 (1960). Ent. Monthly Mag. 96: 177. —Finlayson, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93:
626-628. -Finlayson, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 799-801. -Griffiths, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93:
1005-1010. -Griffiths, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 673-713, 907-914. -Price, 1970. Science 170:
546-547. -Price, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1102-1111. -Price, 1970. Ecology 51: 445-454.
-Price, 1971. Ecology 52: 587-596. -Price, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 129-140.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 33, 35, 44 (final-instar larva).
borrori Townes. Maine.
Pleolophus borrori Townes, 1962. In Townes arid Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 228. 9.
6, 9.
coriaceus Townes. Sask., Alta.
Pleolophus coriaceus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 229.
6.
furvus Townes. Colo.
Pleolophus furi'Hs Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer Ent. Inst, Mem. 2:
228. 6.
6.
pilatus Townes. Newfoundland (Labrador), Mich., Minn.
Pleolophus pilatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 227. 6,
9.
rubrocinctus rubrocinctus (Provancher). Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Mich.
Phygadeuon rubrocinctus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 280. 9.
Phaeogenes aterrinius Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 330. 6.
rubrocinctus rufifemur Townes. Sask. s. to Colo., w. to Alaska and Calif
Pleolophus rubrocinctus rufifemur Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta,
Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 233. S, 9.
Rhytura Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 244.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 139.
albifrons Townes. N. Y.
Aptesis albifrons Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 267. 6.
alpestris Townes. Colo., Idaho., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Aptesis alpestris Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst. Mem. 2: 255. 6, 9.
anaula Townes. S. C.
Aptesis anaulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 272. 6.
atrox Townes. Ohio.
Aptesis atrox Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 269. 9.
breviaria Townes. N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Minn.
Aptesis breviaria Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 253. S,
9.
catulus Townes. N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., N. C, Kans.
Aptesis catulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 263. 6, 9.
fastigata Townes. Alta., Wyo., Oreg., Calif.
Aptesis fastigata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 267. 6,
9.
segnis segnis (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H. N. Y., n.w. S. C, Mich. Ecology: I have seen a
long series of males collected in Malaise traps placed in the crowns of Abies
balsa)tiifera. Host: Profenusa canadensis (Marl.).
Phygadeuon segnis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 11. 9.
Pezoporus (Schenkia) tenthredinarum Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 216. 6, 9.
Biology: Parrott and Fulton, 1915. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 411: 552, 572.
subguttata (Gravenhorst). Europe. Introduced in N. B., Que., and Ont. in 1937 and 1938,
apparently without becoming established. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.). The host
listed was the target species for the introductions in North America, although a small
number of individuals was released in an infestation of Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch).
Although the number of individuals released against G. hercyniae at some places was
large (as many as 6108 males and 10974 females) A. subguttata has not been found in
North America since 1939 when it was recovered from G. hercyniae in Parke Reserve,
Kamouraska Co., Que.
Cryptus subguttatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 610. 6.
Cryptus contractus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 617. 6.
Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 835-836 (syn.).
Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 931, 932, 939 (final-instar larva).
verrucata Townes. Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ohio, Mich.
Aptesis verrucata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 252. S,
9.
Townes (1970) said that he saw 13 species, all of which are Neotropic except for the fact that
one of them has a Nearctic subspecies.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 140.
barda Carolina (Townes). Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Mich, and Kans. 0. barda barda (Cresson)
occurs in Mexico.
Aptesis barda Carolina Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
271. 3, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 112, 113, 130.
446 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
proxi)na (Say)?, Saperda Candida F., S. discoidea F. Townes and Townes (1962)
recognized three subspecies, two of which were almost completely sympatric and had
ranges which broadly overlapped that of the third subspecies.
Echthrus niger Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 37. 9.
Echthrus rufopedibus Harrington, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 31. 9. N. syn.; name invalid
because it is in the dative case.
Echthrus niger einaculatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216(pt. 3): 494. 6, 9. N. syn.
Tribe CRYPTINI
Just as the Cryptinae is the largest of ichneumonid subfamilies, the Cryptini is the largest
tribe in the subfamily. Although the greatest numbers of genera and species of Cryptini occur in
the tropics, the tribe is well represented in North America. Townes (1970) implies that the spe-
cies of Cryptini search for their hosts primarily among foliage rather than in the soil or ground
litter and differ from the species of Aptesini and Hemitelini in this respect as well as in having
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 1-602.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 141-346 (genera of world).
SUBTRIBE AGROTHEREUTINA
Genus APSILOPS Foerster
bicolor (Cushman). Ont. and Mass., s. to Md., w. to Alta., Wash, and Calif. Host: Schoenobius
nielinellus (Clem.).
Trichocryptus bicolor Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 8. 9.
Trichocryptus atlanticus Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 3. 9.
hirtifrons (Ashmead). Ont. and Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Nymphula sp.
Cryptus hirtifrons Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 411. 6.
Cryptus cyaniventris Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
sericata (Viereck). Que. w. to Alta., s. to Mass., Mich., and S. Dak. Host: Occidentalia
comptulatalis (Hulst), Stenochilo forbesellus (Fern.).
Neostricklandia sericata Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 75. 9.
Trichestema helcostizoides Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 9. 9.
Biology: Frohne, 1939. Amer. Micros. Soc, Trans. 58: 234, 325, 347.
Phygadeuon Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 57. cJ.
siniilaris
N. syn.
Cryptus albonotatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 75. 6.
Aptesis major Davis, 1893. Ent. News 4: 32. 9. N. syn.
Spilocryptus: propodeHDi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 253. 6.
Agrothereutes rnicroalatiifi Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. 9. N. syn.
Agrothereutes slossonae Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. 9. N. syn.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 931, 932, 939 (final-instar larva).
abbreviator rufopectus Cushman. Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Neodiprion
tsugae Midd., Pristipliora erichsonii (Htg.), Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.).
Agrothereutes rufopectus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. 9.
alutarius Townes. N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.
Agrothereutes alutarius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):47. 6,9.
cimbcivorus (Cushman). Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. H., Mich., S. Dak., Colo., and Calif. Host:
Cimbex aiiiericana Leach.
Spilocrptusil) cimbcii'orus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64(4): 8. 3, 9.
Agrothereutes citubicivorus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 46. Unjustified emendation.
grandis Townes. Conn. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Ohio.
Agrothereutes grandis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 46. 6, 9.
lophyri (Norton). Newfoundland (insular) w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Ala., 111., and Minn. Host:
Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanuhis
Schedl, N. )iigroscutu}u Midd., N. pratti ba7iksianae Roh., Diprion similis (Htg.).
Cryptus Lophyri Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 326. d, 9.
Agrothereutes lophyri oiitariensis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 60. 6, 9. N. syn.
Agrothereutes lophyri obscunis Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 61. 6, 9. N. syn.
mandator americanus Townes. Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. J., Mich., Colo., and Wash. Host:
Cimbex a))ierica)ia Leach., Trichiosonia triangulum Kirby. A. mandator ynandator
(Linnaeus) is European. About eight individuals oi manducator americanus emerge
from a single host cocoon.
Agrothereutes mandator a}uericanus Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):68. 6,9.
montanus Townes. Colo. Ecology: The unique holotype was collected at an elevation of 11,000
ft. in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Agrothereutes montanus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 48. 9.
apicatus (Provancher). N. S., Que., Maine, Vt., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Sask. Ecology: This species
has been reared from galls of En lira on Sali.x, but appears to be too large to be a
parasite of Eiiiira and may parasitize Lepidoptera which occupy the galls secondarily.
Cryptua apicatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 178 (key); 6 (7): 204. 9.
Cryptus cinctus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 175. S. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1805.
bituminosus (Cushman). Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ga., Ill, Minn., La., Calif. Ecology: This
species has been collected on Spartina in salt marshes. Host: Diatraea sp., Ostrinia
nuhilalis (Hbn.), 0. obumbratalis (Led.), 0. penitalis (Grt.), Spheiiophorus pertinax
(Oliv.).
Biology: Riley, 1872. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 4: 110-111. —Harrington, 1891. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 21: 67. -Smith, 1908. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1: 294-297. —Marsh, 1937.
Ecology 18: 107-111. -Marsh, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 40-42. —Marsh, 1938. N. Y.
Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 27.
but apparently the host has not been reared frequently since then. Perhaps
tiiniciilambra will prove to be a melanic variant of G. ulti^nis (Cresson).
Trychosis funicula-ruhra Fyles, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 148. cJ, 9.
ultimus (Cresson). N. S. w. to Oreg., s. to Fla., Tex., Ariz., and Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Acroba.tis
caryae Grt., Herpetograttniia bipunctalis {¥.), Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Ostrinia
nnbilalis (Hbn.), Plilyctaeuia coronata tertialis (Gn.), Udea nibigalis (Gn.), Astala
confedemta (Grt.), Hyaloscotes pithopoem (Dyar), Thyridopteryx ephemeraefonnis
(Haw.), Platynoia flavedana Clem., A)icylis coniptoiia (Froel.), Grapliolitlio tiiolesta
(Bsk.), Pamlobesia viteatia (Clem.), Coleopliora sp., Pecti)iopliora gossypiella (Sdrs.),
Exyra setnicrocea (Gn.), Neogalea esnla (Druce), Si»iyra henrici (Grt.), Trichoplnsia iii
Biology: Fink, 1932. Jour. Agr. Res. 44: 555, 556. -Haden, 1935. Del. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 194: 33-35.
byrsina Townes. Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis., Kans., and La. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Papaipema sp. in Sanibucus pith, "Oberea sp." in raspberry stem. It does not seem
likely thatA. byrsina would be a primary parasite of Oberea.
Aritranis byrsina Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
102. 6, 9.
imitator (Provancher). Que. w. to n. Yukon, s. to R. I., Ohio, Colo., and Calif. Host: Hoplitis
iCyrtosniia) hypocrita (Ckll.).
Cryptus imitator Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 13. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 451
Aritrania i)nitator nigriventris Townes, 19G2. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 121. 6, 9. N. syn.
Arifranis iniitator monticola Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 124. 6, 9. N. syn.
Aritrauis i)>ntator ruficauda Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 125. cJ, 9. N. syn.
linnae linnae Townes. Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Minn., Sask., Alta.
Aritm)iis linnae linnae Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 105. d, 9.
linnae pacifica Townes. Calif.
Aritra)iis linnae pacifica Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 106. 6,9.
notata newcomeri (Cushman). Mont., Ida., B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Ametastegia glabrata
(Fall.), Allantux ductus (L.).
Caenocryptus newcomeri Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 463. 6, 9..
notata notata (Provancher). Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Alaska, Alta, and Colo. Host:
Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.), Ancistrocerus bireniniaciilatus (Sauss.), "Odynerus" sp. in
Rhus stem.
Cryptus Belangeri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 201. 9. The
holotype was not located by Barron (1975).
Cryptus notatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 202. 6. A specimen
presumed to be the holotype was located by Barron (1975).
Cryptus elongatus Provancher, 1882 (Dec). Nat. Canad. 13: 362. 6. Preocc. by Rudow,
1882 (Nov.).
Oronotus alboniaculatus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 205. 6.
zoesmairi (Dalla Torre). Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Wis. Host: Ceratina dupla Say. Individual
larvae consume two to five host larvae.
Cryptus omatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 63 (key). 9.
Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cryptris scutellatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 69. 9.
Preocc. by Smith, 1858 and Provancher, 1877. This is species number 39 in Provancher's
treatment of Cryptus; the same number is used by Provancher for C. ornatus in his key
to the species of Cryptus; the fact that the synonymy between the two names
pertaining to species number 39 is objective was substantiated by Provancher (1889).
Cryptus gracilis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 74. 6. Preocc.
by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cryptus Zoesmairi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 595. N. name for C. scutellatus
Provancher and C. ornatus Provancher.
Habrocryptus graenicheri Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 333. 9.
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 452.
Cylindrocryptus Ceballos, 1921. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 21: 50.
Type-species: Cylindrocryptus nitidns Ceballos. Monotypic and orig. desig.
frater (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Va., w. to Oreg. and Calif.; Eurasia. Ecology:
Adults occur among the coarse grasses and sedges of wet meadows.
1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 303. 9.
Cry ptus frater Cresson,
Cryptus sordidus Tschek, 1870. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 20: 409. 9.
Brachycryptus erythrocerus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 488. 9.
nigricoxa (Provancher). N. S. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn.
Cryptus nigricoxus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 361. 6.
Brachycryptus niger Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 7. i.
subspecies into two, with the nominate form occupying nearly the entire range of the
other segregate.
Bassun analis Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 266. Se.x not indicated.
In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) point out that the original
description of analis does not fit the ta.xon for which the name has traditionally been
used; lacking other evidence to indicate that Gravenhorst's original type material did
not include specimens of this taxon, they selected a lectotype which preserves the
traditional usage.
Ichneiuiion cursor Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 256;
9: 298. 9. Preocc. by Schrank, 1780.
Phaedrophadnus Cameron, 1906. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 285.
Type-species: Phaedrophadnus striatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Ethaemorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 565.
Type-species: Cryptus siniilis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Orthocryptus Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 567.
Type-species: Cryptus monticola Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
There are a few species of this moderately large genus in the Oriental Region and one known
from the Neotropic Region, but Trychosis is otherwise Holarctic. Some of the species have been
reared from spider egg cocoons, and records of rearings from Lepidoptera may be erroneous.
Revision: van Rossem, 1966. Zool. Verb. 79, 40 pp. (European spp.).
Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1965. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 22: 259-260 (proposal for use of plenary
Townes and Townes (1962) suggest that albicaligata may prove to be a junior synonym
of T. exulans (Cresson).
82. S
Cryptiis albicaligatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3:
.
Trychosis apicalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
347. 6, 9.
atrorubens Townes. Colo., Ariz., Nev., Calif.
Trychosis atrorubens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
Trycliosis cyperia Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
373. S, 9.
depilis Townes. Wyo., Idaho, Utah, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes suggests that depilis
Crypt us
)nontit'agiis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 12. 9.
Pliygadeuo)t fnsiforniis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 51. 9.
nigripes Townes. Tex.
Trychosis nigripes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
345. 6, 9.
Cameron, 1885.
Cryptus Sanderi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 587. N. name for )»onticola
Ashmead.
semirubra Townes. Que. w. to n.w. N. W. T., s. to R. I., Ohio, Minn., N. Mex., and Calif.
Ecology: Has been reared from spider egg cocoons collected under rocks. Host: Eggs of
drassid spider. The subspecies recognized by Townes and Townes (1962) suffer from
being based upon too few specimens and, in two cases, from being based upon different
characters in each sex (hind tarsal coloration in males and flagellar coloration in
females). If the white banding on the female hind tarsus (contrary to the description of
Townes and Townes [1962], in at least one female they placed in their nominate
subspecies tarsal segments 2 through 4 are entirely white) does not correlate well with
the extent of white coloration on the female flagellum, it does not seem logical to
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 455
suppose that there could be a good correlation between the coloration of the male hind
tarsus and the female flagellum.
Pliijgadeuon anmilatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 179. 9. Preocc. by Cresson, 1864.
Trychosis seiiiiniber Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 254. N. name for P.
aumilatiis Provancher.
Trychosis soiiinibra pitlla Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 352. 6,9. N. syn.
Tri/choKiK semirubm arizonica Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 354. 6,9. N. syn.
s. to S. C, w. to Minn., Kans., and Tex. The two subspecies recognized
similis (Cresson). N. S.
by Townes and Townes (1962) were almost completely sympatric-
Cryptu.'< .iunilifi Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 299. 9.
Trychosis situ His badianniis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 6, 9. N. syn.
(pt. 3): 343.
subgracilis (Cresson). P. E. I. s. to Fla., w. to Colo, and Tex. Ecology: One specimen was
reared from a head of Rudbeckia aniplex.
Cryptus subgracilis Cresson. 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 303. 9.
Crypius rufoannulatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 202.
sulcata Townes. Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and Kans.
Trychosis sulcata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
349. 6, 9.
SUBTRIBE CRYPTINA
Townes (1970) says that this is the dominant subtribe in the Holarctic Region. Most of the
species appear to be parasites of the pupae or prepupae of Lepidoptera or Symphyta.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 158-159 (genera of world).
Except for the species which ranges into Texas, this small genus is Neotropic.
cinctipes (Walsh). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel), A.
dii'isana Wlk., Paralobesia viteana (Clem.).
Cryptus cinctipes Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 72. 6, 9.
Phygadeuon fraterculus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 55. 9.
Spilocryptus polychrosidis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 461. 6,9.
456 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
minor Townes. Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n. Ga., Minn., Ariz., and Calif. Host: Epinotia
aceriella (Clem.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Acleris variana (Fern.), Choristoneura
funiiferana (Clem.).
Ischnus minor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 159.
6, 9.
pinguis (Provancher), revised status. Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn. Townes and Townes
(1962) placed pinguis as a subspecies of latus; the fact that they saw "no real
intergrades" between pinguis and latus leaves the status of pinguis in doubt because
most of the latus specimens they studied were collected within the northern portion of
the range of pi)iguis.
Phaeogenes pinguis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 43. 9. A
lectotype was selected by Barron (1975).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 136-137. —Barron,
1962. U. S. Natl.
Canad. 102: 531.
1975. Nat.
velutinus Townes. Ariz. Ecology: Occurs in moist deciduous foresjts of mountains in central
Ariz.
hclinua velutinus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
155. S, 9.
stokesii (Cameron). Australia. Introduced in N. J. and Va. in 1932 and in Idaho (date unknown
to me) apparently without becoming established. Host: Grapliolitha molesta (Bsk.),
Laspeyresia ponionella (L.). The hosts listed were the target species for introductions in
North America.
Ga)nbnis Stoke>tii Cameron, 1912. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 37 (1): 180. 9.
Biology: Allen, Holloway, and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 50-51.
Revision: Porter, 1967. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 10: 1-168, in part (Neotropic spp., treated as
part of genus Trachysphyrus).
Phygadeuon Planosae Fitch, 1856. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 15: 501. 9.
Cryptus nebraskensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 412. 9.
Chromocryptus albopictus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 41. 9.
458 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Agrothereutes (Itanioplex) cressoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 332. ?.
3): 312. 6, 9.
discolor Townes. Ariz.
Joppidiuni discolor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 313. 6.
dubiosum Cresson. Va., S. C, Ga., Ala.; Mexico.
Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 138. 6,9.
Joppidiuni dubiosum Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat.
ruficeps Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann.
14: 240. 6. Preocc. in
Opisosextiis (!)
1914.
Type-species: Cryptus rufirentrifs Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck,
Hobrocryptoides Uchida, 1952. Insecta Matsumurana 18: 19.
Type-species: Habrocryptoides shikokuenais Uchida. Orig. desig.
Pseudischnus Walkley, 1954. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 44: 219.
Type-species: Ischnus oregotiensif; Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
The members of this moderate-sized Holarctic genus apparently parasitize sawflies and
cocoon spinning Lepidoptera.
Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 189 (generic syn.).
erasus (Townes). Alta.
216
Habrocryptoides erasus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
(pt. 3): 175. 9.
inflexus (Townes). Calif.
Habrocrtipfoide.H inflexus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 177. 9.
lumbarius Townes. Calif.
Habrocryptoides lumbarius Townes, 1962 In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 174. 9.
luctuosus luctuosus (Cresson). Que. w. to s. Yukon, s. to N. Y., S. Dak., Colo., CaHf. Host:
Trichiosowa triangulum Kirby, Zaraea inflata Nort., sawfly on Tsuga hcterophyla. C.
luctuosus atrifetiiur (Townes) occurs in Japan and C. luctuosus holalpinus (Heinrich)
occurs in Europe. In the tribal revision of Townes and Townes (1962), the latter was
treated as a synonym of Cryptus luctuosus subquadratus Thomson. A bizarre situation
developed when van Rossem (1969) treated holalpinus as an alpine subspecies of
Cryptus luctuosus distinct from luctuosus subquadratus, followed by Townes (1970)
treatment of subquadratus as a species not congeneric with luctuosus holalpinus;
Townes (1970) placed subquadratus in Itanioplex (=Cryptus), while placing luctuosus
and its subspecies in Caenocri/ptus. Both van Rossem (1969) and Townes (1970) had
studied the lectotype of Cryptus subquadratus.
Cryptus luctuosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 290. 9.
(Itaiuoplex) ebenus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and
Nat. Hist.
Agrothereutes
Survey Bui. 22: 333. 9.
Cryptiis caligatus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 2. 9.
Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 364-366. —Townes, 1970. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 12: 190.
oregonensis (Cushman). S. Dak., Wyo., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion
tsugae Midd.
Ischnus oregonensis Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 392. 6, 9.
Habrocryptoides oregonensis coxalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes,
U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 167. 9. N. syn. Described from a single female.
pictus Townes). Ariz.
Mus. Bui. 216
Habrocryptoides pictus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Lanugo Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 259.
Type-species: Cryptus retenfor Brulle. Orig. desig.
This small genus is Nearctic and Neotropic. The type-species has been reared from cocoons of
Megalopygidae.
bicincta Townes. Kans.
Lanugo bicincta Townes, 1962. Ln Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
270. 9.
Revision: van Rossem, 1971. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 114: 201-208 (European spp.).
Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 167, 169 (fig. and key to distinguish from
Meringopus). — Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 192-193 (referred
additional spp. to genus). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 239 (syn. corrected).
crassifemur (Pratt). Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Cryptus craKnifoimr Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 582. 6, 9.
dorsicarinata (Pratt). Alta. s. to Colo, and Ariz., w. to Alaska and Calif.
Cryptus dorsicari)iatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 612. 6, 9.
laborator (Thunberg). Greenland; Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Wis., S.
Dak., N. Mex., and Calif.; n. Eurasia. Host: Melanolopliia imitata (Wlk.). The description
of laborator given by van Rossem (1971) shows that Cryptus altonii Dalla Torre should
be suppressed as a synonym rather than being recognized as a subspecies of laborator
on the basis of the distinguishing characters used in the tribal revision of Townes and
Townes (1962).
Ichneumon laborator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Cryptus proxi)Nus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 290. 9. Preocc. by Fonscolombe,
1850. N. syn.
Cryptus fuli'ipes Magretti, 1884. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 16: 99. 6.
Cryptus Altonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 560. N. name for C. proxintus
Cresson.
Cryptus/ saclialinensis Matsumura, 1911. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Col. Agr., Jour. 4 (1): 95. 9.
Cryptus tarsoleums var. takagii Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour.
25: 306. J.
Tracliysphyrus laborator satoi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 209. 9. N. syn. Described from a single specimen from Korea.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 180-181 (syn.).
lochmaia (Townes). Ariz. Ecology: Occurs in chaparral areas.
Tracliysphyrus lochiiiaius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):216. 6,9.
perplexa (Cresson), revised status. Idaho, w. Nev., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes and
Townes (1962) treated perplexa as a subspecies of laborator. In one paragraph they
stated that "intergrades between [perplexa] ... and altonii [now a syn. of laborator] are
moderately common where the ranges of the two are adjacent or overlap." In a
subsequent paragraph they stated that perplexa "intergrades with the subspecies
altonii rather freely in western Idaho and near the crest of the Sierra Nevada." The
kinds of localities from which they record both taxa lead me to believe that the
specimens they regarded as intergrades actually were not.
Cryptus proxinius var.? perplexus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30:
359. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 213-214.
Cryptus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 70. Preocc. by Jurine, 1801 and Panzer,
1804.
Type-species: Cryptus viciuatorius Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1837.
Eucryptus Haldeman, 1842. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1: 191. N. name for Cryptus
"(Hal.)," presumably Haliday. Haliday (1839) used the name Cryptus for Ichneumonidae
in a paper describing insects whose names had been published as nomina nnda by
Curtis (1837), who used the abbreviation "Hal." for Haliday and suppressed "Cryptus B.
E." as a synonym of the sawfly name Scizocerus and used Cryptus "F[abricius]" for
Ichneumonidae.
462 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 562-661. —van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent.
112: 229-375 (western Palearctic spp.).
Taxonomy: Jurine, 1801. In Panzer, Intell. Blatt. Litt.-Ztg. Erlangen 21: 163. —Panzer, 1804.
Fauna Ins. German, fasc. 88, pi. 17. —Curtis, 1837. Guide Arrang. Brit. Ins., ed. 2, columns
81-115. -Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 114-116. -Hemming, 1939; 1945.
Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations Rendered 2: 7-12 (Opinion
135); 2: 256 (Opinion 157).
albitarsis (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to w. N. W. T., s. to S. C, Ala., Tex., and
Calif.; Mexico, Costa Rica. Host: Heliothis zeae (Bod.), Macronoctua onusta Grt.,
Grapliolitha ))iolesfa (Bsk.), Psorosina hanimondi (Riley), Tetralopha robustella Zell.
According to van Rossem (1969), albitarsis may be conspecific with the Eurasian C.
dia)iae Gravenhorst.
Ichneumon vinctus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 70. 6.
Preocc. by Schrank, 1781.
Ischnus albitarsis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3 (June): 194. 6.
Cryptus aniericanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3 (Sept.): 297. 9.
Cryptus nigricalceatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 77. 6.
Cryptus nigricornis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 201. i. Preocc.
by Brulle, 1846.
Nematopodius coxatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 269. S.
Hoplismenus u/^por Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 3. "6" = 9.
Cryptus bicolor Smith, 1879. Descr. New Spp. Hym. in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 231. 9. Preocc.
by Lucas, 1846. N. syn.
Cryptus monticola Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent. -Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 203. 9. Preocc. by
Wesmael, 1840. N. syn.
Cryptus argentifrons Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 204. 6. N. syn.
Cryptus coloradensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 408. 9. N. syn.
Spilocryptus canarsiae Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 124. 6.
Cryptus Eggeri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 569. N. name for bicolor Smith. N.
syn.
Cryptus perneri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 585. N. name for nigricornis
Provancher.
Cryptus coHsobrinus Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 225. 9. N. syn.
Crypfus inoniatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 612. 9. N. syn.
p. 57. 6, 9.
Cryptus lutescens Tschek, 1872. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 22: 234. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 463
Taxonomy: Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 17, 18 (fig. and differences from leeclti Mason),
-van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 368 (syn.).
aridus Pratt. Colo., B. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif.
Cryptiis andiis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 618. 9.
crassulus Pratt. Que., Mich.
Crypt us crassulus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 586. 9.
krombeini (Townes). W. Va.
Trachysphyrus krowbeini Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):243. 9.
latigenalis Pratt. Mont., Colo. Host: Loxostege sfidicalis (L.).
Cryptus latigenalis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 611. 9.
Biology: Ullyett, 1949; 1950. Canad. Ent. 81: 285-299; 82: 1-11 (misidentified as inoniatus
Pratt).
leech! Mason. Northeastern N. W. T.; n. Greenland.
Cryptus leechi Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 17. S, 9.
mentigus Townes. Colo., N. Me.x., Ariz., Alaska, Yukon, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Trachysphyrus mentigus mentigus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 234. d, 9. Described from eight specimens from two localities in
Arizona.
Trachysphyrus )nentigus rufator Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 235. 9. Described from one specimen from California. N. syn.
Trachysphyrus mentigus rhodomerus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 235. d, 9. Because this form had by far the largest range
(including Ariz, and Calif.) of the three forms of mentigus described by Townes it seems
unusual that he did not make it the nominate form. N. syn.
minimus Pratt. Sask. s. to N. Mex., w. to Alta., e. Wash., e. Oreg., and Nev.
Cryptus minimus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 619. 9.
moschator iroquois (Viereck). Que. s. to N. J., w. to Mich, and Ohio. C. moschator moschator
(Fabricius) is European.
Agrothereufes (Itamoplex) iroquois Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 333. 9.
mutatus Pratt, revised status. Western Minn., e. S. Dak., Colo., s. Alta., Idaho, s. B. C, Wash.,
Oreg., Calif. In their tribal revison, Townes and Townes (1962) treated
mutatjis as one
of three sympatric western subspecies of albitarsis (Cresson).
Cryptus curticaudus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 627. 9.
Cryptus mutatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 634. S, 9.
ocellaris Pratt, revised status.Western Nev., Oreg., Calif. In the tribal revision of Townes and
Townes (1962), ocellaris was treated as a sympatric subspecies of aridus Pratt. Because
these authors said that they had not seen any intergrades between the two taxa,
ocellaris is here treated as a distinct species instead of being suppressed as a synonym
of aridus.
Cryptus ocellaris Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 617. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 70, 73. —Townes, 1970
(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 194.
Revision: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 536-540 (as Cryptoideus).
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1885. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (6) 5: 18. —Thomson, 1897. Opusc. Ent. 11:
2363. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 11: 387, 439.
agrili (Viereck). Ont., W. Va., Mich., Kans. Host: Agrilus horni Kerr., A. vittaticollis Rand.
Both of these hosts are root borers and pupate a short distance above the ground in the
stems of their hosts.
Xylophruridea agrili Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 646. 9.
Biology: Brooks, 1914. Jour. Agr. Res. 1923. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent,
3: 184. —Brooks,
Monthly Let 108: 3. -Carlson, 1969. Amer. Ent Inst, Contrib. 4 (3): 39.
bicolor bicolor (Cushman). Colo., Alta., Idaho, Alaska, B. C. Host: Oberea sp. on Salix,
Saperda )uoesta LeC. The type locality is Fort Collins, Colo. (Holotype collected in May,
[1896?] by C. F. Baker).
Cryptoideus bicolor Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 537. 9.
bicolor maurus Townes. Man. Host: Agrilus horni Kerr.
Que., Ont., Mich.,
Xylophrurus bicolor maiirus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt 3): 483. 6, 9.
fasciatus fasciatus (Ashmead). Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Mich., Tex. Host: Agrilus conjlicola
Fisher, A. Iiorni Kerr.
BrachycentrmfasciatuH Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 413. 9.
Cryptoideus rufus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 538. 9.
fasciatus hesperus Townes. Colo., Ariz., Calif. Host: Agrilus angel iciis Horn.
XylophriiriiH fasciafuK hexpeniN Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 481. 6,9.
nubilipennis abdominalis Townes. Sask., Utah, B. C.
Xylophnints nubilipennis abdominalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 42 (validation of name Cryptoideus
and misidentification of its type-species). —Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 539
Reptatrix Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 276.
Revision: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 165-199 (European spp. plus some Asian
ones).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970.(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 201-202 (list of Nearctic spp.).
asymmetricus asymmetricus (Pratt). Sask. w. to B. C, s. to Colo., n. Ariz., and n. Calif.
Cryptus asymmetricus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 587. 6,9.
asymmetricus mirabilis (Pratt). Southern Calif.
Cryptus mirabilis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 589. 9.
calescens robustus (Cresson). Northern Man. w. to Alaska, s. to n. N. Mex., Utah, and n. Calif.
Ecology: Occurs near timberline in grassy areas with scattered conifers. M. c. calescens
466 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
(Gravenhorst) occurs in Europe and part of Asia and M. c. alaicus (Townes) occurs in
Cryptus relatirus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 359. 9.
Cryptus pictifrons Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 360. 6.
Cryptus violaceipennis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 408. 6, 9. Preocc.
by Brulle, 1846. N. syn.
Cryptus leucopus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 409. 6. Apparently
preocc. in Cryptus by Ichneumon leucopus Gmelin, 1790. /. leucopus Gmelin was placed
as a synonym of Cryptus tarsoleucus (Schrank) by Gravenhorst (1829), and Townes
(1970) placed tarsoleucus in Itanioplex (=Cryptus). Neither tarsoleucus nor /. leucopus
Gmelin was mentioned by van Rossem (1969) in his revision of the European species of
Cryptus. N. syn.
Cryptus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 581. N. name for C. violaceipennis
Nit.fcliei
Ashmead. N. syn.
Cryptus eleucopus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup.
1, p. 46. N. name for C. leucopus Ashmead. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 449.— Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst, Mem. 12: 192.
tejonensis (Cresson). Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to Alaska and Calif. In the tribal revision of
Townes and Townes (1962) two subspecies with broadly overlapping ranges were
recognized.
Cryptus tejonensis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 360. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 467
Cry plus nifopedibus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 597. 9. Name invalid; dative
grammatical case.
Cryptu.s niiniicKs Pratt, 1945.Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 607. 6, 9. N. syn.
Cryptus temporalis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 609. 6, 9. N. syn.
Cryptu.s rugulosHs Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 615. 9. N. syn.
vancouverensis (Harrington). Southwestern B. C, w. Oreg., w. Calif. Host: Malacosovia sp.
Cryptus vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 211. 9.
Taxonomy: Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 556. —Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.
83: 25.
Northwestern B. C.
apicalis Townes. s. to Calif., e. to Idaho, Colo., and N. Me.x.
Compsocryptus apicalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):291. 6,9.
aridus Townes. Wyo., Colo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif.
Couipsocryptus aridus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Nalt. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):289. d, 9.
buccatus (Cresson). Tex.; Mexico.
Cryptus buccatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 159. 6,9.
calipterus (Say). Northwestern Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. In their tribal
revision, Townes and Townes (1962) treated the majority of specimens from Calif, as
subspecifically distinct, but because the differences seem to be more or less clinal the
subspecies are not recognized here.
Cryptus calipterus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 234. 9.
Cryptus fulvus Taschenberg, 1876. Ztschr. f. Gesam. Naturw. 48: 66. 6.
Ichnemnon viunerosus Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 159. 6.
Ca)np.90cryptus{]) brevicor)iis Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 127. 9.
Cryptus {MansaH political ypterus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 293. 6.
crotchii (Cresson). Calif.
Cryptus crotchii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 362. 6, 9.
fletcheri (Provancher). Western Idaho, n. Utah, s. B. C, Oreg., n. Calif. C.fletclieri may not be
distinct from C. fnrbatus (Cresson) (see Townes and Townes [1962]).
Cryptus Fletcheri Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 361. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 298.
468 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
SUBTRIBE HEMIGASTRINA
It is may World genera Hemigaster, Litochila, and Mansa are unrelated to
belief that the Old
the genera here placed in the Aptesini and are most likely related to some of the eleven genera
placed in the subtribe Baryceratina by Townes (1970) (compare Townes and
Townes [1962]).
Townes (1970) said it is almost certain that the genera he has grouped in the Baryceratina are
not all related but are associated for convenience partly on convergent characters resulting from
the habit of attacking cocoons of Limacodidae. Only three of the genera of Hemigastrina occur
in the New World, and only two of these have North American species.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 12 (list of genera
placed in Baryceratina). -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 120-121,
205-215.
SUBTRIBE MESOSTENINA
Genus CRYPTANURA Brulle
Except for the three species known to occur in North America, this very large genus is
Neotropic.
Revision: Cushman, 1945. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 139-176.
banchiformis (Megerle). Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex. In their tribal revision,
Townes and Townes (1962) say that "the sting of this species is moderately severe and
of long duration; one sting received by the senior author [while collecting] was still
painful on the night of the third day."
Ichneumon Banchifonnis Megerle, 1802. App. ad Cat. Ins., Quae Mense Novembris 1802
Vienne Austriae Auctionis Lege Vendita Fuere, p. 16. [male].
Mesostenus spinarius Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 227. 9.
Mesostenus albopidus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 312. 6. Preocc. by Smith,
1858.
Mesostenus Delawarensis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 540. N. name for M.
albopictus Cresson.
compacta (Cresson). Southern Tex.; Mexico, Honduras.
Mesostenus (Mesostenus) conipactus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 153. 9.
Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 40-50. -Porter, 1973. Acta Zool.
Lilloana [Tucuman] 30: 227-267 (South American spp.).
Taxonomy: Porter, 1974. Acta. Zool. Lilloana [Tucuman] 31: 27-46 (additions to 1973
revision).
albinotatus promptus Cresson. N. B. w. to B. C, s. to w. N. C, S. Dak., Colo., and n. Calif. M.
liogaster Townes. Western N. W. T., Sask., Wyo., Idaho, B. C, Oreg., Calif.; Mexico.
Mesostenns liogoster Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 440. d, 9.
longicaudis Cresson. N. Y., Minn., Nebr., and n. Calif., s. to S. C, Tex., and s. Calif.; Mexico.
Host: Loxostege aticticalix (L.).
MesostoiUK longicaudis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 164. 9.
Mexosteniis niacilmttus Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 210. 3.
Mesoxteiius gracilipes Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 365. 9.
Coleocentrus texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 444. 9.
Mesoxte)tH>f )H(icrHrux Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 544. Unnecessary n. name for
M. longicaudis Cresson, which is not preocc. by M. longicauda Brulle, 1846.
Nonatopodius exclavtans Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 318. 9.
melanurus Cushman. Alta. Known only from the holotype.
Mesoxteniis welanunis Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 47. 9.
sicarius Townes. N. C, Tex., s. Alta., Mont., Colo., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Distribution
seems to correlate with that of cacti of the genus Opuntia; one specimen emerged from
a cocoon found in a cactus stem.
Menostenus sicarius Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 448. 6,9.
thoracicus Cresson. Que. w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., and s. Calif. Host: Acrobasis betulella
Hulst, A. caryivorella Rag., Macrobofys theseusalis (Wlk.), Phlyctaenia extricalis (Gn.).
Mesostenns thoracicus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 314. 6,9.
Mesostenus erythrogaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 406. 6.
Polycyrtus is a very large genus of the New World. Only one species is known from the
Nearctic Region, but in view of the number of species known from Mexico and Cuba, it seems
likely that additional species will be found in the southern U. S.
SuBTRiBE GORYPHINA
This subtribe includes 33 genera, 29 of which are restricted to the Old World. Only three of
the genera occurring in the New World have Nearctic species.
Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 29-37 (Nearctic spp.).
acadia Cushman. Md. s. to Fla., w. to Mo. and Tex.; Mexico.
Diapetiniorpha acadia Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 35. 6, 9.
472 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Townes (1970) recognized five subgenera, two of which have Nearctic species. In their tribal
revision, Townes and Townes (1962) erroneously treated the name Listrognathus as being of
feminine gender. If one chooses to ignore the provision in the Code (art. 30, [a], [i], [3]) regarding
the genders of Greek generic names latinized with a change in termination, it is inconsistent to
also ignore the scholarly work of Hopper (1959). Hopper regarded Listrognathus as masculine,
which is apparently explained by his statement that "a large proportion of the compounds of
Greek nouns are adjectives by Greek grammar and may be either masculine or feminine and ....
in such cases the gender must be considered to be determined by the first species included
whose name is of definite gender" (in this case L. comidus Tschek).
Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 15-22.
Taxonomy: Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61 (4): 158, 166 (nomenclature). —Townes,
1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 12: 259-262.
paludatus ocularis Townes. Ariz. Described from one specimen from the Chiricahua Mts.
Listrognathus (Fenestula) paludata ocularis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 411. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 473
paludatus paludatus (Cresson). Mich., w. Ohio, 111., Minn., Man., Te.x., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex.,
Yukon, Alaska, B. C, Oreg. Host: C crura cinerea Wlk.
MesoHteniis paludatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 162. 6.
Listrognaihufi agnatu.n Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 21. 9.
nubilipennis (Cresson). N. C, Ga. Ecology: According to Porter (1963) this species occurs in
cypress swamps. L. nubilipennis was known to Townes and Townes (1962) only from
the female holotype; Porter (1963) discussed two males and two females collected on the
North Carolina coastal plain.
MesosteuHs nubilipennis Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 205. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 416. —Porter, 1963.
Ent. News 74: 19-21.
According to Townes (1970) this genus is Neotropic, Nearctic, and eastern Palearctic and
in-
SUBTRIBE LYMEONINA
Genus MALLOCHIA Viereck
strigosa (Cresson). Tex., Ariz.? In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) were
uncertain that the female from Ariz, which they identified as strigosa was really
conspecific with the male holotype from Texas.
Mesoleptiisf strigosns Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. 6.
Except for four Nearctic species, this very large genus is Neotropic. The females oviposit
into
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 89 (syn.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 475
Except for the widely distributed type-species which ranges into the Nearctic Region, this
moderately large genus is Neotropic.
pertinax (Cresson). Md. s. to Fla., w. to Tex.; Mexico, West Indies, Honduras, Panama,
Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay. Townes and Townes (1962) said that pertinax "appears to
overwinter in southern Florida and near Brownsville, Tex., and to work northward each
season."
MetiONfenus pertinax Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 163. 9.
Phytodietns ornatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 431. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 98 (syn.).
Biology: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 405.
46: 382.
Polycyrtidea Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
Type-species: Polycyrtidea gracilis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Except for one species that ranges into the southern tip of Texas and one that occurs in Fla.,
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 288.
The species of this small New World genus are parasites of Polist eft larvae.
Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 55-57.
fulvus (Cresson). N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to s. B. C. and Calif.; Cuba, Mexico. Host: Polistes
auniilaris (L.), P. apachiis Sauss., P. Carolina (L.), P. cubensis Lep., P.fuscatiis
fuficatus (F.).
Mesostenua^ fulvun Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 316. 6.
Mesosfenns arvalin Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 163. 9.
[Meaostenux] Menostenuti collarit^ Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 162. 3.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 96 (syn.).
Biology: Dow, 1932. Psyche 39: 16. —Gaul, 1940. Canad. Ent. 70: 240-242. — Rau, 1941. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 364.
stupidus (Cresson). N. C. s. to Fla., w. to s. 111. and Tex.; West Indies and Mexico s. to South
America; Hawaii. Host: Polintes annularis (L.), P. canadensis (L.), P. exclanians Vier.,
P. fuscatits fuscatus (F.).
[Mesostenus] Mesostenus stupidus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 162. 6.
Pachysonia alhopictuni Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 290. 9.
Polistiphaga zonata Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 56. 9.
SUBTRIBE CERATOCRYPTINA
Of the 18 genera, 16 are confined to the Old World tropics.
Chaviula Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 430.
Type-species: [Mesostenus] Polycrytus reliquus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This genus includes the type-species and an undescribed species from Venezuela.
SUBTRIBE OSPRYNCHOTINA
Most of the nine genera are tropical, and the hosts are larvae of wasps which make nests en-
tirely or partly of mud.
Type-species: Banchns aequatus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig. The type-species
was misidentified by Ashmead, who based his description of Agathohanchits upon
specimens of Agathilla bradleyi (Viereck) (see Cushman and Gahan, 1921).
This small genus is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. The hosts are larvae of Eu-
menidae and Sphecidae.
Revision: Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soe. Amer., Ann. 43: 249-261.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158-159.
Cryptus junceus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 295. 9. N. syn.
Atractodes Cloutieri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 150. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158. —Townes, 1944. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 296-297. —Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 258-259. —Townes
and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 474.
overlapped by the southern end of the range of s. niger, which casts doubt upon'the
validity of the distinction between them.
Cryptus excelsus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. 6,9.
Acroric7ius stylator axilaris Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 259. 9. Synonymy
based upon data in the tribal revision of Townes and Townes (1962). N. syn.
stylator niger Mitchell. Alta. s. to Colo. w. to B. C, e. Wash., e. Oreg., and Utah.
Acroricnus stylator niger Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 253. 6, 9.
stylator stylator (Thunberg). Western N. W. T., n. B. C; Eurasia.
Ichneumon stylator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 265
(key); 9: 320. [male].
Cryptus niacrobatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 440. 6,9.
Acroricnus Schauniii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstinsecten, v. 3, p. 92. 6.
Xenodocon ruficornis Foerster, 1855. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 12: 237. 9.
478 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Macrobatufi clavator Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 50.
Unnecessary n. name for Cryptux ))iacrobatHs Gravenhorst.
stylator townesi Mitchell. N. Mex., Ariz.
AcroricuHH Htylator townesi Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 256. 6, 9.
SUBTRIBE GABUNIINA
The members of thought to be parasitic upon wood-boring Coleoptera and
this subtribe are all
Lepidoptera. Only two of the 23 genera have Nearctic species.
Cryptohelcostizus caudatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 511. 9.
chrysobothridis Cushman. Okla. Host: Chrysobothris sp. in Mains pnmila.
Cryptohelcostizus chrysobothridis Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 358. 9.
dichrous Viereck. N. J., Va., N. C, Ga., Mo., Tex.
Cryptohelcostizus dichrous Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 73. 6, 9.
fumipennis Townes. Ariz.
Cryptohelcostizus fu})iipennis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 507. 9.
genalis Townes. Calif.
Cryptohelcostizus goialis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):507. 9.
leiomerus Townes. Calif.
Cryptohelcostizus leiomerus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 506. 9.
maculosus Townes. Calif. Ecology: The holotype emerged from Prosopis.
Cryptohelcostizus maculosus Townes, 1962. /)( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 512. 9.
nigricans Townes. Ariz.
Cn/ptohelcosfizus nigricans Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 508. 6,9.
ornatus Cushman. Southern Ariz., Calif. Host: Chrysobothris deserta Horn. The type locality is
Death Valley.
Cryptohelcostizus ornatus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 359. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 479
SUBTRIBE SPHECOPHAGINA
This subtribe includes the Holarctic genus Sphecophaga and two other genera which are
The hosts are pupae of Vespinae or Polistinae.
restricted to the Old World.
Sphecophaga Westwood, 1840. Introduct. Mod. Classif. Ins., v. 2, Synopsis Genera Brit.
Ins., p. 57.
Type-species: A)io)naloh cespanoii Curtis. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Chrijono))iOH Desvignes, 1856. Cat. Brit. Ichn., p. 47.
Type-species: Anoitialoii respanitu Curtis. Monotypic.
Cacotro'pa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208.
Type-species: Cacotropa sericea Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1888. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. vespariDn
I'espariDii (Curtis).
Europe. Both diapausing and nondiapausing larvae may develop on the same host
in
pupa presumably from eggs deposited by a single v. burra female. Only females develop
from nondiapausing larvae, and they usually differ somewhat in coloration from females
which develop from diapausing larvae. Nondiapausing larvae spin a delicate, white
cocoon, while diapausing larvae spin a tough, brown one.
Eucero.s burriis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 104. 9.
Sphecophagml'V praedator Zabriskie, 1894. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 2: 84. 6, 9.
Biology: Couper, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 52-53. -Zabriskie, 1894. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour.
2: 81, 86.
— Cushman, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 10-11. —
Schmieder, 1939. Ent. News 50:
92-97, 125-131. -Leech, 1954. Pan-Pacific Ent. 30: 80.
Cryptm Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 203. "S"= 6, 9. Que.
niiindiis
Barron (1975) said that the lectotype (no. 245 in second collection of Provancher) keyed
to Cryptus ruralis Pratt, a species not known from Quebec. Townes' (1944) placement of
niiDidiis as a synonym of C. persiviilis Cresson was based upon specimen no. 189 in
Provancher's first collection (personal commun.. Dr. H. K. Townes, 1975).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 280. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
511-512.
Subfamily ACAENITINAE
Revision: Cushman and Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 57: 503-523. —Townes and
Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 544-579.
Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 159-179 (genera of world).
Tribe COLEOCENTRINI
This Holarctic and Oriental tribe includes six genera, only two of which have North American
species.
harringtoni Cushman. N. B., Que., N. H., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Ont., n.w. Mich., Minn.
Coleocentms canadensis Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 25: 29. 9. Preocc. in Coleocentnis
by Provancher, 1880.
Coleocentms harringtoni Cushman, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
57: 509. N. name for C. canadensis Harrington,
Tribe ACAENITINI
This tribe includes eighteen genera; only three of these occur in the New World, and none
occur in South America.
formosum (Cresson). Que. w. to s.w. Man., s. to s.e. Ga. Host: Bellamira scalaris (Say).
Arotes fomiosus Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 34. 6.
Spilopteron formosum australe Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 573. 6, 9. N. syn.
franclemonti Townes. N. B. w. to s. Man., s. to N. Y., s. Ohio, and Minn.
Bui. 216
Spilopteron franclemonti Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
(pt. 2):569. 6,9.
Yezoceryx Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 36.
This is a large Holarctic and Oriental genus; the majority of the species are Oriental.
Subfamily LYCORININAE
This is a small subfamily including three cosely related genera, only one of which occurs in the
New World.
Toxophowides Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 406. Manuscript name
cited in synonymy (i.e. nomen nudum). Townes (1970) regarded the name Toxophowides
as being validated by Viereck (1911); Townes opinion is (personal communication, 1975)
that because Cresson did not adopt this name (Cresson said that it was an MS name
which he had intended to use for the species he described on the following page as
Lycorinaf apicalis) it should be regarded as having been published in synonymy by
Cresson. Those who agree with the present Code regarding the publication date and
authorship of names which have been accepted as having been validated in synonymy,
possibly could regard Toxophowides as having been validated by Cresson.
Toxophoroides Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 195.
Type-species: Lifcorina^ apicalis Cresson. Monotypic and orig desig.
Chloral ijcorina Cushman. 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 9.
Type-species: Glypta scitula Cresson. Orig. desig.
This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.
scitulus (Cresson). N. Y., N. J., Md., D. C, Va., N. C, Fla., Ind., Ky., Tenn. Host: Acrobasis
juglandis (LeB.), Nephopteryx uvinella (Rag.), Tetralopha subcanalis (Wlk.), Arogalea
cristifasciella (Chamb.), Gelechia albisparsella (Chamb.), Ancylis comptana (Froel.),
"tineid" on apple, leaf feeder on Rubus alleghe)iiensis.
Glypta scitula Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 155. 9.
xanthozonatus (Ashmead). Southeastern N. C, s. Fla., Mo. Host: Tortricid on oak,
Subfamily COLLYRIINAE
Genus COLLYRIA Schiodte
coxator (Villers). N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., n. Va., Ont., Ohio; Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced.
Host: CephuH pycjntaeus (L.), Janus integer (Nort.). Despite repeated attempts to
establish coxator in western Canada in the 1930's on the native Cephus cinctus Nort., it
apparently no longer occurs there. Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) were apparently
the first authors to suppress Collyria calcitrator (Gravenhorst) as a synonym of
coxator, but Gravenhorst had placed calcitrator as a definite synonym of coxator in 1829
and uncharacteristically neglected to use the senior name.
Ichneumon coxator Villers, 1789. Caroli Linnaei Ent., v. 3, p. 193. Sex not indicated.
Bas.sus calcitrator Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 266. 9.
Pacliynierux puncticepa Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 734. 9.
Collyria calcitratrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 122. Emend.
Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 727-729. — Kerrich, 1936. Soc. Brit.
Ent., Trans. 3: 63. —Kerrich, 1936. Soc. Brit. Ent., Jour. 1: 124. —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 397-398.
Biology: Salt, 1931; 1932. Bui. Ent. Res. 22: 506; 23: 211-216. -Salt, 1934. Roy. Sbc. London,
Proc. (Ser. B) 114: 457-460. —Salt and Laing, 1935. Nature [London] 135: 792. —Walker,
1937. Parasitology 29: 477-503. -Walker, 1940. Bui. Ent. Res. 3: 551-573. —Smith, 1948.
Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 78: 39-44. —Smith, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 697-700.
Subfamily ORTHOPELMATINAE
Genus ORTHOPELMA Taschenberg
Orthopehiia Taschenberg, 1865. Ztsehr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. [Halle] 25: 137.
Type-species: Honiteles luteolator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Proedrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 147.
Type-species: Heniiteles luteolator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1889.
This the only genus in the subfamily; it is medium sized and Holarctic. The species are in-
is
ternal larval parasites of Cynipidae which make galls on Rosa, Rubus, and Ribes. Dr. John Bar-
ron has completed a revision of Orthopehna which will probably be published prior to the ap-
pearance of this catolog.
californicum Ashmead. Northern Calif. Host: Cynipid gallmaker on wild currant. According to
Ashmead, the syntypes were "reared in May, 1887, from a Rose gall," but the Koebele
notes the U. S. Natl. Museum say that they were reared from a cynipid which makes
in
Orthopehna californicum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6, 9.
coloradense Ashmead. Colo. Host: Diplolepis tuberculator (Ckll.).
Orthopehna coloradense Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 418. 9.
Orthopehna americanum Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life
3: 154. Nomen nudum (also on same page as "americana").
Thunberg on i^ey p. 271 (v. 8, 1822) and text p. 340 (v. 9, 1824). Although Thunberg
never indicated that any of his names were replacement names until he cited the names
being replaced in his 1824 text, it is imperative that we accept the fact that the
renamed species (such as P. mediator Fabricius) were included in Ichneumon by
Thunberg in his 1822 key. Otherwise, the numerous replacement names proposed in the
key must instead be treated as proposals of new species. The only practical course is to
continue to treat Thunberg's (1822; 1824) replacement names as such, particularly in
view of the fact that most of them have been unavailable because they were
unnecessarily proposed. Without having heard the foregoing argument. Dr. H. K.
Townes informed me (personal commun., 1975) that he would consider /. mediator
Thunberg to be available were it not for the fact that the combination /. mediator
(Fabricius) had been published by Jurine in 1807. I am not certain that the latter would
have any bearing on the question.
Hemitelen liiteolafor Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 826. cJ, 9.
Orthopelma minutum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. 9. The type
locality is Jamaica Plain, Mass. (not "Jamaica Plains, New York," as stated by Ashmead).
Orthopelwa romecola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6, 9. Notes in
the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the syntypes were reared from a cynipid gall on
rose sent to Washington, D. C. by H. K. Morrison, Ft. Grant, Ariz.
Orthopelma fhoinpsoni Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 157. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 267, 292.
occidentale Ashmead. Southwestern Wyo. Host: Diplolepis similis (Ash.).
Orthopelma occidentale Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6.
ovale (Provancher). Que., Alta.
Hemiteles omlis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 332. 6,9.
Subfamily ICHNEUMONINAE
The Ichneumoninae is the second largest of ichneumonid subfamilies (only the Cryptinae
being larger). The species are all internal parasites of Lepidoptera. The females of some species
oviposit into larvae and some into fresh pupae, but the progeny always emerge from the pupa.
The sexual dimorphism in structure and color is often marked, but the differences between spe-
cies often are subtle, which not infrequently causes difficulty in identification and association of
the sexes.
Historically, the Ichneumoninae have been divided into categories having names that were not
derived from those of included genera. The names cyclopneusticae and particularly stenop-
neusticae are two which persist to some extent in current literature. The cyclopneusticae is com-
posed of the Alomyini and Phaeogenini, while the stenopneusticae includes the remainder of the
tribes of Ichneumoninae. The species of cyclopneusticae are parasites of microlepidoptera, while
those of stenopneusticae generally parasitize macrolepidoptera. Accordingly, the species of
cyclopneusticae are generally smaller than those of stenopneusticae.
Heinrich (1961-1962) published a revision of the stenopneusticae which applies mostly to
northeastern North America. Many of the subspecies recognized or described in that work or its
supplements (Heinrich, 1969-1976) are not recognized here, often because they merely represent
ends and intermediate portions of clines. In some cases synonymy of these subspecific names is
based upon specimens in the U. S. National Museum collection. In a few cases, subspecies are
placed in synonymy because they are based upon too few specimens to demonstrate that they
deserve recognition (particularly when there is no zoogeographical reason for expecting sub-
speciation).
Revision: Heinrich, 1961-1962 (Phaeogenini excluded). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 1-87 (1961
[I960]); 18: 89-205 (1961 [I960]); 21: 207-368 (1961); 23: 369-505 (1961); 26: 507-671 (1962);
27: 675-802 (1962); 29: 803-886 (1962). -Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 887-925
(addenda, corrigenda, host-parasite list, and indices for Heinrich, 1961-1962). —Heinrich,
1969-1976. Nat. Canad. 96: 935-963 (1969); 98: 959-1026 (1971); 99: 173-211 (1972); 100:
461-465 (1973); 102: 753-782 (1976) (supplements to Heinrich, 1961-1962).
Taxonomy: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 279-283 (key to stenopneusticae found
overwintering as adult females, particularly in Ohio).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 485
Biology: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 270-279 (overwintering sites preferred by
stenopneusticae found overwintering as adult females, particularly in Ohio).
Tribe PHAEOGENINI
The members of this tribe are parasites of microlepidoptera. Townes and Townes (1973) per-
sisted in suppressing the name Phaeogenini as a synonym of Alomyini. Because this seems in-
consistent with their recognition of a tribe Heterischnini, the Phaeogenini are here regarded as
tribally distinct from the Alomyini.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 68-111. —Townes and
Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 219-221 (Ethiopian cat.).
SUBTRIBE HETERISCHNINA
Genus HETERISCHNUS Wesmael
HeterischuHs Wesmael, 1859. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Mem. 8: 83.
Type-species: Ichnemuon piilex Mueller. Monotypic.
RhexideriiiHs Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 192.
Type-species: Rhexidernius japonicus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1906.
Ponocentnis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 272.
Type-species: Ponocoitnis liuordi Provancher. Monotypic.
Isclinop.sidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 83: 77.
Type-species: IclDieionon tlioracicus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
AethiopisclniHs Heinrich, 1936. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 244. Name invalid
as of 1936 because neither of the two species names validated was designated as
type-species.
AetliiopisclniHs Heinrich, 1938. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 25: 127.
Type-species: Aethiopischnus olsoufieffi Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Species of this genus are known from the Holarctic and Ethiopian Regions.
SUBTRIBE PHAEOGENINA
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 415-423, 592-593
(cat. of E. Palearctic spp. and key to genera).
Gnathoxys Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 168.
Ta.xonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 83. —Perkins, 1962. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 416, 435. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 19: 220.
attenuatus (Provancher). Que., Conn., w. B. C. Because the range, "Atlantic to Cont. Divide in
Transit, and U. Austr. Zones," given by Townes and Townes (1951) conflicts with the
type-localities of two of their synonyms, one is inclined to doubt the correctness of their
synonymy and to wonder about the sort of data they generally used to make their
sweeping generalizations about the ranges of species.
Phygadeuon attenuatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no. 156):
359. 9. Barron (1975) said that the lectotype selected by Rohwer and Gahan (1918) is
now represented only by the pin and labels.
Phaeogenes sectus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 358. 6.
Herpestonnis flavicoxae Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 210. S.
Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) taeniatus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 335, 336. 6.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 135. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 279. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
430, 563.
clypeatus (Cresson). Maine s. to N. C, w. to 111.
Stilpnus clypeatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. 6.
gelechiae (Ashmead). N. H., N. Y., Ont., Ohio. Host: Gnorinioschema gallae.'^olidaginis (Riley).
Phaeogenes gelechiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 392. 6, 9.
missouriensis (Ashmead). D. C, Mo. Ecology: The holotype of the synonym Phaeogenes
honiteloides was reared together with the type series of Eniphyti)ia pallidiscapa
Rohwer (1911) (a synonym oi Anietastegia recens [Say]) from beneath the bark at the
base of a black birch {Betula nigra).
Phaeogenes missouriensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 393. 9.
Phaeogenes heniiteloides Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 393. 9.
Taxonomy: Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 401 (discussion of Bureau of
Entomology notes).
pacificus (Ashmead). Md., W. Va., Alta., Calif.
Ischyrooionis pacificus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 199. 9 (male misdet).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 487
ruficornis (Ashmead). Mo.? The holotype bears a label with what is apparently the illegible
name of a collector and another label reading "Collection C. V. Riley;" as often as not,
Ashmead was incorrect concerning localities for specimens in the Riley collection.
Phaeogenes riificonnx Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 394. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 420 (syn.).
helvolus (Cresson). Eastern Que. s. to Va., w. to Sask., Colo., and Tex. Host: Spargmiothis
sulfureana (Clem.), Endothenia hebesana (Wlk.).
Ichneumon helrolus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 312. 9.
Ichneumon Magdalensis Provancher, 1890. Nat. Canad. 19: 248. 6.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 205.
marginatus (Provancher). N. Y., N. J., Md., Ont., Alta.
Phygodeuon marginatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 56.
6.
subtilicornis (Gravenhorst). Ont., Ohio, Ind., N. Dak., Kans., Utah, Wash., Oreg.; Eurasia. Host:
Phttella xylostella (L.). Cushman (1935) suppressed Herpestomus plutellae Ashmead as
a synonym of subtilicornis, and, after comparing North American and European
specimens, I have concluded that Townes (1944) was
incorrect in resurrecting plutellae
from synonymy. Phaeogenes japonicus Ashmead was erroneously suppressed as a
synonym of subtilicornis by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965).
Ichneumon subtilicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 592. 9.
Diadromus imbellis Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem.
18" 209 9
Herpestomus plutellae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 396. S.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 548. —Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 305. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 420.
pinifolii Mason. Alta., Calif. Host: Coleotechnites milleri (Bsk.), C. starki (Free.).
Aethecerus pinifolii Mason, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 145. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 489
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 40. -Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63:
109.
Phaeoge)ies Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 180.
Type-species: Phaeogenea priniarius Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. seviivulpiniis (Gravenhorst).
Diwphanes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 183.
Type-species: Phygadeuon (Dirophanes) plesius Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1912.
TycheniH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 192.
Type-species: Phaeogenes elongating Thomson. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Pwscus Holmgren, 1890 (1889). Ichn. Suecica, v. 3, p. 420.
Type-species: Phaeogenes ceplmlotes Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) distinguished Dirophanes from Phaeogenes, but the
characters they ascribed to Dirophanes in their key do not fit the type-species very well. Their
key also distinguishes Phaeogenes in the strict sense from "species placed in Phaeogenes with a
query," but because the latter category includes most of the species presently in Phaeogenes
it
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959.Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 99-111. —Perkins, 1962.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 11: 461. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 5: 593.
arogae Gittens and Henry. Idaho, Oreg. Host: Aroga websteri Clarke.
Phaeogenes arogae Gittens and Henry, 1966. Biol. Soc. Nev., Occas. Papers 12: I. 6, 9.
ater Cresson. Que. s. to Miss., w. to Oreg. Host: Podosesia syringae (Harris), Synanthedo7i
exitiosa (Say), S. pyri (Harris), S. scitula (Harris), S. tipuliformis (Clerck).
Phaeogenes ater Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 202. 9.
Amhlyteles macrocephalus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 34.
S.
cacoeciae Viereck. N. Y., Mich., Sask., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Alaska, B. C. Host: Archips
argyrospilus (Wlk.), Choristoneu)-a conflictana (Wlk.).
Phaeogenes cacoeciae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 66. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61: 625, 626-627.
cynarae Bragg. N. H. w. to Wash., s. to Va., Mo., and Calif. Host: Platyptilia sp., P.
carduidactyla (Riley).
Phaeogenes cynarae Bragg, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 58. 3, 9.
Biology: Lange, 1941. CaHf. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 653: 24, 67.
epinotiae Cushman. Maine. Host: Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.).
Phaeogenes epinotiae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 547. 6, 9.
490 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gaspesianus Provancher. N. S., Que., Maine, Ont., Ohio, Alaska, B. C, Oreg. Host: Acleris
variana (Fern.).
Phaeogenes Gasp€Hio)ius Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 331. 9.
Phaeogeves piwplokfeH Bradley, 1918. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 13: 98. 9.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 251.
gilvilabris Allen. N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wis. Host: Arcliips rom^iuti (L.), A. seniiferanus (Wlk.),
Sparga)iotlii.s pettifatia (Rob.).
Pliaeogenes gilrilabrin Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 627. <5, 9.
haeussleri Uchida. Sakhalin, Japan. Introduced in Conn., N. J., Md., N. C, S. C, and Ind.
between 1934 and 1939, apparently without becoming established. Host: Grapholifha
violesta (Bsk.). G. )iiolest(i was the target host for introductions of P. haeussleri in the
U. S. Uchida (1933) gave a redescription for what he believed to be Pliaeogenes
japonicHs Ashmead, and after learning that he had misidentified P. japonicus he
published the name haeussleri in reference to his misidentification.
Phaeogenes haeussleri Uchida, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 82-83. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 7: 155-156.
316.
Morphology: Iwata, 1958. Acta Hym. 1: 71 (ovarian egg). —Iwata, 1961. Acta Hym. 1: 137
(ovary and egg).
hebe (Cresson). N. Y., 111.
Ichneumon Hebe Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. 3,9.
hebrus (Cresson). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Wash.
Ichneumon hebrus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. 6, 9.
Phygadeuon insignis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 179. 9. Barron (1975) gave label
data for the holotype.
Ichneumon ustus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 154): 305 (key); 13 (no. 155): 324.
6 (9 misdet.). A lectotype was selected by Barron (1975).
Taxonomy: Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61: 625-626. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
490-491, 579.
laevigatus (Cresson). Colo.
Ichneumon laevigatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 176. 9. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1820; not renamed here because of taxonomic uncertainties.
Phaeogenes levigatus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 746. Unjustified emend.; preocc.
in Phaeogenes by I. laevigatus Cresson.
laricellae Mason. N. B., Ont., Wis., Oreg. Host: Argyresthia laricella Kft.
Phaeogenes laricellae Mason, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 3. S, 9.
Morphology: Eidt, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 32 (final-instar larva).
maculicornis hariolus (Cresson), n. status. N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to Mass., Mich., N. Mex., and
Oreg. Host: Acleris variana (Fern.), Argijrotaenia dorsolana Dyar, Choristoneura
conflictana (Wlk.), C.fumiferana (Clem.), C. occidentalis Free., C. pinus Free., Croesia
semipurpura)ia (Kft).
Ichneumon hariolus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 305. 9.
Phygadeuon (Bathyinefi.'i) spinicoxus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 289. 9. N.
syn.
Phygadeuon (Dirophanes) plesius Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 148. 9.
Biology: Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 251.
maculicornis maculicornis (Stephens). Europe. Introduced in Ont. in 1950, 1955, and 1956. At
the time of release it was not suspected that the Nearctic niaculicomis hariolus
(Cresson) was conspecific The target species for releases in Ont. was the native
Choristoneura fu)nifera)ia (Clem.).
Ichneumon macnlicornis Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 136. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 491
Phaeogenes f^cutellaris Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux
Mem. 18: 183. ?.
Taxonomy: Morley, 1902. Ent. Monthly Mag. 38: 119 (syn.). —Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 108.
mellinus (Provancher). Que. s. to N. J., w. to Mich, and Mo. Host: Ehhodios siibsignarius
(Hbn.), Arcliips semiferanus (Wlk.), Croesia se»iipurpurana (Kft.).
Phaeogenes »iellinus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 315. 9. Barron (1975) rejected the
"lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918), but thought the specimen fragment
he regarded as the holotype to be conspecific with the Gahan and Rohwer "lectotype".
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 39. —Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50:
133. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 507.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1932. In Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 6 (redescription of
adult).-Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent., Bui. 3: 133. -Allen, 1968. Ent. See.
Biology: Smith, 1932. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 21-45. —Baker, 1944. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 46: 134. -Baker. Bradley, and Clark, 1945. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 113-119.
— Arbuthnot, 1950. Jour. Econ. Ent. 43: 425.
1932.
Morphology: Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent, Bol. 4: 85-90. —Smith,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 5-21.
ophthaimicus americanus Allen. Colo., Wash. P. ophfhahnictis ophthahuiais Wesmael occurs
in
Europe.
Phaeogenes ophthahnicits a)iiericaniis Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 627. S, 9.
orbus Provancher. Que.
Phaeogenes orbus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 332. d.
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 41 (female
described).
osrufus (Davis). 111.
EurylabiiN osnifus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. 9.
Ennjlabus varufusC.) Nason, 1905. Ent. News 16: 148.
phycidis Ashmead, Que., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Minn. Host: Acrobasis betnlella Hist., A.
nibrifasciella Pack., A. silviella Ely.
Phaeogenes phycidis Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4:
169. 9.
Taxonomy: Morley, 1914. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 409. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc 63: 104.
walshiae Ashmead. N. J. s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans., and Miss. Host: Walshia "amorphella"
Clem., Ancylis cou/ptana (Froel.), Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.), Grapholitha molesta
(Bsk.), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), Phaloniidae.
In the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection there is a female specimen from Shady, Fla. having the
492 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Haden, 1935. Univ. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 194: 20-35.
Tribe GYRODONTINI
This is the Ichneumonini the sense of Heinrich and, in part, the Joppini in the sense of
in
Townes. It is a very large tribe of worldwide distribution. Heinrich (1967) divided the tribe into
five subtribes, four of which are represented in North America.
SUBTRIBE GYRODONTINA
Genus CRATICHNEUMON Thomson
Cratichiieumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc. Ent. 18: 1945.
Type-species: Iclnieumon luteiroitris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Lareiga Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 3: 13.
Type-species: Lareiga rufofeniorata Cameron. Monotypic.
Belargea Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 3: 15.
Type-species: Belargea albo))iaculata Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. rufofemorata (Cameron).
Odontojoppa Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System., Dipt. 3: 16, 177.
Type-species: Odontojoppa nietallica Cameron. Monotypic.
Sycaonia Cameron, 1903. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 51: 224.
Type-species: Sycaonia rufofacies Cameron. Monotypic.
Leptothecns Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 240.
Type-species: Leptothecns rufoniaculatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Tanyjoppa Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 4: 217.
Type-species: Tanyjoppa sanguineoplagiata Cameron. Monotypic.
Lissichneumon Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 227.
Type-species: Lissichneumon levis Cameron. Monotypic.
Ninibolareiga Heinrich, 1969 (1968). Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae
Stenopneusticae Africa So. of Sahara, v. 4, p. 933.
Type-species: Ninibolareiga rnenicapitis Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a very large and widely distributed genus which is particulary difficult taxononomi-
cally.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: 304 (generic syn.).
acronictae Heinrich. Que., Maine, N. ¥., N. C. Host: Acronicta sp.
Cratichneunion acronictae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 125. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 986-989 (male described and included in key).
anisotae Heinrich. Que. s. to Va., w. to Wis. Host: Anisota senatoria (J. E. S.), Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (F.).
Cratichneunion a^iisotae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 119. S, 9.
annulatipes (Provancher). Que. s. to D. C, w. to Mich, and Mo.
Phaeogenes annulatipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 43. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 493
Aniblyteles {Pierocor»ius) quintilis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 354, 357. 6.
Cratichneumon anmdatipes facetops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 147. 6. N.
syn.
arizonensis (Viereclt). Ariz. According to Heinrich (1961) this species is closely related to
takoinae Heinrich.
Ichneumon (Eurylabus) arizonensis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 295. 9.
ashmeadi (Schulz). Que., Maine, N. H., Colo., Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg.
Ichneumon imitator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 151. 6 Preocc. by
.
Villers,
1789.
Ichneumon Ashmeadi Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 128. N. name for /. imitator Ashmead.
astutus (Holmgren). Calif.
Ichneumon astutus Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 394.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 214 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent.
Sup. 18: 170.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
288.
erythroscuta Heinrich. Mass. Heinrich supposed that erythroscuta may prove to be the female
of C. vaccina Heinrich.
Cratichneumon erythroscuta Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 142. 9.
expers Heinrich. N. C, n. Fla., Miss.
Cratichneumon expers Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 178. 6, 9.
Cratichneumon expers circumflavidus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 180. 9. N. syn.
facetus (Cresson). R. I. s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and Ky.
Ichneumon facetus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 311. i.
494 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cratichneunion inxulae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 151. 9.
involutus (Cresson). Colo.
Ichneumon inrolutus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 183. 9.
naumanni Heinrich. Ga.
Cratichneniiion nau)nan)ii Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 994. 9.
nigritarius acerbus (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to S. Dak. and Colo.
Host: Isturgia tru)icataria (Wlk.), Protoboarinia porcelaria (Gn.), Semiothisa
sexmaculata (Pack.). C. nigritarius nigritarius ((jravenhorst) is Eurasian.
Ichneu7non acerbus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 293. S.
Ichneumon corvinus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 145. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149-150.
paraparatus Heinrich. N. Y., N. J., Md., N. C, S. C. Heinrich's description of paraparatus was
based upon 12 female specimens, apparently including the specimen ("neallotype") upon
which Heinrich (1961) based his description of what was presumed to be the female of
C. cinnulus (Cresson). Because the description of paraparatus was not accompanied by
the description of a female which could more definitely be associated with vinnulus
males, the status of the name paraparatus seems dubious.
Cratichneunion paraparatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 869. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 100, 138-140. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat.
(1960).
Canad. 98: 988 (key including male thought possibly to be conspecific with paraparatus).
paratus (Say). Que. s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Mo. Host: Lanibdina pellucidaria (G. and R.),
Heterocanipa guttivitta (Wlk.), H. nianteo (Dbidy.).
Ichneumon parata Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 68. i.
Ichneumon annulipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 170. 9.
Ichneumon pusillus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 3: 171. 9.
Cratichneunion paratus pseudovinnulus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 137.
i, 9. N. syn.
pertenuis Heinrich. Maine, N. Y.
Cratichneumon pertenuis Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 169. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 288. —Heinrich, 1959.
Ent. News 70: 214.
promptus (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. H., Man. Host: Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.).
Ichuentnoyi protnptus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 152. 6,9.
proximus (Cresson). N. Y. s. to Ala., w. to 111. Host: Syynmerista ca7iicosta Francl.
Ischnus proximus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 187. 6.
Ichneumon sagus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 294. 9 (male misdet.).
pseudanisotae Heinrich. N. Y., N. J., Md.
Cratichneunion pseudanisotae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 133. 9.
pteridisTownes. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., Man.,
Alaska. Host: Ectropis crepuscularia (D. and S.), Protoboarynia porcelaria (Gn.),
Semiothisa sp., Heterocaynpa gnttivitta (Wlk.).
Phygadeuon proximus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 283. 9. Preocc. in Cratichneunion
by Cresson, 1864.
Cratich)ieu)non pteridis Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 339. N. name for P.
proxi7nns Provancher.
puncticoxa Heinrich. Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., Mich.
Cratichneumon puncticoxa Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 133. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion in revised key).
ritus Heinrich. Maine, Va., N. C, Ont., Mich., Ind., Iowa. Host: Phigalia titea (Cramer).
Cratichneunion ritus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 143. 6, 9.
rubricoides Heinrich. Que., Maine, N. Y., N. C, Mich.
Cratichneumon rubricoides Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 165. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 990-991 (additional differences from rubriciis
[Provancher]).
rubricops Heinrich. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.
Cratichneumon rubricops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 167. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion of male in revised key).
rubricus (Provancher). P. E. I., Que., Maine, N. Y., Mich.
Phygadeuon rubricus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
358. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 989 (inclusion of male in revised key).
russatus (Cresson). Colo., Ariz., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes (1961) said that
russatus is probably a synonym of astutus (Holmgren).
Ichneumon russatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 183. 9.
Ichnetwion (Barichneunion) citrinifacialis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 297.
6.
Ichneumon nanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 4: 184. 9. Preocc. by Ratzeburg,
1848.
AmbhjteleH nanodes Cushman, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 388. N. name for /. nanus
Cresson.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 989 (inclusion of male in revised key).
signatipes (Cresson). Que. s. to D. C, w. to Kans. Townes and Townes (1951) said that
signatipes males had often been misidentified as C. duplicatus (Say), and Heinrich
(1961, 1962) erroneously suppressed signatipes as a synonym of C. w-albuni (Cresson)
(which see).
Ichneumon signatipes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. 9.
Ichneumon lobatun Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 77. 3.
Ichneumon/ (Sfiboscopufsf) oryxicornis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 324. 6.
Amblyteles {BarichneumonO duplicatiformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and
Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22: 354, 360. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
-Heinrich, 1961 (1960); 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 126-130; 29: 868.
289.
suadus (Cresson). Que., Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Wis.
Ichneumon suadus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 160. S.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion of male in revised key).
subfilatus Heinrich. Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Lambdina pellucidaria (G. and R.).
Cratichneumon subfilatus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 131. 6,9.
sublatus (Cresson). Que. s. to Va., w. to 111. Host: Heterocampa biundata Wlk., H. guttivitfa
(Wlk.), Ht/dria pru)iii'orata (Ferg.).
Ischnus sublatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 186. 6.
Ich)ieu)non prams Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 151. 9.
Biology: Patch, 1908. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 161: 340.
takomae Heinrich. Southern Maine?, Md.
Cratichneunion takomae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 116. 6.
vescus (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., N. Mex., Alta., B. C. Host:
Protoboarniia porcelaria (Gn.).
Ichneumon vescus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 9. 6.
vinnulus (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wis. and Ky.
Ischnus vinnulus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 189. 6.
Cratichneumon gracilior Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 147. 9 (male misdet.).
vockerothi Heinrich. N. H. Ecology: The holotype was collected on the summit of Mt.
Washington, N. H. (elevation 6100 to 6288 ft.).
Cratichneunion vockerothi Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 158. 9.
w-album (Cresson). Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis. and Ala. Host: Heterocanipa guttivifta (Wlk.),
Dryocampa rubicunda rubicunda (F.). Heinrich (1959, 1961) erroneously applied the
name iv-albit)» to C. aignatipes (Cresson) because of the fact that Cresson's (1916)
lectotype for w-albuiii does not agree in decisive respects with the original description.
Although Cresson made no mention of variation to indicate that he used more than one
of his syntypes in writing his original description of w-albH))i, the fact that he had more
that one type-specimen is indicated by his statement: "Hab[itat]- Pennsylvania (C. A.
Blake); Delaware (Dr. Wilson); New Jersey (Cresson)." Unless it can be shown that
Cresson's (1916) lectotype from Pa. was not the specimen from C. A. Blake, there is no
basis for disregarding it as the legitimate lectotype. Although it is possible that
Cresson's lectotype is not one of the original syntypes, but instead a specimen aquired
later and used in making his 1867 expanded description of iv-albii»i, lack of agreement
with the original description is not proof of this.
Ischnus W-albunt Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 191. 6.
Isclnius variegatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 250. 6.
Cratichneunion variegatiiH insigyiituN Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 985. S, 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 309. —Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 179-180 (redescription based on specimens from Canada, N. H., and Mass.).
6:
—Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 63 (lectotype selection). —Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 190. —Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 122-124, 126-127, 129.
yakutatensis Ashmead. Alaska.
Cratichneuvion yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 157. 6.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 178-180. -Heinrich, 1969 (1968).
(1960).
Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae Africa So. of Sahara, v. 5, p. 1106.
confusa (Ashmead). Que., N. Y., Alaska, B. C.
Cratichneumon confusus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 158. 6.
Plectocryptus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 183. 9.
. Plectocryptus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 183. 9.
megalura Heinrich. Maine, Ont. Specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appear to
indicate that viegalurus will not likely prove to be deserving of anything more than
suppression as a synonym of confusus.
AcuUchneumon (Crypteffigies) confusus 7)iegaluri(s Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent.
Sup. 18: 180, 205. 9. The alternate spelling "niogalnrus" appears on p. 205.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1003-1004 (description of male and elevation to
species status).
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1960. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (aii), p. 153. —Heinrich, 1971.
Nat. Canad. 98: 1000 (key for some males).
erythromelas (MacLachlan). Northern N. W. T.; w. Greenland. Dr. W. R. M. Mason informed
me that there are specimens from Greenland in the Canadian National Collection, but
498 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
none from Canada. The holotype, which is from northern Ellesmere Island is apparently
the only Canadian specimen known.
Ichne^imon enjtiironielas MacLachlan, 1879 (1878). Linn. Soc. Zool., Jour. 14: 106. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Strand, 1905. Rpt. Second Norwegian Arctic Exped. in the "Fram" 1898-1902,
no.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1938. In Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 1: 538. —Perkins, 1953.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 116, 134, 136. -Perkins, 1960. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins.,
V. 7, pt. 2 (aii), p. 121, 138, 145, 147.
porcelariae Heinrich. Newfoundland (Labrador), N. B., Maine, Ont., Mich., Man. Host: '
Eupalamns Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 14.
andersoni Heinrich. B. C.
Eupalanius andersoni Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 385. 9.
melacneme Heinrich. Que., Ont.
Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 386. 6, 9.
Eupalamns melacneme Heinrich, 1961.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 597-598 (redescription of male). —Heinrich,
1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 202, 204, 207 (inclusion of both sexes in keys).
honestus (Cresson). Md. s. to Fla., w. to s. Mich, and La.
Ichneumon honestus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. i.
Melanichiieumon honestus milleri Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 205. S, 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 767-768 (male described).
leviculus (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Coryphista meadi (Pack.).
Ichneumon leviculus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. 6.
Newfoundland (Labrador and insular). Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich.
lissorufus Heinrich.
Melanichneumon {Melanichneumon) lissorufus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 591.
6, 9.
Melanichneumon lissorufus radtkei Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 768. 6, 9. N.
syn. Described from five specimens from one locality in insular Newfoundland.
margaritae Heinrich. Tenn., Ark.
Melanichneu)non niargaritae Heinrich, 1973. Nat. Canad. 100: 464. 6, 9.
500 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 325. —Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70:
-Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 601-602.
212.
texanus (Cresson). Maine, R. I., N. Y., Mich., Tex., Alta. Discovery of the female of this species
may show that it belongs in Vulgichnemnon instead oi Melanichneuvwn (see Heinrich,
1962).
Ichneumon texanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 159. i.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 261 (generic syn.).
-Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 184-190 (keys to spp. of e. N. Amer.).
anator (Fabricius). Que. s. to Pa., w. to Minn, and 111.; Europe. Host: Ostrinia nnbilalis (Hbn.)?
Ichneumon anator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 169. Sex not indicated.
Ichneumon femoratorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem.
8: 253; 9: 289. [female].
Ichneumon bulimorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 240, 249, 255, 277 (syn.). —
Heinrich, 1953.
Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. -Heinrich, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 806. —Heinrich, 1962.
Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 621-622.
archboldi Heinrich. Fla.
Barichneumon archboldi Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 196. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 186, 190, 191, 194.
soror (Cresson). Que. s. to Del., w. to Mich.
Ichneumon soror Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 185. 9.
Ichneumon bimaculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 357.
S. Preocc. by Schrank, 1776; Gmelin, 1790; Christ, 1791; and Fabricius, 1793.
Ichneumon bimacularis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 863. N. name for /.
bimaculatus Provancher.
sphageti Heinrich. Maine, N. Y., Miss. Ecology: The holotype was collected in a spruce (Picea
mariana) bog.
Barichneumon sphageti Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1008. 9.
Melanichneunion subg. V idgichneumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 17.
Melanichneunion subg. Richtichneumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 17.
belfragei (Cresson), n. comb. La., Tex., e. Wyo., s. w. Utah. The discovery of two females in the
collection of the U. S. Natl. Museum shows that this species should be removed from
Melanichneunion (see Heinrich, 1959) and placed in Richtichneumon by virtue of
general agreement with Heinrich's definition of the latter.
Ichneumon Belfragei Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 4: 156. 6.
residuus (Say). Mass. s. to Md., w. to N. Dak. and Kans. Host: Alsophila pometaria (Harris).
Ichneinnon residuus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 73. 9.
Ichneumon utilis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 311. 6.
Platylabus {Colocnema?) omniferrugineus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19:
322. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 167.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 49.
Melanichneunion subg. Menkokia Heinrich, 1934. Berlin Zool. Mus., Mitt. 20: 209.
Type-species: Melanichneunion {Menkokia) major Heinrich. Orig. desig.
This genus is Oriental and Nearctic Heinrich (1969, 1971) placed the genus in the Pterocor-
mina, but I doubt that he is correct.
annulicornis (Ashmead). N. J., Ga., Fia., Mich, La. Host: Plathypena scabra (F.), Hellula
rubicundus Cresson.
Rjibicundiella perturbans(l) Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 195.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p.
48-49 (syn.). — Fitton, 1975. Studia Ent. 18: 381 (holotype of C. spinosus Hancock found).
albipectus (Brulle). Fla.; Cuba, Jamaica.
Ichneumon albipectus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 306. 6.
Ichneumon btii-rus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 14. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 255 (syn.).
havanensis (Cameron). Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Croix. Host: Anticarsia gemmatalis Hbn.
Fla.;
The host record pertains to a Cuban specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.
Ichneumond) haranoisis Cameron, 1906. Cuba, Estac. Expt. Agron., Informe, p. 277. 6.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 262.
cestus (Cresson). Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Lambdi7ia fiscellaria iugubrosa (Hulst),
Melanolophia iviitata (Wlk.).
Ichneuhion cestus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 182. 9.
Platylabus opacitus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. 6.
confirmatus (Cresson). Que. s. to Ga., w. to Colo.
Ichneumon confirmatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. 9.
Pkygadeuon potens Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 47. 9.
Phygadeuon jocosus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 53. 9.
This name was based upon the same type-specimen or specimens as was P. potens
Provancher, the latter being the name Provancher used in his key.
groenlandicus (Lundbeck). Greenland.
Ichneuvion grooilandicus Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn,
Vidensk. Meddel., p. 223. 9 .
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 108 (generic placement).
limbatae Heinrich. Mich., B. C. Host: Ne)iiotoco))ipo filia))ie)itaria Gn.
Aoplus liwbatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 542. 6, 9.
mathewi (Cameron). Southwestern B. C.
Iclniennioii iiiatheivi Cameron, 1907. Entomologist 40: 277. 6.
melanisticus Heinrich. Ont., Yukon.
Aoplus melanisticus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 547. 9.
moilietti Heinrich. Alta. Host: Enypia griseata Grossb.
Aoplus moilietti Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 544, 671. 9. The name is a mispelling
of a host name now in synonymy with E. griseata; the name appears as "nioiletti
Cress." on p. 671 (index).
monotonus Heinrich. Colo., Alta., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Geometrid on Polygonum .
Aoplus ))io)ioto)ius Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 548. cJ, 9.
pseudovelox Heinrich. Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., Alta.
Aoplus pseudovelox Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 556. 6, 9.
rarior Heinrich. Que., Ont.
Aoplus rarior Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 546. 9.
ruficeps sitkensis (Ashmead). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., Colo.,
and Wash. Host: Macaria sp., Rheumaptera hastata (L.). A. ruficeps ruficeps
(Gravenhorst) is Eurasian.
Ichneumon mgans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 51. 6. N. syn.;
preocc. by Olivier, 1792.
Ichneumon sitke)isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 152. 6.
Ichneumon simulator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 153. 6. Uncertain syn.;
preocc. by Olivier, 1792.
velox (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., 111., Colo., and Calif. Host:
Schmarotzerbestimmung 27: 4.
Platylabops pecki novaescotiae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 643. 9.
Platylabops novascotiaeV.) Peck, 1964. In Heinrich, Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 918.
Platylabops novaescotiae nigrinionbris Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 773. 9. N.
syn.
pecki Heinrich. Sask.
Platylabops peck-i pecki Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 642. 6, 9.
Ta.xonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 773.
Unplaced Taxa of Gyrodontina
Ichneumon limbifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 182. 6. Colo.
writings on Hymenoptera, Say used both the terms pectus and postpectus, and it
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 507
consequently seems evident that his usage of pectus is essentially synonymous with
mesosternum. In his statement that the pectus of pectoralis is "black with a large
yellow spot between the intermediate and posterior feet," Say presumably intended to
write: intermediate and anterior feet.
Taxonomy: Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 231 (coloration of propodeum). Cushman —
and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 166. —Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup.
18: 172-173.
Ichneumon vultus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 165. cJ. Colo.
SUBTRIBE AMBLYTELESINA
All available evidence seems to indicate that the females of species in this subtribe oviposit
into the host larva rather than the pupa. In some of the genera, inseminated adult females are
apparently the only overwintering life stage.
Exephanes Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 17.
Heinrich (1976) placed Exepltanes in the Pterocormina, but did not indicate his rationale for
doing so.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 6. —Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 150.
—Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 106. —
Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 503.
belangeri (Cresson). N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Mich., Colo., Wash. Host: Euxoa divergens
(Wlk.).
Amblyteles Belangeri Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 190. 9.
Cry plus dubius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 71. "6"= 9.
Preocc. by Taschenberg, 1865.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 322, 323 (inclusion in key).
compta (Say), n. comb. Que. s. to Ga., w. to S. Dak. and Tex. I am grateful for the advice of
Dr. H. K. Townes regarding the generic placement of this species.
Ichneumon comptuH Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 229. 6, 9.
Ichneumon atrifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 157. 9.
Amblyteles marginatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 328. 9.
apiculatus (Walkley), n. comb. Colo., Alta., Mont., Wyo., Idaho, Oreg. Host: Euxoa ochrogaster
(Gn.).
Ichneumon apicalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 152. 6. Preocc. by Wiedeman,
1824.
Pseudamblyteles apiculatus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 50. N. name for /. apicalis Cresson.
bizonatus (Cresson). Que. w. to Alta., s. to Md., Ky., and Colo. Ecology: Labels on four female
specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection indicate that they were collected in
caves in late July, October, and November in Ky. and Pa.; Dasch (1971) collected a
specimen in flight in Ohio during January or February.
Ichneumon bizonatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 160. 9.
Biology: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 277.
carbo (Heinrich), n. comb. Que., Maine, Ont.
Pseudamblyteles carbo Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 407. S, 9.
cockerelli (Viereck), n. comb. Colo., N. Mex.
Cratichneumon cockerelli Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 76. S.
Cratichneimion skinneri Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 78. 6.
comes (Cresson), n. comb. N. Y., Pa., Del., Mich., 111. Heinrich failed to include this species in
his 1961treatment of Pseudamblyteles; in a supplement to that work, Heinrich (1969)
gave a redescription of the male of comes based upon the "holotype" from "no locality,"
and a specimen from Pa.; in the original description Cresson indicated that he had
specimens from 111. and Del., and Cresson (1916) selected a lectotype from Illinois which
was "in good condition." The specimen referred to as the "holotype" by Heinrich (1969)
had the "Sternites and hypopygium destroyed by dermestids."
Ichneumon comes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 158. 6.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 24. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96:
956-957.
discus (Cresson), n. comb. Colo.
Ichneumon discus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 168. 6.
distinctipes (Heinrich). Que., Maine, N. Y., Md., N. C, Ont., Mich., Ohio., Ark. Ecology: Dasch
(1971) collected a female in flight during January or February in Ohio.
Pseudamblyteles distinctipes Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 409. 2.
comb. N. B., Que., Maine, Ont, Mich.
effigialis (Heinrich), n.
Pseudamblyteles effigialis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 407. 6, 9.
euxoae Heinrich, n. status. Maine, Colo., N. Mex., Alta., B. C, Wash. Host: Euxoa messoria
(Harris), E. ochrogaster (Gn.).
Ichneumon variegatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 153. 6. Preocc. by Schrank,
1785 and Gmelin, 1790.
Diphyus variegatus euxoae Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 960. 3, 9. N. syn.; because
Heinrich's treatment of eiixoae as a subspecies of variegatus was tentative, this
synonymy is also tentative.
Diphyus variegatus orientis Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 962. 9. N. syn.; based upon a
single female with "only slight" differences from females in the type series of euxoae.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D. (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 249, 251.
ferrugator (Swederus), n. comb. N. Amer.
Ichneumon ferragator Swederus, 1787. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Handl. 8: 280. 9 ("male"
misdet., = Spilichneumon female).
macilentus (Cresson), n. comb. Mich., Colo., Alta. Although this species had been recorded
from Mich, by Townes and Townes (1951), it was not included in Heinrich's (1961-1962)
treatment of the stenopneusticae of the Northeast.
Ichneuvwn niacilentun Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 249. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
293.
micramoenus (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine.
Pseiidantblyteles niicramoenini Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 420. 9.
nigrotergops (Heinrich). Que., Maine, Ont.
Pseitdaniblyteles nigrotergops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 417. 9.
DiphyuH nigritergops (!) Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 955.
nuncius (Cresson), n. comb. Oreg., Calif. Host: Eiixoa (Cliorizagrotis) auxiliaris (Grote).
Ichneumon nunciuH Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 176. 6.
ontariensis (Provancher), n. comb. Ont. This species was not included in Heinrich's (1961-1962)
treatment of the stenopneusticae of the Northeast.
Ichneumon Ontariensis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 30.
"9"= 6.
ormenus (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., Mich., N. Mex., and Wash.
Ichneumon Onnenus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 141. 9.
Ichneumon tenebrosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 145. 6. Preocc. by Wesmael,
1845.
Ichneumon luctus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 250. N. name for I. tenebrosus
Cresson.
Ichneumon mellipes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 295. 6.
Ichneumon Quebecensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 77. S.
Pseudamblyteles neomexicanus Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 147. 6.
populorum (Heinrich), comb. Sask., Alta. Host: Brackylomia populi (Stkr.).
n.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 505 (syn.).
heteropus Heinrich. B. C.
Ctenichneumon heteropus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 454. 6,9.
holomelas Heinrich. Man.
Ctenichneumon holomelas Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 460. 9.
minor Heinrich. N. S. s. to W. Va., w. to Sask.
Ctenichneumon minor Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 458. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107 (syn.). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad.
102: 487.
expunctus (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Man., Colo.,
Alaska?, B. C.
Ichneumon obliteratus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 147. 6. Preocc. by
Wesmael, 1855.
Ichneumon expunctus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 290. N. name for /.
obliteratus Cresson.
Trogus Provancheri Burque, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 124): 128. S.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 254 (syn.).
Ichneumon apicator Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 64: 100. 6.
foxleei Heinrich. B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Tricholabus foxleei Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 396. 6,9.
mitchelli Heinrich. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Del., Md., Va., N. C, S. C, Ga., Miss., Ark. Ecology:
Occurs in marshes, particularly salt marshes along the Atlantic coast and Gulf of
Mexico.
Tricholabus mitchelli Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 395. cJ, 9.
nortonii (Cresson). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Va., Ohio, S. Dak., and Alta.
Ichneumon Nortonii Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 304. 9.
Ichneumon merus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. 6.
pax (Dalla Torre). Wash.
Ichneumon pacificus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. 6. Preocc. by
Cameron, 1887.
Ichneumon pax Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 964. N. name for /. pacificus Davis.
Pseudichneumon Kokujev, 1909. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mus. Zool., Ann. 14:
12.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 722. -Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 975-977.
inconstans (Cresson). revised status. Newfoundland (insular) w. to N. W. T., s. to Va., Mich.,
Colo., and Ariz. Host: Crymodes devastator (Brace).
Ichneumon {Ichneumon) aleatorius Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot.
Zool. Mass., Ed. 2, p. 585. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon inconstans Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 153. 6.
Ichneumon subnifus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 168. 9. Preocc. by Gmelin,
1790.
Ichneumon comes var. aleatorius Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 301. 6.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog, 2, sup. 2, p. 155.
nubivagus (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to N. Y. and Colo.
Ichneumon consi)nilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 163. 6. Preocc. by Wesmael,
1845.
Ichneumon nubivagus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 291. N. name for /.
consimilis Cresson.
Ichneumon aequalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 76. S.
foxleei Heinrich. B. C.
Obtusodonia foxleei Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 874. 9.
Amblyteles hudsoniciis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 192. 9. "Hudsons Bay
Territory."
Ichneumon cnidosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 175. S. Calif.
Ichneumon Dakota Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. S. "Dakota Territory."
Ichneumon delicatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 253. 6. Colo.
Ichneumon dictiosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 164. 6. Kans.
Ichneumon (Barichneumon) Humphreyi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 296. 6.
Ariz.
Ichneumon juxtus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 163. 6. Colo.
Ichneumon semissiis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 183. 9. Calif. According to
Cresson (1879), the type locality is Mohave Desert, Calif.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 354.
Ichneiimon sequax Cresson. 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 61: 181. 9. Southern B. C.
Ichneumon ventralis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 250. i. Colo.
SUBTRIBE PTEROCORMINA
Genus STENICHNEUMON Thomson
Stenichneumon Thomson, Opusc Ent. 18: 1964.
1893.
Type-species: Ichneumon pistorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Schmiedeknecht, 1902.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. militarius militarius
(Thunberg).
Myermo Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 523.
Type-species: Myermo riifipes Cameron. Monotypic The type-species is regarded as
a synonym of S. appropiiiquans (Cameron).
Chiaglas Cameron, 1902. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 152.
Type-species: Chiaglas nigripes Cameron. Monotypic.
Bolbomyschus Tosquinet, 1903. Soc Ent. de Belg., Mem. 10: 342.
Type-species: Bolbomyschus albipictus Tosquinet. Monotypic.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. nigripes (Cameron).
Stenichneumonoides Uchida, 1930. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 95.
Type-species: Ichneumon posticalis Matsumura. Orig. desig.
This is a moderate-sized genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 517
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 263. (syn.).
culpator cincticornis (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular), Que., N. W. T., Yukon, and Alaska, s.
to n. Ga., 111., Colo., and Wash. Host: Triekopiiisia ni (Hbn.). S. culpator culpator
(Schrank) is Eurasian.
Ichneumon cincticornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 139. 9.
Ichneumon galenus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 292. S.
Ichneumon matheivi Cameron, 1907. Entomologist 40: 277. 6.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 109 (syn.).
militarius leucopus Heinrich. N. B. w. to Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., and B. C. Host: "Piusia"
sp. S. militarius militarius (Thunberg) is Eurasian.
Stenicbneumon militarius leucopus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 525. 6, 9.
pallidipennis (Viereck). N. W. T., S. Dak., and N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif.
Cratichneumon pedalis var. pallidipennis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. 6.
salvus (Cresson). P. E. I. w. to B. C, s. to N. H., Mich., and Oreg. This species appears to vary
clinally from east to west. Heinrich (1962) recognized two subspecies; he used the name
bioculatus for a transcontinental form; his nominate form apparently consisted only of
some of the extreme variants from the western end of the range.
Ichneumon bioculatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 158. 6, 9. N. syn.
Ichneumon salvus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 166. S.
Cratichneumon rubicundus Bradley, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 106. 9.
montanus (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Wash., s. to n. Ga., N. Mex., and Calif. Host:
Syngrapha sp., Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Ichneumon montanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 141. S, 9.
Patrocloides montanus occidentalis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 517. 9. N. syn.
perluctuosus (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular), w. to B. C, s. to Mass. and Mich. Host:
Syngrapha epigaea (Grt.), S. selecta (Wlk.).
Amblyteles perluctuosus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 10. "6"
= 9.
walleyi (Heinrich). Que., Ont., Wis., N. W. T., Alta.
Patroclus walleyi Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 486. 6,9.
Genus PATROCLUS Cresson
Patroclus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 104.
Type-species: Patroclus nigrocaeruleus Cresson. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Pseudoamblyteles Heinrich, 1926. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (1926), p. 255.
Type-species: Amblyteles homocerus Wesmael. Monotypic.
Ctenamblyteles Heinrich, 1928. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (1928), p. 141. Unnecessary n. name for
Pseudoaniblyteles Heinrich (Pseudoamblyteles not preocc by Pseudamblyteles
Ashmead).
This is a small Neotropic and Holarctic genus.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 263 (syn.).
homocerus homocerus (Wesmael). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Colo, and Utah; Eurasia. Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965) recognized P. homocerus karafutonis (Uchida) as a distinct
subspecies from Sakhalin.
Amblyteles ho)Hocerus Wesmael, 1854. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 21, Annexe aux
Bui. 1853-1854, p. 120. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 455.
518 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 240 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad.
Sci., Jour. 43: 148. -Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 647-648. -Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 211.
Thyrateles Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 3: 149.
Type-species: Amblyteles camelinus Wesmael. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a small Holarctic genus which is rather arbitrarily separated from Pteroconnus.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 263 (syn.).
amoenapex W. T.
Heinrich. N.
Thyrateles 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 357. 9.
amoenapex Heinrich,
caliginops Heinrich. Que. w. to Minn., s. to W. Va. and Ohio. Host: Vanessa atalanta (L.).
Ichneumon vulviventris (!) Nason, 1905. Ent. News 16: 148. Lapsus for /. rufiventris
Brulle.
Taxonomy: Kriechbaumer, 1875. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 36: 41. — Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 108, 109, 169-170.
mormonus (Cresson). Que., Ont., Colo., Alta., Utah. Host: Polygonia sp.
Amblyteles monnonus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 190. 9. According to
Cresson (1879) the type locality is "Great Salt Lake, Utah."
Ichneumon adjunctus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 29. 9.
Cratichneumon pedalis var. varitarsis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. 9.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 355.
procax (Cresson). Ont., Alaska. Host: Nymphalis antiopa (L.).
Ichneumon procax Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. S.
Amblyteles torontosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 351. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 263 (syn.).
adonis (Viereck). N. Mex.
Cratichneumon adonis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 77. cJ.
Ichneumon juctcndus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 305. 9.
Ichneumon jlavizonatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 156. S.
Ichneumon multor Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 299. 6.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1952. Entomologist 85: 66. —
Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43:
149. -Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106, 108, 168.
annulatorius (Fabricius). Newfoundland (insular) s. to Va., w. to Iowa.
Ichneumon annulatorius Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent, p. 330. [male].
Ichneumon funestus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 166. 9.
Ichneumon haesstans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key). 9.
Ichneumon hoesitans(l) Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (3): 80.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1952. Entomologist 85: 67. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63:
106, 169.
approximans (Provancher). Ont.
Ichneumon approximans Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 32.
6.
artemis (Viereck). Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Man., Colo., Alta.
Cratichneumon artemis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. 9 .
caliginosus (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular), N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to W. Va., Mich., and
Colo. Host: Polygonia gracilis (G. and R.), P. interrogationis (F.), P. satyrus (Ed.).
Ichneumon caliginosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 144. 9.
calitergus (Cresson). Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Ont, Mich.
Ichneumon calitergus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Hot Zool. Mass., Ed.
2, p. 586. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon calitergus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 1: 299. 9.
canadensis (Cresson). N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Wis., Sask. Host:
Ctenucha virginica (Charp.). Heinrich (1959b, 1961) incorrectly used the synonym
trizonatus instead of canadensis as the valid name for this species; Heinrich's (1959a)
selection of a new lectotype for canadensis {=clasma n. sp., below) did not invalidate
the lectotype selected by Cresson (1916) because lack of agreement with the original
description is not sufficient proof that the lectotype selected by Cresson was not one of
his original syntypes.
Ichneumon canadensis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. 9.
Ichneumon trizonatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 8. 6. N. syn.
Amblyteles ctenuchae Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 3. 9 .
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent Soc, Mem. 1: 23. —Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 382-383 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1959a, Ent. News 70: 104. —Heinrich, 1959b, Canad.
Ent. 91: 806 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent Sup. 21: 238, 292-293.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 521
canadicola (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Ohio, Mich.
Ichneumon canadicola Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 293. 9.
centrator (Say). Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, Mo., and Oreg. Host: Isia Isabella (J. E. S.).
Ichneumon centrator Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 49. 9.
Ichneumon flavicornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 140. 6.
Ichneumon fortis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 83. 6.
cervulus (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont., Mich., Alta. Ecology: Occurs
in peat bogs. Although the specimen which Heinrich (1961, 1976) regarded as the
"holotype" is not the valid lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917), Barron
(1975) indicated that the former specimen is conspecific with the lectotype.
Ichneumon cervulus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 83. 6.
Phygadeuon tennmatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
357. 9. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 430. —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup.
21: 271. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 448. -Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102:
758-760 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 350 (redescription).
— Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 383.
curticrus (Provancher). Que., Man.
Phygadeuon curficrus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 360. 9.
devinctor (Say). Que. w. to s.w. N. W. T. and B. C, s. to Ga., Mo., and Colo. Host: Cossus sp.,
Prionoxystns robiniae (Peck), Stheyiopis fhule (Stkr.).
Ichneumon devinctor Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 48. 9.
Ichneumon tibialis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 300. 9. Preocc.
by Geoffroy, 1785.
Ichneumon montivagus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 255. 3.
difficilis (Cresson). Wash., Calif.
Ichneumon difficilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 176. S.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 351.
dillerorum (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine.
Ichneumon dillerorum Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 720. 9.
dionymus Carlson, n. name. Que. w. to Mich., s. to Va. and Ohio.
Ichneumon anonymus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 255. 6,9. Preocc. by Cuvier,
1833.
dioryctiae (Heinrich), n. comb. N. B. Que., Maine, Ont., Mont. Host: Dioryctria reniculella
(Grt.).
Ichneumon dioryctiae Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 341. 6, 9.
Ichneumon dioryctriae Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 2, p. 160.Unjustified emend. (Heinrich had spelled the host name "Dioryctia").
discoensis (Fox). Greenland. This species has not been treated in any of the papers on North
American Ichneumoninae by Heinrich.
Ichneumon discoensis Fox, 1892. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 44: 134. S.
dorsalis (Cresson). Colo.
Ichneumon dorsalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 177. 9. Preocc. by Fabricius,
1798; not renamed here because the species has not been included in any recent
revision, and therefore may prove to have synonyms.
egregiafacialis (Viereck). Colo.
Ichneumon (Barichneiimon) egregiafacialis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 291.
i.
eurypus (Heinrich), n. comb. Que., Maine, Ont., s.w. N. W. T., Alta.
Ichneumon eurypus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 325. 9.
faciens (Davis). Alta., Idaho, Wash.
Ichneumon faciens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. 6.
feralis (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to Alta. Host: Hepialus mustelinus
Pack.? The male of this species was misidentified as that of chasmodops by Heinrich
(1961); the error was corrected by Heinrich (1962).
Ichneumon feralis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 301. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 230, 260-261. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent.
Sup. 29: 877, 879-880.
feriens (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Mich., and s. B. C.
Ichneumon feriens Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 321. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 944 (additional characters for distinguishing
male).
festus (Cresson). Colo.
Ichneumon bipunctatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 4: 253. 6. Preocc. by Gmelin,
1790, Schrank, 1802, and Cuvier, 1833.
Ichneumon festus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 257. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 523
lachrymans (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich.
Phygadeuon dorsalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 285. 9. Preocc. in Pterocormus by
Cresson, 1864.
Ichneumon lachrymans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 78. 6. Barron
(1975) did not prove that the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) was not
one of Provancher's two syntypes. Therefore, the new lectotype selected by Barron has
no validity.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 431. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
463, 492-493.
lacunae (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine.
Ichneumon lacunae Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 948. 9.
laetus (Brulle). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Va., and Iowa. Host: Psendaletia unipimcta (Haw.).
Ichneumon laetus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 4, p. 303. S.
Ichneumon leucaniae Fitch, 1861. Boston Cultivator 23: 276. 9.
Ichneumon seviiniger Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 167. 9.
lariae (Curtis), n. comb. Newfoundland (coastal Labrador), n. Que., N. H., N. W. T., n. Man.;
Greenland.
Ichneumon Lariae Curtis, 1835. In Ross, Narrative of Second Voyage in Search of a
No.-W. Passage 1829-33, App., p. Ixi. 9.
Cratichneumon Aurivillii Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 5. 9.
Ichneumon lariae snbarcticus Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 689. 9. N. syn.
Ichneumon lariae labradoris Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 690. 9. N. syn.
leucocoxalis (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine, Pa.
Ichneumon leucocoxalis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 266. 9.
lewisii (Cresson), n. comb. N. Y. s. to n. Ga., w. to Iowa and Mo. Host: Apantesis sp.
Ichneumon Lewisii Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 177. 9.
Ichneinnon fulvopictus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 391. 6. Heinrich
(1961) erroneously stated that the holotype is from Mont.; it is from Mo.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207. —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21:
300-302.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 345 (syn. questioned).
patroclus (Viereck). N. Mex.
Cratichneumon patroclus Viereck, 1903. hi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 78. 6.
Ichneumon tharotis Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 22. 9.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 350.
pusillamoenus (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont.
Ichneumon pusillamoenus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 272. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 762-763 (male described).
putus (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) s. to D. C, w. to Iowa. Host: Itame sulphurea (Pack.).
Ichneumon putus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 173. 9.
pycnocephalus (Heinrich), n. comb. Yukon, B. C.
Ichneumo7i pycnocephalus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 223 (key), 261. 9 The
variant spelling "pycnocephalos" which appeared on p. 261 was rejected in favor of
pycnocephalus by Peck (1964).
Taxonomy: Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 892.
saucius (Cresson), n. comb. Que. w. to Mont., s. to N. C. and HI. Host: Paranthrene perlucida
(Bsk.), P. si)nulans (Grt.). In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are three males
from Missoula, Mont, reared together with the type material oi Paranthrene perlucida.
I have seen several females which were collected in hibernation in Nov. and Dec. in Va.
semicoccineus (Cresson). N. Y., Del, Va., S. C. Heinrich (1961) erroneously stated that the
"holotype" of semicoccineus is from '"Western Territory' (= Western U. S. A.);"
in the
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
vecors (Cresson). "Hudson's Bay Territory." This species has not been included in any of the
pubHcations of Heinrich, not even those dealing with arctic and subarctic Ichneumoninae
(Heinrich [1956, 1958]).
Ichneumon ventralis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. ?. Preocc. by Cresson,
1865.
Ichneumon vecors Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 172. N. name for /. ventralis
Cresson, 1867.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 477-487. —Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90:
739-741.
versabilis (Cresson). Que., Maine, Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich. At least one and
are based
probably all of the host records quoted from the literature by Heinrich (1961)
upon misidentifications.
Ichneumon versabilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 161. 6.
Amblyteles (Pteroconnus) brittoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 347, 348, 358. 9 .
Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 397-398 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 208. -Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 281-283.
vicinus (Cresson). Mich.?, 111. Heinrich (1961) knew this species only from the holotype and
was uncertain whether it should be placed in Pterocormus or Cratichneiimon.
Ichneumon vicinus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 169. 9. Preocc. by Cuvier, 1833
and Fonscolombe, 1847; not renamed here because of taxonomic uncertainties.
vinulentus (Cresson). Wyo., Colo., Alaska, Wash.
Ichneumon vinulentus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 162. 6.
vivax (Cresson). N. H., Ont, Ohio.
Ichneumon vivax Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. 9.
zelotypus (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., N. J., W. Va., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Alta.
Ichneumon zelotypus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 299. S.
Ichneumon lividulus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 10. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 209 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 211, 212, 336; 23: 373. —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 458 (syn.).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 529
scelestus (Cresson). Maine s. to N. C, w. to Wis., Iowa, and La. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Arzama sp., Papaipema cataphracta (Grt.), P. impecimiosa (Grt.), Parapamea
buffaloensis (Grt.).
Ichneumon scelestus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 148. 9.
SUBTRIBE HOPLISMENINA
Genus HYBOPHORELLUS Schuiz
Hybophorus Tischbein, 1875. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 36: 281. Preocc. by Waterhouse, 1853.
Type-species: Ichneumon aulicus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Hybophorellus Schuiz, 1911 (1909). Zool. Ann. 4: 38. N. name for Hybophonis Tischbein.
This is a very small Holarctic genus.
rutilus rutilus (Cresson). P. E. I., Que., Maine, Mass., R. I., Conn., Pa., Va., Ont.
Ichneumon rutilus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 169. 9.
Ichneumon scutellatua Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 78. d (9
misdet.?). Preocc. by Geoffrey, 1785. Barron (1975) has shown that the specimen selected
as lectotype by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) had been erroneously labeled, and Barron
selected a valid lectotype.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 432. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
562.
rutilus transversus Davis. Wyo., Colo., Ida., Oreg.
Hoplix)nenu>i franscemuH Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 351. 6.
Hoplisnienus rutilus tenuis Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 407. 9.
Tribe ICHNEUMONINI
With exception of the Old-World genus Lymantrichneumon, females of this tribe do not
hibernate.
SUBTRIBE ICHNEUMONINA
Genus SYSPASIS Townes
Syspasis Townes, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 429,
595, 603.
Type-species: Ichneumon scuiellator Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.
tauma (Heinrich). Que., Maine, N. Y., n.w. S. C, Ont., Mich., Minn.; Europe. Host: Tigroides
bicolor (Grt.), Paraphia sp.?, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Coelichneumon taunia Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 253. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 45: 148. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96:
939-940.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 284-285 (syn.). —Heinrich,
1966. Ent. Tidskr. 87: 188-192.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 531
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 964-965 (variation and female description).
ater Cresson. Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to N. C, 111., and Wash.
Ichneumon ater Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 138. 9.
azotus Cresson. Que. s. to Ala., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex.
Ichneumon Azotus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 150. 6.
Ichneumon agnitus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 151. 9.
barnstoni (Morley). Newfoundland (insular). Pa., Md., "Hudson Bay", Ont., Mich., Wis., Alta.
Coelichneumon barnstoni Morley, 1915. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 130. 6 (female
misdet.).
Gravenhorst, 1829.
Ichneumon signatipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 52. 9. Preocc.
by Cresson, 1867.
Ichneumon cinctitarsis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 7. N. name for /. varipes
Provancher.
Ichneumon stygicus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 151. N. name for /.
signatipes Provancher.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. —Heinrich, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91:
806. -Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 331. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. SS: 967.
duffieldi (Heinrich), n. comb. N. Y.
Coelichneumon duffieldi Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 965. 9.
eximiops (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine, N. Y., Wis., 111., Iowa, Kans. Host: Achatodes zeae
(Harris).
Coelichneumon eximiops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 49. i, 9.
eximius Stephens. Newfoundland (insular) w. to Oreg., s. to Ga., Miss., Tex., and n. Mex.
Host: Arctiid?, Datana ministra (Drury), Abagrotis placida (Grt.), Acronicta sp.
Ichneumon eximius Stephens, 1833. Nomencl. Brit. Ins., ed. 2, app. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon eximius Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 186. [female].
Ichneumon caeruleus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 149. 9.
Taxonomy: Morley, Monthly Mag. 38: 120 (attempt to place from description).
1902. Ent.
—Perkins, 1953. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 107, 110 (located specimen presumed
Brit.
to be exiniius holotype).—Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 63: 107, 169 (confirmation
of identity of presumed holotype of eximius). —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 939
(variation).
flagellator (Heinrich), n. comb. Colo., Calif. The holotype was collected in July at Fort Collins,
Colo, in the 1890's by C. F. Baker.
Coelichneumon flagellator Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 71. 9. Preocc in
Ichneumon by I. flagellator Fabricius, apparently a forgotten species which would not
be a species of Ichneumoninae.
532 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
nigrosignatus Viereck. Ariz. A brief redescription of the holotype is given by Heinrich (1961),
but 7iigrosig7iatus was not included in his key; Heinrich said that it would run to
pervagus Cresson.
Ichneumon {Barichneumon) nigrosignatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 297.
6.
Taxonomy: Fattig, 1950. Emory Univ. Mus. Bui. 9: 40. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96:
937-939 (male described).
obscuratus (Heinrich), n. comb. Southern B. C.
Coelichneumon obscuratus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 45. 9. Preocc.
secondarily in Ichneumon by Habermehl, 1916 {Pterocomius subquadratus var.
obscuratus [Habermehl]).
orpheus Cresson. Que. w. to B. C, s. to Va., Mo., Utah, and Oreg. Host: Ecpantheria scribonia
(Stoll), notodontid.
Ichneumon Orpheus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 136. 9.
pepticus Cresson. N. J.?, Mich., Ill, Iowa, Mo., Colo., Wash., Oreg.
Ichneumon pepticus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. S.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 533
pervagus Cresson. Newfoundland (Labrador), N. S., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Mich., B. C
Host: Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.).
Ichneumon pervagus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. 6.
pequoitonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Amblyteles (Chasmias .<')
pulcher Brulle. Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., D. C, n. Ga., s. Fla., Ont., Ark., La.; Mexico.
Ichneumon pulcher Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 304. 9 (male
misdet.).
pulcherior (Heinrich), n. comb. Mont., Colo., Ariz., B. C. Host: Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grt.).
Coelichneumon pulcherior Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 36. 9.
pumilionobilis (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Ont., Mich.; Europe.
Coelichneumon pumilionobilis Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 251. i, 9.
Coelichneumon pumiliosimilis (!) Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 148.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 85. — Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 105.
soiutus (Holmgren). Northern Que., N. H.; n. Europe.
Ichneumon soiutus Holmgren, 1864. Ichn. Suecica, v. 1, p. 145. 9.
Coelichneumonops vockerothi Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 739. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 83-84.
walkleyae Heinrich. Southwestern B. C. Apparently known only from the holotype which was
collected at Vancouver, B. C. on May 1, [19]04 (not 1940).
Coelichneumonops walkleyae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 85. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 530-531 (syn.).
Newfoundland (insular) w. to s. B. C, s. to Ga., Miss., Kans., and Colo.
effigies Heinrich.
Protichneumon effigies Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 26. 6, 9.
Protichneumon sartoris Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 961. 9. N. syn.; this synonymy is
based upon the comparison of 19 females of effigies from throughout much of the range
with a female from Ark. identified as sartoris by Mr. Heinrich through comparison with
the holotype.
grandis (BruUe). Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Fla., Kans., N. Mex., and Oreg. Host: Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (P.). Heinrich (1961) recognized three subspecies, all of which
were raised to species status by Heinrich (1971). The specimens in the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection show that variation of grandis throughout eastern North America
does not permit the recognition of well defined northern and southern subspecies, yet
alone species. Specimens also in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection from Colo., N. Mex.,
Utah, and Oreg. seem to indicate that victoriae Heinrich cannot be recognized as a
distinct subspecies either.
Ichneumon grandis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 300. 9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 22-26. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 108. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 862. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98:
962.
polytropus Heinrich. Southeastern N. C. Ecology: The host pupa from which the holotype was
reared was found in a bark crevice on Taxodium distichum. Host: Sphingid. The
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 535
is apparently known only from the holotype, which may not be an entirely
species
normal specimen; it emerged in the laboratory on Jan. 12, 1905 (host pupa collected Nov.
it had completely hardened and darkened
1, 1904) and was apparently killed before
because the pupal skin had not been completely shed from either antenna.
Protichneumon polyfropus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 22, 27. S. The
variant spelling "polytropos" which appeared on page 22 was rejected in favor of
polytropus by Heinrich (1962).
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 533 (syn.).
Tribe TROGUSINI
Revision: Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 307-339, 344-345.
SuBTRiBE CALLAJOPPINA
All species are thought to be parasites of Sphingidae.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 63: 113 (lectotype selection).
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 206, 207. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29:
822-823.
catalinarum Heinrich. Ariz.
Conocalania catalinarum Heinrich, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89: 334. S .
occidentalis (Cresson). "Dakota Territory," Mont., Colo., s.e. Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host:
Snierhtthiis cerisyi Kby.
Tragus occidentalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. cJ.
Conocalama (Conocalama) occidentalis var. iuteata Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans.
65: 326. d, 9.
Conocalavia orientalis (!) Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 818 (key). Lapsus for
occidentalis.
quebecensis (Provancher). N. S., Que., Maine, Ont., Minn., Man., Alta., B. C, Oreg. Host: Eacles
inipemlis iniperalis (Drury).
Tragus Quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 335. 9.
rileyi (Cresson). 111., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Colo., N. Mex. Heinrich (1962) and Walkley (1967)
recognized two subspecies, and incorrectly gave species status to the junior synonym T.
niellasus Cresson.
Tragus Rileyi Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. 9. An unlabeled specimen in
the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appears to be the holotype.
Tragus niellosus Cresson, 1876 (1875). In Wheeler, Rept. Geog. and Geol. Explor. and
Surveys W. of Hundredth Merid., v. 5 (zooL), p. 708. "6" = 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 829-830. —Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 169-170.
violipennis Hopper. Calif.
CanocaUuiia (Conacalatna) violipennis Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 327. 3,
?.
SUBTRIBE TROGUSINA
Genus MACROJOPPA Kriechbaumer
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 845-846. — Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 275 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Weber, 1795. Nomencl. Ent. Secundum Ent. System. Fabricii, p. 73. —Fabricius,
1796. Ent. System., Index Alphabeticus, p. 83, 84.
pennator (Fabricius). Que. w. to Wash., s. to Fla., Kans., Nev., and Calif. Host: Papilio
brevicauda Sdrs., P. eurymedon Lucas, P. glaucus L., Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll,
P. rutulus Lucas, P. troilus L., P. zelicaon Lucas, Graphium rnarcellus (Cramer).
Ichneumon pennator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 155. [female].
Trogus vulpinus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 389. [female].
Tragus exesorius Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 298. 6,9.
Ichneumon asteriae Jaeger, 1859. Life of No. Amer. Insects, p. 240. Sex not indicated.
Macrojoppa califoniica Cameron, 1911. Soc. Ent. 26: 35. Sex not indicated.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 109, 110, 113.
pennator var. fulvipes Cresson, n. status.Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Vt.,
Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Man., Sask., Colo., B. C, Oreg. Host: Papilio brevicauda Sdrs.,
P. glaucus L., P. eurymedon Lucas. Because fulvipes appears to be a color phase
(sympatric) rather than a subspecies oi pennator, I have chosen to treat it as a
"variety." Heinrich (1962) does not seem to have been objective in arguing that/w/v/pes
is a species distinct from pennator. In collecting "dozens of specimens" oi pennator and
fulvipes in Maine he claimed to have seen only one "looking like an intergrade." He said
"I would guess that the specimen is an erythristic/2t/i';;)es rather than a melanistic
pennator; both types of variation are to be expected anyway, and would create the
impression of intergrades without actually being such." In the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection there are only fi\e fulvipes specimens, while there are six (from Maine, Vt.,
Mass., Pa., and Wash.) which impress me as being intergrades between pennator and
v&T. fulvipes.
Trogus fulvipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 93. 6.
Trogus apicatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 352. 6.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 849-850.
Tribe JOPPOCRYPTINI
Genus PLAGIOTRYPES Ashmead
Plagiotrypes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 20.
Type-species: Ichneumon concinnus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neopyga Heinrich, 1930. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 15: 545.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 194. — Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 164.
Tribe LISTRODROMINI
SUBTRIBE LISTRODROMINA
Species of Trogomorpha apparently parasitize Hesperiidae, but the normal hosts for other
genera in this subtribe are Lycaenidae.
arrogans (Cresson). Southern Texas; Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama,
Colombia, Peru. Probably only a subspecies of T. trogiformis (Cresson).
Ichneumon arrogans Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 115. S, 9.
Ichneumon panaynensis Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 158. S.
trogiformis (Cresson). Central N. Y., s. Ohio, and Mo. s. to Fla. and Tex.; Puerto Rico. Host:
Ephyriades brunnea floridensis (B. and C).
Iclmeumon femigator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 154. Sex not indicated. Preocc.
by Swederus, 1787. Townes (1961) apparently was unable to locate any type specimen
and accepted Brulle (1846) as the first re visor of this name.
Ichneumon trogiformis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 175. 6.
Taxonomy: Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 295. —Townes, 1961.
Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107.
Oreg.; Europe. Adventive. Host: Everes coniyntas (Godt.). A'^. nobilitator orientalis
Uchida occurs in eastern Asia.
Ichneumon nobilitator Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 235. 9.
Neotypus americanus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 1. 6.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1933. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 19: 155, 157.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 272 (syn.).
Dilopharius Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 332.
Type-species: Hoplismenus otomitus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
An undescribed species occurs in southern Texas.
Tribe PLATYLABINI
The members of this tribe are principally parasites of Geometridae.
542 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
impressus impressus (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y.,
Ont., Mich.
Phygadeuon impressus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 281. 9.
Ichneumon erythropygus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 79. "9" = 6.
impressus infuscatus Heinrich. Southern Alta., s. B. C, Wash.
Cyclolabus impressus infuscatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 760. S, 9.
Platylabus duplificans Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 726. 6,9.
erythrocoxa Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular), N. S., Maine, Mich., N. W. T., B. C, Calif.
Platylabus erythrocoxa Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 719. S, 9.
foxleei foxleei Heinrich. Southeastern Alaska, s. B. C.
Platylabus foxleei Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 723. d, 9.
foxleei orientis Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular), Maine.
Platylabus foxlei(l) orientis Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 777. 6, 9.
gracilicornis (Viereck). N. Mex., Calif.
Cratichneumon gracilicomis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 79. 9.
monotonus Heinrich. N. H., N. Y., Alta., Ariz., Alaska, B. C. Host: Epirrita autumnata (Bork.),
Itame anataria (Swett), /. quadrilinearia (Pack.).
Platylabus monotonus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 741. 6, 9.
montanus Cresson. Newfoundland (insular), N. H., Mass., Mich., Wash.
Ichneumon vafer Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. "9" = 6. Preocc by
Gmelin, 1790.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 545
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 774 (male described).
rubristernatus Heinrich. Conn., N. Y., w. N. C, Ohio, 111.
Platylabus rubristernatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 713. 9.
semiopacus Heinrich. Colo.
Platylabus semiopacus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 730. 6, 9.
serratae Heinrich. N. B., Maine, Mich. Host: Euchlaena serrata (Drury)
Platylabus serratae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 738. cJ, 9.
sexmaculatae Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Alta. Host: Semiothisa sexmaculata
(Pack.).
Platylabus sexmaculatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 749. 9.
Platylabus sexmaculatae postremus Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 776. 6. N. syn.
Described from two males collected at the same place and time in insular
Newfoundland.
distinction from Platylabus, but include the single Nearctic species treated below on advice
received from Mr. Gerd Heinrich.
rufipes consors (Cresson), n. comb. Alta., Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., CaHf. Host: Hydriomena
Stenolabus Heinrich, 1936 (1935). Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 197. Preocc. by Rechberg, 1910.
Type-species: Platylabus latiscapus Thomson. Orig. desig.
Asthenolabus Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 240. N. name for Stenolabus Heinrich.
This small genus is Holarctic and Oriental.
agilis (Cresson). N. S., P. E. I., Que., and N. W. T., s. to Pa., Mich., Colo., and Oreg.
Eurylabus agilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 201. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 215.
canadensis (Cresson). Maine, Pa., N. C, Mich., B. C, Wash.
Platylabus canadensis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 200. 9.
scutellatus (Provancher). Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich.
Ischnus scutellatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 111. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 514 (syn.).
—Heinrich, 1975 (1974). Ann. Zool. 32: 165-167 (description of Oriental sp. in Pristicerops)
bakeri (Davis). Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Mich., Minn., Alta., B. C,
Wash. Host: Deilinia sp.
Platylabus bakeri Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 352. S.
Pristicerops bakeri townesi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 789. 6, 9. N. syn.
iascivus (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. Y., Md., W. Va., Ont. Mich., 111., Wash.
Ichneumon lascivus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 309. "6" = 9.
ornatus (Cresson). N.Y., Md., w. N. C, Iowa. Heinrich (1962) stated that there is a specimen
in Museum collection from "Idaho," but that specimen is from Iowa.
the U. S. Natl.
Hoplisnienus ornatus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. 9.
Hoplismenus ovatusC) Berthoumieu, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 30.
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 790-791 (male described).
Subfamily METOPIINAE
The members of this subfamily are internal parasites of Lepidoptera. Invariably, metopiines
oviposit into the host larva and emerge as adults from the host pupa.
Revision: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 3-318.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 89-122 (genera of world).
Revision: Aeschlimann, 1976 (1975). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 11: 723-744 (Western
Palearctic spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 26, 27.
emorsus Townes. N. S., N. H., Mich.
Chorinaeus eniorsus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 33. 9.
excessorius Davis. Maine, Ont., and Minn. s. to Ala. and Kans.; also n. Utah and n. Calif. Host:
Choristoneura funiiferana (Clem.), Ancylis contptana (Froel).
Chorinaeus excessorius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 209. 9.
funebris carinatus (Cresson). N. S., Que., Ont., s. Man., e. Alta., and s. B. C. s. to Md., Ala., and
Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel.)?, Strepsicrates st)iithiana (Wlsm.), Archips
semiferanus (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wlk.), Anacanipsis ritoifnictella (Clem.),
Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.), Acrobasis betulella Hulst.
Tryphon carinatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 273. 6.
Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 98. S, 9.
funebris funebris (Gravenhorst). Colo., Ariz., Idaho, Nev.; Eurasia. Host: Grapholitha
conversana Wlsm. The neotype designated by Aeschlimann in his 1976 revision of
Chorinaeus has no validity for a number of reasons, one of which is the fact that it is
from Swedish Lappland.
Exochus funebris Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 695. S ?
Chorinaeus funebris a.fenioratus Hellen, 1937. Notulae Ent. 17: 56. 9. N. syn. (uncertain).
Chorinaeus funebris a. nigripes Hellen, 1937. Notulae Ent. 17: 56. 9. N. syn. (uncertain).
Chorinaeus funebris clarus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:30. 9.N. syn.
Chorinaeus funebris divisus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:31. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Kusigemati, 1967. Insecta Mastsumurana 30: 20-21 (no subspecies recognized).
August, 1976) that Holmgren (1873) had in fact been first revisor and had suppressed
subcarinatus as a synonym of C. cristator (Gravenhorst). A search is to be made for the
subcarinatus type in places to which Holmgren is known to have sent material; if it is
not found, and if no specimens of cristator having a black face are found, longicalcar
must be suppressed as a synonym of subcarinatus.
Chorinaeus subcarinatus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
321. 9 ? Syn.?
Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson, 1887. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 31: 201. 9.
Chorinaeus pleturus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. 9. N. syn.
Chorinaeus longicalcar talaris Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 18. 6, 9. N. syn.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 549
Chorinaeus longicalcar flavicrus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 19. 6, 9.N. syn.
Chorinaeus longicalcar suralis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:20. 6, 9.N. syn.
Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1873. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 30 (4): 78.
—Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17A (4): 27 (syn.). —
Aeschlimann, 1976 (1975). Soc.
Ent. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 11: 725, 737-738.
opacitus Davis. Ariz., Nev., Calif.
Chorinaeus opacitus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 210. 9.
recurvus Townes. N. H., N. Y.
Chorinaeus recurvus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:31. 6, 9.
According to Townes (1971), "this is a large genus of worldwide distribution." Described spe-
cies occur in the Neotropic (Mexico), Holarctic, and Ethiopian regions.
Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 218-221 (Japanese spp.).
—Aeschlimann, 1973. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann (n. s.) 9: 975-987 (western Palearctic spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 97.
(J, 9.
confusus Walley. Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., w. N. C, Ont., Mich., Man. Host: Agonopteryx
argillacea (Wlsm.).
Trieces confusus Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1098. S, 9.
costatus (Davis). N. B. w. to s. B. C, s. to N. Y., Minn., Colo., and n. Calif.
Chorinaeus costatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. 6, 9.
Chorinaeus pusillus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. c^, 9.
crassipes Walley. Ont., Sask., s. B. C. Host: Meroptera pravella (Grt.), Anacampsis inocuella
(Zell.), Conipsolechia niveopulvella (Chamb.).
Trieces crassipes Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1102. 6, 9.
densus Townes. Mich.
Trieces densus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 42.
6, 9.
dentatus Townes. R. I., N. Y., Md., Ont. Host: Geometrid.
Trieces dentatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
55. S, 9.
550 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
57. 6, 9.
cJ. 9.
secundus Townes. N. Mex. The type locality is San Ignacio, not "'San Janacia'" as misquoted
from the label of the unique holotype by Townes and Townes.
Metopius (Cultrarius) secundus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:89. 9.
ultimatus Davis. N. J. w. to e. Nebr., s. to Miss, and e. Tex.
Metopius ultimatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 199. 6.
xanthostigma Ashmead. Md., Va., N. C, S. C, s.w. Minn., N. Dak.
Metopius xanthostigma Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 438. 6.
Metopius (Peltales) errantius floridanus Townfis, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:94. 9.
notatus Townes. Ala.
Metopius (Peltales) notatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:96. 9.
basalis heinrichi Townes. N. B., Maine, w. Ont., Wis. s.w. B. C. Host: Saturniid.
Metopius (Tylopius) basalis heinrichi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 104. 6, 9.
bellus Cresson. Nev., s.w. Oreg., n.e. Calif.
Metopius bellus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 6.
edwardsii Cresson. Alta., Wash.
Metopius edwardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 376. 6.
pollinctorius nevadensis Cresson. Nev., w. Wash., n.e. Calif. Host: Acronicta sp.
Metopius nevadensis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc d, 9.
pollinctorius pollinctorius (Say). N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Fla. and 111. Host: Gluphisia
septentrionalis Wlk., Actias luna (L.)?, Acronicta oblinita (J. E. S.).
Peltastes pollinctorius Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 245. S, 9.
Metopius cordiger Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 120. 6.
brunnipes (Cresson). Northern Man. w. to Yukon, s. to w. Iowa, N. Mex., Ariz., and Calif.
Exochus brunnipes Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 374. 9.
Triclistus bnmeipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 218. Emend,
chosis Townes. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Ont.
Triclistus chosis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
121. 9.
crassus Townes. P. E. I. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to N. Y., Wis., Colo., Ariz., and Calif; e. U.
S. S. R., n.
Japan.
Triclistus crassus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
110. 6, 9.
evexus Townes. N. H. s. to Md., w. to s. Sask. and Colo. Host: Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch),
Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst.
Triclistus evexus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
118. (J, 9.
podagricus (Gravenhorst). N. S., Que., Ont., Sask., Alta., Idaho, s.e. Alaska; Eurasia. Host:
Zeiraphera fortunana (Kft.).
Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 336. 6,9.
Triclistus nigritellus Holmgren, 1873. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af Forhandl. 30
...
(4): 60. 9.
Biology: Baltensweiler, 1958. Schweiz. Anst. f. d. Forstl. Versuchsw., Mitt. 34: 121.
—Aeschlimann, 1974. Ent. Exp. Appl. 17: 488, 489-490 (overwintering).
propinquus (Cresson). Conn. s. to n. Ga., w. to Mich, and Ala.
Exochus propinquus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. 9, (d misdet. ?).
pygmaeus (Cresson). N. S. w. to s. Alaska, s. to S. C, Ala., n.e. Kans., Colo., and Calif.; Eurasia.
Host: Paratobesia vitea)ia (Clem.), Acleris variana (Fern.). This is T. pallipes Holmgren
(1873) in the sense of 20th Century European authors preceding Aeschlimann (1973).
Overlooking the priority of pygmaeus, Townes and Townes (1959) erroneously
suppressed it as a synonym of pallipes. Aeschlimann (1973) has shown that the pallipes
"lectotype" selected by Aubert (1968) (.=pygmaeus) is invalid, and selected a valid
lectotype which is not conspecific with pygmaeus.
Exochus pygmaeus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 285. "c?" = 9.
Triclistus taiwanensis Uchida, 1932. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 267. S.
N. syn. Placed as a syn. of T. pallipes Holmgren by Townes, Townes, and Gupta (1961).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 124-125. —Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 303 (syn.). —Aubert, 1968. Schweiz.
Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 41: 188 (invalid lectotype selected for pallipes). —Aeschlimann, 1973.
Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 46: 236-239.
Biology: Aeschlimann, 1974. Ent. Exp. Appl. 17: 488, 490-491 (overwintering). —Aeschlimann,
1975. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 48: 165-171.
rectus Townes. Ariz., Calif.
Triclistus rectus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
117. 9.
Colpotrochia iColpotrochia) fultoni Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 132. 9.
texana (Cresson). N. C, S. C, Ga., Fla.
Exochodes (!) texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. 6.
Ischyrocnewis Carolina Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 443. 6.
trifasciata (Cresson). N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and e. Kans.
Tryphon^ trifasciatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 276. 6.
aethiops (Cresson). Que. w. to e. Alta., s. to n.w. S. C. and e. Nebr. Ecology: Occurs in late
summer and early fall and is often found on flowers of Aster.
Tryphon aethiops Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 106. 9.
Chorinaeus pulchripes Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 12. 9.
scaber umbrosus (Davis). Southern Alta. s. to Ariz., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. S. scaber scaber
(Gravenhorst) is European.
Tylecomnus (!) umbrosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 203. 9.
gibbus Townes. Ont., w. Colo., Alta., B. C. Host: Eupithecia ravocostaliata Pack, on willow,
geometrid on willow.
Bothrovnis gibbus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
145. S, 9.
minoris (Davis). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Sask.?, s. B. C. Host: Eupithecia sp. on
Ceanothus sanguineus, E. castigata Hbn.? on Betula papyrifera, geometrid on Alnus.
Tylecomnus (!) minoris Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 204. 9.
caeruliventris borealis Townes. Southeastern Mass. s. to Fla., w. to s. Mich., e. Kans. and La.
Host: Desmia funeralis (Hbn.). L. caeruliventris caeruliventris is Neotropic.
Leurus caeruliventris borealis Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 149. 6,9.
Genus SETICORNUTA Morley
Megatrema Cameron, 1907. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 7: 468. Preocc. by Leach, 1825 and
Mayr, 1865.
Type-species: Megatrema albopilosa Cameron. Monotypic.
Seticomuta Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 310.
Type-species: Seticomuta albicalcar Morley. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. albopilosa (Cameron).
This is a small Oriental and Holarctic genus.
apicalis (Cresson). R. I. s. to n. Fla., w. to Wis., Nebr., and Ala. Host: Acrobasis betulella
Only two species are known; one from India has been reared from Pliitella xylostella (L.).
Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 253-261 (Japanese spp.).
cuneata Townes. Maine, R. I., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Alta., Ariz., Alaska, Calif.
Hypsicera cuneata cuneata Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 165. 6,9.
Hypsicera cuneata opaca Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
[pt. 1]: 166. 6, 9.N. syn.
558 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 195-196 (syn.).
fulviceps Townes. Southwestern Va.
Hypsicera fulviceps Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 164. 9.
arcticus Townes. Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Que., N. H., n. Man., interior Alaska. This is a
subarctic species with a relict population on Mt. Washington, N. H.; the holotype is
labeled as being from Fort Chimo, Labrador, which is now in Quebec.
Stethoncus arcticus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 168. 6, 9.
Synosis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 168.
Type-species: Synosis clepsydra Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a small Holarctic and Neotropic genus.
Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 262-263 (Japanese spp.).
clepsydra Townes. Que., Vt., Mass., N. Y., Mich., s. Ind., Wis., s. B. C, n.e. Calif.
Synosis clepsydra Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
169. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 259 (syn.).
albifrons Cresson. P. E. I. w. to Alta. and Wash.,
to Ala., N. Mex., and CaHf. Host: Arckips
s.
evetriae Rohwer. Northern Idaho, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. CaHf. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.).
Exochus (Triclistus) evetriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 223. 9.
externus Townes. Oreg.
Exochus externus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
238. 9.
Exochus fastigatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
249. 6, 9.
ferrugineus (Ashmead). Mass., Pa., Md., Fla., Iowa, S. Dak., Tex. Ecology: Possibly nocturnal.
Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 201. d, 9.
flavifrontalis Davis. N. B., N. W. T., and Yukon s. to N. Y., Mich., Ariz., and Calif. Host:
Tortricid.
Exochus flavifrontalis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 217. 6, 9.
Anierolytus (l) flavifrons Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Exochus alpinus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 13. 6. Formerly preocc. in
Exochus by Tryphon alpinus Zetterstedt, 1838.
Exochus nioiitanus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 1, p. 59. N. name for E. alpinus Cushman.
genualis Townes. N. J., Md., W. Va., Va., n. Ga., Ohio.
Exochus genualis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
233. S.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 181.
mitratus orias Townes. Wyo., Alta., Utah, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif.
Exochus mitratus orias Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
montivagus Townes. Colo. Ecology: Known only from the holotype, which was collected at an
elevation of 9400 ft. in the Rocky Mts.
Exochus 7no7itivagus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 201. 9.
pictus xanthopsis Ashmead. N. S., Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., w. N. C, e. Tenn. Ont., Cole, s. B.
C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif., E. pictus pictus Holmgren is European. One specimen in the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection is labeled as being reared from Heterarthrus nemoratus
(Fall.), but this host record is almost certainly incorrect (see E. cuneatus Townes).
Exochus xanthopsis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 201. 6.
562 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
pleuralis Cresson. Mass., N. Y., Man., and Yukon s. to Md., 111., Tex., and Ariz. Host: Ancylis
comptana (Froel.), Anacampsis agrinioniella (Clem.), Acleris sp. on Vibtiniuin.
Exochus pleuralis Cresson. 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 286. <J.
Exochus pallipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 287. 6. Preocc. by Exochus
pallipen (Motchulsky), 1863.
Exochus evectus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 168. 9.
Exochus pallUlipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Hym. Cat., v. 3, p. 213. Emend.; Preocc. in Exochus
by Dalla Torre, 1901, p. 48.
postfurcalis Townes. N. S. w. to Man., s. to N. C, Kans., and Colo. Host: Episi7nus argutamcs
(Clem.), Acleris oxycoccana (Pack.).
Exochus postfurcalis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:242. 6,9.
pullatus Townes. Northern Man., interior Alaska.
Exochus pullatus Townes, 1959. Iti Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
197. 6, 9.
225. 6, 9.
semirufus Cresson. N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Sask., e. Kans., and Tex.
Exochus semirufus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. 6,9.
Mesoleius inflatifrons Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 107. 9.
Exochus ntfigaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 443. 9.
Exochus solitarius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 216. 6. Davis described
solitarius from a composite specimen; this synonymy is based upon the abdomen, which
was selected as lectotype by Townes (1945); the head and thorax are those of another
Exochus sp. which Townes did not identify.
signifer Townes. Maine, N. Y., n. Ohio, Mich., Wis., Minn., Utah, Alaska, B. C.
Exochus signifer Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
240. 9.
silus Townes. Northern Idaho, n. Utah, e. Calif. The type locality is River Heights (Cache Co.),
Utah.
Exochus silus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 261.
6, 9.
spilotus Townes. Coastal Maine, w. Ont., w. Wash. Host: Tortricid.
Exochus spilotus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
245. 9.
spinalis Townes. Central and s.w. Calif.; Honduras? Host: Clepsis peritana (Clem.).
Exochus spinalis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
202. 9.
stenostoma Townes. Ariz., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cadra figulilella (Greg.).
Exochus stenostoma Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 179. cJ, 9.
tenebrosus Townes. Northwestern Wyo., Colo., w. Wasn. Ecology: This species has been
collected at elevations between 8850 ft. and 11600 ft. in the Rocky Mts. and at 4700 ft.
in the Cascade Range.
Exochus tenebrosus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:220. 6,9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 563
turgidus Holmgren. Ont., Sask., and Mont. s. to n. Fla., La., N. Mex., and s. Calif.; Eurasia.
Host: Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.), Dioryctria arnatella (Hulst), D. auranticella (Grt.), D.
disclusa Hein., D. reniculella (Grt.).
Exochus turgidus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 312. 9.
Subfamily BANCHINAE
The distribution of this large subfamily is worldwide. The species are all thought to be inter-
nal larval parasites of Lepidoptera.
Tribe STILBOPINI
This small tribe includes three genera, only one of which is known from the Nearctic region.
According to Townes (1970) this is a moderate sized genus of Holarctic and Oriental distribu-
tion. An undescribed species is known from Maryland. The European S. abdominalis
(Gravenhorst) has been reared from the incurvarioid lepidopteran Adela reamurella (L.); its life
cycle is apparently analogous to that of pionine Ctenopelmatinae, the egg being deposited inside
that of the host and the adult emerging from the host after the latter has spun its cocoon.
Taxonomy: Short, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 26: 175-176
(fmal-instar larva). —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 405-406, 453.
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 7.
Tribe GLYPTINI
Ten genera are known. Three occur in the Nearctic region.
Only three species have been described, but according to Townes this is a moderately large
genus.It is principally Neotropic, but two species are Nearctic.
Glypta leiicozonata Ashmead, 1890 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 449. S.
Although only one Nearctic species is known, this is a fairly large Holarctic, Oriental, and
Ethiopian genus.
albiscutellaris Walsh. 111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and
apparently no concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was
described.
Glypta albiscutellaris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 127. 6.
animosa Cresson. Conn. s. to N. C, w. to Mich.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 155.
diversipes Walsh. 111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and apparently no
concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was described.
Glypta diversipes Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 125. 9.
egregiafovea Viereck. Ariz.
Glypta egregiafovea Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 292. 9.
erratica Cresson. Vt. s. to n. Ga., w. to e. S. Dak.
Glypta en-atica Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 152. 6, 9.
evetriae Cushman. Western Mont., Wash., Oreg., w. Calif. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
taxifoliella (Bsk.).
Glypta evetriae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 469. 6, 9.
exartemae Walley. N. Y., Ont. Host: Exartema vibumana McD.
Glypta exartemae Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 235. 6, 9.
fumiferanae (Viereck). N. B. w. to B. C, s. to Pa., Wis., N. mex., Ariz., and n.w. Calif. Host:
Sciapliila duplex (Wlsm.), Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.)?, Acleris variana (Fern.)?,
Choristoneura funiiferana (Clem.), C. lanibertiana (Bsk.), C. occidentalis Free., C. pinus
Free., C. retiniana (Wlsm.), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD.?, Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.)?
The few published records for this species as a parasite of Clioristoneura conflictana
(Wlk.) appear to be erroneous; all Glypta specimens I have seen which were reared
from C. conflictana are G. iyiversa (Cresson), a few of which were misidentified as G.
fumiferanae.
Conoblasta fumiferanae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 148. c5, 9.
inversa Cresson. Vt. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Conn., mich., N. Mex., and n.e. Calif. Host:
Archips argyronpiius (Wlk.), Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.), Sparganotliis
piitvianana Free., Malacosonia disstria (Hbn.), M. californicum fragile (Str.).
Glypta inversa Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 153. 9.
kukakensis Ashmead. Southwestern Alaska.
Glypta kiikakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 201. 9.
longiventris Cresson. Que., N. Y., 111.
Glypta longiventris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 154. 6.
macra Cresson. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Colo., Alta.
Glypta ynacra Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. 9.
Glypta coloradensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. 6.
Glypta ruficomis Provancher, 1873 (Dec). Nat. Canad. 5: 473. 6. Preocc by Walsh, 1873
(June?).
militaris Cresson. 111.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 249, 251.
rufofasciata Cresson. Que., Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., Ont., 111.
Glypta rufofasciata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. 6.
succineipennis Viereck. Western Kans.
Glypta succineipennis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 315. 9.
tricincta Provancher. Eastern Que.
Glypta tricincta Provancher, 1890. Nat. Canad. 19: 248. 6,9.
truncata (Provancher). Que., N. Y.
Clistopyga truncata Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 13. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 567
Tribe LISSONOTANINI
This is a very large tribe. Twenty-si.x genera were recognized by Townes (1970); ten of them
are represented by Nearctic species. The majority of the Nearctic species parasitize larvae of
Lepidoptera which conceal themselves when feeding, such as in cones, buds, stems, leaf rolls, etc
Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes expect to publish a revision of the Nearctic species in 1978.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 17-45 (genera of world).
This is a large genus which is restricted to the New World; all but one of the species are
Neotropic.
lunatus Kennedy. Md., D. C, Va., e. N. C, S. C, s. Ind., Ky., Tenn., s.e. Okla., Colo.
Mnioes lunatus Kennedy, 1966. Mich. Ent. 1: 17. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 25-27 (new generic synonyms).
acrobasidis (Ashmead). Southwestern Ind.
Polysphincta phycitis Riley, 1891. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
Biology: Decker, 1930; 1931. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 125: 160; 143: 345. —Decker,
1935. Iowa State Col. Jour. Sci. 9: 572.
coloradensis (Cresson). Man., Sask., Colo., Alta., B. C.
Lampronota coloradensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. 9.
conocola Rohwer, restored comb. Nebr., Ariz., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Tinea defectella ZelL,
Eucosma recissoriana Heinr., Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar).
Lissonota conocola Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 222. 6,9.
dakrumae (Ashmead), n. comb. Calif. Host: Cisthene faustinula {.fiisca Str., Holcocera sp.,
Dioryctria xantliaenobares Dyar.
Meniscus daknanae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
464. Nomen nudum.
Meniscus dakrumae Ashmead, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 212. 9. According to
1896.
notes on file in Museum the syntypes were reared from a species of
the U. S. Natl.
Holcocera feeding on Lecanium and from Cisthene faustinula i.fusca Str. feeding on
lichens.
Lissonota dioryctriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 221. 9.
davisi (Townes), n. comb. Southern Mich.
Lampronota angusta Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 30. 9. Preocc. by
Taschenberg, 1863.
Pimplopterus davisi Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 452. N. name for
Lampronota angusta Davis.
electra Viereck, restored comb. Northern N. Mex.
Lissonota electra Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 84. 9.
evetriae Rohwer, restored comb. Central Colo. Host: Holcocera sp.?, Barbara colfaxiayia
taxifoliella (Bsk.).
Lissonota evetriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 220. 6,9. The type-locality is
Lisso7wta sakala Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 287. N. name for L. alaskensis
Ashmead.
hilaris (Cresson), n. comb. Calif.
Lampronota hilaris Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 378. 9.
inconstans Cushman, restored comb. Western Oreg., s.w. Calif. Host: Melissopus latiferreanus
(Wlsm.).
Lissonota inconstans Cushman, 1940. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42: 157. 6,9.
interpellata (Walsh), n. comb. 111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire.
Lampronota interpellata Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 118. 3.
jacobi (Walley), n. comb. Southern B. C.
Asphragis jacobi Walley, 1942. Canad. Ent. 74: 234. 6, 9.
laevigata (Cresson). Que., N. Y., Ont., Alta.
Lampronota laevigata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 162. 9.
Lampronota levigata Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 516. Emend.
macra (Cresson), n. comb. Del.
Lampronota macra Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 163. 6.
montana (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to Va., N. Mex., and Nev. Host:
Crymodes devastator (Brace), Protagrotis obscunis (B. and M.).
Lampronota montana Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 267. 9.
Exetastes consiynilis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 278. 6.
Lampronota varia Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. S. N. syn.
Lampronota americana Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. 9. N. syn.
Lampronota amphimilaena Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 117. 6. N. syn.
Lampronota gelida Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 377. 6. N. syn.
Lampronota vivida Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 378. 6. N. syn.
N.
Lampronota Edwardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 379. 9.
syn.
Lampronota puritana Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 450. 9. N. syn.
HammaniellaC.) relativa Viereck, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 67. d. N. syn.
Echthrodoca clypearia Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 199. 6.
Harrimaniella ariel Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 86. 6.
nigricornis (Provancher). Que., N. Y., N. Mex., Oreg. Host: Eticosma
bobana Kft.
Lampronota nigricornis Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. 9.
nigripes (Provancher). Southeastern Ont.
Lainpronota nigripes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 118. 9.
prionoxysti (Rohwer), n. comb. Northern Va. Host: Prionoxystus sp. in Castanea dentata.
Amersibia prionoxysti Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 49: 224. 6,9.
punctata (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Colo.
Lampronota punctata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 160 (key), 163. 9. The
alternate spelling "punctulata" which appeared on p. 163 was rejected in favor of
punctata by Cushman (1925).
Lampronota albifacies Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 475. 6.
recurvariae Cushman, restored comb. Maine, N. Y.
Lissonota recurvariae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 552. 6,9.
rubrica (Cresson). Que. s. to Ga., w. to Iowa.
Lampronota rubrica Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. 9.
= 6.
Lampronota humeralis Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. "9"
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 571
Lissonota philipi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
314. 6.
scutellaris (Cresson). Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Ont., W. Va., Ill, Minn., Mo., Kans., n. N. Mex.
Host: Synanthedon tipulifonnis (Clerck), Filatima pseudoacaciella (Chamb.).
Lampronota scutellaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 161. 9.
Meniscus Crevieri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 29. 9.
Bathycetes nidia Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 85. 9.
segnis (Cresson), n. comb. Southwestern B. C.
Acad. Nat. Proc. 30: 378. 6.
Lampronota segnis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Sci. Phila.,
sesiavora (Rohwer), n. comb. R. I., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va. Host: Synanthedon pyri (Harris),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.)?
Proc. 15: 184. 6,9.
Stilbopoides sesiavora Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
sexcincta (Ashmead), n. comb. Colo.
Pimpla sexcmcta Ashmead, 1900. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 24. 6.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 172.
in fall on
tegularis (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn., Kans., and Tex. Ecology: Occurs
flowers of Solidago. Host: Tortricid leaf roller on Solidago^, Oligia fractilinea (Grt.)?
Incorrectly placed in Alloplasta by Barron (1975).
Lissonota rufipes Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. 9. Preocc. by Brischke, 1867.
Lampronota tegularis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 163. 6.
Arenetra Qnebecensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 141. 6.
Lampronota Provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 518. N. name for
Lampronota rufipes Provancher; because Lampronota nifipes Provancher is
Provancher's (1880 and 1883) lapsus for Lampronota rufipes (Cresson) (cf. Provancher,
1873), the name provancheri is unavailable.
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 539.
piceator bullata (Davis). Pa., Alta., Mont., Idaho, Wash. A. piceafor piceator (Thunberg) is
Eurasian. Treatment of bullata as a subspecis of piceator is based upon unpublished
information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Lampronota bullata Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 30. 9.
superba iridescens (Davis). Nev.
AsyvimictHS iridescens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 325. "9" = 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 29.
superba superba (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., Conn., N. Y., Wis., Tex.?, Sask.?, Colo.?
Meniscus superbus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 30. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
310.
canadensis Cresson. Southeastern Ont., Wis., w. Iowa, e. S. Dak., e. Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., s.
Idaho, e. Wash.
Arenetra canadensis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. 6.
hirsutula Walley, revised status. Southern Mich., s.e. Minn., s. Sask. Resurrection from
synonymy with canadensis based upon unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K.
Townes.
Arenetra hirsutula Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 169. 6.
leucotaenia Viereck, revised status. Mass., N. Y., Md., D. C, n. Va., n.e. Kans. Resurrection
from synonymy with nigrita based upon unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K.
Townes.
Arenetra leucotaenia Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 318. 9.
nigrita Cresson. N. H., Mass., Conn., N. J., Pa., n. Va., s. Wis., n. Miss., Iowa, e. S. Dak.
Are7ietra nigrita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 159. cJ, 9.
pallipes Harrington, revised status. Southeastern and n. Idaho, s.w. B. C, e. Wash., w. Oreg.
Resurrection from synonymy with nigrita based upon unpublished information provided
by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Arenetra pallipes Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 250. 6.
Arenetra pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 313. Unjustified emend.
rufipes Cresson, revised status. Que. w. to Alaska, s to s.e. N. Y., S. Dak., N. Mex., s. Idaho,
and s. Oreg. Host: Euxoa sp. Resurrection from synonymy with nigrita based upon
unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Arenetra rufipes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 159. 9.
Arenetra vernalis Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 171. 9. N. syn.; identification labels of Dr.
H. K. Townes on specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection indicate that he will be
treating vernalis as a sympatrie subspecies of rufipes.
Unplaced Taxa of Arenetra
In the forthcoming revision of Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes, the names below will presumably
be suppressed as synonyms of one or two of the Arenetra species listed above (cf. Townes and
Townes, 1951).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 573
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
310.
Arenetra occulta Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 170. cJ. Southwestern B. C.
Arenetra ventralis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 160. cJ. N. Y.
Cryptopivipla Taschenberg, 1863. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. [Halle] 21: 292.
Type-species: Pkytodietus blajidus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Apkanodon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 166.
Type-species: Phytodietus errabundus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Xenach Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 167.
Type-species: Lissmiota caligata Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Xenoconiia Schmiedeknecht, 1900. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 13: 334.
Type-species: Xenoconiia solitaria Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Trevoria Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 50.
Type-species: Trevoria ytikatateiisis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Fintona Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 726.
Type-species: Fintona nigripalpis Cameron. Monotypic.
This a moderate-sized genus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. It
is is best
represented in the Palearctic Region.
blanda jocosa (Cresson), n. status. Que. s. to W. Va., w. to 111. C. blanda blanda (Gravenhorst)
is European; treatment o{ jocosa as a subspecies of blanda is based upon unpublished
Tryphon fractiis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 101. 6.
Polyblastus decorattis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 107.
"9"= 6.
Polyblastus inomatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 108. 9 .
marginata (Provancher). Que., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Ont., W. Va. Host: Trichotaphe levisella Fyles.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 43-44 (N. Amer. spp. referred to
genus).
michiganensis (Davis). Northern Va., n.w. S. C, s. Mich., Mo., n.e. Kans. Host: Stenoma
schlaegeri Zell., Psilocorsis reflexella Clem.
Meniscus Michiganensis Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 323. 9.
mirabilis (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. C, w. to Mich., e. Kans., and Ariz. Host:
Aroga trialbaniaculella (Chamb.), Filatima pseudoacaciella (Chamb.)?, tortricid on
Myrica asplenifolia.
Meniscus mirabilis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 166. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 575
bethunei (Cresson). Ont. s. to central Ga., w. to n.e. Kans. Host: Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy.).
Meniscus Bethunei Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. 9.
Meniscus/ Johnsonii Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 323. 9.
Tribe BANCHINI
This is a small tribe of worldwide distribution. Four of the nine currently recognized genera
are represented by Nearctic species. The hosts are caterpillars of Lepidoptera which expose
themselves when feeding. Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes have essentially completed a revision of
the Nearctic species and expect to publish it in 1978.
caliginosus (Walley). Southern Sask., e. Wyo.?, Alta. This species was not included in the
revision of Cushman (1937).
Areiietra caligiiiosa Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 168. 6.
convergens Cushman. Ont., w. S. Dak., Wyo., Colo., s.w. Alta., w. Mont., Alaska, s. B. C, w.
Oreg.
Exetastes subiinpressus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 288. 6, 9. N. syn.
Exetastes nigribasis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 289. cJ, 9. N. syn.
Exetastes nifobalteatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 290. 6, 9. N. syn.
Exetastes angustus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 290. 9. N. syn.
Exetastes convergens Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 291. 9.
corvinus Cushman. Western Wash., w. Nev., Calif.
Exetastes corvinus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 303. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 577
Ta.xonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 8: 137.
ornatus Cushman. N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Ohio, Mich.
Exetastes oniatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 286. 6, 9.
pallidus Cushman. Northwestern S. Dak., Colo.
Exetastes pallidus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 266. 9.
pectinatus Cushman. Sask., w. S. Dak., Colo., s.w. Alta., n.w. Mont., n.e. Calif.
Exetastes pectinatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 272. 9.
pictus Cushman. Western Tex., s. Ariz.; Mexico.
Exetastes pictus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 260. 9.
pilosus Cushman. Western Oreg.
Exetastes pilosus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 364. <J, 9.
bradleyi (Viereck). N. J., n. Va., n. Ohio, s. 111., n.e. Kans. Host: Cirrophanus triangulifer Grt.
This is obviously the species upon which Ashmead (1900) based his description of
Agathobanchus; however, because Ashmead misidentified bradleyi as Banchus aeqiiatus
Say, Agathobanchus is placed as a synonym oi Acroricnus (which see) rather than
Agathilla.
Agathobanchus bradleyi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 303. 6,9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 579
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 97. — Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158-159.
ornata (Say). Mass., s. Ont., s. Wis., and n.e. Calif., s. to n. Fla., s. La., s. N. Mex., and s.e. Calif.;
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 21-22. -Townes and Townes,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 319-320.
Biology: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 51.
631.
Type-species: Banclms monileatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Cidapliiirus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh.
25: 159.
tion. About half of the Nearctic species are undescribed. Dr. Michael Fitton is preparing a revi-
sion of the western Palearctic species.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 104 (syn.).
monileatus alticola (Ashmead). Colo., N. Mex.
Cidaphurus alticola Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 148. S.
Banchus alticolus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 474. Unjustified emend.
monileatus monileatus Gravenhorst. Que., s.w. Alta., Alaska; Greenland; Eurasia.
Banchus monileatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 393. 6, 9.
Banchus fortnidabilis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 61. 9.
Banchus {Coryne phones) groenlandicus Aurivillius, 1890. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Bihang
tilHandl. 15:30. 6,9.
nigrolineatus (Cameron). Southern Idaho, w. Nev., s.e. and w. Calif.
Cidaphurus nigrolineatus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 129. S.
Subfamily NEORHACODINAE
This small subfamily includes two genera, only one of which occurs in the Nearctic region.
Subfamily CTENOPELMATINAE
This isa large subfamily; its distribution is worldwide, but it is best represented in the
Holarctic Region. The vast majority of the species are thought to be internal parasites of sawfly
larvae; however, two species of Lathrolestes (one Neartic and one European) have been reared
from primitive microlepidoptera of the family Eriocraniidae. The unreliable nature of Townes'
(1970) keys to the genera appears to indicate that this subfamily is very difficult taxonomically.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 53-143 (genera of world).
Tribe CTENOPELMATINI
Five genera are included in this small Holarctic tribe; four of them have nearctic species. The
known hosts are Pamphiliidae.
areolatum (Davis). N. H.
Diedrus areolatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 324. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 93. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 560.
Tribe PIONINI
Sixteen genera are currently recognized. Only six of them have Nearctic species. It is thought
that all members of this tribe oviposit into the egg or early larval instar of their sawfly hosts.
The host larva is not killed until after it has reached the prepupal stage and spun its cocoon.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 70.
kukakensis (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska.
Trematopygus kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 9.
Gnesia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 202. Preocc. by Doubleday,
1848.
Type-species: Gnesia caliroae Rohwer. Monotypically included and desig. by
Rohwer, 1915.
Hodostates Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 202.
584 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 70-71 (syn.).
semirufus (Cresson). Que. w. to s.w. B. C., s. to N. J., 111., Colo., and w. Oreg.
Tryphon semirufus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 278. 9.
Tryphon rufocinctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 280. 9.
Tryphon tuberculifer Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 103. "9"
= 6.
Taxonomy: Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 287, 332.
tomostethi (Cushman). Mass., Md., s.w. Iowa. Host: Tornostetlius multicinctus (Roh.).
Oocenteter tomostethi Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 556. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 723, 727. —Townes, Townes,
and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 217. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 13: 73.
European.
Erromeiius obscurellus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 373. 9.
Treniatopygus eriocainpoididis Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 135. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 245 (syn.).
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 81-82 (spp. referred to genus).
aciculata (Davis). Mont.
Monoblastus aciculatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 262. 6.
hurra (Cresson). Que. s. to s.e. Ga., w. to e. Iowa.
Tryphon bnrrus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 108. 9.
Baryceros rhopalocerus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 269. Barron (1975) appears to
have had valid grounds for rejecting the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer
(1918).
Mesoleptus largus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 98. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 33. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
493, 545.
clinata (Walley). Southwestern Alta.
Stiphrosomus cUnatus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 190. 9.
fucata fucata (Cresson). Que. w. to s.w. Alta., s. to N. C, Colo., and n. Ariz.
Mesoleptus fucatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 99.
Mesoleptus erectus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 317. 9.
Mesoleptus laetus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 231. "9"
= 6. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.
Syndip7ius erythrogaster Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 385. 6.
fucata nigropleuralis (Davis). Nev.
Mesoleptus nigropleuralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 317. 3.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 587
Tribe PERILISSINI
Eighteen genera are currently recognized; eleven of them are represented by native Nearctic
species and a twelfth genus is represented by an introduced species. The tribe is apparently
not
known from the Australian Region.
Mesoleptus sedulus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 97. "S" = 9.
According to Townes this is a moderately large genus which is Neotropic; at least one un-
described species occurs in Texas.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 88 (syn.).
fumipennis (Provancher). Que., N. H., N. Y.
Westivoodia fumipennis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 329. 9.
longipes (Davis). Tex.
Syndipnus longipes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 288. 9.
opulenta (Davis). N. H., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Md.
Erigloea opulenta Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 275. 9.
sup. 2, p. 174.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 92-93 (redescription and
additional spp. referred).
frontosus (Davis), comb. Wash. Dr. Henry K. Townes kindly informed me (personal
n.
commun., 1976) that his most recent notes on the lectotype indicate that this species
belongs in Trematopygodes.
Labrossyta frontosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 24: 275. 9 (<J misdet.?).
oculatus (Davis). Md., Tex.
Oetophorus oculatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 252. 9.
osflavus (Davis). N. Y., Pa., Mich.
Oetophorus osflavus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 252. 9.
Pseudoclwnts Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 95.
Type-species: Pseudochorus kuriani Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This large genus is known from the Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian Regions, but is
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 95.
discolor (Cresson). Que. w. to Sask. and Idaho, s. to D. C, Kans., and Colo. Host: Empria
coryli (Dyar).
Mesoleptus unicolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 271. [female].
Mesoleptus discolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 3: 271. S. In his revision, Burks
(1952) incorrectly suppressed discolor as a synonym of unicolor, apparently having
regarded page priority as grounds for disregarding Townes' (1945) first revisor decision.
Townes (1970) placed discolor as a subspecies of P.filicomis (Gravenhorst), but Townes
(1976, personal commun.) has confirmed supposition that this was an error; it had
my
been his intention to place Mesoleptus decoloratus Cresson (which see) as a subspecies
of P. filicornis.
Pyracmon nifuni Provancber, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 365. 2.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 498. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 95.
filicornis decoloratus (Cresson), n. status. N. S. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Pa., Ill, Colo., and
B. C. P. filicornis filicornis (Gravenhorst) is European.
Mesoleptus decoloratus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 265. 3.
Perilissus southwickii Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 196. 6.
590 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
(Geoffroy). The host listed was the target species for the most recent introductions in
Ont.
Ichneumon luteator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
259; 9: 308. 9. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1798.
Paniscus oblongopunctatus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk.
1:272. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 266, 291. — Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent.
15: 855-856.
Biology: Pschorn-Walcher, 1967. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 8: 9-15, 44.
—Griffiths, Rose, and Bird, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control (Trididad), Tech.
Commun. 4: 107, 157, 158, 160-161. —Rose, 1977 (1976). Canad. Ent. 108: 1395-1398.
Genus OPHELTES Holmgren
Opheltes Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forh. 15: 323.
Campoplex flavipennis Provancher, 1874 (May). Nat. Canad. 6 (5): 143. 9. Preocc. by
Cresson, 1874 (January).
Opheltes glaucopterus var. barberi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 16. 9.
Opheltes glaucopterus galbipetmis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 54. N. name for C flavipennis Provancher. N. syn.
.
Biology: Orcutt and Aldrich, 1892. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 30: 5. Fyles, 1894. Ent. Soc.
—
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 25: 54, 55. —
Comeau, 1944. Ann. de L'Acfas (Montreal) 10: 103.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 591
Morphology: Whitmarsh, 1910. Ent. Sec. Amer., Ann. 3: 197, 204-206, 208.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 100 (syn.).
luteolator (Gravenhorst). N. Y., w. N. C, n. Ga., Wis.; Europe.
Mesoleptus luteolator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 42. 6.
Tryphon Gorskii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 126. i.
Polyoncus suburbe Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Pfankuch, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 22 (syn.). —Townes, 1944. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 502 (syn.).
mentalis (Davis). N. H., N. C, n. Ga.
Polyoncus mentalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. 9.
Monoblastus nigriventris Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 12: 321. Nomen nudum.
mnemonicae (Rohwer). Northern Va. Host: Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlshm.). Notes in
the U. S. Natl. Museum seem to indicate that this host record is correct. The host is a
592 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Lathrolestes nasoni Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 264. 9 {6 misdet.?).
Latholestes similis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 265. 9.
Lathrolestes nasonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 321. Emend.
nigricollis (Thomson). Europe. Introduced in insular Newfoundland in 1973; because only ten
adults were released, estabhshment would seem to have been precluded. Host: Fenusa
pusilla (Lep.). The host cited was the target species for the release of nigricollis in
Newfoundland.
Perilissus (Luphyroscopus) nigricollis Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 915. i.
PerilissHs minutiis Bridgman, 1888 (1887). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 35: 370. 6. syn.?
obscurellus (Davis). Conn., N. Y.
Spanotecnus obscurellus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 304. 9.
pictus Cushman. Eastern S. Dak.
Phytodietus truncatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 371. 9. Preocc. in
Lathrolestes by Provancher, 1888.
Lathrolestes pictus Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 82 (14): 11. 3.
Lathrolestes cinctiis Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 502. N. name for P.
truncatus Davis.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 100.
platynus (Davis). Southern Mich.
Polyoncus platynus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. cJ.
Polyonciis iinicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. 9.
ruflgaster Cushman. Maine, Va., N. C, Ont., Ohio. Host: Metallus rokweri MacG., sawfly on
blackberry, leaf miner.
Lathrolestes rnfigaster Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 82 (14): 13. 6, 9.
scutellatus (Ashmead). D. C, n. Va.
Prionopoda scutellata Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 441. 9.
tomostethi (Cushman). Mass., N. Y., Ohio. Host: Tomostethus multicinctus (Roh.).
Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 558. cJ, 9.
Perilissus tomostethi
truncatus (Provancher). Western N. C.?. s.w. B. C.
Mesochonis truncatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 365. 9.
Tribe SCOLOBATINI
This small Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental tribe includes three genera, two of which are
represented in North America.
auriculatus (Fabricius). N. H., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ont., Mich., Tex., n. B. C. Ecology: Three
specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection were collected in July from snow at an
altitude of 7000 ft. at London Hill Mine, Bear Lake, B. C. Host: Arge clavicomis (F.), A.
pectoralis (Leach), A. scapularis (Klug).
Ichneummi auriculatus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 69.
Ichneumon auriculator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
266; 9: 323. Emend.
Ichneumon elevator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
266; 9: 323. S. Preocc. by Panzer, 1799.
Scolobates crassitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 360. 6, 9.
Scolobates hylotomae Kriechbaumer, 1877. Ent. Nachr. 3: 135. 6, 9.
Prionopoda canadensis Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 98. 9.
Scolobates auriculatus var. niger Roman, 1917. Ent. Tidskr. 38: 273. 9. Syn.?
Scolobates auriculatus var. nigrifacies Teunissen, 1953. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 96: 16. 9. Syn.?
Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 15: 330 (syn.).
-Roman, 1912. ZooL Bidr. Uppsala 1: 235, 252 (syn.). -Bauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 745
(syn.).
Biology: Pschom-Walcher and Kriegl, 1965. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 56: 268-269.
Tribe MESOLEIINI
This is a large Holarctic tribe. Taxonomically, it is possibly the most difficult group of Ichneu-
monidae. This seems to be reflected in the fact that to use Townes' (1970) key to the genera it is
particularly necessary to have a collection including reliably identified representatives
of the
various genera.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 104-127 (genera of world).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 116 (Nearctic spp. assigned).
antennatus (provancher). Que., N. Y.?
Mesoleius antennatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 15. 9. Barron's (1975) rejection of
the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918) appears to be valid inasmuch as
Provancher did not indicate that he had more than one specimen.
Mesoleius antennatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 260. 9. Preocc. by Provancher,
1877; Provancher's 1879 description is apparently an inadvertent second description as a
new species of the same specimen he described in 1877.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 31. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
426.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 116-117 (Nearctic spp. assigned).
canaliculatus (Provancher). Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to D. C. and n. Calif.
Paniscus canaliculatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 105. 6.
Paniscus albotarsatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 106. 6.
difficilis (Davis). Colo., s.w. Alta., w. Wash.
Rhaestes difficilin Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 312. S.
Davis, 1898 (1897).
innoxius (Cresson). Nev., s. B. C, w. Wash.
Mesoleptus innoxius Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 371. 6.
lucens (Provancher). Que., N. H., N. C, n. Ga., s. Mich.
Campoplex lucens Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 144. 6. Barron (1975) regarded the
holotype of C. lucens as being lost; therefore, application of the name should be based
upon the synonymy of Townes (1945).
Mesoleptus riparius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 315. 6,9.
Hadrodactylus affinis Ashmead, 1902 In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 514. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
499-500.
luteifrons (Cresson). Southwestern N. W. T.
Mesoleptus luteifrons Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 99. 6.
notatus Davis. Alta., w. Wash., Oreg.
Alexeter notatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 321. 6.
scapularis (Cresson). N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md.
Mesoleptus scapularis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 98. i.
Taxonomy: Walley, 1938. Canad. Ent. 70: 231 (syn. and lectotype selection). —Barron, 1975.
Nat. Canad. 102 508.
pallidicornis (Walley). Northern Ont.
Protarchoides pallidiconiis Walley, 1938. Canad. Ent. 70: 231. 9.
albopictus Cushman. Japan. Introduced in N. B. in 1939, but the small number of individuals
(22) released would seem to have precluded establishment. The target species for the
release in N. B. was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Lamachus albopictus Cushman, 1937. Insecta Matsumurana 12: 37. 6, 9.
angularius (Davis). Southern Idaho, Wash., w. Oreg. Host: Neodiprion scutellatus Roh., N.
tsugae Midd.
Adexiovia angularia Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 284. 9.
Lamachus Oregon Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 401. cJ, 9.
coalitorius (Thunberg). Europe. Introduced in N. S., N. B., Que., N. H., Vt., Mass., and Ont.
between 1936 and 1940, apparently without becoming established. The target species for
releases in North America was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Ichneumon coalitorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
apparently overlooked the fact that Roman (1912) had suppressed ophthalmicus as a
synonym of coalitorius.
Mesoleius marginatus Brischke, 1871. Phys.-Oekonom. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 11: 74.
6. N. syn.
Mesoleius spectabilis Holmgren, 1876. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 13: 8. 9. N.
syn.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 244, 291. -Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent.
15: 861-862.
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 369.
—
Finlayson and
Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 587-589.
contortionis Davis. Maine s. to n. Fla., w. to Wis. and Ark. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. pratti
banksia7iae Roh.
Lamachus^ contortionis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 284. 9.
Lagarotis diprioni Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 217. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 597
eques (Hartig). Europe. Introduced in N. B., Que., Vt., N. J., and Ont. between 1936 and 1941,
apprently without becoming established. Host: Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.). The host
cited was one of the target species for releases in North America; the other target
species was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Tryphon eques Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 272. [male,
female].
Mesoleius silvarum Holmgren, 1876. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 13: 10. 6, 9.
Biology: Pschorn-Walcher, 1967. Commowealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 8: 15-18, 45.
lophyri (Ashmead). N. B., Maine, N. H., Mass., Ont., Wis. Host: Neodiprio7i abietis (Harris), N.
abbotii (Leach), N. nanuhis rianulus Schedl, N. pinetiim (Nort.), N. pinusrigidae
(Nort.), N. pratti banksianae Roh.
Neoeryma lophyri Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4:
169. 6, 9.
Labrossyta ruficoxalis Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 118. 9.
Laniachus ruficomisC.) Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 400.
tsugae Cushman. Que., Ont., w. Oreg. Host: Neodiprion abbotii (Leach), A^. nanulus nanulus
Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., A^. tsugae Midd.
Laniachus tsugae Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 401. cj, 9.
virginianus (Rohwer). Mass., Va., e. N. C, Ohio. Host: Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch). Probably
not distinct from L. lophyri (Ashmead).
Lagarotis virginia^ius Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 218. 6.
This Holarctic genus includes two described species. The type-species is European.
incessans (Davis). N. H., Colo.? The lectotype was collected on Mt. Washington, N. H. by A. T.
Slosson, apparently in the "alpine region."
Rhaestes incessans Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 311. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 119.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 120 (Nearctic spp. assigned).
gesticulator tarda (Provancher). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n. Ga., Mich., Colo., and Oreg. S.
gesticulator gesticulator (Thunberg) is Eurasian.
Tryphon tardus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Cariad. 7: 119. 9.
Mesoleius;' laetus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 372. S. Formerly
preocc. in Mesoleptus by Gravenhorst, 1829.
598 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Lampronota nigropicta Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 31. 6. Syn.?; regarded as a
subspecies distinct from gestiailator tarda by Townes (1970), but evidently would have
a range entirely overlapped by g. tarda.
Mesoleptiis distinctits Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 314. 6, 9. Syn.?
Preocc. by Cresson, 1864.
Mesoleptiis nigralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 314. 9. Syn.?
Mesoleptus pictus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 315. 6, 9. Syn.?
Presumably the species described in Davis' key as distinctus.
Mesoleptus Vancouveriensis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym. v. 3, p. 365. N. name for
Mesoleius laetus Cresson.
Scopasisd) monticola Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.
Hyposyntactus flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 217. 6.
Scopesis monticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 26. <5, 9. Syn.?
rufonotatus fidelis (Davis). N. H., N. Y., N. C, n. Ga., w. Wash. S. nifonotatus nifonotatus
(Holmgren) is European.
Mesoleius fidelis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 297. S, 9.
Ithagenes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 158. Preocc. by Agassiz, 1846.
Type-species: Ichneumon defectivus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1970.
Himerta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.
Type-species: Enryproctus (Himertus) bisannulatus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from two species included by Thomson, 1883.
Clepsiporthus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.
Type-species: Mesoleptus rubiginosus Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Davis, 1898.
Enoecetis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.
Type-species: Enoecetis scutellaris Kriechbaumer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897.
Dolioctenus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.
Type-species: Ichneumon defectivus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Himertus Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 926. Emend.
Neoprotarchus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 10.
Type-species: Neoprotarchus ater Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Daisetsuzania Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 289.
Type-species: Daisetsuzania albifrons Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.
Spudaea Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheyilande, Verh. 25: 211. Preocc. by Snellen van
Vollenhoven, 1867.
Type-species: Tryphon leucostonius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Thomson, 1883.
Rkinotonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 599
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 122.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 123-124.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945.Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 519 (suppressed as syn. of Mesoleius
visoris Davis). —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 124 (regarded as not
congeneric with M. visoris).
euurae (Ashmead). Northeastern Calif. Host: Ponta^iia resinicola (Marl.).
Bassus euurae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 440. S.
insularis (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska, Wash.
Zootreplies insularis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 225. 6.
kukakensis (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska.
Calliphrurus kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. 9.
lituratus (Holmgren). Southeastern N. W. T.?; n. Eurasia. Recorded from Akpatok Isl., N. W.
T. by Poulton (1934); specimen apparently identified by C. Ferriere.
Mesoleius lituratus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 147.
6.
Mesoleius Sahlbergi Woldstedt, 1874. Bidr. till Kann. Finlands Nat. 21: 44. 9.
Mesoleius (Saot2is) rubidus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 935. 9. Syn.?; suppressed as a
syn. of lituratus "var." Sahlbergi by Roman (1909).
Mesoleius sahlbergii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 266. Emend.
According to Townes (1970) this small Holarctic genus includes two undescribed Nearctic spe-
cies.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 124.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (restriction of definition and
list of Nearctic spp. remaining in genus).
articularis Davis. Sask., Colo.?, Wash.
Mesoleius articularis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 300. 9.
audax Davis. N. H.
Mesoleius audax Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 601
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (syn.).
minor (Ashmead). Southwestern Alasita.
Calliphnirus affinis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 221. 9. Preocc. in
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (syn.).
catalogs of Ichneumonidae. However, it seems likely that the species will be found in
the Aleutian Islands.
Mesoleius stejnegeri Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 337. 9.
tarsalis (Cresson). Que., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Md., N. C, Alta. Host: Croesus latitarsus Nort.
Tryphon tarsalis Cresson, 1868 Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 106. 9 {6 misdet.?).
tenthredinis Morley. Newfoundland (insular) w. to n. Alta. and central B. C, s. to n. Md., Wis.,
and Mont.; Europe; Japan. Introduced. Host: Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Gilpinia
hercyniae (Htg.). Parasitism of G. hercyniae appears at most to be very occasional.
Effectiveness as a parasite of P. erichsonii decreased greatly as a resistant strain of
erichsonii capable of encapsulating the eggs of M. tenthredinis spread throughout much
of the present Nearctic range of erichsonii. Attempts to diversify the gene pool of the
North American population of tenthredinis (EngHsh origin) by releasing specimens from
Bavaria which are resistant to egg encapsulation are presumably too recent (1963
through 1969) for signs of success to be evident.
Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley, 1912. In Hewitt, Canada Expt. Farms, Bui. (ser.2) 10: 26.
6, 9.
Mesoleius romani Teunissen, 1945. Leyden Rijks Mus. van Natuurlijke Hist., Zool. Meded.
25:209. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
334 (syn.).
Chron. 32: 21. -Drooz, 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50: 212. —
Drooz, 1960. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1212: 29-32. —
McGugan and Coppel, 1962. In McCleod, McGugan, and Coppel,
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 2: 110-114. Turnock and Muldrew, —
1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 4: 177-180, 181-182, 186-188.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 126.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 609 (variation).
mellipes (Provancher). Que.
Echthrus viellipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 60. 9 (d misdet.).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
332, 333, 334. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 445, 448, 545, 554-555.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 603
Que.
Mesoleius comeaui Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 511. N. name for Tryphon
canaliculatus Provancher (which see).
Mesoleius groeiilandicus Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 285. <J. Greenland.
Que.
Tribe EURYPROCTINI
occur in the
This tribe Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental, but the majority of the taxa
is
Holarctic region only. Of the sixteen genera currently recognized, twelve have Nearctic species.
Zootrephes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 162. This name was
suppressed as a synonym of Synodites by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965)
who were
acting as first revisors. It should be noted that volume 25 of
Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande,
Verh. was published in two halves; Zootrephes appeared in the first half and Syyiodites
appeared in the second half. If it is subsequently shown that the second half or the
author's separates it would, of course, be necessary to suppress Synodites as a synonym
of Zootrephes. Zootrephes.
Type-species: Bassus {Zootrephes) hilaris Woldstedt.
By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Woldstedt, 1880.
1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208, 220. The variant
Sychnoportus Foerster,
spelling Sychiioporthus appeared on p. 220.
Type-species: Sychnoportus rufopectus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy
from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Listrota Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.
604 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
virginiensis (Ashmead). Que., N. H., Va., N. C, n. Ga. Host: Sawfly on white birch.
Bassus virginiensis Ashmead, 1890. (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 440. 9.
Mesoleius piiritanicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. 9.
Polyterus albipectus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 192. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 132 (status of Nearctic spp.
changed).
assiduus assiduus (Cresson). Mass., Mich., Sask.
Mesoleptus assiduus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 97. cJ.
Mesoleptidea Viereck, 1912 (Sept. 30). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 176.
Type-species: Mesoleptus cingulahis Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.
Gnathonophorus Schmiedeknecht, 1912 (Nov.). Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2519.
Type-species: Gnathonophorus moricei Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1913.
This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.
decens (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Va., Colo. Host: Sawfly on Sanibucus.
Mesoleptus decens Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 101. 6.
I., N. Y., N. J.
flavifrons (Cresson). N. H., R.
Mesoleptus flavifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 269. i.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 133 (generic transfer).
kodiakensis (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska.
Hypocryptus kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 208. 6.
unalaskae (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska.
Mesoleptus unalaskae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 210. 9.
Epachthes Foerster. That is, he was proposing a "new name" for Epachthes Foerster
sensu Thomson. Schmiedeknecht indicated that Thomson placed two unrelated species in
Epachtus, Tryphon erythropalpus "Gravenhorst" and Mesoleius tenellus Holmgren;
Schmiedeknecht placed Tryphon erythropalpus (desig. as the type-species oi Epachthes
by Viereck, 1914) in Trematopygus and proposed his "new name for Epachtus" only for
Mesoleius tenellus Holmgren.
Type-species: Mesoleius teiiellus Holmgren. Monotypic.
This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.
Taxonomy: Idar, 1974. Ent. Scand. 5: 23 (discussion bearing on identity of Ichneumon tiphae
Geoffroy).
coxatus (Davis). N. Y. s. to Va., w. to s.w. S. Dak.
Hadrodactylus elongatus var. coxatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 320.
6, 9.
elongatus (Cresson). Mass., Alta.
Mesoleptus elongatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 96. S, 9.
femoratus (Davis). Colo. See Hadrodactylus seldoviae (Ashmead).
Catoglyptus femoratus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 310. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 489. — Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 80.
delicatus (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska, Sask. Not included in the revision by Walley
(1940).
Tlemon delicahis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 216. 6.
gaspesianus (Provancher). Que. Host: Pikonenia alaskensis (Roh.). According to Townes and
Townes (1951), S. gaspesianus is "transcont. in Canad. Zone."
Tryphon gaspesiaiius Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 252. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
337.
lateralis (Gravenhorst). N. H., s. Alta.; Europe. Host: Pachynematus extensicortiis (Nort.).
Tryphon lateralis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 690. [male].
Syndipnus punctiscuta Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2005. S, 9.
albopictus (Gravenhorst). Maine, s.e. and Wash., n.w. Calif.; Europe. Host:
s.w. Alaska, central
Anoplonyx laricivorus (R. and M.), Pristiphora abbreviata (Htg.).
Tryphon albopictus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 255. 6.
608 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Mesoleius transfiiga Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 164.
6, 9.
Calliphninis popofensis Asiimead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 221. 9.
Calliphmrun glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. 6.
Mesoleius gyvinonychi Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 223. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 200. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 163 (syn.). —Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 20. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad.
102: 551.
striatus (Davis). Maine, Colo., Alta., Wash.; Mexico. Host: Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.)
Mesoleptus striatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. 6.
Mesoleptus torpens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. 3, 9.
Mesoleptus scrupulosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. 6,9.
Mesoleius balteatus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 55: 541. 9.
uniformis (Provancher). Que., Ont., Alta. Host: Trichiosoma triangulum Kby.
Campoplex unicolor Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 144. S. Formerly preocc. in
Mesoleptus by Cresson, 1864.
Mesoleptus uniforinis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 232. N. name for C. unicolor
Provancher.
by Viereck, 1911.
Only one species is known.
caliroae Viereck. N. Y., Va., La., n.e. Kans. Host: Caliroa liturata MacG., C. sp. on Quercus
rubra.
Hyperallus caliroae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 189. d, 9.
Polyterus caliroae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 221. 6. Preocc. in Hyperallus
by Viereck, 1911.
Hyperallus virginiensis Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 528. N. name for P.
caliroae Rohwer.
Taxonomy: Townes. 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 138 (syn.).
Cushman, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 97, pt. 5, p. 101-102.
Biology:
Euryproctus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 109.
1912.
Type-species: Mesoleptus ainiulatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck,
Sychnoleter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 197.
included and
Type-species: Mesoleptus geniculosus Gravenhorst. Monotypically
desig. by Thomson, 1889.
Hypocryptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.
Type-species: Mesoleptus (Hypocryptus) testaceiconiis Brischke. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Brischke, 1892. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of £. niundus (Gravenhorst).
Xenonastes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 208.
Type-species: Euryproctus alpinus Holmgren. Monotypically included
and desig. by
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Fovaya Cameron, 1903. Ztchr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 341.
Type-species: Fovaya annulicornis Cameron. Monotypic.
This large genus is Holarctic and Oriental (a few spp.).
Revision: Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 327-330.
albocinctus Davis. N. H.
Euryproctus albocinctus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. 9.
albopunctus Davis. N. H.
Euryroctus albopunctus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. i, 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 32. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
461.
Euryproctus seiiti^iis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 330. 9.
Subfamily ANOMALONINAE
This isa medium-sized subfamily of worldwide distribution. Gauld (1976) recognized only two
tribes and 35 genera or subgenera as opposed to the four tribes and 37 genera recognized by
Townes (1971). Although I am not entirely convinced that the several genera reduced to sub-
generic status by Gauld should be treated as subgenera, and although I generally regard the
subgeneric category as being a nomenclatural nuisance, I have nevertheless followed Gauld's
classification here, because in its entirety it appears to be an excellent piece of work.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 122-159 (genera of world). —Gauld,
1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 1-135 (genera of world).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 611
Tribe GRAVENHORSTIINI
Members of this tribe are internal parasites of Lepidoptera, ovipositing into the larvae ana al-
Gauld (1976) recognized four subgenera, three of which are represented by Nearctic species.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 130-131. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 31-41.
Macrostemvia Shestakov, 1923. Mus. Zool., Russ. Acad. Sci., Ann. 24: 46.
Type-species: Macrostemma elegans Shestakov. Monotypic.
Fonnonanomalon Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 21: 241.
Type-species: For)nosano7nalo7i baibarense Uchida. Monotypic
and orig. desig.
This small subgenus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The "Marginal Index" of the
Nearctic species disagrees with Gauld's (1976) definition of the subgenus Habronyx, and Gauld
in his key couplet which dif-
appears to have placed too much emphasis on this character
ferentiates the subgenera Habronyx and Camposcopus.
aclerivorus (Rohwer). Maine, R. I., Pa., Mich., Minn. Host: Paralobesia viteana (Clem.),
Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst, A. rubrifasciella Pack., Acleris sp., Argyrotaenia
velutinana (Wlk.).
Camposcopus aclerivora Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 226. 9.
612 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Habronyx subg. Hahrocampuhim Gauld Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 38.
1976. Brit.
Type-species: Anomalon biguttatum Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a small Holarctic subgenus. I am grateful to have been informed of the existence of a
Nearctic species by Dr. Ian Gauld (personal commun., 1977). Dr. Gauld said that the Nearctic
specimens he had seen were in the collection of the American Entomological Institute, Ann
Arbor, Mich.
This is a large genus which is known from all zoogeographic regions except the Ethiopian. The
Nearctic species are being revised by Dr. H. P. Hopper.
hyalinus (Norton). Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to 111. Host: Datana contracta Wlk., Schizura concinna
(J. E. S.), Symmerista albifrons (J. E. Phosphila turbulenta Hbn., Halisidota caryae
S.),
(Harris).
Anomalon hyaline Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 361. 9.
Anomalon nigro-rufus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 361. 9.
Anoinalon basilicon Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 359. 9.
Aiiomalon edemae Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 360. 6, 9.
puparum (Ashmead). Mid-coastal Calif. Host: Noctuid.
Agrypon puparum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 424. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 139-140. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 44-46.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111. -Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 47-48.
smithii (Davis). N. J., Ga.
Attovialon smithii Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 357. 6.
sulcata (Provancher). Vt., R. I., N. Y., Ont.
Podogaster sulcatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 90. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 140. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 46-48.
pallitarsis (Cresson), n. comb. N. Y., Del., W. Va., S. C, Tex. Host: Cirropkanus triangulifer
Grt.
Anomalon pallitarse Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 170. S.
Anoynalon palliditarse Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 168. Emend.
schlingeri Townes. Southern Calif. Known from a single male collected at a locality cited by
Townes as 3 miles west of "Octoella Wells," CaHf. It is apparent that this is a
misspelling for Ocotilla Wells in San Diego County. The type-locality would presumably
lie at the eastern edge of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.
Liopterna sclilingeri Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 138. 6.
According to Townes(1971) this moderately large genus is known from all zoogeographic re-
gions except the Australian Region.
Taxonomy: Uchida, 1958. Insecta Matsumurana 21: 92-93 (syn). —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 380-381 (syn.).
Morphology: Iwata, 1960. Acta Hym. 1: 169 (ovary and egg).
confusum (Ashmead). Va., N. C, S. C, Tex. Host: Acronicta americana (Harris), A.
hastulifera (J. E. S.).
Schizoloma confusa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 426. 9.
Exochilum acronyctae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
155. Nomen nudum.
Exochilum acronyctae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 190. 9. Townes (1945)
selected as lectotype the specimen which Ashmead erroneously recorded as being from
D. C; the type-locality is actually Va.
Heteropelma longipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 120,
363. S.
Anomalon simile Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 423. 9.
morio (Fabricius). N. S. w. to Wash., s. to s. Fla., s.e. Kans., and n.w. Nev.; Mexico. Host:
Cycnia inopinata (Hy. Edw.), Diacrisia virgitiica (F.), Estigmene acrea (Drury),
Halisidota maculata (Harris), Hyphantria cunea (Drury).
Ichneumon morio Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 436. [female].
Ophion mundus Harris, 1835. bi Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Min. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2, p.585. .
Nomen nudum.
Ophion mundus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239. 6.
Anomalon flavipes Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. v. 4, p. 170. 6,9.
Anomalon nigripennis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 173. 6 (9 misdet.?).
nigripes Dreisbach. Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., n.w. Md., Mich. Host: Halisidota tessellaris (J. E.
S.), E uthisanotia grata (F.).
Therion nigripes Dreisbach, 1947. N. Y. Ent. Sec, Jour. 55: 201. S, 9.
petiolatum (Davis). Maine, N. Y., Mich., Wis., S. Dak.
Exochiium petiolatum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 356. 6, 9.
sassacus Viereck. N. B. w. to Wash., s. to Ala. and Mo. Host: Cycnia inopinata (Hy. Edw.), C.
tenera Hbn., Hyphantria cunea (Drury), H. textor (Harris).
Therion sassacus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
287. 6.
Therion waccagum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
287. i.
texanum (Ashmead). Mass. s. to e. N. C, w. to n.e. Kans. and Tex.; Mexico? Ecology: Flies
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 157-158 (syn.). —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 51-53.
datanae Riley. Que. w. to n. Minn., s. to s. Ga., s. La., and n.e. Kans. Host: Datana contracta
Wlk., D. integerrima G. and R., D. 7ninistra (Drury), D. perspicua G. and R.
Anomalon flavicorne Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 171. 9.
Preocc. by Say, 1823.
= 6, 9.
Heteropelma datanae Riley, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 177. "9"
Heteropelma fuh'iconie{l) Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 68. Lapsus for and
misidentification of Anomalon flavicomis Say.
Heteropelma fulvicome Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 729. N. name for A.
flavicorne Brulle.
Taxonomy: Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 34: 185-187.
Gauld (1976) recognized four subgenera, only one of which has Nearctic species.
Taxonomy: Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 55-61.
Odontopsis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 150. Preocc. by Hasselt,
1823.
Type-species: Graveyihorstia picta Boie. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914. Dalla Torre (1901) placed Odontopsis in synonymy with
Gravenliorstia, but no species were thereby included, contrary to the statement
of Perkins (1962).
Taxonomy: Perkins. 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 440.
Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1860 Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 20-21 (syn.).
(1858).
— Lundbeck,1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk. Meddel. (for 1896),
235 (Greenland record).
p.
curta (Norton). Maine w. to Alta., s. to Ark., Tex., and Colo.
Ano7nalo7i curtus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 362. S.
edwardsii (Cresson). Southwestern B. C.
Anomalon Edivardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 367. 9.
eureka (Ashmead). Southwestern S. Dak., Colo., w. Mont, s.w. B. C, s.e. Wash., n.e. Calif.
A7iomalona) eureka Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 423. 9.
ferruginea (Norton). Tenn., Ga., 111., Tex.
Anomalon ferrugineus Norton, 1863. Ent Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 363. 9.
neglecta (Morley). Hudson Bay. The reference by Gauld (1976) to Therion neglectiim (Morley)
was, according to a letter I received from him in 1976, based upon Morley's male from
N. S. The latter was excluded as a syntype by Morley's statement that "four pairs,
including the type, were taken about Hudson's Bay in 1844, except a single male found
in Nova Scotia." The identification by Townes (1961) was based upon a female syntype
...
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106. -Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist) Ent, Bui. 33: 51.
propinqua (Cresson). Colo.
Anomalon propinquum Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 284. i.
rotunda (Davis). Northeastern Kans.
Anomalon rotundus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. En^ Soc, Trans. 24: 360. 6.
I
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 617
rufula (Provancher). Que., N. H., Mass., N. Y., Md., n. Va., Ont., Ind.
Anomalon rufulum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 80. 9.
semirufa (Norton). Que. w. to s.e. S. Dak., s. to Md., Tenn., and n.e. Kans.
Anomalon semi-nifus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 362. 9.
suburbis (Davis). Northern Idaho.
Anomalon snburbe Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 358. 6, 9.
xanthopsis (Ashmead). Colo., w. Mont., n.e. Calif.
Ano7nalon xanthopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 423. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. /w Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
396 (syn.).
reticulatum Davis. Southwestern Maine, N. Y., N. J., Ohio, s. Mich., e. Mo., n.e. Kans., B. C?
Host: Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Melissopus latiferreaniis (Wlsm.), Canarsia
ulmiarrosorella Clem., Nephopteryx subftiscella (Rag.).
Trichomma reticulata Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. 9.
This a very large genus represented in all zoogeographic regions. The name Labrorychus
is
was for many years incorrectly applied to a large part of the species in this genus because of an
erroneous type-species designation by Viereck (1914). The names Trichonotus and Trichionotus
were more recently applied to most of the species which had been in Labrorychus auct., but
Gauld (1976) has suppressed them as synonyms of Agrypon. Gauld apparently did not know
more than a few species intermediate between Agrypon and Trichionotus, but the discussion by
Schmid (1970, p. 1539) appears to support Gauld's suppression of Trichionotus.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 168.
boreale Ashmead, restored comb. East-central B. C?
Agrypon boreale Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 424. 9. The label of the
holotype reads: "Ft. McLeod, Brit. Amer.; Aug., 1882." British America being
synonymous with Canada, it is not altogether certain that the type-locality is Ft.
McLeod, B. C. rather than Ft. Macleod in southern Alta. (the latter being spelled [or
misspelled] McLeod in an 1886 Atlas belonging to me). The two places should be
different enough ecologically for this question to be resolved with relative certainty.
canadense (Provancher), n. comb. Que.
Anomalon canadensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 175. 9.
Ichneumon laedator Hhwnberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1892. Opusc. Ent. 16: 1771 (syn.). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1:
Biology: McGugan and Coppel, 1962. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 2:
65. — Embree, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1160. — Embree, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol.
prismaticum (Norton), n. comb. N. B.?, Que.?, Maine?, N. H.?, Vt.?, Mass., Conn., Ont.?, Ohio?,
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 61.
-Schmid, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1540-1541.
pseudargioli (Howard). Mass., R. I., Conn., W. Va. Host: Celastrina pseudargiolus (B. and L.),
Taxonomy: Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 315-316 (syn.).
— Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 144-145, 153. — Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 70-71.
badia (Schmid). Mass., Conn., N. Y., Ohio, s. Mich., w. N. Dak. Host: Archips argyrospiUis
(Wlk.).
Atrometus badius Schmid, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 779. 6, 9.
geniculata (Holmgren). N. S. w. to w.-cent. B. C, s. to n. Ga., Kans., s.w. N. Mex., and s. Calif.;
Europe. Host: Psilcorsis sp., Homadaula anisocentra (Meyr.), Acleris variana (Fern.),
620 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Angitia paediscae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insert Life 3: 156.
Nomen nudum.
Agrypon paediacae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 190, errata. 6, 9. The
spelling praediscae appears on p. 190 and the correction paediscae appears in the errata,
the errata evidently being published at the same time as the rest of the paper. The
lectotype selected by Schmid (1969) is here rejected because it was not one of
Ashmead's syntypes. Although Ashmead's syntypes included several specimens from
Fortress Monroe (=Fort Monroe, Hampton), Va., it was indicated by Ashmead that they
were specimens labeled 3422 with the superscript 01. Notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum
under that Bureau of Entomology number indicate that specimens so labeled were
reared from the olethreutid Strepsicrates sniitliiana collected at Ft. Monroe on Myrica
cerifera, but that Bureau number does not apply to specimens reared from other hosts.
The specimen here rejected as lectotype is labeled as being reared from a lepidopteran
on roots of grass. Among the labels of the female specimen here selected as lectotype
are Ashmead's handwritten identification label and a label bearing the aforementioned
Bureau of Entomology number and the date "10/7, 84" (i.e. July 10, 1884).
Anomalon clavipes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 359. 6.
Podogatiter evetrivorus Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 142. 6,9.
obscura (Schmid), n. status. South-cent. Ariz. If this taxon proves to be conspecific with
This is a Nearctic genus. Specimens which I have seen from N. Mex. and s.e. Wash, appear to
represent an undescribed species, and thus it appears that there are at least two species in the
genus.
oporinum Townes. Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va. Ecology: Occurs in fall in fields.
Calcaneum oporinum Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 146. 6, 9.
i
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 621
This large genus is confined to the New World, most of the species being Neotropic.
Revision: Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 14-20.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. See, Mem. 11: 710 (syn.).
— Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 82-84.
bridwelli (Cushman). Md., n. Va., S. C.
Hymenopharsalia bridivelli Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 19. 9.
foutsi (Cushman). Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ind., Mo., Mont., Ariz. Host: Honiadaiila
anisocentra (Meyr.), Episinius argutanus (Clem.), Arogalea cristifasciella (Chamb.),
gelechiid on Salix.
Hymenopharsalia foutsi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 18. 9.
texanus (Cresson). S. C, Ga., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Calif.; Mexico.
Pharsalia texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 177. 9.
virginiensis (Cresson). N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., W. Va., S. C, Ind., Mo.
Pharsalia virginiensis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 177. "6" = 9.
Ta.xonomy: Morley, 1913. Rev. Ich. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 86. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 61.
Anomalon nigro-variuui Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 172. 9.
Anomalon rufns Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 174. 9. Que. Preocc. by Anomalon nifum
Holmgren, 1857; replaced by Anonialon exrufum Walkley (which see). Barron (1975) did
not find the holotype, but thought there was strong evidence that the holotype would be
a species of Tricliionotus.
Tribe ANOMALONINI
This tribe includes only two genera, Anomalon and Neogreeneia.
califomicum (Cresson). N. Mex.?, Ariz.?, mid-coastal and s. Calif.; Hawaii. The N. Mex. and
Ariz, records are cited with a query because it appears that, as with ejuncidum (Say), a
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 623
number of species have been confused under the name californicum (also see
introduction to Anomalon).
Nototrachys califomicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 366. 9.
canadense (Provancher), revised status. Que. Cushman and Gahan (1921) suppressed
canadense as a synonym of ejiincidum (which see).
Trachynohis Canadensis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 126): 119. 9. Preocc. in
Anomalon by Agrypon canadense (Provancher), 1874.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156 (syn.).
ejuncidum Say. "United States." It is my opinion that perhaps as many as ten species have
been confused under this name; therefore, I have resurrected the names suppressed as
synonyms of ejuncidum by Cushman and Gahan (1921) and Townes (1945) and leave it
to a revisor to determine the application of the name ejuncidum.
Anomalon ejuncidus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 233, 241-242. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156. —Townes, 1945. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 708-709 (syn.).
fuscatum (Cresson), revised status. Fla.; Cuba. Townes (1945) suppressed ficscatum as a
synonym of ejuncidum (which see).
Trachynohis fuscatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 50. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 708 (syn.).
reticulatum (Cresson). Colo. It is my opinion that, as with califomicuvi and ejuncidum, a
number of species have been confused under the name reticulatuvi ; therefore, for
distribution I have cited only the type locality.
Trachynotus reticulatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 285. 6.
texanum (Cresson), revised status. Central Tex. Cushman and Gahan (1921) suppressed
texanum as a synonym of ejuncidum (which see).
Trachynotus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 169. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156.
This a small Nearctic and Neotropic genus. No hosts are known. Townes (1971) believed
is
that Neogreeneia represents little more than a distinct species group of the genus Anomalon.
Despite his decided lumping tendency, Gauld (1976) retained Neogreeneia as a valid genus.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 124, 125-126. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 88.
picticornis Viereck. N. Y. w. to s. Mich., s. to s. Fla. and n.e. Tex.
Neogreeneia picticomis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 641. 9.
Subfamily CAMPOPLEGINAE
This large subfamily is represented by three tribes, Nonnini, Hellwigiini, and Campoplegini.
The latter tribe includes the vast majority of genera and species of Campopleginae and is the
only tribe represented in America north of Mexico.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 143-193 (genera of world as
"Porizontinae").
Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI
Townes (1961) subdivided the Campoplegini into two tribes, and Townes (1970), 1971) main-
tained the same tribal classification. I do not feel that this classification has any particular prac-
tical or phyletic merit, and, therefore, recognize only a single tribe here.
The Campoplegini are internal parasites of the larvae (cf. Campoplex) of Lepidoptera,
Symphyta, and Coleoptera. Campoplegine parasites of Symphyta and Coleoptera are far less nu-
624 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. In Townes, Townes, and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 449-451.
-Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 148-193 (genera of world). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 241. — Finlayson,1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 137 p.
(final-instar larvae of most genera in North America which have been reared).
Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental, with the great majority of species occuring in the Holarctic
Region. The species apparently occur in grasslands or sparsely wooded areas. The hosts are
various Lepidoptera.
albicinctus (Viereck), n. comb. N. J.?, e. N. C.?, Sask., Colo., s.e. Wyo., s. Alta., s. B. C. Ecology:
One of the specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection was collected in the Rocky
Mountains of Wyoming at an elevation of 9600 ft.
Pyracmon albicinctum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. d, 9.
alkae (Ellinger and Sachtleben). Eurasia. Introduced in Mass., Conn., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Ont.,
Ohio, and Mich, between 1920 and 1933; reported as recovered in Mass. and Mich, by
Jones (1929), but apparently not established in any of the release areas. Host: Ostrinia
nubilalis (Hbn.). In literature published before the description of alkae in 1928 and in
some literature for more than ten years thereafter, the species was misidentified as
crassifemur (Thomson). Dr. R. I. Sailer (see Syme, 1971) is of the opinion that alkae is
conspecific with nififemiir (Thomson), but I was unable to verify this by examining the
rufifemur type. Material reared from both Ostrinia iiubilalis and Rhyacionia buoliana
(D. and S.) at the same locality would undoubtedly be very helpful in the solution of this
question.
Limnerium alkae Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts.
1: 115. S, 9.
Taxonomy: Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1929. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts. 2: 63-64.
— Aubert, 1959 (1958). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 127: 160. —
Oehlke, 1963. Beitr. z. Ent. 13:
403 (lectotype selection). —Syme, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control (Trinidad), Tech.
Commun. 4: 196 (footnote).
Biology: Paillot, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts. 1: 83-91. —Jones, 1929. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 98: 3, 24-27 (as crassifemur). —Thompson and Parker, 1930. Jour.
Agr. Res. 40: 321-345 (as crassifeynur). —
Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di
Ent., Bol. 4: 106-113. —Baker and Arbuthnot, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 297-302 (as
crassifemur). —Clark, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 455: 11, 20, 27, 31. —Baker,
Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 6, 8, 133-137, 141. -Adlung,
1963. Anz. f. Schaedlingsk. 36: 174.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 625
caradrinae (Viereck), comb. Southeastern Colo. Host: Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.)? Known to
n.
me only from the holotype and one other specimen, the former labeled as reared from S.
exigua (as "Caradrina exigua") collected at Rocky Ford, Colo. The host record is
queried because S. exigua is a much reared species, and it
seems to me, therefore, that
caradrinae may have been reared from some other noctuid which was misidentified as
exigua.
Campoplex (Campoletidea) caradrinae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 634. 6.
eruficinctus (Walkley). Southwestern N. Dak., Nebr., n.e. Kans., n.w. Tex., Sask., s. Alta., n.
Utah, s. Ariz. Host: Heliothis oninis (D. and S.), H. zea (Bod.).
Pyracmoii nificinctum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 5. 6.
Formerly preocc. in Campoplex by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Campoplex eruficinctus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
2, sup. 1, p. 59. N. name for P. nificinctum Viereck.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 21, 92, 135 (final-instar larva).
funis (Cresson), n. comb. N. Y. w. to Mich., s. to e. N. C. and Tex.
Limneria fura Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 173. 9.
Limneria melanocoxa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 430. 9. The
holotype is the same specimen as the holotype of funis.
Limnerium melanocoxum Dalla Torre, 1901. C^at. Hym., v. 3, p. 99. Emend.
popofensis (Ashmead), n. comb. Southwestern Alaska. Known to me only from the Shumagin
Islands (Popof Isl.) and Pribilof Islands (St. Paul Isl.), Alaska.
Zachresta popofen.fis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 234. 6.
rufifemur (Thomson). Eurasia. Introduced in Ont. in 1935 and 1955 through 1958; none of the
suspected recoveries have been confirmed by identification of reared adult specimens
(see Syme, 1971). Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.). The host cited was the target
species for releases of nififemur in Ont.
Limneria rw/j/e?/) it r Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1106. [male, female].
Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 394. —Thorpe, 1932. Parasitology 24: 107-110.
-Thorpe and Caudle, 1939. Parasitology 30: 525, 527-528. -Juillet, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91:
713-716. —Wylie, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 119.
—
Pschorn-Walcher, 1960. Pflanzenschutz 25:
17. -Adlung and Sailer, 1963. AUg. Forst-u. Jagdztg. 134: 231, 233. -Schindler, 1965.
Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 55: 356.
— Eichorn, Pschorn-Walcher, and Schroeder, 1965. Anz. f.
Campoplex (Campoplex) juxtus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (iiey); 58 (6):
147. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) militaris Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(6): 147. 9.
Biology: Timberlake, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 19: 71-92. -Tothill, 1922.
Canad. Dept. Agr., Bui. (n. s.) 3: 74-76. -Morris, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 364, 365, 366-367.
—Morris, 1976. Canad. Ent. 108: 834, 835, 836.
Morphology: Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 43 (first instar larva).
xanthostomus (Gravenhorst). Eurasia; n. Africa. Reported as introduced in Orange Co., Calif,
(apparently in 1948) without becoming established (see Clausen, 1956). No "voucher"
specimens are present in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection; hence, I do not feel certain
that the species released in Calif, was really S. xanthostomus or even a species of
Sinophonis. The target species for the release of xantlistovius in Calif, was the native
Paramyelois transitella (Wlk.).
Campoplex xanthostomus Gravenhorst 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 460. 6.
Campoplex deserticola Tosquinet, 1896. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 5: 412. 6.
Taxonomy: Aubert, 1964. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 69: 159. — Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 274 (lectotype selected). — Shaumar, 1966. Entomophaga
11: 458, 461 (syn.).
Campoplex subg. Sesioplex Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644.
Type-species: Campoplex (Sesioplex) depressus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Dr. Klaus Horstmann (personal commun., 1976) told me that he knew a European species
which may be referable to Sesioplex, but depressus is the only species known to me. The name
Sesioplex is here resurrected from synonymy because depressiis has structural characteristics
which make ita misfit in Campoplex or Sinophorus.
depressus (Viereck). Que. w. to Iowa, s. to n. Ga. and n.e. Kans. Host: Gnorimoschema
gallaesolidaginis (Riley).
Campoplex (Sesioplex) depressus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644. 9. The
holotype is labeled as follows: "from F. M. Webster; Feb. 3, [18]87; Par[asite] on
Gelechia solidaginis; iss[ued] March 25, [18]87." This is certainly the specimen which
Riley and Howard (1890) identified as "Limneria dimidiatus Cr[esson]," from
"LaFayette, Ind., March 25, 1887." Because Webster was never stationed in La.,
Viereck's statement that the type locality is "Louisiana" is erroneous.
Sesioplex relativus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 298. 9.
Taxonomy: Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 157.
Taxonomy: Szepligeti, 1911. /)/ Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 114, p. 30. —Horstmann, 1969
(1968). Opusc. Zool. 102: 1. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 151-152.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 16, 19-20, 91, 135 (final-instar larva).
149. 9.
Campoplex {Campoplex) moderatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58
(6): 143. 9. N. syn.
Campoplex (Campoplex) deceptivus Viereck, 1925: 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(6): 146. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 28. — Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65:
254-255 (redescription of moderatus). — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 596-597.
plantations.
Campoplex frustranae Cushman, 1927 (June 2). Jour. Agr. Res. 34 (7): 620 (key), 621 (fig.).
9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927 (June 24). Jour. Agr. Res. 34 (8): 739 (more complete description
including differences of male).
Biology: Baumhofer, 1929. Jour. Econ. Ent. 22: 1001. —Cushman, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
34: 28. — Dowden,
1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226: 37, 42, 51. — Eikenbary and
Fox, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1430-1433.
fusiformis (Provancher). N. B. s. to w. N. C, w. to s.w. Tex. Information at the American
Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich, indicates that the synonymy below must be
considered very tentative.
Limneria fusiformis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 148. 9.
Amorphota fenniginosa Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 220. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) grossulariflorae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) maquinnai Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 263. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) pentagoetonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. 6.
Neonortonia .scopo-so Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 301. 6.
Pseuderipternoides deceptus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 302. 9.
Pseuderipternoides neglectus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 302. 6.
Pseuderipternoides pulchellus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 303. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) hullensis Viereck, 1925 (Sept); 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225
(key); 58 (6): 144. 9. Preocc. in Campoplex by Viereck, 1925 (July).
Campoplex (Campoplex) signatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(6): 144. 6.
haywardi Blanchard. Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina. Introduced in southern Calif, "after 1963"
according to Leong and Oatman (1968), apparently without becoming established. Host:
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 629
Phthorimaea operculella (Zell). The host cited was the target species for introductions
in Calif.
Campoplex haywardi Blanchard, 1942. In Hayward, Tucuman Estac. Expt. Agr., Rev.
Indus, y Agr. 33: 83. Nomen nudum.
Campoplex haywardi Blanchard, 1947 (1946). Acta Zool. Lilloana 3: 295. cJ, 9.
Biology: Leong and Oatman, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 26: 36.
mellipes (Provancher). Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich., Wis., S. Dak., Sask., n. Idaho, s. B. C.
Host: Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.), Eucordylea ducharmei
Free., Exoteleia dodecella (L.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. pniniella Clem. I suspect
that the name mellipes and the other names listed as synonyms therof apply to one or
more species which lose the second intercubitus in smaller specimens (i.e. those that
develop on smaller hosts).
Limneria rufipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 149. 9. Preocc. in Campoplex by
Gravenhorst, 1829 and Holmgren, 1872.
Limneria mellipes Provancher, 1883. Petite Faune Ent. Canada, p. 831 (errata). N. name
for L. rufipes Provancher. Barron (1975) and other authors have incorrectly concluded
that this name was a lapsus and apparently were unaware of its proposal in the index of
the Petite Faune.
Nemeritis melanomerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 177. S.
In the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) melanomenisr
Nemeritis decoratus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 180. 9. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) decoratus"
Nemeritis laevis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 179. 9. In the
1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) laevis."
Phaedroctonus piceae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 260. 6, 9.
recens
nigricinctus (Ashmead). N. J., D. C. Host: Small "tineid" on Betula yiigra, Ametastegia
(Say)?
Limneria nigricincta Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
Campoplex (Campoplex) ayhnerensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(6): 148. 9.
parailelus Viereck, revised status. Que., Mass., R. N. Y., Md., Ont., Mich., n.e. Kans. Host:
I.,
Archips rosanii.s (L.), Ancylis comptana (Froel.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Holcocera
modestella Clem., Depressaria cinereocostella Clem. The name pamlleius and the two
synonyms listed below were incorrectly suppressed as synonyms of infumatus
(Provancher) by Townes (1945).
Campoplex {Hyponoter) parailelus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 219. 9.
Campoplex (Campoplex) algonquinorum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226
(key); 58 (6): 145. 9. N. syn.
Campoplex {Campoplex) grimsbyensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key);
58 (6): 145. 9. N. syn.
pyraustae Smith. Europe. Introduced between 1927 and 1933 in Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., and
Ohio without becoming established. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). The host cited was
the target species for introductions in the United States.
Campoplex pyraustae Smith, 1931. Portici R. Scuola Super, di Agr., Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr.,
Bol. 25: 257. 6,9. The holotype is now deposited in the U. S. Natl. Museum.
Taxonomy: Baker, Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 144-147.
relativus (Viereck). Southwestern Kans.
Amorphota relativa Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 307. 9.
tecumseh Viereck. Mass., Pa., Ont., Alta., Alaska. Host: Holcocera modestella Clem.,
Scrobipalpa atriplicella (Rosier).
Campoplex (Campoplex) tecumseh Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58
(5): 130. 6.
tineavora (Rohwer). Southwestern Oreg. Host: Tinea defectella Zell.
Angitia tineavora Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 160. 6, 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 631
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106 (generic placement).
ultimus Viereck. Southwestern B. C, Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif. Ecology: In the Canadian
National Collection there is a female specimen from Vancouver, B. C. which was reared
from an unknown host in Pohjstictns versicolor.
Canipoplex (Canipoplex) ultimus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):
147. 9. Viereck cited Ottawa, Ont. as the type locality, but Mr. G. S. Walley has labeled
the lectotype as probably collected by Rev. G. W. Taylor in B. C.
uniformis (Viereck). Southwestern Alta.
Neweritis uniformis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 177. 6. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Canipoplex {Nemeritis) uniformis."
valens (Cresson). Colo.
Mesoleptus valens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 261. 9.
Casinaria compacta Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 362. 9.
For many years the name Porizon was applied to various Tersilochinae, especially to an as-
semblage of species (now placed in the genus Barycnemis) which did not include Porizon
moderator in the sense of Fallen or of subsequent authors (moderator auct. being placed in Ter-
silochus). Accordingly, Viereck (1914) proposed the name Porizonidea to apply to Porizon of
authors and suppressed Tersilochus as a synonym o{ Porizon. Roman (1932) discovered that /.
moderator Linnaeus is a species of Campopleginae, but made no adjustment in the appHcation of
the name Porizon. Townes (1945) appHed the name Tersilochini to "Porizonini" of authors (cf.
Hincks, 1945), but the name Porizon continued to be used sporadically for various Tersilochinae,
particularly before Townes and Townes (1951) applied the
name "Porizonini" to the Cam-
poplegini. Townes (1965) applied the name Porizon to Campoplex paniscus Gravenhorst, which
he distinguished from "moderator Linnaeus." Horstmann (1970) discovered that Roman (1932)
and Townes (1965) had not correctly identified the moderator type specimen, and had incorrectly
suppressed Nemeritis cremastoides Holmgren as a synonym of moderator. Horstmann in-
dicated moderator to be a species of Venturia; he erected the genus Leptocampoplex (which see)
for cremastoides (i.e. Porizon sensu Townes [1965, 1970], in part), and placed paiiiscus, with un-
certainty, as a synonym of Macnis filiventris Gravenhorst (see Macrus).
As a consequence of
the findings of Horstmann (1970), Townes (1971) indicated that Ventnria should be suppressed
as a synonym o{ Porizon.
In 1972 I borrowed a specimen of Porizon moderator from Dr. Horstmann and learned that
separation from Campoplex being more subjective, as is suggested by Townes (1945) placement
of the species here included in Porizon and by the fact that Townes (1970) continued to treat
Phaedroctonus as a synonym of Campoplex.
There had never been much doubt that Fallen had intended the name Porizon to apply to
632 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
what we now call (cf. Hincks, 1945), and Horstmann (1970, 1971) studied a
Tersilochinae
specimen of Probles rufipes (Holmgren) which had been identified as Porizon moderator by Fal-
len. For that reason, Horstmann (1970) suggested that an application for the suppression of the
names Porizon and Porizontinae should be made to the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, and Fitton and Gauld (1976) suggested that the case needed to be referred to the
Commission. If the facts revealed by Horstmann (1970) had been established soon after Roman
(1932) published on the identity of Ichneumon moderator, it might then have been logical to
seek a ruHng that would have made Tersilochus rufipes Holmgren the type-species of Porizon.
Acceptance of /. moderator Linnaeus as the type-species of Porizon would leave us with a
zoological rather than nomenclatural problem, and would eliminate any need for making an ap-
plication to the Commission. I believe that the option of regarding the nomenclatural problem as
settled and striving to solve the zoological one is the option which would be most uniformly ac-
cepted. I believe that Dr. Horstmann concurs with me on this, and I am hopeful that Drs. Fitton
and Gauld will also.
Porizon is a small genus of Holarctic and Neotropic (southern Mexico) distribution. Most of
the species are parasitic on microleptidoptera which feed on coniferous trees, especially cone
moths and needle miners. P. tranafuga (Gravenhorst), which is placed in Porizon only provi-
sionally, parasitizes Gracilaria syringella (F.), the lilac leaf miner, and two specimens of cupres-
si (Ashmead), which has otherwise been reared only from conifer-feeding hosts, were reared
from a leaf tier on Rliamnus pumhianus.
Monog. 2: 357-358. —Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410. —Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 151, 167-168, 278. —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent.,
Nachrichtenbl. 19: 77-79. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 241. —Fitton and
Gauld, 1976. Systematic Ent. 1: 248-249.
argyresthiae (Rohwer), n. comb. Southwestern Oreg. Host: Argyresthia libocedrella Bsk.
Known from a long series of specimens reared at Ashland, Oreg. in 1914.
Phaedroctonus argyresthiae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 162. cJ, 9.
cupressi (Ashmead), n. comb. Que., Maine, N. H., s.w. Va., w. N. C, w. Iowa. s.w. Alaska, w.
,
Wash., n. Cahf. Host: Periploca nigra Hodges, Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Argyresthia
cupressella Wlsm., A. thuiella Pack., needle miner on Abies concolor, leaf tier on
Rhamnus purshianus.
Limneria cupressi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. 9.
Phaedroctonus minutus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 235. 9.
Phaedroctonus epinotiae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 559. cJ, 9. Formerly
preocc. in Campoplex by Viereck, 1912. N. syn.
Campoplex nanana Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 598. N. name for P. epinotiae
Cushman. N. syn.
laspeyresiae (Rohwer), n. comb. Colo., N. Mex., w. Mont., n. Idaho, s.e. Wash., s.w. Oreg., n.e.
Calif. Host: Laspeyresia piperana (Kft.), L. toreuta (Grt.).
Meleborus{\) laspeyresiae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 161. 9.
milleri (Rohwer), n. comb. Southwestern Oreg. Host: Dioryctria abietella (D. and S.). Known
only from the holotype which is a rather poor specimen from Ashland, Oreg. This
species is placed in Porizon only tentatively; the petiole is similar to that of Nemeiitis
spp., and the second intercubitus is present, although abnormally positioned in one of
the fore wings of the holotype.
Angitia milleri Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 159. 9.
moderator (Linnaeus). Vt., N. Y., Ont., N. Mex., w. Mont, Idaho, s.-coastal Akaska; Europe.
Host: Laspeyresia youngana (Kft.). A 1972 letter I received from Dr. Klaus Horstmann
says that males are apparently uncommon in Europe.
Ichneumon moderator Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed 10, v. 1, p. 564. 9.
Campoplex flaviventris Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 98. 9.
Limneria (Phaedroctonus) ensifera Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. 4: 172. 9.
Phaedroctonus temporalis Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 560. 9. N. syn.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 633
Idechthis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154. Preocc. by Huebner,
1821.
Type-species: Idechthis oahuensis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1901.
Venturia Schrottky, 1902. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 8: 102.
This rather large genus has a worldwide distribution, but the number of species occuring in
temperate areas appears to be fewer than that occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. See
biological discussion under Campoplex.
Revision: Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 7-12 (European spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 143 (syn.).
canescens (Gravenhorst). Southern Canada, s.e. Alaska, and continental U. S. A.; temperate
and tropic areas around the world. Ecology: Most often found in buildings where grains
or flour are stored. In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are two specimens reared
from bumble bee nests, one from Anderson, S. C. and the other from Boulder Co., Colo,
(the latter labeled "ex Ephestia sp."). Adventive. Host: Anagasta kuehniella (ZelL),
Plodia interpunctella (Hbn.). The hosts listed are the ones most commonly parasitized
in North America; for additional hosts and their significance see the very excellent
paper by Salt (1976). Males are unknown in North America, occasional in northern
Europe, but apparently more common in the Mediterranean Basin. The biology of this
species has perhaps been studied more intensively than that of any other ichneumonid.
The biological references cited below are the more important ones known to me, and I
have no doubt overlooked some important papers, particularly those published more
recently.
Campoplex canescens Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 555. 9 Name of .
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 161.
— Townes, Townes,
and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 222 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 277 (syn.). — Horstmann, 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 23: 131 (syn.).
— Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 9, 11. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 149 (syn.).
Biology: Candura, 1928. Portici R. Scuola Super, di Agr., Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr.,
Bol. 21:
149-212. —Diamond, 1929. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 60: 84-89. —Thorpe, 1938; 1939. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 13: 58-59; 14: 47. —Narayanan, 1939. Nature
[London] 144: 207. —Salt, 1941. Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol. Rev. 16: 259-260. Simmonds, —
1943. Rev. Canad. de Biol. 2: 15-58. —Williams, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A:
Gen. Ent. 25: 49-58. -Fisher, 1961. Jour. Expt. Biol. 38: 267-275, 605-628. -Fisher, 1962.
Ecology 43: 314-316.
—
Takahashi, 1962. Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. and Zool. 6: 160. —Salt, 1964.
Ser. B: Biol.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 161: 1-14. —Salt, 1965. Roy. Soc. London, Proc,
—Corbet, 1968. Jour. Expt. Biol. 48: 291-304. —Corbet, 1971. Nature
Sci. 162: 303-318.
[London] 232: 481-484. —Rogers, 1972. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 15: 190-194.
—
Rotherham, 1973.
Roy. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 183: 337-350. —Amos and Salt,
1974. Jour. Ent.
Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), S. pictipes (G. and R.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.),
Euzophera ostricolorella Hulst, E. semifuneralis (Wlk.).
Idechthis nigricoxalis Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 48: 512. 6, 9.
ni^iscapus (Viereck). Ont., Mich., and III, s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, and Ark. Host: Plathypena
scabra (F.). This species is one of a group that is otherwise Neotropic and which is
rather distinct from the group of species which includes argentina Schrottky and
canescens (Gravenhorst).
Idechthis nigriscapiis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 77. 9.
Idechthis mimicus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 185. S.
sokanakiakorum (Viereck). Eastern Que., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ky., Tenn.; Guatemala?
In the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection there is a single male bearing the data "Guatemala:
Amatitlan; VIII-6-1965; P. J. Spangler," which appears in every respect to be
sokanakiakorum.
Casinaria (Idechthis) sokanakiakorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 270. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 635
Casinaria Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af Forhandl. 15: 325.
...
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 96, 135 (fmal-instar larva).
ambigua (Townes). Tex. Known only from the holotype.
Nematopodius texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 414. 6. Preocc. in
Casinaria by Campoplex texanus Ashmead, 1890 (p. 427) and by Dusona texana
(Ashmead), 1890 (p. 427).
Charops ambigua Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 607. N. name for N. texanus
Ashmead.
canadensis Walley. Que., N. Y., Md., Ont., n. Mich.
Casinaria canadensis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 390. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 26, 27-28, 96, 135 (fmal-instar larva).
636 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 26, 28, 97, 135 (fmal-instar larva,
new distribution).
claviventris Holmgren. Ont., s. Sask.; Europe.
Casinaria claviventris Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 2 (8): 49. 6,
9.
Casinaria pinguis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 386. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
364 (syn.).
coloradensis Walley. Colo. Known from two specimens collected at Four-mile Hill, 8 mi. south
of Steamboat Springs, Colo, on July 21, 1896, apparently by C. F. Baker.
Casinaria coloradensis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 371. 9.
corrupta Walley. Southern Tex.
Casinaria corrupta Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 385. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 15, 26, 32, 100, 135 (fmal-instar
larva).
forcipata Walley. N. B. w. to s. Alta., s. to Md., s. Ohio, s. w. Tex., s.e. N. Mex., Ariz., and s.
Calif. Host: Itame pustularia (Gn.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct., S. oweni Swett, S.
sexmaculata (Pack.), Malacosoma disstria Hbn.
Casinaria forcipata Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 393. cJ, 9.
Campoplex genuinus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 367. 6,9.
Mesoleptus major Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 257. 6.
Campoplex niger Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 127): 148. 9. Preocc. by Brulle,
1846 and Provancher, 1874.
Anephares{\) rufipes Hancock, 1911. Nature Sketches in Temperate America, p. 177. 9.
geometrae geometrae Walley. N. S., Que., N. Y., N. J., Md., W. Va., w. N. C, Ont. Host:
Caripeta angustiorata Wlk., C. divisata Wlk., Eufidonia notataria Wlk., Paraphia
piniata Pack., Protohoamiia porcelaria (Gn.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct.
Casinaria geometrae geometrae Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 380. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 30-31, 99, 135 (fmal-instar larva).
geometrae occidentalis Walley. Southern B. C. s. to s.w. Calif. Host: Caripeta sp., Enypia
venata (Grt.), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Sabulodes caberata Gn., Semiothisa
"granitata" auct.
Casinaria geometrae occidentalis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 382. S, 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 31, 99, 135 (final-instar larva).
1975. Ent. Soc.
Biology: Swezey, 1926. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 6: 296. —Williams, 1931. Handb. Ins.
Hawaiian Sugar Cane Fields, p. 267-268. —Ball, Reeves, Boden, and Stone, 1935. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 463: 40.
—
Benham and Poinar, 1975. Jour. Invert. Path. 26: 181-191.
lamina (Viereck). Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., n. Va., Ont., s. Ohio, Iowa. Host: Epargyreus dams
(Cram.).
Zastenomorpha lamina Viereck, Psyche 28: 81. 9.
1921.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
365 (syn.).
— Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 30, 98, 135 (final-instar larva).
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 31-32, 100, 135 (final-instar
larva).
scabriformis Viereck. Mass. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to n.e. Kans. Host: Eupithecia miserulata Grt.
Casinaria scabriformis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 635. 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc Canada, Mem. 94: 15, 26, 32-33, 100, 135 (final-instar
larva).
Charops anmdipes Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 414. S.
This very large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The hosts are larvae of
macrolepidoptera which feed on trees and shrubs and do not conceal themselves while feeding.
More rearings in North America have been from Geometridae than from Lepidoptera of other
families.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
370 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 285-286 (syn.).
alia (Norton). Mass. The holotype is lost and no revisor has yet decided what name should be
suppressed as a synonym of alia.
Campoplex alius Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 367. 9.
americana (Ashmead). Mass. w. to s. B. C, s. to Ala., n.e. Tex., and Colo.
Casinaria americana Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc. Bui. 1: 22. 9.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) erythromera Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 177. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 639
argentea (Norton). Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., Ont., Mich., n. Ill, s. B. C. Host:
Symmerista albifrons (J. E. S. canicosta Francl.
S.),
371 (syn.).
brachiator (Say). Que. s. to e. N. C. and n. Ga., w. to s. Mich., w. Ky., and n. Ala.
Ophion brachiator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 240. Sex not indicated.
Campoplex xanthogaster Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 159. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 105 (syn. of C. xanthogaster confirmed).
canadensis (Walley). Ont., s.w. Alta., n. and s. B. C. Host: Enargia decolor Wlk., noctuid.
Campoplegidea canadensis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 665. 6,9.
confluens (Walley). Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Wis.
Campoplegidea conflueyis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 673. <J, 9.
conformis (Walley). Southeastern Ariz. Known only from the holotype which was collected at
Palmerlee, Ariz., a locality discussed by Townes and Linna (1963).
Campoplegidea conformis Walley, 1940 Sci. Agr. 20: 726. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Linna, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 242 (obscure localities).
crassicornis (Provancher). N. B. w. to s. Alta., s. to N. Y., n. Ohio, and e. S. Dak. Host: Isia
isabella (J. E. S.).
Limneria crassicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 88. S.
Campoplegidea crassata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 267.
6.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) mimeticus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 175. cJ, 9.
Campoplegidea (Vierekiana) sessilis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)
20(5): 179. 6.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) flavicoxa Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 180. i.
deceptor (Walley). N. Y., Pa., D. C, n. Va., Ont., Ind., s.e. Sask.
Campoplegidea deceptor Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 714. 6,9.
diversa (Norton). Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa. Townes (1945) indicated that wyomingensis (Viereck)
is the correct name for the species identified as diversa in Walley's (1940) revision of
Dusona.
Campoplex diversiis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 366. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 632: 643.
640 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
experta (Cresson). Northern Va., s. Ind., w. Ky., s.e. Iowa, n.e. Kans., Okla., n. Tex.
Campoplex expertus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 171. "6" = 9.
ferruginea Walkley. Southern Fla.
Dusona femiginea Walkley, 1963. Ent. News 74: 239. 9.
flavescens (Walley). Tex., s. Ariz., Calif.; n. Mexico. Host: Anacamptodes fragillaria (Grossb.).
Campoplegidea flavescens Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 710. 9. The holotype was collected at
Phoenix, Ariz, on April 11, 1897, probably on Salix, by R. E. Kunze.
fossata (Viereck). Que., N. H., N. J., Pa., Ont., Man., Sask., s. Alta., w. Oreg.
Campoctonus fossatus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 182. 6.
fuscitarsis (Viereck). Que. w. to s. Alta., s. to N. C. and n. Mich. Host: Eufidonia notataria
(Wlk.).
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) fuscitarse Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 175. 9.
glauca caliginosa (Walley). Sask., s. Alta., s.-coastal Alaska s. to n. Calif.
Campoplegidea caliginosa Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 693. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 634 (status change).
glauca glauca (Norton). Que. w. to Man., s. to Md. and n.e. Kans. Host: Lygris diversilineata
(Hbn.), L. gracilineata (Gn.). A third, undescribed subspecies was recorded from Ariz,
by Townes and Townes (1951).
Campoplex glaucus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 366. 9.
Campoplex dissitus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 1: 367. 9.
Campoplegidea rossi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 268. cJ.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 633-634 (syn.). Townes and Townes, —
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 372.
gracilis (Walley). Conn., N. Y., Pa., s.e. Ont., n. Ohio, Mich., s.w. Man.
Campoplegidea gracilis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 701. 9.
grahami (Walley). N. H., Colo., s.w. B. C. In the East this species apparently has been
collected only on the top of Mt. Washington, N. H.
Campoplegidea grahami Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 698. 9.
insolita (Walley). Que., Ont., s. Man.
Campoplegidea insolita Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 681. 9.
interstitialis (Walley). Que., Mo.?
Campoplegidea interstitialis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 703. 9.
johnsoni (Walley). Eastern Mass., s.e. N. Y., N. J.
Campoplegidea johnsoni Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 729. 9.
ouperfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 641
1829
Campoplex nigripes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 145. 9. Preocc. by Gravenhorst,
and Brulle, 1846.
Campoplegidea brooksi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 264.
S, 9.
lobata (Walley). Que., N. Y., n. Va., S. C, n. Ga., Ont., Man., s. B. C. Host: Semiothisa
"granitata" auct., S. sexmacxdata (Pack.).
Campoplegidea lobata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 713. cJ, 9.
luctuosa (Provancher). Que., s.w. Alta., n. Idaho, Ariz., s. B. C. n. Calif. Host: Enypia venata
(Grt.), Hydriomena divisaria (Wlk.), H.furcata (Thun.).
Campoplex luctuosus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 145. 9 .
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 636 (syn.).
magnifica (Walley). N. Y., n. Ala.
Campoplegidea magnifica Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 727. cJ, 9.
major (Cresson). Que., Mass., R. I., Pa., s. Mich., Man., N. Mex., s.w. B. C. Host: Schizura
unicornis (J. E. S.), Abbottaiia clemataria (J. E. S.).
Campoplex major Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 369. 9.
Campoplegidea {V iereckiana) totalis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)
20(5): 174. 9.
minor (Provancher). N. S. w. to s.-coastal Alaska, s. to n. Va., n. Mich., Colo., s.w. Mont., and s.
B. C. Host: Eupithecia luteata Pack., E. transcayiadata MacK.
Campoplex minor Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 127): 150. 9.
Pseudocasinaria decorata Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 183.
6.
Amorphota pacifica Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada,
Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 184. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 636-637 (syn.).
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) nigritibialis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 178. 9.
obesa (Davis). Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., s.w. Va., Mich. This species with a long ovipositor was
not included in Walley's (1940) revision of Dusona.
Zachrasta(l) obesa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. 9.
occidentalis (Davis). Southwestern B. C, w. Wash.
Campoplex occidentalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans.
24: 361. cJ, 9.
pectoralis (Walley). Que., Ont., n. Mich., s. Sask., n. and s. Alta., s. B. C. Host: Deilinea
bryantaria (Tay.).
Campoplegidea pectoralis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 686. 9.
pilosa (Walley). Colo., Ariz., s.w. B. C, Oreg., n. CaUf. Host: Enypia packardata Tay., E.
venata Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.).
(Grt.),
Campoplegidea pilosa Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 733. 6,9.
planata (Viereck). Que., N. Y., Md., Ont., Mich., HI. Host: Noctuid.
Campoplegidea planata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 267."
9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 638 (syn.).
robusta (Walley). Mass., N. J., Pa., n. Ga., s. Ohio, s. Mich.
Campoplegidea robusta Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 725. cj, 9.
rotunda (Walley). N. S., Que., Wash.
Campoplegidea rotunda Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 697. 9 .
rufescens (Walley). Southern N. Y. w. to s. Mich, and Iowa, s. to n. Va., Mo., and n.e. Kans.
Campoplegidea rufescens Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 720. 6,9.
rufigaster (Walley). N. H. s. to s. Fla., w. to s. Mich, and w. Ky.
Campoplegidea rufigaster Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 705. 9.
scalaria (Provancher). Que., Alta., Wash.
Campoplex scalarius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 84. 9 (.6
misdet.).
Campoplex scalarisd) Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 449
(index).
Campoplegidea scalaris Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 654, 706, 707. Emend.
seamansi (Viereck). Southern Man., Colo., s.w. Alta., s. B. C. Host: Geometrid, C horistoneura
conflictana (Wlk.)?
Campoplegidea edmontonensis Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19
(5): 266. 6.
Campoplegidea seamansi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 268.
9.
Amorphota bicoloripes Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 184. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 639 (syn.).
semirufa (Provancher). Que., Vt., N. Y., Mich., Colo., s. B. C. Host: Pheosia rimosa Pack.
Campoplex semirufus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 364. 9.
Campoplegidea okanaganensis Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19
(5): 270. 9.
signata (Viereck). N. B., Que., N. C, Ont., n. Mich., Man., Sask., n. B. C. Host: Noctuid.
Campoplegidea signata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 262.
6, 9.
simulans arizonensis (Walley). Southern Ariz.
Campoplegidea arizmiensis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 709. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 640 (syn. corrected).
townsendi (Walley). N. Mex. Apparently known only from the type series which was collected
at an elevation of 8000 ft. in the White Mts.
Campoplegidea townsendi Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 703. 6, 9.
tumida (Walley). Ariz., w. Oreg.
Campoplegidea tumida Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 716. 9.
turmalis (Walley). Southwestern Tex.
Campoplegidea turmalis Walley. 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 711. 9.
vara (Walley). N. S. w. to Sask., s. to N. J., Pa., and n. Mich.
Campoplegidea vara Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 663. 6,9.
variabilis (Franklin). N. S., Que., Maine, Mass. Host: Eviaturga amitaria (Gn.). The record for
variabilis as a parasite o{ Synchlora rubrifrontaria Pack, published by Schaffner and
Griswold (1934) is based upon a misidentified specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection. The specimen is now too badly damaged to be reidentified readily.
Campoplex variabilis Franklin, 1915. Ent. News 26: 356. 9. Preocc. by Campoplex
variabilis (Bridgman), 1886.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 148.
varicoxa (Viereck). Que., N. H., N. Y., Pa., Md., n. and w. Ont., s. Alta., s.w. B. C. Host:
Neynoria mirriosaria (Gn.).
Campoplegidea {Viereckiana) varicoxa Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3) 20 (5): 180. 6.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) reticulata Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 181. J.
Pseudocasinaria paenealia Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5):
182. 6.
vibecifera (Viereck). Ont.?, Mich.?, e. Sask. Host: Geometrid.
Campoplegidea vibecifera Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 270.
6.
vicina (Provancher). Que., Ont., Man. Host: Semiothisa "granitata" auct., S. sexmaculata
(Pack.).
Campoplex vicinus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 145. 6,9.
s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, s. Mich., n.e. Kans., N. Mex., and Oreg. Host:
villosa (Norton). Que. w. to
Pero sp.
Campoplex Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 365. 6, 9.
villo.sus
vitticollis (Norton).Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to n. Ga., n. Ala., Tex., N. Mex., and Ariz. Host:
Caripeta divisata Wlk., Hypagrytis piniata (Pack.), Phigalea titea (Cram.), Malacosoma
disstria (Hbn.)?
Campoplex vitticollis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 365. 9.
woodi (Viereck). Que., Pa., Md., n. Va., Ont., s. Ohio.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) woodi Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)
20(5): 177. 6.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) erythrosoma Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 177. 9.
644 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 643 {wyomingensis resurrected).
A single Holarctic speciesknown. The genus appears to be closely related to Menaka Gupta
is
and Gupta (1971), from which Leptocampoplex differs principally by lacking the second intercu-
bitus. The name Porizon was incorrectly applied to Leptocampoplex by Townes (1965, 1970); see
the introductory discussion of Porizon.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410 (as Porizon). —Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 157, 167-168, 278 (as Porizon). —Gupta and Gupta, 1971.
Oriental Insects 5: 111-116 (related Indian genus).
cremastoides (Holmgren). Ont., Mich.; Europe. Host: Ptilinus pectinicomis (L.)? Townes
(1970) gave the Nearctic range as "eastern North America" in referring to what he
regarded as being an undescribed Nearctic species. Horstmann (1970) stated that he
believed the Nearctic specimens he had seen (apparently borrowed from Townes) to
represent only an undescribed subspecies of cremastoides, differing from the European
one in having the underside of the scape pale (i.e. "helle"). In view of the fact that the
known Nearctic range of cremastoides is not similar to that of most Holarctic
ichneumonid species, proof that cremastoides is not adventive in North America should
precede validation of a name for the Nearctic population. The host record cited with a
query above pertains to a specimen acquired from A. W. Stelfox by the U. S. Natl.
Museum; the specimen is labeled "? parasitic on Ptilinus pectinicomis!"
Nemeritis cremastoides Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2:
105. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 168, 278 (as "Porizon
moderator," misdet.). —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 79.
sepiella (Holmgren). N. H., Mich.; Eurasia. Host: Macropogoyi piceus LeC. Numerous
additional Nearctic localities will presumably be given by Mr. G. S. Walley in a
forthcoming paper.
Limneria sepiella Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 63.
6, 9.
Pyracmon sepiellum Townes, 1965. In Townes, Townes, and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 5: 283. Emend.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 162-163 (generic syn. and
referral of Nearctic spp.).
alaskensis (Ashmead). Alaska. More explicit locality data are presumably unavailable; one of
the labels of each of the three syntypes says "U. S. N. M. Acc[ession] 25341," but it
would be uncharacteristic for the Smithsonian Institution to have meaningful
information pertaining to that number.
Cubocephalus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 203. 9.
atrocoxalis (Ashmead). Que. w. to interior Alaska, s. to n. Calif.
Cubocephalus atrocoxalis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 203. 9. Described
from "Alaska" and "Easton, Wash." The only syntype I have found bears a label with
the same U. S. N. M. accession number as on labels of the syntypes of alaskensis (which
see).
6.
This is a Holarctic and Neotropic genus of small to moderate size. A number of species have
been reared from Rhaphidiidae. Apparently hosts other than Rhaphidiidae are not known, which
apparently explains the fact that in the New World Nemeritis is confined to
western North
America and Chile.
646 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Horstmann, 1973. Opusc. Zool. 125: 1-14 (European spp.). — Horstmann, 1975.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 251-266 (elaboration).
macrurus (Viereck). Wyo., s. B. C, n. Calif.
Carnpoplex (Campoplex) macrurus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(5): 146. 9.
Canidia Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 103. Preocc.
by Thomson, 1857.
Type-species: Caiiidia pusilla Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Rhexmeura Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.
Type-species: Carnpoplex exi'gfitMs.Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1970.
Bathyplectes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.
Type-species: Campoplex exiguus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Viereck, 1914.
Cajiidiella Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Canidia Holmgren.
Biolysia Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 601.
Type-species: Nepiesta marginella Thomson. Monotypic.
This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. Horstmann (1973, 1974) treated Biolysia as distinct
from Bathyplectes to facilitate an easier distinction of the Palearctic genus Nepiesta. Because
the species referable to Biolysia do not differ significantly in habits or life histories from other
Bathyplectes species and because Bathyplectes bryanti Viereck is structurally intermediate, I
prefer to treat Bathyplectes and Biolysia as synonymous. Known hosts include only weevils oi
the genus Hypera, but the majority of Bathyplectes species have not been reared. The native
Nearctic species are poorly represented in collections, and the majority of them are undescribed.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 164-165 (syn.). —Horstmann,
1973. Polskie Pismo Ent. 43: 729-731 (discussion and inclusion in generic key).
anurus contractus (Thomson). Central Calif.; s.w. U. S. S. R., Iran, s. Yugoslovia?, s. Germany,
France, Ireland. Introduced. Host: Hypera brunneipennis Boh. Besides a.
n. Italy, n.
contractus and a. anurus (Thomson), Horstmann (1974) recognized a. graecator Aubert
(treated here below); he knew a. anurus from southern Sweden (lectotype), The
Netherlands, and northern and middle Germany. I am not convinced that these
subspecies will be treated as valid taxa when more specimens have been collected and
studied, but I here accept them as valid because my knowledge of western Palearctic
zoogeography is not adequate for rejecting them for reasons of being insufficiently
sound zoogeographically. Dr. Richard Dysart informed me (personal commun., 1977) of
the establishment in Calif, of a population he thought most likely to be principally of
Iranian origin. For that reason I have applied the name a. contractus to it.
Canidia contracta Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1113. 9.
Biology: Fisher, Schlinger, and van den Bosch, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 196, 197 (as
corvina, misdet.; introductions and cocoon jumping behavior).
anurus graecator Aubert. Southern N. H., s. Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., Va.,
W. Va., N. C, S. C, s.e. Ont., Ohio, s. Mich., s. Ind., Ky., Tenn., Mo., w. S. Dak., Okla.; s.
Yugoslavia, Greece, middle and s. Italy, s. France, n. Africa. Introduced. Host: Hypera
postica (Gyll.). According to Dysart and Day (1976) the bulk of the anurus individuals
released in eastern North America were of "French [apparently southern] origin,"
although small numbers came from Sicily and the U. S. S. R.
Bathyplectes anura graecator Aubert, 1970. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 26: 68. i, 9.
but indicated that curculionis is the species which Holmgren (1860) had misidentified as
subciiidus (Gravenhorst). Under subcinctus, Holmgren in turn referred to Ratzeburg
(1852, p. 82; cf. Ratzeburg, 1848, p. 82) who
cited hosts of reared specimens. Specimens
reared from H. postica and H. plantaginis were identified by Horstmann (1974) as var.
1 of B. curculionis. B. brevitor Aubert (1974) was described as a species related to
curculionis, the description of brevitor being based upon two Yugoslavian specimens
reared from H. plantaginis. If curculionis var. 1 of Horstmann (1974) proves not to be
conspecific with curculionis, it seems probable that brevitor will prove to be the correct
name for it.
Canidia curculionis Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1113. 9. Aubert (1960) gave
descriptive notes concerning a female in the Thomson collection which he regarded as
being the lectotype, but he did not cite a locality or other information pertaining to the
labeling of that specimen; Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) selected a female
lectotype from Stehag, Skane, Sweden, which had been labeled as lectotype by Aubert.
Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 103-104.
—Aubert, 1960. Vie et Milieu 11: 490. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 5: 282. —Aubert, 1966. Opusc. Ent. 31: 130. —Aubert, 1974. Soc. Ent. de
Mulhouse, Bui. 30: 2 (brevitor described). — Horstman, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 62, 73, 74-75.
Biology: Ratzeburg, 1848; 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 82; v. 3, p. 82. —Webster, 1912. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 112: 38. -Hagan, 1919. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 8: 470.
—List and Wakeland, 1919. Colo. State Ent., Cir. 24: 34. —
Wakeland, 1920. Colo. State
Ent., Cir. 28: 28.
—
Chamberlin, 1924. U. S. Dept. Agr., Dept. Cir. 301: 4, 6. —
Chamberlin,
1926. Jour. Econ. Ent. 19: 302-310. —Newton, 1933. Colo. Agr. Col., Bui. 399: 18.
— Sorenson, 1934. Utah Acad. Sci., Proc. 11: 249-251.
—
Michelbacher and Essig, 1934. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 27: 965. —Essig. and Michelbacher, 1934. Calif. Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 567:
63-67. —Keifer, 1935. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 24: 350. —Michelbacher, 1936. Calif.
Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 25: 392. -Kaufman, 1939. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 26: 422-424.
—Michelbacher, 1940. Hilgardia 13: 81-99. —Michelbacher, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33:
892-895. -Schweis, 1942. Nev. State Dept. Agr., Bien. Rpt. (for 1940-1942), p. 33.
—Michelbacher, 1943. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 677: 5, 10-20. -Hamlin, McDuffie,
Lieberman, and Bunn, 1943. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers Bui. 1930: 6-8. —Hamlin,
Lieberman, Bunn, McDuffie, Newton, and Jones, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 975:
41-55. —van den Bosch, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46: 161-162.
—
Milliron, 1956. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 49: 443. — Hobbs, Nummi andVirostek, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 562, 564-565. —van den
Bosch and Dietrick, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52: 609-616. —Fisher, Schlinger, and van
den Bosch, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 196. —Puttier, Jones, and Coles, 1961. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 54: 878-880. —Coles and Puttier, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 609. —van den Bosch,
1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 195-196. —Dysart and Puttier, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58:
648 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
1154-1155. —Butler and Ritchie, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 1239-1241. M'Sadda, 1967. —
Rev. Zool. Agr. et Appl. 66: 13. —Salt and van den Bosch, 1967. Jour. Invert. Pathol. 9:
164-177. —
Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 101: 3, 8. —Horn,
1969. Jour. Econ. Ent. 61: 1469-1470. —Foster and Bishop, 1970. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Res. Bui. 78: 2-20. —Richardson, Nelson, York, and Gyrisco, 1972 (1971). Canad. Ent. 103:
1653-1658. —
Arbrust, DeWitt, and Roberts, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 391-393. —Miller,
Smith, and White, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 471-473. —Cross and Simpson, 1972.
Environmental Ent. 1: 631-633 (cocoon construction). —
Casagrande, 1973. Canad. Ent. 105:
1119-1128. —Miller and White, 1973. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 8: 233-236. Duodu and Davis, —
1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 396-398, 549-552, 705-710. —
Walstrom, 1974. Jour. Econ. Ent.
67: 309-310. —
Hower, 1974. Jour. Agr. Sci. 21: 2-3. —Pike and Burkhardt, 1974. Kans. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 47: 405-411. —Gibson and Berberet, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 588-590.
—Puttier, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 881-882. —Davis, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3:
1031-1032. -Parrish, 1974. Forage Insect Res. Conf., Proc. 17: 18-19. Flessel, 1975. Jour. —
Econ. Ent. 68: 585-586. —Arbrust, 1975. Environmental Ent. 4: 931-934. —Berberet and
Gisbon, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69: 205-208. —
Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Prod. Res. Rpt. 167: 2-3, 46-47. —
Bartell, Sanborn, and Wood, 1976. Environmental Ent. 5:
659-661. —
Eklund and Simpson, 1977. Environmental Ent. 6: 69-71.
exiguus (Gravenhorst). Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to s. Va., central Mo., and central Oreg.; Europe.
Adventive. Host: Hypera nigrirostris (F.), H. p^inctata (F.), H. rumicus (L.). This
species apparently became established in North America along with one of the
accidentally introduced hosts (most Ukely H. nigrirostris), but the oldest North
American record known to me for exiguus is that for one of Viereck's paratypes of the
synonym phytonomi. It was collected in Prince Edward Co., Ont. in 1890, and although
I have not seen the specimen, I have little reason to doubt that it is a specimen of
exiguus because there are a number of exiguus specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection which were collected at Toronto, Ont. in 1896. The oldest United States record
known to me is that for Viereck's paratype of the synonym etemankiakorum, which he
collected in New Haven, Conn, in 1904 and which is in the U. S. National Museum
collection. The oldest record known to me for western North America is 1918 (Puyallup,
Wash.; June 15; L. P. Rockwood). The entry of B. exiguus into western North America
may have been independent of its establishment in the East, because the adventive
thelytokous European species of Gelis studied by Caldwell and Wilson (1975), as a
parasite of B. curculionis in Indiana, was reared from B. exiguus in northwestern Oreg.
(Forest Grove and Seaside) in 1928 (cf. Rockwood, 1920); I have not seen specimens of it
collected in eastern North America before 1957. Dr. K. W. R. Zwart told me (personal
commun., 1976) that this species of Gelis is apparently undescribed.
Campoplex stibcinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 494. 9.
Campoplex exiguus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 499. 9 .
Campoplex (Bathyplectes) etemankiakorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and
Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. i.
Bathyplectes phytonomi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58 (9): 222. i,
9 In the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Bathyplectes) phytonomi" (see
.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 612. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
566.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 649
stenostigma (Thomson). Southern N. H., Mass., N. Y., n. Del.?, s.e. Ont., n.e. Ohio, w. Colo.; w.
U. S. S. R., s. Sweden s. to s. Germany and n. France. Introduced. Host: Hypera postica
(Gyll.). B. steiiostigyna differs from other Bathyplectes species
with known biologies in
that its fmal-instar larva emerges from the host larva before the latter spins its cocoon.
It is interesting that this biological difference in stenostigma would appear to correlate
with its habit of spinning a double cocoon (see Brunson and Coles, 1968). The
introductions in western Colo, were apparently accompanied by the accidental release
and unfortunate establishment of the thelytokous hyperparasite which I have identified
as Mesochorus nigripes (Ratzeburg) (which see).
Canidia stenostigma Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1114. cJ ? (9 misdet.). Thomson failed
to insert the sex symbols which usually preceded his statement of length, or range of
lengths, for each species (in this case "Long, vix 4 mm."), or perhaps omission of the sex
symbols was a printers error. From Thomson's description of the ovipositor it is
apparent that he had a female. Neither Thomson's length measurment, nor anything
else in his description indicate that he had a male specimen or a second specimen of
either sex. Therefore, the validity of Aubert's (1970) selection of a male lectotype
labeled "Germ." (and relegation of a female specimen to paralectotype status) would
appear to rest solely upon whether or not it can be disproved that the male was found
near Aachen by Foerster, the only source Thomson cited for his specimen (or
specimens) of stenostigma.
Taxonomy: Aubert, 1970. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, Bui. Mens. 39: 276-277. — Horstmann, 1974.
Ent. Germ. 1: 62, 70.
Biology: Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 101: 5, 8 (as "sp.
Bagged" and "n. sp."). —
Dysart and Coles, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1361-1367.
-Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 167: 3, 14, 36, 39, 48-49 (releases
and recoveries).
tristis (Gravenhorst). N. Y. w. to s. Mich, and e. Kans., s. to n.w. S. C. and n. Miss.; also central
Asia (U. S. S. R.), Europe. Introduced. Host: Hypera punctata (F.). The
Calif.; s.w.
species thelytokous, but males have been collected in N. J., Pa., Md., and Va. Possibly,
is
males are even rarer in Europe because Horstmann (1974) had seen none.
Campoplex tristis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 492. 9 (6 misdet.?).
Canidia trochantella Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1114. 9.
Biology: Dicke, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 375-376. —Puttier and Coles,
1962. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 55: 831-833. —Dysart and Puttier, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 425-427.
This very large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The genus is rather difficult
taxonomically, and there are no usable works treating the species of any large country or other
major geographic area. Most of the species occur in unforested habitats and many of them
parasitize Noctuidae; a species exceptional to both generalizations is C. pyralidis Walley.
Taxonomy: Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 227-231 (key to spp. in Canadian National
Collection).
Livinerium provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 102. N. name for M.
dubitatus Cresson.
Sesioplex heliaeformis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 298. 9.
Sagaritis strigosus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 73. S, 9.
Sagaritis evansi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 74. 9.
Sagaritis englishi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75; 58 (5): 129.
9 . On p. 129 in the 1926 part of his revision Viereck made a correction to his 1925 key
which makes it uncertain that the lectotype he selected in 1926 (p. 75) applies to the
certainty to the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which
were corrected in 1926 (p. 129).
Biology: King and Atkinson, 1928. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 21: 173-174, 185.
atypicus (Viereck). Que., Ont., s. Alta.
Sagaritis atypicus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 36. 9.
Sesioplex canadensis Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 8. 6, 9-
australis (Viereck). Southern Sask., Wyo., and N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and w. Oreg. Host:
Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.).
Limnerium australis Viereck, 1903. hi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 91. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 112 (note on type specimen).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 651
chlorideae Uchida. Japan, India. Introduced in southern Ga. in 1965 and possibly Ariz, in 1968
(personal commnun., J. R. Coulson, 1977), presumably without becoming established.
Host: Pkthorimaea operculella (Zell.)?, Heliothis armiger (Hbn.), H. assulta Gn. The
target species for the release in Ga. was presumably either Heliothis virescens (F.), or
H. zea (Bod.). In some literature the species was misidentified as Campoletis
"perdistinctus" (Viereck).
Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, 1957. Kyushu Imp. Univ., Ent. Lab., Mushi 30: 29. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83: 77 (as Asian sp., probably undescribed). —Gupta,
1974. Oriental Insects 8: 112-115.
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 89 (sex of clavata
syntypes stated to be male not "female").
— Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 433
(female "lectotype" inocorrectly selected for clavata). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
451-452 (valid lectotype selected for clavata).
clitellaria (Walley). Southern B. C.
Sagaritis clitellarins Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 232. S.
compacta (Provancher). Southern B. C, w. Wash.
Linmeria compacta Provancher, 1884. In Taylor, Canad. Ent. 16: 91. Nomen nudum.
Limneria compacta Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 116. 9.
Sagaritis downsi Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (2): 36. [male].
Sagaritis downesiV.) Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (2): 36.
conjuncta (Cresson). 111.
Mesoleptus conjunctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 262. 6,9.
distincta (Provancher). Que., N. H., N. Y., Ont., n. Ill, Minn., s. Sask., s. B. C. Host: Catocala
sp.
Limneria distincta Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 3: 365. 9. Suppressed as a synonym of
C. tibiator (Cresson) by Townes (1945); resurrected by Townes and Townes (1951).
Walkley (1958) and Barron (1975) regarded distincta as unavailable by virtue of having
been replaced by Cymodusa provancheri Viereck (which see), but I do not believe they
were correct. Walkley treated the name provancheri (Viereck) as the valid name for C.
distincta, overlooking the fact that provancheri was preocc. in Campoletis by Dalla
Torre, 1901.
Sagaritis apicalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 36. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 626. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 367. —Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et
al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59, 60. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 462.
Amorphota nociuma Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 308. S.
Limnemim {Campoletis) prodeniae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 190. 6, 9.
Sagaritis trochanteralis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75. 9.
Sagaritis twinni Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 72. ^, 9.
Sagaritis modestus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 126. 6.
Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 61-63 (as dubitatus, misdet.).
—
Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 36-39 (as dubitatus, misdet.). Wene, —
1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36: 333-334 (as provancheri, misdet.). —Grayson, 1944. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 37: 712-713 (as provancheri, misdet.).
gorhami (Viereck). N. S.
Sagaritis gorliami Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 73. 9.
heliae (Ashmead). Va. Host: Epizuexis aemula (Hbn.).
Limneria heliae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158.
Nomen nudum.
Limneria heliae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 194. 6.
hopping! (Viereck). Southern B. C, w. Wash.
Sagaritis hoppingi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 76. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 627. —Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83:
76-77.
Sagaritis nifiscapus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75. <J.
Laboratory is labeled in Roman's handwriting as "Received July 1926, A. Rn." The copy
in the library of the U. S. Natl. Museum was received by the Museum on April 8, 1927.
the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which were corrected
in 1926 (p. 129). Doubt also stems from the fact that the lectotype was collected in April.
Limnerium lawrencei Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 178. 9.
Sagaritis ruficoxalis Viereck, 1916. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 170. 6,9.
Sagaritis nigrisignatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 71. S, 9.
Sagaritis stramineiscapus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (3): 126. 9.
Biology: Lowry, 1927. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 34: 22.
—
Beckwith and Driggers,
1928. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 48: 139. —Beckwith, 1929. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 37:
415. —
Guppy, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 100-101.
pacifica (W alley). Western
Wash., w. Oreg., n. Calif.
Sagaritis ruficrus var. pacificus Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 233, 234. 6.
parasignata (Walley). Southeastern Sask.
Sagaritis parasignatus Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 232. 9.
patsuiketorum (Viereck). Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, n. Ala., N. Mex., n. Utah, and n.
Calif.; s. Mexico? Host: Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Phlyctaenia coronata tertialis (Gn.), P.
extricalis (Gn.), Udea rubigalis (Gn.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.). In the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection there is a male specimen labeled as being collected in Oaxaca, Mexico
by L. 0. Howard. It remains to be seen whether I have correctly identified this
specimen and whether it is correctly labeled.
Sagaritis patsuiketorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey
Bui. 22:262. 9.
Sagaritis unicolor Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 33. S, 9.
Sagaritis lipopus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 35. 9.
Sagaritis cingulatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 35. S.
Sagaritis melanosomus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 71. 9.
plena (Provancher). Que., s.w. Alta.
Limneria plena Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 146. 9.
Sagaritis chrystali Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 77. 9.
pyralidis Walley. Que. s. to e. S. C, w. to s. Sask. and n.w. Ark. Host: Tetralopha aplastella
Hulst, Acrobasis sp. on Myrica, A. betulella Hulst, A. caryivorella Rag., A. comptoniella
654 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Fla., s. Tex., s. Ariz., and s. Calif.; Cuba and Mexico s. to Peru. Host: Autographa
califomica (Spey.), Heliothis phloxiphaga (G. and R.), H. virescens (P.), H. zea (Bod.),
Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Plathypena scabra (F.)?, Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.),
Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Anthocaris midea (Hbn.). In the earlier biological papers cited
below, sonorensis was misidentified as perdistincta, now a synonym of flavicincta
(which see). My 1972 paper was directed at eliminating the taxonomic confusion of
sonorensis v/ith flavicincta, but the unusual pattern of the distribution known for
sonorensis in North America and the existence in the Canadian National Collection of a
series of sonorensis specimens labeled as collected at an altitude of 7500 ft. (at Sunshine
Lodge) in Banff Natl. Park, Alta. seem to indicate the need for further taxonomic study
in connection with studies of host relations, etc.
Limneria sonorensis Cameron, 1886. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 307. [female].
Limnerium (Angitia) websteri Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 382. 9.
Taxonomy: Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83: 75-82.
Biology: Noble and Graham, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 1118-1120.
—
Lingren, Guerra,
Nickelsen, and White, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 518-522.
—
Hollingsworth, Harstack, and
Lingren, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 1758-1761. —
Hoelscher and Vinson, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 64: 1373-1376. —Lingren and Noble, 1972. Jour. Econ. Ent. 65: 104-107.
—
Guillot and Vinson, 1972. Nature [London] 235: 169-170. —Vinson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 65: 229-236. —Vinson, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 409-413. —Vinson, 1972. Jour.
Insect Physiol. 18: 1501-1516. —Norton, Vinson, and Thurston, 1974. Electron Micros. Soc.
Amer., Proc. 32d: 140-141. —Wilson, Ridgway, and Vinson, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67:
271-274. —Norton and Vinson, 1974. Internatl. Jour. Insect Morph. and Embryol. 3:
305-306, 309-311, 314-315. —Wilson and Ridgway, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 714-717.
(cocoon spinning). —Schmidt, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 835-844. —Wilson and
Ridgway, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 191-196. —Norton, Vinson, and Stoltz, 1975. Cell
Tissue Res. 162: 195-208. —Vinson, 1975. In Price, Evol. Strat. Paras. Insects and Mites, p.
—
Dahlman and Vinson, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69: 523-524.
29, 30, 31, 32, 34.
—Lingren, Environmental Ent. 6: 72-76.
1977.
striatipes (Ashmead). N. H., N. Mex. The type-locality (not mentioned by Ashmead) is "Top of
[Las Vegas] range, [N. Mex.], betw[een] Sapello and Pecos Rivers, Ab[ou]t 11,000 ft.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 655
[elevation]." Townes and Townes (1951) indicated that the species is also known from
Mt. Madison, N. H.
Limneria Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 148. ? (S misdet.).
striatipes
taeniolata (Viereck). N. Mex. Known only from the holotype, which was collected at Beulah.
Limnerium taeniolata Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 92. i.
tibialis (Viereck). Southern B. C, w. Wash.
Sagaritis tibialis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 77. 9.
tibiator (Cresson). Northern N. Y. s. to s.w. S. C. and n. Ala., w. to s.e. Iowa and n.e. Kans.
Host: Rhodophora gaurae (J. E. S.), geometrid on apple?
Mesoleptus tibiator Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 259. 6.
Ischnoscopus taeniatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 305. 9.
yakutatensis (Ashmead). Southeastern Alaska.
Ischnoscopus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 236. i, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 165-166.
surata Tigner. Central Tenn., s.w. N. Dak., central S. Dak., s. Tex., e. Wye, s. Alta., n. Utah.
CalUdora surata Tigner, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 39. 6, 9.
tegularis Tigner. Northeastern Pa., s.e. Mich.
CalUdora tegularis Tigner, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 38. S, 9.
Revision: Gupta and Gupta, 1974. Oriental Insects 8: 1-14 (Oriental spp.).
distincta (Cresson). Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Ga., n.e. Kans., Colo., and w. Oreg.
Mesoleptus subrubidus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 264. S.
Mesoleptus distinctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 266. 9.
Limnerium vigilis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 179. i.
Idechthis biconjunctus Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 180. i.
Campoplex (Nepiera) amasecontonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
History Survey Bui. 22: 266. 6 .
656 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cymodusa plesius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 598 (syn. and first revisor choice of
names). —Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59
{nigripes suppressed because of secondary homonymy). —Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et
al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 201 (transfer to Cymodusa as l&evissiina).
provancheri Viereck. N. S.
Cymodusa provancheri Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. 9. In
1926 (p. 4) Viereck, in effect, selected a lectotype for provancheri and, at the same
place, wrote: "{Limneria) Cymodusa provancheri new name
= Cymodusa distincta
Provancher, not Cresson." Walkley (1958) treated provancheri as a replacement name
for Limneria distincta Provancher, and Barron (1975) concurred with Walkley, stating
that "Viereck's designation of a holotype for provancheri is disallowed (Int. Code Zool.
Nom. art. 72 (d))." Article 72 (d), however, has no bearing on this case because Viereck
did not originally(i.e. 1925, p. 180) propose provancheri expressly as a replacement for
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. hi Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59,
60. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 462.
aristoteliae Viereck. N. J., Mo., S. Dak., n.e. Kans. Host: Aristotelia pudibundella (Zell.).
Cyynodusopsis aristoteliae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 588. 6,9.
Townes (1970) indicated that this Holarctic genus appears to be represented by one species
which has a number of geographic variants. However, there appear to be at least two distinct
species in North America. I have seen specimens from Mass., N. J., Md., and Va. which appear to
represent an undescribed species which apparently occurs in swampy areas. S. kriechbaumeri
has been reared from species of the noctuid genus Orthosia.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 169.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 657
canadensis Walley. Que^ Ont., Colo. Ecology: A specimen which seems to agree with Walley's
a stone
description of canadensis was reared from its cocoon which was collected under
at Garden of the Gods, El Paso Co., Colo.
Spudastica canadensis Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 157. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 413-414. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 172-174, 180-181. — Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 81-82,
83.
alopha (Townes), comb. N. H., R. I., s. Ont., Mich. I have seen a pair of specimens in the
n.
Canadian Natl. Collection which have the nervellus intercepted by the discoidella (cf.
Townes' fig. 170).
Anoixis alophus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 180. 6, 9.
Asinamora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 155. N. syn.
Type-species: Ichneumon collector Thunberg. By subsequent monotypy
from
inclusion by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. The designation of Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965) reads: "{Limneria concinna Holmgren)
= collector
This a genus of small to moderate size. It is known to me only from the Neotropic, Holarc-
is
Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 414. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 291. —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 81-82,
83. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 155.
basilaris (Provancher). Que.
Limneria basilaris Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. "<J" = 9. The specimen indicated
as being the lectotype by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) and the holotype by Barron (1975)
was incorrectly stated by them as being a male. My notes on the holotype indicate that
is a female of the genus Nepiera, and that it is similar to and perhaps conspecific with
benevola Gahan. My notes also indicate that the male in the Provancher collection does
not have the hind coxa black; it thereby fails to agree with Provancher's original
Meloboris. In the U. S.
description. It represents an undescribed species of the genus
658 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Guppy, 1961; 1967. Canad. Ent. 93: 569; 99: 96, 100.
oblonga (Viereck). Ont., n.w. Mich. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).
224 (key); 58
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) obloiigus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9):
(10): 260. 9.
unica (Viereck). Southeastern Ont.
Angitia (Dioctes) unicus Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (7): 182. 6.
one not indigenous), but several years ago I received specimens of one or two additional species.
The number of Palearctic species appears to be somewhat smaller. The small amount of
Neotropic material I have seen included four species.
Most species normally parasitize only macrolepidoptera which do not conceal themselves when
feeding. Many of the new host records which are given here are from specimens deposited
in the
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 56-62 (final-instar larvae).
Morphology: Finlayson, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1155-1158 (caudal appendages of some
final-instar larvae).
Campoplex (Anieloctonus) speciosus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 257. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
376.
Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 6: 188, 206-208, 223, 226.
confusa (Thomson). N. B. w. to n.w. B. C, s. to n.w. Pa., Ohio, s. Sask., s. Alta., and n. Calif.;
Europe. Host: Nymphalis antiopa (L.), Polygonia faunus (Ed.), P. interrogationis (F.),
P. satyrus (Ed.).
Phobocampa confusa Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1122. 9
660 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Hypotherentes{\) geometrae Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 4: 167. cJ.
Campoplex (Hypothereutes) cmicisus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 224. <J, 9.
Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) angustus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 198. 9.
pallida (Cushman). Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., s.e. Pa., Md. Host: Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.).
Callidora pallida Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 20. 9.
pallipes (Provancher). Que. w. to n.w. B. C, s. to e. N. C, Iowa, s. Man., N. Mex., Ariz., and n.
Calif. Host: Noctuid, Syngrapha sp., S. alia interalia (OttoL), S. rectangula nargenta
(OttoL), S. selecta (Wlk.), Orgyia antiqua (L.), 0. definita (Pack.), 0. leucostigma (J. E.
S.), 0. pseudotsugata McD.
Limneria pallipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. 9.
Limerium pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 101. Emend.
Campoplex (Campoplex) arcanus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):
146. 9.
tempestiva (Holmgren). Europe. Introduced in N. S. in 1955, 1957, 1961, and 1962 without
becoming established. Host: Operophtera brumata (L.). The host cited was the target
species for the introduction in N. S.; I have seen tempestiva specimens which were
reared from other geometrid hosts, but none of the latter occur in North America. This
species has frequently been misidentified as crassiuscula (Gravenhorst), the name
under which the introductions in N. S. have been reported (e.g. McGugan and Coppel,
1962; Embree, 1971). Voucher material I have seen would appear to indicate that
releases of tempestiva in N. S. were accompanied by releases of about equal numbers of
an undescribed species of Phobocampe which I also know as a parasite of Lymantria
dispar (L.) and which has been misidentified as P. disparis (Viereck) in Japan (see
unicincta [Gravenhorst]).
Limneria tempestiva Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):
94. S, 9.
to
Biology: Wyhe, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 120-121 (as "crassiuscula" presumably pertaining
spp., including tempestiva). —McGugan and Coppel, 1962. Commonwealth
Inst. Biol.
SuperfamUy ICHNEUMONOIDEA 661
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1122. —Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35:
403-407 (labeling in the Gravenhorst collection of Ichneumonidae).
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 191. —Howard, 1914.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7: 87 (establishment). —Burgess and Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 49-54. —Muesebeck and Parker, 1933. Jour. Agr. Res. 46: 335-347.
— Semevskiy, 1973. Ent. Obozr. 52: 44 (probably the sp. misdet. as pulchella [Thomson]).
Taxonomy: Momoi, 1968. Kontyu 36: 180-181. — Aubert, 1971. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 27:
38 (syn.).
Biology: Zwoelfer, 1963. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 51: 348. — Paradis and Leroux, 1965. Ent.
Soc. Canada. Mem. 43: 49.
662 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
taeniopus (Viereck). Newfoundland (s. Labrador), P. E. I., Que., Ont, s.e. Alaska, s.e. B. C, w.
Wash.; Europe.
Hypothereutes annulipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 236. 9. Formerly
preocc. in Campoplex by Cresson, 1864.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) taeniopus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223. N. name for
H. annulipes Ashmead.
Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757: 8, 9, 11, 22-25, 51.
enchophorus Townes. Maine, Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., s.e. Va., Ont. w. Wash. Host: Tetralopha
sp., T. aplastella Clem., lepidopteran
on poplar.
Philositus enchophorus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Me. 13: 188. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Barron and Bisdee, 1977. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 70: 48-50 (final-instar larva).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 178.
parvulus solenobiae (Ashmead). Maine, Mass., N. Y., N. J., Del., Mo. Host: Solenobia walskella
Clem., Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.).
Limneria solenobiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 433. 6.
Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrictenbl. 19: 80, 83 (status revised).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177-178. —Horstmann, 1970.
Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 82-83.
albipes (Provancher). Que., Conn., R. I., N. Y. The species was inadvertently placed in
Casinaria by Barron (1975).
Porizon albipes Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 364. 9 .
Nemeritis ocellatics Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 6. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) ocellatus."
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 178 (transfer to Enytus).
-Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 420-421.
alticola (Cushman), n. comb. N. H. Known only from the holotype, which was collected on Mt.
Washington.
Zaporus alticola Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Diodes alticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 11. 9.
eureka (Ashmead). Southwestern Idaho, B. C. s. to s. Calif. Host: Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.),
Argyrotaenia dorsalatia (Dyar), C horistoneura rosaceana (Harris), Cnephasia longana
(Haw.), Pande7nis limitata (Rob.), Malacosoma califomicum pluviale Dyar?, Acrobasis
vaccina Riley.
Limneria eureka Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 436. 6.
Enytus maculipes Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 132. 9.
Campoplex (Diodes) rosaceanae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (7):
181. 9.
664 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cahf.; Greenland; Europe. Host: Dioryctria sp.?, Zeiraphera sp., Z.fortunona Kft.,
Acleris variana (Fern.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. occidentalis Free., leaf
roller on poplar, leaf tier on Vaccinium.
Isclmocerus mo7itanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 418. 9.
Neineritis conodor Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 9. In the
1926 portion of Viereck's work as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) concolor[!]." N. syn.
Angitia {hiareolata) laticeps Roman, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 1: 541. 6, 9.
Formerly preocc. in Diadegma by Viereck, 1925. N. syn.
Horogenes patens Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 659. N. name for A. (/.)
laticeps Roman.
Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 441; 23: 132, 134.
obliteratus (Cresson). N. Y. and Ont. s. to n. Fla., w. to central Nebr. Host: Grapholitha
molesta (Bsk.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Rhyacionia fnistrana (Comst.)?,
Anthophila pariana (Clerck), Homadaula albizziae Clarke, Coleophora serratella (L.),
Arogalea cristifasciella (Cham.), Acleris minuta (Rob.), Argyrotaenia velutinayia (Wlk.).
Mesoleptus obliteratus Cresson, 1874. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 260. 9.
Limneria elegans Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 40. 9.
Limneria salicicola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. 9. I believe that
the data which Ashmead gave for the holotype may not apply to it (see discussion of the
holotype of Diadegma acronyctae [Ashmead]).
Limneria salicicolum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 103. Emend.
Thymaris slingerlandana Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 333. 9.
Nemeritis dolichounis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 178. 9.
Biology: Boyce, 1947. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 77: 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33. —Allen, 1962. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 49-50. —
Dustan and Boyce, 1966. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt.
96: 100, 101, 102.
oculus (Viereck), n. comb. Ont., s.w. Alta. Host: Geometrid?, Operophtera bniceata (Hulst)?
The host records are queried because Geometridae seem unlikely to be hosts for
members of this genus.
Nemeritis oculus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 6. In the
1926 portion of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) oculus."
Angitia Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 327.
Preocc. by Walker, 1858.
Type-species: Angitia glabricula Holmgren. Monotypic.
Diadegma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153.
Type-species: Campoplex crassicomis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1907.
Pectenella Morley, 1915 (1916). Ichn. Britannica, v. 5, p. 65, 173, 174, 175, 183, 342, 364, 392.
The preoccupied variant spelling Pectinella appeared on pages 65 and 183 (<i(^.e Townes,
1965).
Type-species: Angitia latungula Thomson. Monotypic.
Areolina Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 41.
Type-species: Areolina imbecilla Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Nothanomaloides Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 272.
Type-species: Nothanomaloides stenosomus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neoarthula Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 179.
Type-species: Neoarthula pierisae Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Diadegma subg. Neoangitia Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 414.
Type-species: Angitia glabricula Holmgren. Orig. desig.
This is a very large genus of worldwide distribution. Horstmann (1969) recognized three sub-
genera; he applied the name Nythobia Foerster to the largest subgenus. I am not convinced that
the name Nythobia should be applied to anything other than its type-species, N. pusio
(Holmgren).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 665
Revision: Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 925-943 (spp. of the "stenosonms complex").
-Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 413-472; 23: 131-150 (European spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 413-415. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 178-179. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 155
(generic syn. revised).
acronyctae (Ashmead). Newfoundland (insular) w. to s. Sask., s. to w. N. C, n. Mich, and Colo.
Host: Ancylis coniptana (Froel.), microlepidoptera on Salix, Acleris variana (Fern.),
Archips rosanus (L.).
Liinneria acronyctae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 194. S. Ashmead cited no
locality for the holotype, and the host data Ashmead cited are erroneous.
Circumstantial
evidence indicates that the data which Ashmead (1890) and Riley and Howard (1890)
cited for the holotype oi Limneria salicicola Ashmead (the latter say: "Inquilinous
Lepid. Larvae in willow gall, London, Ontario, March 1872") apply also, if not
exclusively, to the holotype of acronyctae. This appears to be supported by the fact
that several acronyctae specimens in the Canadian Natl. Collection emerged from galls
on willow. The latter were apparently referred to by Finlayson (1975).
Campoplex (Angitia) rosanae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 68. 9. N. syn.
Campoplex {Ischnoscopus) altenis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 196. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177 (placed rosanae in
Tranosema). —Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 63, 64-65, 121, 137.
Biology: Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. —Riley and Howard, 1890. U.
S.Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158 (data for Limneria salicicola Ashmead).
acutum (Viereck). Idaho, B. C. s. to n. Calif. Host: Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley). Other
host records have been published, but I am reluctant to regard them as being correct
without seeing specimens pertaining to them.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) vaticouverensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key);
58 (8): 200. 9.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) acutus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58 (8):
200. 9.
Angitia platyptiliae Cushman, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 183. 6, 9.
Biology: Lange, 1941. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 53: 22, 67.
aestivale (Viereck). N. S. w. to w. Ont., s. to n. Va. Host: Psilocorsis sp. on Myrica gale, P.
cryptolechiella (Cham.), P. reflexella Clem.
Angitia aesitivalis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 71. 9.
Taxonomy: Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 926, 933-934.
albertae (Walley). Northern Alta.
Aiigitia albertae Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 191. 9.
albicinctum Walley. Colo. Known only from the holotype, which was collected near Bond at an
elevation of 7000 ft.
Diadegma albicincta Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 941. 9.
antennaellae (Walley). N. Y., n. Va., Ont. Host: Coleophora sp. on rose, C. alniella Heinr., C.
serratella (L.).
Campoplex (Angitia) antennaellae Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 182. 9 (6 misdet.).
blackburni (Cameron). Northwestern Oreg., w. Calif.; Hawaii. Adventive? Host: Phthorimaea
operculella (Zell). I have seen six specimens from North America; three of them
were
collected in 1897 (two at Hood River, Oreg.; one at Baden, Calif.); two of them were
reared from the host cited at Chino, Calif., apparently in 1920. Other hosts have been
recorded in Hawaii by Swezey (1907, 1915). Reports of the occurrence of blackburtii in
Bermuda are almost certainly erroneous; they appear to pertain to compressum
(Cresson). Species appearing to be related to blackburni are Oriental, suggesting that
blackburni may be adventive in North America as well as in Hawaii.
Limneria blackburni Cameron, 1883. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 31: 192. [female].
Limneria hawaiiensis Cameron, 1886. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. (3)
10: 241. [female].
666 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Swezey, 1907. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc, Expt. Sta., Bui., Ent. Ser. 5: 43-45; pi.
Campoplex {Angiiia) woonandi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 265. 6.
Angitia galleriae Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 266. 6, 9. N. syn.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) petiolatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 221. 9.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) curtus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58 (9):
221. 9.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) triangularis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 222. 9.
Campoplex (Diadegma) costata Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (11):
279. 9.
Campoplex (Eulimneria) bakeri Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (10): 278. 9.
Angitia incipiens Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 192. 9.
Horogenes chrysosticta corsieator Aubert, 1961. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 130: 183. 6, 9.
Diadegma chrysosticta orientator Aubert, 1965. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 17: 67. 9.
Taxonomy: Walley, 1959. In Fisher, Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 429. — Horstmann, 1969; 1973.
Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 462, 465, 467, 468; 23: 132.
Biology: Thorpe, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 13: 58-59. —Richards,
1949. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 18: 31-32. —Fisher, 1959. Canad.
Jour. Zool. 37: 429-446. —Fisher, 1961. Jour. Expt. Zool. 38: 267-275. —Fisher, 1962.
Ecology 43: 314-316.
combinatum (Holmgren). Greenland?; Europe. The species was recorded from Greenland by
Roman Roman's identification would be questionable in view of Horstmann's
(1933), but
(1969) finding that the Holmgren collection no longer contains any type material of
combinatum.
Livineria combinata Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. s.) 2: (2):
62. 6, 9.
Diadegma combinata alpinator Aubert, 1970. Soc. Ent. de. Mulhouse, Bui. 26: 69, 9.
59. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 193. —Boyd, 1934. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 1: 135-138
(variation and comparison with encerophagum Horstmann, which was misdet. as "Angitia
cerophaga [Gravenhorst]"). —Hinz, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 70. —Townes, Momoi,
and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 296-297. —Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent.
19: 460-461; 23: 133. —Gupta, 1974. Oriental Insects 8: 104-105.
Biology: Hardy, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 352-355, 356, 357, 365, 371 (as compared
with
encerophagum [= "cerophaga"]). —Lloyd, 1942. Rev. Canad. de Biol. 1: 633-634 (as
compared with encerophagum [= "cerophaga"]).
glabriculum (Holmgren). Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., n. Yukon; Europe.
Angitia glabricula Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.
15:327. 6,9.
Diadegma frigida Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 941. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 427-428: 23: 133, 141.
groenlandicum (Roman). Western Greenland. Horstmann (1969) placed groenlandicum as a
synonym (with a query) of D. trochanteratum (Thomson). In 1976 I studied the
trochanteratum lectotype and the groenlandicum holotype; I compared my homotype
for the former with the holotype of the latter and do not think it possible that the two
names are synonymous.
Anilasta groenlandica Roman, 1916. Arkiv. for Zool. 10 (22): 11. 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 610. —Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z.
hospitum (Holmgren). Northwestern Calif. Known only from the lectotype which was almost
certainly collected in the San Francisco vicinity, particularly in view of the fact that it
was collected by Kinberg (see Persson, 1971, p. 169).
Limneria hospita Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 416. cj.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 110 (lectotype selection).
—Persson,
1971. Ent. Tidskr. 92: 164-172 (discussion of Eug. Resa voyage).
insulate (Cresson). N. H. w. to s. B. C, s. to and s. Calif.; West Indies and
s. Fla., s. Tex.,
Mexico s. to Venezuela; Hawaii. Host: Hellula undalis (F.), Piutella armoraciae Bsk., P.
xylostella (L.).
Mesolephis insularis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 15. 6.
Limneria polynesialis Cameron, 1883. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 31: 191. 9.
Campoplex (Angitia) hellulae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 631. 9.
Angitia plutellae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 583. 9. N. syn.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) pygmaeus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 220. 9.N. syn.
Sagaritis congregator Walley, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (9): 225; 58 (10): 240. 6, 9. Described
on p. 225, but name deleted there through printer's error; name provided on p. 240. N.
syn.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1918. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 3: 400. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Mem. 11: 653-654, 660.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 10 (type of /. praerogator). —Townes, 1945. Amer.
Mem. 11: 660, 664. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177.
Ent. Soc,
—Horstmann, 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 23: 134-135 (generic placement, suppression of name
interruptum).
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 669
Angitia laricinella Strobl, 1904. Naturw. Ver. f. Steiermark, Mitt. 40: 86. 6, 9.
220. 9.
221. 9. Preocc. by Holmgren, 1856 and also secondarily by Cushman, 1922; not renamed
here because of uncertain synonymy.
in 1966, without
mollipla (Holmgren). Rhodesia, South Africa, Mauritius. Introduced in Calif,
becoming established. Host: Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.). The host cited was the
target species for the release in Calif. I have used the spelling mollipla
and regard
that
molliplum as an unjustified emendation because mollipla is indecipherable; for
reason Hobngren's proposal of it with an upper case M must be accepted as indicating
that it is a proper name, as was done by Dalla Torre (1901), who acted as first revisor in
transferring the species to Limnerium as mollipla.
Limneria Mollipla Hobngren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 417. S.
Limnerium stellenboschense Cameron, 1905. So. African Phil. Soc, Trans. 15: 200. 9 .
Diadegma fasciannulata Morley, 1915. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16: 340. Nomen
nudum.
Diadegma molliplum Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 156. Emend.
Taxonomy: Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 99. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 19: 156 (syn. and lectotype selections).
(9): 222. 9.
obscurum (Cresson). Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Ind., Iowa, and Colo. Host: Crambus trisectus
(Wlk.), Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.).
Proc. 3: 261. 9.
Mesoleptus obscunis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila.,
203 (key); 58
Campoplex (Hyposoter) convergens Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8):
(8): 200. 9.
vinalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
Campoplex (Ischnoscopus)
(8): 197. 9.
670 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
ungavae Walley. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., Colo.Ecology: The specimens from
Colo, were collected at elevations of 11,700 ft. and 12,000 ft. in the Rocky Mts.
Diadegma ungavae Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 939. i, 9.
Bosmina Cameron, 1899. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 43 (3): 120.
Preocc. by Baird, 1845.
Type-species: Bosmina spinipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Hymenohosmina Dalla Torre, 1901. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 20: 52. N. name for Bosmina
Cameron.
Neobosmiiia Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 250. Probably a lapsus for Hymenohosmina
Dalla Torre, as evidenced bt Cameron's inclusion of Bosmina mandibularis Cameron
and by the fact that he gave no indication that he was describing a new genus; possibly
not treatable as a lapsus without more definite proof.
Type-species: Neobosmina pilosella Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
This a large genus of the Old World. The number of Palearctic species appears to be small,
is
and my impression that more Eriborus species occur in the Oriental Region that in other
it is
Taxonomy: Townes, Townes, and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 243 (syn.). — Oehlke,
1961.
1964. Ent. Abhandl. 29: 571 (footnote). — Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 414, 415.
molestae (Uchida). Korea, Japan. Introduced between 1932 and 1953 at 321 localities from
Mass. w. to 111., s. to Ga. and Ark., according to Allen (1962); there was temporary
establishment at least from many of the releases between 1932 and 1937, but the species
has apparently not persisted anywhere in the United States. The host cited was the
target species for releases in the United States.
Diodes molestae Uchida, 1933. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 23: 148. 9.
Biology: Garman, 1939. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 428: 65-66, 67. —Allen, Holloway,
and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 51-52. —
Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 728: 21-24, 48-49, 59. —Allen, 1954. Jour. Econ. Ent. 47: 278. —Allen, 1962. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 120.
terebrans (Gravenhorst). Mass. and Ont. w. to N. Dak., s. to Md., Ill, and Iowa; Eurasia.
Introduced. Host: Ostriyiia Jiubilalis (Hbn.), lepidopteran in red pine shoot? One
specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection is labeled as having been reared from a
red pine tip infested by Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.).
Campoplex terebrans Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 503. S, 9.
Angitia (.Diodes) gigantea Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 373. 9.
Eugnomus pyraustae Okamoto, 1921. Hokkaido Agr. Expt. Sta., Rpt. 12: 15. S.
Angitia (Diodes) pundoria Roman, 1923. Ent. Tidskr. 44: 171. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Aubert, 1964. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, Bui. Mens. 33: 64 (syn.). —Townes, 1965.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 5: 304 (syn.). —Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 453-454.
Biology: Clark, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 455: 9, 11, 20-21, 28, 31. -Ellinger and
Sachtleben, 1929. Biol. Reichsanst. f. Land-u. Forstw., Arb. 17: 327. —Clark and Carter,
1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36: 120. —Baker, Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 983: 74, 75-90, 91.
This is a small Holarctic genus. The known hosts include nematine sawflies of the genera Pon-
ta7iia, Euura, and Hoplocanipa.
Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Deut. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 30 (1): 8-12; 30 (2): 16-18 (European
spp.).
672 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
euurae (Ashmead). Western Mont., s.w. Idaho, Utah., s. Ariz., w. Nev., s. Calif. Host: Euura
sp. Pontania sp. I suspect that the species studied by Caltagirone (1964) and Finlayson
(1975) is not euurae.
Limneria emirae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 433. 6, 9. The type
locality is Pahreah, Kane Co., Utah.
Biology: Caltagirone, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 287-289 (possibly not euurae).
—Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 80-81, 132, 137 (possibly not euurae).
modestus (Brues). Arctic N. W. T.
Diodes modestus Brues, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3, pt. G, p. 23. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 187 (generic placement).
Limneria Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af Forhandl. 15: ... 326.
Preocc. by Adams, 1851.
Type-species: Campoplex longipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of Ichneumon longipes Mueller.
Olesicampe Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 153.
Type-species: Campoplex longipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from 26
species included by Thomson, 1887. The type-species is Gravenhorst's
Ichneumon longipes Mueller.
identification of
Omobonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154.
Type-species: Omobonis kincaidi Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Davis, 1898.
Holocremnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.
Type-species: Limneria cothumata Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from 22
species included by Thomson, 1887.
Olesicampa Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1053, 1139. Emend.
Holocremna Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1053, 1176. Emend.
Limnerium Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Limneria Holmgren.
Zaplatystoma Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177, 180, 181.
Type-species: Zaplatystoma typicum Viereck. By orig. indication and also
subsequent desig. of Viereck, 1926.
This is a large genus. As presently defined in the structural sense, it appears to include spe-
cies from all zoogeographic regions, but by far the greatest number of species occur in the
Holarctic Region. From our knowledge of the habits of a considerable number of the species oc-
curring in the Holarctic Region there has developed the supposition that parasitism of sawfly
larvae clearly distinquishes Olesicampe from Hyposoter (parasites of Lepidoptera larvae).
Structural differentiatiton of the two genera is rather arbitrary, however, particularly when one
looks at the world fauna, in which case the differentiation of Olesicampe from Lemophagus also
appears arbitrary. Although it seems certain that some of the species currently placed in
Olesicampe will prove not to be parasites of sawflies, it appears equally as certain that nearly all
of the Nearctic and Palearctic species of Olesicampe are parasites of sawflies. In all cases known
to me, Olesicampe species kill the host after it has spun its cocoon and emerge as adults from
the host cocoon.
Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). The host cited was the target species for releases of
benefactor in North America, and benefactor is not known to parasitize other species
of
sawflies in Europe.
Olesicampe benefactor Hinz, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 181. 6, 9.
Biology: Muldrew, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 312-321 (as "sp. near nematonim" [Tschek]).
—Turnock and Muldrew, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 4:
182-186, 187-193. —
Pschorn-Walcher and Zinnert, 1971. Commonwealth Inst., Biol. Control,
Tech. Bui. 14: 24-28. —
Embree and Underwood, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 89-96.
—Pschorn-Walcher, 1972. Studienrichtung Forst-u. Holzwirtsch., v. 4, p. 461-464, 465, 467.
— Kulman, Thompson, and Witter, 1974. Gt. Lakes Ent. 7: 23-25.
brachyura (Ashmead). N. Y., Mich.
Livtneria brachyura Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. 9.
Limnerium brachyurum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 91. Emend.
californica (Cresson). Southern Calif.
Limneria californica Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 369. 3.
cushmani (Viereck). N. Y., N. C, Ont., Sask., Wash.
Campoplex (Anieloctonus) diversus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 277. 9. Preocc. by Norton, 1863.
N. name for
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) cushmani Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (11): 279.
C. (A.) diversus Viereck.
decora (Viereck). Southern B. C.
181 (key); 58
Zaplatystoma decorum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): (2): 31. 9.
1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 28. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer,
460, 548.
egregia (Viereck). Ont.
181 58 30. 9.
Zaplatystoma egregium Viereck. 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): (key); (2):
98. 9.
181 (key); 58 9.
Zaplatystoma cineremn Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): (1): 7.
N. lecontei (Fitch), N. piuetiDu (Nort.), A^. swainei Midd., N. sp. in virginiana comple.x.
Limneria lophyri Riley, 1877. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 9: 32. 6, 9.
Biology: Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 51-52, 55 (also fig. fmal-instar larva).
— Riordan, 1963.
Canad. Jour. Zool. 41: 1242.
macellator (Thunberg). Europe. Introduced in N. S., N. B., Que., Vt., and Ont. between 1933
and 1940, without becoming established. Host: Gilpinia fnitetonwi (F.), G. polytovia
(Htg.). The hosts cited were apparently the ones from which rearings were made of
individuals released in North America, and most of the rearings were apparently from
G. polytonia. The target species for the releases in North America was G. hercyniae
(Htg.), and hercyniae was not recorded as a host of macellator by Oehlke (1966). Oehlke
apparently did not study type specimens other than that of Campoplex retectus Hartig,
and his suppression of retectus as a synonym of macellator is apparently based upon
Roman's (1912) suppression of Holocremna frutetonim Thomson as a synonym of
macellator. My notes on the lectotype oi fndetonim indicate that it probably pertains
to the present species, but there is a definite need for careful study by one revisor of all
three of the types in question. A specimen matched by me with one in the Holmgren
collection labeled as lectotype of Limneria cothurnata Holmgren (But possibly not yet
selected by publication) indicates that cothurnata is erroneously treated as a synonym
of macellator by Oehlke (1966) and Aubert (1973).
Ichneumon macellator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
265; 9: 320. [male].
Campoplex retectus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 272.
9.
Holocremna frutetomm Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1178. S, 9.
Olesicam^pe ratzeburgi auct., 1936-1975. Limneria ratzeburgi Tschek (1871) was suppressed
with a query as a synonym of macellator by Oehlke (1966), but Aubert (1973) indicated
that synonymy to be incorrect.
Taxonomy: Tschek, 1871. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 21: 64-65 (description of L.
ratzeburgi). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 266, 291 —Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z.
Ent. 15: 865-867. —Aubert, 1973. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Bui. Mens. 42: 23. —
Finlayson, 1975.
Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 78, 79-80 131, 137 (final-instar larva).
Biology: Finalyson and Reeks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 160-166. —Morris, Cameron, and Jepson,
1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 364-367. —
Lovaszy, 1939. Ent. Soc. Fenn., Ann. 5: 226-228.
—Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90 (9): 558; 90 (10): 587, 589. Dowden, —
1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226: 15 (release only). —
McGugaan and Coppel, 1962.
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun.. 2: 39, 92, 98, 161-162
mimetica (Viereck). Southwestern Alta., Wash., Oreg.
Zaplatystoma mimeticum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 31. 9.
nematicida (Viereck). Southern B. C. Host: Sawfly on ribes sp.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) nematicidus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key);
58 (10): 258. 9.
pikonemae Walley. N. S., N. B., Que., Ont., n. Minn., s.e. B. C. Host: Pikonevia alaskensis
(Roh.), P. dimmockii (Cr.).
Olesicampe pikonemae Walley, 1942. Canad. Ent. 74: 193. 6,9.
pteronideae (Rohwer). Northern Va. Host: Nematus erythrogaster Nort.
Homalomma pteronideae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 219. S.
ruficornis (Provancher), revised status. Que.
Limneria ruficornis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. 9. My notes on the holotype of
ruficornis indicate that it is not conspecific with the holotype of 0. dentata (see
discussion of dentata); ruficornis had been suppressed as synonym of dentata by
Provancher (1879); the holotype of ruficornis was found by Barron (1975).
Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 181. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 538.
typica (Viereck). Que., N. Y.
Zaplatystoma typicum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (1): 7. S, 9.
virginiensis (Viereck). N. Y., n. Va.
Holocremnus virginiensis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 76. 9.
Species so far referred to this small genus are native to Japan, Europe, and northern Africa
and are parasites of Chrysomelidae. The egg is laid in the larva of the host which is killed after
it has constructed its pupal cell.
curtus Townes. N. Y., w. Pa., w. W. Va., Ohio, s. Mich., n. Ind.; Europe. Introduced. Host:
Oulema melanopus (L.). The host cited was the target species for releases of L. curtus
in North America. Data on recoveries and establishment of L. curtus was furnished by
Mr. T. L. Burger. Establishment in W. Va. may still be uncertain, but in other states the
species has been recovered in Counties other than those in which it was released;
recoveries have been made at distances as great as 68 miles from any known release
point.
Lemophagus curtus Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 415. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Montgomery and DeWitt, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 574-578 (egg and
larva).
Biology: Stehr, Gage, Burger, and Montgomery, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 453-454 (initial
recoveries).
Rhythmonot^is Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 151, 220. The variant
spelling "Rhytmonotus" appeared on p. 220.
Type-species: Rhythmonotus singularis Schmeideknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmidedknecht, 1909.
Hyposoter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.
Type-species: Limnerius (Hyposoter) parorgyiae Viereck. Monotypically included
and desig. by Viereck, 1910.
Ischnoscopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.
Type-species: Ischnoscopus synchlorae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Ameloctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.
676 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Type-species: Banchus fugitivus Say. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Ashmead, 1900.
Ebiicha Seyrig, 1935. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. 4: 88.
Type-species: Ebiicha crocata Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neozacliresta Blanchard, 1949. In Havrylenko and Winterhalter, Insectos del Parque Nac.
Nahuel Huapi, Buenos Aires, p. 46. Nomen nudum (fig. only).
This very large genus is all zoogeographic regions. The hosts are larval Lepidop-
known from
tera, in nearly all cases those which do not conceal themselves when feeding (i.e. predominantly
macrolepidoptera). It seems to me that Hyposoter, as presently defined, includes as bewildering
a diversity of forms as any genus in the family. It would appear that the task of breaking the
genus into smaller ones that are more meaningful phyletically will require a great deal of
research that is not likely to be accomplished soon.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 181-182 (syn.).
— Townes and
Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 157 (syn. revised).
affinis (Cresson). Mass., N. Y., 111.
Mesoleptus affinis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 263. "6"
= 9. Preocc. by
Holmgren, 1856, but not renamed here because of the possibility that a synonym has
been described.
annulipes (Cresson). N. S. w. to w. N. W. T. and s. B. C, s. to central Fla., s. Tex., n. Utah, and
s. Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Anicla infecta (Ochs.), Autographa precationis
Calif. Host:
(Gn.), Catocala sp., C. antinympha (Hbn.), Ceramica picta (Harris), Eupsilia sp. on
oriental cherry, Heliotfiis zea (Bod.)?, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Pyrrhia umbra
(Hufn.), Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), S. frugiperda (J. E. S.), S. ornithogalli (Gn.),
Hyposoter interjectus Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 156. 9. H. interjectus was
incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of nigrolineatus (Viereck) by Townes (1945);
although the name interjectus could perhaps be used subspecifically for the annulipes
population in the southeastern United States, I have decided that this should not be
done before the relationship between annulipes and exiguae (Viereck) is reassessed. It
should be noted that specimens similar in coloration to those found in the southeast
occasionally are found as far north as Mass. and Mich.; whether or not the holotype of
Campoplex eurytherneae Viereck is such a specimen remains to be seen (see synonymy
for exiguae). N. syn.
Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) mitralis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 197. 9.
Campoplex (I schnoscopus) truncatellus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key);
58 (8): 197. 9.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) confusus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 277. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945, Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 663-664, 668-669 (syn.).
— Finlayson,
1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 73, 74, 127, 128, 137 (final-instar larva).
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 4: 72-73, 126, 137 (final-instar larva).
dimidiatus (Ashmead). Western Ky., n. Ala., s.w. Miss.
Zachresta dimidiata Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 677
exiguae (Viereck). Southern Sask.?, n. Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Mexico; Hawaii. Host: Autographa
califomica (Spey.), Catabena esula (Druce), Heliothis phloxiphaga (G. and R.), H. zea
(Bod.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera exigua
(Hbn.), S. praefica (Grt.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Manduca quinquemaculata (Haw.), M.
sexta (L.), Cynthia cardui (L.)?, Ascia monuste (L.), Colias eurytheme (Bdv.)?
Campoplex (Hypothereutes) exiguae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. 9.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) eurythemeae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 47 (9): 223 (key);
58 (10): 258. <J, 9. Viereck's type specimens were reared from Colias eurytheme at
Kinistino, Sask. Townes (1945) suppressed C. eurythemeae as a synonym of exiguae,
perhaps incorrectly (see synonymy for annulipes).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 665.
Biology: Swezey, 1927. Hawaii Ent. Soc, Proc. 6: 404-407. —Williams, 1931. Handb. Ins. ...
Hawaii. Sug. Cane Fields, p. 268-269. —
Blanchard and Conger, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25:
1065. —
Michelbacher and Essig, 1938. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 625: 21. —Puttier and
van den Bosch, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 327-329. —Puttier, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
54: 25-30. —
Smilowitz, 1973. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 66: 93-99.
—
Smilowitz and Iwantsch,
1973. Environmental Ent. 2: 759-763. —Smilowitz, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 317-320.
—Smilowitz and Iwantsch, 1975. Canad. Ent. 107: 689-694. —
Jowyk and SmUowitz, 1975.
N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 83: 261. —Smilowitz, Martinka, and Jowyk, 1975. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 83: 262-263. —Iwantsch and Smilowitz, 1975. Canad. Ent. 107: 927-934. —Iwantsch
and SmUowitz, 1975. Jour. Insect Physiol. 21: 1151-1157. —
Beegle and Oatman, 1976. Ent.
Expt. et Appl. 20: 77-80.
frigidus (Lundbeck). Eastern Greenland. Host: Anarta sp., "Hadena" sp.
Limneria frigida Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk.
Meddel. (for 1896), p. 236. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 610-611.
fugitivus (Say). N. S. w. to w. Wash., s. to central Fla., s.e. Tex., and central Calif. Host:
Malacosoma americanum (F.), Malacosoma califomicum absimile (Dyar), M. c.
califomicum (Pack.), M. c. fragile (Str.), M. c. pluviale (Dyar), M. c. recenseo Dyar, M.
constrictum (Hy. Ed.), M. disstna Hbn., Euchaetias egle (Drury), Hyphantria cunea
(Drury), Anisota consularis Dyar, A. senatoria (J. E. S.), A. stigma (F.), A.virginiensis
pellucidaiJ. E. S.), A. v. virginiensis (Drury), Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (F.),
Datana integerrima G. and R., D. ministra (Drury), Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), Orgyia
definita (Pack.), 0. pseudotsugata (McD.), Automeris io (F.), Hemileuca maia (Drury).
Banchus fugitivus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 247. cJ, 9.
Limneria Guignardi Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 87. 6, 9.
Limneria oedemasiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 436. tJ, 9.
Limnerium Guignardii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 97. Emend.
Hyposoter fugitivus var. pacificus (jushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 119. 6, 9. N.
syn.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 159. —Viereck, 1925.
Canad. Ent. 57: 104. -Cushman, 1925. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 27: 164-166.
Phigalea titea (Cram.), brown looper with stripes, Malacosoma dissfria Hbn. I have
seen European specimens at the American Entomological Institute.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) fuscitarsis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 279. 9.
Dr. Henry K. Townes. I thank Dr. Townes for allowing me to publish the record.
Campoplex notatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 570. 6,9.
occidentali (Viereck). Southeastern Alta. Host: Oidaematophorus occidentalis Wlsm.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) occidentali Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 219. 9.
parorgyiae (Viereck). Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Dascychira sp. on fir, D.
obliquata (G. and R.), D. plagiata (Wlk.). Finlayson (1966) discussed the intriguing false
cocoon which is spun by this species, the true cocoon being situated inside the skin of
the host larva.
Limnerium (Hyposoter) parorgyiae Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 382. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 70, 72, 126, 137 (final-instar larva).
pectinatus (Thomson). Eastern Greenland; Europe. Host: Gynaephora groenlandica (Hom.).
Anilasta pectinata Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1171. 9.
Limneria Deichmanni Nielsen, 1907. Meddel. om Gronland 29: 386. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 287.
Biology: Johansen, 1910. Meddel om Gronland 43: 44, 46. —Nielsen, 1910. Meddel. om
Gronland 43: 56.
popofensis (Ashmead). Que. w. to interior and s.w. Alaska, s. to Md., N. Mex., and n. Calif.;
Europe. The European record is based upon my identification of a single male from the
Netherlands in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.
Ameloctnus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 237. 9.
Campoplex (Diadegma) nificruris Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58
(11): 280. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 679
rivalis (Cresson), n.comb. N. S. w. to Man. and w. Wash., s. to s. Ala., central Tex., s. Ariz., and
s. Calif.; Mexico s. to Costa Rica. Host: Apantesis sp., Diacrisia virginica (F.).,
select lectotypes for species having syntypes in the Academy of Natural Sciences, but
Cushman (1925) regarded Cresson's statement about the type of rivalis as "not to be
taken as type selection, for he is here merely quoting from Crawford and Rohwer's
statement regarding the condition of the Cresson types in the National Museum."
Cushman found that both syntypes lacked abdomens, but because the female symbol on
Cresson's identification label appears to have been put there by Cresson, Cushman had
no doubt about which of the two specimens Cresson had referred to as the male, and
there are no grounds for his contention that Cresson did not select a lectotype.
Therefore, Cushman's selection of Cresson's female as lectotype is invalid. The female is
a specimen of Hyposoter graliavii (Viereck), a species having the ovipositor much longer
than typical species of Hyposoter. I am undecided about the sex of the rivalis
lectotype, but Cresson's characterization of the abdomen (apparently of both sexes) as
"subcompressed at tip" and his color description of the abdomen of the "male" would
appear to indicate that the lectotype is a female.
Limneria pilosula Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 89. S, 9.
N. syn.
Limneria epiiestiae Riley, 1890. hi Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158.
Nomen nudum.
Limneria ephestriae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 195. 6,9. The type
specimens bear labels with Riley's number 239x; the only notes pertaining to number
239x read: "Campoplex sp. parasitic on something feeding on wax
...
—
perhaps
Ephestia zeae." The discrepancies in the dates cited by Ashmead and by Riley and
Howard (1890), would appear to indicate that Riley got his notes mixed up. N. syn.
Amorphota perrivalis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 307. 6, 9. N. syn.
Campoplex (Hypothereides) clams Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 224. 9. N. syn.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) cuneae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 257. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 1-2, 51. —Cushman, 1925. Ent. Soc.
were reared from larvae of what is now called Synclilora aerta which had been sent by
T. A. E. Holcomb of South Pass, 111. I have not been able to determine that there is or
ever was a South Pass in 111., and the matter merits further research because the
syntypes of rufa were reared together with those of Aplodes rubivora Riley, presently
a synonym of Synclilora aerta.
Ischnoscopiis synchlorae Ashmead, 1898. hi Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 4: 168. 6.
Limnerium Sanitheinii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 104. N. name for L. rufa
Ashmead. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 672.
xanthoccrus (Viereck). N. H. s. to Va., w. to Mich.
Ameloctonus xanthocerus Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 70. 9.
fuscipennis (Provancher). Southwestern Alta.?, w. Nev., n.e. and s. Calif. Host: Euphydryas
chalcedona (D. and H.).
Charops fuscipennis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 365. 9.
euphydryadis (Viereck). Que., Mass. Host: Euphydryas phaeton (Drury), Melitaea harrisii
Scud.
Zachrestoides euphydryadis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (1): 3. 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 82, 83, 134, 137 (final-instar larva).
Linineria Belfragei Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 435. S.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 681
Revision: Gupta and Gupta, 1971. Oriental Insects 5: 153-164 (Indian spp.).
orbitalis (Walley). Southern Mich., n.e. Kans., s. Sask., Alta.
Trans. 30: 387.
Nepiera albomaculata Ashmead, 1922. In Crevecoer, Kans. Acad. Sci.,
Nomen nudum.
Campoctonus orbitalis Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 160. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 190 (generic placement).
This is a genus of small to moderate size which is not known with certainty to occur outside of
the New World. The occurrence of M. taitica (Holmgren) in Tahiti has apparently not been con-
firmed by the collection of additional specimens, and it may be that the holotype is mislabeled.
bimaculata (Ashmead). Mo., Tex.; West Indies and Mexico s. to Argentina. Host: Alaba7na
argillacea (Hbn.), Plathypena scabra (P.).
Charops bintaculata Ashmead, 1895. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 65: 778. 9.
Charops unicinctus Ashmead, 1900. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 48: 272. 9.
Paracharops annulatus Blanchard, 1940. In Kreibohm de la Vega, Tucuman Estac. Expt.
Agr., Rev. Indus, y Agr. 3: 170. Nomen nudum (fig. only).
Paracharops annulatus Blanchard, 1942. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 134: 107. "3" = 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 155 (syn.).
tibialis (Cresson). Conn., Va., Ga., s. Mich., 111., n.e. Kans., Tex.; Mexico, Cuba, Costa Rica,
Brazil. Host: Synnnerista albifro7is (J. E. S.), S. canicosta Francl., Asterocarnpa celtis
(B. and L.), A. clyton (B. and L.).
Charops tibialis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 173. 6.
Li7mieriai insolens Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 386. i, 9.
Life 3: 155.
Charops apaturae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect
Nomen nudum.
Charops apaturae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 193. 6.
A7igitia (hiareolata) brasiliensis Lima, 1935. Campo (for June, 1935), p. 20. 6, 9.
Preocc. in Microcharops by Szepligeti, 1906.
682 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily CREMASTINAE
Members of this subfamily are internal parasites of Lepidoptera and, to a lesser extent,
Coleoptera which are concealed while feeding (i.e. leaf rollers, borers, etc.). Dr. Clement
Dasch is
preparing a revision of the Nearctic species.
euryptychiac Ashmead. N. Y. s. to Alab., w. to Wis., Kans., and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana
(Froel), Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zeller, Epiblema otiosanum (Clem.), E. strenuanum
(Wlk.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Kft.), Laspeyresia
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 683
Biology: Pepper and Driggers, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 596.
—
Haden, 1935. Del. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 194: 12-41. —Rice, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 112. —Allen, HoUoway, and
Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 561: 12, 58.
Pristoynerus acimlatus Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt.
27, Sup., p. 584. Nomen nudum.
Pristoynerus olamoyius Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui.
22:274. 9.
Pristomerus (Pristoynerus) fuscipeymis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 275. 6,
9.
spinator (Fabricius). Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Alta. and Calif.; Mexico, Virgin Islands, Honduras,
Guyana?, Brazil; Hawaii. Host: Acrobasis caryivorella Rag., A. vacciyiii Riley, Canarsia
sp., Elasmopalpus ligyiosellus (Zell.), Loxostege
sticticalis (L.), Heliothis viresceyis (F.),
H. zea (Bod.), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. S.), S. praefica (Grt.), Trichoplusia yii (Hbn.),
Phthorimaea operculella (Zell), Colias eurytheyne Bdv.
Ophion spma<or Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 138. 9. Temporarily preocc. in
Ichneumon by Fabricius, 1798.
Ichneumon feyn orator Thunherg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 158 (Syn.).
Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 65. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 39.
—
Leuck, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 800.
nigrolineatum (Brulle). Fla.; Mexico, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Paraguay.
Collyria yiigro-lineata Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 178. 9 .
Eiphosoma mexicana Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 380. 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 163 (syn.).
pyralidisAshmead. N. Y. s. to N. C, w. to Kans. Host: Pyralid on Soligdago.
Eipkosoma pyralidis Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
Casinaria subg. Pseuderiptemus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 269.
Type-species: Podogaster radiolatus Provancher. Monotypic
This genus may occur in both South and North America; a USNM
specimen of a large un-
described species was caught by the U. S. Public Health Service aboard an airplane which had
arrived at Miami, Fla. from Buenos Aires, Argentina via Lima, Peru and Guayaquil, Ecuador.
The species are collected among coarse grasses along lake shores or in salt marshes.
Schoenobiine pyralids may be the usual hosts.
Revision: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 505-508.
brevicauda Cushman. N. H., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Ohio. Host: Sckoenobius melinellus (Clem.).
Pseuderiptemus brevicauda Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 506. 6, 9.
elongatus (Davis). Mass., N. J., Ga. Ecology: Occurs in salt marshes on Spartina.
(!) elongatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 362. 9.
Ateleuti
Pseuderiptemus gracilipes Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 507. 6, 9.
According to Townes (1971) this is a large Holarctic genus for which the usual hosts are
coleopterous stem borers or gall makers, although there are also rearings recorded from lepidop-
terous larvae.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 65. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 16.
Biology:Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Tech. Pub. 17: 182.
egregiacolor (Viereck). Kans., Colo., N. Mex.
Thersilochus egregiacolor Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 302. 9.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) terebratus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 539. 9.
fuscipennis (Cresson). Kans., Tex., Colo.
Porizon fuscipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 287. 9.
Porizon audax Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 174. S.
gallaecola Cushman. Ont., Va., Tex. Host: Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Riley).
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) gallaecola Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 546. 6, 9.
hyalinipennis (Cresson). N. J. s. to Fla., w. to S. Dak. and Tex.
Porizon hyalinipennis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 174. 6, 9.
incompletus (Provancher). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Man.
Mesoleptus incompletus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (9): 270. <J, 9.
Atractodes fusiformis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (11): 332. 9.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D. (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 149, 250.
686 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
quintilis (Viereck). Kans. Walkley (1967) apparently saw no specimens of this species before
deciding to place it with a query in Cremastiis rather than Trathala; it may prove to
belong in the latter genus.
Thersilochus mimeticus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 300. 9.
Thersilochus quintilis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 301. 6.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 207.
snowi (Viereck). Kans. Walkley (1967) apparently saw no specimens of this species before
deciding to place it with a query in Cremastus rather than Trathala; it may prove to
belong in the latter genus.
Thersilochus snowi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 299. 9.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 207.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 66. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 17-18.
Biology: Bradley and Burgess, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 441: 1-15.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-247.
granulata (Davis). Mich.
Cremastus granulatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 365. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 284 (lectotype selection).
hartii (Ashmead). N. J., D. C.?, Ky.?, 111.
Cremastus hartii Ashmead, 1895. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 4: 277. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Hart, 1895. State Lab. Nat. Hist.. Bui. 4: 271 (collecting locality and date).
111.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 284. (discussion of syntypes).
obesa (Cushman). Md.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) obesus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 285. 9.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 537 (discussion of the broken specimen
presumed to be the holotype and its comparison with specimens which apparently were
not reared from Rhyacionia rigidana).
rosae (Cushman). N. J., Va.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) rosae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 536. 9.
688 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
rostrata (Cushman). Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Md. Ecology: Occurs on flowers of Solidago.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) rostrahis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 532. 9.
similis (Cushman). R. I., Conn., N. J., Pa.,
N. C, Idaho.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) similis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 535. 9.
5.
attenuatus (Cushman). S. C, Tex. Townes (1971) said that JV. attenuatus may be only
Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 66. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 18.
Revision: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 509-532 (as Cremastus, subg. Crematus).
bruneiceps (Cushman). D. C.
Cremastus (Cremastus) bruneiceps Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 283. 9.
carpocapsae (Cushman). Ohio. Host: Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).
Cremastus carpocapsae Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76: 11. 6, 9.
chilonis (Cushman). Mich., Sask., Alta. Host: Stenochilo forbeseUus (Fern.).
Cremastus chilonis Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 562. i, 9.
Biology: Frohne, 1939. Amer. Micros. Soc, Trans. 58: 233, 325, 347.
cookii (Weed). N. Y. w. to Idaho, s. to Va., Kans. and Ariz. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel).
Cremastus cookii Weed, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 150. 6,9.
Cremastus cookii var. rufus Weed, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 151. 6.
Temelucha websteri Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27,
Sup., p. 584. Nomen nudum.
Biology: Fink, 1932. Jour. Agr. Res. 44: 555, 556.
— Haden, 1935. Univ. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 194: 29-42.-Summerland, 1938. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 40: 165.
epagoges (Cushman). N. J. s. to S. C, w. to Wis. and Kans. Host: Archips cerasivoranus
(Fitch), Sparganothis sulfureana (Clem.), Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.), Grapholitha
molesta (Bsk.), Lapeyresia pomonella (L.), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), R.frustrana
bushnelli (Bsk.), Mompha eloisella (Clem.), "Phalonia" oenotherana (Riley).
Cremastus (Cremastus) epagoges Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 531. 6, 9.
Biology: Isely and Ackerman, 1923. Ark., Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 189: 47. —Cushman,
1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 618. —Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 194: 22-41. —Rice,
1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 108-115.
evetriae (Cushman). N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.).
Cremastus (Cremastus) evetriae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 530. 9.
and Iowa, s. to Fla., Tex., and N. Mex. Host: Craynbus topiarius
facilis (Cresson). Mass., Ont.,
ZelL, Hellula undalis (F.), Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.), 0. penitalis (Grt.), Isophrictis
similiella (Chamb.).
Porizon facilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 175. 6,9.
Porizon macer Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 175. 6, 9.
Biology: Franklin, 1921. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 206: 159.
ferruginea (Davis). Mass., S. Dak., and Idaho, s. to Fla. and N. Mex. Host: Diatraea
crambidoides Grt.
Cremastus femigineus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 364. 6,9.
Atrometus angitiodes Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 311. 9.
Cremastus (Creinastus) graciliventris Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 522. 9.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein ef a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 61
(syn.).
gracilipes (Cushman). Ont., Pa., Tex. Host: Dkymolomia julianalis (Wlk.), Epiblema
strenuanum (Wlk.).
Cremastus (Cremastus) gracilipes Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 520. 9.
108. 6.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 208.
Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 390. -Thorpe, 1932. Parisitology 24: 109-110.
-Authur, Stainer, and Turnbull, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1030-1034.
longigenalis (Cushman). Que., Maine, N. H.
Temelucha scutellata Ashmead, 1900. In Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.
Cremastus {Cremastus) longigenalis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 516. 9.
minor (Cushman). Mass s. to La., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.), Scrobipalpula artemisiella
(Kft.), Celama sorghiella (Riley).
Cremastus (Cremastus) minor Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 521. <J, 9.
-Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 194: 14-41. —Rice, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent., 30: 112,
114. —Steenburgh and Boyce, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 69: 72.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-247, 249, 250.
platynotae (Cushman). Ariz., Calif. Host: Platynota stidtaiia Wlshm.
Cremastus (Cremastus) platynotae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 526. 6,9.
pterophori (Cushman). Wis. Host: Oidaematophorus lacteodactylus (Chamb.).
Cremastus pterophori Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 13. 6, 9.
recta (Provancher). N. B. s. to N. C, w. to Wis.
sinuata (Cushman). Tex., Calif. Host: Cactobrosis strigalis (B. and McD.), Rumatha
glaucatella (Hulst).
Cremastus {Cremastus) smuatus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 12. 6, 9.
Subfamily PHRUDINAE
This small subfamily includes ten genera, three of which are represented by Nearctic species.
The few species which have been reared are internal larval parasites of Coleoptera.
This is a small Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said he knew about 15 species, most of which
were undescribed.
exarealatus Cushman. N. Y.
Phrudus exarealatus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 19. 9.
fulvus Townes. Md., w. N. C, Mich. Ecology: The holotype and six paratypes were collected in
Md. in late April; they were swept from branches of Pinus virginiana bearing
staminate cones which had not yet shed their pollen.
Peucobius fulvus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 30. 6, 9.
piceus Townes. N. Mex., n. Utah, e. Calif. Ecology: Three paratypes from Utah were collected
on June 19 at an elevation of 8000 ft.; they were swept from branches of Pinus contorta
bearing staminate cones which had not shed their pollen. The significance of the latter
circumstance seems obscured by the fact that a paratype from Cloudcroft, N. Mex. was
collected on August 28, certainly well after the pines there had shed their pollen.
Peucobius piceus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 30. 6, 9.
Subfamily TERSILOCHINAE
This is a small subfamily including 15 described genera, ten of which are represented by
Nearctic species. Most of the species are apparently internal larval parasites of Coleoptera.
However, one Nearctic species of an undescribed genus has been reared from the eriocraniid
microlepidopteran Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlshm.), and at least several species of the
genus Allophroides have been reared from sawflies of the genus Xyela. Perhaps the systematic
position of the hosts is not so important as the fact that all or most of them construct pupal cells,
cases, or cocoons in the soil.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 33-49 (genera of world).
Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 81-97 (European
spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 704. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
434.
exhaustator (Fabricius). Maine, N. H., Ont.; Europe.
Ichneumon exhaustator Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 226. Sex not indicated.
Porizon hostilis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 753. 6,9.
Porizon gravipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 757. 9.
Thersilochus errabundus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 92.
9 N. syn.
.
Leptopygus monticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
simplicicornis (Viereck). Colo., Mont., Wash., Oreg. Host: Pissodes sp.
Zastemaulax simplicicornis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 647. 6.
Tersilochus subg. Pectinolochus Aubert, 1960. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 16: 65.
Type-species: Tersilochus {Pectinolochus) ungxiiculaior Aubert. Monotypic.
Polemolochus Aubert, 1964. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 20: 39.
Type-species: Thersilochus ensifer Brischke. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said he had seen 14 species, most of which were un-
described, but he did not indicate how many of these are Nearctic. Horstmann (1971) treated
four European species.
329.
Type-species: Porizon jocator Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
Gravenhorst's misidentification of Ichiieumon jocator Fabricius. The correct
name for jocator in the sense of Gravenhorst is T. cognatus Holmgren.
Thersilochus(l) Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2: 135.
Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 67-77 (European
spp.).
According to Townes (1971) this is a large genus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribu-
tion. Horstmann (1971) treated seven European species. Two European species which are
parasites of Oulema melanopus (L.) have been released in North America; one of these, D.
carinifer (Thomson), has not become established; the other, a new species soon to be described
by Dr. Klaus Horstmann, is established or at least has been recovered in w. N. Y., Pa., w. W. Va.,
Ohio, s. Mich., and n. Ind. according to unpublished information supplied by T. L. Burger.
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 417, 431. —Horstmann, 1969
(1968). Opusc. Zool. 102: 2. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 47-48.
americana (Brues). Mass., R. I., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Colo.?, N. Mex.? Ecology: Occurs in late
summer and fall on flowers of Solidago.
Heterocola americana Brues, 1916. Ent. News 27: 331. 9.
baldufi (Walkley). Mass. w. to s. Sask., s. to central 111., n.e. Kans., and s.w. Wyo. Host:
Rhynchites bicolor (F.).
Luchatema baldufi Walkley, 1956. Ent. News 67: 154. 6, 9.
carinifer (Thomson). Europe. Introduced in Michigan in 1967 and a number of times since,
without becoming established. Stehr and Haynes (1972) reported the species as
established, but the record of establishment applies not to carinifer but to Diasparsis n.
sp. (see above introductory paragraph on Diaparsis).
Thersilochus carinifer Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1392. 9. Bibliographic information
published by Laboulbene (1889) indicates that fascicle 13 of Opusc. Ent. was published
prior to June 12, 1889.
696 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Thersilochus carinatus Bridgman, 1889. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 37: 430. 9. Information
published by Wheeler (1912) shows that Bridgman's paper was published on Oct. 28,
1889.
Thersilochus venialis Szepligeti, 1899. Termes. Fuzetek 22: 228. 9.
Taxonomy: Laboulbene, 1889. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 9: cxxiv in Bui. —Wheeler, 1912
(1911). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 59: 759. —
Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen,
Veroeffentl. 15: 103.
Biology: Stehr and Haynes, 1972. Jour. Econ. Ent. 65: 405-407. Dysart, Maltby, and
—
Brunson, 1973. Entomophaga 18: 139-142. —Montgomery and Dewitt, 1975. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 68: 574-578 (egg and larval instars).
Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl 15: 59-63 (European
spp.).
According to Townes and Townes (1951), the three native species which here remain unplaced
have elongate thyridea. Some of these may prove to belong in Probles. The introduced species
which I have added to the unplaced category also have elongate thyridea, but do not seem
referable to Probles because of the shortness of their ovipositors (as long as apical depth of ab-
domen) combined with the shortness of the "foveate groove" on the mesopleurum.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
394.
Anexiclisil) erythrostomus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 131. 9. Western Nev. If the
species belongs in Probles it would be preocc. by erythrostomus (Gravenhorst), 1829.
Biology: Parker, Berry, and Silveria, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1016: 1-14, 26-28.
—Wilson and Wearne, 1962. Austral. Jour. Agr. Res. 13: 253.
Morphology: Short, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 496 (final-instar larva).
Porizon parkeri Blanchard, 1945. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Rev. 12: 305. 9 Argentina, Uruguay. .
Biology: Parker, Berry, and Silveria, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1016: 1-14, 26-28.
—Wilson and Wearne, 1962. Austral. Jour. Agr. Res. 13: 253. —Clancy, 1969. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 62: 743-745.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 697
Thersilockus montanus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 23. 6. Western Colo. I have
studied the holotype and suppose it may belong in the genus Probles as defined by
Townes (1971); because placement of the species in Probles would preoccupy Probles
(Euporizon) monta7ius Horstmann (1971), I leave it unplaced pending both identification
of the female and a more precise redefinition of Probles.
Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 91. —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 37-38.
Thersilockus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 43. Emend, of pallipes
Provancher and syn. of provancheri Ashmead (which see).
Thersilockus pallipes Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 367. 9. Que. Preocc. by Holmgren,
1860; replaced by provancheri Ashmead (which see).
Subfamily OPHIONINAE
Townes (1971) divided the subfamily into two tribes, the Ophionini and the Enicospilini.
Ophioninae are internal parasites, and the usual hosts are larvae of Lepidoptera. Ophion
nigrovarius (Provancher), however, is a larval parasite of Phyllophaga (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae).
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc 96: 417-482 (genera of world). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 49-82 (genera of world).
Tribe OPHIONINI
Fourteen genera are currently recognized, and seven of these are represented by Nearctic
species.
bilineatus Say. Ind. The type locality would presumably have been southwestern Ind. The
original description gives the length of bilineatus as "seven-twentieths of an inch," but
because the additional remarks of Say (1836) seem to confirm placement of this species
in Ophion, that measurement was presumably an error for seven-tenths of an inch.
Opliion bilineatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 75. Sex not
indicated. No type specimen is known to remain in existence.
Taxonomy: Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239, 240. — Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 402.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 168-169 (syn.).
Morphology: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc, v. 96, pi. 52, fig. 43 (metathorax and
propodeum).
idoneus Viereck. Mass. w. to s. Man., s. to n. Va., Tenn., and n.e. Kans. Host: Sunira bicolorago
(Gn.).
Ophion idoneum Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 312. i.
Morphology: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc, v. 96, pi. 49, fig. 3 (final-instar larva).
tityri Packard. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Mich. Host: E pargyreus clarus (Cram.).
Ophion tityri Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 19. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 699
Trophophion tenuiceps Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 449. <J, 9.
This is a small Holarctic genus. According to Townes (1971) there are two undescribed species
in the central United States.
Tribe ENICOSPILINI
Only four of the 20 genera currently recognized genera have Nearctic species, the species of
Enicospilini beingmost numerous in the tropics.
700 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Howard, 1902. The Insect Book, pi. 10, fig. 15.
atricolor flavicornis (Say). Kans., Colo., N. Mex.,s.e. Idaho, Utah, Ariz.
Anomalon flavicomis Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. Sex not indicated.
Thyreodon snowi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 313. 9.
Thyreodon morio transitionalis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 225. 9.
fernaldi Hooker. Colo., Ariz.; n. Mexico.
Thyreodon femaldi Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 131. 6,9.
ornatipennis Cresson. N. Mex.; n. Mexico.
Thyreodon ornatipennis Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 376. 9.
A single species is known to the author. Cushman said he had seen four undescribed species,
and it is likely that at least some of them were only color variants of excarinatns. It is
ap-
parently not known if the Palearctic species S. calvus Viktorov and S. victorovi Malyavin really
belong in Simophion.
excarinatus Cushman. Southwestern Tex., s. N. Mex., s. Ariz., s.e. Calif.
Simophion excarinatus Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 447. 9.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 701
Enicospilus Stephens, 1829. System. Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 352. Nomen nudum.
Enicospilus Stephens, 1835. lUus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 126.
Type-species: Enicospilus merdarius Stephens. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Stephens, 1845. E. merdarius Stephens is preocc. in Enicospilus by
merdarius (Gravenhorst); merdarius Stephens is a synonym of Enicospilus
ramidulus (Linnaeus) (n. syn.). The details of the excellent discussion by Hooker
(1912) appear to be correct except that Stephens (1845) did not cite any author
for the name Enicospilus merdarius, and Stephens (1846) indicated that the
figure to which the combination Enicospilus rnerdarius referred was E.
combustus (Gravenhorst), presently a synonym of E. ramidulus (Linnaeus), and
he distinguished E. combustus from E. merdarius (Gravenhorst).
Henicospilus Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. Zool., Index Univ., p. 138. Emend.
Allocamptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 150.
Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1888.
Ophion subg. Dispilus Kriechbaumer, 1894. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 39: 309.
Type-species: Ophion (Dispilus) nataleiisis Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Pleuroneurophion Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 86.
Type-species: Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Cymatoneura Kriechbaumer, 1901 (Jan.). Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (1): 22.
Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from four
species included by Kriechbaumer, 1901 (Mar.).
Pterospilus Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (3): 156. Preocc. by
Rondani, 1856.
Type-species: Ophion {Enicospilus) dubius Tosquinet. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Trispilus Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (3): 156.
Type-species: Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus Tosquinet. Monotypic.
Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 50: 141.
Type-species: Abanchogastra debilus Perkins. Monotypic.
Metophion Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 28.
Type-species: Metophion bicolor Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ceratospilus Szepligeti, 1905. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 28.
Type-species: Ceratospilus biroi Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Atoponeura Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 34.
Type-species: Atoponeura concolor Szepligeti. Monotypic. The type-species is a
synonym of E. atoponeurus Cushman.
Ophiomorpha Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 34. Preocc. by Nilsson,
1836.
Type-species: Ophion curvinervis Cameron. Desig. by Hooker, 1912. The
type-species is a synonym of E. cameronii (Dalla Torre).
Cryptocamptus Brethes, 1909. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 19: 230. This
name was proposed as a "new name" for Allocamptus "Thomson," which, according to
present rules of nomenclature, Brethes incorrectly regarded as being a misidentification
of Allocamptus Foerster.
Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
A7nesospilus Enderlein, 1914. In Michaelson, Beitr. z. Kenntnis d. Land-u.
Suesswasserfauna Deut.-Suedwestafrikas, v. 1, p. 222.
Type-species: Ophion unicallosus Snellen van Vollenhoven. Orig. desig.
Ereinoty hides Perkins, 1915. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 62: 530.
Type-species: Eremotylus orbitalis Ashmead. Monotypic.
Schizospilus Seyrig, 1935 (1936). Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 79.
Type-species: Schizospilus divisus Seyrig. Orig. desig.
Townes (1971) stated that Enicospilus is probably the largest genus of Ichneumonidae and
estimated the number of species to be well over a thousand. Species occur throughout the world
but are most numerous in tropical regions.
Revision: Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 52, 92, 135-158.
702 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Stephens, 1845. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, list of plates (follows p. 310). —Stephens,
1846. Illus. Brit. Ent., Sup., p. 3. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 78-79.
americanus (Christ). N. S. w. to Minn., s. to Fla., s. Tex., and mid-coastal Calif.; Mexico, Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Brazil?, Argentina. Host: Actias luna (L.), Antheraea polyphevuis
(Cram.), Automeris io (F.), Callosamia promethea (Drury), Hyalophora cecropia (L.), H.
Columbia (Sm.), H. euryalus (Bdv.), Rothschildia Orizaba (West.), Samia cynthia
(Drury). Before World War II, the name macnirus (Linnaeus) was erroneously applied
to this species, usually in combination with the generic names Eremotylus or Ophion.
Ichneumon luteus americanus Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 358, pi.
37, fig. 5. 9.
Ophion rugosus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 138. Sex not
indicated.
Ophion cecropiae Scudder, 1963. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 188-189. Nomen nudum.
Ophion cecropiae Sanborn, 1863. Sec. Mass. Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 10: 169. Sex not indicated.
Ophion mexicanus Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 374. 9.
Eremotylus Druryi Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1: 152. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111 (syn.).
Biology: Riley, 1870. Amer. Ent. 2: 100-101. —Riley, 1872. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 4:
107-108. -Smith, 1908. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1: 294-297.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 103 (syn.).
merdarius (Gravenhorst). Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to Fla., s. Tex., and s. Calif.; West Indies,
Mexico, Nicaragua; South America; Asia; Europe. Host: Alabama argillacea (Hbn.),
Ceramica picta (Harris), Leucania latiuscula H.-S., L. viidtUinea Wlk., Feltia
subterranea (F.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia imipiuicta (Haw.), Scoliopteryx
libatrix (L.), Scotogramyna trifolii (Rott.), Spodoptera fnigiperda (J. E. S.), S.
oniithogalli (Gn.), Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), S.
unicornis (J. E. S.), Drepana bilineata (Pack.).
Ophion merdarius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 698. 6, 9.
Ophion purgatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239. 6, 9.
Ophion lateralis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 141. [female].
Ophion flaviceps Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 142. [female].
Ophion volubilis Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2, sec. 1, p. 410. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 181-182 (syn.).
texanus (Ashmead). N. Y., s.w. Va., Ohio, Tex., s.e. Wash., n.e. Calif.
Thyreodon texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 422. 6.
Subfamily MESOCHORINAE
It is certain that most of the members of
this subfamily are hyperparasitic, and I speculate
that those Mesochorinae which may eventually be proven not to be hyperparasitic will be shown
to be cleptoparasitic. Some
species of Mesochorinae parasitize other Ichneumonidae, but a
greater number parasitize Braconidae. At least four Nearctic species of Mesochorus have been
reared from Tachinidae. The hosts of Mesochorinae are internal parasites of various insects,
most of the latter being phytophagous. Mesochorinae have been reared from parasites of
Lepidoptera, Symphyta, Coleoptera, Miridae, and, according to Dr. C. C. Loan (personal commu-
nication, 1975), even Psocoptera. Mesochorines insert the ovipositor into the secondary host and
in turn locate the early-instar larva or even the egg of a primary parasite and oviposit inside the
latter.
Dasch (1971) said that "considerable evidence seems to indicate that many species [of
Mesochorinae] are primary parasites of lepidopterous and coleopterous larvae," but this state-
ment appears to be inaccurate. For Mesochorinae to be primary parasites of these hosts, they
would have to spin their own cocoons or emerge from lepidopterous pupae. I do not know of any
case in which a mesochorine specimen is mounted with a lepidopterous pupa from which it
emerged or is otherwise known with certainty to have emerged from a lepidopterous pupa. In
substantiated cases of emergence from lepidopterous pupae, proof of primary parasitism could
be made only through dissection of the host remains, because mesochorines may be able to
parasitize primary parasites which oviposit into lepidopterous larvae and emerge from the
pupae (such as Anomaloninae [Dasch (1971) cited a pubHshed record of a Trichionotus sp. as a
host], Metopiinae Ichneumoninae, certain Campopleginae, or meteorideine Braconidae). In any
case, the majority of mesochorine specimens labeled as being reared from Coleoptera or
Lepidoptera have emerged from cocoons, and when these specimens are mounted together with
the cocoons from which they have emerged, the cocoons prove to be those of Braconidae or
other Ichneumonidae. The only possible exception that I am aware of is Plectochorus iivatensis
(Uchida), a Eurasian species which apparently spins a cocoon of its own and thus appears to be a
primary parasite of Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.) (cf. Haeussler, 1940). It is remotely possible that
some of the species of Mesochorinae which have been reared from cocoons of sawflies could be
primary parasites, but this could not be established without dissecting the contents of the
cocoons and determining that they do not include the larval remains of an additional ichneu-
monid or an ichneutine braconid.
Revision: Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 1-376 (Nearctic spp.). — Dasch, 1974. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 22: 1-509 (Neotropic spp.).
Biology: Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 24-25 (Plectochorus iwatensis
[Uchida]).
Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 414.
australis Cushman. Que., Ont., n. Minn., and B. C, s. to Va., Ala., Idaho, and Wash.
Cidaphus australis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 6. $.
Cidaphus melleus Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 112. 6, 9.
occidentalis Cushman. Newfoundland (Labrador and insular) w. to Alaska, s. to N. H., Ohio,
Colo., Ariz., and Wash.
Cidaphus occidentalis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 5. 9.
paniscoides (Ashmead). Maine, Ont., and Mich., s. to n.w. S. C, w. Ky., and N. Mex. Ecology:
Can be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy.).
PlesiophthaliHus paniscoides Ashmead, 1892. Ent. News 3: 107. 6.
sinuosus Dasch. Ariz.; Mexico.
Cidaphus sinuosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 13. S, 9.
Revision: Nakanishi, 1969. Sieboldia 4: 50-74 (Japanese spp., except those without smooth
scutellum).
alsium Dasch. Alta., interior Alaska, n. B. C, w. Wash.
Astiphromma alsium Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 35. i, 9.
aquilonare Dasch. Northern Que. and N. W. T., s. to s. Que., Alta., and B. C. Ecology: Can be
presumed to have been reared from parasites of Pikonema alaskeusis (Roh.) and P.
diynmockii (Cr.).
Astiphromma aquilonare Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 44. 6, 9.
exitiale Dasch. Newfoundland (insular), n. Que., w. N. W. T., and interior Alaska, s. to Md., w.
N. C, Colo., and Idaho.
Astiphromma exitiale Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 33. 6, 9.
gilvicrus Dasch. N. Y., Mich., s.e. Minn.
Astiphromma gilvicrus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 21. S, 9.
leucogrammum (Holmgren). Northern Que. w. to n. Alaska, s. to s. Que., Man., Colo., and w.
Wash.; n. Eurasia. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of
the following Tenthredinidae-- Hem im ich roa crocea (Geoff.)., Pikonema alaskensis
(Roh.), and Nematus sp. Host: Lamachus angularius (Davis).
Mesochonis leucogrammus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2
(8): 121. 9.
luculentum Dasch. Colo., B. C, e. Wash. Ecology: One paratype can be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of a tenthredinid, and two others were collected at elevations of
9800 ft. and 10300 ft. on Mt. Evans in Colo.
Astiphromma luculentum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 40. 6, 9.
nitidum Dasch. Western Alta. Ecology: The unique holotype can be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of the geometrid, Lycia ursaria Wlk.
Astiphronnna nitidum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 39. 6.
pectorale Ashmead. Que. s. to Tenn., w. to Wis., e. Kans., and Tex. Ecology: Can be presumed
to have been reared from parasites of the geometrids, Alsophila pometaria (Harris) and
Erannis tiliaria (Harris).
Astiphromma pectoralis Ashmead, 1892. Ent. News 3: 107. 6.
perditum Dasch. Que. w. to s. Man., s. to n.w. S. C. and s. 111.
Astiphromma perditum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 41. 6, 9.
psychron Dasch. Northern Que.
Astiphromma psychron Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 46. 9.
rutilum Dasch. N. Y., w. N. C, n.w. S. C, Ohio, s.e. Mich., e. Kans., Tex.
Astiphromma rutilum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 22. 6, 9.
simile Dasch. Conn., N. J., n.w. S. C, Ohio, Mich., Ky.
Astiphromma simile Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 37. 6, 9.
splenium (Curtis). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Md., w. N. C, Colo., and n. Calif.; Eurasia. Ecology:
Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following- Caripeta
divisata Wlk., Cladara limitaria (Wlk.), C. nigroangulata (Stkr.), Dysstroma citrata
(L.), Eupithecia placidata Taylor, E. unicolor Hulst, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria
(Gn.), L.f. lugubrosa (Hulst), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.),
Dasychira grisefacta (Dyar)?, Leucoma salicis (L.), Malacosoma disstria (Hbn.),
Enargia decolor (Wlk.), and a tenthredinid. Host: Meteonis hyphantriae Riley?,
Zemiotes reticulatus (Mues.), Phobocampe geometrae (Ash.).
Mesochonis sericans Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent., v. 10, pi. 424. "6" = 9. Described from
Ireland (presumably Belfast). Examination of material which the U. S. Natl. Museum
aquired from A. W. Stelfox leads me to believe that sericans, as illustrated by Curtis, is
quite probably an abnormally melanic specimen of splenium. N. syn. (uncertain).
Mesochonis Splenium Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent., v. 10, pi. 424. 6. Dr. H. K. Townes informed
me (personal commun., 1977) that he saw notes which Dr. J. F. Perkins made in
studying what is now the lectotype (see Fitton, 1976) which indicated that M. strenuus
Holmgren is a synonym of splenium, and Dr. Townes suggested that I consult the
original description of splenium to see if it agreed with what Dr. Perkins had concluded.
Having done so, I see no reason to doubt that Dr. Perkins was correct.
706 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Mesochorus strenuus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.). 2 (8):
119. cJ, 9.N. syn.
Plectiscus pleuralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 330. "9" = <?. N. syn.
Plectiscus provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 24. Unnecessary n. name for
P. pleuralis Provancher; preocc. secondarily only by virtue of a bibliographic error
which led Dalla Torre to erroneously place Tryplion pleuralis Cresson, 1864, in
Plectiscus. N. syn.
Mesochorus orcae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 239. S. N. syn.
Astiphromma kiotense Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 8: 57. 3, 9. N. syn.
Astiphromma sachalinense Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 8: 57. 9. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 96. — Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 341-Fitton, 1976.
(syn.). Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 323
(lectotypes selected for Curtis names).
Mesochonis aprilinus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
156. Nomen nudum.
Mesochonis aprilinus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 195. 9. The syntype
referred to as the "type" by Dasch (1971) is apparently from D. C, not from "Lafayette,
Indiana" as Dasch stated.
Mesochonis frontalis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). hi Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. N.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 336. S. The type locality is Ostrov Bering (i.e. Bering Isl.), U. S. S. R.
asperifrons Dasch. Western N. C, n.w. S. C, Ohio, s. Mich., Ky., s. Ala., 111., e. Kans., Ariz.
Mesochonis asperifrons Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 268. 6,9.
balteatus Dasch. Que., N. H., N. Y., N. J., Md., w. N. C, Ont., Ohio, Ala.
Mesochorus balteatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 162. S, 9.
bellus Dasch. Minn., s. Man.
Mesochonis bellus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 208. 9.
bucculentus Dasch. Northern Mich., B. C, Wash., n.e. Calif.
Mesochorus bucculentus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 223. 6,9.
Calais Viereck. N. H., Ont., Sask., and Alta., s. to Va., Ohio, and Mich.
Mesochorus Calais Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
280. 9.
carolinensis Dasch. Western N. C, n.w. S. C, n. Fla., s. Ont., s. Mich., e. Tenn.
Mesochonis carolinensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 133. 9.
coronatus Dasch. Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to N. J., s.e. Iowa, S. Dak., Colo., and n.e.
Calif.
Mesochonis coronatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem.
6,9. 16: 230.
dentatus Dasch. N. Y., Ky., Minn., Colo., Alta., s.e. B. C, n. Idaho. Ecology: Presumed to have .
erythraeus Dasch. Alta., s.e. B. C. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from
parasites of the following-- Eupithecia placidata Tay.,
Neoalcis califoniiaria f.
latifaciaria(Pack.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct., and Anomogyna sp. Host: Hyposoter
sp.
Mesochorus erythraeus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 191. S, 9.
exsertus Dasch. N. S. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to Md., n.w. S. C, e. S. Dak., Colo., Ariz., and
Oreg. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the
following- Seniiotliisa "granitata" auct., Neodiprion sp., Cimbex americajia Leach, and
Trichiosoma triangulin)i Kby. Host: Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst).
Mesochorus exsertus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 156. 6, 9.
flavidus Dasch. Pa., w. N. C, Ohio, Tenn., e. Kans.
Mesochorus flavidus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 123. 6, 9.
foersteri Dasch. N. S., n. Man. and s.w. Yukon, s. to Pa., Mich., Colo., w. Mont., and s. B. C.
Mesochorus foersteri Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 107. 9.
fuliginatus Dasch. Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. B. C, s. to Maine, Mich., N. Mex., Utah,
and n.e. Cahf. Ecology: One specimen can be presumed to have been reared from a
118. 6.
Mesochorus crassiynanus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2
(8): 125. 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Ent Tidskr. 33: 67 (syn.). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1:
258 (syn.).
inaequidens Dasch. N. S., Que., Mass., Ont., w. Wyo., Colo., Alta., w. Nev., s. B. C, Wasli., and
n. Calif.
Mesochonis inaequidens Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 116. 6, 9.
incultus Dasch. N. B. w. to B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, s. Ariz., and n. Calif. Ecology: Paratypes
should be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following- Geometridae
(Caripeta sp. C. divisata Wlk., Eraimis tiliaria [Harris], Lambdina fiscellaria
lugubrosa [Hulst], Melanolophia imitata [Wlk.], Nepytia canosaria [Wlk.], Pew
behrensarius [Pack.]?, Semiothisa sp.,S. sexmaculata [Pack.], Synaxis pa//M/a<a [Hulst]),
Arctiidae {Halisidota sp.), Noctuidae (Feralia coinstocki [Grt.], F.jocosa [Gn.],
Liihophane petulca Grt., Zale sp., Z. duplicata [Beth.], Z. minerea norda [Smith]),
Gracilariidae (Marmara arbidiella Bsk.), and Tenthredinoidea ("green bracken sawfly").
Host: Microplitus sp. ex Melanolophia iniitata (Wlk.).
Mesochonis incultus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 101. d, 9.
maleficus Dasch. N. Y., Ont., n. Mich., Colo., Alta. Ecology: One of the paratypes can be
presumed to have been reared form a parasite of a tenthredinid.
Mesochonis maleficus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 149. 9.
marylandicus Dasch. Md., n. Va., n. Ala.
Mesochorus marylandicus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 89. 6, 9.
masoni Dasch. Newfoundland (insular), w. to s. coastal Alaska, s. to Maine, Ont., n. Minn.,
Colo., and Oreg. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of
the following-- Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), P. divimockii (Cr.), Neodiprion sp., N.
abietis (Harris), N. pratti banksianae Roh., A'^. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. tsugae Midd., N.
virginiana Roh. Host: Lamachus angularius (Davis).
Mesochonis7naso7ii Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent Inst, Mem. 16: 120. 6, 9.
melleus Cresson. R. I., N. Y., Pa., n.w. S. C, Ohio.
Mesochorus melleus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 24. 6.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 711
moabae Dasch. Southeastern Utah. Ecology: The only two specimens known were collected at
an elevation of 9200 ft.
Mesochoms moabae Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 147. 9.
naknekensis Dasch. Northern Que. w. to w. N. W. T. and Alaska, s. to N. H., Colo., and n.e.
Calif. Ecology: One of the paratypes should be presumed to have been reared from a
parvus Dasch. Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., s.e. Fla., Ont., n. Mich. Ecology: Two of the
paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of Bucculatrix
canadensisella Chamb. and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.).
Mesochoms parvus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 248. 6, 9.
paulus Dasch. N. Y. Known only from the holotype.
Mesochoms paulus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 250. S.
peltatus Dasch. Western Mich., Alta., interior Alaska, s.w. B. C, Wash.
Mesochoms peltatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 104. cJ, 9.
perniciosus Viereck. Southwestern Ont. s. to Iowa and Kans., w. to Alta., w. Mont., e. Idaho,
n.e. Utah, and N. Mex. Ecology: Reared from parasites of Loxostege sticticalis (L.) and
Cyclophora sermlata (Pack.). Host: Apanteles laeviceps Ash., Creynnops vulgaris (Cr.).
Mesochoms perniciosus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 407. 9.
personatus Dasch. Que., n. Ont., Alta., and s. B. C, s. to Maine, Mich., and Oreg. Ecology: One
of the paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Eupithecia
luteata Pack.
Mesochoms personatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 166. J, 9.
platygorytos Dasch. Que. Ecology: The unique holotype should be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of Psilocorsis sp.
Mesochoms platygorytos Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 86. 9-
712 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
plumosus Dasch. N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Colo., Idaho, e. Wash. Ecology: Oviposits into adult
Chrysomelidae (Phyllotreta armoraciae [Koch], P. striolata [F.]) which have been
parasitized by euphorine Braconidae. Host: Microctonus vittatae Mues. The paratype of
Mesochorus plumosus from D. C. was reared together with seven paratypes of
Microctonus vittatae Mues.
Mesochorus phimosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 246. cJ, 9.
prolatus Dasch. Que., w. N. W. T., Alta., interior Alaska, w. B. C.
Mesochorus prolatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 180. 6,9.
punctifrons Dasch. Western N. C, Ohio, s. 111., s. B. C. Ecology: The holotype was collected at
an elevation between 4800 ft. and 5300ft. on Mt. Pisgah, N. C. Host: Leiophron sp. ex
Plagiognathus sp. on Solidago.
Mesochorus punctifrons Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 212. cJ, 9.
recurvatus Dasch. Southwestern B. C. Known only from the holotype.
Mesochorus recurvatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 172. 9.
restrictus Dasch. Que., s.e. Ont., n.e. Alta., s.e. Utah, s. B. C, n. Calif.
Mesochorus restrictus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 113. 6, 9.
sabulosus Dasch. Southern Colo., Utah. Ecology: The holotype was collected at Great Sand
Dunes, Alamosa Co., Colo.
Mesochorus sabulosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 129. 6,9.
scabrosus Dasch. Northeastern Pa. Known only from the holotype.
Mesochorus scabrosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 209. 9.
168. 9.
validus Dasch. Mass. and s.e. Alta., s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, n. La., Okla., s. Ariz, and central
Calif.
Mesoclwrus validus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 130. S, 9.
varianus Dasch. Newfoundland (insular) w. to central Alta. and s.w. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, s.
Stictopisthus Thomson, 1886. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 327, 344.
Type-species: Stictopisthus bilineatus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
This is a moderate sized genus of worldwide distribution.
argaleus Dasch. Que., s. Sask., and w. Yukon, s. to Md., w. N. C, and n.w. Ark. Ecology: Should
be presumed as having been reared from parasites of the following- Tortricidae
{Archips argyrospilus [Wlk.], Choristoneura pinus Free., C. rosaceana [Harris], and a
{Desmia funeralis [Hbn.], Nephopteryx subcaesiella [Clem.]),
"tortricid sp."), Pyralidae
Yponomeutidae (Zelleria haimbachi Bsk.), Gracilariidae {Lithocolletis robiiiiella Clem.),
and a leaf miner on Robinia pseudoacacia. The paratypes in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection show considerably more variation than is allowed for in either Dasch's key to
Stictopisthus females or in his description of argaleus (the key and description
also
disagree with each other in respect to the dimensions of the ovipositor sheath),
and two
species may be confused under the name argaleus.
Stictopisthus argaleus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 277. 6,9.
artus Dasch. N. Y., s. Ind., w. Mont.
Stictopisthus artus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 283. 6,9.
bilineatus Thomson. Southern Sask. s. to w. Tex., w. to s. Alta., Wash., and s. Calif.; s. Mexico;
Europe. Ecology: Can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following
microlepidoptera- Scythris sp. and Plutella xylostella (L.).
Stictopisthus bilineatus Thomson, 1886. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5:
344. [male,
female].
crenatus Dasch. Newfoundland (Labrador), w. N. W. T., and s.w. Alaska, s. to N. J., Mich, and
n. Idaho. Ecology: Can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following
Subfamily DIPLAZONTINAE
The members of this medium sized subfamily are internal parasites of Diptera larvae. The
eggs are deposited in the early-instar larvae or eggs of the host, and the adults emerge from the
host puparia. The usual hosts are aphidophagous Syrphidae, although phytophagous Syrphidae
and even Diptera of other families are sometimes parasitized.
Revision: Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 25-27. —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 3: 1-304 (Nearctic spp.). —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contrib. 1 (1): 1-77
(Neotropic spp.).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 216-232 (genera of world).
This large Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental and Ethiopian genus was called Homotropus in
the most recent works on Diplazontinae. Suppression of Homotropus as a synonym of Syrphoc-
tonus is necessitated by the first re visor decision of Benoit (1955) and by the following facts.
Viereck (1914) designated Bassus biguttatus Gravenhorst as the type-species of Syrphoctonus,
believing that this species was eligible for designation by virtue of Woldstedt's (1877b) place-
ment of it in Syrphoctonus along with three other species, including B. exsultans Gravenhorst.
However, Woldstedt (1877a) had monotypically included B. exsultans, which makes it the
type-species of Syrphoctonus. Syrphoctonus of recent authors is herein called Woldstedtius
(which see).
Taxonomy: Woldstedt, 1877a (1876). Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 22: 391.
-Woldstedt, 1877b. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 23: 441. —Viereck, 1912. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 175. -Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 72, 142.
716 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
alaskensis (Ashmead). Que., s. Maine, s.e. Yukon, Alaska. Males are unknown.
Homotropus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 226. 9.
albopictus (Davis). Northern Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to n. Va., w. N. C, Minn., n. N.
Mex., and n. Calif. The two "subspecies" recognized by Dasch (1964) had broadly
overlapping ranges.
Homotropus bicapillaris var. albopictus Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 28. 9.
Homotropus albopictus ithacae Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 103. c5, 9. N. syn.
aquilonius (Dasch), n. comb. Greenland.
Homotropus aquilonius Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 135. 9.
arizonensis (Dasch), n. comb. Northern Colo., Ariz., e. Calif. Ecology: Occurs at higher
altitudes.
Homotropus arizonensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 114. S, 9.
badius (Dasch), comb. Central Calif.
n.
compactus (Dasch), n. comb. Northwestern Mich., Colo., w. N. W. T., w. Wash., s.w. Oreg.
Homotropus compactus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 119. i, 9.
confertus (Dasch), n. comb. Que., n. N. Mex., w. B. C.
Homotropus confertus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 142. 6,9.
costalis (Provancher), n. comb. Que. This name is transferred from synonymy with Promethes
sidcator (Gravenhorst) because there appear to be no valid grounds for rejecting the
lectotype of Gahan and Rohwer (1917) as Townes (1939) and Barron (1975) have done.
Because Provancher stated that he had two specimens, lack of agreement with the
original description alone is not proof that the Gahan and Rohwer lectotype was not an
original syntype.
Bassus costalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 58. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 332. —Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71:
93. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 455.
Mich., and n.w. Oreg. The ranges of the two "subspecies" described by Dasch
n. Colo.,
98. cJ.
97. 6.
novitus (Dasch), n. comb. Interior Alaska. Known only from the holotype.
Homotropus novitus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 130. 6.
nudus (Dasch), n. comb. Northern Que. w. to interior Alaska, s. to s. Mich., Colo., and n.e. Calif.
Homotropus nudus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: HI. 6,9.
pacificus (Cresson). Western N. W. T. and Alaska s. to w. S. Dak., N. Mex., and s. Calif.; n.
Mexico. Host: Bigonicheta sp.
Bassus maculifrons Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa I, Zool. I, Ins., p. 410. 9. Preocc. by
Cresson, 1865.
Bassus pacificus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 376. 6, 9.
Bassus xanthopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 440. 6.
pallipes (Gravenhorst). N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., n.w. S. C, n. Minn., Colo., and s. Calif.;
Europe.
Bassus pallipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 325. "6" = 9.
Bassus pallipennis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 31. 9.
Bassus pallidipes(l) Bignell, 1898. Devonshire Assoc, Trans. 30: 500. Lapsus for B.
pallipes Gravenhorst.
Homotropus pallidipennis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 238. Emend, of B.
pallipennis Provancher.
Homotropus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym.,
v. 3, p. 238. Emend, of B. pallipes
Gravenhorst.
pectoralis (Provancher). Que. w. to s. Yukon and interior Alaska, s. to n. Va., s. Wis., and Colo.
Bassus pectoralis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 32. cJ.
718 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
pleuralis pleuralis (Cresson). N. H. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Mich., e. Iowa, Ark., and s. Tex. Host:
Syrphid predator of grape aphid.
Bassus pleuralis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. 9.
pleuralis syrphicola (Ashmead). Southern Alta. and s. B. C. s. to n. Colo., n. Utah, n.e. Nev.,
and central Calif. Host: Metasyrphus perlexus (Osb.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.).
Bassus syrphicola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 439. 6, 9.
quadrangularis (Dasch), n. comb. Eastern Mass., n.e. N. J., Colo., s. Alta., n. Idaho, n. Yukon,
interior Alaska, B. C.
Homotropus qiiadrangularis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 106. S ,
9.
locality)"; his dissertation (Dasch, 1953) indicated that the specimen was a male from the
C. F. Baker collection and was in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection. I find no paratype
from La. in that collection and therefore cannot verify from the Baker notebook that it
was really collected in La. (in rare cases the notebook data pertaining to a particular
"Baker number" do not agree with the locality on the specimen label).
Homotropus rufulus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 104. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Dasch, 1953. Taxonomic study Nearctic Diplazoninae, Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell
Univ., p. 217.
sicarius (Dasch), n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., N. W. T., interior Alaska.
Host: Simuliid.
Homotropus sicarius Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 161. cJ, 9.
signatus (Gravenhorst). Newfoundland (insular) and n. Que. w. to n. Alaska, s. to N. J., s. Ohio,
n. Iowa, n. Colo., and n.w. Oreg.; Eurasia. Host: Platycheirus erraticus Curran,
This is a very small genus of Holarctic and Ethiopian (one Madagascan sp.) distribution.
Syrpkoctonus Foerster sensu Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 200-208.
The type-species of this new genusBassus biguttatus Gravenhorst, which was formerly re-
is
garded as the type-species of Syrpkoctonus Foerster (which see). The genus is rather small, and
its species occur in the Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental regions.
Taxonomy: Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 200-208 (Nearctic spp.). —Dasch, 1964.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Contrib. 1 (1): 45-63 (Neotropic spp.).
citropectoralis (Schmiedeknecht), n. comb. N. Y., Pa., e. Ohio, n. Mich., interior Alaska, s.e. B.
C; Europe.
Homocidus citropectoralis Schmiedeknecht, 1926. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 3412. 6.
flavolineatus (Gravenhorst), n. comb. N. S. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to e. S. C, s. Ala.,
n.w. Ark., s. Colo., and n. Calif.; Mexico, Ecuador; Eurasia. Host: Allograpta obliqua
(Say), Metasyrpkus americanus (Wied.), M. lapponicus (Zett.), Ocyptannis clavatus (F.),
O.fascipennis (Wied.).
Bassus flavolineatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 337. 9.
Bassus bimacidattis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 360.
6.
720 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Campocraspedon Uchida, 1957. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 50: 237.
Type-species: Campocraspedon satoi Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
This is a small Holarctic genus.
foutsi (Cushman). Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., D. C, e. N. C, s.e. Ont., Ohio, e. 111.
Syrphoctonus foutsi Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 12. S, 9.
truncatus Dasch. Northern Colo., Alaska, s.e. B. C, n. Idaho.
Campocraspedon tnincatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 214. <J, 9.
bidens (Davis). N. B. s. to Md., w. to s.w. Ont. and n. Colo. Host: Neocnemodon coxalis
rufipleurum Dasch. N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Ont., Ohio, Mich., w. N. W. T.
Phthorima rufipleurum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 221. S, 9.
townesi Dasch. Mass., N. Y., n. W. Va., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Iowa.
Phthorima townesi Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 224. 6,9.
sulcigena Dasch. Southeastern B. C. Known only from the holotype.
Phthorima sulcigena Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 228. 6.
Zootrephes maudae Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 22. 6, 9. This name appeared
in Davis' key and applies to the same lectotype as does Z. iiiconstayis Davis.
Zootrephes mconstans Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 23, 29. S, 9. This name
applies to the same lectotype as does Z. maudae Davis (above).
Homocidus iwatensis Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 257. 9.
Homocidus satoi Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 257. 6, 9.
ichneumonoides (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Mass., n. Mich., N.
Mex., n. Idaho, and w. Wash.
Bassiis ichneumonoides Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 57. 6, 9.
Bassus cingulatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 11. 9. Preocc. by Holmgren, 1858.
Zootrephes similis Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 52. 9.
tricinctorius (Thunberg). Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C, s.w. Mo., N. Mex., and
n.e. Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Syrphids.
Ichneiimon tricinctorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1890. Opusc Ent. 14: 1494-1495. —Pfankuch, 1910. Deut. Ent. Ztschr.
(for 1910), p. 275-276.
722 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Bassus auct., nee Fabricius. Although no species of Diplazontinae were placed in Bassus
by Fabricius, the name was for many years applied to to Diplazontinae, in later years
more particularly to species of Diplazon.
Diplazon Nees ab Esenbeck, 1819 (1818). In Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Leopoldina 9: 292.
Nomen nudum. Diplazon Nees ab Esenbeck is cited as a synonym of Bassus Fabricius
in this paper by Gravenhorst. In his discussion of Bassus, Gravenhorst referred to a
footnote consisting of a quotation from a letter he had received from Nees ab Esenbeck
on Dec. 25, 1918 wherein Nees ab Esenbeck mentioned the name Diplazon. Nothing in
the footnote makes the name available. Gravenhorst did nothing to validate Diplazon
because he did not associate it with a valid specific name (even when names of genera
described without included species are placed in synonymy, species are not thereby
placed in them).
Diplazon Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 46.
Bassus laetatorius var. tenninalis Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 19. 9.
Bassus balearicus Kriechbaumer, 1895. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23: 246. 9.
Bassus generosus Cameron, 1898. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc 42: 31. 9.
Scolobates variipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 328. Emend.
Bassus laetatorius var. se7iegalensis Ferriere, 1925. Agron. Colon. 12 (88): 148. [female].
Bassus laetatorius ikiti Cheesman, 1936. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 85: 182. 9.
280; 9: 366. 9.
Bassus pectoratorius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 333. cJ, 9. Preocc. in
Diplazon by Thunberg, 1822.
Bassiis pulchripes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 143. "3" = 9.
Polysphincta pleuralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (10): 312. "cj"
= 9.
Homocidus akaashii Uchida, 1931. In Takagi, Chosen Govt.-Gen., Forest Expt. Sta. Bui.
12: 24 (German), 50 (Japanese), "d" = 9.
Bassus urupensis Uchida, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 118. 6, 9.
Ichneumon hortorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
280; 9: 365. i.
Ichneumon ustorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
281; 8: 366. 6.
Bassus tricinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 351. cJ.
Bassus neiHoralis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 354. S,
9.
Bassus conciiimis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. 9.
Bassus aynoenus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 3 (key); 6 (2): 55. 9.
Bassus albicoxus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 3 (key); 6 (2): 56. 6.
Bassus albicomisO Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 273. Lapsus for B. albicoxus.
Diplazon tetragonus rufigaster Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 28. 6, 9. N. syn.;
range totally overlapped by what Dasch treated as the nominate subspecies.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 259, 282, 287.
tibiatorius occidentalis Dasch. Colo., Alta., Ariz., s. Yukon, B. C, w. Wash., s.e. Oreg., n.e.
Calif. D. tibiatorius tibiatorius (Thunberg) is Eurasian. The paratype of D. t.
gravenhorsti Dasch. Newfoundland (insular), N. B., Mass., n. N. Y., n. Mich., Alta., interior
Alaska, B. C, n.w. Wash.; Japan? Host: Syrphids.
Promethes gravenhorsti Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 236. 6,9.
nomininguis Dasch. Southern Que.
Promethes nomininguis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 240. cJ, 9.
striatus Dasch. Western Pa., e. Ohio, n. Colo., n.w. Alta.
Promethes striatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 238. <J, 9.
sulcator (Gravenhorst). Newfoundland (insular) and n. Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to
Pa., n. Ill, e. S. Dak., Colo., Ariz., and n.w. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 320. 6, 9.
Bassus areolatus Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska VetensL-Akad. Handl. 75: 85. 6, 9.
Bassiis longicomis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 12. 9.
Bassus aciculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 368. 9.
Preocc. by Ruthe, 1859.
Bassus auriculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 429. 9.
Promethes siilcator sple^ididus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 236. 6, 9. N. syn.:
range completely overlapped by what Dasch treated as the nominate subspecies.
cognata faceta Dasch. N. Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Y., w. N. C, n. Ga., Ont. n.
S.,
Mich., e. Tenn., Alaska, s. B. C, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif. Two more or less
sympatric Eurasian "subspecies" were recognized by Dasch (1964) and by Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965). They are S. cognata cognata (Holmgren), which was
described from southern Lapland, and S. cognata albicoxa (Thomson), which was
described from southern Sweden, Germany, and France.
Promethes albicoxis Ashmead, 1906. hi Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum or
lapsus for and misidentification of P. albicoxa Thomson.
Sussaba cognata faceta Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 265. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 414.
coloradensis Dasch. Northern Colo. Known only from the holotype which was collected four
miles west of Cameron Pass, Colo, on July 23, 1894 by C. F. Baker.
Sussaba coloradensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 270. 9.
dorsalis cultriformis (Ashmead). N. S. w. to s.e. Alta., s. to N. J., s.w. Va., and Nebr. Host:
Platycheirus erraticus Curran, Sphaerophoria philantnus (Meig.), syrphid on cabbage,
syrphid on reed canary grass. Single specimens apparently not otherwise separable from
d.cultriformis were recorded by Dasch from s.e. B. C, s. Yukon, and s.w. Alaska, well
within the range of the nominate subspecies.
Trematopygus^ cultriformis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 441. 9.
dorsalis dorsalis (Holmgren). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to
insular Newfoundland, s. central Que., n. Colo., and n. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus dorsalis Hobngren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 367. S, 9.
Bassus maculatus Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 216. S, 9.
elongata (Provancher). Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to Vt., n.
Mich., Tex., N. Mex., n. Utah, and n. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus elongatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 57. cJ, 9.
Bassus monticola Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1875. Pinacographia, p. 4 and pi. 1, fig. 9. i.
Promethus laticarpus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1481. 6,9.
Otoblastus erodens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 273. i, 9.
Promethes unicinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 224. 9. Townes (1945)
stated that the holotype is a composite specimen, but I do not think he was correct;
therefore, his selection of the thorax as "lectotype" is of doubtful significance. Dasch
(1964) incorrectly stated that the type locality is "Berg Bay, Alaska;" it is Kukak Bay,
Alaska.
Promethes laticarpus watanabei Uchida, 1957. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour.
50: 248. 6, 9. Syn.? Dasch (1964) stated that he believed watanabei (described from
Hokkaido) to be a subspecies of elongatus, but he did not use either of the trinomials S.
elongatus watanabei or S. elongatus elongatus. Moreover, Dasch apparently also studied
typical specimens of elongata from Japan (see his p. 253).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 560. —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 3: 242, 250-254.
nigrithorax Dasch. Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T., Colo., Alaska. The Baker notebook indicates
that the female paratype cited by Dasch as "Colorado, C. Baker (Washington)" was
collected at an elevation of 9500 ft. at Chambers Lake, Colo, on July 18, 1895 by C. F.
and N. E. Baker. A male for which the same data apply is labeled by Dasch as a
paratype of nigrithorax but is evidently the specimen he cited as a paratype of
pulchella coriacea Dasch from "Colorado (no locality)." In addition, a specimen from
"Camp 334, Alaska" (a place at the east end of Mt. McKinley Natl. Park and now known
as Carlo) which Dasch labeled as a paratype of nigrithorax is cited in his revision as a
paratype of pulchella coriacea. If nigrithorax is a valid species and if the one paratype
of nigrithorax and two "paratypes" of pulchella coriacea discussed above are correctly
identified as nigrithorax they are apparently the only known specimens of this species
which were not collected above or beyond timberline.
Sussaba nigrithorax Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 249. 6, 9.
placita Dasch. Southeastern B. C, n. Calif.
Sussaba placita Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 269. 6,9.
726 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily OXYTORINAE
The subfamily Oxytorinae (= Micro leptinae) includes a number of genera about which so little
is known that their phylectic relationships with other ichneumonid genera are particularly in
doubt. Hence, their position in the classification of the family is somewhat a matter of specula-
tion. Oxytorus and Microleptes are two of these genera of doubtful affinities. Of the 24 genera
of Oxytorinae recognized by Townes (1971), 19 have Nearctic species. Species of some genera
have been reared from Mycetophilidae, but for most of the genera no hosts are known.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 179-206 (genera of world).
180. Unjustified emend. Mr. George Steyskal is of the opinion (personal commun., 1976)
that Hopper (1959) was correct in asserting that Gravenhorst's name Microleptes was a
little things) which
lapsus in light of the Latin definition (meaning stealer of
Gravenhorst gave for the Greek words from which he derived Microleptes. However,
Steyskal feels that it is not provable that Gravenhorst's Greek
word which
transliterates as leptes was a lapsus for cleptes rather than lestes (the latter meaning
the same Therefore, the ichneumonid name Microcleptes must be treated as an
thing).
unjustified emendation and, therefore, does not date
from Gravenhorst (1829) and is
instead of preoccupying
preoccupied by Newman, 1840; Stal, 1866; and Simpson, 1928,
them.
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 727
This a small Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said that "the relationships of Microleptes are
is
uncertain," and that "it may, or may not belong to the present subfamily."
Revision: Stelfox, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 181-182 (British spp.).
Taxonomy: Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 166 (derivation of Microleptes).
—Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 183-184 (syn., etc.).
Delolytus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 189. It should be noted that
v. 25 of Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. was published in two halves; Delolytus
appeared in the first half and Oxytorus and Callidiotes appeared in the second half. If it
is subsequently shown that the first half was
published before either the second half or
the authors separates of the entire paper, Delolytus could no longer be suppressed by
Oxytorus or Callidiotes.
Type-species: Mesoleptus coxator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Foerster, 1876. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of 0.
luridator (Gravenhorst).
Callidiotes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.
Type-species: Mesoleptus coxator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Foerster, 1876.
Oxytorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.
Type-species: Oxytorus armatus Thomson.
By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1883.
Pantoporthus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.
Type-species: Ichneumon luridator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Mesatractodes Morley, 1907. Brit. Ichn., v. 2, p. 257.
Type-species: Atractodes properator Haliday. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of 0. luridator (Gravenhorst).
Paracanidia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 642.
Type-species: Paracanidia elyi Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Prosmoridea Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 141.
Type-species: Prosmonis elongatus Davis. Monotypic and orig. desig. This is a
Holarctic genus of moderate size.
albopleuralis (Provancher). Que. s. to S. C. and n. Ga., w. to Mich.
Mesoleptus albopleuralis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 224. 6.
Atractodes nitens Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 368. 6,9.
ProsmosusV.) punctifrons Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 309. "S" = 9.
antennatus (Cresson). Que. s. to s. Ga., w. to Wis. and La.
Mesoleptus antennatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 272. 6.
Mesoleptus facetus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 100. S.
Mesoleptus rufomixtus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 97.
"9"= 6 {6 misdet).
Mesoleptus filifonnis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 98. 9.
Formerly preocc in Cryptus by Fonscolombe, 1850, and Rudow, 1886.
Exolytus concamerus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 356. 9.
Cryptus Genelinii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 573. N. name for M.filiformis
Provancher.
Paracanidia elyi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 643. 9.
elongatus (Davis). Southern Va., N. C, Tex.
ProsmosusV.) elongatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 310. 9.
728 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Hyperacmus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 322.
crassicornis (Gravenhorst). N. Y., Alaska; Eurasia. Host: Yponomeuta malinella Zell. The
foregoing is a European host record of Meyer (1927); it needs confirmation.
Exochus crassicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 347. 9.
Biology: Meyer, 1927. [Leningrad] Gosud. Inst. Opytn. Agron. (State Inst. Expt. Agron.),
Otd. Prikl. Ent. (Bur. Appl. Ent.), Izv. (Rpts.), Trudy po Prikl. Ent. (Works on Appl. Ent.).
3:89.
This is a small Holarctic genus. According to Townes (1971), an undescribed species occurs in
"Arctic and Arctic-Alpine North America."
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 190-191 (syn., distribution).
This is a small Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental genus. Apparently one or more unidentified
or undescribed species occur in the Nearctic region.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 23: 157. — Townes and Townes,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 342.
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1888. Opusc Ent. 7: 1304 (syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 17: 193 (distribution).
Clepticus Haliday, 1838. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 116. Preocc by Cuvier, 1829.
Type-species: Clepticus praetor Haliday. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Proclitus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 172.
Type-species: Proclitus gra7idis Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Aclastoneura Kriechbaumer, 1896. Ent. Nachr. 22: 359.
730 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Tbis is a moderately large genus, apparently of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian
distribution.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
342. —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 410, 425, 434 (syn.). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 200-201.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
342. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 202.
Mesoleptus fungicola Ashmead, 1894. hi Webster, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 50.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 204 (syn.).
trifasciata (Ashmead). Alaska; e. U. S. S. R. W
Catastenus trifasciatus Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 336. 9 The type locality is Ostrov Mednyy (= Copper Isl), Commander
.
||
Isls., U. S. S. R. n
ThestisV.) tricincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 187. 9.
Catastenus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 240. 6,9.
flavopictus (Gravenhorst). Que., N. H., Ont., Wis., n. 111., Minn., n. Utah., s. Calif.; Europe.
Plectiscus flavopictus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 983. [male].
Megastylus lineator Schiodte, 1839 (1838). Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1: 139. "9" = S.
Myriarthrus Cingulator Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 28: 103. i, 9.
Mesoleptus (Megastylus/) albocollaris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 100. 9. N.
syn.
Orthocentrus albofasciatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 13. 9. N. syn.
Aperileptus pleuralis Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.
Megastylus ashmeadi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 18. 9. N. syn.
734 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 246. — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 540 (syn.). —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2: 343. — Rossem, 1974. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 117: 278-279 (syn.).
Subfamily ORTHOCENTRINAE
The moderate; although only seven genera are currently recognized,
size of this subfamily is
three of them are large and two are moderately large. According to Townes (1971) most of the
species occurring outside the Holarctic Region are undescribed. Some of the species synonymy
indicated in the unpublished revision of Smith (1958) was pubhshed by Smith (1965); in cases
where they appear reliable unpublished species synonymies and changes in species nomencla-
ture indicated by Smith in her dissertation are published here (the majority of which involve
types in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection). Mycetophilidae are apparently the usual hosts.
Revision: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 219-226. —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam.
Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., 373
pp., 8 pi. (261 figs.).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 398, 399,
400, 401, 402, 403. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 208-216 (genera of world).
asper (Gravenhorst). Que. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to S. C, Kans., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.;
Europe.
Exochus asper Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 694. [female].
Orthocentrus discolor Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 332.
6, 9.
Phaenosemus sitkensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 231. S.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.).
fulvipes Gravenhorst. Nearctic Region; Eurasia. Nearctic localities were not indicated by
Townes (1971).
Orthocentrus fulvipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 363. 6.
Orthocentrus carinatus Uchida, 1932. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 33: 211. S.
Preocc. by Provancher, 1879.
Orthocentrus badifrons Uchida, 1942. Insecta Matsumurana 16: 125. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 399
(syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.).
repentinus Holmgren. Greenland; Europe.
Orthocentrus repentinus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
327. <J, 9.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 284.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 92-94, 357.
1:333. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 400
(syn.).
Taxonomy: Roman, 1925. Ent. Meddel. 14: 425. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17:
209 (syn.).
tetrazonatus (Ashmead). N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to S. C, Ala., Colo., Utah, and Calif.
Atmetus tetrazonatus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 204. 9.
736 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
This is a small Holarctic genus. Smith (1958) indicated that there are four undescribed Nearc-
tic species.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 181-192."
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 212-213 (syn.).
americanus (Ashmead). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Md., Ill, Kans., Colo., and
Calif.
Neuratelus americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. 2.
Deleter obscurus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. 3.
brevipennis (Ashmead). Alaska. Ecology: Smith (1958) studied 35 females collected on flowers
of Senecio.
Synoplus brevipennis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 226. ?.
Synoplus pleuralis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 227. 9.
= <?. N. syn.
Hypoleptus glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 228. "<J, 9"
Ashmead said: "Type. —Cat. No. 5673, ...Muir Inlet [Alaska], June 12." The only
specimens to be found in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection bearing type
no. 5673 are
two conspecific males from St. Paul Isl, Alaska; one of these bears Ashmead's label
identifying it as a male of Hypoleptus glacialis. No specimens from Muir Inlet match
the original description and none bear an Ashmead label identifying them as H.
glacialis.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 316-322.
columbianus (Ashmead). Que., N. W. T., and Yukon, s. to Va., Ill, Colo., and Wash.
Hypoleptus columbianus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. 6.
dubiosus (Ashmead). Colo., Alaska.
Neurateles dubiosus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 228. 6.
femoralis (Holmgren). Newfoundland (Labrador), N. W. T., Yukon, and Alaska, s. to Va., 111.,
Colo., Ariz., and Oreg.; Eurasia.
Orthocentrus silvaticus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
342. <J, 9.
Orthocentrus femoralis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
346. 6, 9.
Orthocentrus nigricoxis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 369.
9.
MyiesidaeusV.) apicalis Ashmead, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 202. 9.
Atjuetus nigritus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 204. 9. N. syn.
Stenomacrus intritus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 225. d. N. syn.
Stenojnacrus borealis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 338. 9. N. syn.
Deleter flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 229. 6. N. syn.
Orthocentrus nigritus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 231. 6. Preocc. in
Steywmacrus by Ashmead, 1896. N. syn.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 551 (syn.). —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam.
Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p.
322-324.
monticola (Cushman). Newfoundland (Labrador), N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to N. Y., Colo., and
Wash.
Hypoleptus monticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Hypolepusd) alticola Ashmead, 1906. hi Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Hypoleptus monticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 16. 9.
premitus (Davis). Que. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to Fla., Ill, Colo., and Wash.
Camerotopsd) premitus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 226. "6"
= 9.
Phaenosemus alticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Camarotops kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 232. 9. N. syn.
Brephoctonus hygrotrecha Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey
Bui. 22:305. 6,9. N. syn.
Stenomacrus alticola
Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 27. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 309-314.
terebrator Roman. Greenland.
Stenomacrus terebrator Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 608. 9.
ulmicola (Ashmead). N. H. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Iowa, Kans., and Okla. Host: "Leaf miner on
elm."
Brephoctonus fla vosus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 202. 6.
738 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Neurateles ulmicola Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. 9.
Neurateles liriodendri Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. <S, 9.
undulatus (Davis). Northern 111.
Deleter undulatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. 9 (d misdet.).
This is a genus of moderate size; Townes (1971) had seen 20 species. The genus is known from
the Holarctic, Oriental, Australian, and Ethiopian Regions. There is at least one undescribed
Nearctic species.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 60: 221 (syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 215 (name resurrected).
ridibundus (Gravenhorst). Nearctic Region; Europe.
Orthocentrus ridibundus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 366. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 215 (distribution).
suffuscus (Davis). N. S. w. to B. C, s. to S. C, La., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.
Deleter suffuscus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. 6.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 549 (identification apparently based on
a specimen which was then a syntype). —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer.
No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 350-352.
leucopsis (Ashmead). Colo.
Orthocentrus leucopsis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 24. 6.
College, Michigan."
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 739
Atradodes provancheri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 723. N. name for A. singularis
Provancher (which see).
Atradodes rufipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 151. 6, 9. Que.
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 551.
Atradodes singularis Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 328. 6. Que. Preocc. by Foerster, 1876;
replaced by A. provancheri Dalla Torre (which see).
Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 360-361. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 500.
Pezomachus thripites Taylor, 1860. Amer. Agr. 19: 300. 9. No locality.
Phygadeuon excavatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 285. 9. Que.
Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 468.
Tryphon exobscurus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 62.
Unnecessary n. name for Stilpnus obscurus Cresson (which see).
Stilp7ius obscurus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 259. 6. Colo. Formerly preocc.
secondarily in Tryphon by T. obscurus Stephens, 1835. The replacement name Tryphon
exobscurus Walkley (which see) was proposed while S. obscurus stood as "Tryphon
obscurus (Cresson)" among the unplaced species of Ichneumonidae; therefore, T.
exobscunis is an unnecessarily proposed replacement name.
740 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
they have not been associated with particular specimens since they were pubHshed.
Most of
them probably pertain to specimens which by now have been destroyed.
nomina nuda published by Harris (1835): Cryptus antiulipes, C. attractus, C. bn-
Unplaceable
C.
cephalus, C. calceatus, C. cardinalis, C. clijta, C. crescentiis, C. ectypus, C.facetus, C.facUis,
isochroimis, C. laxus, C. leucoielus, C. mellipes, C. palmapectus, C. pleuriticus, C. polyspeims,
C. recurvulus, C. spinulosus, C. subspinosus, C. tennellulus, C. versicolor. Ichneumon
(Ichneumon) ales, I. (I.) anxifer, I. (Trogns) atratus, I. (/.) bacuius, I. (/.) biarquatus, I. (/.)
I. (/.)
dimelapsus, I. (/.) metathoracicus, I. (I.) orbitarius, I. (/.) petiolatus, I. (I.) plantaris,
I. (/.) wan.
platicenis, I. (I.) spatiosus, I. (/.) stolophonis, I. (/.) trichocerus,
Miscellaneous unplaceable nomina nuda published in the references, cited: Anomalon
Cecropiae Harris (1833), Bathymetis tegularis Ashmead (in Slosson, 1900), B. washingtonensis
Ashmead Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) triangularis Viereck (1926), Cani-
(in Slosson, 1906),
poplex paniscus Osborn (1892), Centetenis suturalis Ashmead (in Riley and Howard, 1890, p.
152), Cremastus finnipeniiis Ashmead (1900, p. 584), Cryptus propitius "Cr." Ashmead (1890, p.
43), Eipbosoma femorata "Cress." Ashmead (1900, p. 580), Exocboides borealis "Cress."
Evans
(1896), Hemiteles mesochori "Ashm." Crevecoeur (1922), Hemiteles orgyiae "Riley"
Ashmead
(1890, p. 43), Ichneumon alternator "S." Harris (1833), /. araneanim Clarkson (1890),
/. basiator
"S." Harris (1833), /. cingor "S." Harris (1833), Ichyracis (!) americana Ashmead (in Slosson,
1906), Lampronota snccincta "Cr." Riley and Howard (1890, p. 464), Limneria oligiae Ashmead
(in Riley and Howard, 1890, p. 158), Megarhyssa magnifica Viereck (1910), Mesochorus^
chrysopae Ashmead (in Riley and Howard, 1890, p. 156), Mesoleius bicolor Davis (in Slosson,
1894), Ophion imbecilis "S." Harris (1833), Polysphincta phycitis Riley (in Riley
and Howard,
1890, p. 464), Rhythmonotus bilineatus Ashmead, 1900, p. 581), Scambus moyita "Cress."
Wash-
burn (1918), Sinophorus johnsoni Ashmead (1900, p. 581), Spilocryptus lividicorpus "Cress."
Procter (1938), Spudastica rufipes Ashmead (1900, p. 581), Thyreodon costale "Cress." Viereck
(1928).
Taxonomy: Harris, 1833; 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Min. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 587; ed. 2, p.
584-585. —Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 43. —Clarkson, 1890. Canad. Ent. 22:
122. -Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 151-158, 460-464. —Osborn,
1892. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 18: 515. —Slosson, 1894. Ent. News 5: 4. —Evans, 1896.
Canad. Ent. 28: 11. —Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p.
563-585. -Slosson, 1900; 1906. Ent. News 11: 319; 17: 324. —Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N. J.
State Mus., Ann. Rpt. (for 1909), p. 627. —Washburn, 1918. Minn. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 17:
172. —Crevecoeur, 1922. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 386. —Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc.
Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 178. —Viereck, 1928. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 274: 185.
—Procter, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. 6, p. 402.
Family STEPHANIDAE
By Robert W. Carlson
This small family is worldwide in distribution, but with species apparently most numerous in
the tropic and subtropic parts of the world. They are parasites of coleopterous and hymenop-
terous wood borers.
Revision: Elliot, 1922. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 92: 705-831 (spp. of world, largely from
literature). —
Townes, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 361-370.
cinctipes (Cresson). Southwestern S. Dak., n. Idaho, and s. B. C. s. to s.e. Ariz, and s. Calif.;
Australia (Tasmania). Ecology: Kirk (1975) reared the species from Piiius ponderosa,
Picea engelmanni, and Abies concolor infested by species of Sirex, Urocerus, and Xeris.
The species has also emerged from Pseudotsuga menziesii. Host: Sirex noctilio F.,
Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 741
Biology: Taylor, 1967. Austral. Ent. Soc, Jour. 6: 13-19 (life history, behavior, egg, larva).
-Kirk, 1975. Pan-Pacific Ent. 51: 58-59. -Taylor, 1977 (1976). Entomophaga 21: 429-440
(introduction and establishment of various parasitic Hym. on Sirex noctilio).
According to Townes (1949, stephanid revision, p. 363) Megischus is a genus of about 40 valid
species and is pantropic in distribution.
Stephanus Sicknianni Schletterer, 1889. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 33: 152. 9. N. syn.
Megischus floridanus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 349. S, 9.
Megischus canadensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 349. 9. N. syn.
Stephanus Sickmannii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 9. Emend.
Biology: Townes, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 367 (behavior and ecology).
brunneus (Cresson). Southern Fla.; Cuba.
Megischus bninyieus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 84. 6, 9.
Stephanus bruneus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 6. Emend.
californicus Townes. Northern Calif, s. to s. Calif.
Megischus californicus Townes, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 99: 364. 6,9.
texanus Cresson. Southwestern Okla., s. Tex., Ariz., s. Calif.; n.w. Mexico.
Megischus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 190. 9.
743
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA
By Gordon Gordh
The Chalcidoidea are among the most difficult groups of Hymenoptera to identify because of
their small size and the lack of adequate keys to the North American species. Several species vie
for the distinction of being the smallest insect (about 0.2 mm long), and most species are less
than 3-4 mm long. The characters used to distinguish chalcidoids from other Hymenoptera in-
clude the presence of a prepectus, failure of the pronotum to meet the tegula, 13 or fewer seg-
ments comprising the geniculate antenna, and drastically reduced wing venation.
Ashmead (1904) recognized 14 families and provided the first comprehensive modern classifi-
cation of the Chalcidoidea. Despite its many errors, this was a prodigious work and remarkable
considering the primitive optical equipment and state of knowledge about the Chalcidoidea at
that time. Nikol'skaya (1952) elevated the number of families to 24, and Boucek and Hoffer
(1957) (subsequently translated by Peck, 1964) recognized 18 families. In this catalog Burks has
reduced the number of families to eleven. Casual thought may lead one to wonder why there is
so muchinconsistency among workers regarding higher classification of chalcidoids. These clas-
sificationsare based on external morphology, and the chalcidoids are exceedingly plastic
morphologically. This plasticity generates differences of opinion over the limits of higher taxa
because workers weight characters differently.
Chalcidoids are found in all zoogeographical regions, in all terrestrial habitats, and all families
are found in each zoogeographic region. Despite their omnipresence, chalcidoids remain one of
the poorest known superfamilies. Taxonomically, the western Palearctic fauna is best known,
followed by the Nearctic. The remainder of the zoogeographical regions (Neotropical, Ethiopian,
Australian, and Oriental) are almost completely unknown with respect to their endemic faunas.
Much of our knowledge of chalcidoids stems from species which are associated with agriculture.
The body size and searching habits of chalcidoids make them suitable for fossilization in
resinous amber, but fossil records of the Chalcidoidea are incomplete. Fewer than 50 species are
known, and these belong to less than half of the chalcidoid families. The most comprehensive ac-
counts of fossil chalcidoids are by Brues (1910), Doutt (1973), and Yoshimoto (1975). The last
study provides a summary of knowledge about fossil chalcidoids. Yoshimoto (1975) reports that
mymarids, trichogrammatids, and tetracampids are referable to the Cretaceous Period (70-90
million years before present).
Owing to the paucity of knowledge about fossil chalcidoids and their morphological plasticity,
the relationship of this superfamily to other parasitic Hymenoptera has not been conclusively
established. We are not certain that the Chalcidoidea are monophyletic in the Hennigian sense,
although some investigators have that opinion. An interpretation of chalcidoid phylogeny based
on the known fossil record is provided by Yoshimoto (1975).
The actual numerical dimension of the Chalcidoidea can only be speculated. The ichneumonid
specialist Henry Townes (1969) has estimated that there are 60,00() species of Ichneumonidae.
744 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
DeBach (1974) has estimated that somewhere between 70-90 percent of the parasitic Hymenop-
tera remain to be described. I believe that the Chalcidoidea wiir ultimately be recognized as
larger than the Ichneumonidae. There are some who would disagree with this estimate, but their
estimates are based on impressions developed from examining species that repeatedly have
been submitted for identification. These species mostly are associated with the agroecosystem
and represent only a portion of the total chalcidoid fauna. My primary interest in making these
assertions is to stimulate research on the Chalcidoidea because they are a fertile area for in-
vestigations in biology, behavior, ecology, and systematics.
Chalcidoids have diverse and frequently specialized feeding habits. Most species of chalcidoids
are parasitic, but phytophagy probably has evolved several times in the Chalcidoidea because it
is found in several distantly related taxa and many unrelated species of plants serve as hosts.
Phytophagy is found most frequently in association with gall-forming habits, but the evolutiona-
ry significance of this observation remains unknown.
Agaonids demonstrate the most intimate expression of phytophagy in the Chalcidoidea. This
group is poorly represented in North America because all agaonids develop in fig seeds (Ficus
spp.), and these plants occur naturally only in tropical and subtropical climates. All figs are de-
pendent on agaonids for pollination, and agaonids can only develop within the receptacles of
Ficus. Host specificity seems to be the trend in agaonids with each species of fig having its own
agaonid for pollination (Ramirez, 1970 a,b; Grandi, 1961). Numerous other chalcidoids are as-
sociated with Ficus as inquilines (Hill, 1967 a,b).
Other taxa of chalcidoids with phytophagous species include the Eurytomidae, Torymidae,
brachyscelidiphagine Pteromalidae, and Tanaostigmatidae.
Some ecologists prefer to use the term parasitoid to characterize parasitic insects. Protelean
parasite is a phrase often used to distinguish between typical parasites and insects that are
parasitic in the larval stage only (Askew, 1971).
One definition of parasitism for all parasitic organisms is impractical because animal species
are parasitic in many different ways. The parasitological definition of parasitism in the sense of
parasitic worms and protozoa is unsuitable in the present context because parasitic chalcidoids
do not behave in a manner consistent with that definition. Therefore it seems more appropriate
to list some of the biological attributes of parasitic chalcidoids. Parasitic chalcidoids are charac-
terized as follows: (1) they are obligate parasites in the larval stage only; (2) they require only
one host to complete development; (3) they attack related taxa (other arthropods and usually in-
sects); (4) if the parasite completes development, the host invariably dies; (5) the ratio of size
between the parasite and host approximates unity (except in some cases where the parasitic lar-
vae are gregarious or polyembryonic delevopment occurs).
Adults of some species host feed, but the significance of this behavior is not always clear.
Host feeding may provide nutrients necessary for ovary or egg development, or it may be a con-
venient source of nutrients necessary for sustaining life (Flanders, 1953; Doutt, 1964; Quezada et
ai, 1973).
Parasitism by insects reaches its most elaborate development in the Chalcidoidea. Primary
parasitism (larval development on a phytophagous host) is the most common type of parasitism
by chalcidoids. Hyperaparasitism (a parasite attacking another species of parasite) is found al-
most exclusively in the Hymenoptera, and reaches its most extensive development in the Chalci-
doidea as indicated by the fact that most families have hyperparasitic species. Further evidence
of the extensiveness of hyperparasitism in this superfamily is found in the fact that several
types of hyperparasitism have evolved in the group. These include secondary (a parasite at-
tacking a primary parasite), tertiary (a parasite attacking a secondary parasite) and quaternary
(a parasite attacking a tertiary parasite). Hyperparasitism probably evolves out of primary
parasitism in situations involving strong interspecific competition.
An unusual type of hyperparasitism occurs in Coccopkagoides utilis Doutt and various related
genera such as Coccophagus, Eyicarsia, and Prospaltella. Female larvae develop as primary
parasites of armored-scale insects, and the male larvae develop as hyperparasites of their own
females (Broodryk and Doutt, 1966). This phenomenon is called adelphoparasitism or au-
toparasitism and appears restricted to the aphelinines (Zinna, 1961; Flanders, 1959, 1967).
Parasitic chalcidoids can be categorized on the basis of where the egg is deposited and how
the larva feeds. Most species attack the host directly, but adult female eucharitids and perilam-
pine pteromalids oviposit on vegetation and the first-instar larva (planidium) searches for the
host (Smith, 1912; Clausen, 1940 a,b). Species in which the adult female directly attacks the host
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 745
lay their eggs on the host's body and the larvae develop externally, or deposit their eggs inside
the host's body and the larvae develop internally. There is a tendency for parasites that attack
exposed hosts to develop internally (exception: elachertine Eulophidae), and parasites that at-
tack concealed hosts to develop externally.
The intra- and interspecific relationships among parasitic chalcidoids vary. Some species are
solitary (one parasite per host), and others are gregarious (several parasites per host). When
more than one parasite species develops on a host simultaneously, the condition is termed multi-
ple parasitism. When more eggs of one parasite species are laid on a host than can develop to
maturity, the condition is termed superparasitism. Supernumerary individuals are eliminated
through larval combat or physiological suppression (Salt, 1961).
The distinction between parasitism and predation sometimes fails, and some chalcidoids could
be called predators. A prime distinction between parasites and predators is that predators
frequently consume several prey, but parasites consume only one host per individual. The eu-
notine pteromalids and some mymarids could be regarded as egg predators because their larvae
feed externally on scale-insect eggs in the "brood chamber" after they are oviposited by the
female scale-insect (Clausen, 1940 a).
Parasitic species that attack many species of hosts are called polyphagous; parasitic species
that attack only a few species of hosts are called stenophagous; and parasitic species that attack
only one species of host are monophagous. Complete host specificity is difficult to establish
because it is based essentially on negative evidence. The fact that a
parasite will not attack a
host under some conditions does not constitute proof that it will not parasitize that species.
Nevertheless, there is a tendency towards specialization in the Chalcidoidea, and this is reflected
by: (1) repeated recovery of a parasite from a host species over a large area, but not from re-
lated host species that occur sympatrically; (2) demonstrated preference for a host species when
a choice is available; (3) superior reproductive capability on a host species; and (4) physical
limitations that prevent a parasite from attacking a potential host.
Some polyphagous chalcidoids appear to prefer habitats rather than a taxonomically cohesive
group of hosts. For example, Zagravimosovia species parasitize leaf-mining insects whether
they are Lepidoptera, Diptera, or perhaps Hymenoptera. In contrast, related Diglyphus species
parasitize only leaf-mining agromyzid Diptera. Other chalcidoids are extremely polyphagous.
Dibrachys cavus (Walker) is an example. This species, like several others, has an exceedingly
long host list that includes representatives of several orders. It usually develops as a primary
parasite, but frequently also acts as a facultative hyperparasite (Graham, 1969). No explanation
has been provided as to why one species should be so polyphagous and a closely related,
morphologically similar species should be stenophagous or even monophagous.
Likewise, there are associations between host stage attacked and the taxonomic assignment of
the parasite. For instance, the Trichogrammatidae and Mymaridae exclusively develop on the
egg stage of other insects and the spalangine pteromalids are pupal parasites (Annecke and
Doutt, 1961; Boucek, 1963; Doutt and Viggiani, 1968).
Chalcidoids parasitize more hosts in more different taxonomic categories than any other
group of parasitic insects. This spectrum extends from spider eggs (Desantisca) to aculeate
Hymenoptera {Melittobia, Leucospidae). A detailed account of the biology of chalcidoids
requires more space than is available here. However, a short summary of some interesting host
relationships is provided.
A bizarre host association is found in Ixodiphagus and Hunterellus (Encyrtidae) whose spe-
cies are primary, internal parasites of tick larvae and nymphs. These genera are cosmopolitan
and may prove to be beneficial insects in tick control (Cooley and Kohls, 1934; Cole, 1965; Doube
and Heath, 1975).
The mymarid Caraphractus cinctus Walker is unusual in that it parasitizes dytiscid beetle
eggs that are submerged beneath the surface of the water. The female parasite swims in the
water by vibrating her wings and oviposits in the host's eggs. Females have considerable dis-
criminative ability, and can detect eggs that have been parasitized (Jackson, 1958, 1966).
The Eucharitidae are parasitic on Formicidae. The association apparently is an old one, and
eucharitids oviposit on vegetation visited by worker ants. The eggs hatch, and the triungulin lar-
vae are phoretically transported to the ant nest. Inside the nest the triungulin larvae eventually
move into the brood chamber where they parasitize immature ants (Clausen, 1923; 1940 b,c).
Other information about host association of chalcidoids is limited by a lack of knowledge about
the immature stages of many groups of potential hosts. However, the higher taxonomic catego-
746 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
ries that include themost host species for chalcidoids include Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Diptera,
Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. Chalcidoids generally have failed to adapt to the nymphal stage
of paurometabolous insects. The host spectrum of chalcidoids is being expanded constantly by
more comprehensive biological studies of other insects. Given the diversity of habits, host as-
sociations, and stages attacked, it seems reasonable to conclude that any insect potentially in-
cludes several niches where a chalcidoid can develop.
All known Hymenoptera develop parthenogenetically and chalcidoids demonstrate three
types: arrhenotoky, thelytoky, and deuterotoky. Arrhenotoky is the most common type of
parthenogenesis among chalcidoids. Uninseminated arrhenotokous females deposit haploid eggs
that develop into hemizygous males. Inseminated arrhenotokous females produce female off-
spring from fertilized eggs and males from unfertilized eggs. Arrhenotoky is a mechanism
whereby lethal and deliterious genes can be relatively rapidly eliminated from a population and
superior genotypes can be relatively rapidly selected.
Thelytoky is parthenogenesis in which males are unknown or rare and females produce
females by various asexual mechanisms. Cytologically, diploidy is maintained by apomixsis and
automixsis. Apomixsis (ameiotic thelytoky) is characterized by an absence of meiosis, and
chromosome number is not reduced. Automixis (meiotic thelytoky) has reduction divisions, and
diploidy is maintained in several ways. Rossler and DeBach (1973) review the methods of main-
taining a constant chromosome number.
Thelytoky is common among parasitic Hymenoptera, but the extent of thelytoky in the Chalci-
doidea is not known because our knowledge of their biology is limited. Many species are known
from the original description only, and many species have been described from the female sex
only. Thelytoky may be more common than now realized. In the rather well known genus
Aphytis, DeBach (1969) records that about 30% of the species are thelytokous.
The evolutionary significance of thelytoky is an issue of debate. Traditional views hold that
thelytoky is an "evolutionary blind alley". However, Rossler and DeBach (1972) have shown that
at least one species of thelytokous chalcidoid has females that are capable of sexual reproduc-
tion.
Deuterotoky is parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop into both sexes. The
Polyembryony is a cytological phenomenon in which a single egg develops into many in-
dividual progeny. Among Hymenoptera the process occurs in the Platygastridae
(Proctotrupoidea) and copidosomatine Encyrtidae (Silvestri, 1906; Leiby, 1922, 1926).
Sex ratio in many species of animals approximates unity. In arrhenotokous chalcidoids the sex
ratio usually is female biased and fluctuates between 60 and 80 percent female. Numerous fac-
tors have been implicated in the determination of sex ratio including size, stage, or species of
host (Abdelrahman, 1974 a,b; Avidov and Podoler, 1968; Clausen, 1940 a), rate of oviposition
(Abdelrahman, 1974 b), egg orientation (King, 1961), genetic factors (Wilkes, 1964), differential
mortality (Roberts, 1933; Flanders, 1937; Abdelrahman, 1974 a), density fluctuations (Flanders,
1956), nutrition (Flanders, 1965; Moran et al., 1969), and many others. This
Hst could be
Mayr (1969) defines sibling species as "pairs or groups of closely related species which are
reproductively isolated but morphologically identical or nearly so." Recent studies of chalcidoids
have demonstrated that this group has many sibling species complexes (Hafez and Doutt, 1954;
Claridge and Askew, 1960; DeBach, 1959, 1960, 1969; Khasimuddin and DeBach, 1976, a,b,c;
Rao
and DeBach, 1969 a,b,c). These complexes suggest that chalcidoids are in an active state of
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 747
evolution and speciating rapidly. Factors of chalcidoid biology that promote rapid speciation in-
clude: (1) short generation time; (2) several generations per season; (3) intensive inbreeding via
sib mating; (4) microgeographic isolation; and (5) host preference.
Chalcidoids are the most important group in applied biological control. Other taxa (Tachinidae,
Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Proctotrupoidea) are used extensively in biological control, but spe-
cies-for-species chalcidoids have been used more successfully. DeBach (1964) lists 25 pest species
with which complete biological control was achieved. Chalcidoids are responsible for control in
13 of these programs, a number far greater than any other taxonomic group. Agricultural pests
in these control programs include many Homoptera, but some Coleoptera have also been con-
trolled by chalcidoids (Taylor, 1937; Tooke, 1953; Williams et a/., 1951).
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the comments and suggestions on the preceding account made
by the following individuals: Kenneth Cooper, Paul DeBach, Eric Grissell, Peter Price, and
David Rosen.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1 (4): 225-555. —Brues, 1910. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 18 (1): —
1-22 (Fossils). Nikol'skaya, 1952. Akad. Nauk SSSR 44, 593 pp.
-Boucek and Hoffer, 1957. Klic Zuireny CRS 2: 208-288. —DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 52 (4): 354-362. -DeBach, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53 (6): 701-705. -Annecke and
Doutt, 1961. Rep. So. Africa Dept. Agr. Tech. Serv., Ent. Mem. 5: 1-71. —Boucek, 1963.
Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 429-512. —Peck, Boucek, and Hoffer, 1964. Canad. Ent.
Soc, Mem. 34: 120 pp. —Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35 (20):
477-586. —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 1-300. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. London, 16: 908 pp. —Doutt, 1973. Pan-Pacific Ent. 49 (3):
221-228 (fossils). -Yoshimoto, 1975. Canad. Ent. 107 (5): 499-528 (fossils).
Biology: Silvestri, 1906. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 1: 17-64. -Smith, 1912. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser. 19 (4): 33-69. -Leiby, 1922. Jour. Morph. 37: 195-285. —Clausen,
1923. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 16 (3): 195-219. -Leiby, 1926. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 19 (3):
290-299. —Roberts, 1933. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 365: 1-21. —Cooley and Kohls, 1934.
5th Pacific Sci. Congr., Proc. 5: 3375-3381. —Flanders, 1937. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 6 (15):
401-422. —Taylor, 1937. Biol. Cont. Ins. Fiji 239 pp. —Clausen, 1940 a. Entomoph. Insects,
688 pp. -Clausen, 1940 b. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42 (8): 161-170. -Clausen, 1940 c. Wash.
Acad. Sci., Jour. 30: 504-516. -Whiting, 1940. Jour. Morph. 66 (2): 323-355. -Whiting, 1943.
Genetics 28: 365-382. —Whiting, 1945. Quart. Rev. Biol. 20: 231-260. -Williams et ai,
1951. Bui. Ent. Res. 42 (1): 23-28. -Tooke, 1953. Union So. Africa Dept. Agr., Ent. Mem. 3,
282 pp. —Flanders, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46 (4): 541-544. —Hafez and Doutt, 1954. Canad.
Ent. 86 (2): 90-96. —Flanders, 1956. Insectes Sociaux 3 (2): 322-334. —
daCunha and Kerr,
1957. Forma et Functios 1 (1): 33-36. —Jackson, 1958. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond., Trans. 110
(17): 533-556. -Doutt, 1959. Ann. Rev. Ent. 4: 161-182. -Flanders, 1959. Ent. Expt. et
Apl. 2 (2): 125-142.
—Claridge and Askew, 1960. Entomophaga 5 (2): 141-153.
—Grandi,
1961. Univ. Bologna Inst. Ent., Bol. 26: 1-13. -King, 1961. Nature 189 (4761): 330-331.
—Salt, 1961. Soc. Expt. Biol., Symp. 15: 96-119. — Zinna, 1961. Lab. Ent. Agr. "Filippo
Silvestri", Portici, Bol. 19: 301-358. —DeBach, 1964. in: Biol. Control Ins. Pests Weeds, pp.
673-713. —Doutt, 1964. in: Biol. Control Ins. Pests Weeds, pp. 145-167. —Wilkes, 1964.
Science 144 (3616): 305-307. —Cole, 1965. WHO-EBL 43: 65. —Flanders, 1965. Amer. Nat.
99: 489-494. —Broodryk and Doutt, 1966. Hilgardia 37 (9): 233-254. -Jackson, 1966. Roy.
Ent. Soc. Lond., Trans. 118 (2): 23-49. -Flanders, 1967. Entomophaga 12 (5): 415-427.
—Hill, 1967 a. Figs (Ficus spp.) of Hong. Kong, 130 pp. —Hill, 1967 b. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1:
413-434. —Avidov and Podoler, 1968. Israel Jour. Ent. 3 (1): 1-16. —
Mayr, 1969. Principles
Syst. Zool., 428 pp.
—
Moran et al., 1969. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond., Trans. 121 (2): 41-58.
—DeBach, 1969. Israel Jour. Ent. 4: 11-28. —Rao and DeBach, 1969 a. Hilgardia 39 (19):
515-553. -Rao and DeBach, 1969 b. Hilgardia 39 (19): 555-567. -Rao and DeBach, 1969 c.
Evolution 23: 525-533. —Ramirez, 1970 a. Univ. Kans., Sci. Bui. 49 (1): 1-44. —Ramirez,
1970 b. Evolution 24 (4): 680-691. —Askew, 1971. Parasitic Insects, 316 pp. —Slobodchikoff
and Daly, 1971. Amer. Zool. 11: 273-282. — Rossler and DeBach, 1972. Entomophaga 17 (4):
391-423. —Rossler and DeBach, 1973. Hilgardia 42 (5): 149-176. — Quezada, DeBach and
Rosen, 1973. Hilgardia 41 (18): 543-604. — Abdelrahman, 1974 a. Austral. Jour. Zool. 22 (2):
213-230. —Abdelrahman, 1974 b. Austral. Jour. Zool. 22 (2): 231-247. —DeBach, 1974. Biol.
Control by Nat. Enemies, 323 pp. — Crozier, 1975. Hymen. Anim. Cytogen. 3: Ins. 7, 95 pp.
748 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
-Doube and Heath, 1975. Jour. Med. Ent. 12 (4): 443-447. — Khasimuddin and DeBach,
1976 a. Entomophaga 21 (1): 81-92. —Khasimuddin and DeBach, 1976 b. Entomophaga 21 I
(1): 113-122. —Khasimuddin and DeBach, 1976 c. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69 (1): 15-20.
Family TORYMIDAE
By E. E. Grissell
I
This family, represented in every zoogeographical region, contains in excess of 70 genera and
600 species. Members of the subfamily Agaoninae are exclusively phytophagous. Most members
of the Megastigminae are phytophagous, but a few parasitic species are known in Europe. The
other subfamilies of Torymidae are largely parasitic, frequently on gall-forming insects. Hosts
are reported in the Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera.
Revision: Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 123 (Nearctic key). —
Hoffmeyer, 1930.
Ent. Meddel. 17: 232-285 (Palearctic key).— Nikol'skaya, 1952. Chalcid fauna of the U. S. S.
R., pp. 101-149 (Palearctic key; Eng. transl. 1963). —Joseph, 1964. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Proc, Ser. B. Taxonomy 33: 63-66 (classification).
Morphology: Breland, 1938. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 355-399. —Copland and King, 1972.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 124: 191-212 (female reproductive system).
Subfamily AGAONINAE
By B. D. Burks
The members of develop as gall makers within the fruits of figs, Ficus spp. As
this subfamily
Hill (1967) has stated, "Pollination of fig flowers is effected through a unique symbiotic associa-
tion with chalcid wasps. No other means of pollination is available to the plant, and in their turn
the wasps cannot develop anywhere except in the gall flowers of the figs."
Taxonomy: Grandi, 1963. Univ. Bologna, 1st. di Ent, Bol. 26: 319-373 (world cat. of genera
and spp.).
— Wiebes, 1966. Zool. Verhandel. 83, 44 pp. (world host list). —Hill, 1967. Figs of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong Univ. Press, pp. 91-98 (world genera).
Biology: Hill, 1967. Figs of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Univ. Press, pp. 7-12, 99-102.
Blastophagus Gravenhorst, 1827 (1826). Uebers. Arb. Schles. Gesell. Vaterland. Kultur, p.
23. Suppressed by Opinion 694, Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., 1964.
Taxonomy: China, 1960. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 18: 69-72 (request for validation of Blastophaga
Gravenhorst, 1829, and suppression of Blastophagus Gravenhorst, 1827). —Internatl.
Comn. Zool. Nomencl., 1964. Opinion 694, Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 21: 31-32 (validation of
Blastophaga Gravenhorst, type-species B. grossorum Gravenhorst). —Hill, 1967. Figs of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong Univ. Press, p. 91.
psenes (Linnaeus). Ariz., Calif.; worldwide in frost-free areas. Introduced from Algeria. Host:
Fruit of the inedible caprifig. First introduced into California in 1890 to
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 749
pollinate and thus improve the quality of cultivated edible figs. Ten years of effort
to
were required before this insect was successfully established. Fig wasp.
Cyyiips Psenes Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., sd. 10, p. 554. Norn, nud., but validated by
Opinion 694, Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., 1964.
Cynips Psenes Linnaeus, 1767. Syst. Natl., ed. 12, torn. 1, pars 2, p. 919.
Blastophaga grossorum Gravenhorst, 1829. Beitr. Ent., besonders in Bezug auf die Schles.
Fauna, v. 1, pp. 27-29.
Taxonomy: Condit and Enderud, 1956. Hilgardia 25: 64-85, 616 (bibliography on
caprification).
Biology: Grandi, 1929. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bel. 2: 1-145. —
Quayle, 1938. Insects
of Citrus and other Subtropical Fruits, pp. 408-416. —
Buscalioni and Grandi, 1938. R.
Univ. Bologna, 1st. Ent., Bol. 10: 245-266. -Joseph, 1954. Agra Univ., Jour. Res. (Sci.) 3:
408. —Grandi, 1955. Accad. Naz. dei Lincei, Atti, Mem., CI. Sci., (8) 5: 3. —Grandi, 1956.
Univ. Bologna, 1st. Ent., Bol. 21: 111. — Mrak, 1957. Food Tech. 11: 547. — Kuttamathiathu,
1958. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. et Biol. Anim., (11) 20: 201. — Serafimova, 1965. Akad. na Selsk.
Nauki. Gradinar., Nauka 2: 269.
Morphology: Grandi, 1929. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bol. 2: 1-145.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 315.
Subfamily IDARNINAE
By E. E. Grissell
Members of this subfamily are not well known taxonomically or biologically. All have been
reared from the receptacles of Ficus, but little exact biological information is available. Known
biologies indicate these wasps are parasitic upon pollinating Agaoninae.
Neosycophila Grandi, 1923. Geneva Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. 51: 106.
Type-species: Neosycophila omeomorpha Grandi. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 249.
-Burks, 1969. Fla. Ent. 52: 119-120.
bicolor (Ashmead). Fla.; W. Indies. Host: Ficus citrifolia.
Sycophila bicolor Ashmead, 1900. Ent. Soc. London, Trans, pp. 252, 335. 9,6.
Subfamily TORYMINAE
By E. E. Grissell
Revision: Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 122-126. -Hoffmeyer, 1930. Ent.
Meddel. 17: 232-285.
Taxonomy: Hobbs, 1948. Pan-Pacific Ent. 24: 95-96. —Goodpasture and Grissell, 1975. Canad.
Jour. Genet, and Cytol. 17: 413-422.
advenus (Osten Sacken). Conn., N. J., N. Y., D. C, N. La. Host: Asphondylia
C, Fla.,
rudbeckiae conspicua 0. S.; cecidomyiid gall in blossom of Vemonia noveboracensis;
Procecidochares atra (Loew); Andricus quercuspetiolicola (0. S.)?, Callirhytis
quercusventricosa (Bass.)?, Diastrophus nebulosus (0. S.)?
CalUmome a'dvena Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 59-60. 6, 9.
aea (Walker). N. Y., N. J., Pa., W. Va., Minn., Utah, Calif. Ecology: From seeds of Amelanchier
canadensis. Host: Megastigmus amelanchieris Cush.
CalUmome aea Walker, 1843. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 104. 9.
Syntomaspis amelaiicliieris Cushman, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 82-83. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Burks. 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 151.
Biology: Cushman, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 84. — Milliron, 1949. Amer. Midland Nat.
41: 393-395.
aeneoscapus (Huber). Wyo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: From gall on
Chrysothamniis. Host: Diarthronomyia artemisiae Felt, Rhopalomyia salviae Felt.
CalUmome aeneoscapum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 35. 9.
aereus (Huber). D. C, Va., Fla., Mo., Tex., Ariz. Ecology: From galls on Quercus laurifolia, Q.
macrocarpa/, Q. schneckii. Host: Dryocosmus imbricariae (Ashm.).
CalUmome aereum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 71. 9, <J.
alaskensis (Huber). Alaska.
CalUmome alaskensis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 31-32. 9.
anthomyiae Ashmead. Ga., Fla. Host: Chalcodermus inaequicoUis Horn; muscid leaf miner
(probably Pegomya sp.) of cultivated plant.
Torymus anthomyiae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 189. 9.
asteridis (Huber). N. H., Conn. Ecology: From cecidomyiid gall on aster.
CalUmome asteridis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 43. 9, 6.
atheatus Grissell. Tex., N. Mex., Idaho,
Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Ecology: From fruits of
Spkaeralcea.
Torymus atheatus Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 63. 9, 6.
atriplicis (Huber). Ariz., Calif. Host: Asphondylia neomexicana (Ckll.).
CalUmome atriplicis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 44. 9.
aucupariae (Rodzianko). Minn. Host: Probably Megastigmus aucupariae Ratz.
Syntomaspis auctipariae Rodzianko, 1908. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Bui. (n. s.) 21: 602. 9, cJ.
Biology: Doutt, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 51 (baccharicidis). —Burks, 1965.
Ent. News
65: 74-76 (host). —Force, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1675-1688 (baccharicidis).
—Force, 1974. Science 184: 624-632.
bedeguaris (Linnaeus). Que., Ont., 111., Iowa, Nebr., Alta., Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg., Nev.,
Calif.; Europe. Host: Diphlepis bicolor (Harris), D. ignota (0. S.), D. polita (Ashm.), D.
rosae (L.), D. tuberculatrix (CklL), D. variabilis (Bass.).
Ichneumon Bedeguaris Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 567. 9.
Torymus elegans Boheman, 1834. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 54: 352. 9,6.
Callimome divisus Walker, 1871. Notes on Chalcid., pt. 2, p. 34. 9.
Callimome dmpanim Mayr, 1874. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 24: 103. Misident. of
dnipanim Boheman.
Callimome chrysochlora Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 37-39. Misident., in
Taxonomy: Mayr, 1874. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 24: 103 (misdet. of druparum
Boheman). -Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 37-39. (misdet., in part, of
Callimome Cecidomyiae Walker, 1844. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 14: 15. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 753
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., bul. 32 (4): 151-152.
chrysochlorus (Osten Sacken). Conn.?, Colo., Alta., Idaho, Wash. Host: Diplolepiii bicolor
(Harris), D. dicliloceraa (Harris), D.fu^ifornians (Ashm.), D. lens Weld, D. polita
(Ashm.). Previous records for this species (Peck, 1963, Canad. Ent., Sup. 30, p. 538)
mostly apply to T. bedegiiaris and T. solitariiis. Records given here are only for those
specimens which I have examined.
Callimome chrysochlora Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 63-64. 9, S.
citripes (Huber). Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: From
stem gall on Helianthus lenticularis. Host: Euaresta bullans (Wied.). Gymnocarena
tricolor (Doane), Eutreta diana (0. S.).
Callimome citripes Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 48. 9, 6.
coccineus (Huber). Maine, Mass., Conn., Va. Host: Amphibolips confluenta (Harris), A.
quercusspongifica (0. S.).
Callimome coccineum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): '68-69. 9.
coeruleus (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: From gall on Rubus sp. Host: Amphibolips confluenta
(Harris).
Callimome coerulea Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxiii. 9,6.
coloradensis (Huber). Kans.(?), Colo., Idaho, Utah, Wash. Host: Cecidomyiid gall on Artemisia,
Dasiyieiira/ sp. on Helianthus.
Callimome coloradensis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 49. 9, 6.
cruentatus (Huber). Conn. Host: Cynipid leaf gall on Quercus virginiana.
Callimome cruentatum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 50-51. 9,6.
dasyneurae (Huber). Ohio, Tex., Wyo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Dasineura
ulmea Felt, Walslioniyia cupressi Gagne, W. sp. nr. juniperina Felt.
Callimome dasyneurae Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 56-57. 9,6.
dennoi Grissell. Calif. Host: Walshomyia sp. nr. juniperina Felt.
Torymus dennoi Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 26. 9, 6.
denticulatus (Breland). Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Mexico (Chihuahua). Ecology: From staminate flw.
gall on Quercus argrifolia, leaf gall on Q. utahensis and Q. turbinella. Host: Andricus
crystallinus Bass., A. kingi Bass., ^4. tostus (Kinsey), Antron clavuloides (Kinsey), A.
quercusechinus (0. S.) bisex. gen., Callirhytis uvellae Weld, Dros pedicellatum (Kinsey),
Dryocosmus dubiosus (Full.) bisex. gen., Sphaeroteras trimaculosum (Mck. and Eg.).
The host Andricus tostus is known only from Mexico.
Callimome denticulata Breland, 1939. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bul. 34: 85-86. 9, cJ.
diabolus Moser. N. Y. Host: Phytophaga sp. on Celtis occidentalis.
Torymus diabolus Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus., Sci. Ser., Bul. 402: 26-27. 9.
dryophantae (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Bassettia quercuscatesbaei (Ashm.).
Syntojuaspis dryophantae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 187. 9.
dubiosus (Huber). D. C. Ecology: From leaf gall on Carya.
Callimome diibiosum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 70 (14): 24-25. 9.
duplicatus (Huber). Que., south to Fla., west to Nebr. Host: Diastrophus cuscutaeformis 0. S.
Callimome duplicatum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 70 (14): 27-28. 9, 6.
durus (Osten Sacken). Conn., D. C. Host: Diplosis caryae 0. S.
Callimome dura Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 59. 6.
ebrius (Osten Sacken). Conn., N. J., D. C, Va., Ohio, Tex. Host: Lasioptera vitis 0. S.
Callimome ebria Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 58-59. 9,6.
elegantissimus (Ashmead). Ont.?, Fla. Host: Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Ashm.); Xanthoteras
quercusforticome (Walsh)?
Callimome elegantissima Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxiv. 9.
fagopirum (Provancher). Eastern seaboard to Fla., northern U. S., southern Canada. Host:
Dasineura rosarum (Hardy), D. serrulatae (0. S.), Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt;
754 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
festivus Robbs. Alaska, N. W. T., Oreg. Rost: Dasineiira sp. in seeds of Thuja and
Cliamaecyparis.
Torymus festivus Robbs, 1950. Pan-Pacific Ent. 26: 173-174. 9, cJ.
flavicoxa (Osten Sacken). Que., Maine, N. R., Mass., Conn., Ont., N. J., Va., B. C, Oreg., Calif.
Rost: Belonocnema treatae Mayr, Diastrophus nebulosus (0. S.), Diplolepis radicum (0.
S.), D. terrigena Weld, Liposthenes glechomae (L.).
Callimome flavicoxa Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 61. 9.
Cleonymus superbus Provancher, 1888. Nat. Canad. 17: 407. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1257.
Ashmead. Conn.?, Kans.
flaviventris
Torymus flaviventris Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. iv. 9.
floridensis Peck. Fla. Ecology: From gall on Quercus phellos or Q. laurifolia. Rost:
Amphibolips quercusfuliginosa (Ashm.).
Callimome robustum Ruber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 72. 9. Preocc. by
Ratzeburg, 1852.
Torymus floridensis Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 523.
N. name.
frankiei Grissell. Calif. Rost: Walshomyia cupressi Gagne.
Torymus frankiei Grissell, 1973. Pan-Pacific Ent. 49: 236. 9, i.
fullawayi (Ruber). Ariz., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico (Michoacan). Rost: Andricus
quercuscalifomicus (Bass.), A. tibialis (Kinsey), Callirhytis quercusagrifoliae (Bass.), C.
quercuspomiformis (Bass.), Disholcaspis plumbella Kinsey, Dryocosmus dubiosus
(Full.) unisex, and bisex. gen., Heteroecus pacificus (Ashm.).
Syntomaspis caerulea FuUaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 275. 9. Preocc. by
Ashmead, 1881.
Callimome fullaivayi Ruber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 19. N. name.
hircinus Ashmead. Va. (? lapsus for w. Va.), W. Va. Ecology: From twig gall on willow.
Torymus hircinus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 333. 9, S.
hirsutus (Huber). Ariz. Host: Tanaostigviodes stem gall on Acacia greggii.
Callimome hirsntum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 74. 9, S.
huberi (Hoffmeyer). Tex. Host: Cecidomyiid? gall on Celtis sp.
Callimome tarsale Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 76. 6, 9. Preocc. by
Walker, 1833.
Callimome huberi Hoffmeyer, 1929. Ent. Meddel. 16: 333. N. name.
kinseyi (Huber). Mont., Idaho, Utah, Nev., Calif. Host: Diarthonomyia artemisiae Felt,
cecidomyiid galls on Chrysothaninus and Erigeron, Trypeta sp. on Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus.
Callimome kinseyi Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 44. 9, 6.
koebelei (Huber). Tex., Mont., Wyo., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Nev., Calif.; Mexico
(Nuevo Leon). Host: Rhopalomyia califoniica Felt.
Callimome koebelei Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 52. 9, 6.
Biology: Doutt, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 51. —Force, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63:
1675-1688. -Force, 1974. Science 184: 624-632.
larreae Grissell. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.
Torymus larreae Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 76. 9, 6.
lissus (Walker). Fla., 111. Ecology: From leaf gall on Quercus laurifolia. Host: Belonocnema
treatae Mayr, Disholcaspis qiiercusoninivora (Ashm.), D. qiiercusvirens (Ashm.).
Callimome lissus Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 1: 150. 6.
Callimome aenea Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxiii. 9, 3.
Callimome dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiii. 9.
Torymus ovtnivorae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 188. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 152.
lividus (Ashmead). Fla., La.
Callimome lividus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiii. 9.
longior Brodie. Ont., N. Dak., Tex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Trishoromomya helianthi (Brodie).
Torymus longior Brodie, 1894. Biol. Rev. Ontario 1: 45-46. 9.
longiscapus Grissell. Calif. Host: Callirhytis agrifoliae (Ashm.).
Torymus longiscapus Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 78. 9, 6.
longistigmus (Huber). Idaho, Wash., Calif. Host: Woody cecidomyiid gall on willow.
Callimome longistigmum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 47. 9, 6.
magnificus (Osten Sacken). N. H., Conn., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Fla., Kans., Colo., Utah. Host:
Diplolepis radicum (0. S.).
Callimome rnagnifica Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 62. 9, 6.
nitidulus Walker. Maine, Mont.; Europe, Asia. Host: Oligotrophus betulae Winn. The host was
recorded in Europe.
Callimome nitidulus Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 138. S.
Torymus pallidicomis Boheman, 1834 (1833). Svensk. Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 56: 363. 9.
Taxonomy: Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus., Sci. Ser., Bui. 402: 22, 33-34.
pavidus Say. Ind. Type material destroyed.
Torymus pavidus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 275. <J.
perplexus (Huber). Oreg. Host: Besbiciis mirabilis (Kinsey).
Callimome perplexum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 49. 9.
persimilis Ashmead. Va., (? lapsus for W. Va.), W. Va. Host: Cecidomyiid gall on willow.
Torymus persimilis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 334. 9.
potamius Grissell. Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Pontania sp. galls.
Torymus potamius Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 34-35. 9, 6.
rudbeckiae Ashmead. Ont., Colo. Ecology: From gall on Riidbeckia sp. Host: Cecidomyiid on
Desmodium grandiflorum.
Torymus rudbeckiae Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 26, 45. 9, 6.
rugglesi Milliron. Del., Md., Va. Ecology: From Ilex opaca seeds.
Torymus rugglesi Milliron, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52: 52. 9, 6.
scalaris (Huber). Fla., Wis., Kans., Tex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Pachypsylla celtidisgemma Riley.
Callimome scalaris Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 70 (14): 21. 9, 6.
solidaginis (Huber). Conn., N. Y., N. C. Host: Cecidomyiid.
Callimome solidaginis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 70 (14): 92. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 757
solitarius (Osten Sacken). Colo., Alta., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Nev., Calif. Host:
Diastrophus kincaidii Gill., Diplolepis bicolor (Harris), D. spinosa (Ashm.), D.
tuberculatrix (Ckll.).
Callimo})ie solitaria Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 64. 9.
Callimome rosae Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 35-36. 9.
Callimome tubularis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 39-40. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 37-39 (misdet., in part, of
clirysochlora Osten Sacken).
splendidulus Dalla Torre. Ont. Host: Mayetiola rigidae (0. S.).
Callimome splendidiis Walker, 1844. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 14: 14. Preocc. by Foerster,
1841.
Torymus splendidulus Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 313. N. name.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 152-153.
subcalifornicus Grissell. Oreg., Calif. Host: Trichoteras vaccinifoliae (Ashm.).
Torymus subcalifornicus Grissell, 1976. Univ. Calif. Pubs. Ent. 79: 44. 9, S.
sulcatus (Huber). Oreg., Calif. Host: Disholcaspis truckeensis (Ashm.), Heteroecus flavens
(McC. and Egb.).
Callimome sulcatum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 22. 9.
texanus (Hoffmeyer). Tex., Ariz.; Mexico (Monterey). Host: Amphibolips globulus Beut., A.
trizonata Ashm., Atnisca aggregata (Weld), A. bella (Bass.), A. congesta (Kinsey), A.
simulatrix (Kinsey), Discholcaspis ciuerosa (Bass.).
Callimome texanum Hoffmeyer, 1930. Ent. Meddel. 17: 213. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 153.
thompsoni Fyles. Que. Ecology: From plum fruit.
Torymus Thomsoni Fyles, 1904 (1903). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 34: 10-11. 9.
Torymus thompsoni Fyles, 1916 (1915). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 55. Emend.
tubicola (Osten Sacken). Que., Mass. to N. C. and Ohio, Mo., La., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Utah,
Ariz., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico (Baja California Norte, Nayarit). Host: Acraspis villosa Gill.,
Amphibolips globulus Beut., ^4. quercuscitriformis (Ashm.), A. quercusinanis (0. S.), A.
quercusspongifica (0. S.), Andricus crystallinus Bass., A. kingi Bass., A.
quercuscalifomicus (Bass.), A. quercusflocci (Walsh), A. quercuspetiolicola (Bass.), A.
reniformis McC. and Egb., Antroyi dumosae (Kinsey)?, A. quercusechinus (0. S.), A.
douglasii (Ashm.), Atrusca bella (Bass.), A. congesta (Kinsey), A. simulatrix (Kinsey),
A. vanescens (Kinsey), Belonocnema kinseyi Weld, Besbicus conspicuus (Kinsey), B.
7nirabilis (Kinsey), B. multipunctatus (Beut.), Callirhytis congregata (Ashm.), C.
quercusoperator (0. S.), C. quercuspom iformis (Bass.), C. quercusventricosa (Bass.), C.
seyniiiator (Harr.), C. tubicola (0. S.), Disholcaspis cinerosa (Bass.), D. Colorado (Gill.),
D. corallina (Bass.), D. plumbella Kinsey, D. quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. quercusmamma
(Walsh), D. rubens (Gill.), D. simulata Kinsey, D. s. vancouverensis Kinsey, D. terrestris
Weld, Dros pedicellatuni (Kinsey), Dryocosmus castanopsidis (Beut.), Heteroecus
pacificus (Ashm.), Trichoteras vacciniifoliae (Ashm.), Xanthoteras politum (Bass.).
Callimome tubicola Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 60. 6, 9.
Callimome melanocerae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiii. 9.
Callimome citriformi Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiii. 9.
Syntomaspis citriformis Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 187. Emend.
Callimome castanopsidis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 64-65. 9, i.
Callimome giganticum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 65-66. 9, 6.
758 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Callimome gahani Ruber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 69. 9, cJ. A questionable
synonym.
Callimome rubenidis Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 78. 9, d.
Callunome yninutissunum Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 78-79. 9.
umbilicatus (Gahan). Tex., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Morelos,
Puebla, Sonora). Ecology: From flower heads of Viguiera deltoidea and Senecio
douglasii.Host: Asphondylia neomexkana (CklL), A. sp. bud and flower galls on
Clematis dniynmondii, Lasioptera sp. on Aster spinosus, cedidomyiid galls on Ambrosia
sp. (terminal stem), Larrea sp. (stem), Mimulus sp., Schrankia sp. (seed pod gall),
Suaeda sp.; tephritid stem gall on Eupatorium adenophorum.
Syntomaspis umbilicata Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 12: 163. 9,6.
Callimome tricolor Huber, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 70 (14): 96. 9, S.
varians (Walker). N. S., Que., Maine, Vt., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Pa., Va., N. C, Ohio, Mich., Man.,
B. C; Europe. Ecology: From seeds of apple, Crataegus spp., Malus silvestris, Pyrus
spp., Sorbus intermedia, and S. latifolia^
Callimome varia7is Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 122. 9.
Torymus druparum Boheman, 1834 (1833). Svensk. Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 54: 361.
Taxonomy: Eady, 1958. Ent. Monthly Mag. 94: 260 {Syntomaspis Foerster). — Olsson, 1957.
Vaxtskyd. 21: 58 (syn.: druparum Boheman).
Biology: Crosby, 1909. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 369-375. -Cushman, 1916.
Jour. Agr. Res. 7: 487. -Knight, 1922. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 410: 490.
—Lathrop, 1936. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 384: 392. —Hammer, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent.
32: 259-264. —Lathrop and Dirks, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 199-204. —Frost, 1951. Pa.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 535: 19, 22, 28.
vesiculi Moser. N. Y., s. to Ga., w. to Idaho and Ariz. Host: Pachypsylla celtidismamma Riley,
P. celtidisvesicula Riley.
Torymus vesiculi Moser, 1956. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 29: 58. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1259 (prob. = zabriskiei Cresson).
zabriskiei Cresson. N. Y., N. J., W. Va., Kans., B. C, Calif. Host: Crossocerus fergusoni Pate,
C. insolens (Fox), Ectemnius lapidarius (Panz.), E. stirpicola (Pack.), E. {Hyprocrabro)
pauciviaculatus (Pack.), E. (H.) spiniferus (Fox), Euplilis (Corynopus) arapaho Pate, E.
(C) mfigaster (Pack.), Ceratina dupla Say.
Diomorus zabriskiiV-) Cresson, 1878. Psyche 2: 189. 9.
Diomorus zabriskiei Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck, et. al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
527. Valid emend.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 759
Biology: Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 32, 67. — Krombein, 1964. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77:
102-103.
Subfamily ERIMERINAE
By E. E. Grissell
Taxonomy: Peck, et al., 1964. Ent. Soc. Canad., Mem. 34: 21 (placed as Monodontomerinae).
femoratus Gahan. Calif. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Pseuderimerus femoratus Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 32-33. 9.
mayetiolae Gahan. Calif. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Pseuderimerus viayetiolae Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 125. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 10-13.
Biology: Packard, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 81: 14. —Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept.
Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 30-32.
semiflavus Gahan. Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Calif. Host:
Pseuderimerus semiflavus Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 33. 9.
Subfamily MONODONTOMERINAE
By E. E. Grissell
The Monodontomerinae are a loose assemblage of taxa not particularly well defined
morphologically or biologically. All species are parasitic, with hosts in the Diptera, Hymenop-
tera, Lepidoptera,and Coleoptera.
760 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Crawford, 1914. Ent. See. Wash., Proc. 16: 123-124 (key to genera). Szelenyi,
—
1957. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat., n. s., 8: 381-388 (key to genera). —Szelenyi,
1960. Acad. Sci. Hungarici, Acta Zool. 5: 141-146 (rev. key to genera).
Taxonomy: Nikol'skaya, 1952. Chalcid fauna of the U. S. S. R. 44: 135 (Holarctic. Eng. transl.
1963). -Burks, in Butler and Hansen, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 224.
Biology: Neunzig and Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 899-901.
insuetus Gahan. Nebr., Kans., Okla., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Holarctic. Host:
Bruchophagus gibbus (Boh.)?, B. platyptera (Walk.), B. roddi (Guss.).
Liodontomerus insuetus Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 208. 9.
longfellowi (Girault). N. Y., Md., Va., W. Va., Ohio, Mich., Minn., Iowa, S. Dak., Utah, Idaho,
Oreg.; Holarctic. Host: Bruchophagus gibbus (Boh.), B. platyptera (Walk.) complex.
Idiomacromenis longfellowi Girault, 1917 (May 14). Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum
cum Observ. Ill, p. 8. 9, S.
Liodontomerus secundus Gahan, 1917 (May 26). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 208. 9,6.
Biology: Urbahns, 1919. Jour. Agr. Res. 16: 169-170. —Butler and Hansen, 1958. Pan-Pacific
Ent. 34: 227.
perplexus Gahan. Iowa, S. Dak., Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Holarctic. Host: Bruchophagus platyptera
(Walk.) complex.
Liodontomerus perplexus Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 159. 9,6.
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 86-308. —Muesebeck
and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 19-20. —Burgess and Grossman, 1929. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 77-80. -Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 361-376. —Clausen,
1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 114-116. -Wilbert, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 203.
-Blunck and Wilbert, 1962. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 50: 203.
bakeri Gahan. Colo.
Monodontomerus bakeri Gahan, 1941. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 90: 475. 9.
dementi Grissell. Wyo. Host: Dianthidium heterulkei Schwarz.
Monodontomerus dementi Grissell, 1973. Pan-Pacific Ent. 49: 235. 9, 6.
dentipes (Dalman). Que., Maine, Conn., Ont., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ohio, Mich., Wis., Idaho.;
Holarctic. Host: Orgyia pseudotsugata (McD.); Tachinidae; Diprion similis (Htg.),
Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Rogas unicolor (Wesm.).
Torymus dentipes Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 173, 178. 6, 9.
Monodontomerus viridaeneus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 290. 9.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 37, 39, 44 (immature stages).
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 377-380, 389, 391. —Finlayson
and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 558-559. —
Drooz and Fedde, 1972. Environ. Ent. 1:
522-523.
minor (Ratzeburg). Conn., N. Y., south to Va., west to Calif.; Europe. Host: Thyridopteryx
ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Phryganidia califomica Pack., Samia cynthia (Drury),
Malacosoma americana (F.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Choristoyieura fumiferana
(Clem.)?; Gambrus extrematis (Cress.). Recorded as hyperparasite of Lepidoptera in
European literature.
Torymus viinor Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 178. 9, cJ.
Monodontomerus subobsoletus Gahan, 1941. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 90: 480. 9, S.
Biology: Linsley and McSwain, 1942. Amer. Midland Nat. 27: 403, 409-412.
obscurus Westwood. N. Md., Pa., D. C, W. Va., Ga., Mo., Iowa, Idaho; Holarctic. Host:
Y.,
Os7nia cordata Robt., 0. lignaria Say, Megackile pacifica (Panzer).
Monodontomerus obscurus Westwood, 1833. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and
Jour. Sci. (3) 2: 443. 9.
Taxonomy: Steffan, 1952. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Bui. (2) 24: 289-290. — Eady, 1958. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 94: 269.
Biology: Eves, 1970. Melanderia (Wash. State Ent. Soc.) 4: 1-18. — Hobbs and Krunic, 1971.
Canad. Ent. 103: 674-685.
Morphology: Radu and Botoc, 1968. Stud. Univ. Babes, Bolyai Ser. Biol. 13: 71-76 (female
genitalia).
saltuosus Grissell. N. Mex., Calif. Host: Orgyia pseudotsugata (McD.).
Monodontoynerus saltuosus Grissell, 1973. Pan-Pacific Ent. 49: 232-233. 9, 6.
Zaglyptonotus schwarzi Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 126. 9.
Biology: Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 46: 168. — Needham, 1948. Ecol. Monog.
18: 446.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1970. R. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 27: 28-32 (Palearctic spp.).
stigma (Fabricius). Que. to Fla., Oreg., Calif.; Europe, Japan. Host: Diplolepis rosae (L.);
Melitoma taurea (Say).
Ichneumon stigma Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System, v. 2, p. 188.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 763
Oligosthenus bimaculatus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 196.
9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 235.
Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 483-488. — Knowlton and Janes, 1933.
Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 11-12.
Holaspis Mayr, 1874. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 24: 83. Preocc. by Lankester, 1873
(Pisces).
Type-species: Torymus militaris Boheman. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Pseudotorymus Masi, 1922. Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. 49: 235. N. name for
Holaspis Mayr.
lazulellus (Ashmead). N. B., Que., Conn., w. to Colo. Ecology: From clover heads; oak galls.
Host: Hartnolita sp. in rye stems, H. sp. in timothy stems.
Syyitomaspis lazulella Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 26, 45. 9.
Biology: Webster, 1893. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6: 151. —Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc 22: 237.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 25-30.
Biology: Hill, Pinckney, and Udine, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 5, 10, 13.
—Chamberlain, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 25-28, 35-38.
764 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 6, 11-13.
Taxonomy: Pierce, Cushman, and Hood, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Bui. 100: 1, 31, 49,
57-62.
Subfamily MEGASTIGMINAE
By E. E. Grissell
Biology: Lessmann, 1962. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 49: 363-371 (immature stages).
— Lessmann,
1962. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 50: 233-241 (host plants).
aculeatus aculeatus (Swederus). Mass., N. Y., N. C, Ohio, III; Europe, Iran, Japan, China.
Host: Rosa canina, R. eglanteria, R. virginiana, R. paiustris^
Pteromalus Aculeatus Swederus, 1795. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 16: 221-222. 9.
Taxonomy: Balduf, 1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 479-483. — Balduf, 1959. 111. Biol. Monog.
26: 124-130 (also biology).
aculeatus nigroflavus Hoffmeyer. N. J. and Pa., south to Va., west to 111.; Japan, Russia. Host:
Rosa eglanteria, R. gallica, R. multiflora, R. virginiana.
Megastigmus aculeatus var. nigroflavus Hoffmeyer, 1931. Ent. Meddel. 16: 324-326. 9, cJ.
Biology: Balduf, 1969. 111. Biol. Monog. 26: 124-126.
albifrons Walker. Ariz., Calif. Host: Pinus ponderosa.
Megastigmus albifrons Walker, 1869. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 314. 6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 151.
Megastigmus americanus Milliron, 1949. Amer. Midland Nat. 41: 285, 347, 349, 365. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 172.
atedius atedius Walker. Ont., Colo., Calif.; Europe. Host: Picea engelmannii?, P. pungens, P.
sitchensis; Abies arizonicaL Introduced into Europe from No. America.
Megastigvms Atedius Walker, 1851. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 214. 9.
Megastigmus piceae Rohwer, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 97-98. 9,6.
Megastigmus zwolferi Scheffer-Immel, 1957. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 41: 52-57. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1970. Ent. Gaz. 21: 265-267 (synonymy).
Biology: Milliron, 1949. Amer. Midland Nat. 41: 363-365, 393, 402.
Taxonomy: Hussey and Klingler, 1954. Ent. Monthly Mag. 90: 198-201.
Taxonomy: Balduf, 1945. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 47: 185-198. —Milliron, 1949. Amer. Midland
Nat. 41: 373-390. -Balduf, 1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 478-483. -Balduf, 1959. 111.
Biol. Monog. 26: 130-145. -Boucek, 1971. Ent. Gaz. 22: 43-46.
physocarpi Crosby. Que., Ont., Mich., Ind., Minn., Mo., Idaho. Host: Physocarpus opulifolius, P.
opulifolius var. intertnedius.
Megastigmus physocarpi Crosby, 1913. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 6: 158. 9, 6.
pinus pinus Parfitt. Conn., Colo., Wash., Oreg., Nev., CaHf.; Scotland. Host: Abies amabilis, A.
concolor, A. grandis, A. lasiocarpa, A. magnifica, A. magnifica var. shastensis, A.
nobilis, A. vemista, Picea sitchensis/, Thuja plicata/
Megastigmus Pinus Parfitt, 1857. Zoologist 15: 5543. 9.
Megastigmus pinus var. crosbyi Hoffmeyer, 1930. Ent. Meddel. 17: 215. 9.
Biology: Laidlaw, 1931. Scot. Forestry Jour. 45: 179-184. —Hussey and Klingler, 1954. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 90: 198-201 (pinus Parfitt and var. crosbyi Hoffmeyer). —Keen, 1958. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 106-108. -Hussey, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 237.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 767
rafni Hoffmeyer. Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Abies concolor, A. grandis, A.
ynagnifica, A. magnifica var. shastensis, Pseudotsuga taxifolia?
Megastigjnus rafni Hoffmeyer, 1928. Ent. Meddel. 16: 331. 9.
Eumegastigmus Hussey, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 25: 157.
Type-species: Eumegastigmus hypogea Hussey. Orig. desig.
transvaalensis Hussey. Calif.; S. Africa, Canary Isls. Host: Schinus molle seeds.
Eumegastigvuis transvaalensis Hussey, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B:
Taxonomy 25: 161. 9, J.
Biology: Harper and Lockwood, 1961. Calif. Dept. Agr., Bui. 50: 129.
Subfamily PODAGRIONINAE
By E. E. Grissell
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1955. Soc. Roy. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 27: 207. —Burks, 1958. In
Krombein, et al^U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1: 82. — Habu, 1962. Faun. Jap.,
Chalcid., Leucospid., Podagrionid., p. 178.
Bactyrischion Costa, 1857. Accad. della Sci. Fis. e Mat. Napoli, Mem. (A)
2: 223.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1955. Soc. Roy. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 27: 216.
brasiliense Howard. Fla.; W. Indies. Host: Mantid egg mass.
Podagrion brasilieyisis Howard, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 83. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 176.
crassiclava Gahan, Fla., Tex., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Mantis sp., Stagmomantis limbata (Hahn).
Podagrion crassiclava Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 6. 9, cJ.
mantidiphagum Girault. Ariz.; Mexico, W. Indies. Host: Egg mass of undet. mantid.
Podagrion mantidiphagum Girault, 9117. Entomologist 50: 37. 9, cJ.
mantis Ashmead. N. J. to Fla., w. to Mo., La., Kans., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico, Hawaii. Host:
Stagmomantis Carolina (Johan.), S. limbata (Hahn)?, Tenodera angustipennis Sauss., T.
aridifolia sine^isis Sauss.
Podagrion mantis Ashmead, 1886. Canad. Ent. 18: 57. 9 .
By E. E. Grissell
Diomorus biorkizae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 186. 9. Ont. Host: Xanthoteras
quercusforticome (Walsh).
1967. In Krombein, et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 250
Taxonomy: Burks,
(Probably a species of Torymus; type apparently lost).
Lochites punctata Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 185. S. Fla.
Family PTEROMALIDAE
By B. D. Burks
This isthe largest and most difficult family of the Chalcidoidea. Almost all species are
parasitic, but a very few are gall formers,
a few are phytophagous, and some others should be
considered to be predaceous. The latter feed, as larvae, on a succession of eggs or larvae of their
prey, while enclosed within stems of grasses or other herbaceous plants.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 769
Revision: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 1-24 (genera). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 1-908 (British and North Western European species, with
numerous North American forms considered).
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 270-285, 311-334. —
Girault, 1913-1915.
Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 303-334; 3: 313-346; 4: 185-202. —
Boucek, 1957. In Kratochvil,
Klic. Zvireny CSR, v. 2, pp. 220-242 (Eng. transl., 1964.. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 34: 26-58).
— Riek, 1970. In CSIRO, Ins. Australia, pp. 920-923.
Subfamily ORMYRINAE
Genus MONOBAEUS Foerster
Ormyrus Westwood, London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour.
1832. Sci. (3) 1: 127.
Ormyrus ventricosus Ashmead, 1887 (Nov.). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 189. 6.
quercus Ashmead. Fla. Ecology: Emerges from twig gall of Callirhytis quercusbatatoides
(Ashm.) on Quercus virginiana.
Ormyrus quercus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 128. 9,3.
rosae Ashmead. N. J., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., and Colo. Ecology: Emerges from leaf gall of
Diplolepis ignota (0. S.) on Rosa.
Ormyrus rosae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiv. 9.
Subfamily PERILAMPINAE
Taxonomy: Riek, 1966. Austral. Jour. Zool. 14: 1207-1236 (subfam. of Pteromalidae).
Taxonomy: Glover, 1878. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1877, p. 101. —Crawford, 1914. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 69.
Morphology: Burks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 161 (venation).
Revision: Smulyan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 369-412. — Steffan, 1952. Soc. Ent. de
France, Bui. 57: 68-74 (Palearctic spp.).
anomocerus Crawford. N. C, Colo., Idaho.
Perilampus anomocerus Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 16: 72. 9, 6.
canadensis Crawford. Que., Ont., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., Minn., La. Host: Ectemnius
(Hypocrabro) continuus (F.), E. (H.) stirpicola (Pack.), E. (//.) paucimaculatus (Pack.),
Eziplilis sp.
Perilaynpus canadensis Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 74. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1958. Opusc. Ent. 23: 82 (difficult to separate from Palearctic sp.).
Biology: Smith, 1917. Psyche 24: 66-68. -Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 275.
—Clancy, 1946. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 7: 440-448.
crawfordi Smulyan. N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Va.
Perilampus crawfordi Smulyan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 384. 9, 6.
fulvicornis Ashmead. Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Zenillia sp.; Agathis
acrobasidis (Cush.), A. pini Mues., Apanteles sp., A. cacoeciae Riley, A. epinotiae Vier.,
Ascogaster sp., A. quadridentata Wesm., Bracon variabilis (Prov.), Calliephialtes
grapholithae (Cress.), Macrocentrus pallisteri DeG., Meteorus sp., M. trachynotus Vier.,
Orgilus inaculivetitris (Cress.), Parasierota punctaticeps Kief., Phanerotoma fasciata
Prov., P. tibialis (Hald.), Pimplopterus inconstans (Cush.), Temelucha cooki (Weed).
Perilanipisd) fulviconiis Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 126. 6.
Taxonomy: Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 517. — Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1261
(larva).
Biology: Nickels et al.. 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 20-21. -Judd, 1952. Nova
Scotia Inst. Sci., Proc. 22: 2. —
Raizenne, 1952. Canad. Div. Forest Biol., Forest Lep. South.
Ont. and Par., p. 170. -Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53: 62-63. -Miller, 1955. Ohio Jour. Sci.
55: 317-319. —Miller and Neiswander, 1956. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 779: 19.
— Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 87. — Beique, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92:
859. —Bennett, 1961. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 353. — Harman and Kulman, 1962. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. —
Guajardo and Ortiz, 1966. Soc. Nuevoleon Hist. Nat., Bol. 1: 45.
gahani Smulyan. Colo., N. Mex.
Perilampus gahani Smulyan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 401. 6.
granulosus Crawford. N. J., s. to Ala., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana fragariae
W. and R., Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.). Almost certainly a secondary parasite of
these hosts.
Perilampus graiiulosus Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 73. 9, 6.
hyalinus Say. Que., Ont., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, and Calif. Host: Acemyia tibialis Coq.,
Acridomyia canadensis Snyder, Blaeoxipha atlanis (Aid.), B. hunteri (Hough), B. kellyi
(Aid.), B. reversa (Aid.), Blepharipa scutellata (R.-D.), Compsilura concinnata (Meig.),
Diplostichus lophyri (Towns.), Helicobia rapax (Walk.), Lespesia euchaetiae (Web.), L.
frenchii (Will.), L. melalophae (Allen), Mericia aldrichi (Towns.), M. ampela (Walk.),
Sarcophaga sp., Seyiotainia trilineata (V. d. W.), Servaisia coloradensis (Aid.);
Apanteles hyphantriae Riley, A. melanoscelus (Ratz.), Campoplex sp., C. validus
(Cress.),Diprion sp., Hyposoter fugitivus Say, H. pilosulus (Prov.), Meteorus
hyphantriae Riley, Microplitis croceipes (Cress.), Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.), Neodiprion
abbotii (Leach), N. lecontei (Fitch), N. pinetum (Nort.), N. pratti banksia^iae Roh., N.
pratti (Dyar), N. sivainei Midd., N. virginiana Roh., Phobocampe pallipes (Prov.). This
may be a species complex, rather than a single species; careful rearings have produced
specimens, at present indistinguishable, that are either primary or secondary parasites.
Perilampus hyalimis Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Phila. 1: 79.
Perilampus Entellus Walker, 1843. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 12: 103. 9, 6.
Perilampus cyaneus Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 573.
Perilampus aciculatus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 199. 9.
772 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 499-501 (larvae). —Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad.
Ent. 95: 1259-1260 {aciculatus Prov.). —Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32:
150 {entellus; syn., lectotype).
Biology: Cook and Davis, 1891. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 76: 16. —
Quaintance and Brues,
1905. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 50: 122. -Smith, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent,
Tech. Ser. 19: 34-63. -Thompson, 1915. Bui. Sci. France et Belg. 48: 321-324, 339-348
1916. Science 44: 925-926.
(planidium). —Smith, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 481. -Smith,
—Smith, 1917. Psyche 24: 64-68. —Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 272, 300.
—Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 373. —Decker, 1935. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 9: 569.
-Flanders, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 970. -Frisch, 1937. Psyche 43: 84-85. -Lai, 1939.
Current Sci. 8: 58. -Smith, 1940 (1939). Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 70: 61-62. -Salt, 1941.
Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol. Rev. 16: 252. -Baldwin and Coppel, 1950 (1949). Canad. Ent.
81: 244. —Craighead, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657: 612.
— Raizenne, 1952. Canad.
Div. Forest Biol., Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par., p. 31. —Smith, 1958. Canad. Jour. Res.
36: 254-258. —Tripp, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1251. — Riordan, 1963. Canad. Jour. Zool. 41:
1242. —Becker and Benjamin, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 356. —
Medler, 1965. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 58: 140. —
Huggans and Blickenstaff, 1966. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 903:
36. -Wilkinson et ai, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 791. —
Hinks, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103:
182-187.
laevis Provancher. Described from Ont. but probably not North American. Boucek, 1974 (Jour.
Ent. (B) 43: 134) has described a new genus, Peckianus, for this species and places it in
the Eutrichosomatinae.
Perilampus laevis Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 199. 9.
lepreos Walker. Ga. Type lost.
Perilampus lepreos Walker, 1946. List. Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., v. 1, p. 89.
Biology: Raizenne, 1952. Canad. Div. Forest Biol, Forest Lep. South.
Ont. and Par., pp.
243-244.
stygicus Provancher. Que., Maine, s. to Va., w. to Kans., La. Host: Macrocentrus sp.
Perilampus stygicus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 406. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1260.
subcarinatus Crawford. N. Y., Ala., Tex., Nebr., Colo., Idaho, Calif.
Perilampus subcarinatus Crawford, 1914. Ent. See. Wash., Proc. 16: 70. 9.
Perilampus bakeri Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 72. ?, d.
tristis Mayr. N. Y., s. to Va., w. to Mich, and Ky.; Europe. Host: Ascogaster quadridentata
Wesm., Cremastiis sp.
Perilampus tristis Mayr, 1905. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 55: 564. 9, 6.
Perilampus bataviis van Burgst, 1919 (1918). Tijdschr. v. Ent. 61: 146.
Perilampus capitatus Smulyan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 397. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Ruschka, 1924. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 1: 93 (syn.).
— Steffan, 1952. Soc. Ent. de
France, Bui. 57: 69, 72 (syn.).
Biology: Bergold and Ripper, 1937. Ztschr. f. Parasitenk. 9: 394-417. -Simmonds, 1944. Sci.
AgT. 25: 1-30. —
Jaynes and Marucci, 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40: 11-12. Geier, 1957. Rev.
—
Suisse de Zool. 64: 514. —
Zech, 1959. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 44: 214. Zwolfer, 1963. —
Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 51: 352. —
Balduf, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 1046-1049.
— Gothilf, 1969. Entomophaga 14: 199.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 265, 275 (larva). — Domenichini,
1953. Univ. Milano, Bol. Zool. e Bach. 19: 229 (gaster).
Chrysolavipus Spinola, 1811. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Ann. 17: 147.
Type-species: Diplolepis splendid^da Spinola. Monotypic.
Elatus Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., v. 2, pp. 104, 153.
Type-species: Elatus tlienae Walker. Monotypic.
Lamprostyius Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 42 (no species).
Type-species: Lamprostyius punctatus Foerster. Included by Foerster, 1859.
Parelatus Girault, 1916. Queensland Mus., Mem. 5: 226.
Type-species: Elatus ater Girault. Orig. desig.
Revision: Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 74.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1956. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 1: 87-88. — Kerrich, 1958. Opusc. Ent.
33: 82.
anobii Burks. Va. Ecology: Reared from wood infested with anobiid beetles.
Chrysolavipus anobii Burks, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 80. 9, cJ.
lycti Crawford. W. Va. Host: Lyctiis striatus Melsh.
Ckrysolampus lycti Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 75. 9, 6.
parcipunctatus Crawford. Calif.
Chrysolavipus parcipunctatus Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 75. 9.
Subfamily BRACHYSCELIDIPHAGINAE
This subfamily, with numerous members in South America and Australia, has only one species
in North America, and none in the Palearctic region.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Ferriere, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 271-302. —Graham, 1969.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 95.
774 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Gahan and Ferriere, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 292.
nubilipennis (Ashmead). Maine, Ont., Conn., N. J., Va., Fla., Ohio, Ind. Ecology: Produces stem
galls on Vaccinium spp.
Megorismus nubilipennis Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 192. 9.
Subfamily EUTRICHOSOMATINAE
Genus EUTRICHOSOMA Ashmead
Eutrichosoma Ashmead, 1899. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 204 (no species).
Type-species: Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
mirabile Ashmead. Md., D. C, Ga., Kans., Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Mont., Idaho. Host: Auleutes
tenuipes (Lee), Smicronyx tychoides (Lee).
Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 291. 9.
Eutrichosoma albipes Crawford, 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 9: 158. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 315.
Biology: Pierce, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 453. —Pierce et al., 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.
Ent. Bui. 100: 75, 79.
Subfamily CLEONYMINAE
Revision: Kerrich and Graham, 1957. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 12: 265-311 (British and Swedish
spp., with some Nearctic spp.).
—
Boucek, 1959 (1958). Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 32:
353-386 (genera of the world). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16:
35-42 (Western European spp.).
Tribe CLEONYMINI
Genus HEYDENIA Foerster
Biology: De Leon, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 60 (under name hubbardi, nom. nud.). —Franklin,
1969. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 4: 121.
Tribe CHALCEDECTINI
Taxonomy: Steffan, 1968. Entomophaga 13: 209-211. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 36.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 568.
texanus Brues. Tex.
Chalcedectes texanus Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 106. 6.
Tribe TRIGONODERINI
Taxonomy: Hedqvist, 1968. Ent. Tidskr. 89: 35-63. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 98-123.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959 Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 32: 381 (syn.).
(1958).
burksi Hedqvist. Ind., Tex. Ecology: Reared from nest of twig-inhabiting aculeate.
Epistenia burksi Hedqvist, 1968. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 124: 3. 9, d.
coeruleata Westwood. N. Y., N. J., Va., Ga., Fla., Mo., Tex., Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Ceratina
sp., Ectemnius sp., Isodontia elegans (Smith), Leptochilus republicanus zendaloides
776 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 174 (reasons for placing in Epistenia).
regalis Cockerell. Colo. Ecology: Reared from nest of Odynerus. This is probably a synonym
of coeruleata Westwood.
41: 228. 9.
Epistenia regalis Cockerell, 1934. Psyche
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959 (1958). Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 32: 363.
amabilis (Cockerell). Colo. Host: Hoplitis producta (Cress.), Stelis sp., S. sexmaculata Ashm.
Megormyms amabilis Cockerell, 1926. Psyche 33: 37. 9.
californicus Crawford. Calif.
Ptinobius californicus Crawford, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 142. 9.
magnificus (Ashmead). Que., N. J., W. Va., Va., Kans., Tex. Host: Agrilus mficollis (P.),
Amphicems bicaudatus (Say), Lixus scrobicollis Boh., Tessaropa tenuipes (Hald.).
Bui. 3: App. p. IV. 9.
Charitopus magnificus Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Ptinobius dysphagae Girault, 1915. Ent. News 26: 130. 6.
Taxonomy: Kerrich and Graham, 1957. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 12: 300-303. -Hedqvist, 1968.
Ent. Tidskr. 89: 36-39. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 108-122.
Subfamily COLOTRECHNINAE
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1957. In Kratochvil, Klic Zvireny CSR 2: 232 (tribe). —Boucek, 1964.
Canad. Ent., Mem. 34: 41 (subfamily). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui.
Sup. 16: 850.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1922. Soc. Ent. Ital. Bol. 54: HI(closely rel. to Colotrechnus Thomson).
— Delucchi, 1956. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 39: 233 (syn. of Colotrechnus Thomson). —Burks,
1958. Fla. Ent. 41: 13 (subg. of Colotrechnus Thomson).
ignotus Burks. N. C, Fla., Okla., Tex., Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Reared from heads of Bidens and
other Compositae.
Colotrechnus (Za^ionia) ignotus Burks, 1958. Fla. Ent. 41: 14. 9, 6.
Subfamily MACROMESINAE
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 42.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 73-78 (Macromesinae of Pteromalidae).
— Hedqvist, 1960. Ent. Tidskr. 81: 140. —Boucek, 1961. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 34: 57
(near Tridymini). —Hedqvist, 1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica II, pp. 57-58 (Cheiropachinae).
americanus Hedqvist. Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host: C ylindrocopturus longulus (Lee), C. eatoni
Buc, P seudohylesinus nebulosus (Lee), Scolytus praeceps Lee, S. unispiiiosus Lee, S.
ventralis Lee
Macromesus americanus Hedqvist, 1960. Ent. Tidskr. 81: 140. 9, S.
Subfamily SPALANGIINAE
Revision: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 429-512 (world fauna). —Boucek,
1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 593-602 (Ethiopian and Nearctic faunas).
Taxonomy. Ashmead, 1894. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 27-37. —Richardson, 1913. Jour. Morph.
24: 515. -Masi, 1917. Novitates Zool. 24: 188-189. —Burks, 1969. Smithsn. Contrib. ZooL, 2:
1-7. (types in USNM).
attae Burks. Te.\.; El Salvador. Ecology: Occurs in debris of nests of Attn viexicana (Smith)
and A. texana (Buckley).
Spalangia attae Burks, 1969. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool., 2: 1. 9.
cameroni Perkins. N. H., Miss., La., Tex., Ariz., CaHf.; Cosmopolitan. Host: Anastrepha
suHpeiiHa (Loew), Fannia fonoralis (Stein), Haematobia irritans (L.), Hippelates
coUuHor (Towns.), Musca domestica (L.), Muscina sp., Opiiyra sp., Phaenicia sp.,
StomoxyH calcitrans (L.).
Spalangia cameroni Perkins, 1910. Fauna Hawaii., Hym. Sup. 2: 656. 9, S.
Spalangia muscidannn var. texe7isis Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 213. 6.
Spalangia melanogaster Masi, 1940. R. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 3: 295. S.
Spalangia atlierigonae Risbec, 1951. Inst. Franc. d'Afr. Noire, Mem. 13: 361. 9, 6.
Biology: Lindquist, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29: 1154-1158. —Simmonds, 1944. Bui. Ent. Res.
35: 222. —Simmonds, 1946. Bui. Ent. Res. 37: 95-97. —Simmonds, 1952. Bui. Ent. Res. 43:
533-540. -Simmonds, 1953. Bui. Ent. Res. 44: 387-393, 773-778. —Simmonds, 1954. Bui.
Ent. Res. 45: 527-537 (oviposition). —Simmonds, 1956. Bui. Ent. Res. 47: 361-376. —Legner
et al., 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 977-984. —Legner, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62:
220-226.
endius Walker. Ont., N. Y., N. J., Md., N. C, S. C, Fla., Nebr., Calif.; Cosmopolitan. Host:
Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Dacus dorsalis Hendel, Fannia leucosticta (Meig.), F.
scalaris (F.), Haematobia irrita7is (L.), Musca domestica L., Muscina sp., Ophyra sp.,
Sto7Hoxys calcitrans (L.), Sarcophaga sp.
Spalangia endius Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 2, p. 96. <J.
Spalangia muscidarum var. stomoxysiae Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 57. 9.
Spalangia philippinensis Fullaway, 1917. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 3: 292. 9,6.
Spalangia orientalis Graham, 1932. hi Handschin, Austral. Council. Sci. and Indus. Res.,
Pam. 31: 21.
Biology: Lindquist, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29: 1154-1158 (stomoxysiae). —Legner and
Brydon, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 638-651. —Legner and Olton, 1968. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 61: 1306-1314.
erythromera Foerster. N. H., Conn., Ont., Sask.; Europe.
Spalangia erythromera Foerster, 1850. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 7: 512. 9.
Spalangia Umbellatarum Foerster, 1850. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 7: 513. 9, 6.
Spalangia spuria Foerster, 1850. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 7: 515. 9.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 466 (syn.).
haematobiae Ashmead. Ont., s. to Va., w. to Alta. and Calif.; Mexico, West Indies. Host:
Haematobia irritans (L.).
Spalangia haematobiae Ashmead, 1894. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 37. 9.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae., Acta Ent. 35: 475 (S. impuncta Howard,
Neotropical species, a possible syn.).
780 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
nigra Latreille. N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., N. C, S. C, Ohio, Mich., Ill, Miss, Nebr., Tex., Colo.,
Calif.; Cosmopolitan. Host: Haematobia irriians (L.), Hylemya antique (Meig.),
Musca
domestica L., Rhagoletis completa Cress., Stomoxys calcitrans (L.).
Latreille 1805. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., v. 13, p. 288.
Spalangia nigra
Spalangia hirta Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 334. 9.
Spalangia rugosicollis Ashmead, 1894. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 36. 9.
Spalaiigia muscae Howard, 1911. The House Fly, p. 90. Inadvertently descr.; attrib. to
Girault.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae., Acta Ent. 35: 443 (syn.). —Burks, 1969.
Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 2: 5 (types in USNM).
Biology: Parker and Thompson, 1928. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 97: 437-439.
— Legner, 1969.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 220-226.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 310-311 (larva).
nigripes Curtis. N. Y., HI., Ark., Colo.; Cosmopolitan. Host: Fannia leucosticta (Meig.), F.
scalaris (F.), Lucilia sp.; Musca domestica L.
Spalangia nigripes Curtis, 1839. Brit. Ent., v. 16, fol. 740. 9.
Spalangia hyaloptera Foerster, 1850. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 7: 509. 9, S.
Spalangia form icaria Kieffer, 1905. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 1. 9.
Spala7igia 7nuscaru7n Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 213. 9.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 461 (syn.).
nigroaenea Curtis. N. B. and Ont., s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Cosmopolitan. Host: Fannia
sp., Musca domestica L., Muscina sp., Ophyra sp., Stomoxys calcitrans (L.).
Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, 1839. Brit. Ent., v. 16, fol. 740. i.
Spalangia homalaspis Foerster, 1850. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 7: 505. 9,6.
Spalangia astuta Foerster, 1851. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 8: 1. 9.
Spalangia muscidarum Richardson, 1913. Psyche 20: 38. 9, 6.
Spalangia siindaica Graham, 1932. In Handschin, Austral. Council Sci. and Indus. Res.,
Pam. 31: 22, 24. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 448 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 52 (syn.).
Biology: Pinkus, 1913. Psyche 20: 148-158 (muscidarum). —Richardson, 1913. Jour. Morpb.
24: 513-549 (nmscidanini). —Roberts, 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 493 (muscidarum).
—Legner et al., 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 462-468. —Legner and Olton, 1968. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1306-1314.
Morphology: Burks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 161 (muscidarum, forewing).
Subfamily CEROCEPHALINAE
Revision: Gahan, 1946. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 349-376.
Taxonomy: Hedqvist, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 449-466 (key to genera).
world; it has both winged and wingless forms, often mixed in the same lot.
Choetospila elegans Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 137. 9.
Spala7igio7norpha fasciatipennis Girault, 1913. Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 333. 9.
Spala7igia 7uetallica Fullaway, 1913. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 2: 286. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 781
Spalaiigia rhizoperthae Risbec, 1951. Inst. Franc. d'Afr. Noire, Mem. 13: 365. 9, c^.
Cerocephala oryzae Risbec, 1951. Inst. Franc. d'Afr. Noire, Mem. 13: 366. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1963. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 505 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 61 (syn.). -Hedqvist, 1969. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71:
451 (syn.).
Biology: Bare, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 186. —Williams and Floyd, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent.
64: 1407-1408.
Biology: Keen, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 49, 98.
Subfamily DIPARINAE
In this subfamily the females usually are wingless, or with rudimentary wings, and the males
are fully winged; the sexes also have quite different antennae. Consequently the males and
females of the same species often have been placed in different subfamilies, or even superfami-
lies.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1946. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 375 (Lelapinae). — Boucek, 1954. Mus.
Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 29: 54 (Diparinae). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent.,
Bui. Sup. 16: 63-66.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1954. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 29: 52-54 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 64-65 (syn.).
Subfamily EUNOTINAE
Revision: Masi, 1931. Eos 7: 411-459.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 67-68.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 783
Biology: Craw, 1891. Calif. State Bd. Hort., Bui. 57: 7. -Riley, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann.
Rpt. for 1890, p. 251. -Coquillett, 1892. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 26: 31. -Craw,
1902. Calif. State Bd. Hort., Rpt. for 1901-1902, p. 200. —
Quayle and Rust, 1911. Calif. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 223: 189.
—
Essig, 1913. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Monthly Bui. 2: 272-273.
-Smith and Compere, 1928. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 4: 241-245, 317-321. —Essig, 1931.
Hist, of Ent., pp. 139-143, 334-335, 336, 387. -Smith, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 524.
—Hawkins, 1942. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 9: 884. —Smith, 1944. Hilgardia 16: 282.
-Flanders, 1953 (1952). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 546-547. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 26. —Flanders, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 247.
Biology: Smith, 1906. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 26: 606-607. —Johnson, 1906. Colo. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 116: 11. —Essig, 1938. Ins. West. N. Amer., p. 840.
Mesopeltis Masi, 1917. Novitates Zool. 24: 197. Preocc. by Cope, 1867.
Type-species: Mesopeltis atrocyanea Masi. Monotypic.
784 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Mesopeltita Ghesquiere, 1946. Rev. de Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 39: 370. N. name.
atrocyanea (Masi). Tex.; Cent, and So. Amer., West Indies, East Indies. Host: Saissetia sp.
Mesopeltis atrocyanea Masi, 1917. Novitates Zool. 24: 197. 9,6.
cyanea Motschulsky. Del., s. to Fla., w. to CaHf.; Cosmopolitan. Living material imported from
Italy in 1895, cultured in D. C, and liberated in La. in 1898. Another introduction from
South Africa into Calif, was carried out in 1901. Both were successful, and cyanea is
now so common in North America it is often assumed to be native. Host: Ceroplastes
cirripediformis Comst., C.floridensis Comst., Coccus hesperidum L., Lecanium comi
Bche., Phenacoccus arteynisiae Ehrh., Saissetia coffeae (Walk.), S. yiigra (Nietn.), S.
oleae (Bern.).
Encyrtus caeruleus Fonscolombe, 1832. Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (1) 26: 304.
Scutellistacyanea Motschulsky, 1859. Etudes Ent. 8: 172. 9, c?. Although caeruleus
Fonscolombe has priority, Graham, 1969 (Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.,) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 76),
intends to submit an application to the International Commission to have it suppressed,
in view of the very large volume of literature there is that uses the name cyanea
Motschulsky.
Biology: Marlatt, 1901. U. S. Dept. Agr., Yearbook for 1900, pp. 274-275. —Howard, 1903. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt., for 1902, pp. 228-229. -Marlatt, 1904. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent.
Bui. (n. s.) 44: 50-56. —
Ehrhorn, 1905. Calif. State Comnr. Hort., Monthly Cir., November,
pp. 2-6. -Martelli, 1908. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 2: 226, 238, 246. -Quayle,
1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 446-451. —Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.
Bui. 91: 31-33. —Quayle, 1911. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 214: 456-459. —Quayle and Rust,
1911. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 223: 179-183. -Essig, 1913. Calif. State Comn. Hort,
Monthly Bui. 2: 118-119, 270-271. —Essig, 1915. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Monthly Bui. 4:
Sup. pp. 152, 154, 374. —Smith, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 479-481. —Smith, 1921. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 14: 349. —Essig, 1926. Ins. Western N. Amer., p. 825. —Smith and Compere,
1928. Univ. CaHf. Pubs. Ent. 4: 241-245, 322-332. -Essig, 1931. Hist, of Ent., pp. 335-337, I
360, 388. -Quayle, 1932. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 542: 43. -Smith, 1933. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 26: 523-525. —Compere, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 51. —Smith, 1944. Hilgardia
16: 281. -Woglum et al., 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40: 818-819. -Flanders, 1953 (1952). Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 544-547. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 108.
—Flanders, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 247. —Flanders, 1959. Jour. Econ Ent. 52: 596-597.
-Gaxho, 1960. Tirana U. Shtet., Bui. Ser. 14: 55. -Talhouk, 1961. Entomophaga 6: 208.
— Inserra, 1968. Entomologica 4: 45-77. —
Nuzzaci, 1969. Entomologica 5: 9-36, 127-138.
Morphology: Mercet, 1910. Real Acad. Ci. Madrid, Rev. 9: 185-191 (larva, pupa). —Parker,
1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 371 (larva, egg). —
Balachowsky and Mesnil, 1935. Ins.
Nuisables Plantes Cult., v. 1, p. 572 (larva). —
Domenichini, 1953. Bol. Zool. Agr. e Bach.
Univ. Milano 19: 258 (gaster).
Subfamily ASAPHINAE
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 77-78.
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1960. Fac. Agron., Revista (3) 36: 113 (syn.).
californicus Girault. Colo., Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Aphelinus sp., Aphidius sp., Praon
sp., Trioxys pallidus (Hal.).
Asaphes californicus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 1.
9.
Biology: van den Bosch et al., 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 861.
lucens (Provancher). N. B., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Aphelinus sp.,
Que., Ont.,
Aphidius phorodontis Ashm., A. polygonaphis (Fitch), Diaretiella rapae (M'Int.),
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.), Praon aguti Smith, P. simulans (Prov.), Trioxys utilis
Mues.
Euplectrus lucens Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 207. 9.
Megorismus Fletcheri Crawford, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 98. 9, 6.
Asaphes americana Girault, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 114. 9, S .
Biology: Cardiff, 1915. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 127: 32. —Shands et al., 1955. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 57: 132-135. —
Johansen, 1957. Northwest Sci. 31: 72.
vulgaris Walker. Greenland; Europe. Host: Aphidius sp., Praon sp., Trioxys sp. There are
numerous host records for this widespread, common, Palearctic species in the literature;
most of them have not been verified. This is probably always a hyperparasite of aphids.
Asaphes vulgaris Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 152. 9, <?.
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1955. Soc. Roy. Ent. Belg., Mem. 27: 174. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 78-83.
Biology: Vukasovic, 1931. Soc. Ent. Jugosl., Acta 5-6: 94-97. —Dunn, 1949. Bui. Ent. Res. 40:
103-117. — Evenhuis, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 229. —
Broussal, 1968. [Paris] Acad., des Sci.,
Compt. Rend. (D) 266: 1586.
Hyperimerus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 5.
Type-species: Hyperimerus corvus Girault. Orig. desig.
Mespilon Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 406.
Type-species: Mespilon exiguum Graham. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2:
251, 255 (Torymidae). — Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 549 (syn.).
—Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 78, 83 (Pteromalidae).
corvus Girault. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Chrysopa sp., Hemerobius sp., Sympherobius sp. Closely
associated with Pseudococcus in its native environment.
Hyperimerus corvus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid Variorum Cum. Observ. Ill, p.
5. 9.
Subfamily PANSTENONINAE
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1955. Mus. Natl. Hung., Ann. Hist. Nat. (n. s.) 6: 296. —Graham, 1969.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 92.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1957. In Kerrich and Graham, Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 12: 276 (syn.).
columbianum Ashmead. D. C.
Panstenon Columbiana Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 231. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 315.
Subfamily MISCOGASTERINAE
Tribe SPHEGIGASTERINI
Genus SPHEGIGASTER Spinola
Sphegigaster Spinola, 1811. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Ann. 17: 149.
Type-species: Diplolepis pallicomis Spinola. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Trigonogastra Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 330, 331.
Type-species: Trigonogastra aurata Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 317 (type).
flavicornis (Walker). B. C; Europe. Introduced from England into B. C. in mid 1930's;
recovered 1939. Host: Phytomyza ilicis Curtis.
Merismus flaviconiis Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 377. 6.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 136 (Diplolepis
pallicornis Spinola, 1808, might prove to be the same).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 787
Biology: Cameron, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 178-180, 192-197. — McLeod, 1954. Ent. Soc. Brit.
Columbia, Proc. 50: 22.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 161 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1955. Soc. Roy. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 27: 174-175 (syn.). —Askew, 1965.
Entomophaga 10: 180-181 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16:
142-143 (syn.; types).
Biology: Cameron, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 178-180, 197-199. —Askew, 1965. Entomophaga
10: 185-186 (hosts in Europe). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16:
143 (hosts in England).
Tribe MISCOGASTERINI
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 149-150 (approx. equal to
Lamprotatini of older classifications).
788 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Halticoptera Spinola, 1811. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Ann. 17: 148.
Type-species: Diplolepis flavicomis Spinola. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Pachylarthrus Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 1:
127.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc Pub. 174: 116 (aeiiea). — Ferriere,
1952. Soc. Venez. Stor. Nat., Bol. 6: 172 (patellana). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 163-164 (syn.; circulus).
Biology: Lange, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 394-395. —Hills and Taylor, 1951. Jour. Econ. Ent.
44: 760-762. -Morrill and Kieckhefer, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 1129-1131.
Halticoptera rosae Burks. 1955. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 57: 81. 9, 6.
Biology: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 203 (type labeled, "Bred
from pupa of Vanesm cardiii," but that is erroneous and refers to next species in
Walker's publication, Pieromalus puparum (L.); true host of diaeus probably an
agromyzid).
Brachycrepis Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 174, 176. Preocc. by Leconte, 1854.
Type-species: Brachycrepis tricariyiatus Ashmead. Monotypic.
Bubekia Dalla Torre, 1897. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 16: 84. N. name.
Bubeckia Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 568. Misspelling.
Revision: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 114.
carolinensis (Ashmead). N. C.
Acroclisis carolinensis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 228. 6.
fallax Gahan. Ind., Tenn., Iowa, Kans., Okla. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say), Meromyza
aniericana Fitch.
Bubekia fallax Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 114-116. 9, 6.
Biology: Morrill and Kieckhefer, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 1129-1131.
lasiopterae (Ashmead). Ohio. Host: Asteroviyia agrostis (0. S.).
MegorisiHus lasiopterae Ashmead, 1893. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Ser., Bui. 1: 160. 6.
tricarinata (Ashmead). Kans.
Brachycrepis tricarinattis Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 176. 9.
There are several published references to Lamprotatus pilicomis Thomson, 1876 (Hym.
Scand., v. 4, p. 229) from Greenland, as well as Sweden. After those records were published
Graham, 1969 (Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 201-202) found that the type series of
pilicomis is mixed. He has designated a lectotype for the species, placing it in synonymy under
Seladerma tarsale (Walker). The Greenland records of pilicomis need to be re-examined.
canadensis Girault. Alta.
Lamprostatus canadensis Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 96. 9.
conicus Girault. Alaska.
Lamprostatus conicus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p.
11. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 161 (type fragmentary, sp.
cannot be placed; better material may be found later).
Tribe ORMOCERINI
Taxonomy: Graham, Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent., Bui. Sup.
1969. Brit. 16: 250-252 (approx. equal to
Tridymini of older classifications; key to European genera).
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1955. Soc. Roy. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 27: 175 (syn.). —Peck, 1963. Canad.
Ent., Sup. 30: 903 (N. Amer. spp. unplaced).
flora Girault. Fla.
Terobia flora Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 216. 9, 6.
vulgaris Ashmead. Alaska.
Terobia vulgaris Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 144. 9,6.
Morphology: Eckel, 1902. Ent. News 14: 283, pi. xiv (larva, adult).
encyrtoides Walker. Wis., Alaska, Oreg.; Europe. Host: Contarinia sp. Numerous dipterous
hosts recorded in Palearctic literature.
Systasis encyrtoides Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 296. 9, J.
Tridymus punctatus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 227.
Hormocerus impletus Walker, 1872. Notes on Chalcid. pt. 6, p. 96. 9.
Systasis longicomis Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 204. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 261 (syn.; types).
Biology: Parnell, 1963. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 115: 271-272.
—
Ferron, 1964. Ann. des
Epiphyt. (C) 15: 277. — Kralovic, 1964. Biologia Bratislava 19: 265.
aphidis (Girault), n. comb. Conn., N. Y., Ark. Ecology: Reared from leaf or tendril galls on
grape. Host: Lasioptera vitis 0. S.
Trydymus aphidis Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 450. 9.
aureipes (Girault), n. comb. Fla.
Trydymus aureipes Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 449. 9.
biguttatipennis (Girault), n. comb. Conn., Fla.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 214 (redescription as "N. sp." on same
specimens used in 1917).
gargantua (Girault), n. comb. N. H., Conn., N. Y., Mich., Minn. Ecology: Reared from gall on
Salix.
Trydymus gargantua Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 98. 9.
metallicus (Ashmead), n. comb. N. Y., N. J., Kans. Ecology: Reared from twig galls of basket
willow, Salix purpurea. Host: Rhabdophaga salicis Schr. This sp. may be a synonym of
Gastraneistrus salicis (Nees).
Tridymus metallicus Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. V. 9, 6.
nigriclavus (Girault), n. comb. Md.
Trydyynus nigriclavus Girault, 1917. Chalcidoidea Nova Marilandensis II, p. 2. 9.
salicis (Nees). N. Y.; Europe. Ecology: Reared from galls on Salix. Host: Rhabdophaga
salicis Schr. Species identified by Ashmead, reared in N. Y. from galls on Salix, the
plants possibly of European origin.
Ptero7nalus salicis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, pp. 105, 424. 9,6.
Seladernia Capreae Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., v. 2, p. 112. Preocc. by
Linnaeus, 1761.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 303 (syn., types).
Tribe PIRENINI
Ta.\onomy: Ferriere, 1934. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 16: 83-92 (key to genera). —Graham,
1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 329-330 (revised key to European genera).
Macroglenes Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 1:
127.
Type-species: Macroglenes ocjilatus Westwood. Monotypic.
Pirene Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 336.
Type-species: Pirene varicomis Haliday. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Corynocere Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 123.
Type-species: Corynocere deplanata Nees. Desig. by Gahan and Fagan, 1923.
Phocion Girault, 1925. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 13: 91.
Type-species: Plwcion ipswichi Girault. Orig. desig.
Pirenisca Ghesquiere, 1946. Rev. de Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 34: 369. N. name,
unnecessarily proposed for Pirene.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 334-335 (syn.;
Macroglenes has priority, but Pirene more often used; application being made to Internat.
Comn. for retention of Pirene).
maryiandica Girault. Md. Type fragmentary; placement of this sp. in Pirene may be
erroneous.
Pirene maryiandica Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 116. ?.
penetrans (Kirby). N. J., Ont., Mich., Oreg.; Europe. Host: Contarinia tritici (Kirby),
Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin).
Ichneumon penetrans Kirby, 1800. Linn. Soc. London, Trans. 5: 109. 9, i.
Macroglenes oculatus Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour.
Sci. (3) 1: 127. i.
Macroglenes brevicomis Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 189. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 341 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1964. Ceskoslov. Spolec. Ent., Casopis 61: 255-257 (redescription).
anomalipes Ashmead. Fla.
Spathopus anomalipes Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 272. "9"
= S.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316 (type).
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316 (types).
Subfamily PTEROMALINAE
Tribe CRATOMINI
Genus CRATOMUS Dalman
Cratomus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 173, 177.
Type-species: Cynips megacephalus Fabricius. Monotypic.
Caratonuis Dalman, 1822. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 43: 403. Emend.
cancellatus Cockerell. Colo.
Cratomus cancellatus Cockerell, 1916. Ent. News 27: 417. 6.
Tribe PACHYNEURINI
Genus CORUNA Walker
Coruna Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 371, 379.
Type-species: Coruna clavata Walker. Monotypic.
Coryna Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 59. Emend.; preocc. by Bosc, 1802.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 795
Pachycrepis Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 51, 54, 59. N. name unnecessarily
proposed for Coruna Walker, preocc. in Botany.
clavata Walker. N. B., Maine, N. J., Wash., Calif.; Europe. Host: Aphidius sp., Praon sp.
Coruna clavata Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 380. 9, 6.
Chrysolampus legenarius Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 132. 6.
Pteromalus apliidivonis Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 28. cJ.
Pteromalus segmentariiis Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 28. 6.
Gastrancistms Hierocles Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., v. 2, pp. 105, 158. S.
Coryna diibia Buckton, 1879. Monog. Brit. Aphides, v. 2, p. 86.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 845 (syn.).
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1957. Univ. Nac. de La Plata, Notas del Mus. 19: 118 (syn.). —Peck,
1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 612 (syn.). —
Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 11:
16-18 (syn.).
albutius (Walker). Va., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Mexico. Host: Allograpta exotica
(Wied.), A. obliqua (Say), Baccha clamta (F.), B fuscipennis Say, Enpeodes volucris 0.
.
Parargus tibialis (Fall.), Scaeua pyrastri (L.), Sphaerophoria cylindrica (Say), Syrphus
opinator 0. S., S. philadelphicus Macq., S. rectus 0. S., S. ribesii (L.), S. torvus 0. S.
Pachynevron albutius Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 158. 9.
796 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Spalaiigia syrpki Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 171. 9,6. Preocc. by Ratzeburg, 1848.
/
Pachyneuron allograptae Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 14: 15. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 154 (syn.).
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1924 (1923). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 25: 187 (syn.).
syrphicola Ashmead. Fla. Host: Baccha clavata (F.), B.fuscipennis Say, Metasyrphus
americanus (Wied.).
Pachyneuron syrphi Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 131. 9, 6. Preocc. by
Ratzeburg, 1848 and Ashmead, 1881.
Pachyneuron syrphicola Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 193. N. name.
Biology: Miller, 1929. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 203: 459-461.
texanum Girault. Ohio, La.,Tex., N. Mex. Ecology: Reared from syrphid.
Pachyneuron texanmn Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 90. 9.
validum Waterston. Calif. Host: Euphyllura arbuti Schwarz.
Pachyneuron validum Waterston, 1923. Bui. Ent. Res. 14: 110. 9, 6.
virginicum Girault. Maine, Va., 111. Host: Aphiditis sp.
Pachyneuron virginicum Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 89. 9, <J.
Biology: Wage et al., 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1338: 29.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1957 (1956). Ceskoslov. Spolec. Ent., Casopis 53: 165 (syn.).
vindemiae (Rondani). Ont., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Calif.; CosmopoHtan. Host: Anastrepha sp.,
Calliphora sp., Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Drosophila melanogasier Meig., Fannia
canicularis (L.), F. scalaris (F.), Haematobia irritans (L.), Hylemya brassicae (Bouche),
Lucilia iUustris (Meig.), Musca domestica L., Phaenicia sericata (Meig.), Phormia
regina (Meig.), Piophila casei (L.), Rhagoletis sp., R.fausta (0. S.), Stomoxys calcitrans
(L.).
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 309 (larva).
Tribe RHAPHITELINI
Genus RHAPHITELUS Walker
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1952. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Rev. 15: 270 (syn.). — Hedqvist, 1963. Stud.
Forest. Suecica 11: 93-94.
maculatus Walker. Que., s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe. Host: Hylesinus sp.,
Magdalis sp., M. armicollis (Say), M. barbita (Say), Pissodes strobi (Peck), Phloeosinus
punctatus Lee, Phloeotribus sp., Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), S. rugulosus
(Ratz.).
Rhapkitelus maculatus Walker, 1934. Ent. Mag. 2: 179. "6"
= 9.
Pteromalus Hecato Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 1, p. 271. S.
Pteronialus subulifer Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 30. 9.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1919. Genova, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. (3) 8: 160-161. —Graham, 1969.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 420-421 (syn., types).
Morphology: Domenichini, 1953. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach 19: 251 (gaster).
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1957. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 2: 76 (syn.). —Hedqvist, 1963. Stud.
Forest. Suecica 11: 97.
fasciatus Girault. N. Dak., s. to N. Mex., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Probably a
primary parasite of scolytid beetles in gymnospermous trees, but usually reared in
association with several other parasites. Its exact host relationships are difficult to
establish.
Metacolus fasciatus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 14. 9.
Metacolus bifasciatus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 14. 9, d.
Tribe PTEROMALINI
Genus DINOTISCUS Ghesquiere
Dinotus Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 66, 70. No species. Preocc. by Guettard, 1770.
Type-species: Dinotus bideiitulus Thomson. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Dinotiscus Ghesquiere, 1946. Rev. de Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 34: 370. N. name.
Revision: Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 169 {Cecidostiba Thomson). —Hedqvist,
1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica 11: 83-93 (Palearctic spp., Dinotiscus).
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 568 (Nearctic spp. placed
Cecidostiba belong in Dinotiscus).
in
acutus (Provancher). N. S. and Que., s. to Va. and W. Va., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Host: Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk., Polygraphus rufipennis (Kby.).
Dinotus acutus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 201. 9.
Cecidostiba ashmeadi Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 170. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 799
Taxonomy: Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck, Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 557 (syn.).
et ai, U. S.
burkei (Crawford). Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Dendroctonus
brevicoviis Lee, D. engelmanni Hopk., D. obestis (Mann.).
Cecidostiba burkei Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 170. 9.
Biology: Massey and Wygant, 1954. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 944: 22, 26.
dendroctoni (Ashmead). Va., W. Va., N. C, Ga., Wis., Mont., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Calif. Host:
Cylindrocopturus funiissi Buch., Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., D. monticolae Hopk.,
D. pseudotsugae Hopk., Ips grandicollis (Eichh.), Polygrapbus riifipennis (Kby.).
Cecidostiba dendroctoni Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 337. 9.
Biology: Taylor, 1929. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 10: 17-22, 66-67.
—
DeLeon, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 61.
—Furniss, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 859. —
Reid, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89: 7. —Keen, 1958. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 21, 100. -Stark and Wood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1217.
tutela (Walker). Que., Ont., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wis.; Europe. Introduced
from Europe into Ont. and Que. in mid 1930's, but known to be estabHshed in New
England in 1920. Host: Ips pini (Say), Pissodes strobi (Peck).
Cheiropachus tutela Walker, 1836. Ent. Mag. 4: 14. 9, <?.
Cleonymus maculifer Foerster, 1840. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 34. 9.
Pteromalus suspensus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 189.
Pteromalus Spinolae Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 189. 9,6. Preocc. by
Foerster, 1841.
Pteromalus immaculatus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, pp. 189, 205.
Pteromahis lunula Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 193. 9.
Pteromalus multicolor Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 193. N. name for
spiiiolae Ratzeburg.
Pteromahis aemuhis Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 203.
Rhopalicus Annellus Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 42. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. obozr. 13: 10 (syn.). —
Ferriere, 1948. Schweiz. Ent.
Gesell., Mitt. 21: 520 (syn.).
—
Hedqvist, 1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica 11: 71-79 (characters).
—Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 413 (types).
— Hedqvist, 1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica 11: 71. — Nuorteva, 1964. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 30: 14.
— Titova, 1966. Ent. Obozr. 45: 58.
Genus CHEIROPACHUS Westwood
Cheiropachus Westwood, 1828. Zool. Jour. 4: 23.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 220 (type of each sp. the same specimen).
brunneri Crawford. Mont., Wyo., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Phloeosinus sp., Pissodes sp.,
Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (Lee), Scolytus unispinosus Lee, S. ventralis Lee.
Cheiropachus brunneri Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 165. 9,6.
Biology: Bushing and Bright, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 201.
obscuripes Brues. Ont., N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to 111. Host: Phloeotribus liminaris (Harr.),
Scolytus sp.
Cheiropachys obscuripes Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 80. 9.
quadrum (Fabricius). Que., Ont., N. H., s. to N. C. and Ala., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.;
Europe. Host: Magdalis aenescens Lee, Phloeosinus canadensis Swaine, P. punctatus
Lee, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), S. rugulosus (Ratz.). For almost 100 years this
sp. has been called colon Linnaeus, following Thomson, 1878 (Hym. Scand., v. 4, p. 33);
however, Graham, 1969 (Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 417) saw Linnaeus's
and Fabricius's types and established that quadrum Fabricius is the correct name for
this species. Sphex colon Linnaeus belongs in Dinotiscus Ghesquiere.
Ichneumon quadnim Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insectorum, v. 1, p. 270.
Pteromalus bi^naculatus Swederus, 1795. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 16: 222.
Cleonymus maculipennis Curtis, 1827. Brit. Ent., v. 4, fol. 194. i.
Pteromalus bicaliginosus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 190. cJ.
Pteromalus binaevius Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 190. S.
Pteromalus Fraxini Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 191.9.
Pteromalus biniinbatus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 191. 9.
Pteromalus binubeculatus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 191. 9.
Pachychirus interinedius Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 70.
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 22-23 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 416-417 (syn.).
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Misc. Coll. 99: 36-37 (male genitalia).
brevicornis (Ratzeburg). Md., Mich., Ind., Idaho, Calif.; Europe. Host: Crabro sp., Crossocerus
sp., Ectemnhis sp.
Pteromahm brevicornis Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 201.
Pteromalun (SchizonotuH) Panneivitzii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 230. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 427 (syn.).
latro Wallace, Que., N. Y., Va., Mich., Wis. Host: Ceratina dupla Say, Ectemnius stirpicola
(Pack.), Eupliliti sp.
Habritys latnis Wallace, 1954. Carnegie Mus., Ann. 33: 199. 9.
Habritys latro Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 32. Emend.
Biology: Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 32, 67. —Krombein, 1964. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77:
103.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 159 (syn.; lectotypes of lausus
and dipsas).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
269.
taciti Girault. N. J., Ark., Colo., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Reared from cynipid galls on oak.
Megatrydymus taciti Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. la. S.
Biology: Hopkins, 1893. W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 32: 226.
—
Beaulne, 1953 (1951). Que.
Soc Prot. PI., Ann. Rpt. 32-33: 197.
callidii (Ashmead). N. J., Va. Host: Callidium antennatum Newm.
Aetroxys callidii Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 223. 9.
802 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25: 188 (type of calandrae destroyed).
— Ferriere, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 165-166 (possible syn.). —
Tachikawa, 1966. Jap. Jour.
Appl. Ent. Zool. 10: 99 (syn.).
Morphology: Cabal Concha, 1956. Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Colombia 18: 61-72 (immature
stages).
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1956. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 39: 240. —Ferriere and Delucchi, 1957.
Entomophaga 2: 121.
acutus (Thomson). N. J., Pa., N. C, Mich., Ky., Tenn., Minn., Nebr., Wash., Greg.; Europe. Host:
Bnichidiiis ater (Marsham), Bruchus brachialis Fahr.
Dimachus (Di7iarmus) acutus Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 56. 9.
Sphaerakis mayri Masi, 1924. Genova, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. 51: 157. 9, cJ.
1939. Indian Jour. Ent. 1: 76. —Delucchi, 1956. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 39:
Taxonomy: Mani,
243 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit.Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 434-435 (Pteromalus
robusttis Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 19: 230, described from a single male,
may be the same as acutus).
Biology: Delucchi, 1962. Awamia 2: 123.
Morphology: Domenichlni, 1953. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach. 19: 218 (gaster).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 803
Taxonomy: Waterston, 1921. Roy. Soc. Rpt. Grain Pests Com. 9: 14-16. — Delucchi, 1956.
Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 39: 243-246.
Biology: Paddock and Reinhard, 1919. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 256: 80-81. 1924. — Masi,
Genova, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat, Ann. 51: 152. —
Chatterji, 1954. Indian Jour. Ent. 16: 77.
— Cheema and Misra, 1962. Current Sci. 31: 21. -Luca, 1964. Inst. Franc. d'Afr. Noire,
Bui. (A) 26: 1201.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 157 (Lectotype designated).
perplexus (Ashmead). N. J., Del, Tenn., Kans., Tex.
Stylophorella perplexa Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 275. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316.
pisius Walker. Fla. Host: Euscepes porcellus Boh.
Norba7ius pisius Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 160. 9.
Pteromalus Hybreas Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 397. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 160 (syn.).
Biology: Riley, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1886, pp. 540-542. -Webster, 1893. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6: 151. —Webster, 1909. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Cir. 106: 8-9.
-Phillips, 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 11, 13. -Phillips and Poos, 1921.
Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 405-406. —Phillips and Poos, 1923. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui.
1323: 8. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 104-109. —Cannon, 1963.
Canad. Ent. 95: 34.
cognatus (Gahan), n. comb. Calif. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Merisus cognatus Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 102. 9.
destructor (Say). P. E. I., Que., Ont., Vt., N. Y., s. to S. C, w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe.
Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say); Platygaster zosine Walk.
Ceraphron destructor Say, 1817. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Jour. (1) 1: 47-48, 63.
Merisus interyyiedius Lindeman, 1887. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Bui. (2) 1: 179-183, 192. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 89-95 (syn.). — Szelenyi, 1956.
Mus. Nat. Hung., Ann. Hist. Nat. (n. s.) 7: 171-172. {Homoporus). —Delucchi, 1957. Ztschr.
f. Angew Ent. 40: 418-419 {Homoporus subg. Phaenacra).
Biology: Fitch, 1862 (1861). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 21: 827-829, 843. —Howard, 1884.
Psyche 4: 206. —Forbes, 1885. 111. State Ent., Rpt. 14: 44-49. —Riley, 1885. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 8: 413-416. —
Osborn, 1898. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. (n. s.) 16: 28-31.
—Washburn, 1902. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 77: 6-7. —Packard, 1916. Jour. Agr. Res. 6:
373-377. -McCulloch, 1923. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 11: 64. -Hill and Smith,
1928. Jour. Agr. Res. 36: 153-155. —Hill et ai, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 4-15.
-Lapina, 1948. Zool. Zhur. 27: 331. —Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 923: 2-15.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8, 13 (immature
stages).
febriculosus (Girault). P. E. I., Que., Vt., s. to S. C, w. to Sask., N. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Okla.;
Europe. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say); Bracon cephi (Gah.), Eupehnus allynii
(French), Harmolita sp., H. albomaculata (Ashm.), H. grandis (Riley), H. hordei (Harr.),
H. tritici (Fitch), H. vaginicola (Doane), Platygaster zosine Walk.
Merisus febriculosus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 17. 9.
Homoporus filicomis Erdos, 1953. Mus. Nat. Hung., Ann. Hist. Nat., (n. s.) 6: 241. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 238-239. {febriculosus misdet. as
isosomatis Ashm.). —Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 95-99 (descr.,
bibliog.;occurs in Europe). —Szelenyi, 1956. Mus. Nat. Hung., Ann. Hist. Nat. (n. s.) 7: 168
{Homoporus). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 453 (some doubts
of syn. of febriculosus and filicomis).
Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1923. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1323: 8. —Hill and Smith,
1928. Jour. Agr. Res. 36: 153-154. -Hill et al., 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 4-7,
11-15. —Cannon, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 34.
Morphology: and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8-13
Hill (larvae).
flaviventris (Girault), n. comb. Md.
Merisus flaviventris Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 282. 9.
harmolitae (Gahan), n. comb. Calif.
Merisus harmolitae Gahan, 1928. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 2. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 805
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316 (syn.).
Biology: Webster, 1903 (1902). Ind. Acad. Sci., Proc. for 1902, p. 103 (Nomen nudum).
mordellistenae (Crawford), n. comb. Pa., Md., D. C, Va., w. to Kans., Tex., Calif. Host:
Mordellistena pustnlata (Melsh.); Mayetiola destructor (Say); Hantiolita sp.
Merisus mordellistenae Crawford, 1910. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 12: 145. 2.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 99-102.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 9, 11-13 (larvae).
octoguttatus (Girault), n. comb. Md.
Merisus octoguttata Girault, 1915. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 23: 166. 9.
semilongifasciatus (Girault), n. comb. Md.
Merisus semilongifasciata Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 282. 9.
Taxonomy: Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 115 (syn.). —Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 109-114 (syn.).
— Boucek, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 10. —Graham,
1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. Sup. 16: 461 (types).
Biology: Hill and Smith, 1928. Jour. Agr. Res. 36: 153-155. —Hill et al, 1939. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 13.
—
Lapina, 1948. Zool. Zhur. 27: 331.
—
Simmonds, 1952. Bui. Ent.
Res. 43: 513, 528-533, 539-540. —Simmonds, 1953. Bui. Ent. Res. 44: 386-393. Hemer, —
1959. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 44: 339.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 5, 11-13 (larvae).
cyrnus (Walker). Md., s. to Fla., w. to 111. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Lampretatus cyrnus Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 157.
Cryptoprymnus illinoensis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 228. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 155 (syn.).
Dichalysis Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 52, 56. N. name, unnecessarily proposed
for Psilocera.
Psilocera was twice renamed by authors who thought the name was preoccupied by
Psilocerus Ruthe, 1831. Graham, 1969 (Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 463) is not sure
the North American species referred to Psilocera really belong to it.
MetapoiiC.) rufipes Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 229. 9,6.
Revision: Crawford, 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 160. —Burks, 1954. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1093: 4-8.
Biology: Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32-35, 38, 53-54. -Atkins et al.,
1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 257. —Allen and Smith, 1958. Hilgardia 25: 29.
cyanoideus Burks. Maine, Mass., Ohio, Mich., Ill, Minn., Iowa, Nebr., Wyo. Host: Apanteles sp.,
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1958. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach. (2) 1: 53-54 (Nearctic spp. placed in
Heterolaccus belong elsewhere).
Biology: Cross and Mitchell, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 235-236.
hunteri Crawford. Del., Va., N. C, S. C, Ga., Ala., Miss., Ark., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico,
Guatemala, Hawaii. Host: Acanthoscelides bisignatus (Horn.), A. co»ipressicornis
(Schaef.), Anthonomus aeneoius Dietz, A. albopilosus Dietz, A. disjunctus Lee, A.
eugenii Cano, A. grandis Boh., A. heterothecae Pierce, A. nebulosus Lee, A. nigrinus
Boh., A. squamosus Lee, A. thurberiae Pierce, Gerstaeckeria nobilis (Lee),
Prionomerus calceatus Say, Rynchaenus pallicornis (Say), Sniicraulax tuberculatus
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 807
Biology: Pierce et ai, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 42, 51, 54-66. —Pierce and
Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 166.
kansensis (Girault). N. C, S. C, Wis., 111., Miss., Iowa, La., Kans., Idaho, Ariz., Calif. Host:
Chrysopa sp.
Habrocytus kansensis Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ., V, p.
3. 9.
Arthrolytus kayisensis Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 211. 9. Redescription,
based on same specimens as Habrocytus kanseyisis; both a synonym and homonym.
victoria Burks. Tex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Apanteles sp.
Catolaccus victoria Burks, 1954. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1093: 6. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 16 (syn.). — Bakkendorf, 1955. Ent. Meddel. 27:
137-143. -Boucek, 1961. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 34: 83-84 (syn.). —Graham, 1969.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 473-474 (syn.; Ichneumon cyniphidis Linnaeus,
1758 (Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, p. 567) might be the same as omnivorus).
Biology: Kirkland, 1902. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. (n. s.) 31: 95. -Fiske, 1903. N. H.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 182, 188, 217. -Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 370-371.
— Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 36, 153. Raizenne, —
1952. Canada Div. Forest Biol., Lep. South. Ont. and Par. pp. 95, 100. —Boucek and
808 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Sedivy, 1954. Folia Zool. et Ent. (3) 17: 176. —Keen, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1169: 25, 100. —
Bogavac, 1958. Zash. Bilja 46: 80. —
Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc.
Pub. 767: 89. —
Blais, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 388.
—
Capek, 1963. Banska Stiavnica Hosp.
Ved. Prace, no. 4, p. 267. —Forbes and Daviault, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1128. Postans, —
1964. Ent. Rec. and Jour. Var. 76: 166.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 499, 501-502 (immature stages).
tortricis (Brues). Que., Ont., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Wis., Minn., Wyo. Host: Choristoneura
conflictana (Walk.), C fuviiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Freem.; Apechthis Ontario (Cress.),
.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 738 (tr. to genus Amhlymerus). —Peck,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 557 (tr. to genus
Psychophagus). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent. Sup. 30: 698 (lectotype).
Biology: Dowden et al., 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 459, 461. —Daviault, 1950. Que. Soc. Prot.
Ann. Rpt. 31: 41. —Dowden and Carolin, 1950. Jour. Econ. Ent. 43: 779.
PI., McGugan —
and Blais, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 766, 770-776, 779. —Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 56: 267.
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1958. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach. (2) 1: 57-60. — Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl.
Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 550 (syn.).
cyrene (Walker). Fla.
Micronielus cyrene Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 2: 154. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 155.
ruflventris (Girault). Ga., Miss., Minn., Calif. Ecology: Parasitizes midge larvae developing in
pine resin. Host: Retinodiplosis sp.
Eurydinota nifiventris Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 212. 9.
Eurydinota lividicorpus Girault, 1917. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 12: 86. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 485 (syn.).
Biology: Anon., 1934. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 428: 101. —Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 29: 227-231. —
Beacher, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 532-544. —Schaffner, 1959. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 88.
grandiclava (Walker). Ind., Nebr., Wyo., Colo.; Europe. Introduced from Europe along with its
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 486 (syn.).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 809
intermedia Graham. W. Va., Tenn., Wyo., Colo.; Europe. Introduced from Europe along with
its host, but how or when is unknown. Host: Bathyplectes sp.
Sceptrothelys intermedia Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 486. 9,
6.
Many authors believe that this genus and Habrocytus Thomson are essentially inseparable.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 154 (lectotype; syn.).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 157.
eryx Walker. Fla.
Pteromalus Eryx Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 397. i. Type
fragmentary.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 158.
eurymi Gahan. Tenn., Kans., Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Colias eurytheme Bdv.
Pteromalus eurymi Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 435. 9, cJ.
Biology: Wildermuth, 1914. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 124: 21-23. — Wildermuth, 1920. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1094: 9.
euthymus Walker. Fla. Type lost.
Pteromalus Euthymus Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 393. S.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 158.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1262 (may be the same as Pteromalus
vanessae Howard, but poor condition of Provancher's type prevents a certain decision).
hemileucae Gahan. N. Mex.; Mexico. Host: Hemileuca oliviae Ckll.
Pteromalus hemileucae Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 210. 9.
puparum (Linnaeus). Newfoundland, Que. and Ont., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.;
Cosmopolitan. Accidentally introduced from Europe about a century ago. Host: Agraulis
vanillae(L.), Colias philodice (Godart), Cynthia cardui (L.), C. carye (Hbn.),
Epargyrens titynis (F.), Eurema lisa (Bdv. and LeC), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walk.),
Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenee), Limenitis archippus (Cramer), Malacosoma
americammi (F.), Ny7nphalis antiopa (L.), Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll, Pieris
protodice (Bdv. and LeC.), P. rapae (L.), Polygonia satyrus (Edw.), Thyridopteryx
810 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 489 (syn.).
Biology: Packard, 1877. In Hayden, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, Rpt. 9: 748-749.
—Saunders, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 185. —Saunders, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 193. —Webster,
1889. Ind. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 25: 13. -Chittenden, 1901. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui.
-Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 223-224.
(n. s.) 30: 70. Matheson, 1907. —
Canad. Ent. 39: 205. —
Doten, 1911. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 78: 20-24. -Wilson, 1919.
Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 45: 22-23. —
Twinn, 1924. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 54: 86.
—Parker and Thompson, 1925. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 18: 386. —
Faure, 1926. Contrib.
Etude Pieride du Chou, pp. 63-72. —
Essig, 1931. Hist, of Ent., pp. 331-333, 390.
— Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 153. Greenshields, —
1939. Amer. Nat. 73: 89-91 (genetics). —Richards, 1940. Jour. Anim. Ecol. 9: 282-285.
—Whiting, 1940. Amer. Nat. 74: 377-379 (genetics). —
Kurir, 1946. Zentbl. Gesam. Forst.
and Holzwirtsch. 70: 81-86. —Clausen, 1951. Jour. Econ. Ent. 44: 6. —Clausen, 1956. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 49. -Blunck, 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50: 836. —Wiltshire, 1958.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 110: 241. —
Masslenikova, 1958. Ent. Obozr. 37: 542.
—Blunck and Wilbert, 1959 (1957). Internatl. Cong. Crop Prot., Proc. 1: 1017. —Ho, 1962.
Ent. Sinica, Acta 11: 47. —
Kaitazoff, 1963. Sofia. Rast. Zashch. 11: 22. Bouletreau and —
David, 1967. Entomophaga 12: 1-4.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 267, 291, 309 (larva). —Burks, 1938.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 161 (wing venation). —
Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Misc. Coll. 99
(14): 36-37 (male genitalia). —Flanders, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 35: 254 (female
genitalia).
—
Domenichini, 1953. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach. 19: 248 (gaster).
vanessae Howard. Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Mont, and Calif. Host: Ascia monuste (L.),
Malacosoma disstria Hbn., Nymphalis antiopa (L.), Papilio cresphontes Cramer, P.
palamedes (Dru.), P. polyxenes asterius Stoll., P. thaos L., Polygonia comma (Harr.), P.
interrogationis (F.), Vanessa atalanta (L.).
Pteromalus puparum var. vanessae Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U.
S. and Canada, pp. 1872, 1890, 1891. 9.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 154.
venustus Walker. Ont., S. Dak., Alta., Idaho, Utah; Europe. Accidentally introduced, certainly
before 1965. Host: Megachile relativa Cress., M. rotundata {¥.).
Pteroviahis venustus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 494. 9.
Pteromalus planiscuta Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 4, p. 155. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 491 (syn.). —Peck, 1969.
Canad. Ent. 101: 418-422 (separation of various par. of Megachile rotundata).
Biology: Hobbs, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 781-784. -Peck, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 420-421.
—Hobbs and Krunic, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 674-685.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 811
aulacis Girault. Conn., Pa., Md., Ohio, Mich. Ecology: Emerges from stem gall of Aulacidea sp.
on wild lettuce.
Habrocytus aulacis Girault, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 180, 181. 9.
bedeguaris (Thomson). Maine, Ont., Colo., Idaho, B. C; Europe. Host: Diplolepis rosae (L.).
Etroxys (Habrocytus) Bedeguaris Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 123. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Callan, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 13: 90.
Biology: Voukassovitch, 1931. C. R. Soc. Biol. 106: 698. -Blair, 1945. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Proc. (A) 20: 26. —
Judd, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 728-730. —
Gijswijt, 1962. Ent. Ber. 22: 250.
borrow! Girault. Conn., Nebr., Colo., Idaho, Wash., Calif.
Habrocytus borrowi Girault, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 178, 179, 182. 9.
812 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Noble, 1932. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 5: 311-354. —Fulton, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 26: 536-553. —Fulton, 1937. hi Galtsoff, Culture Methods for Invertebrate Animals,
pp. 497-498.
coloradensis (Ashmead). Colo., Idaho.
Rhopalicus coloradensis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 27, 45. 9.
damo (Walker). Fla.
Pteromalus Damo Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 395. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 561. —Burks, 1975. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 156.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 561. —Burks, 1975. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 157.
Biology: Wildermuth and Gates, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 889: 19.
lividus Gahan. Colo. Host: Tachypterellus consors cerasi List.
Habrocytus lividus Gahan, 1931. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 21: 37. 9, 6.
Biology: List, 1932. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 385: 63.
medicaginis Gahan. Ont., Conn., N. Y., s. to Va., w. to Man., Oreg. and Calif.; Hawaii, Europe,
Asia, Africa, Australia. Host: Bruchophagus sp.
Habrocytus medicagijiis Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus, Proc. 48: 163. 9.
Biology: Urbahns, 1916. Jour. Agr. Res. 7: 147-153. —Williamson, 1918. Minn. State Ent,
Ann. Rpt. 17:106-109. —Urbahns, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 812: 18. Sorenson, 1930. —
Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 218: 27-32.— Nikol'skaya, 1934. Cent. Asia Sci. Res. Cotton Inst.,
Bui. 4-5: 128-129. —Sorenson, 1934. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters, Proc 11: 244.
— Beardsley, 1956. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 16: 11. —Butler and Hansen, 1958. Pan-Pacific
Ent. 34: 228. — Neunzig and Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 899. Carillo and —
Dickason, 1963. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 31.
melanicrus (Provancher). Que.
Seutiotelius melanicrus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 294. 9, S.
Habi-ocytus obsctiripes Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 26, 45. 9.
onerati (Fitch). Ont., N. Y., N. J. Ecology: Emerges from twig galls on oak.
Pteronialus onerati Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 812. 9, 6.
phycidis Ashmead. N. B., Ont., s. to Del., and Pa., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Acrobasis
juglandis (Le B.), A. rubrifasciella (Pack.), Archippus packardianus (Fern.),
Choristoneura fuDiiferana (Clem.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. malivorella Riley, C.
pruniella Clem., Dioryctria reniculella (Grote), Exoteleia pinifoliella Chamb.,
Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Habrocytus phycidis Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 157. 9.
Habrocytus dux Girault, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 181, 182. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (8): 8 (syn.).
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 27 (dtix). —Doner,
1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 226, 231. -Beacher, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 532-544.
— Raizenne, 1952. Canada Div. Forest Biol., Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par., p. 259.
— Legner, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., No. Cent. Br., Proc. 17: 116.
—
Di.xon and Benjamin, 1963.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267. —Legner and Oatman, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 731. —Cody et
al., 1967. Mich. Ent. 1: 163. —
Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1263 (immature stages).
piercei Crawford. Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., W. Va., Ohio, Wis., La., N.Dak., Tex., Colo., Calif.
Host: Anihononius gra^idis Boh., A. nnmculus Say, A. nebulosus Lee, Microlarinus
lareynii (duVal), M. lyprifonitis (Wall.), Tachypterellus consors cerasi List, T.
quadrigibbns (Say); Coleophora malivorella Riley.
Habrocytus piercei Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 443. 9.
Biology: Pierce etal., 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 52-63. —List, 1932. Colo.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 385: 59-61. -Hammer, 1936. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 240: 45.
—Gould and Geissler, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33: 815. —Wilson, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 968.
— Goeden and Ricker, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 827-831.
purpureiventris (Ashmead). Minn., Nebr., Kans., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Parasitic on a tephritid
maggot in the seeds of iron weed.
SyntasisH) purpureiventris Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App., P. VI. 9,
i.
Biology: Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 617. —Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 29:
230-234. —Balduf, 1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 179-180. —Raizenne, 1952. Canada Div.
Forest Biol., Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par., p. 170. —
Waddell, 1952. Ent. Soc. Brit.
Columbia, Proc. 48: 88. —
Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 89. Harman —
and Kulman, 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. —
Kulman, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 68, 864.
cupraeus (Provancher). Que., Ont. Host: Megachile albitarsis Cress., M., centruncularis (L.).
Semiotelhis cupraeus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 295. 6.
Seyniotellus cupreus Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 211. Emend.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93: 231 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. sup. 16: 627 (types).
Biology: Furniss, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1384 (life hist.).
Mesopolobus Westwood, 1833. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 2:
443.
Type-species: Mesopolobus fasciiventr is Westwood. Monotypic.
Platymesopus Westwood, 1833. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 2:
444.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 815
Taxonomy: Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93: 222-236 (syn.; types), —von Rosen, 1955.
Ent. Tidskr. 76: 88-90 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 655
(syn.).
816 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 628 (this sp. may be
some European Psilcmotus).
bruchophagi (Gahan). N. Y., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe. Host: Bruchophagus sp.
Eutelus bnichophagi Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 212. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: von Rosen, 1958. Opusc. Ent. 23: 207, 232. —von Rosen, 1960. Opusc. Ent. 25: 12.
mayetiolae (Gahan). Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Payk.); Mayetiola
destructor (Say); Harrnolita sp.
Eutelus mayetiolae Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 128. 9, cJ.
Biology: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 65-67. —Carlson et ai, 1952
(1951). Jour. Econ. Ent. 44: 963-964.
milleri (Crawford). Colo., N. Mex., Mont., Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
(Kearf.), C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., Laspeyresia
sp.
Zacalochlora milleri Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 251. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93: 235 (syn.; types), —von Rosen, 1960. Ent.
Tidskr. 82: 32-33 (syn.). —von Rosen, 1960. Opusc. Ent. 25: 9.
Biology: McLeod, 1953. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 49: 13-17. —
Walz, 1957. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 50: 220.
—
—von Rosen, 1958. Opusc. Ent. 23: 234. Jourdheuil, 1960. Ann. des
Epiphyt. 11: 462.
nobilis (Walker). Minn., S. Dak., Wyo., Colo.; Europe. Ecology: Phytophagous in grass seeds.
Host: Ave7ia sp., Bromus sp.
Platyterma nobile Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 304. 9.
Platyterma citripes Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 223. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93: 221 (types), —von Rosen, 1959. Ent. Tidskr.
80: 160 (syn.).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 817
Biology: von Rosen, 1962. K. Lantbr. Kogsk., Ann. 28: 144 (phytophagous).
oeax (Walker). Fla.
Pteromalus Oeax Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 395. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 160.
ruskini (Girault), n. comb. Colo.
Eutelus ruskini Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 113. 9.
salicis (Girault), n. comb. Mass. Ecology: Emerges from cecidomyiid gall on Salix.
Eutelus salicis Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 94. 9.
subfumatus (Ratzeburg). Ont., Que.? Introduced into southeastern Canada from Europe in the
1930's for biological control of Diprion spp.; not known to be established. Host: Diprion
sp., Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Pteromalus subfumatus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, pp. 236-237. 9.
Eutelus punctiger Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 75. 9.
Platytertna ecksteiui Wolff, 1916. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 3: 166-169. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Nowicki, 1939. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 25: 473 (syn.). — Otten, 1942. Arb. ueber.
Physiol, u. Angew. Ent. 9: 114-117. —von Rosen, 1958. Opusc. Ent. 23: 223-224. —Graham,
1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 768 (syn.; types).
Biology: Morris et al., 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 381-391. —Gauss, 1960. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent.
47: 50. —von Rosen, 1961. Ent. Tidskr. 82: 36.
verditer (Norton). N. B., Que., Ont, Maine, s. to N. J. and Pa., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host:
Archippus packardianus (Fern.), Barbara colfaxiana (Kearf.), C horistoneura
fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Freem., Dioryctria disclusa Hein., Epinotia nanana
(Treit.), Epizeuxis aemula (Hbn.), Taniva albolineana (Kearf.); Actia iyiterrupta Curr.;
Diprion similis (Htg.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Itoplectis conquisitor (Say),
Macrocentrus peroyieae Mues., Neodiprion abietis (Harr.), N. lecontei (Fitch), N. tsugae
Midd., Phytodietus fumiferanae Roh., P. vulgaris Cress.
Pteromalus verditer Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 327. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 738 (types). —
Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 40: 222. —von Rosen, 1958. Opusc. Ent. 23: 223-225 (Mesopolobus).
Biology: Britton, 1918. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 203: 283-284, 287-288. -Gahan, 1932. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 738. —
Dowden et al, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 459, 461. Dowden —
and Carolin, 1950. Jour. Econ. Ent. 43: 779. —
Raizenne, 1952. Canada Div. Forest Biol,
Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par., p. 221. —Benjamin and Drooz, 1954. Jour. Econ. Ent. 47:
589. —Keen, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 98-99. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 88.
—
Blais, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 388.
—
Kulman and Hodson, 1961.
Jour.Econ. Ent. 54: 222. —Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267. Paradis —
and Leroux, 1965. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 43: 58.
Taxonomy: Waterston, 1921. Roy. Soc, Rpt. Grain Pests Com. 9: 11. —Graham, 1957. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 93: 217.
requisitus Tucker. S. C, La. Host: Sitophilus oryza (L.).
Meraporus requisitus Tucker, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 344. S.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 681 (requisitus unlikely
to be a true Meraporus).
818 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 695 (might be the same
as the European asphondyliae Masi).
Taxonomy: Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 246 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 701-702.
Biology: Chamberlin, 1924. Jour. Econ. Ent. 17: 625. —Flanders, 1935. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
28: 438-444. —Strong, 1935. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Plant Quar., Ann. Rpt. for 1935, p.
59. —Flanders, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 35: 253 (eggs and ovaries). —Flanders, 1944.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 410 (diapause). —Coles and Puttier, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 611.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 316 (larvae). —Miller, 1972. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 1119-1124 (antennae).
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61(24): 10-12. —Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly
Mag. 92: 250.
dissimilis (Walker). Ont., Pa., Md., Va., 111.; Europe. Ecology: Either a primary or secondary
parasite of hosts developing in grass stems. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say);
Platygaster zosiue Walk.
Spa)iiopus dissi)uilis Walker, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 466. S.
Polyscelis modest2is Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 11. 9, c^.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 67-70 (vwdestus).
Biology: Myers, 1925 (1924). Jour. Agr. Res. 29: 289-295. -Hill and Smith, 1928. Jour. Agr.
Res. 36: 153-155. -Hill and Smith, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 182-183. -Gahan, 1934
(1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 67-70. —Hill et al., 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 689: 12-13. -Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 9-13.
Morphology: Hill and Smith, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 183-185 (immature stages).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 819
websteri (Ashmead). Md., Ind. Ecology: Emerges from stem gall on Lactnca ca)iade)tsis;
possibly parasitic on gall-making cynipid or its Eurytoma parasite.
Polyscelis Websteri Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati See. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 52. 9, 6.
Biology: Webster, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 36.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 32: 156.
eurypon (Walker). Fla.
Pteromalus eurypon Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 398. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 158.
habis (Walker). Fla.
Lantpretatus habis walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 155. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 32: 158.
inscitus (Walker). N. Y. Ohio; Europe. Host. Rhynchaenus pallicomis Say. Other carculionid
hosts recorded in Palearctic Literature.
Pteromalus inscitus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 499. 9.
Pteromalus affinis Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 492. 9.
Pteromalus tristis Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 500. 9.
Pteromalus niicrocenis Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 500. 9.
Pteromalus Deioclius Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 1, p. 240. 6.
Pteromalus reconditus Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 13. 9.
Pteromalus Diachymatis Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 203. S.
Pteromalus Orchestis Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 205. 9.
Pteromalus Lampe Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit Mus., Chalcid., v. 2, pp. 125, 192. 9.
Isocyrtus (Trichomalus) subnudus Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 140. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92:248-250 (syn.; types). —Graham, 1969. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent, Bui. Sup. 16: 728-729 (syn.; types).
perfectus (Walker). Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe. Host: Ceutorhynchus assimilis
(Payk.). Almost all North American literature about this species used the name
fasciatus Thomson, a misidentification.
Pteromalus perfectus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 488. 9.
Pteromalus decorus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 496. 9.
Pteromalus decisus Walker, 1835. Ent Mag. 3: 185. 9.
Pteromalus opulentus Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 26. 9.
Isocyrtus (Trichomalus) laevinucha Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 140. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1956 Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 250 (syn.; types). —Delucchi and Graham,
1956. Beitr. z. Ent. 8: 551, 571-572 (descr.; syn.). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent Sup. 30: 669
(correction of ident. of N. Amer. specimens). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat.Hist.) Ent.,
Bui. Sup. 16: 729 (types).
820 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 719 (syn.; characters of
gaster).
Revision: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 737-777 (Europe and N.
Amer.).
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 240-241. —
Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S.
leguminis Gahan. Wyo., Idaho, Utah, Nev., Oreg. Host: Bruchus pisorum (L.), Hypera postica
(GylL); Bathyplectes sp.
Eupteromalus leguminis Gahan, 1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 63. 9, <?.
peregrinus Graham. Que., Ont., Maine and Mass., s. to Del.; B. C, Wash., Oreg.; Europe.
Introduced from Europe beginning in 1906, first recovered in 1908 in Mass.; colonized in
Washington State beginning in 1931 and recovered in 1935. Host: Nygmia phaeorrhoea
(Donov.), Porthetria dispar (L.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.); Lydella sp.; Apanteles lacteicolor
Vier., A. melaiioscelus (Ratz.), Meteorus versicolor (Wesm.), Rogas unicolor (Wesm.).
When first introduced into North America from Europe this species was cited in North
American literature under the name nidulans Thomson (or incorrectly as nidulans
Foerster). This name was changed quickly to egregius Foerster (now considered a
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 821
Usage
misidentification). North American literature reverted to nidiilans about 1920
in
and remained there until 1956. That year Graham placed nidulans Thomson in
synonymy under apicalis Walker and lieniiptenis Walker. The first of these being
preoccupied, usage of heinipterus was followed. However, in 1969, in his revision of the
European and North American species of EupteroDialiis, Graham stated that there are
no undoubted North American records of hemipterus. He described peregrinus for the
European species that has been commonly known here as egregius or nidiilayis in a very
large amount of literature.
Eupteroinalus peregrinus Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 764. 9,
6.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1908. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1907, pp. 454-455. — Kurdjumov,
1912. Ent. Obozr. 12: 228-229. -Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 19. -Gahan, 1914. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 163. -Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv.,
Bui. 22: 773. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 764-765.
Biology: Fiske, 1910. Parasites of Gypsy and Brown-Tail Moths introd. into Mass., pp. 54-55.
—Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 61, 65, 69, 262, 268-278, 309.
— Johannsen, 1912. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 207: 457-458. —
Muesebeck, 1918. Jour. Agr.
Res. 14: 192, 201. -Burgess and Grossman, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1469: 18-19.
—Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 28-29. —Burgess and
Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 138-142. —Brown, 1931. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Cir. 176: 11-12. -Proper, 1931. Jour.Agr. Res. 43: 37-56. -Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res.
48: 368-369. -Jones et a/., 1938. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 459: 7-8, 14-19, 23-24. -Salt, 1941.
Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol. Rev. 16: 247-259. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1139: 103-104. -Russo, 1959. R. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 17: 176.
sarcophagae Gahan. Mich., Kans., Idaho, Ariz. Host: Blaesoxipha kellyi (Aid.).
Eupteromalus sarcophagae Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 163. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 75-82. —Hill and Pinckney,
1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 7-13 (immature stages).
Biology: Osborn, 1898. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. (n. s.) 16: 28-33. —Packard, 1916. Jour.
Agr. Res. 6: 377-381.
—
McColloch, 1923. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 11: 63, 67-69.
-Hill et al., 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 1-15. -Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Cir. 923: 2-4, 7, 9-14.
tachinae Gahan. Ont., Ohio, Ind., Tenn., Iowa, La., Kans., Tex. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.); Arckytas sp., Hypoderma lineatum (Vill.).
Eupteromalus tachinae Gahan, 1917. U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 211. 9.
Biology: Baker, 1915. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 45: 87 {Eupteromalus sp.).
viridescens (Walsh). Ont. and N. H., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Pyrausto7)iyia peiiitalis (Coq.); Apanteles congregatus (Say), A. limenitidis (Riley), A.
marginiventris (Cress.), A. medicaginis Mues., A. militaris (Walsh), A. papaipemae
Mues., A. smerinthi Riley, Bathyplectes curcuHonis (Thoms.), Bracon caulicola (Gah.),
B. lutus Prov., Cratichneumon astutus (Holmgr.), Diadegma insulaiis (Cress.),
Horogenes insularis (Cress.), Macrocentrus pallisteri DeG., Microplitis ceratomiae
Riley, M. gortynae Riley.
Glyphe viridascens Walsh, 1861. 111. State Agr. Soc. Trans. 4: 264, 370. 9.
Glyphe viridescens Walsh, 1865. 111. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 5: 11, 483. Emend.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 240.
822 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Girault, 1912. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 10: 31-46.
—
Balduf, 1929. Ohio Jour. Sci. 29:
226-227. 237. —Decker, 1935. Iowa State Coll., Jour. Sci. 9: 572-576. —Walker and
Anderson, 1936. Va. Truck Expt. Sta., Bui. 93: 1382-1383. —
Gilmore, 1938. Jour. Econ. Ent.
31: 715. -Hamlin et ai, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 975: 41, 44, 50-51, 55-58, 83.
—Harcourt, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 423. —Puttier 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 483.
dineutis (Ashmead). N. J., Mich., Iowa. Host: Dineutes asswiilis (Kirby), Gyrinus sp.
Cyrtogaster dineutis Ashmead, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 26. 9.
Biology: Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 83.
— Galtsoff et ai, 1937. Culture
Methods for Invertebrate Animals, pp. 496-497.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 778.
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 5 (Mormoniella). —Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 71 5 (Mormoniella). —Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36:
(4):
316 (type-species). —Peck, 1951 In Muesebeck, et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 559
(Nasonia). —Edwards, 1952. Ent. Monthly Mag. 88: 1056 (Mormoniella). Hedqvist,
—
1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica 11: 125 (Naso7iia).
vitripennis (Walker). Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Cosmopolitan. Host: Calliphora sp.,
C. vicina R.-D., Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coq.), C. macellaria (P.), Fannia sp., F.
canicularis (L.), F femoralis (Stein), F. scalaris (F.), Hubneria estigmenensis (Sellers),
.
Hypoderma sp., Lucilia sp., L. illustris (Meig.), Musca sp., M. do^nestica L., Omotoma
funiiferanae (Tothill), Opiiyra aenescens (Wied.), 0. leucostoma (Wied.), Phaenicia
eximia (Wied.), P. mexicana (Macq.), P. sericata (Meig.), Phortnia regina (Meig.),
Piophila casei (L.), Policies lardaria (F.), Protocallipliora avium S. and D., P. metallica
(Towns.), P. sialia S. and D., Sarcophaga sp., Sy7it)iesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp).
Pteromalus vitripennis Walker, 1836. Ent. Mag. 3: 492. 9.
Pteromalus muscaruni Hartig, 1838. Forstwiss. Forst. Naturk., Jahrb. 1: 256.
Pteromalus abnormis Boheman, 1856. Ofvers. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 15:58, 59. 9,
6.
Dicyclus palli7iervosus Walker, 1872. Notes on Chalcid., p. 117. 9.
Stictonotus insuetus Walker, 1872. Notes on Chalcid., p. 117. 9.
Mormoniella brevicomis Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. !• 316. 9.
Nasonia brevicomis Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 317. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 823
An. 24:
Platyinesopus macellariae Brethes, 1913. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat.,
92. 9.
Appl. Ent. and Zool. 154. —Saunders, 1962. Jour. Insect Physiol. 8: 309. — Nagel and
5:
Pimentel, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 208. -Wylie, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 881-886. -King and
Hopkins, 1963. Jour. Expt. Biol. 40: 751-761. —Beard, 1964. Jour. Insect Path. 6: 1-7.
—Nagel and Pimentel, 1964. Ecology 45: 658-660. —Wylie, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1023.
—Wylie, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 279-286, 970-977. —Saunders, 1966. Jour. Ins. Physiol. 12:
570. -Whiting, 1967. Quart. Rev. Biol. 42: 333-406. -Wylie, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 742-748.
-Walker, 1967. Ecology 48: 294. -Chabora, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 763. —Barras, 1969.
Behaviour 35: 304-312. —Wylie, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 886-894. —Chabora and Pimentel,
1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 479-486. —Chabora and Chabora, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 64: 558-562. -WyUe, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 1537-1544.
1904.
Pteromalus subg. Trickoglenus Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, pp. 146, 149.
Type-species: Pteromalus complanatus Ratzeburg. Monotypic.
824 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
T-richoglenes Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 225. Emend.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.). Ent., Bui Sup. 16: 782-783 (identity of
complanatus Ratzeburg questionable; application to Internatl. Comn. may be necessary).
occidentalis (Ashmead). Conn., Wis., Minn., Man., Sask., Alta., B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host:
Chrysops sp., C. aestuayis Wulp, C. excitans Walk., C.frigidus 0. S., C.furcatus Walk.,
C. ynifus 0. S., C. nigripes Zett, Hyhomitra affinis (Kby.), H. frontalis (Walk.), Tabanus
sp.
Trichoglenes occidentalis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 225. 9.
Biology: Philip, 1931. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 80: 68. —Miller, 1951 Canad. Jour.
Zool. 29: 261. -James, 1952. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. 82: 70-74. —James, 1964 (1963). Canad.
Ent. 95: 1229-1231 (life hist.).
Revision: Hedqvist, 1959. Opusc. Ent. 24: 177-184. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.)
Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 784-787.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 221-222 (syn.).
peratripes (Girault). N. C.
Nasonia peratripes Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 1.
9.
Taxonomy: Hedqvist, 1959. Opusc. Ent. 24: 184. —Whiting, 1967. Quart. Rev. Biol. 42: 336.
Ashmead. Maine, s. to N. C, w. to Idaho and Calif. Host: Ips sp., /. calligraphus
tibialis
/.
(Germ.), /. confusus (Lee), /. grandicollis (Eich.), /. oregoni (Eich.), pini (Say),
Orthotomicus caelatus (Eich.), Pityophthorus sp.
Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 283. 9.
Biology: Hopkins, 1914 (1913). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 160.
—
Reid, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89:
7-8. —
Ruckes, 1963. Pan-Pacific Ent. 39: 45.
—
Bedard, 1965. Boyce Thompson Inst. Plant
Res., Contrib. 23: 77-81. —Rice, 1969. Boyce Thompson Inst. Plant Res., Contrib. 24:
189-194. -Rice, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 1-8 (flight).
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 796-797
{Pseudomicromelus Gahan and Pagan, name formerly used for this genus in the Holarctic
region, is generically different and is Australian).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 825
deplanata (Nees). Calif.; Europe. Ecology: Adults often swarm in buildings, congregating on
windows. Host: A7iarsia lineatella Zell. Other lepidopterous hosts recorded in
Palearctic literature.
Pteromaius cleplanatus Nees, 1934. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 110. $, 6.
Orniocerus simplex Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 169. cJ.
Pteromaius doviesticus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 481. 9.
Pteromaius Artemon Walker 1839. Monog. Chalcid. v. 1, p. 218. 6.
Pteromaius Merope Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 1, p. 219. cJ.
Pteromaius Phasis Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., pt. 2, pp. 123, 175. 6.
Pteromaius Acco Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., pt. 2, pp. 124, 177. 9.
Pteromaius Androbius Walker, 1848. List Hym. Brit. Mus., Chalcid., pt. 2, pp. 126, 200. 9.
Biology: Scott, 1919. Ent. Monthly Mag. 55: 13-16. —Scott, 1922. Ent. Monthly Mag.
58:
56-60. —Gahan, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 44.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1924. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 12: 174. (syn. of Dibrachys).
diprionis Gahan. Que., Ont., Maine, Mass., Minn.; Europe. Host: Diprion siviilis (Htg.),
Gilpinia frutetonim (F.), G. hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), N. pinetum
(Nort.) N. pratti (Dyar), N. sertifer (Four.), Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), P. dimmockii
(Cress.), Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.).
Tritneptis diprionis Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
40: 217. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 479, 482, 483, 500 (immature stages).
Taxonomy: Girault, 1924. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 12: 174 (syn. of bouckeamis
Ratzeburg).
—Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 217 (Girault's syn. incorrect).
Biology: Glendenning, 1924. Canada Dept. Agr., Pam. (n. s.) 50: 13 (.lipardis). — Schaffner
and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr, Misc. Pub. 188: 6, 153. — Jaynes and Marucci, 1947.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 40: 11. -Brunson, 1957. Jour.Econ. Ent. 50: 375. -Allen, 1962. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 102. -McNay, 1963. Canad. Ins. Pest Rev. 41: 20.
klugii (Ratzeburg). Que., Ont., Maine, Mich., Wis., Minn., Man., Sask., Mont., B. C., Wash., Oreg.,
CaHf.; Europe. Possibly introduced from Europe along with its sawfly hosts; records
have not been found. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley,
Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh., N. sertifer (Four.), N. tsugae Midd., Pristiphora
erichsonii (Htg.). North American literature about this species before 1939 is mostly
under the name neinaticida Packard; type of Packard's species has not been found, but
it is most likely a syn of Dibrachys cavus (Walker).
Biology: Hewitt, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 297. —Hewitt, 1912. Canada Dept. Agr.,
Div. Ent. Bui.
5: 28-31. —Swaine, 1912. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 43: 87.
— Finlayson and Reeks, 1936.
Canad. Ent. 68: 163. -Finlayson, 1939 (1938). Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 69: 34-35.
—Furniss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49-51. —Hopping et al., 1943. Sci. Agr.
24 54-61. -Lejeune and Hildahl, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86: 337-344. -Graham, 1956. Forest
Sci. 2: 152-153. -Struble, 1957. Forest Sci. 3: 312. -Griffiths, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 508.
-Schneiderman and Horwitz, 1958. Jour. Expt. Biol. 35: 520-551. -Drooz, 1960. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui 1212: 33. -Ohnesorge, 1962. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 49:
142. -Gauss,
1964. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 54: 226.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 483, 500 (immature stages).
koebelei Gahan. Calif. Possibly a parasite of Caliroa cerasi (L.).
218. 9, cJ.
Tritneptis koebelei Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40:
scutellata (Muesebeck). N. H., Mass., Conn. Host: Apayiteles melanoscelus (Ratz.).
Coelopisthia scutellata Muesebeck, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 331. 9, cJ.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 27.
Revision: Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 11: (Central European fauna).
—Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 804-814 (European fauna).
Genus DIBRACHYS Subgenus ALLODIBRACHYS Boucek
Dibrachys subg. Allodibrachys Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 11: 30.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 804 (Ratzeburg
described no species of Dibrachys, but fragmentary remains of a specimen in Vienna
identified by him as Dibrachys look like a Colotrechnus).
cavus (Walker). Newfoundland, Que., N. S., N. B., Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Alaska, B. C. and
if all known host
Calif; worldwide. Ecology: This is the most polyphagous of chalcids;
records are correct, it may be a primary, secondary, or tertiary parasite, attacking many
orders of insects, plus spiders. Host: Epeira sp., E.foliata (Fourc), Philodromus
aureoius (Oliv.); Forficula auricularia L.; Chrysopa sp., C. califomica Coq., C. lateralis
Guer., C. majuscula Banks, C. oculata Say, C. rufilabris Burm., Sympherobius
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 827
pallipes (Fall.), Phorniia regina (Meig.), Phryxe vulgaris (Fall.), Protocalliphora sp.,
Pseudopeticliaeta erecta (Coq.), Pyraustoniyia penitalis (Coq.), Rhagoletis cingulata
(Loew); Apanteles clisiocanipae Ashm., A. glomeratus (L.), A. hyphantriae Riley, A.
lacteicolor Vier., A. nielanosceliis (Ratz.), Are^ietra caiiadeiisis Cress., Ascogaster
qitadridentata Wesm., Bathyplectes sp., B. airculionis (Thorns.), Bathythrix pimplae
How., Bracon sp., B. gelechiae Ashm., Cainpoplex phthorimaeae (Cush.), C. validus
(Cress.), Casinaria linienitidis (How.), Chelonus shoshoneononim Vier., Diadegma
acutum (Vier.), Dibrachys sp., Diprion siviHis (Htg.), Erigorgus sp., Gambnis
extrematis (Cress.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Habrocytus sp., H. phycidis Ashm.,
Hyposoter fugitivus (Say), H. pilosulus (Prov.), Iseropus coelebs (Walsh), Itoplectis
belirensii (Cress.), /. conquisitor (Say), Macrocentnis sp., M. ancylivorus Roh., M.
peroneae Mues., Mastrus carpocapsae (Cush.), M. pilifrons (Prov.), M. smithii (Pack.),
Megachile sp., Meteorus sp., M. acronyctae Mues., M. C07)nnunis Cress., M. hyphantriae
Riley, M. versicolor Wesm., Nematus ribesii (Scop.), Neodiprion abietis (Harr.), N.
abbotii (Leach), A^. excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N. pratti (Dyar), N. sertifer.
Artkrolytus apatelae Ashmead, 1893. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Ser., Bui. 1: 162. 9.
Arthrolytus pimplae Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 339. 9, S.
Trichomalus trujilloi Blanchard, 1937. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 41: 178. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 211 (syn.). -Gahan, 1942. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 92: 45-46 (syn.). —
Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 20-47 (taxonomy of
immature stages).
—
Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 11: 30 (variation).
—Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 810-811 (syn.; types; Diplolepis
microgastri Bouche, 1834 (Naturgesch. der Ins., p. 168), types of which are presumed lost,
might be the same as cavus).
Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 7, 35-38, 49-52. -Fiske,
1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 182, 206-208, 213, 220, 224-227. -Brodie, 1909.
Canad. Ent. 41: 8. -Smith, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser. 19: 55, 62. —Smith, 1916.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 484. -Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427: 33-36, 40-46. -Graham,
1918. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 11: 175-182.— Middleton, 1923. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1182:
16-17. —Howard, 1925. Ent. News 36: 130. —
Balduf, 1926. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 19: 497.
-Flanders, 1926. Pan-Pacific Ent. 3: 44. -Paddock, 1926. Amer. Bee Jour. 66: 555.
-Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 4, 12, 25-27. -Allen, 1932.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 362-365. —
Garman and Brigham, 1933. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
356: 77-78. -Hoffmann, 1936. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 31: 211. -Marsh, 1936. Canad. Ent.
68: 215-216. —Marsh, 1937. Ecology 18: 108-111. —Morris et al., 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28:
383, 390-391. —Cristobal, 1938.
—
La Plata Univ., Lab. Zool. Agr., Bol. 4: 5. Gontarski, 1939.
Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Oekol. der Tiere 35: 203-220. —
Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 728: 44, 53, 54. —
Boyce, 1941. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 71: 41. —Lloyd, 1944. Sci. Agr.
24: 459,462, 468.— Simmonds, 1944. Bui. Ent. Res. 35: 225.— Simmonds, 1944. Sci. Agr. 25:
1-30. -Wellington, 1945. Jour. Econ. Ent. 38: 396. —Clancy, 1946. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent.
7: 459. —
Doutt and Finney, 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40: 577. —Baker et al., 1949. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 178. —Smith and Kido, 1949. Hilgardia 19: 50-51. —Craighead,
1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657: 615-616. —Flanders, 1954. Ecology 35: 248.
— Harville, 1956. Microentomology 20: 116, 129, 137. —Reeks and Smith 1956. Canad. Ent.
88: 572-573. —Lyons, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89: 75. —
Langston, 1957. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent.
14: 6-25. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 29-30, 89. -Baeva, 1959.
Akad. Nauk. Tadzh. SSR Inst. Zool. and Par., Trudy 119: 55, 69, 77. -Richter, 1960. Ent.
Ztschr. 70: 115. — Wylie, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 120. — BendeWanssen, 1962. Ztschr. f.
Pflanzenkrank. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 103-106. —Dixon
9: 527.
and Benjamin, 1963 Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267. —
Halstead, 1963. G. B. Pest Inf. Res. Bd.,
Rpt. for 1962, pp. 5-6. —
Legner and Oatman, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 731. —Becker and
Benjamin, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 356.
—
Tza, 1964. Acta Ent. Sinica 13: 689. Mook —
and Haeck, 1965. Arch. Neerland de Zool. 16: 302. —
Kamenova, 1967. Zool. Zhur. 46: 1800.
-Moiseenko, 1967. Minsk. Akad. Nauk BSSR, Dok. 15: 86-87.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 267, 290, 308 (larvae). —Morris et
al., 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 383-384 (larvae). —Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 501
(immature stages).
confusus (Girault). N. B., Ont., D. C, Wis., Man., Sask., Alta., Idaho, B. C; Europe. Host:
Megachile sp.
Coelopisthia confusa Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 246. 9.
Dibrachys viaculipennis Szelenyi, 1957. Inst. Prot. PI. Hung., Ann. 8: 307. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Peck, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 418-422.
daphne Girault. Tex., Wash., Calif. Host: Sympherobius barberi (Banks), S. califo-niicus Banks.
Dibrachys daphne Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 9.
9.
saltans (Ratzeburg). Md., Va., N. Dak., Wash.; Europe. Host: Cladius sp.
Pteroviahis saltans Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 232. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 212 (syn.; Ratzeburg types examined in
1927). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 809 (Ratzeburg type now
destroyed, status of species questionable).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 829
Taxonomy: Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 260 (druso Walker). —Graham, 1969. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 815-816 (use of druso for this species an error; syn.).
Agr. 15: 11. —Coles and Puttier, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 611.
— Ismailov, 1967. Zashch.
Rast. 12: 35.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 155.
moneilemae Gahan. Tex. Host: Moneilema ulkei Horn.
Neocatolaccus moneilemae Gahan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 484. 9,6.
tylodermae (Ashmead). N. H., s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Ill, Kans., Ariz. Host: Ampelogiypter
sesostris (Lee), Cylindrocopturus longulus (Lee), Lixus musculus Say, L. parens Lee,
L. scrobicollis Boh., Microlarinus lyprifomiis (Woll.), M. lareynii (du V.), Onychobaris
subtonsa Lee, Trichobaris texana Lee, Tyloderma foveolatum Say.
Catolaccus tylodermae Ashmead, 1893. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Ser., Bui. 1: 161. 9, 6.
Biology: Wester, 1956. Ent. Soe Wash., Proe 58: 286. — Goeden and Ricker, 1970. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 63: 827-831.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 28.— Proper, 1934. Jour
Agr. Res. 48: 361.— Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 226 —
Raizenne, 1952. Canada
830 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Div. Forest Biol, Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par., p. 258. —Hill and Hough, 1957. Va.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 130: 16. -Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267.
percussor Girault. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Apanteles sp., A.
polychrosidis Vier., A. snierinfhi Riley, Bracon politiventris (Cush.), Diadegma eureka
(Ashm.), D. pterophome (Ashm.), Heterospilus atriceps (Ashm.), Hyposoter sp., Itoplectis
quadricingulatus (Prov.).
Hypopterontalus percussor Girault, 1917. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 12: 118. 9. Emend, to
persursor by Essig, 1926 (Ins. West. No. Amer., p. 823).
Biology: Waddell, 1952. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 48: 87-88.
tabacum (Fitch). N. B., Que., s. to Fla., w. to Minn., Iowa, Kans., Tex. Host: Apanteles sp., A.
congregatus (Say), A. nielanoscelus (Ratz.), Microplitis ceratoniiae Riley. Often misdet.
as viridescens Walsh, in old literature.
Pteromahis Tabacum Fitch, 1864. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 23: 792. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 241.
Biology: Webster, 1912. Iowa Acad. Sci., Proc. 19: 209-213 (viridescens).
—
Muesebeck and
Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 28. —Fulton, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
32: 231-244. —
Raizenne, 1952. Canada Div. Forest Biol., Forest Lep. South. Ont. and Par.,
p. 10.
—Lawson, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52: 743.
Heteroschema prima Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 126. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1921. Genova, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. (3) 9: 236. —Graham, 1956. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 92: 255. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 818.
latus (Walker). Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Minn., Wyo., Idaho; Europe. Host: Chrysomela alnicola
Brown, C. interrupfa (F.), C. knabi Brown, C. scripta (F.), Plagiodera versicolora
(Laich.). Much of the literature published in North America used the name sieboldi
Ratzeburg, a Palearctic species that apparently does not occur here.
Pteromalus latus Walker, 1835. Ent. Mag. 2: 481. 9.
Arthrolytus i)icongnteus Masi, 1907. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 1: 252. 9, 6.
Coelopisthia smithii Gahan, 1913. Canad. Ent. 45:179.
Biology: Cushman, 1918 (1917). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 128.
—
Dowden, 1939. Jour. Agr.
Res. 58: 581-592. —Craighead, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657: 616.
rotundiventris (Girault). N. J., Md., Va. Host: Plagiodera versicolora (Laich.).
Ta.xonomy: Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 257 (Ashmead's designation of cephalotes
as type-species of Coelopisthia based on a misidentification of that species by Thomson).
— Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 665 (use of Coelopisthia in conventional sense should
be retained and the matter referred to the Internatl. Comn.).
bicarinata Girault. N. H., Md., D. C, Ind. Ecology: Emerges from nest of Vespula sp.
Coelopisthia bicarinata Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 57. 9, S.
J., 111., La. Host: Apantesis nais (Drury), Catocala sp.
forbesii (Dalla Torre). N. Y., N.
Pteromalus pallipes Forbes, 1885. 111. State Dept. Agr., Trans. 22: App., pp. 46, 49. Preocc.
by Spinola, 1808.
Pteromalus Forbesii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 125. N. name.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 145-146.
fumosipennis Gahan. Md. Ecology: Emerges from lepidopterous pupa.
Coelopisthia fumosipe7inis Gahan, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 431. 9.
intermedia Girault. D C.
Coelopisthia intermedia Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 57. 9.
suborbicularis (Provancher). Que., N. H., Md., 111.
Semiotellus suborbicularis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 296. 9.
1927. Ent.
Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 182, 197, 228. -McAtee,
Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 182. —
Langston, 1957. Cahf. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 14: 37, 40.
Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, 1910. Psyche 17: 145. 9, cJ.
Morphology: Sanger and King, 1971. Entomologist 104: 137-149 (male genitalia).
zaraptor Kogan and Legner. Kans., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Musca domestica Linn.
Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1279-1285. 9, d.
Biology: Wylie, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 1537-1544 (oviposition).
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Ent. Obozr. 13: 15-16. —Graham, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93:
217. —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 823.
distinguendus (Foerster). Ont., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Cosmopolitan. Ecology: Almost
always taken as a parasite of Coleoptera infesting stored products, but occasionally
collected in open country, usually in the Tropics. Host: Bruchus brachialis Fahr.,
Lasiodemia serriconie (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Stegobium paniceum (L.),
Sitophilus granarius (L.), S. oryzae (L.), S. zeamaize Mots.
Pteromalus distinguendus Foerster, 1840. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 17. <J.
Pteromalus Calamis Walker 1849. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 3: 207. 9, cJ.
Pteromalus oryzinus Rondani, 1874. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 6: 131.
Meraporiis utibilis Tucker, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 341. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1921 (1920). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 239 (syn.). —
Waterston, 1921. Roy.
Soc, Rept. Grain Pests Com. 9: 9, 13-15 (syn.). —
Ruschka, 1921. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 7:
463-465 (syn.). -Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 824 (syn.).
Biology: Hase, 1920 (1919). Gesell. f. Naturf. Freunde, Sitzber., pp. 402-432. Nakayama, —
1931. Agr. Expt. Sta., Chosen, Jour. 18: 65.— Smirov and Polejaev, 1937. Zool. Zhur 16:
999-1012. -Pechuman, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 563. —Bare, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35:
185. —
McNay, 1954. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 84: 149. —
Kashef, 1956 (1955). Soc. Ent. de
France, Ann. 124: 58-88. —Kashef, 1959. Soc. Ent. Egypte, Bui. 43: 171. —Kashef, 1961.
Ztschr. f. Parasitenk. 21 65-70. —Kashef, 1964. Behaviour 23: 31-42. Gonen and Kugler, —
1970. Israel Jour. Ent. 5: 133-140. —Van den Assem, 1971. Arch. Neerland Zool. 21
372-402.
Morphology: Kashef, 1954. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 59: 93-96 (immature stages).
dryorhizoxeni (Ashmead). Pa., Fla. Ecology: Emerges from root gall on live oak formed by
Belonocneyjia (=Dryorhizoxenus) treatae Mayr.
Macroglenes dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 133. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 175.
texanus Crawford. S. C, Ga., Miss., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Algarobius prosopis
(Lee), Anthonomus grandis Boh., Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Mimosestes sallaei
(Sharp).
Lariophagus texanus Crawford, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 11: 51. 9, S.
Biology: Pierce et ai, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 42, 52-62. Bissell, 1940.
—
Jour. Econ. Ent. 33: 845. —Hinckley, 1960. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 17: 267. —Hinckley,
1961. Ecology 42: 529.
Columbia, Proc. 49: 14-16. -Walz, 1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 220. Neunzig and —
Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 899-901.
—
Carillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State Agr.
Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 25, 31.
published before 1950 cite Diplosis catalpae Comstock as host, but that is a cecidomyiid
that is now considered to be unplaced.
Zatropis catalpae Crawford, 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 159. 9, S.
Biology: Gossard, 1908. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 197: 12.— Quaintance and Shear, 1921. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1220: 11. —
Neiswander, 1962. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui.
915: 16.
chalcis Burks. S. C, Fla. Host: Antlionomus grandis Boh., A. timrberiae Pierce.
Zatropis chalcis Burks, 1955. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 57: 34. 9, cJ.
coeliodis (Ashmead). Conn., N. J., Va., Ga. Host: Acaiithoscelis acephalus (Say), Chalcodermus
inaequicollis Horn.
Catolaccus coeliodis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 226. 9,6.
dymnus (Walker). Fla.
Pteromalus Dymnus Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 397. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 157.
hermeas (Walker). Fla.
Pteromalus Hermeas Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 19: 394. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 159.
incertus (Ashmead). N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico, Cent. Amer., W. I.
Host: Acanthoscelides homi (Pic), A. siibmuticus (Sharp), Anthonomus aeneolus Dietz,
A. albopilosus Dietz, A. aphanostephi Pierce, A. disjuncttis Lee, A. eugenii Cano, A.
fulvus Lee, A. grandis Boh., A. nigrinus Boh., A. signatus Say, Apioyi sp., A. crassum
Fall, A. decoloratum Smith, A. griseum Smith, A. yiigrum Smith, Auleutes tenuipes
Lee, Baris ciineipennis Casey, Bruchus brachialis Fahr., Ceutorhynchus sp.,
Chalcodermus aeneus Boh., C. inaequicollis Horn., Rhynchaenus pallicomis (Say),
Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Smicraulax tuberculatus Pierce, Smicronyx fulvus (Lee),
Tachypterellus concors cerasi List, T. quadrigibbits (Say), Zygobaris xayithoxyli Pierce.
Catolaccus incertus Ashmead, 1893. In Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 186. 9,
6.
Biology: Pierce, 1908. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 73: 25-48. —Pierce et a/., 1912. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 51-67, 91-92.— Pierce and Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soe Wash.,
Proc. 17: 165-166. —Tucker, 1922. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 144. —
Fenton and Dunham,
1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 112: 66. -List, 1932. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 385:
63-64. -Balduf, 1959. 111. Biol. Monog. 26: 146.
nigroaeneus (Ashmead). Conn., Va., Fla., Mo., Nebr. Ecology: Emerges from galls made by
Lepidoptera, Diptera or Coleoptera.
Catolaccus nigroaeneus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 338. 9, cJ.
perdubius (Girault). Mass., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Ohio, 111., Minn. Host: Anthonomiis grandis Boh.,
A. musculus (Say), A. nubiloides Fall, A. signatus (Say), Smicronyx tychoides Lee.
Catolaccus perdubius Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 114. 9, 6.
Biology: Cross and McGovern, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 674.
rosaecolis Burks. Wis., Ill, Minn., Mo., Nebr. Host: Rhynchites bicolor (F.).
Zatropis rosaecolis Burks, 1955. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 57: 32. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 161.
tortricidis Crawford. Pa., Fla., Wis., Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Etiella zinckenella (Treit.),
Polychrosis viteana (Clem.).
Zatropis tortricidis Crawford, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 172. 9, cJ.
Biology: Flanders, 1930. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 19: 418.
— Bianchi, 1940. Hawaii. Ent.
Soc, Proc. 10: 380.
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1955. Univ. Lund, Acta (2) 50: 173 (syn.). —Graham, 1969. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. Sup. 16: 827 (syn.).
1
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 835
townsendi (Ashmead). Va., N.C., S.C, Ga., Ind., 111., Wis., Mont., Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico,
West Indies, Japan. Host: Azya trinitatis Marsh., Cryptognatha nodiceps Marsh., C.
siniilltDia Sicard, Hypemspis lateralis Muls., Pentilia insidiosa Muls., Scymnus sp., S.
guttulatus Lee.
Scyninophagus townsendi Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 319. 9, 3.
Ta.xonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316 (types of townsendi and
niexicana the same specimens). —Burks, 1954. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1093: 13 (syn.).
-Delucchi, 1954. Bui. Ent. Res. 45: 265. -Graham, 1956. Ent. Monthly Mag. 92: 256
(generic placement).
Family EURYTOMIDAE
By B. D. Burks
Although phytophagous chalcidoids are to be found scattered among several families, there is
a higher proportion of phytophagous species in the Eurytomidae than in any other chalcidoid
family. Many of the eurytomids develop in seeds, and others are gall formers. Many others, how-
ever, are parasites and some are both parasitic and phytophagous in their development. These
latter begin development as parasites and then complete it as phytophagous feeders. Malyshev,
1968 (Genesis of the Hymenoptera, English translation, London, pp. 35, 53, 67), considers the Eu-
rytomidae the most primitive family of the Chalcidoidea, and he discusses types of larval
development in this family. There are very few other workers in Hymenoptera that agree with
Malyshev that the Eurytomidae is the most primitive family of the Chalcidoidea; the prevailing
and morphology, is that the Torymidae is the most primitive.
opinion, based on both habits
Revision: Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 1-89 (World genera).
Subfamily RILEYINAE
Biology: Smith, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 479. —Smith, 1930. Univ. Calif. Pubs.,
Ent. 5:
165-172. —Smith, 1931 (1930). Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 505: 11-12. Udine and —
Pinckney, 1940. Pa. State Acad. Sci., Proc. 14: 81-84.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 271 (synonymy).
similaris Gahan. Tex. Ecology: Reared from galls on leguminous trees, prob. Mimosa or
Leucaena. Host: Asphondylia sp.
Rileya similaris Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 148. 9,6.
Subfamily HARMOLITINAE
Genus HARMOLITA Motschulsky
Isosoma Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 13-14. Preocc. by Billberg, 1820.
The members of this genus are commonly called jointworms. The larvae make galls in the
stems of cereal grains and grasses.
Revision: Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 433-471 (Nearctic spp.).
-Hedicke, 1921. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 86, A, 11: 1-167 (Palearctic spp.). —Phillips, 1936. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 1-25 (Nearctic spp.).
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 7-8 (generic characters). Gahan, —
1922. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 24: 33-58 (world host data). —Gahan, 1957. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 52: 82-83 (Harmolita type-species). —
Claridge, 1958. Ent. Monthly Mag. 94: 81-85
(Tetramesa). —Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 175-216 (Holarctic spp.).
-Burks, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 51-54, 82-86.
1971.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 211.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 15-16. -Phillips and Poos,
1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 421. -Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 475, 483.
bambusae Phillips. Ga., Ala.; S. Russia, China, Japan. Host: Bamboo. Grasses of the tribe
Bambuseae.
HartHolita bavibmae Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 20. 9.
captiva (Lintner). N. Y., Ind., 111. Said to have been reared from wheat.
Isosoma captivum Lintner, 1888. N. Y. State Mus., Nat. Hist., Rpt. 41: 34. 9, cJ.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 212 (syn.).
elymi (French). Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Elymus canadensis, E.
glaucus, E. virginicus.
Isosoma Elymi French, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 10. 9.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 20. —Phillips and Poos,
1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475.
838 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
elymicola Phillips and Emery. N. Y., Va., Ohio, Mich., 111., Mo. Host: Elynius spp.
Harmolita elymicola Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 460. ?, d.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 21. -Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 409, 416, 421.
elymivora Phillips and Emery. Va., Ohio, Ind., 111., Ark., Kans. Host: Elymus spp.
Harmolita elymivora Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 464. 9-, i.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 21. -Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 421.
elymophaga Phillips and Emery. Wash., Calif. Host: Elyinus coiidensatiis, E. triticoides.
Harmolita elywophaga Phillips, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 127. 9,6.
elymophila Phillips and Emery. Calif. Host: Elymus spp.
Harmolita elymophila Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 462. 9, S.
elymophthora PhiUips and Emery. N. Dak., Nebr. Host: Elymus spp.
Hannolita elymophthora Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 465. 9, i.
festucae Phillips and Emery. N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., Ohio. Host: Festtica sp., F. elatior. This
may be a synonym of the European Harmolita giraudi von Schlechtendal.
Harmolita festucae Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 454. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 194.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 18-19. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475, 483.
flavicoxa Phillips. N. Mex. Host: Elymus sp.
Harmolita flavicoxa Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 13. 9, i.
gahani Phillips. S. Dak. Host: Elymus sp.
Harmolita gahani Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 18. 9.
gillettei Phillips and Emery. Colo.
Harmolita gillettei Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 467. 9.
grandis (Riley). Ont., N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: This species has two
generations per year, an apterous early spring generation (form minuta) and a late
spring or early summer winged generation (form grandis). Host: Triticum spp., cereal
wheats. This may be a synonym of the European Hannolita aptera (Portschinsky).
Wheat strawworm.
Isosoma tritici Riley, 1882. Amer. Nat. 16: 247. 9. Preocc. by Fitch, 1859.
Isosoma grandis Riley, 1884. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 111. 9. Winged gen.
Isosoma grande form minutuvi Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 10.
Wingless gen.
Urios vestali Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 176. 9.
Biology: Webster and Reeves, 1909. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Cir. 106: 1-11. — Gossard,
1911. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 233: 66. —
Doane, 1916. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Monthly
Bui. 5: 69-72. —Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 6-8. —Phillips and Poos, 1921.
Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 409, 421. —
Knowlton, 1931. Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 414-416. —
Knowlton,
1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 1169-1170. —Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 243: 1-8. — Balachowsky and Mesnil, 1935. aux Plantes Cult., v. 1, p.
Ins. nuisables
1087. —Smith, 1943. Kansas State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 62: 394. —Flanders, 1950. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 43: 719. -Phillips and Poos, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1323: 1-6.
— Knowlton and Lieberman, 1954. Utah Agr. Col., Ext. Cir. 194, 2pp. —Painter et al.,
1954. Kansas Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 367: 43.
Hesperus Phillips and Emery. N. Dak., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Utah. Host: Elymus spp.
Harmolita hesperus Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 457. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 839
Biology: Gossard, 1911. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 233: 70. -Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bui. 808: 11-13. —Cannon, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 28. —Sterling and MacLaren, 1964. Canad.
Jour. Plant Sci. 44: 53-56.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 163.
linearis (Walker). N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich., Ind.; Europe, Asia. Host: Agropyron spp.
Isosoma lineare Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 22. 9.
Harmolita atlantica Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 461. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 192 (syn.).
— Zerova, 1966.
Zool. Zhur. 45: 1508.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., BuL 808: 19-20. —Phillips and Poos,
1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 409, 416, 421. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 475, 483. —Bailey,
1960. Entomologist 93: 40 (parasites).
lolii Gahan. Oreg., Calif. Host: Lolium multiflorum, L. temulentum.
Harmolita lolii Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl.Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 9. 9, 6.
longicornis (Walker). N. Y., Va., S. Dak., Oreg.; Europe. Host: Phalaris arundinacea.
Isosoma longicorne Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 17. 6.
Harmolita phalaridis Phillips and Poos, 1922. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 14: 531. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 209 (syn.).
longipetiolata Phillips. N. Dak. Host: Stipa comata.
Harmolita longipetiolata Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. BuL 518: 16. 9.
longula (Dalman). Mass., N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Tenn., Utah; Europe. Host: Dactylns
glomerata.
Eurytoma longula Dalman, 1820 Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 173, pi. 7, fig. 15.
Harmolita dactylicola Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 55: 446. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 113: 210 (syn.).
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 16. —Phillips and Poos,
1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475, 483.
maculata (Howard). Mass., N. Y., Va., Mich., Ind., Ky., 111., Mo.; Europe. Host: Bromus sp.,
Bromus secalinus.
Isosoma maculafum Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 2: 15. 9.
571. N. name.
Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 421.
Oregon Phillips. Oreg. Host: Elynius sp.
Harmolita Oregon Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 14. 9.
Hannolita oregonensis Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
571. Emend.
ovatella Burks, n. name. Kans. Host: Elymus sp.
Hannolita ovata Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 458. 9, c5. Preocc.
by IsoHovia ovata Szepligeti, 1901.
Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 421 (Hannolita sp.).
secale (Fitch). N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Nebr., Kans., Utah, Alta. Host: Secale,
cultivated rye.
Eurytoma Secale Fitch, 1861. Amer. Agr. 20: 235-236.
Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 13. —Holmes and Blakeley, 1971. Canad.
Ent. 103: 277.
stipicola Phillips. N. Dak. Host: Stipa cotnata.
Hannolita stipicola Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 8. 9.
Biology: Pettit, 1907. Mich. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 244: 106-109.
— Knowlton and Janes,
1933.
Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 8-9. —
Balachowsky and Mesnil, 1935. Ins. nuisables aux
Plantes Cult., v. 1, p. 1086. —Phillips and Dicke, 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 359-386.
-Phillips and Poos, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 1-12.
—
Chamberlin, 1941.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 1-46. —Zerova, 1966. Zool. Zhur. 45: 1506.
utahensis Phillips. Utah. Ecology: Swept from wheat.
Haniiolita utohensis Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 11. 9.
vaginicola (Doane). Que., Ont., s. to Va., w. to Utah, Wash., Oreg.; Europe. Host: Triticum
spp., cereal wheats.
hosonia vaginicola Doane, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 399. 9.
Biology: Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 9. —Zerova, 1966. Zool.
Zhur. 45: 1508.
websteri (Howard). Que., Ont., s. to Va., w. to Utah, Calif. Host: Secale cereale, rye.
Isofioma wi'bsten Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 15. 9.
hosotna hirtifrons Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 16. 9.
hosoma fitclii Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 20. 9, 6.
483. —Knowlton, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent.
Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34:
25: 1171-1172. -Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 9-10.
Biology: Muesebeck, 1933 (1932). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 34: 158 (correction of host record).
842 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1951. Folia Ent. Hung. (n. s.) 4: 57-58 (Palearctic spp.). — Erdos, 1952.
Foha Ent. Hung. (n. s.) 5: 121-126 (Palearctic spp.). — Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag.
95: 39 (British spp.). —Claridge, 1961. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 14: 171-179 (type-species).
albipennis Walker. Ont.; Europe, Orient. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of umbellifers. Host:
AnetliHui gmreole)is, Coriaiidnini sativu»i, Cuminutu cy)iiinHy)i, Daucus carota,
Foenicttliini vulgare, Piinpinella aniauyii, Torilis japonica.
Systole albipennis Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 22. 9.
Taxonomy: Masi, Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. (3) 8: 147-148.
1919. Masi, 1933. Soc. —
Ent. Ital., Bol. 65: 219-220 (male). —
Boucek, 1952. Folia Zool. et Ent. 1: 4 (separation of
spp.). —Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 39-40 (description of male and female).
Biology: Marchal, 1900. Soc. Ent. de France., Ann. 69: 111 (geniculata). Batra et a/., — 1959.
Current Sci. [India] 28: 451 (larva). -Wadhi, 1963. Indian Jour. Ent. 25: 384 (hosts).
geniculata Foerster. Colo., Idaho, Calif.; Europe, Orient. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of
umbellifers. Host: Coriandruni sativum, Daucus carota, Foeniculum imlgare,
Pi)npi)iella a)iisuui.
Systole geniculata Foerster, 1861. Prog. Realsch. Aachen, p. xxxiii.
Biology: Sakimura, 1946. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 12: 481 (feeding habits). —Roberts, 1963.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 541 (in carrot seeds).
minuta Ashmead. Fla.
Systole minuta Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 319. 9, cJ.
Subfamily EUDECATOMINAE
Genus EUDECATOMA Ashmead
Eudecatoyna Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No
species. —Ashmead, 1894, Amer.
One species.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 319.
Type-species: Decatoma batatoides Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Decatoniidea Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894, Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 322. Two species.
Type-species: Decatomidea xanthochroa Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
The world literature on this genus up to 1944 used the name Decatoma Spinola, 1811. Then
Hincks made the decision that Decatoma Spinola was a synonym oiEurytoma Illiger, 1807, leav-
ing this genus to take the next available name, E udecatoma Ashmead, 1888. This decision was
not based on a study of types, but was based on an entry in Dalla Torre's 1898 Catalogus
Hymenopterorum. Since 1944 the literature has employed the name Eudecatoma. It is to be
hoped that if Spinola's types are ever found a study of them will show this change to have been
justified.
Taxonomy: Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London., Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 13: 37
(nomenclature). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 833-844 (change subsp. to var.).
arizonica (Balduf). Ariz. Host: Andricus mgitiosus Bass.
Decatoma foliatae var. arizonica Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 82. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 843
Taxonomy: Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 208 (repetition of privately published
original description).
foliatae (Ashmead). Va., Fla., 111., Mo. Host: Andricus quercusfoliatus (Ashm.), Callirhytis
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 38-41 {amsterdamensis).
— Claridge, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 160 (syn.).
Biology: Chamberlin, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 29, 40. -Cannon, 1963. Canad.
Ent. 95: 34.
michiganica (Girault). Mich.
Decatoma michiganica Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 209. 9.
tnimosae (Balduf). Ariz. Ecology: Reared from gall on Mimosa biuncifera. Host:
Ta)iaostig)iiodes sp.
Decatoma mimosae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 25. 9, 6.
nubilistigma (Walsh). Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., 111., Kans. Ecology: Reared from Euiira sp. gall
on Salix discolor.
Decatoma nubilistigma Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. 9,6.
occidentalis flavifrons (Balduf). Ariz. Ecology: Reared from gall on live oak.
Decatoma occidentalis xar. flavifrons Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 61. 6.
occidentalis occidentalis (Balduf). Conn., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Adleria weldi (Beut.), Andricus chrysolepidicola (Ashm.), A. lasius (Ashm.), A. lasius
var. areolaris Kinsey, A. ruginosus Bass., Antron quercusechinus (0. S.), Disholcaspis
canescens (Bass.), D. corallina (Bass.), D. eldoradensis (Beut.), D. truckeensis (Ashm.),
Xanthoteras eburneuin (Bass.).
Decatoma occidentalis Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 58. 9, 6.
simplicistigma (Walsh). 111., Kans., Colo. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.), Andricus
quercuspetiolicola (Bass.).
Decatoma simplicistigma Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. 9,6.
subimmaculata (Girault). Calif. Host: Andricus lasijis (Ashm.), A. lasius var. sublasius
Kinsey, A. spectabilis Kinsey, Callirhytis quercuspomiformis (Bass.), Disholcaspis
truckeensis (Ashm.), Heteroecus pacificus (Ashm.).
Decatoma subinnfiaculata Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 11. 9.
texana (Balduf). Tex.
Decatoma texana Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 22. 9, 6.
vacciniicola (Balduf). Ont., Que., s. to Va., w. to 111., La. Host: Hemadas yiubilipennis (Ashm.).
Decatoma vacciniicola Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 12. 9, 6.
Subfamily AXIMINAE
Genus AXIMA Walker
Axima Walker, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. (3) 1: 373.
Type-species: Axinia spinifrons Walker. Monotypic.
846 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
zabriskiei Howard. Que., N. Y., N. J., Va., W. Va., Mich., Ind., Mo., Tex., Calif. Host: Cerafina
calcomta Robt., C. dtipla Say.
Axi)na zabriskiei Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 365. 9,6.
Bephmtoides Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 158.
Type-species: Bepliratoides niaciilatus Brues. Orig. desig.
agrili (Ashmead). N. J., Va., W. Va. Host: Agrilus otiosns Say.
Euri/tonni agrili Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. 9.
maculatus Brues. Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Bred from mesquite infested with wood-boring
Coleoptera.
Beplnatoides niaculutus Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 158. 9.
Subfamily HEIMBRINAE
Genus HEIMBRA Cameron
Heinibra Cameron, 1910. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 35: 433.
Type-species: Heimbra acuticollis Cameron. Monotypic.
Taxonomy: Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 16: 69 (type abnormal; sp. belongs in
Subfamily PRODECATOMINAE
Genus PRODECATOMA Ashmead
Prodecatoina Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 261, 263, 463.
Type-species: Prodecatoina fla rescens Ashmead Orig. desig.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 847
cooki (Howard). Conn., N. Y., Md., Va., Fla., Ohio, Mich., Calif. Ecology: Develops in seeds of
wild and cultivated grapes and some nearly related Vitaceae. Host: Parthenocissus
qiiinquefolia, Vitis sp., V. califoniica, V. labntsca.
Di'catowuUa cooki Howard. 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 23. 9, d.
Pro(lecato)iia phijtopliaya Crosby, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 50. 9, 6.
Biology: Crosby, 1909. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 382. -Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 20: 158 (oviposition).
Bephratoitlix Girault, 1913. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 79 A (6): 60. Preocc. by Brues, 1908.
Type-species: Bephmhi parayitayensis Crawford. Orig. desig.
Beplnvt'clloidcs Girault, 1913. Ent. News 24: 459. N. name.
This genus has for many years taken the name Beplimta Cameron, 1884. A recent study of the
different and
type of the the type-species of Beplimta showed that the true Beplimta is quite
has been misidentified since the time of Ashmead, 1888.
Subfamily EURYTOMINAE
Genus TENUIPETIOLUS Bugbee
Ten HI pet iol us Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 37.
mentha Bugbee. N. Mex. Ecology: Parasitizes dipterous larvae in pods oi PoUominflia incana.
Tenuipetiolns mentha Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 38, 44. 9, i.
ruber Bugbee. N. Y., s. to Va., w. to Tenn. and Ariz. Ecology: Parasite of gall makers on
Rosaceae. Host: Diastioplius cuscutaeformis 0. S., D. nebulosus (0. S.), Diplolepis ro.sae
(L.).
Tenuipetiolns rubm Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 39. 9, 6.
teredon (Walker). N. Y., Va., N. C, Fla., Miss., Kans., Tex. Ecology: Emerges from cecidomyiid
galls on Ambrosia, Heliantlius, Xantliium.
Host: Aspliondylia lieliantliiglobulus 0. S.
Eurytoma teredon Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 153. 9,6.
Eur'ytouia albipes Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxi. 9, 6.
848 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Burl<s, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 163 (syn.; lectotype
designated).
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 505-506 (generic characters).
armillata Bugbee. S. Dak. Host: Spartina sp.
Enryton/ocharis arinillata Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 373. 9.
ashmeadi (Peck). Fla.
Euyyto)iiocharis )tii)nita Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 327. 9, 6. Preocc.
by
Walker, 1832, when )ni)iuta Ashmead was transferred to Eiirytovia in 1951.
Etiryto)iia aslnueadi Peck, 1951. /« Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 575.
N. name.
eragrostidis Howard. N. Y., D. C, Ind., 111., Iowa, N. Mex. Host: Agropyron sp., Agrostis alba,
Andropogon sacchamides, EragwHti^ cilianensis, E. erosa, E. poaoides, Muhlenbergia
porteri, M. wrlghtii, Oryzopsis liy))ietioides, Spowbolus airoides.
Eurytottiochariti eragrostidis Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 21.
9,6.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 380 (may be a complex).
glyceriae Bugbee. Ind. Host: Glyceria striata.
Eurytomocharis glyceriae Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 374. 9, 6.
muhlenbergiae (Howard). Mo. Host: Muhlenbergia schreberi.
Isoso))ioniorpha muhlenbergiae Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 20.
9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 378 (may not belong in Eurytomocharis).
pascuorum Bugbee. N. Mex. Host: Bouteloua curtipendicla, B. gracilis, EragrostLs ero.sa, Stipa
coDiata.
EurytoDiocharis pascuorum Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 376. 9, S.
planitiae Bugbee. Iowa, N. Mex. Host: Bouteloua curtipendula, B. gracilis.
Eurytomocharis planitiae Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland. Nat. 75: 376. 9, 6.
pythes (Walker). Fla.
Eurytonia pythes Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 154. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 163.
Biology: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 378 (life hist.).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 849
Biology: Riley, 1870. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 5: 92-93. -Saunders, 1871. Ont. Fruit
Growers Assoc, Ann. Rpt. 1870: 109-111. —Crosby, 1909. N. Y. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 265:
380. —
Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 20: 158 (oviposition).
Bnicliopliagns Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42, 43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc. Trans. 21: 328. Three species.
Type-species: Bniclioplmgits borealis Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Systoloiles Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42, 43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Trans. 21: 320. One species.
Type-species: Systolodes brevicornis Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894
This genus contains the best known species of seed chalcids, most of them developing in legu-
minous seeds. In 1888, when Ashmead named the genus, he thought that its species parasitized
bruchids that developed in leguminous seeds. Even after the phytophagous nature of some of
the species had been clearly demonstrated, he refused to accept it. As late as 1904, long after the
clover seed chalcids had been shown by competent workers to be phytophagous, he wrote: Dr. A.
D. Hopkins claims that Bnicliophagus fnnebris is phytophagous and states he has proven it by a
series of experiments. I think, however, some mistake has been made and I cannot accept Dr.
Hopkins' observation as conclusive. ...I am inclined to think that both Drs. Howard and Hopkins
are wrong, and that Bnichophagus funebris is a parasite upon some Brnclnis (Carnegie Mus.,
Mem. 1: 260).
Taxonomy: Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 338-339 (brief review of spp.). —
Boucek, 1954. Mus.
Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 30: 76 (subg. of Eurytoma). —
Fedoseeva, 1954. Mosk. Univ.
Vestnik 9 (5): 113-118. —Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1345-1351. —
Claridge, 1961. Soc
Brit. Ent., Trans. 14: 178.
Biology: Burks, 1958 (1957). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 273-277 (hosts). —Fedoseeva, 1960.
Nauch. Dok. Vyssh. Shkoly. Biol. 3: 14-18 (ecology).
borealis Ashmead. Ont. Originally said to have been bred from a Brucluis, but that is almost
certainly incorrect.
Briichophagits borealis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 328. 9,6.
Biology: Znoiko, 1952. Ent. Obozr. 32: 49-55 (life history and parasites in Palearctic region).
-Hedlin, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 622-625 (in Nearctic region).
gibbus (Boheman). Cosmopolitan; common throughout North America. Host: Melilotus sp.,
Trifolium sp. Clover seed chalcid.
Eurytoma gibba Boheman, 1836 (1835). Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 56: 244. 9.
850 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Eurytovia )tuicianus Wali<er, 1848. List Hym. Ins. Brit. Mus. 2: 152. S.
Eurytoma funebrh Howard, 1880. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Kept, for 1879, p. 196. 9, i.
Sijsfolodes brevicomis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 320. 9,6.
(fimebris).~Essig, 1915. Calif. State Comn. Hort, Monthly Bui. 4: 368 (funebris).
—Crosby and Leonard, 1916. N. Y. State Dept Agr., Bui. 87: 2870 (funebris).
—Washburn, 1918. Minn. State Ent., Ann. Rpt 17: 190 (J'unebris). —
Urbahns, 1919. Jour.
Agr. Res. 16: 165-173 (Junebris, parasites). —Urbahns, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 812:
1-19 (J'unebris, life history, parasites). —
Sorenson, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 218:
1-33 (funebris). -Bigger, 1936. III. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 28: 62 (funebris, influence on
clover production). —Smith, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 62: 395 (J'unebris). Shull,
—
1944. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 252: 15, 56 (gibbus). —
Kolobova, 1950. Ent Obozr. 31:
63-70 (gibbus). —Sorenson and Knowlton, 1951. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext Bui. 219: 1-2
(gibbus). -Lofgren, 1956. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Cir. 533: 7-8 (gibbus). —Rosen,
1959. Swed. Stat Vaxt. Vaxt. 23: 56 (gibba). -Perju, 1961. Cluj. Inst. Agron. 17: 233
(gibbus). -Carillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 11
(gibbus).
mexicanus Ashmead. Tex., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah., Ariz., Calif. Host: Astragalus sp., A.
)uollissinnis. Loco-weed chalcid.
Bnichophagus viexicanus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 328. 9, 6.
Biology: Trelease and Trelease, 1937. Science 85: 590 (immunity to selenium).
noctua Girault. Ariz.
Brucliophagus noctua Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. la.
platypterus (Walker). Cosmopolitan; widely distributed in North America. Host: Lotus sp., L.
corniculatus. Trefoil seed chalcid.
Systole platypfera Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 153.
Bruchophagus kolobovae Fedoseeva, 1956. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Dok. Ill: 491. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1349. —Perju, 1960. Acad. RPR Bucharest,
Comun. 10: 575. — Szelenyi, 1961. Budapest. Noven. Kut Inst., Evkon 8: 133, 136.—Strong,
1962. EntSoc. Amer., Ann. 55: 1-4 (kolobovae). —Graham, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 39: 143 (syn.).
Biology: Crevecoeur, 1946. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 82: 273 (gibbus).
—
Neunzig and
Gyrisco, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 409 (Bruchophagus sp.). —Batiste, 1967. Hilgardia 38:
427 (koloborae, immature stages).
roddi (Gussakovsky). Cosmopolitan; widely distributed in North America. Host: Medicago sp.,
M. arabica, M. hispida, M. satira. Alfalfa seed chalcid.
Euryfoniad) roddi Gussakovsky, 1933. I)i Rodd, Gussakovsky, and Antova, Pests of
dry-farming crops of Central Asia, Tashkent, pp. 122, 150. 9,6.
Bruchophagus gibbus )nedicagi)iis Kolobova, 1950. Ent. Obozr. 31: 70. 9, 6.
Ta.xonomy: Nikolskaja, 1952 (English trans. 1963). Keys to Fauna USSR 44: 173, 175.
-Fedoseeva, 1954. Mosk. Univ. Vestnik 9 (5): 116. —Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1349.
—
Perju, 1960. Acad. RPR Bucharest, Comun. 10: 575. —Strong, 1962. Ent. Soc, Amer.,
Ann. 55: 1-4.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 851
Biology: Sorenson, 1934. Utah. Acad. Sci., Proc. 11: 241-244 {funebris). Harin, 1934. —
Central Asia Cotton Inst., Bui. 4-5: 85-114 (gibbu>i). —
Wille, 1943. Estac. Expt. Agr. de La
Molina, p. 357 {fiiuebris). — Figuero and Lima, 1940. Bol. de Agr. Sao Paulo 41: 307
igibbus). -Strong, 1962. Hilgardia 32: 229-248.
—
Carillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State
Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 25. —Strong et al., 1963. Hilgardia 35: 1-12.
— Kralovic, 1964. Biologia, Bratislava 19: 620 (length of life).
Taxonomy: Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 2 (identity of type-species). —Graham,
1970. Roy. Soc.London, Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 39: 145-152 (Palearctic species).
abatos Walker. Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Oreg., and Colo. Host: Magdalis arnticoUis (Say),
Scolytus tiiultiiitriatus (Marsh.), S. rugulosus (Ratz.).
Eurytoma abato.'^ Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 152. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162 (syn.).
Eurytoma crassineura Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 324-327 9, 6.
acuta absona Bugbee. Colo. Host: Diplolepis sp.
Eurytouia acuta absoua Bugbee. 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 230. 9, S.
acuta acuta Bugbee. Utah. Host: Diplolepis arefacta (Gill), D. tuberculatrix (CklL).
Eurytoma acuta acuta Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 225. 9, 6.
acuta gemina Bugbee. Ariz.
Eurytoma acuta gemiua Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 44: 232. 9, 6.
acuta intermedia Bugbee. N. Dak. Host: Diplolepis sp.
Eurytoma acuta iutermedia Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 228. 9, 6.
acuta ramosa Bugbee. Mich., Minn., Man. Host: Diplolepis tuberculatrix (Ckll.).
Eurytoma acuta rauiosa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 229. 9, 6.
altifossa Bugbee. Man. Ecology: Emerged from unknown gall on Oxytropis lamherti.
Eurytoma altifossa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 487. 9, <S.
apiculae Bugbee. Calif. Host: Cerati)ia dallatorrea)ia Friese, C. )ia)iula Ckll., C. punctigena
Ckll., Ectemitius spiuiferus (Fox).
Eurytouia apiculae Bugbee, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 210. 9, 6.
852 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Daly et ai, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 60: 1279.
appendigaster (Swederus). Ont., N. B., Maine, s. to N. J., w. to N. Y., Pa.; Europe. Probably
inadvertently introduced from Europe along with Apanteles. Host: Apanteles
7nelanoficeli(>i (Ratz.), Creniaatiifi ))ii)ior Cush.; ConipHilura concinnata (Meig.).
Pteroniahia Appendigaster Swederus, 1795. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 16: 217.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1950. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 23: 383 (types). — Claridge, 1959. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 95: 4. —Claridge, 1960. Ent. Medd. 29: 248 (appendigaster Mayr not
Swederus = verticillata P.).
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 20-21. Worawski, —
1934. Wydaw. Szk. Glow. Gospod. Wiej. 1: 5 (secondary parasite of Gypsy moth).
—Rosenberg, 1935. Bui. Ent. Res. 25: 244-246 (immature stages). —Allen et al., 1940. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 50. -Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 34-35, 52-54
(primary and secondary parasite). —Parker, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1036: 19
(immature stages). -Wilbert, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 203. —Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1265: 106-108. -Zelinskaya, 1964. In Kasianenko, Akad. Nauk Ukraine RSR
Inst. Zool., Trudy 20: 199. -Stone, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1321: 24.
atripes Gahan. N. Y., Pa., N. J., Md., Ohio, Tenn., N. Dak., Alta., Wash., Oreg. Host: Mayetiola
destructor (Say); Ceplnts cinctiis Nort.
Eiirytonia atripes Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 36. 9, 6.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8, 11-13 (immature
stages).
baccae Bugbee. Md., Kans. Host: Anci/lis coniptana fragariae (W. and R.). This species might
also be a secondary parasite, attacking an ichneumonid primary parasite, Tentelucha
cooki (Weed).
Eiirytonia baccae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 497. 9.
bicolor Walsh. Conn, and Ont., s. to Va., w. to Nebr. Host: Antistrophus minor Gill, A.
lygodesniiaepisutn Walsh, Aitlacidea tn)nida (Bass.); Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch).
Eurytonia bicolor Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 298. 9, cJ.
bigeloviae Ashmead. Colo., Utah, Calif. Host: Aciurina bigeloviae (Ckll.).
Eurytonia higelociae Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 25, 45. 9.
Eurytonia chalcidiforniis Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V,
p. 3. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.).
bolteri Riley. Vt., s. to N. C, w. to N. Dak., Kans. Host: Gnoriinoschevia gallaesolidaginis
(Riley).
Eurytonia Bolteri Riley, 1869. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 4: 177. 9, 6.
Biology: Leiby, 1922. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 93. —Barber, 1938. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 46:
173-175. -Miller, 1963. Ohio Jour. Sci. 63: 72.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 39: 65, fig. 46 (thorax).
brevivena Bugbee. Ariz. Host: Disliolcaspis i^ubens (Gill.).
Eurytonia brevirena Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 198. 9, 6.
bromi (Howard). N. Y., Ohio, Calif. Host: Bro)nus ciliatns.
Isosonia bromi Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 11. 9, 6.
celtigalla Bugbee. Tex. Ecology: Emerges from leaf or twig galls on Celfis. Host: Mayefiola
celtiphyllia Felt.
Eurytowa celtigalla Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 49. 9, S.
cleri Ashmead. Que. and N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Mont., N. Mex., Calif. Host: Dendroctonus
frontalis Zimm., D. inoiticolae Hopk., Ips confusus (Lee), /. oregoni (Eich.), Pissodes
strobi (Peck). When originally described thought, incorrectly, to parasitize a clerid
beetle.
Eurytonia cleri Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 323. 9.
Isosoina abnornie Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 219. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, Ann. 49: 504 (syn.). —Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad.
1956. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ent. 95: 1259 (Provancher type).
contractura Bugbee. Ont. Host: Melanagroniyza scliineri (Giraud).
Eurytonia contractura Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proe 118: 471. 9, 6.
crassa Bugbee. Ohio, Ind., 111., La., Tex., N. Mex. Host: Aciurina notata (Coq.), Callachna
gibba (Loew).
Eurytonia crassa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proe 118: 488. 9, i.
diastrophi Walsh. Que., s. to N. C, w. to Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Should occur wherever
blackberry grows. Host: Diastroplius cuscutaefonnis 0. S., D. nebulosus (0. S.), D. niger
Bass.
Eurytonia diastrophi Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9, <5.
discordans Bugbee. Que., Ont., Maine, Mass., Va., Mich., Ind., Wis., Alta. Host: Diplolepis
variabilis (Bass.), Periclistus pirata (0. S.), Syiiophroniorpha sylvestris (0. S.).
Eurytonia discordans Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 218, 220. 9, 6.
dorcaschemae Ashmead. N. J., N. C, Kans., Sask. Host: Dorcaschenia altematuni (Say).
Eurytonia dorcaschemae Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. II.
extremitatis Bugbee. Va. Host: Rliyacionia frustrana (Comst.).
Eurytonia extremitatis Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 404. 9, 6.
flavicrurensa Bugbee. Oreg. Host: Diplolepis polita (Ashm.).
Eurytonia Jlavicrurensa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 258. 9.
854 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gigantea Walsh. N. B., Que., Ont., s. to Fla., w. to N. W. T., Mont., Kans., Colo. Host: Eurosta
solidagiiiis (Fitch).
Eurytoiia gigantea Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 300. 9.
Calli)no)iie Duckeri Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.
Orniyrus elougatus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.
Orinyrus prolongatus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194-198 (male).
Biology: Hughes, 1934. Ent. News 45: 119-122. — Uhler, 1951. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Mem. 300: 41. — Judd, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 295. —Miller, 1959. Tenn. State Acad. Sci.,
Jour. 34: 249.
gossypii Bugbee. S. C, Ark., La., Okla., Tex., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Anthononius grandis Boh.
Eurytoma gossypii Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 493. 9, c^.
hecale Walker. N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.), A.
pezoniachoides (0. S.), A. quercushirta (Bass.), Anipliibolips cooki Gill., A.
quercusspongifica (0. S.), Andricus ignotus (Bass.), A. pattoni (Bass.), A. quercusflocci
(Walsh), A. quercusfoliatus (Ashm.), Callirhytis lanata (Gill.), C. seininator (Harr.),
Disliolcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. qnercusniaiiniia (Walsh), D. spongiosa
(Karsch), Dryocosiiius inibricariae (Ashm.), Sphaeroteras melleuin (Ashm.).
Eurytoma hecale Walker, 1843. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 151. 9.
Eurytoma auriceps Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9, 6.
Eurytoma auriceps var. seminatrix Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9,6.
Eurytoma vagabunda Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 134. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 503 (syn.). —Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162 (syn.; lectotype designated).
juniperina Marcovitch. N. H., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Del., Minn., N. Dak. Ecology: Phytophagous
form, developing in seeds of juniper. Host: Junipenis cin/iniana, J. scopulornm.
Eurijtona jiiniperinHfi Marcovitch, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 166. 9, 6.
Eurytonia juiiiperifin.s var. Crotihi/i Marcovitch, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 168 5. N.
syn.
lacunae Bugbee. Md. Ecology: Reared from a cecidomyiid gall on Baccharis halhinfoUa.
Euriitonia lacunae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 476. 9, 6.
levivultus Bugbee. Ohio. Host: Pachijpstjlla celticlisge)tnna Riley.
Euriitoiiia Icrirultnx Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 48. 9, 6.
levo Bugbee. Va. Ecology: Reared from pine gall made by a .xyelid. Host: Xyela gallicaulis
Smith.
Eurgtowa Icco Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 499. 9, 6.
longavena Bugbee. B. C. Host: Diplolepis hicolor (Harr.).
Enrgtonia longarcna Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 249. 2, c5.
lutae Bugbee. Mich. Ecology: Reared from a composite naturalized from Europe, I)iula
lieleninni.
Enrgtowa lutae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 462. 9, 6.
lycti Ashmead. N. J., Md., Va., W. Va., Kans. Host: Lydus striatum Melsh.
Eurytonia lycti Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 38 (generic placement).
magdalidis Ashmead. Que., Ont., N. Y. Va., N. C, W. Va., Kans., Colo., Calif. Host: AnfhribuH
cornutus Say, C glindrocopturus longulus (Lee), Magdalis annicollis (Say), Oncideres
ci)igulata (Say).
Eurytonia niagdalidis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 326. 9.
mail Bugbee. N. Y., Wis., Kans., Wash. Host: Tacliypterellus consors cerasi List, T.
quadrigibbus niagnus List., T. q. quadrigibbus (Say).
Eurytonia niali Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 512. 9, 6.
mammae Bugbee. Va., W. Va., Ind. Ecology: Rearings suggest that host may be the scolytid
beetle, Leperisinus aculeatus (Say) or the pemphredonine wasp, Sfignnis sp.
Eurytonia nianiniae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 451. 9.
minnesota Girault. Minn. Ecology: Reared from quackgrass, Agropyron repens.
Eurytonia minnesota Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 338. 9, 6.
neomexicana Girault. Kans., Sask., Colo., N. Mex., Nev. Ecology: Reared from grasses and
from the seeds of Aplopappus spinulosus.
Eurytonia neo)nexicana Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 58: 205. 9, cJ.
Biology: Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 46: 169 (phytophagous).
nigricoxa Provancher. Ont., Man., B. C. Host: Periclistus sp.
Eurytonia nigricoxa Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p. 192. 9.
obtusa Bugbee. N. J. Possibly introduced from Europe along with its host in 1930. Host:
Bruchns bracliialis Fahr.
Eurytonia obtusa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 507. 9, c^.
obtusilobae Ashmead. Mass., s. to Fla., w. to Man., Tex. and Oreg. Host: Diplolepis radicum
(0. S.).
Eurytonia obtusilobae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xii. 9, S.
856 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
obtusiventris Gahan. Mass., Ont, N. Y., Va., Ohio, Ind., Mich., Miss., La., Kans., Okla., Colo., N.
Mex.; Mexico. Ecology: This species seems ordinarily to be parthenogenetic. Host:
Eitrosta soli(lagi)ii.s (Fitch), Neotephritis finalis (Loew).
Eurytoma obtitsivetitris Gahan, 1934. Ent. News 45: 117. 9.
Biology: Hughes, 1934. Ent. News 45: 119-122.
—
Uhler, 1951. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Mem. 300: 40. -Miller, 1959. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 34: 249.
orchidearum (Westwood). Que., Ont., Mass., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Fla., 111., La., Tex., Calif.;
Cosmopolitan in Tropical and Subtropical regions. Ecology: North American records
from area north of Southern Florida and Southern California are from greenhouses and
conservatories. Host: Cattleya spp. Also other orchids having pseudobulbs.
hoaoma Orchidearum Westwood, 1869. Card. Chron. p. 1230. 9, S.
Eurytoma phoenix Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 11.
9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 41 (generic placement). — Bugbee, 1956.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.).
Biology: Felt, 1916. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 180: 336. -Moore, 1916. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
308: 3-12. -Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5: 420. Aczel, 1936. Roy. —
Hungarian Hort. Col., Bui. 2: 41-43. —
Brandao, 1942. Sitios e Fazendas 7: 73. Figueiredo,
—
1942. Biologico 8: 136-138. —Gomes, 1942. Rev. Agron., Porte Alegre 6: 568-569. Swezey, —
1945. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 12: 359-360. -Brandao, 1945. Brasil Min. da Agr., Bol. 34:
67-68. —Lepage and Figueiredo, 1947. Circolo Paulista de Orquidofilos, Bol., p. 12. —Bess,
1953. Hawaii. Farm Sci. 1: 3-6 (immature stages). —Look, 1954. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 15:
264, 271.
pachyneuron Girault. P. E.
I., Que., s. to N.
C, w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: This
species begins its development as a parasite and completes its larval growth by feeding
on plant tissues in grass stems. Host: Harmolita spp., Mayetiola destructor (Say);
Elymus spp., Triticum spp.
Euryto))ia pacliyneuroii Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 337. 9.
Euryto))ia phoe'bns Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 204. 9.
Eurytoma pater Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 207. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 503 (syn.).
Biology: Phillips, 1917. Jour. Econ. Ent. 10: 145 (pater). —Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 24; 37 (pater). -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc Pub. 174: 33-36
(phoebus). —Jones, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 412 (pachyueuron). —Hill and Pinckney,
1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8 (phoebu.^, immature stages). Chamberlin, 1941. —
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 40 (phoebus, larva). —
Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci.,
Trans. 46: 174 (pater). -Cannon, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 34 (phoebus).
parva Phillips. N. Y., D. C, Va., Pa., Ohio, Ind., Kans., Sask., Alta. Host: Cephus ductus Nort.,
Harmolita tritici (Fitch).
Eurytoma bolteri var. parra Philhps, 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 11, 14. 9.
Taxonomy: Phillips, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 743 (change from var. to sp.).
Biology: Phillips, 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 11 (life hist.). —Phillips, 1927.
Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 743-758 (host relationships). —Phillips and Poos, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Farmers' Bui. 1006 (rev.): 10-11 (life hist.). —Chamberlin, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
784: 32-35 (parasites).
phloeotribi Ashmead. Que., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Va., W. Va., N. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host:
PhlocosiuHs sequoiae Hopk., Phloeotribus dentifrous (Blackm.), P. frontalis (Oliv.),
Pityophthorus liquida))ibarus Blackm., Pseudopityophthorus mi)iutissimus (Zimm.), P.
pruiiiosus (Eich.), Scolytus abietis Blackm., S. luuticus Say, Stephauoderes dissiuiilis
(Zimm.).
Eurytoma phloeotribi Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 326. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 63: 437.
Biology: Beal and Massey, 1945. Duke Univ. School Forestry, Bui. 10: 71, 111, 122.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 857
querei Fullaway. Calif. Host: Andricus lasius (Ashm.), Paracraspis guadaloupensis (Full.).
Eurytoma querei Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 278. 9, i.
querciglobuli querciglobuli (Fitch). N. H. and Ont, s. to Ga., w. to Minn., Tex. Host:
Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. quercus)Namma (Walsh).
Macroglenes Querci-globuli Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 812.
Eurytoma punctirentris Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 193-196.
querciglobuli rubra Bugbee. Fla., Miss. Host: Disholcaspis que rats reus (Ashm.), D.
i.'i
spongiosa (Karsch).
Eurytoma querciglobuli rubra Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc, Amer., Ann. 51: 196. 9.
querciglobuli utahensis Bugbee. Utah. Host: Disholcaspis Colorado (Gill.).
Eurytoma querciglobuli utahensis Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 197. 9.
rhois Crosby. Ont., Conn., N. Y., Pa., D. C, N. C, Fla., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Tenn., Mo., Ark., La.,
Kans. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of sumac Host: Rhus copallina, R. glabra, R.
typhina.
Eurytoma rhois Crosby, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 52. 9, 6.
Biology: Crosby, 1909. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 385-388.
—
Gahan, 1922. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 42. -Bridwell, 1923. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 13: 262. -Bugbee, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 418-427. -Bugbee, 1941. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 44: 228-233.
— Schread et o/., 1942. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 492: 496. —
Neunzig, 1964. Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc 66: 87. — Wadhi et al., 1967 (1966). Indian Jour. Ent. 28: 498 (introd. into
India from Canada).
858 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
rubribacca Bugbee. Idaho. Ecology: Reared from gall on wild raspberry, Rubus sp.
Euryto)iia rubribacca Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 406. 9, 6.
rubrigalla Bugbee. Mich. Ecology: Parasitizes inquilines and parasites of a cynipid gall maker,
Diastroplius uebulosns (0. S.), on bramble, Rubus sp. Host: Onuyrus sp.,
Syuopliromorplia sylrestrin (0. S.).
Eurytoma rubrigalla Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 405. 9,6.
salicigalla Bugbee. Nev., Calif. Host: Euura exiguae Smith, E. lasiolepin Smith.
Eurytouia mlicigaUa Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc, Amer., Ann. 63: 434. 9, S.
Biology: Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1781 (initially parasitic, completing
development by feeding on plant tissue).
salicisaquatica Bugbee. Nev., Calif. Host: Euura exiguae Smith, E. Uifiiolepis Smith, E.
leiintioniae Smith.
Eurytoma salicisaquatica Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 63: 433. 9, 6.
Biology: Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1781 (initially parasitic, completing
development by feeding on plant tissue).
sciromatis Bugbee. N. C, Ga., Fla., La. Ecology: Phytophagous in a fungus causing cankers on
pine branches and trunks. Host: C ronartinui fnsiforuie.
EurytoDia sciro))iatis Bugbee, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 346. 9, 6.
Biology: Coulson and Franklin, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 353-357 (not parasitic on Dioryciria,
but phytophagous).
semicircula Bugbee. Tex. Ecology: Reared from cerambycid larvae in fruits of Sapinclus
(IruHDuondii, the soapberry. Host: Leptosfylus vogti Dillon.
Eurytowa semicircula Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 453. 9.
seminis Bugbee. Kans., Okla. Ecology: Phytophagous in sumac seeds. Host: Rhus trilobata.
Eurytoma se)iii)iis Bugbee, 1941. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 14: 98. 9, 6.
semivenae Bugbee. N. Y., Ohio, Ark., Kans., Tex. Ecology: Reared from psyllid galls on
hackberry. Host: Pachypsylla celti(lis)iiatiniia Riley, P. celtidiscesicula Riley.
Eurytoma se))iicenae Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 47. 9, 6 .
Biology: Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 22 (feeds both on gall maker
and gall cell wall).
solenozopheriae Ashmead. Que., Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., D. C. Ecology:
Parasitizes a chalcid gall maker on blueberry. Host: Hemadas iiubilipennis (Ashm.).
Euryto))ia solenozopheriae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 196. 9, 6.
Biology: Driggers, 1927. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 254-258 (parasite of chalcid gall maker, not
of cynipid gall maker). —
McAlister and Anderson, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 1166.
sphaera Bugbee. La. Host: Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. spoitgiosa (Karsch).
Eurytoma sphaera Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 458. 9,6.
spina Bugbee. Sask., Oreg. Host: Diplolepis tuberculatrix (CklL).
Eurytoma spiua Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 250. 9, 6.
spongiosa curvavena Bugbee. Minn. Host: Diplolepis spinosa (Ashm.).
Euryto)ntt spougiosa cnrraroia Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 257. 9, 6.
spongiosa spongiosa Bugbee. Ont. and Mass., s. to Va., w. to Sask., Utah. Ecology: Reared
from spiny rose galls on wild roses. Host: Diplolepis dichlocera (Harris), D. rosae (L.),
D. tuberculatrix (Ckll.).
Eurytoma spo)igiosa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 254. 9, 6.
squamosa Bugbee. Idaho, Wash., Calif. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of Ceanotlius. Host:
Ceauothus cordulatus, C. diraricatus, C. iiitegerrimu.'^, C. su)igui)ieus, C. tliyriaflorus,
C. eel ut ill us.
Eurytouia squamosa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 495. 9, 6.
stigmi Ashmead. Nev., Oreg., Calif. Host: Hoplitis producta gracilis (Mich.), Hylaeus
iParaprosopis) polifolii (Ckll.), Pemphredon giffardi (Roh.), Solierella similis (Brid.),
Stigmus iiiordiuatus Fox, Trypoxylon sculleui Sandh.
Eurytoma stigmi Ashmead, 1895. In Davidson, Psyche 7: 271. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 859
Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan.-Pacific Ent. 42: 94-96 (hosts).
studiosa Say. Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Occurs wherever oaks
A. ))iacwc(vpae Bass., A.
grow.' Host: Acnispis erinacci (Beut.), A. geiinila (Bass.),
pezoinachoides (0. S.), A. qncrciiNhirta (Bass.), A. cillosa Gill., AnchicHs ignotns (Bass.),
A. quercuxflocci (Walsh), A. quercuspetiolicola (Bass.), CalUrhytis clacnla (0. S.), C.
elongata (Kinsey), C. seiiiiiiator (Harr.), Ditiholcaspis quercHsglobitlus (Fitch), D.
qiiorussHCcinipes (Ashm.), D. spo)igiosa (Karsch), D. u'asliiugto)ie)isis (Gill.).
Eiinitonia studiosa Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 272. 9.
Enri/toniu laniilae Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 817.
Ei(ryto)n(i snccinipedis Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc, p.
xxxi. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.). — Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl.
Biology: Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. — Triggerson, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
7:9.
terrea Bugbee. Oreg. Host: Diplolepis polito (Ashm.).
Euriitoiiia terrea Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 238. 9, 6.
tomici Ashmead. N. Y., Md., Va., Ga., Miss., La., Tex., Colo., Alta., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Ciiliiidrocoptunts eatoiti Buch., C.fitniissi Buch., C. longuliis (Lee), Dendrodonus
brericoiiiis Lee, Pliloeosi)tHs sp., Pitt/ogeties plagiatus (Lee).
Eargtotiiu tomici Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. 6.
Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 436 (redescription).
Biology: Furniss, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 858. —Bushing and Bright, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97:
200 (hosts).
tumoris Bugbee, Calif Ecology: Phytophagous in branches of pines. Host: Pinus silvestris.
Eunjtoiiia titiiioris Bugbee, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 345. 9, 6.
Biology: Stark and Koehler, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 41 (immature stages).
and
tylodermatis Ashmead. Ont., s. to S. C, w. to Wis., Colo., Ariz. Host: Parasitic on bruchids
curculionids. Acanthoscelides homi (Pic), Amblycenis robiniae (F.), Baris sp.,
Chalcodermus aeneus Boh., Conotrachelus elegans Boh., Cylindrocopturus longulus
(Lee), Lixits tnnscnlHs Say, L. scrobicollis Boh., Macrorhoptus sphaeralciae Pierce,
Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp), Orthoris crotchii Lee, Smicraulax tuberculatus Pierce,
Tachypterellus censors cerasi List, T. quadrigibbus (Say), Trichobaris texana Lee,
T.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. //( Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
274.
Eurytoma abnormicornis Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9. Type lost.
860 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Eurytoma albitarsis Ashmead, 1902. In Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 38: 88.
Nom. nud.
EurytoDia aulocis Ashmead, 1892. /*; Brodie, Canad. Ent. 24: 12. Nom. nud.
Eurytoma cretlieis Wallier, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 2: 150. 9. Type fragmentary.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162.
Laniprosiylus floridcuiHH Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 193. 6. Species placed in
Eurytoinu by Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et «/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 576.
Species cannot be placed from unassociated male.
Eurytoma liegeli Girault, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 207. Eurytoma hegeli var. maga
Girault described, but Eurytoma liegeli Girault not described.
I.HONOVia neradensis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 330. 6. Species placed in
Eurytoma by Peck, 1951. ht Muesebeck et «/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 577.
Species cannot be placed from unassociated male.
Eurytoma orbiculata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 272. 6. Type lost.
Macroglenes quercipisi Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 818. Species placed in
Eurytoma by Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, Sup., p. 554.
Fragmentary specimen in U. S. N. M. labeled type does not agree with orig. descr.
Family CHALCIDIDAE
By B. D. Burks
In 1923 Gahan and Fagan (U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 24, 31, 133) changed the application of the
well-known names Chalcis, Brack ynieria, Smkra and Smiera. These names had been used ex-
tensively in the literature for almost a century. The changes very well may have been erroneous,
because of the fact that Gahan and Fagan had examined none of the types of the type-species in-
volved. Their conclusions were based entirely on a study of the literature, principally volume 5
of Dalla Torre's Catalogus Hymenopterorum, pubhshed in 1898. That work was a bibliographic,
not a taxonomic, one. However, these changes in the application of familiar names were accepted
by all subsequent workers except for Schmitz, who published a large work on the Ethiopian
Chalcididae in 1946. All other works in the world literature followed Gahan and Fagan. An enor-
mous literature that used these names as redefined by Gahan and Fagan has been published in
the last 50 years. It would be a mistake at this late date to try to reverse the changes made by
Gahan and Fagan, irrespective of their soundness. It should be kept in mind, however, that the
application of those names before and after 1923 is quite different.
Taxonomy: Schmitz, 1946. Exploration Pare Natl. Albert, Mission De Witte, fasc. 48: 3-191
(African fauna). —
Boucek, 1951. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 27 (Sup.): 1-108 (European
fauna). —
Erdos, 1955. Magyar. Allat. 12 (Hymenoptera 2, pt. 2): 7-11 (key to genera).
-Boucek, 1956. Res. Council Israel, Bui. 5B: 228-250 (Near East fauna). Nikolskaja,
—
1960. Fauna SSSR (n. s.) 76: 41-191 (Russian fauna). —
Habu, 1962. Fauna Japonica,
Chalcididae, Leucospididae, and Podagrionidae, pp. 2-164 (Japanese fauna).
Biology: Steffan, 1958. Tenth Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc. 1: 799-804 (world distrib.).
Morphology: Steffan, 1957. Paris Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., Bui. (2) 19: 315-322 (abdominal
petiole).
Subfamily HALTICHELLINAE
The questions that have remained pending for many years concerning the appHcation of the
generic names Halticliella and Hockeria should be referred to the International Commission on
Zoological Nomenclature for settlement. Usage of those names here follows the preponderant
application of those names in current literature.
Revision: Steffan, 1951-1953. Feuille des Nat. (n. s.) 6: 1-7, 81-85; 8: 7-12, 33-36 (French
fauna). —Steffan, 1951. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s., A) 4: 51-86 (genera related to
Euchalcidia). —Steffan, 1957. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. 126: 139-158 (genera related to
Chirocera). —Habu, 1960. Natl. Inst. Agr. Sci. Japan, Bui. (C) 11: 218-296 (Japanese
fauna).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 861
Taxonomy: Masi, 1936. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Bui. 20: 252-254 (identity of type-species).
— Kerrich and Menon, 1949. Ent. Monthly Mag. 85: 207-211 (identity of type-species).
onatas (Walker). S. Ga., Fla., Miss., La., Kans., Tex. Host: Grapliolitha molenta (Busck).
C,
Hockeria Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 146. 9.
o)iatiis
Halticella lonyiconiia Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 185. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 164 (synonymy; lectotype
designated).
Biology: Underbill, 1934. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 349: 12. —Miller and Neiswander, 1959.
Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 840: 18. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767:
91.
xanticles (Walker). Que., s. to Fla., w. to Sask., Nebr., Kans., Okla., Tex. Host: Buccnlafrix
catiadcti.siella Chamb., Coleopliom laricella (Hbn.), Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.),
Grapliolitha iiiole.sta (Busck.), Soleiiobia walsliella Clem.; Apantelea inelanoncelus
(Ratz.).
Hockeria xauticlea Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France., Ann. (2) 1: 147. 9.
Halticliella americana Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 9, 36. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 165 (synonymy; lectotype
designated).
Taxonomy: Masi, 1936. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Bui. 20: 252-254 (identity of type-species).
— Kerrich and Menon, 1949. Ent. Monthly Mag. 85: 209 (identity of type-species). — Erdos,
1955.Magyar. Allat. (Hymenoptera 2, pt. 2): 8-9, 20 (Hungarian spp.).
americensis (Girault). N. J.
Stoniatocera.s unipiinctatipennis aviericensis Girault, 1918. Ent. News 29: 127. 9.
eriensis (Wallace). Del.,s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Calif. Host: M
ijniieleon sp., M. iiiniiaculatits
Deg.
Stoviatoceras rubra var. eriensis Wallace, 1942. Carnegie Mus., Ann. 29: 31. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Steffan, 1959. Vie et Milieu 10: 304 (change from var. to sp.).
rubra (Ashmead). Va., Fla., Ark., Kans., Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Harrisina brillians B.
and McD.
StomatoceraO) rubra Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 332. 9.
862 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
unipunctatipennis (Girault). N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion sp.,
N. excitcuis Rohwer.
Stoniatoceras luiipunctatipenniH Girault, 1918. Ent. News 29: 127. 9.
Subfamily DIRHININAE
Revision: Masi, 1947. Eos 33: 39-78 (world fauna to 1936).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1936. Natl. Acad. Sci., Proc. 22: 284-286 (Nearctic species). Boucek, 1956. —
Res. Council Israel, Bui. 5B: 249-250 (Mediterranean fauna). —
Habu, 1960. Natl. Inst. Agr.
Sci.Japan, Bui. (C) 11: 309-310 (generic synonymy and subgenera).
Subfamily CHALCIDINAE
Revision: Burks. 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 88: 237-354.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1939. Arb. ueber Morph. u. Taxonom. Ent. 6: 276-277 (key to genera).
— Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (n. s.) 1: 180-193 (Central European fauna). —Habu,
1960. Natl. Inst. Agr. Sci. Japan, Bui. (C) 11: 333-345 (Japanese fauna).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 863
Taxonomy: Gahan and Fagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 31 (Chalcis must be used in
the sense oi Sniicra and Sniiera). —
Schmitz, 1946. Exploration Pare Natl. Albert, Mission
De Witte, fasc. 48: 70-72 (Sniiera should be used for this genus).
barbara (Cresson). N. H., Conn., Mass., N. J., Fla., Mich., 111., Iowa, Mo., Ark., N. Dak., Kans.,
Tex., Wyo., Colo.; Mexico. Host: Odontomyia sp., 0. cincta OHvier, Stratiomys norma
Wied.
Sniicra barbara Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 47. "6" = 9.
Sniicra riifofeniorata Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 39. S. Preocc. by
Rosenhauer, 1856.
Biology: Hart, 1895. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 4: 250, 271.
canadensis (Cresson). N. B., Ont., N. Y., W. Va., Mich., Wis., 111., La. Host: Hedriodiscus
vertebratiis (Say), Odontomyia sp.
Sniicra canadensis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 39. S.
divisa (Walker). Kans., Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Oreg., Calif.; Mexico.
Sniiera dirisa Walker, 1861. Jour. Ent. 1: 178. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 869 {nifipea Kirby valid name for sp.).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent. Bui. 32 (4): 165.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 865
coxalis (Cresson). N. Y, N. J., Pa., Md., Va., N. C, S. C, Ga., Iowa, Mo, Ark., Tex.
Sviicra coxalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Sec, Trans. 4: 45. 6.
Spilochalcis virens Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 6. i.
flammeola (Cresson). Tex.
Sniicra flavinieola Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 48. 9, 6.
lasnierii (Guerin). Fla.; West Indies.
Chalcin Lasnierii Guerin, 1845. Iconogr. Regne Anim., Ins., v. 1, p. 412; v. 2, pi. 67. 9.
Chalcis lanieri Guerin, 1857. In de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Polit. y Nat. Cuba, v. 7, p. 753.
Emend.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934. Soc. Cubana de Hist. Nat., Mem. 8: 131-132.
Morphology: Burks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 157-161 (forewing venation).
nigricornis (Fabricius). N. H., s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Tex. Host: Acloneta spimiloides
(H.-S.), Liniacodes sp., Parasa indetentiina (Bdv.).
Chalcis nigricornis Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System, p. 243.
Chalcis bracata Sanborn, 1863 (1862). Mass. Bd. Agr., Rpt. 10: 172. 9.
S)nicra bracata coaeqiialis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 46. S.
Sniicra Carolina Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 183. 6.
Diplodontia secnnda Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p.
10. 9.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 26, 152. -Balduf,
1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 180.
juxta (Cresson). Md., 111., Kans., Tex.; Mexico, Cent, and S. Amer., West Indies.
S»iicra juxta Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 54. 9.
Spilochalcis uigropleuralis Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 436. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1948. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 38: 244 (type of nigropleuralis).
lecta (Cresson). Tex., CaHf.; Mexico.
Smicra lecta Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 44. 9, 6.
melana Burks. Maine, N. Y., Md., Va., Ill, Mo. Host: Pachyscheius laevigatus (Say).
Spilochalcis melana Burks, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 316. 9, 6.
odontotae Howard. N. J., D. C, N. C, Fla., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Xenochalepus dorsalis
(Thunb.).
Ent. Bui.
Spilochalcis odontotae Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.
5: 7, 32. 6.
Biology: Chittenden, 1902. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 38: 82.
— Krauss, 1952. Hawaii.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 15: 124.
pallens (Cresson). S. C, Tex. Host: Apayiteles margmiventris (Cress.), Meteorus laphygmae
Vier., Rogas laphygmae Vier.
Smiera palens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 96.
Sinicra pallens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 196. Emend.
Biology: Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32-35, 50-52,
58.
Host records based on the rearing of a single male should be disregarded in this species group.
albifrons (Walsh). Que, Maine, s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Me.xico. Host: Exeiua
dispar Lacord., Xoioclialepus dorsdlis (Thunb.); Aitcylis coniptana (Froel.), A.
comptana fragariae (W. and R.), A. divisana (Walk.), Alsophila pometaria
(Har.), Argil rest Ilia auveoargenteUa Brow., A. laricclla Kearf., A. tlinii'lla (Pack.),
Arogalea cristifci.sciella (Chamb.), Bedellia so)iiHuli'ntella (Zell.), Bncciilatrix variabilis
Braun, Bo)iiolocha deceptalis (Walk.), ChoriHtoneiira rosaceana (Har.), Coleophora
C.
fletchcrella Fern., C.fuscedinella Zell, C. laricella (Hbn.), C. iiialirorella Riley,
priDiiella Clem., Cronoxa cotoneastri Busck, Orgyia leucostigtua (A.
and S.),
Spodopfcra exigua (Hbn.), Pliitclla niaciilipoinis (Curtis), Pscudaletia iDiipuiicta
(Haw.); Apanfeli's ataknitae (Pack.), A. cotigregatux (Say), A. griffini Vier., A.
ladeicolor Vier., A. iiiilitaris (Walsh), Batliyplectea exigua (Grav.), Gelia niitiimuH
(Walsh).
albifrons Walsh, 1861. 111. State Agr. See, Trans. 4: 364, 369.
C/(fl/c/.s
Spilochulcis torrina ancylae Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 192. 9, 6.
delumbis (Cresson). Que., Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Clilaniisiis plicatus
(F.), Hypcra riotiicis (L.). Lmna nigrovittata (Guer.), L. trilineata (Oliv.).
Sviicra deliuiibis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 40. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Smith, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 62: 392 (description).
Biology: Chamberlin, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 106-107. -Weaver and Dorsey,
1965.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 934. -Puttier, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 475.
dema Burks. Pa., Va., N. C, Ind., Mo., Kans., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Frunieuta
nundinella (Zell.).
Spilochalcis dema Burks, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 330. 9, <5.
flavopicta (Cresson). N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico, West
Indies. Host: Acrobasis caryivorella Rag., Anacanipsis fragariella Busck, A. ijuiociiella
(Zell.), Aiicylis comptana (Froel.), A. com ptana fragariae (W. and R.), Ceiama
sorghiella (Riley), Cryptothelea nigrita (B. and McD.), Eurukuttanis confederata
(Grote), Howoeosouia elecieUum (Hulst), Plialonia sp., Pieris protodice (B. and L.),
Rhyacio)iia frnstraiia (Comst.), Sparganothis snlfureatia (Clem.); Diadegiita insulare
(Cress.), Meteoriis laphyginae Vier.
Sniiera flavopicta Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 99.
Sniicra delira Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 41. cJ.
Stnicra niendica Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 41. 6.
Synicra deceni-pnnctata Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc p. xxix. 9.
sanguiniventris (Cresson). N. J., Va., N. C, Ga., Fla., Ark., Okla., Tex., Ariz., Calif. Host:
Exema conspersa (Mann.), Nuzonia pallidula (Boh.); Plutella maculipennis (Curtis);
Meteorus sp.
Smicra saytguiniventris Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 36, 43. 9.
868 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 165.
Biology: Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32-33, 52-53, 58 (ton;ma). Doner, —
1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 234 (^o?n;n!a).— Arthur, 1958, Canad. Ent. 90:
590-595 (immature stages). —
Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 91. —Allen,
1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 111. —Roberts, 1966. Boyce Thomson Inst.,
Contrib. 23: 169.
Revision: Burks, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 343-351. —Burks, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 70: 170-174.
Subfamily BRACHYMERIINAE
Taxonomy: Steffan, 1950. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 55: 146-150 (tribal classification).
-Steffan, 1950. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Bui. (2) 22: 596-602 (tribal classification).
— Steffan, 1956. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 61: 238-242 (generic list with synonymy).
—Steffan, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 288 (key to tribes). — Habu, 1960. Natl.
Inst. Agr. Sci. Japan, Bui. (C) 11: 140-141 (key to tribes).
Taxonomy: Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 193-194. —Steffan, 1959. Mus. Natl.
Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 307.
nigricans Cameron. Kans., Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico.
Acantltoclmlcis nigricana Cameron, 1884. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 100. 9.
Acanthochalcis subg. Belochalcis Steffan, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 308.
Type-species: Aca)ithoclialcis iinispinosa Girault. Monotypic.
unispinosa Girault. Tex., Ariz., Calif. This species is probably the largest one in the
Chalcidoidea.
Aca7ithochalcis unispinosa Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. 5.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 351 (gigantea Ashm.).
Phasganopliora subg. Trigonura Sichel, 1865. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (4) 5: 347, 358,
376.
Type-species: Phasganophora (Trigoniira) crassicauda Sichel. Monotypic.
Bactrochalcis Kieffer, 1912 (1911). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 80: 463.
Type-species: Bactrochalcis reticulata Kieffer. Monotypic.
Centrochalcis Cameron, 1913. Indian Forest Rec. 4: 92. Preocc. by Cameron, 1905.
Type-species: Centrochalcis ruficaudis Cameron. Monotypic.
870 Hymenoptera in America Nortli of Mexico
Ceniroclialcidea Gahan and Fagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 28. N. name for
Centrochalcis Cameron.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Fagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 24, 31 (Brachytiieria should
repalce Chalcis of authors, not Fabricius).
—
Schmitz, 1946. Exploration Pare Natl. Albert,
Mission De Witte, fasc.48: 15 (Chalcis correct name for this genus). —
Ghesquiere, 1946.
Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaines 39: 372 {Brachymeria correct name for this genus).
subgenus).
aeca Burks. N. S., Que., Maine, s. to Fla., w. to B. C, N. Me.x. Host: Chaetopltlepsis sp.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 164 (transferred to
Bnicliy}iierki).
belfragei (Crawford). Tex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer.
Chalcis belfragei Crawford, 1910 (1909). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 205. 9.
Biology: Burks, 1941. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 33: 208. -Smith, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76:
29-32. -Smith, 1957. Canad. Jour. Res. 36: 258. -Spencer, 1958. Tenth Internatl. Ent.
Cong., Proc. 4: 497. -Nikolskaja, 1960. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst., Trudy 27: 222.
— Steffan, 1962. Fragmenta Ent. 4: 23. —Smith, 1965. Canad. Jour. Zool. 43: 187.
— Huggans and Blickenstaff, 1966. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 903: 36.
comitator (Walker). N. Y., N. J., Fla., Tex.; Mexico, s. to Brazil. An adventive species, always
brought in in bananas. Host: Ceraniidia sp., C. bittleri (Moesch.), C. viridis (Druce).
Chalcis comitator Walker, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. (3) 1: 350. 6.
Biology: Harrison, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 284 (both primary and secondary parasite).
compsilurae (Crawford). Maine, Ont., s. to N. C, w. to Man., Mont, Colo., N. Mex., B. C, Oreg.
Host: Blepharipa scutellata (R.-D.), Carcelia amplexa (Coq.), C. laxifrons Vill,
Conipsilura concinnata (Meig.), Euphorocera claripennis (Macq.), E. edwardsii (Will),
Exorista larvaruvi (L.), Leschenaultia fuivipes (Bigot), Lespesia aletia (Riley), L.
frenchii (Will.), Parasetigena agilis (R.-D.), Petatachina peliucida Coq.,
Townsettdielloinyia nidicola (Tns.).
Chalcis compsilurae Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 41: 272. 9, 6.
Biology: 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 495-523. —Salt, 1941. Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol.
Dowden,
Rev. —Flanders, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 409-410.
16: 253-255. Kulman and Hodson, —
1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 221. —Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1936. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 29: 254 (lectotype). -Gahan, 1942. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 49 (redescription).
872 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Roberts, 1933. Ent. News 44: 158. —Roberts, 1933. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 365:
1-21. —Roberts, 1933. Ecology 14: 311-312. —
Jannone, 1934. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici,
Bol. 28: 146. -Roberts, 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 489-490. — Nikolskaja, 1960. Akad. Nauk
SSSR, Zool. Inst., Trudy 27: 222.
hammari (Crawford). Md., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Mo., Kans., Calif. Host: Acrobasis carijae Grote,
A. jitglaiidis (LeB.), Ancijlis comptana fmgariae (W. and R.), A)-cliips aiyijwspihis
(^Si\k.), Argyrot(ie)iio citnuia {Fern.), Filatiina nionotaeniella (Bott.), Gmpholitha
iiiolesta (Busck), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), L. ponionella (L.), Platynota sultana
Wlshm., Psorosina hammondi (Riley).
Chalcis hatinfiari Crawford, 1915. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 3: 89. 9, 6.
Biology: Nettles, 1934. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27: 815-816. —Nickels et ah, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1011: 2, 18. -Bennett, 1961. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 353.
incerta (Cresson). Fla.; West Indies, British Guiana, Brazil. Ecology: Both primary and
secondary parasite. Host: Alaba))ia argillacea (Hbn.), Ascia ))!07iuste (L.), Brassolis
nophorae (L.), Calpodes etiilius (Stoll), Eantis tliraso Hbn., Lyntire albipornis (H.-S.),
Megalopyge kntgii Dewitz, Mesocondyla concordalis Hbn., M. gastralis Guen., Phoebis
sennae (L.), Pierin tiiouu.ste (L.), Sylepta sp.; Carcelia flaviroatris (Wulp).
Chalcis i)icevta Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 101.
Taxonomy: Wolcott, 1936. Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agr. 20: 535 (description and fig.).
— Dinther, 1960. Surinam. Landproefsta. (B) 76: 126 (description and fig.).
intermedia (Nees). Maine, N. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md.; Europe, N.
H., Vt., Mass., R.
Africa. Introduced first in 1905 from Europe, and repeatedly introduced until 1933; first
recovered in Mass. Recovered in large numbers since 1960. Host: Portlietria
in 1942.
dispar (L.). Numerous other hosts in Lepidoptera and some in Diptera recorded in the
literature.
Chalcis intermedia Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 29. i.
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 240-309 (flavipes).
—
Masi, 1916. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. (3) 7: 78 i(/Zaz;j>es).— Fahringer, 1921.
Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 17: 43. —
Mercet, 1923. Rev. Fitopat. 1: 17. —Burgess and
Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 116-118. —Mercet, 1932. Par. Ins.
Perjudiciales, pp. 66-68.
— Dowden,
1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 497-509. Schedl, 1936. —
Ztschr. Angew. Ent. 22, Beiheft, pp. 169-170. —
Boucek and Sedivy, 1954. Folia Zool. et
Ent. 3: 183. -Karnozitzky, 1957. Bulgar. Akad. Nauk Zool. Inst., Trud. 4: 51, 97. Martelli —
and Arru, 1958.Bol. Zool. Agr. e Bachicolt. (2) 1: 26. —
Kolomiets, 1958. Ent. Obozr. 37:
608. — Romanyk,1959. Acad, de Cien. Exact., Fis. y Nat., Madrid, Rev. 53: 402. —Burks,
1960. Ent. News 71: 62. and Ruperez, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 231.
—Romanyk
— Hazdistevic, 1961. Zastita Bilja 56-66: 107. —
Stefanov and Keremedziev, 1961. Sofia
Vissch. Lesotekh. Inst. Nauch., Trud. 9: 165. —
Capek, 1963. Banska Stiavnica. Vyskum.
Ustav Lesn. Hosp. Ved. Prace 4: 265. —
Zelinskaya, 1964. Akad. Nauk Ukrain. RSR, Inst.
Zool., Trudy 20: 199. —Leonard, 1966. Ent. News 77: 25.
—
Prokopy, 1968. Jour. Econ. Ent.
61: 351. -Leonard, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 654. —
Doane, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64:
753.
molestae Burks. Md., s. to Fla., w. to Ind., Tenn., Miss. Host: Anchylopera platanana Clem.,
Ancylis co>ii plana fragariae (W. and R.), Arogalea cristifasciella (Chamb.), Grapholitha
inolesta (Busck).
Brachy)neria (Bmchy))!eria) molestae Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 245. 9 , S.
Biology: Eikenbary and Fox, 1965. S. C. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 1017: 6.
ovata (Say). Conn., N. Y., and Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Oreg. and Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Oviposits
in the pupae of over 100 species of Lepidoptera of the families Psychidae to
Papilionidae, the limiting factor being size, pupae of 1.5 cm. or greater length, and
—
exposure it finds its hosts on the wing, not by crawling into crevices.
Chalcis ocata Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., App. p. 326.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 873
Leucospis integm Haldeman, 1844. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 2: 53. 6.
Clialciti ovata var. abiesae Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 19. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 35 (redescription of orata Say, probably
synonym of integm Hald.).
— Rohwer, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 18 (var. abiesae).
-Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 259 (synonymy).
5: 25-28.— Snodgrass, 1917.
Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser.
Ind. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 9: 180, 188-189. —Burks, 1936. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 29:
253 (hibernation). -Balduf, 1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 180-181. -Donohoe and
Kaloostian, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 967-968. -Genung, 1959. Fla. Ent. 42: 40.
-Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 91 (life cycle). —Bennett, 1961. Tenn.
Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 353 (habits). -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 110-111
(life hist.). —Arthur. 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1087. — Oatman and Jenkins, 1962. Mo. Univ.,
Col. Agr., Res. Bui. 789: 13. — Ciesla, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 595. —Roberts, 1966.
Boyce Thompson Inst., Contrib. 23: 169.
Morphology: Burks, 1936. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 29: 253 (male genitalia). —Snodgrass,
1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 99: 36-37 (male genitalia).
robusta (Cresson). Fla.; West Indies. Host: Celerio lineata (F.),
Spodoptem frugiperda (Smith),
LijDiire cdiranisi Grote, Megalopgge knigii Dewitz, M. opercularis (A. and S.), Mods
latipes (Guen.), Neo)iy)nplia sp., Papilio c)espho)ifeH Cram.
Chalcis robusta Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 101.
Chalcis robustella Wolcott, 1924 (1923). Puerto Rico Dept. Agr., Jour. 7: 56.
Biology: Burks, 1940. 111. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 33: 208. —St. Amand and Cloyd, 1954. Jour.
Parasitol. 40: 83. —Smith, 1957. Canad. Jour. Zool. 36: 259. —Spencer, 1958. Tenth
Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc. 4: 501.
truncatella Burks. Sask., Nebr., Kans., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.
Brachytiieria (Brachynieria) truncata Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86:
234. 9,6.
Preocc. by Brachymeria truncata (Schmitz), 1946.
Brachijmeria truncatella Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 279. N. name.
weemsi Burks. Ga., Fla.
Brachymeria (Brachymeria) weemsi Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 236. 9.
Brachymeria subg. Gahanula Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 261.
Type-species: Brachymeria discreta Gahan. Orig. desig.
discreta Gahan. Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico, Hawaii. Ecology: Reared from nest of Polistes
infested with moth larvae.
Brachymeria discreta Gahan, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 92: 43. 9, cJ.
discretoidea Gahan. Tex., Ariz.; Cent. Amer. Ecology: Reared from nests of Trigona infested
with moth larvae.
Brachymeria discretoidea Gahan, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 44. 9, d.
874 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Brackymeria subg. Pseudobrackymeria Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 263.
Type-species: Pseudochalcis conica Ashmead. Orig. desig.
This is the taxon that took the name Pseudochalcis Ashmead's 1904 classification (Carnegie
in
Mas., Mem. 1: 249-250, 407). The true genus Pseudochalcis Kirby was shown by Steffan in 1956
to be a synonym of Stypiiira Kirby (Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 61: 240).
Columbiana (Howard). D. C, Va., N. C, Fla., La. Ecology: Said to have been reared from
Coccidae, but more Hkely emerged from Laetilia coccidivora (Comst.), a moth that preys
on coccids.
Chalcis Columbiana Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 8, 36. 9.
Chalcis louisiana Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 6. 9.
conica (Ashmead). Tex.; Mexico. West Indies, S. and Cent. Amer.
Pseudochalcis conica Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 407. 9.
flegiae Burks. Fla., Tex. Host: Palpita flegia (Cram.).
Brachynieria (Pseudobrachymeria) Jlegiae Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 271. 9,
6.
laetiliae Burks. N. C, Okla., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Laetilia coccidivora (Comst.), L.
zaviacrella Dyar.
Brachynieria (Pseudobrachymeria) laetiliae Burks, 1960. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 86: 268.
9,6.
pedalis (Cresson). Fla., Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Parasitizes moths
Hving on cactus. Host: Noctuelia elautalis (Grote), Melitara prodeiiialis Walk., M.
deiitata Grote, Olycella junctolineella (Hulst), Ozamia clarefacta Dyar. The Argentine
species Brachymeria (Pseudobrachymeria) cactoblastidis Blanchard may be a synonym
of this species.
Chalcis pedalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 60. 9.
Family LEUCOSPIDIDAE
By B. D. Burks
Revision: Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (6): 1-43 (N. Amer. spp.; key to females).
— Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 435-444 (European spp.). Nikolskaja,
—
1960. Fauna USSR, n. s., v. 7, n. 5, pp. 192-212 (Russian spp.). —
Habu, 1962. Fauna
Japonica, pp. 165-177 (Japanese spp.).
Taxonomy: Mani, 1937. Indian Mus., Rec 39: 287-293 (spp. of India). —
Mani, 1938. Cat.
Indian Ins. 23: 46-49, 146. —Steffan, 1948. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 53: 81-84. —Burks,
1961. Studia Ent. Rio de Janeiro 4: 540 (S. Amer. spp.).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 166.
Leucospis bicincta Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 227. S.
Biology: Graenicher, 1906. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 4: 153-159. -Medler, 1958. Ent. News
69: 21-24. -Medler and Koerber, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 340-344. —Medler, 1958.
Canad. Ent. 90: 326-327. -Medler, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 920. -Johansen and Eves, 1966.
Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta., Cir. 469: 5. —Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 95-97.
—Medler, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 342. — Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and
bees, pp. 434-436. —Medler and Lussenhop, 1968. Wis. Coll. Agr., Res. Bui. 274: 20-47.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 65, figs. 35-39 (thorax). —Burks,
1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 158, fig. 5 (wing venation). —Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn.
Misc. Collect. 99: 36-37 (male genitalia). —Bradley, 1955. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Mem.
27: 134, fig. 6 (wing venation).
affinis floridana Cresson. Cent, and S. Fla. Host: Chalicodoma (Chelostomoides) sp., C. (C.)
georgica Cress., Megachile (Sayapis) sp.
Leucospis affinis war. floridana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 33. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (6): 10, 26.
Family EUCHARITIDAE
By B. D. Burks
All members of this family are parasitic on ants. They are, like most parasites of ants, highly
modified in structure. Ashmead, 1904 (Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 267) characterizes them as being,
876 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
"the most singular looking and wonderfully shaped chalcids known, the structure of the thorax,
and particularly of the scutellum, being most wonderfully and curiously modified and developed;
this development, in connection with the brilliant colors of its members, makes the group the
most striking and attractive of any in the superfamily." However, disregarding these adaptive
differences, but considering the fundamental structure of the thorax, it is clear that the
eucharitids are descended from the same ancestral stem that produced the present-day
pteromalids.
Revision: Ruschka, 1924. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., 1924: 82-89. — Gahan, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 88: 425-458.
Biology: Wheeler and Wheeler, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 163-175. —Clausen, 1940.
Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 30: 504-516.
Subfamily ORASEMINAE
Genus ORASEMA Cameron
Orasevia Cameron, 1884. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym. 1, p. 104.
Type-species: Orase)iia stm)iii)ieipes Cameron. Monotypic. Illustrations
accompanying description of stm)iii)ieipes mislabeled _/7ai;i/)es.
Semora Cameron, 1909. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 35: 432. Preocc. by Peckham, 1892.
Type-species: Seviom xanthopus Cameron. Orig. desig.
Seniorella Ghesquiere, 1946. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 39: 368. N. name.
Semorata Strand, 1947. Folia Zool. Hydrobiol. 11: 393. N. name.
Revision: Gahan, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 436-458.
coloradensis Wheeler. Va., Fla., Iowa, La., Kans., Tex., Colo., N. Mex. Host: Pheidole
bicarixata i'i)iela)idica Forel, Soleiiop.'sis 7)iolesta (Say).
Orasema coloradensis Wheeler, 1907. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 23: 12-14. 9,6.
Biology: Clausen, 1940. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 30: 504-507.
minuta Ashmead. Fla.
Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 3: 188. 6.
Oraseitia }uiHufa
neomexicana Gahan. N. Mex.; Mexico.
Orasewa neo))iexica)ia Gahan, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 450. 9.
occidentalis Ashmead. Calif.
Orasema occidentalis Ashmead, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 355. 9.
robertsoni Gahan. Fla. Host: Pheidole doitata Mayr.
Orasona robertsoni Gahan, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 451. 9.
Biology: van Pelt, 1950. Ent. News 61: 161.
Biology: Smith, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 19: 57-59.
Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 93: 270 (larva).
wheeleri Wheeler. Tex., Colo. Host: Plieidole ceres Whir., P. sciopbila Whir., P. tepicana
Pergande.
Orasema wheeleri Wheeler, 1907. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 23: 14. 9.
Subfamily EUCHARITINAE
Genus PSEDOCHALCURA Ashmead
Pneudochalcura Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 268, 269, 468.
Type-species: Eitcharis gibbosa Provancher. Orig. desig.
arizonensis (Crawford). Ariz.
Chalcura arizoneunia Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 29. 9.
Biology: Pierce and Morrill, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 22. —Clausen, 1940. Wash. Acad.
Sci., Jour. 30: 505-509.
Biology: Wheeler, 1907. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 23: 16.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xi.
878 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
furcata (Fabricius). Ga., Tex.; West Indies, Cent, and South Amer.
E ucharis fareata Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 158.
Taxonomy: Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 105.
Family EUPELMIDAE
By B. D. Burks
Morphology: Reid, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 91: 433-434.
Subfamily TANAOSTIGMATINAE
This group is primarily Neotropical and Australian, with only a very few Nearctic species. All
the species of this subfamily, except one, are known to be gall makers. The one exception is
Tanaostigmodes tychii Ashmead, which was supposed to be parasitic on a seed weevil, Tychiiis,
when it was described. This rearing has not been repeated, and the record may be incorrect.
Subfamily CALOSOTINAE
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1958. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 32: 354-355. — Boucek, 1964. Ent. Soc.
Canada, Mem. 34: 60.
Biology: Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 243: 12. —Gahan, 1934 (1933).
U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 58-60. —Chamberlain, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
784: 38-40. -Nikolskaja, 1952. Opred. Fauna USSR 44: 483.
-Phillips and Poos, 1953. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Farmers Bui. 1323,
p. 5. -Nikolskaja, 1963. Keys Fauna USSR 44: 497
(Eng. transl.).
Taxonomy: Risbec, 1952. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. (E) 2: 98 (generic synonymy).
—Boucek, 1967. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 64: 261-266 (generic synonymy). —Boucek, 1970.
Soc. Ent. Ital., Mem. 49: 78-80 (corrected synonymy).
acmaeoderae Girault. Calif. Host: Acmaeodera sp. in Ceanothus integ€rri7))us.
Eitsaudalion acmaeoderae Girault, 1917 (March). Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 9.
Eusandahim acviaeorerae(,\) Rohwer, 1917 (June). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 171. 9.
alpinum Girault. Calif.
Eusandalum alpinum Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8. 9.
amphicerovorum (Ashmead). N. J., Kans. Host: Amphicenis bicaudafiis (Say).
RatzburgiaV.) amphicerovora Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3, App. p. V. "6"
= 9.
arizona Girault. Ariz.
Eusandalton arizona Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 9. 9.
Subfamily EUPELMINAE
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 4-20. —
Ruschka, 1921 (1920). Zool.-Bot.
Gesell. Wien., Verhandl. 70: 234-315 (European fauna). —
Masi, 1943. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.,
Ann. 61: 153 (key to genera). —
Ferriere, 1938. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 107: 25-26.
— Ferriere, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell, Mitt. 27: 1-21 (brachypterous forms). — Hedqvist,
1963. Studia Forest. Suecica 11: 131-132 (bark-beetle parasites).
Biology: Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17:
25. — Rhoads, 1924. In Blackman and Stage, N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ.,
Tech. Pub. 17: 185. — Beal and Massey, 1945. Duke Univ. School Forest., Bui. 10: 69.
Taxonomy: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 93: 266, 286. — Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 41-46.
1921. Jour. Agr. Res.
Biology: Packard, 1916. Jour. Agr. Res. 6: 370-373. —Phillips and Poos,
21: 405-426. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 41-46. -Hill, Pinckney
and Udine, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 3-15. -Chamberlain, 1941. U. S. Dept.
58: 285-286. -Neunzig
Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 29, 39. -Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc.Wash., Proc.
and Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 900-901. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1265: 98-99. -Brandhorst, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 75-76. -Batiste, 1967. Hilgardia
38: 463. -Morrill and Kieckhefer, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 1129-1131.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 2-3, 7, 11-13.
amicus Girault. Mass., N. Y., s. to Ga., w. to Ark., Tex., N. Mex. Host: Acanthoscelides
alboscutellatus (Horn), A.floridae (Horn), Anthononius grandis Boh., Brnclius
brachialis Fahr., B. pisoruni (L.), Chalcodennus aeneus Boh., Desmoris fulvus Lee,
Mimotiestes aviicus (Horn), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.); Acrobasis caryae Grote, A.
caryivorella Rag., Coleophora vialivorella Riley, Dioryctria disclusa Hein., Grapholitha
molesta (Busck), Rhyacionia frustraiia (Comst.), Ulopltora grotei Rag.; Macrocentrus
sp.
Eupelmus cyaniceps var. amicus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 244. 9.
Biology: Pierce, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 455. —Pierce, Cushman and Hood, 1912. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 51-62. -Pierce and Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17:
165. —
Hambleton, 1937. Arch. Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo 8: 96-97. —
Pemberton, 1954. Hawaii.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 15: 287. -Hinckley, 1959. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 17: 267. -Hinckley,
1961. Ecology 42: 528-529.
Biology: Pierce, 1908. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 73: 29-48. —Pierce, Cushman and
Hood, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 31-68. —Pierce and Cushman, 1915. Ent.
Soc, Wash., Proc. 17: 165-167. —Tucker, 1922. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 144. Breland, —
1948. Ent. News 59: 234. -Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 286. -Allen, 1962. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 96-97. —
Brandhorst, 1962. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 55: 477.
— Harman and Kulman, 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. — Kulman, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent.
58: 68.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 149 (lectotype designated).
inyoensis Girault. Utah, Calif. Host: Saissetia oleae (Bern.); Asphondylia adenostoma Felt;
Apliycus lou)isburyi How., Piniploptems sp.
Eupelmus inyoensis Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 223. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 4: 295-297.
Biology: Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 3: 296. —Flanders, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 33: 252. —
Tilden, 1951. Microentomology 16: 164, 173. —Flanders, 1953 (1952). Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 544, 547. —
Doutt, 1961. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 54: 51.
juglandis Ashmead. N. Y., Va., N. C, Kans. Host: Scolytus rugulosus (Ratz.).
Eupehnus juglandis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 340. 9.
iamachus Walker. Fla.
Eupelmus Lamachus Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 20. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 883
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 150.
limneriae Howard. Conn., s. to Fia. Host: Grapliolitlia niolesta (Busck), Homaledra sabalella
Biology: Woodruff, 1929. Jour. Econ. Ent. 22: 160-167. -Walter, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 778: 18-20. -Passlow, 1958. Queensland Jour. Agr. Sci. 15: 35. —Harris, 1961. Bui.
Ent. Res. 52: 134. -Piore and Viggiani, 1965. Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 23: 23.
quercus Ashmead. Fla. Host: Disliolcaspis quercusvirens (Ashm.) gall.
Eupelmus quercus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. 9.
rosae Ashmead. Fla., La., Kans. Host: Diplolepis spp. galls on rose.
Eupelmus rosae Ashmead, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 36. 9.
rubicola (Ashmead). Fla. Known only from a single male reared from an undet. dipterous
larva from the stem of Rubus; originally described in the Scelionidae, but the type
specimen is Eupelmus.
Xenomerus rubicola Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 100. 6.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 185 (sp. incorrectly trans, from
Scelionidae to Pteromalidae).
speciosus Girault. D. C, Tex. Host: Andricus quercuslaniger (Ashm.) gall.
Eupelmus sphaericephalus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. 9.
spongipartus Foerster. N. B., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ohio, Wis.; Europe. Introduced from
Europe. Host: Grapholitha inolesta (Busck); Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.), Diprion
884 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 21-23. —Proper,
1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 366. —
Brunson, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 119. Brunson and —
Allen, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 447. —Reeks and Smith, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 572.
-Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 95-96.
utahensis Girault. Wyo., Utah. Host: Metatephritis fenestrata Foote.
Eupelmun cyanicepn var. utahensis Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 244. 9.
Biology: Fronk et al., 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 575.
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1960. Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata 36: 110 (generic synonymy).
abstrusa Gahan. Tex. Host: Cyrtarachne sp. egg sacs.
Arachnophaga abstrusa Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 362. ?, 6.
aldrichi Gahan. Mass., Pa., N. J., Md., Tenn., Miss., Tex. Host: Undet. spider egg sacs.
Arachnophaga aldrichi Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 360. 9.
aureicorpus (Girault). S. C, Tex.
Anastatus aureicorpus Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 299. 9.
costalis Gahan. N. J., Del., Md. Host: Eurukuttarus confederata (Grote), Grapholitha molesta
Biology: Weese, 1925. 111. Biol. Monog. 9 (4): 19, 46-52. -Weese, 1930. Okla. Acad. Sci., Proc.
10: 18-19. -Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 459-460. — Cazier and Mortenson, 1962.
So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 61: 74.
scutata Gahan. 111. Host: Undet. spider egg sacs.
Amclinophaga scutata Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 353. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 27: 4. — Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest.
Suecica 11, p. 132.
dryorhizoxeni (Ashmead). Mass., N. Md., D. C, Va., Fla., Ala., 111., Mo., Nebr., Kans.
Y., Pa.,
Host: Rhabdophaga salicistritichoides (Walsh); Belonocnema treatae Mayr, Diplolepis
dichlocem (Harris), D. ignota (0. S.) galls. This species, having been reliably recorded as
reared from a variety of galls, probably does not parasitize the gall makers, but more
likely attacks some inquilines or parasites of the gall makers.
Eupehnus dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. 9, 6.
Eupehiius rhizopheluH Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 4: 186, 189.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
246 (synonymy).
epicaste (Walker). Fla., Kans., Tex. Host: Meteorus sp., M. laphygmae Vier.
Eupehnus Epicaste Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 20. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 149 (synonymy).
1975. Brit.
Eupehiiiuus meteori Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 437. 9.
Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 74-75. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32, 55, 58.
melanderi (Brues). Wash. Host: Diplolepis sp. galls on rose.
Eupelnnis melanderi Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 54. 9.
vesicularis (Retzius). Que., N. B. and Maine, s. to N. C, w. to B. C, s. to Calif.; Europe, N.
Africa, Middle East, Asia Minor. Ecology: This is one of the most polyphagous
chalcidoids, having for hosts Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera,
and Hymenoptera. The list of names of its hosts reported in the world literature is
extremely lengthy, and the list of these hosts that are reliably known for only North
America is tiresomely long. E. vesicularis is usually a primary parasite, but it may also
be secondary. Introduced probably from Europe in straw, and first reported in
Pennsylvania in 1915. Host: Antliononius signatus Say, Bruchus brachialis Fahr.,
Ceutorhynchus assiniilis (Payk.), Cylindrocopttirus fiimissi Buch., Gyrinns sp., Hypera
postica (Gyll.)., H. runiicis (L.), Tachypterellus consors cerasi List; Argyresthia thuiella
packardianus (Fern.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. pruniella
(Pack.), Arcliippus
Clem., C. sahuani Hein., Eurukuttarus confederata (Grote), Grapholitha molesta
(Busck), Malacosonia disstria Hbn., M. pluviale (Dyar), Porthetria dispar (L.),
Rhyacionia buolia)ia (Schiff.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.); Hylemya sp., Mayetiola destructor
(Say); Agathis calcarata (Cress.), Apanteles nielanoscelus (Ratz.), A. laricellae Mason,
Aulacidea podagrae (Bass.), A. tuniida (Bass.) galls, Bathyplectes curculionis
(Thomson), Bracon cephi (Gahan), Bruchophagus sp., Cephus cinctus Nort., C.
pyginaeus (L.), Dalilbontinus fuscipennis (Zett.), Diplolepis sp. galls, Ditropinotiis
aureoviridis Cwfd., Eupehnus allynii (French), Eurytoma parva Phillips, Harniolita
alboniaculata (Ashm.), H. elynii (French), H.festucae P. and E., H. grandis (Riley), H.
hordei (Harr.), H. linearis (Walker), H. longula (Dalm.), H. macnlata (How.), H. fritici
886 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 52-58. —Hill and Pinckney,
1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 6-7, 11-13. -Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 37-44
(immature stages.).— Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest. Suecica 11, p. 133.— Finlayson, 1963.
Canad. Ent. 95: 499 (immature stages).— Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1262.
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1960. Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata (3) 36: 111 (generic synomymy).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 887
disparis Ruschka. Maine, s. to N. J.; Europe, Korea, Japan. Introduced from Russia and Japan;
the first recoveries in 1910. Host: Porthetria dispar (L.); Apatiteles melanoscelus
(Ratz.). Development as a secondary parasite may occur only in laboratory or insectary
cultures. N. Amer. literature before 1929 used the name bifasciatiis.
Anastatus bifasciatiis var. disparis Ruschka, 1920. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien., Verh. 70: 265.
S, 9.
Biology: Fiske, 1910. Parasites of Gipsy and Brown-Tail Moths Introduced into Mass. pp.
16-51. -Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 75, 168-176.
— Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 24. —Burgess and
Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 23-31. -Felker, 1940. N. H. Dept. Agr.,
Bien. Rpt. 14: 122. —Brown and Sheals, 1944. Jour. Forestry 42: 400. —Clausen, 1956. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 76. —
Karnozitzky, 1957. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. Zool. Inst.,
Trud. 4: 37, 97. —
Templado, 1957. Inst. Biol. Apl. Pubs. Barcelona 25: 126. —
Vasic and
Salatic, 1959. Zast. Bilja 52-53: 45. —
Stefanov and Keremedziev, 1961. Viss. Lesot. Inst.
Sofia, Nauch., Trud. 9: 162. —
Tadic, 1961. Zast. Bilja 13: 63-64. -Salatic, 1963. Zast. Bilja
14: 693-699. -Bjegovic, 1963. Zast. Bilja 14: 544. -Bjegovic, 1964. Zast. Bilja 15: 369.
— Dissescu and Ceianu, 1967. Rev. Padurilor 82: 470. —
Kochetova, 1968. Zool. Zhur. 47:
1572.
drassi (Riley). Mo. Host material preserved with original type specimen appears to be cocoon
of a dryinid.
Eupeimus drassi Riley, 1892. hi Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 297. 9.
floridanus Roth and Willis. Fla. Host: Eurycotis floridana (Walker).
Anastatus floridanus Roth and Willis, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 31. 9, 6.
Biology: Roth and Willis, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 33-39. —Roth and Willis, 1960.
Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Coll. 141: 245-246.
furnissi Burks. Oreg. Host: Coloradia pandora Blake, Pseudohazis sp.
Anastatus fumissi Burks, 1967. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 426. 9.
gemmarii (Ashmead). have been reared from galls of Callirhytis
Fla. Originally said to
quercusgennnaria (Ashm.), but the subsequent nearly 90 years it has not been reared
in
again from this rather common The host record may be incorrect.
gall.
Eupeimus gemmarii Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. 9.
hirtus (Ashmead). N. Y., s. to Fla. Host: Thyanta custator (F.).
Eupeimus liirtus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xlv. 9, cJ.
mantis (Ashmead). Fla., Ga., 111., Miss., Ark., Okla., Tex. Host: Stag7noma7itis Carolina (Johan.).
Eupeimus mantis Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc p. xv. 9, 6.
microcentri Gahan. Pa., D. C, 111., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Microcentrum sp.
Anastatus microcentri Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (24): 12. 9, cJ.
mirabilis (Walsh and Riley). N. J., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex.; Mexico. Host: Amblycoryphe
oblongifolia (Deg.), Microcentrum retinerve (Burm.), M. rhombifolium (Sauss.);
Acrosfernum liilare (Say), Brochymena sp.
Antigaster mirabilis Walsh and Riley, 1869. Amer. Ent. 1: 156. 9.
Taxonomy: Riley, 1874. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 9: 162-165.
Biology: Howard, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 209-210. —Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt.
for 1880, pp. 250-251. —Griffiths, 1952. Fla. Ent. 35: 137-138.
pearsalli Ashmead. Mass., N. N. J., Pa., Va., N. C, Ohio, Wis., Ark. Host: Acrostemum
Y.,
liilare (Say), Arcliimerus alternatus (Say), Banasa dimidiata (Say); Paonias astylus
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 24-25.
888 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
reduvii (Howard). Md., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex.; West Indies, Cent, and North. South Amer.
Host: Microcentriim sp.; Acrosternuni liilare (Say), Anasa tristis (Deg.), Arilus
cristatus (L.), Tetyra bipunctata (H.-S.); Anisota senatoria (S. and A.), Estigmene acrea
(Drury), Telea polijphenius (Cramer).
Eupelnius reduvii Howard, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 207. 6,9.
Revision: Waterston, 1923. Bui. Ent. Res. 14: 104-108.
Biology: Underhill, 1934. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 294: 17-18. —
Cleare and Squire, 1934. Agr.
Jour. Brit. Guiana 5: 189. —
Breland, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 110.
ruficollis (Cameron). Calif. Host: Microcentnun rhovibifoliuni (Sauss.), Scudderia furcata
Brunner. In much California literature this sp. is treated under the name vtirabilis.
Braneina ruficolli.s Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 125. 9.
Anastatus rugosicollis Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 347.
Biology: Issac, 1905. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 1: 102 (mirabilis). —Essig, 1913.
Calif. State Comn. Hort, Monthly Bui. 2: 22, 274 (mirabilis).
semiflavidus Gahan. Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Hemileuca nevadensis Stretch, H.
oliviae Ckll.
AnaHtaim >iemiflavidus Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 160. 9, cJ.
Biology: Caffrey, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 373-384. -Wildermuth and Frankenfeld, 1933.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 794-798. -Frankenfeld and Barnes, 1933. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 799-805.
—Barnes and Frankenfeld, 1935. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 917-924. —Barnes, 1944. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 37: 544-545. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 50.
tenuipes Bolivar and Pieltain. Md., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans., Tex., Ariz.; Cosmopolitan.
Ecology: Well established in buildings infested with brownbanded roaches, and
competing successfully with Co»iperia luerceti (Comp.), an encyrtid parasite of the same
roach. An adventive species, often intercepted at ports of entry, following its host into
North America; first established in Arizona in 1939, widespread in Gulf Coast by 1940.
Host: Supella iiitpellectiliu»i (Serv.).
Anastatus tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain, 1925. Soc. Roy. Ent. Egypte, Bui. 9: 43. 9.
Anastatus blattidaruvi Ferriere, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 33. 9.
Soliiidenia blattiphagus Mani, 1936. Indian Mus., Rec. 38: 131. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Coll. 141: 246. —Burks, 1967. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 430.
Biology: Pruthi and Mani, 1940. India Imp. Council Agr. Res., Misc. Bui. 30: 12. —Flock,
1941. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 36: 1-4. —
Tinkham, 1948. Amer. Midland Nat. 40: 557.
-Weber, 1951. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 14: 223. —Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst.
Misc. Coll. 141: 246-247.
zeli (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Zeius longipes (L.).
Eupehnus zeli Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964. Ent. News 75: 1-2. -De Santis, 1967. Comision Invest. Cient. Prov.
Buenos Aires, Notas 4(8): 3 (Argentine sp.).
hetricki Burks. Md., Ga., Fla.
Phlebopenes hetricki Burks, 1964. Ent. News 75: 2-5. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 889
hcliHopnis Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 16. Preocc. by Walsingham, 1881.
Type-species: Isclinopais ophthahuica Ashmead. Orig. desig.
ZaiachnopaiH Ashmead, 1904. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 6: 126. N. name.
schwarzii (Ashmead). Fla.
Charitopim schwarzii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 11. 9.
Taxonomy: Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 275. -Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 65 (4): 3-4. -Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 339.
capitatus Gahan. Tex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer., S. Amer. Host: Ceroplastes sp., Saissetia
heniispherica (Targ.-Toz.), S. nigra (Niet.), S. oleae (Oliv.).
Lecaniobius capitatus Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 4-6. 9.
cockerellii Ashmead. Fla.; West Indies, Cent, and S. Amer. Host: Saissetia nigra (Niet.), S.
oleae (Oliv.); Scutellista cyanea Mots.
Lecaniobius cockerellii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 17. 9.
Zaiophothrix mirum Crawford, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 157. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 4: 242, 297-301.
Compere. Calif.; S. Amer. Introduced from Argentina into Calif., first recovered
utilis in 1935.
Later introduced from Calif, into Peru and Brazil. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Lecaniobius utilis Compere, 1939 (Sept.). Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 79. 9, cJ.
Biology: Wille, 1937. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Mem. 9: 121 (manuscript
name). —Wille, 1937. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Informe 42: 4-11
(manuscript name). —Wille, 1938. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Mem. 10:
194-196 (manuscript name). —Wille, 1939 (Jan.). Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la
Molina, Mem. 11: 218-219 (manuscript name). —Compere, 1939 (Sept.). Calif. Univ. Pubs.,
Ent. 7: 79-83 (life history). —Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 687. —Flanders, 1944.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 409. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 108.
890 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Family ENCYRTIDAE
By Gordon Gordh
The higher classification of the Encyrtidae used in this catalog differs drastically from that
proposed in the 1951 edition. Some explanation is necessary. Burks has considered the Sig-
niphoridae and Aphelinidae as subfamilies of the Encyrtidae. In the 1951 catalog the aphelinids
were considered a subfamily of the Eulophidae and the signiphorids were treated as a distinct
family (Thysanidae). The aphelinids and signiphorids appear more nearly related to the Encyr-
tidae than to other families of chalcidoids. In placing the aphelinids under the Encyrtidae, the
subfamilies of apheUnids (.sex.sH Ferriere, 1965, Faune de I'Europe Bassin Medit, 1: 1-206) have
been relegated to tribal status.
Recently Trjapitzin (1973, Ent. Rev. 52 (1): 118-125; Ent. Rev. 52 (2): 287-295) has treated the
higher classification of the Encyrtidae {sensu stricto) and provided a radical reorganization at
the tribal and subfamilial levels. His classification has been adopted in the present treatment of
the Encyrtidae. In so doing, however, the placement of several genera remains undecided. These
will be treated in a separate publication.
In this section the term "cosmopolitan" means the species is found throughout North America.
I thank D. Miller and M. Stoetzel (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, U. S. Dept.
Agr., Beltsville, Maryland) for providing correct names for homopterous hosts. D. P. Annecke
(Plant Protect. Res. Inst., Pretoria, South Africa) gave his advice on the placement of several
species earlier referred to Aphycun.
The hosts cited in this section are only those reported for North America.
Subfamily APHELININAE
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1965. Faune de I'Europe Bassin Medit. 1: 1-206.— Nikol'skaya and
Jashnosh, 1966. Akad. Nauk SSSR 91: 1-294.— Nikol'skaya and Jashnosh, 1968. Akad. Nauk
SSSR 52: 3-42.
Tribe APHELININI
Genus APHELINUS Dalman
Aphelinus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 21: 181.
mary internal parasites of aphids. Some species are useful in biological control of aphid pests.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1912. Trab. Mus. Cien. Nat. 10 (1): 1-306. — Kurdjumov, 1913. Rev. Russe
d'Ent. 13 266-270. -Girault, 1913. Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 183-184.
(2): Girault, 1915.
—
Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 45-47. —
Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (3):
405-411. -Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 7-12. -De
Santis, 1946. La Plata
Mus. Rev., Zool. (n. s.) 5: 1-21. —
Jasnosh, 1968. Ent. Rev. 42 (1): 178-185. Agarwal, 1964.
—
Indian Acad. Sci., Proc. (B) 60 (5): 331-332.
—
Yoshimoto, 1965. Pacific Insects 7 (4): 690,
694-695. — Hayat, 1972. Entomophaga 17 (1): 49-58. —Graham, 1976. Syst. Ent. 1 (2):
123-146.
asychis Walker. Okla., Tex., Cahf. Imported into the United States from Iran for the biological
control of the greenbug, Schizaphis grayninuni, in the midwest. In California the
parasite attacks R. ntaidis along the Pacific coast. Host: Scliizaphis gratninus (Rond.),
Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). The synonomy listed here is essentially that of Ferriere
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 891
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1965. Faune de I'Europe Bassin Medit. 1: 75. —Graham, 1976. Syst.
Zool. 1 (2): 124, 127, 128-129.
Biology: Jackson and Eikenbary, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (1): 81-85. et al., — Rainey
1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (1): 169-176. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 72-73.
-van den Bosch and Messenger, 1973. Biol. Control, pp. 77, 139. —Michel, 1967. C. R.
Acad. Sci., Paris 264: 936-939. -Michel, 1969. Entomophaga 14 (4): 439-446. Monadjemi, —
1972. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 8 (2): 441-449. -Michel, 1973. Entomophaga 18 (4):
349-382. -Griffin, 1931. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 7: 498 [Date of Publication of "Beitrage
zur Monographie der Pteromalinen Nees [Hymenoptera]]".
aureus Gahan. Calif. Host: Chaitophorus salicicola (Essig).
Aphelinus aureus Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 9. 6, 9.
automatus Girault. Va., 111. Host: Hysteroneura setariae (Thos.).
Aphelinus auioiuatus Girault, 1911. Entomologist 44: 178. 9.
chaonia Walker. Calif. Adventive. Host: Aphis spiraecola Patch, Toxoptera aurantii (Fonsc).
Aphelinus Chaonia Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid. v. 1, p. 4. 6, 9.
Myina flavicornis Foerster, 1841 [1840]. Beitr. Monogr. Pteromalinen, p. 45. 9.
Aphelinus transcersus Thomson, 1876 (1875). Hym. Scand., v. 4, p. 185. 9.
Kurdjumov. Fla. Adventive.
flaviventris
Aphelinus flaviventris Kurdjumov, 1913. Rev. Russe d'Ent. 13 (2): 268. Described as
Jlaviventris Foerster.
Preoccupied.
Aphelinus Howardii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 221. N. name.
jucundus Gahan. Que., w. to Ont., s. to Wis., Oreg., s. to Calif. Host: Acyrihosiphon conielli
(Patch), A. pseudodirhodum (Patch), Cryptomyzus ribis (L.), Macrosiphuni euphorbiae
(Thos.).
Aphelinus jucundus Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 8-9. 9.
Biology: Smith, 1923. Idaho Agr. Exp. Sta., Res. Bui. 3: 55-57.
malt (Haldeman). Cosmopolitan. Host: Aphis monardae Oestl., A. pomi DeGeer, Brevicoryne
brassicae (L.), Colopha eragrostidis Midd., Coleophora malivorella Riley, Eriosoma
crataegi (Oestl.), E. lanigerum (Haus.), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), Macrosiphuni floridae
(Ashm.), M. rosae (L.), Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Riley), Myzus lythri (Schrank),
Schizaphis gmniinuin (Rond.), Tetraneura graniinis Monell. Records of
non-homopterous hosts must be verified.
Eriophilus mall Haldeman, 1851. Pa. Farm Jour. 1: 130-131. 6, 9.
Blastothrix rosae Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. 9.
Aphelinus varicornis Girault, 1909. Psyche 16 (2): 29-31. 9.
892 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1:24-25. -De
Santis, 1948.
La Plata Mus. Rev. Zool. (n. s.) 5: 103. — Ferriere, 1965. Faune I'Eur. Bassin Medit. 1:
66-69. -Graham, 1976. Syst. Ent. 1 (2): 124, 127.
Biology: Lundie, 1924. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 79: 1-27. Telenga, 1936. Trudy
—
VIZR, Ser. 1 (1): 7-75. -Gibson, 1939. VII Internat. Kong. Ent., Verhandl. 3: 1454.
-Yothers, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Admin., Bur. Ent. PI. Quar. E 861, 61 pp.
-Evenhius, 1958. Tijdsch. Plant. Wagen., pp. 3-103. —Lung, Wang, and Tang, 1960. Acta
Ent. Sinica 10 (1): 6. —
Evenhuis, 1962. Entomophaga 7 (3): 215-220. Boldyreva, 1970. —
Ent. Rev. 49 (4): 457-459. —
Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 83, 410. —van den Bosch and
Messenger, 1973. Biol. Control, pp. 29, 30, 79. See Peck, 1963. Can. Ent. Sup. pp. 263-267
for an extensive bibliography.
marlatti (Ashmead). Ont., Kans. Host: Aphis sp. on Cineraria.
Baeocharis Marlatti Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 3: (appendix) p. V. 6, 9.
Aphelinus subapterus Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27 (9): 405. 6.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 12.
Biology: McLeod, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rept. 68: 45-48.
nigritus Howard. S. C. w. to Tex., n. to Minn.; Calif. Ecology: In northern localities found in
greenhouses. Host: Hysterojieura setariae (Thos.), Schizaphis gramiiius (Rond.),
Pseudococcus sp. on Artetiiisia. Pseudococcid host should be verified.
Aphelinus nigritus Howard, 1908. Ent. News 19 (8): 366-367. 9.
Biology: Webster and Phillips, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 110: 123. -Wood, 1958.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 51 (4): 553. —Jackson et ai, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63 (3): 733-736.
-Archer et al., 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67 (1): 11-14.
perpallidus Gahan. Ont., N. Y., Iowa, Oreg., Calif. Host: Chromaphis juglandicola (Kltb.),
Monellia costalis (Fitch), Monellia sp. on hickory, M. sp. on pecans, Myzocallis
fiimipennella (Fitch).
Apltelinus perpallidus Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 10. 6, 9.
sanborniae Gahan. Pa., Ohio, Ont. w. to N. Dak. Host: Kakimia houghtonensis (Troop),
Sanbornia jnniperi Perg.
Aphelimis sanborniae Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 7-8. 6, 9.
semiflavus Howard. Cosmopolitan. Host: Acyrthosiphon cornelli (Patch), A. pisum (Harris),
Chaitophonis viniinalis Monell, Hyadaphis erysimi (Kltb.), Macrosiphuni avenae (F.),
Macrosiphonielta sanborni (Gill.), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Myzus sp. on Aquilegia,
Rhopalomyzns poae (Gill), Schizaphis graniinus (Rond.), Therioaphis macidata (Buck.).
Aphelinus semiflavus Howard, 1908. Ent. News 19 (8): 366, 367. 3,9.
Aphelinus brevipennis Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 18.
Taxonomy: Janssen, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11 (5-6): 671-678.
Biology: Hartley, 1922. Ohio Jour. Sci. 22 (8): 209-236. —van den Bosch, 1957. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 50 (3): 353. —van den Bosch, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (1): 136-141. Schlinger and
—
Hall, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (1): 154. —Barnes, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53 (6): 1094.
—Schaefers and Allen, 1962. Hilgardia 32: 426. —Force and Messenger, 1964. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 57 (4): 405-413. -Wilbert, 1964. Beitr. z. Ent. 14 (1-2): 159-219. -Wilbert,
1965. Zeitschr. Morph. Oekol. Tiere 55: 804-834. -Specht, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62
(5): 1207. -Manglitz and Schalk, 1970. Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. 43 (3): 309-314.
Taxonomy: Griffin, 1931. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 7: 498 (nomenclature). —Graham,
1976. Syst. Ent. 1 (2): 125, 127, 133.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 893
Biology: Jackson et al, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63 (3): 733-736. —Archer et al., 1974. Ent.
Sec. Amer., Ann. 67 (1): 11-14.
133-134. -DeBach and Rosen, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69 (3): 541-545.
Biology: DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., 323 pp. —Rosen and DeBach, 1976.
Mushi 46 (1): 1-17.
chilensis Howard. Cosmopolitan. Host: Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, Aspidiotus sp. on Pinus
radiata, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), Furchadiaspis zarniae (Morg.), Hemiherlesia
rapax (Comst.). It seems that what previous writers have called chilensis will turn out
to be a complex of morphologically similar forms.
Aphytis Chile7isis Howard, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32 (6): 168. 9.
Aphelinus longiclavae Mercet, 1911. Assoc. Espan. Prog. Cien., Cong. Valencia, p. 128. 3,
9.
Trichograinmatoidea signiphoroides Brethes, 1913. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat.,
An. 24: 99-100. 9.
Aphelinus capitis Rust, 1915. Ent. News 26 (2): 73-74. 9.
Taxonomy: Brethes, 1916. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 27: 429. —Mercet, 1921.
Real Soc. Hist. Nat., Bol. 50: 299-300. —
Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (3):
411-412. —
Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 11. —Compere, 1955. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 283-285. —Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 94-96.
chrysomphali (Mercet). N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Calif. Host: Acutaspis umbonifera (Newstead),
Biology: Quayle, 1932. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 542: 31-33.
—
Woglum et al., 1947. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 40 (6): 818-820. —DeBach, 1954. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 134-151.
—Smith, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89 (5): 219-230. —
Muma, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (4): 577-586.
— DeBach and Sisojevic, 1960. Ecology 41: 153. —DeBach and Sundby, 1963. Hilgardia 34
(5): 105-166. -Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Agr. Sci., Jour. 7: 335-345. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol.
Biology: Quayle, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3 (5): 398-401. — Alam, 1956. Nat. Acad. Sci. India,
Proc, Allahabad 26 (B): 69-74.
fisheri DeBach. Calif. Introduced, establishment questionable. Host: Aonidiella aurantii
(Mask.), Aspidiotus nerii Bouche.
Aphytis fisheri DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52 (4): 359, 362. 6,9.
Ta.xonomy: Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 114.
Biology: DeBach and Landi, 1959. Calif. Agr. 13: 9. —van den Bosch and Messenger, 1973.
Biol. Control, p. 77. —Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 75, 184.
hispanicus (Mercet). Fla. w. to Calif. Host: Parlatoria pergandii Comst., Aonidiella aurantii
(Mask.).
Aphelinus niaculicornis var. hispanicus Mercet, 1912. Mus. Cien. Nat. Madrid Trab., ser.
Zool. 10: 82. 9.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1930. Rev. Biol. y. Forest. Limnologia, (Ser. B) 2 (2): 51, 53-54
(misidentification ot hispanicus as A. niaculicornis (Masi)). —Compere, 1955. CaHf. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 289, 294. -DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52 (4): 359-360.
-Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 92 (key), 99, 100. -Muma
and Selheim,
1966. Fla. State Hort. Soc, Proc. 79: 87-89.
holoxanthus DeBach. Fla. w. to Calif. Introduced and successfully established. Host:
Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) (in lab.), Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, Chrysomphalus aonidutn
(L.).
Aphytis holoxanthus DeBach, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53 (6): 704-705. 6, 9.
Ta.xonomy: Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 93 (key), 115. —Muma and
Selheim, 1966. Fla. State Hort. Soc, Proc 79: 87 (key), 90. —Rao and DeBach, 1969.
Hilgardia 39 (19): 515-567.
Biology: Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 170-172, 460-461. —DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by
Nat. Enem., pp. 175-177, 202-203, 291.
immaculatus Compere. Calif Introduced, establishment questionable. Host: Aonidiella
aurantii (Mask.), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.).
Aphytis immaculatus Compere, 1955. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 279, 281, 283, 307-308.
6, 9.
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 93 (key), 107.
Biology: DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52 (4): 354-362. —Dean, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 54 (6): 918-920. -DeBach and Landi, 1961. Hilgardia 31 (14): 459-497. -DeBach and
Argyriou, 1967. Entomophaga 12 (4): 325-342. — Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 130-131,
171, 462.
lingnanensis Compere. Host: Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.), A. citriua (Coq.)
Fla., Tex., Calif. (in
lab.), Aspidiotiis iierii Bouche, Diaspis ecliinocacti (Bouche) (in lab.).
Aphytin liHguaneHaiii Compere, 1955. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 279, 303-305. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann-. 52 (4): 356, 357, 359 (key), 360. —Quednau,
1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 93 (key), 107. -Rao
and DeBach, 1969. Hilgardia 39
(19): 515-567.
Biology: van den Bosch and Messenger, 1973. Biol. Control, pp. 77. —DeBach et al., 1956.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49 (3): 235-239 (as Aphytis "A"). —DeBach and White, 1960. Calif.
Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 770, 58 pp. -DeBach and Sisojevic, 1960. Ecology 41 (1): 153-160.
-Gordh and DeBach, 1976. Canad. Ent. 108 (6): 583-589. —Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control,
pp. 74-75, 85, 89, 170-171, 180-186.
maculicornis (Masi). Calif. Host: Parlatoria oleae (Colvee).
Aphelinus niaculicomis Masi, 1911. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5 (4): 158-159. 9.
Taxonomy: Doutt, 1954. Jour. Econ. Ent. 47 (1): 39-40. —Hafez and Doutt, 1954. Canad. Ent.
86 (2): 90-96. — Sugonyayev, 1962. Akad. Nauk SSSR Izv., ser. Biol. 5: 755. and—Ahmad
Ghani, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61 (1): 69-74. — Khasimuddin and DeBach, 1976. Entomophaga
21 (1): 81-92.
Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 6, 33, 82. -Huffaker et al., 1962.
Hilgardia 32 (13): 541-636. -Huffaker and Kennett, 1966. Hilgardia 37 (9): 283-335.
-Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 30-31, 42, 48, 73, 118, 129, 172-179. -Khasimuddin and
DeBach, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68 (5): 893-896.
melanostictus Compere. Calif. Host: Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae (Comst.).
Aphytis melanostictus Compere, 1955. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 278, 287. 6, 9.
melinus DeBach. Calif. Host: Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.), A. citrina (Coq.) (in lab.), Diaspis
echinocacti (Bouche) (in lab.), Hemiberlesia lataniae (Sign.).
Aphytis melinus DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52 (4): 359, 361-362. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (1): 93 (key), 114-115. —Quednau,
1965. So. Africa Agr. Sci., Jour. 8: 43-56. -Rao and DeBach, 1969. Hilgardia 39 (19):
515-567.
Biology: DeBach and Landi, 1959. Calif. Agr. 13: 9. —DeBach and Sundby, 1963. Hilgardia 34
(5): 105-166. -Quednau, 1964. So. Africa Agr. Sci., Jour. 7: 335-340. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol.
Control, pp. 75, 89, 120, 180, 184-186, 188, 190, 464. -Sternlicht, 1973. Entomophaga 18 (4):
339-342. -McLaren and Buchanan, 1973. Austral. Jour. Zool. 21 (1): 111-117.
-Abdelrahman, 1974. Austral. Jour. Zool. 22 (2): 203-247.
mytilaspidis (LeBaron). Cosmopolitan. Host: Aspidiottis nerii Bouche, Aulacaspis rosae
(Bouche), Canilaspis juniperi (Bouche), Chionaspis furfura (Fitch), C. salicisnigrae
(Walsh), C. heterophyllae Cooley, C. pinifoliae (Fitch), Dynaspidiotus britannicus
(Newst.), Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.), Lepidosaphes sp. on Ptelea trifoliata, Parlatoria
blanchardi (Targ.-Tozz.), Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Sign.), Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae
(Comst.), Q. ostraeaformis (Curt.), Q. peniiciosus (Comst.). Aphytis mytilaspidis is
noteworthy in that it has an arrhenotokous and a thelytokous form. Moreover, Rossler
and DeBach (1973) have shown that thelytokous females are capable of utilizing sperm
of males from an arrhenotokous population.
Aphelinus viytilaspidis LeBaron, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 360. 9.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1955. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 10 (4): 309-310. —DeBach and Azim, 1962.
Mushi 36 (1): 1-8. —Rossler and DeBach, 1972. Entomophaga 17 (4): 391-423. —Rossler
896 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
and DeBach, 1972. Entomophaga 17 (4): 425-435. — Khasimuddin and DeBach, 1976.
Entomophaga 21 (1): 113-122.
complex.
Aphelinun Proclia Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid. v. 1, pp. 9-10. 9.
Aphelinus fuscipennis Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 356. 9.
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1948. La Plata Mus. Rev. Zool. (n. s.) 5: 133-138. —Compere, 1955.
Calif. Univ., (4): 278, 287. -DeBach, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52 (4): 358.
Pubs. Ent. 10
—Chumakova, 1960. Leningr. Vsesoi. Inst. Zasch. Rast., Trudy 15: 57. —Chumakova, 1961.
Leningr. Vsesoi. Inst. Zasch. Rast., Trudy 15: 316.
Biology: Smith, 1897. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 17: 483-519.
—
Quayle, 1911. Calif. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 214: 463-466. —Essig, 1931. Hist, of Ent., pp. 339-341. —Chumakova, 1961.
Ent. Rev. 40 (2): 171-179. -Goryunova, 1964. Trudy VIZR 22 (1): 40-55. Sumaroka, 1967. —
Ent. Rev. 46 (2): 179-185. -Sorokina, 1971. Ent. Rev. 50 (3): 311-312.
trodora attack Orthoptera and Homoptera eggs, but at least one species is purported to
parasitize Diptera and other Hymenoptera. A host-parasite catalog of Centrodora has been
prepared by Hayat, 1974.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1918. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., Bol. 18: 103-109. — Mercet, 1930. Eos. 6 (4):
287-295. -Annecke, 1965. So. Africa Agr. Sci., Jour. 8: 1133-1138. —Valentine, 1966. New
Zeal. Jour. Sci. 9: 331-335. —Hayat, 1973. Entomophaga 18 (1): 41-46. —Hayat, 1974. Polski
Pismo Ent. 44 (2): 287-298 (host-parasite catalog). —Graham, 1976. Syst. Ent. 1 (2):
135-136.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 124-128. -Erdos, 1958. Folia
Ent. Hungarica 6: 165-184. —
Nikol'skaya and Yashnosh, 1966. Opred. Fauny SSSR 91, pp.
156-161.
Biology: McConnell, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9 (1): 97-102. —Hill and Smith, 1928. Jour.
Agr. Res. 36 (2): 153-155.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 5, 11-13.
This cosmopolitan genus contains approximately 35 species. Most, if not all, are external
hyperparasites associated with scale insects.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1936. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (12): 277-322. —Nikol'skaya and
Jashnosh, 1966. Opred. Fauny SSSR 91: 162-166. —Annecke and Insley, 1972. So. Africa
Ent. Soc, Jour. 35(1): 1-15.
carnesi (Howard). Del. s. to Va., Calif. Host: Comperiella bifasciata How. on Lepidosaphes
6, 9.
Biology: Felt, 1916. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 180: 84. -Peterson, 1962. Canad.
Ent 94 (4): 740.
— Willoughby and Kosztarab, 1974. Va. Polytech. Inst. St Univ., Res. Div. Bui. 92: 24.
Taxonomy: Tachikawa, 1962. Shikoku Ent. See, Trans. 7 (3): 74-79. — Nikol'skaya and
Jashnosh, 1966. Opred. Fauny SSSR 91: 150.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1928. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., Bol. 28: 507-512. —Nowicki, 1929. Neue
Beitr. Syst. Insektenk. 4 (13-14): 160. —Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97 (1164-1166):
140-142. -Ferriere, 1962. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 35 (1-2): 139-143. -Ferriere, 1965.
Faune I'Europe Bassin Medit. 1: 52-56. —Nikol'skaya and Jashnosh, 1966. Opred. Fauny
SSSR 91: 153-156. —Graham, 1976. Syst. Ent. 1 (2): 143.
nigra Lagace. Calif. Introduced. Host: Iziphya punctata Hille Ris Lamb.
Mesidia nigra Lagace, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62 (3): 530-531. S, 9.
Tribe COCCOPHAGINI
Genus ABLERUS Howard
Ablerus Howard, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7 (1): 7-8.
Type-species: Centrodora clisiocanipae Ashmead. Monotypic.
Ablerus has about 35 species, is predominantly Australian in distribution, and is composed of
hyperparasites.
Biology: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 242, 246-247.
youngi Girault. La., Tex. Host: Ceroplastes sp. on Chrysanthemum, Coccus hesperidum L.,
Saissetia coffeae (Walk.).
AnenistusC.) youngi Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum Cum Observ. V, p.
11.
Prospaltoides Iw2vardi Brethes, 1914. Nunquam Otiosus, Buenos Aires, pp. 13-14.
Biology: Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 7, 31. —Isaac, 1905. Calif.
State Comm. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 1: 95. -Essig, 1931. Hist, of Ent., pp. 341-342, 386.
—Benassy, 1958. Entomophaga 3 (2): 104. —Hughes, 1960. Fla. Ent. 43 (2): 90-92.
—
Benassy, 1961. Ann. des Epiphyt. 12 (C): 42. —
Chumakova, 1965. Ent. Rev. 44 (3):
305-308. — Sorokina,
1971. Ent. Rev. 50 (3): 313-316. —Brewer, 1971. Austral. Jour. Zool. 19
(1): 53-63. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 48, 49, 78. —
DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by
Nat. Enem., p. 133.
Morphology: Parker and Thompson, 1925. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 18 (3): 387.
lounsburyi (Berlese and Paoli). Fla. Host: Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.), Chrysomphaius
aonidum (L.), C. dictyospervii (Morg.).
Prospaltella lounsbiiryi Berlese and Paoli, 1916. Redia 11 (1-2): 305.
Taxonomy: Muma, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (4): 579. — Annecke, 1963. So. Africa Ent. Soc,
Jour. 26 (1): 206.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1923. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23 (9): 410-413. — Nowicki, 1926.
Polski Pismo Ent. 5 (1-2): 104-113 (Palearctic key). — Ferriere, 1927. Rev. Suisse de Zool.
34 (2): 57-59. —Alam, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 108 (8): 358, 376-379. Agarwal, —
1964. Indian Acad. Sci., Proc. (B) 60: 326-331. —Annecke and Insley, 1970. Bui. Ent. Res.
60 (2): 237-247. —
De Santis, 1974. Rev. Chilena Ent. 8 (1): 11-15 (argentinean spp.).
Biology: Nikol'skaya, 1952. Chalcid Fauna of USSR p. 295 (English translation 1963; p. 301).
americanus Dozier. Del. Host: Lecaniuni corni Bouche, Lepidosaphes uhni (L.),
QuadraspidiotuH peniiciosus (Comst.).
Azotus americanus Dozier, 1928. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 30 (2): 36. S.
marchali Howard. D. C, Md., Va. Host: Diaspidiotus uvae (Comst).
Azotus marchali Howard, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4 (2): 138-139. S.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 901
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1928. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 28: 511-512. Nowicki, 1929. Neue —
Beitr. Syst. Insektenk. 4 (13-14): 158. -Compere, 1936. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (12):
292-293. -Doutt, 1966. Hilgardia 37 (9): 219-231.
Biology: Broodryk and Doutt, 1966. Hilgardia 37 (9): 233-254. —Finney, 1966. Hilgardia 37
(9): 337-343. -Kennett et a/., 1966. Hilgardia 37 (9): 255-282. —van den Bosch and
Messenger, 1973. Biol. Control, pp. 39, 110, 111. — DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat.
Enem., pp. 171, 204.
fuscipennis (Girault). III. Host: Melaiiaspis obscum (Comst.). Transfered from Prospaltella
Ashmead, teste H. Compere (in lift.).
Prospaltella ilicis Mercet, 1921. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat. Tomo 50 Aniv., pp. 304-305, 308.
9.
Taxonomy: Silvestri, 1927. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici Bol. 20: 36-38 (redescribed
,
in
Coccophagus contains about 140 species and is worldwide in distribution. Some species have
been important in biological control of lecaniine coccids.
902 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Flanders, 1936. Science 83 (2160): 499. -Flanders, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29 (3): 468.
-Flanders, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29 (2): 251-255. —
Zinna, 1961. Lab. Ent. Agr.
Portici, Bol. 19: 303-317. -Flanders, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 47 (1): 87.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 78 (7): 26. —Compere, 1940. Hilgardia 13
(7): 397, 401.
baldassarii Compere. Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Coccophagus baldassarii Compere, 1931. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 5 (12): 251-252. 9.
capensis Compere. Calif. Host: Parasaissetia nigra (Nietn.), S. oleae (Oliv.). Coccophagiis
viodesfus of American authors, not Silvestri.
Coccophagus niodestus var. capensis Compere, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 78 (7): 83.
Biology: Smith and Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (3): 51-61. Essig, 1931. Hist,
—
of Ent., pp. 346, 386. -Flanders, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29 (2): 468. -Cendana, 1937. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (14): 390-396. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 93.
caridei (Brethes). Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host: Coccus hesperidum L., C.
pseudomagnoliarum (Kuw.), Planococcus citri (Risso), Saissetia hemispkaerica
(Targ.-Tozz.), S. oleae (Oliv.).
Onophiius Caridei Brethes, 1918. Soc. Rural Argentina, An. 52: 156.
Coccophagus heteropneusticus Compere, 1939. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (5): 83-84. S, 9.
Biology: Flanders, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32 (6): 888-890. —Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent.
35 (5): 687. -Flanders, 1949. Canad. Ent. 81 (11): 261.
cinguliventris Girault. Md. w. to 111., Wis. Host: Lecanium conii Bouche, L. nigrofasciatum
Perg.
Coccophagus cinguliventris Girault, 1909. Psyche 16 (4): 79-80. 9.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9 (3): 297-298 (male described).
cowperi Girault. Tex. w. to Calif. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.), Coccus hesperidum L.,
Parasaissetia nigra (Nietn.).
Coccophagus cowperi Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 1. 9.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 78 (7): 57, 60. —Flanders, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46 (1): 90-91.
-Alam, 1956. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 108 (8): 363-364.
Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 94. —Flanders, 1959. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 52 (4): 597.
eleaphilus Silvestri. Calif. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Coccophagus eleaphilus Silvestri, 1915. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 9: 318-320. <J,
9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 903
lycimnia (Walker). Cosmopolitan. Host: Ceroplastes floridensis Comst., Coccus hesperidum L.,
C. pseudo)nag)ioliaru)n (Kuw.), Icerya purchasi Mask., Kermes sp., Lecanium comi
Bouche, L. fletcheri Ckll., L. nigrofasciatuin Perg., L. persicae (F.), L. pruinosuin Coq.,
L. quercifex Fitch, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.) (?), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietn.),
Parlatoria pergandii Comst., Pheuacoccus acericola King, Physokerines insignicola
(Craw), Planococcus citri (Risso), Pulvinaria acericola (W. and R.), P. aniygdali Ckll,
904 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Flanders, 1936. Science 84 (2169): 85. -Flanders, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29 (2): 468.
-Flanders, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29 (2): 253. -Flanders, 1942. Ecology 23: 120.
-Flanders, 1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36 (5): 802. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1139, pp. 94-95. -Peterson, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94 (7): 740. -Sonina, 1962. Akad. Nauk.
Uzbek. SSR, Biol. Zhur. 3: 62. -Sugonyayev, 1962. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Izv., Ser. Biol. 5:
755. -Phillips, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95 (4): 402. -Sorokina, 1971. Ent. Rev. 50 (3): 313, 315,
316.
mexicensis Girault. Calif. Introduced, possibly estabUshed. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 259-261.
Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, pp. 94-95. —Flanders, 1959. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 52 (4): 597.
purpureas Ashmead. Fla.
Coccopliagus purpureus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 132. 9.
Biology: Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (5): 687. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 1139, p. 95.
scutatus Howard. Calif. Host: Kermes nigropunctatus Ehrh. and Ckll.
Coccopliagus scutatus Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. ,
1: 38. 6, 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 905
scutellaris (Dalman). Fla., Oreg., Calif. Host: Coccus hesperidum L., C. pseiidomagiwliarum
(Kuw.), Lecanium corni Bouche, Saissetia coffeae (Walk.), S. oleae (Oliv.).
Entedoti scutellaris Dalman, 1825. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 46: 365, 371. 6,9.
Coccophagus lunulatus Howard, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6 (3): 232. 9.
species distributed throughout the world. They are primary internal parasites of whiteflies and
armored scale insects. Males of some species are purported to be hyperparasites on females of
the same species.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1907. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Bui. 12 (4): 76-79. Nowicki, —
1929. Beitr. Syst. Insektenk. 4: 158-160. —Mercet, 1930. Eos 6 (2): 191-193. —Mercet,
Neue
1930. Rev. de Biol. Forest, y Limnologia 2 (B): 77-80. —
Agarwal, 1964. Indian Acad. Sci.,
Proc. 49: 282-285. -Jashnosh, 1973. Ent. Rev. 52 (2): 578-585. —Graham, 1976. Syst. Ent. 1
(2): 142-143.
angelica Howard. Calif. Host: Aleuroplatus coronatus (Quaint.), Aleyrodes sp. on willow.
Encarsia angelica Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 30. cJ.
basicincta Gahan. Fla. Host: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mask.).
Encarsia basicincta Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 20-21. 9.
Howard. Idaho, Wash., Ariz., Calif. Host: Aleyrodes sp. on Sonchus.
coquilletti
Encarsia coquilletti Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 29. 6, 9.
Biology: Speyer, 1927. Bui. Ent. Res. 17 (3): 301-308. -McLeod, 1938. Sci. Agr. 18: 529-535.
-Burnett, 1948. Ecology 29: 181-189. —Burnett, 1949. Ecology 30: 113-133. —Burnett,
1958. Canad. Ent. 90 (3): 179-191, 225-229. —Burnett, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94 (7): 673.
—
Timofeeva, 1963. Zasch. Rast. Vred. i Boleznei. 8: 44. —Curry and Pimentel, 1971. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (5): 1188-1190. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 195, 200-202, 211.
luteola Howard. Mass., Conn., D. C, Calif. Host: Trialeurodes femaldi (Morr.), T. packardi
(Morr.).
E7icarsia luteola Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 1: 29. 9.
906 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Morrill and Back, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 102: 8. — Poinar, 1964. Jour.
Ent. 57: 382.
meritoria Gahan. Fla. w. to Calif. Host: Trialeurodes floridensis (Quaint.).
Encarsia meritoria Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 19-20. 6,9.
pergandiella Howard. N. Y. s. to D. C, w. to 111., Wash., Calif. Host: Aleuroplatiis coronatus
(Quaint.), Trialeurodes abutilonea (Hald.), T. vaporarioruni (Westw.).
Encarsia pergandiella Howard, 1907. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Bui. 12 (4): 78. 9.
Encarsia versicolor Girault, 1908. Psyche 15 (3): 53. 6, 9.
Biology: Garman, 1922. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 241: 92-93. —
Dysart, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 59 (1): 28-33. -Gerling, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98 (7): 707-724.
Biology: Morrill and Back, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 102: 8.
Lounsburyia Compere and Annecke, 1961. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 24 (1): 28-29.
Type-species: Coccopliagus trifa.sciatus Compere. Orig. desig.
This African genus of coccophagines consists of only a few species which are similar to Coc-
copliagus. The type-species was imported into California for the biological control of the black
scale, Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Taxonomy: Compere, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 78 (7): 1-132. —Compere and Annecke,
1961. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 24 (1): 28-32.
Biology: Cendana, 1937. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (14): 372-379. —Flanders, 1942. Ecology 23:
120.
Pkyscus consists of about 40 species distributed throughout the world. Females are internal
parasites of scale insects; males develop as hyperparasites of females of their own species
(sometimes called facultative adelphoparasitism) or on other primary parasites (sometimes
called heterotrophic arrhenoparasitism).
Biology: Jashnosh, 1968. Ent. Rev. 47 (1): 117-124. —Fisher, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54 (3):
444. -Williams, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61 (3): 463-484.
flaviventris Howard. Tex. Ecology: Associated with Antonina gram in is (Mask.). Introduced.
Physcus flaviventris Howard, 1910. Ent. News 21 (4): 162. 9.
fulvus Compere and Annecke. Calif. Introduced. Host: Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.).
Physcus fulvus Compere and Annecke, 1961. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 24 (1): 21-23. 6, 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 907
Biology: Flanders, 1953. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 22 (as Physcus "B").
-Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 122 (sp. "B").
howardi Compere. Calif. Host: Nuculaspiii californica (Col.).
Physcus howanii Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (8): 223. S, 9.
testaceus Masi. Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host: Lepidosaphes uhni (L.),
Lepidosaphes sp.
Physcus testaceus Masi, 1909. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 36-37. 9.
Biology: Flanders, 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50 (2): 171-172.
varicornis (Howard). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., s. to Neb., Calif. Host: Chionaspis americana
Limnologia 2 (B): 72-77. -Mercet, 1931. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat, Bol. 31 (9): 659-669.
— Alam, 1956. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 108 (8): 357-384.
—
Agarwal, 1964. Indian
Acad. Proc. (B) 59: 274-282. -Yoshimoto, 1965. Pacific Insects 7 (4): 695-696.
Sci.,
— Shafee, 1973. Entomophaga 18 (3): 251-258.
—
Ferriere, 1961. Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt.
34 (3): 253-269.
Taxonomy: Silvestri, 1908. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 3: 22-28. -Masi, 1908. Lab.
Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 3: 143-146. —Flanders, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53 (5): 757.
— Ferriere, 1961. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 34 (3): 256, 261-263.
Biology: Baker, 1933. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 295: 8-9. -Gireau, 1956. Phytoma 82: 29.
-Benassy, 1957. Entomophaga 2 (4): 283. —
Benassy, 1958. Ann. Epiphyt. 9 (C): 459.
-Benassy, 1961. Ann. Epiphyt. 12 (C): 127.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 66.
Taxonomy: Flanders, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53 (5): 757 (questionable synonym of berlesei
(Howard)).
elongata Dozier. La. w. to Calif. Host: Lepidosaplies gloveri (Pack.).
Prospaltella elongata Dozier, 1937. Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agr. 21 (2): 128-129. 9.
fasciata Malenotti. D. C. s. to Fla., w. to Tex. Host: Canilaspis visci (Schraeder),
Pseudaonidia duplex (CklL).
Prospaltella fasciata Malenotti, 1916. Redia 12 (1-2): 195-196. 9.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1961. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 34 (3): 255, 259-260.
Biology: Tower, 1914. Jour. Econ. Ent. 7 (6): 422. —Tower, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7 (3):
249. —Rice, 1937. Abs. Ph. D. Diss., Ohio St. Univ., pp. 267-278. —Flanders, 1939. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 32 (6): 890. —Flanders, 1944. Science 100 (2591): 168. —Flanders, 1944. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 37 (1): 105. —
DeBach, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46 (6): 1103. -Clausen, 1956. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 124. —Flanders, 1956. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol.
33: 23. — Chumakova, 1957. Zool. Zhur. 36 (4): 534. —Benassy and Bianchi, 1960.
Entomophaga 5 (2): 168. —Flanders, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53 (5): 757. Popova, 1962. —
Biol. Control Agr. Pests and Diseases 1: 147-176. —Chumakova and Goryunova, 1963. Ent.
Rev. 42 (2): 178-181. -Sorokina, 1971. Ent. Rev. 50 (3): 311, 315, 316. -Huffaker, 1971.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 909
Biol. Control, pp. 74-75, 181, 186. -DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., pp. 179,
180, 181.
Prospaltella quercicola Howard, 1908. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 1 (4): 282, 284. 9.
Tribe ERIAPORINI
compere! Ashmead. Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host: Parasaissetia nigra (Nietn.).
Myiocnema Comperei Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32 (11): 349. 9.
Tribe PTEROPTRICINI
Taxonomy: Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 16. —
Mercet, 1931. Eos 7
(4):395-399. -Dozier, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 34 (7): 112-118. —Compere, 1936. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (12): 316-321.
—
Tachikawa, 1962. Shikoku Ent. Soc, Trans. 7 (3): 73.
— Yoshimoto, 1965. Pacific Insects 7 (4): 690-691. —
Gerling, 1969. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici,
Bol. 27: 79-87. -Gerling, 1970. So. Africa Ent. Soc, Jour. 33 (2): 325-329. Hayat, 1972. —
Entomophaga 17 (1): 99-106. —Gerling, 1972. Ent. Ber. 32 (8): 156-161.
Biology: DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., pp. 140-143, 167, 202.
californicus Howard. Calif. Host: Aleyrodes sp. on Quercus agrifolia.
Eretmocerus californicus Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 16-17. 6,
9.
910 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 1: 16.
haldemani Howard. Fla. w. to Calif., 111. Host: Aleyrodes spp. on Ambrosia, Erigonuvi,
Hardenbergia, Quercus, and Solidago; Aleiiroplatus coronatus (Quaint), Aleurothrixus
floccosus (Mask.), Trialeurodes abutilonea (Hald.), T. vaporariormn (Westw.).
Eretmocerus haldemani Howard, 1908, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 10 (1-2): 65.
Biology:Watson and Berger, 1932. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Bui. 67: 56-57. —Watson and
Berger, 1937. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Bui. 88: 53-55.
—
Dysart, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 59 (1): 28-33. —
Gerling, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60 (6): 1306-1321.
illinoisensis Dozier. 111.
Eretmocerus illinoisensis Dozier, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34 (7): 115. 6.
Subfamily SIGNIPHORINAE
The names Signiphoridae and Thysanidae have been used interchangeably. Thysanus Walker
isolder (1840) and Thysanidae was used in the 1951 edition of the catalog. Signiphorinae is used
here because it is the commonly used name. Signiphora Ashmead and Thysanus have been
synonymized. However, Rozanov (1965) and others have shown that the genera are distinct. The
Signiphorinae were characterized by Howard (1894).
De Santis (1968) divided the Signiphoridae into the Signiphorinae and Thysaninae. His sub-
famiUes have been retained as tribes.
Tribe SIGNIPHORINI
Signiphora consists of about 20 species which are parasites of armored scale insects and
whiteflies.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 189-233. —Mercet, 1916. Soc. Espan. de
Hist. Nat, Bol. 16: 519-533. — Malenotti, 1918. Redia 13 (1): 39-45. -Nikol'skaya, 1950.
Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR 75 (2): 319-321. -Ferriere, 1953. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 26
(1): 5. -Rozanov, 1965. Ent. Rev. 44 (4): 508-515. -De Santis, 1973. Univ. Fac. Agron.,
Rev. La Plata 49 (2): 143-153.
aleyrodis Ashmead. Pa., Tex., Calif. Host: Aleuroplatus coronatus (Quaint.), Chrysomphalus
ao)iidHi)i (L.), C. dictyospenui (Morgan).
Signiphora aleyrodis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 409, 412. 9.
aspidioti Ashmead. Ga.
Signiphora aspidioti Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 410, 412. 9.
borinquensis Quezada, DeBach and Rosen. Calif. Introduced, possibly established. Host:
Aspidiotus destructor Sign., Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche).
Signiphora borinquensis Quezada, DeBach and Rosen, 1973. Hilgardia 41 (18): 549-552. 6,
9.
Biology: Muma, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (4): 577-587. —Hughes, 1960. Fla. Ent. 43 (2): 90.
louisianae (Dozier). Fla. w. to La. Host: Hemiberlasia lataniae Sign.
Thysanus louisianae Dozier, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35 (6): 100. 6.
merceti Malenotti. La., Calif. Host: Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), Hemiberlesia
lataniae (Sign.), H. rapax (Comst.).
Signiphora merceti Malenotti, 1917 (1916). Redia 12 (1-2): 181-182. 9.
Taxonomy: Malenotti, 1916. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 16: 529.
Tribe THYSANINI
Genus CHARTOCERUS Motschulsky
Chartocerus Motschulsky, 1859. Etudes Ent. 8: 171-172.
Type-species: Chartocerus musciformis Motschulsky. Monotypic.
Signiphora subg. Matritia Mercet, 1916. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 16: 523.
Type-species: Signiphorina conjugal is Mercet. Orig. desig. Boucek (in Peck et al.,
1964) synonymized Xana with Matritia.
Xana Kurdjumov, 1917 (1916). Jour. Appl. Ent. 1 (1): 80-81.
Type-species: Xana nigra Kurjumov. Monotypic. Junior secondary homonym of
Signiphora nigra Ashmead, 1900. I have not seen the type-specimen of
Chartocerus {Xa)ia) niger (Kurdjumov). If the synonymy of Rozanov (1965) is
correct, a replacement name for Kurdjumov's species must be proposed.
Signiphorina Nikol'skaya, 1950. Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR 75 (2): 321.
Type-species. Signiphorina mala Nikol'skaya. Monotypic.
Chartocerus contains about 10 species that parasitize various Homoptera and Diptera.
dactylopii (Ashmead). Tex. w. to Calif. Host: Phenacoccus solenopsis Tins., Leiicopis sp.
predaceous on Phenacoccus gossypii Towns, and Ckll., Pseiidococcus ephedrae (Coq.).
Signiphora dactylopii Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 410. 9.
elongatus (Girault). N. J. s. to Ga., w. to S. Dak., Calif. Host: Coccus hesperiduvi L.,
Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuw.), coccid on Muhlenhergia, Acerophagus notativentris
Achrysopophagus modestus Timb., Anagyrus yuccae (Coq.), Clausenia purpurea
(Gir.),
Pseudleptontastix squamnnilata Gir., Tetrastichus minutus (How.), Zarhopalus
(Ishii),
corvinus Gir.
Neosigniphora elongata Girault, 1916. Psyche 23 (2): 41-42. 9.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 246-248. Novitzky, 1954. Univ. —
Milano Bol. di Zool. Agr. e Bach. 20: 207. —
Ferriere, 1957. Opusc. Zool. 10: 6.
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 257-266, 281-284. —Clancy, 1944. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 37 (3): 451.
fasciatus (Girualt). Tex. w. to Calif. Host: Coccus viridus Green, Melanaspis lilacina (Ckll.),
Parasaissetia nigra (Nietn.).
Signiphora fasciata Girault, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 206, 219-220, 221, 229. S, 9.
Biology: Arnaud, 1959. Ent. News 70 (6): 163 (primary parasite).
mexicanus (Ashmead). Host: Aspidiotus hederae (Vallot).
Calif.
Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 242, 245, 332-334.
Biology: Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (3): 296. —Clancy, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent.
37 (3): 451.
Species of Thysanus are hyperparasites of armored scale insects. Two species are known.
Subfamily TETRACNEMINAE
Tribe ANAGYRINI
Genus ANAGYRUS Howard
Anagyriia Howard. 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 18: 638-639.
Anagynis is distributed throughout the world; its species are parasites of mealybugs.
Biology: Riherd, 1950. Fla. Ent. 33 (1): 18-22. -Riherd, 1951. Jour. Econ. Ent. 44 (4): 622-623.
-Clausen. 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.. Tech. Bui. 1139, pp. 4. 61. 75. -Questel and Genung.
1957. Fla. Ent. 40 (4): 123-125. -Dean and Schuster, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51 (3): 363-365.
-Dean, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53 (4): 694. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 228. 229.
— DeBach. 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., p. 169.
clauseni Timberlake. Calif. Host: Pneudococcus maritijnus (Ehrh.).
Anagyrus clauneni Timberlake, 1924. Calif. Univ.. Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 226-228. 9.
fusciventris (Girault). Calif. Host: Pseudococcus longispinus (Targ.-Tozz.).
Epidinocarsi.s fuNciventris Girault. 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 144. 9.
Anagyrus nigriconiis Timberlake, 1919. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 4 (1): 197-199. S, 9.
Biology: Flanders, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33 (5): 757-758. —Flanders, 1940. Calif. Citrog. 25
(5): 146, 154-155. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.. Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 75.
graminicolens Dozier. Tex. Host: Antonia graniinis (Mask.). This may be a synonym of
Cerchysius pulchricomis Howard, 1894.
Anagyrus graminicolens Dozier, 1937. Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agr. 21 (2): 123. 9.
nigritus (Howard). Calif.
Aphycus nigritus Howard. 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus.. Proc. 21: 241, 243. 9.
Ashmead. N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Tex.
pallidipes
Anagyrus pallidipes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 354. 6 .
Biology: Flanders, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32 (6): 889. —Flanders, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46
(2): 268.
—Bartlett and Lloyd, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51 (1): 92-93.
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 45, 57-59.
smithi Doutt. Calif. Host: Spilococcus implicatus Ferris.
Anagyrus smithi Doutt, 1952. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 14 (3): 401-402. S, 9.
thyridopterygis (Ashmead). N. J. s. to Fla. Host: Thyridopteryx epkemeraefomiis (Haw.)?
Host is probably an associated coccid.
Dinocarsis thyridopterygis Ashmead, 1886. Canad. Ent. 18 (5): 97. 9.
914 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 256-266, 274-276. -Maple, 1947. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 55-59.
Leptoviaxtidea Mercet, 1916. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 16: 112.
Type-species: Leptomastidea aurantiaca Mercet. Monotypic.
Tanaouiastix Timberlake, 1918. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1 (8): 362-364.
Type-species: Paraleptomaatix abnorniis Girault. Orig. desig.
Less than fifteen species of Lepfo))ia,stidea are known. All are thought to be primary internal
parasites of mealybugs.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25 (3): 59. —Mercet, 1924. Soc Espan.
de Hist. Nat., Bol. 24: 252-258. —Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, pp. 7,
15-18, 27, 56, 64, 76, 107-114, 243. -Risbec, 1952. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. E, Ent.
2: 5, 10-15. -Ferriere, 1953. Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 26 (1): 17. —
Trjaptizin, 1965. Ent.
Rev. 44 (4): 517-518.
abnormis (Girault). s. to Fla., w. to La., Calif. Host: Plienacoccus gossypii Tnsd. and
Que. Ckll.,
Plonococciis P. kraiiiihiae (Kuw.).
citri (Risso),
Biology: Smith, 1917. Jour. Econ. Ent. 10 (2): 262-268. — Armitage, 1920. Calif. Dept. Agr.,
Monthly Bui. 9: 446. -Compere and Smith, 1932. Hilgardia 6 (17): 610-611. — McLeod, 1940
(1939). Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rept. 70: 65-66. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2):
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 915
91-93. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 109. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol.
Control, p. 196.
Lf'i)toiii(i.stix Foerster. 1856. Hym. Stud. v. 2, pp. 34, 37. No species included.
Type-species: Lcptomantix liintvio Mayr. Subsequent monotypy.
Sterrhocoiiia Foerster, 1856. Stud., v. 2, pp. 33, 36, 37.
Hym.
Type-species: Slcrrhui-oiiia histriu Foerster. Monotypic.
Stciiotcnis Thomson, 1876 (1875). Hym. Scand., v. 4, pp. 115, 128.
Type-species: Stotofcnis orbitalis Thomson. Monotypic.
Culoceriiiclla Girault, 1913. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 11: 46.
Type-species: Caloci'iiiiella trifaxciafa Girault. Monotypic.
This rather large genus of internal parasites of pseudoccoids is poorly represented in North
America.
Ta.xonomv: Ruschka, (1922). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 72 (2): 12. —Compere, 1938.
Bui. Eiit. Res. 29 (3): 323-325. -Compere, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30 (1): 24. —Compere, 1939.
Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (4): 57-58. -Kryger, 1950. Ent. Meddel. 26 (2): 107-108. -Risbec,
1952. Mem. In.st. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. E,'Ent. 2: 15-19. -Trjapitzin, 1965. Ent. Rev. 44
(4): 518-520. -Graham, 19(J9. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (1): 216-219.
dactylopii Howard. Que. to La., Calif., Wash. Host: Pheiutcoccus gosstjpii Tnsd. and Ckll., P.
s.
Biology: Flanders, 1939. /// Compere, Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (4): 58. —Watson, 1939.
Citrus Grower (Fla.) 1 (17): 11. -Bess, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32 (1): 202-206.
— McLeod, 1940 (1939). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rept. 70: 65-66. Clancey, 1944. Jour.
—
Econ. Ent. 37 (3): 450. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 115. -Huffaker, 1971.
Biol. Control, p. 195. See Peck (1963) for an extensive bibliography of this species.
Ta.xonomy: Timberlake, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25 (3): 60. -Timberlake, 1924. Calif.
PHendleptoniaatix squanniinlatiis Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8 (3): 272. 9.
ParaleptoiHdstrix uotatiis Girault, 1917. Entomologist 50: 38. 9.
PNeudlepto)iia.stixflatuleiiC(')i.s Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (1): 22-24. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 232-235. —Compere, 1947. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 17.
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 257-266. -Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 277-279. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 112-113.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1928. Eos 4 (1): 5-7. — Hoffer, 1955. Acta Mus. Nat. Pragae 11 (1): 17-22.
-Ghesquiere, 1956. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 683-692.
— Ghesquiere, 1957.
Neotropica 3 (10): 17-22.
— Ting-hsi, 1961. Ent. Rev. 40 (1): 72-74. — De Santis, 1965. Com.
Invest. Cient. Prov. Buenos Aires, An. 4: 53-56. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2):
220-224.
nigroclavatus (Ashmead). Va. w. to Nebr., S. Dak. Host: Coccid on Panicuvi sp., Pseudaonidia
sp. on P. xalapciisc.
XanthociiciirtKx ni(jroclaratuN Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34 (11): 302. 9.
Tribe CHRYSOPLATYCERINI
Genus CHRYSOPLATYCERUS Ashmead
Rilcfia Howard, 1888. In Smith, Ent. Amer. 4 (4): 80. Preocc by Jiileya Ashmead, 1888.
Type-species: Rilei/a splciidciis Howard. Monotypic.
ClniiKoplatiiccrKs Ashmead, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21 (1): 38. N. name.
This small genus consists of fewer than five described species. The species of
Clirt/soplatifccnis are parasites of pseudococcids and thus may be of some importance in biologi-
cal control.
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 256-266, 279. -Clancy, 1944. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 37 (3): 450. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 115. See Peck (1963)
for an extensive bibliography of this species.
Tribe ERICYDNINI
Genus CLAUSENIA Ishii
CUiKsenia Japan Dept. Agr. and Com., Imp. Plant Quar. Sta. Bui. 3: 98-100.
Ishii, 1923.
cal control of the Comstock mealybug in the United States and Canada.
Ta.xonomy: Rosen, 1965. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 34 (5-6): 61-64. -Kerrich, 1967.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 181-188. —
Annecke and Mynhardt, 1970. Ent. Soc.
So. Africa, Jour. 33 (1): 42-47.
Morphology: Flanders, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 35 (3): 252, 262.
Tribe PAURIDIINI
Tribe RHINOENCYRTINI
Genus RHINOENCYRTUS Mercet
Rhiuoi'ucyrtHs Mercet, 1918. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 18 (3-4): 234-235.
Type-species: Rhitioeiicyrtus uialenoiti Mercet. Monotypic.
An unidentified species is found in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1937. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 9 (3): 383-404. — Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 195-225.
i)(nili>itii.s Compere, 1937. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 9 (3): 383-385, 401-403. 6, 9.
Aettasiux
personatus Kerrich. Fla. Ecology: On Hibiscus tiliacens.
Acitdsiiis pcisoiialns Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 198, 200, 221.
9.
Closely related to AcHasins but considerably smaller, Chalcaspis seems to have adapted itself
to more xeric conditions than Aoia.sins. Clidlcaspis consists of less than 10 species which are
also mealybug parasites.
Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 191-195.
arizonensis Girault. Ariz. Idaho, Mo., Wash., Calif. Host: Phenacoccus soleuopsis Tinsley.
Chalcaspis arizonensis Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 8 (3): 280. 9.
pergandei Howard. Mass., s. to D. C, S. Dak. s. to Tex.
Chalcaspis pergandei Howard, 1895. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 17: 606. 9.
phenacocci (Ashmead). Md. s. to Fla., w. to Iowa, Idaho, N. Mex., w. Calif.
Blepijrus phenacocci Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34 (11): 301. c^, 9.
Tribe TETRACNEMINI
Genus CALOCERINUS Howard
Caloceriniis Howard, 1892. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 15: 362, 368.
Type-species: Tetracneiiins poridanus Ashmead. Monotypic.
floridanus (Ashmead). Fla.
Tetranctn Hs(\) floridanns Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xviii. 6.
Tax'onomy: Erdos, 1955. Acta Zool. (Budapest) 1 (3-4): 216-218. -Hoffer, 1959. Mus. Nat.
Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 13-15. -Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent.
6: 101-102.
—Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 147, 154-166. —Tachikawa and
Valentine, 1971. Shikoku Ent. Soc, Trans. 11(1): 21-30. -Tachikawa, 1974. Shikoku Ent.
Soc, Tran.s. 12 (1-2): 23-31.
peregrinus (Compere). Calif. Introduced. Host: P-seiulococciiN calceolariae (Mask.), P.
loiK/inpiiius (Targ.-Tozz.), P. )ii(n-iti)iiits (Ehrh.).
Tetntcnoinis pcregiiiiKs Compere, 1939. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (4): 59-61. 6, 9.
Biology: Flanders, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33 (5): 757. —Flanders, 1944. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 37
(2): 308-309. -DeBach, 1949. Ecology 30 (1): 16-24. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech.
Bui. 1139, p. 130.
Biology: Compere and Smith, 1932. Hilgardia 6 (17): 585, 601-605, 609-617. -Quayle, 1932.
Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 542: 51.-Clancy, 1934. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 6 (8): 231-248.
-Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 114-115. -DeBach, 1949. Ecology 30 (1):
l()-24. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 130. —
Bartlett and Lloyd,
1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51 (1): 92. —DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., p. 138.
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1955 Acta Zool. (Budapest) 1 (3-4): 221-229. —Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat.
Bui. 20
Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 101-102. —Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent,
(5): 149.
Biology: Compere and Flanders, 1934. Jour. Econ. Ent. 27 (5): 966-973. —Flanders, 1940.
Calif. Citrog. 25 (5): 146, 154-155. —Clancy, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37 (3): 450. -Maple,
1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 59-60. -DeBach, 1949. Ecology 30 (1): 16-25. -Clausen,
1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, pp. 75, 130. -Flanders, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52
(1): 75.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 13, 14, 15.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1958 (1957). Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 52 (4): 124-125. —Richards, 1958.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 27 (3-4): 61. —Kerrich, 1964. Entomophaga 9 (1): 75-77.
Biology: Dean, Schuster and Bailey, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54 (5): 953.
— Beardsley, 1961.
Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 17 (3): 327. —Kerrich, 1964. Entomophaga 9 (1): 75. —DeBach,
1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem., p. 168-169.
Gibbeiclla >icutellat(, Miller, 1961. Canad. Ent. 98 (6): 495, 496. cJ, 9.
Biology: Fitzgerald and Simeone, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (4): 774-777 (polyembryony).
Subfamily ENCYRTINAE
Tribe APHYCINI
Genus ACEROPHAGUS Smith
Ta.xonomy: Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 574-579. -Timberlake, 1918. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 1 (8): 347-351. -Rosen, 1969. Hilgardia 40 (2): 41-72.
antennalis Rosen. Calif. Host: Dt/.sinicoccii.s ri/aiii (Coq.).
AccrophiifjHs (uitcnialis Rosen, 1969. Hilgardia 40 (2): 42, 43, 44, 45, 50-52. 6, 9.
californicus Rosen. Calif. Host: Spilocuccus pirssus Ferris.
AccroplKujKs califoniicHs Rosen, 1969. Hilgardia 40 (2): 43, 45, 68-69. 9.
citrinus (Howard). Calif., Nev. Host: Quad raspid lot ns peynicioHiin (Comst.)?, AitlacaapiH
rosae (Bouche).
Rhopoideu^ cilriniis Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 235. 9.
coccois Smith. Mass. s. to N. J., w. to 111., Calif. Host: Pheimcoccu.s acericola King, Pulcinana
i'itis (L.).
Biology: Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rept. for 1880, p. 361.
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 54, 109.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 587-639. —Mercet, 1917. Soc. Espan.
de Hist. Nat., Bol. 77 (2): 128-139. -Mercet, 1925. Eos. 1 (1): 14-18. -Ishii, 1928. Imp. Agr.
Exp. Sta. Japan, Bui. 3 (2): 121-123. —Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 1-13.
-Hoffer, 1955. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 51: 82-94. —
Alam, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 109 (15): 434-438. -Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Africa, Jour. 23 (2):
377, 378.— Trjapitzin, 19(52. Zool. Inst. Leningrad, Trudy 30: 281-286. —Graham, 1969.
Polski Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 224-228.
annulipes (Ashmead). Ont. s. to Fla. Host: Lecaniiim corni Bouche, L. iiigrofasciatuni Perg.,
L. sp. on Quereus nigra.
Coccopliagns annulipes Ashmead, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14 (2): 37. 9.
apicalis (Dalman). Establishment in U. S. questionable.
Enci/rtus apicalis Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 153-154.
Aplificns bnineiin Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 251. Unjustified emendation.
ceroplastis Howard. Fla.?, N. Mex. Host: Ceroplastes floridensis Comst.? C. irregularis Ckll.,
C. sp. on Arteinixia.
Apln/cus ceroplastis Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 18, 31, 41. 9, 6.
cockerelli Howard. N. Me.\. Host: Lecuniiati sp. on osage orange.
Apln/CHs cockerelli Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 243. 9.
hederaceus (Westwood). Establishment in U. S. questionable. Host: Pulviuaria acericola (W.
and R.).
Encyrtus hederaceus Westwood, 1837. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci.
10 (3): 441. 9.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1900. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 22: 23. -Compere, 1957. Portici
R. Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 15: 222. -Graham, 1958. Ent. Tidskr. 79 (3-4): 173. -Graham, 1969.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 224-225.
immaculatus Howard. Calif. Host: Aoiiidielki aurcDitii (Mask.).
AphticHs iiiniiacniutus Howard, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6 (3): 235-236. 6.
Taxonomy: Ruschka, 1923 (1922). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 72 (2): 1-6. —Girault,
1924. Homo Perniciosus and New Hymen. (Private Pub.), p. 4. —
Alam, 1961. Beitr. zur
Ent. 11 (7-8): 807-812. -Sugonyayev, 1965. Ent. Rev. 44 (2): 189-198. —Graham, 1969.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 241-243.
adjutabilis Howard. Va. s. to Fla. Host: LecaiiiioH spp. on Crataegus, Japaneese persimmon
and oak.
Blastothrix adjutabilis Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, pp. 365-366. 9.
incerta Howard. Fla. Host: LecauiiDii sp.? on mesquite, Lecauiuui sp.
Blastothrijc incerta Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 366. i.
Biology: Glendenning, 1931. Brit. Columbia Ent. Soc, Proc. 28 (1): 30-31.
—
Lyne, 1934. Calif.
Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 23: 232. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 67-68.
-Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 271.
sericea (Dalman). Que. s. to Pa., La., B. C. Host: Kermes sp. on ash, Lecaniioii cori/li (L.), L.
nigrofasciatnii/ Perg, Bacclia fascipeiinis Wied.?
Encijrtiis sericeus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 357. 9.
Agr. Portici, Bol. 13: 163-173. —Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, pp.
249-251.
Biology: Glendenning, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65 (8): 169-171. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs.
Ent. 8 (2): 68-69. —Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 318-319.
924 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
argyrocomus Compere. Calif. Host: Eriococcns sp. on croton, asters, and Ericaxieria sp.
ErtithraplnicHs arijyroconnts Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 8, 10-11. 6, 9.
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 84-86, 88.
calvus Compere. Calif.
Erythrai)ln/cit>> calms Compere, 1947. Cahf. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 10, 11-12. 9.
matteolus Compere. CaHf.
Ertiflnaphficus uidttcolus Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 10, 11. 6.
Mefaplniciis Mercet, 1917. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 17 (2): 129, 138-139.
Type-species: Mctaphi/ciis zebratiis Mercet. Monotypic.
As indicated earlier, controversy has e.xisted over the status of Aplit/cits and Mctupln/ciis.
Most encyrtid specialists now believe the genera are distinct and Trjapitzin (1973) has placed
them in separate subtribes of the Aphycini.
Ta.xonomy: Mercet, 1925. Eos 1 (1): 28. —Timberlake, 1926. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 6 (2):
310. -Compere, 1940. Bui. Ent. Res. 31 (1): 7-13, 27. —Gomes, 1941. Esc. Nac. de Agron.
(Rio de Janerio), Bol. 2: 30-34. —Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 2-5. Alam, —
1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 109 (15): 425-426. —Compere, 1958 (1957). Portici Lab.
Ent. Agr., Bol. 15: 221-230. —Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Africa, Jour. 23
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 925
(2): 376-378, 382-385. -Sugonyayev, 1960. Ent. Rev. 39 (2): 235-250. — Trjapitzin, 1967.
Akad. Nauk SSSR Zool. Inst., Trudy 41: 185-186. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39
(2): 229-232. -Annecke and Mynhardt, 1971. Rev. Zool. Bot.
Africaines. 83 (3-4): 322-360.
— Annecke and Mynhardt, 1972. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines. 85 (3-4): 227-274. —Trjapitzin,
1973. Ent. Rev. 52 (2): 287-295.
alberti (Howard). Calif. Host: Coccus hcsperidiDii L.
Aphiicus alhcrti Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241-247. 6, 9.
Ta.xonomy: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 94-95. -Compere, 1958 (1957). Portici
Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 15: 221-230.
Ta.xonomy: Compere and Annecke, 1961. Ent. Soc. So. Africa, Jour. 24 (1): 34. —Annecke and
Mynhardt, 1972. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines. 85 (3-4): 272.
Biology: Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, p. 271.
livsjH'riduiu (L.).
Aplnicus eriococci Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 631-632. 9.
eruptor (Howard). Va. s. to Fla. Host: Ccroi)lastes floricknisis Comst., Ceroplasfes sp.?
Aplu/cus eruptor Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rept. for 1880, p. 364-365. d, 9.
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 115.
flammeus Compere. Calif. Host: Lecatiiutu qnercif'ex Fitch.
Metapin/cus fidwiiieus Compere, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (1): 13. 6, 9.
Aphycus helrolus Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (1): 25-29. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1958 (1957). Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 15: 221-230. —Compere and
Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 375-389. -Annecke, 1964. Rep. So. Afr.
Dept. Agr. Tech. Serv., Ent. Mem. 7: 11-13.
Biology: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 242, 274. -Flanders, 1942.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (5): 690-695. —
Woglum ef al., 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40 (5): 819.
—Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, pp. 80-81. —Flanders, 1959. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 52 (1): 74; 52 (4) 596-599. —
Damaino, 1963. Rev. di Agr. Subtrop. e Trop. 57: 452.
— Huffaker, 1971. Biol Control, pp. 76, 265. —van den Bosch and Messenger, 1973. Biol.
Morphology: Flanders, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 35 (3): 253, 262-265.
howardi (Cockerell). N. Mex. w. to Calif. Host: Eriococcus tiusleyi Ckll., E. sp. on Ericajueria.
johnsoni (Howard). Ont., Que. s. to N. C, w. to 111. Host: Cocciin heapcridiDii L., Keiiiies sp.
LeccDiiittii corni Bouche, L. tiigrofaticiafiDn Perg.
Aplufcus jolnisoui Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241, 244. 9.
kincaidi Timberlake. Wash. Host: LeccniiiDii coryli (L.).
Mefaphtjciis kiucaiill Timberlake, 1929. Pan-Pacific Ent. 6 (1): 43-45. 6, 9.
kingi (Timberlake). Mass., Ohio. Host: Pulci)iaria sp.
Aphi/cKs kiiKji Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 613-614. 9.
lecanii (Howard). Calif. Host: Lecaiiiioii conii Bouche, L. pubesce)in Ehrh., L. quercifex Fitch,
PIniKokeiiiu's insignicold (Craw).
Aphijcux lecanii Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 240, 242. 9 (c^ misdet.).
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 115.
lounsburyi (Howard). Mass., Calif. Host: Sainsetia oleae (OHv.).
Aphticiis lontisbnvtn Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241, 244. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 275-292. — Annecke and
Mynhardt, 1971. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 83 (3-4): 335-338, 355.
Biology: Clausen, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (5): 748. —Flanders, 1942. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
35 (2): 252, 262. —Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (5): 696. —Flanders, 1943. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 36 (6): 922-925. -Flanders, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37 (3): 409. -Maple, 1947.
Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 8 (2): 95, 97-99. -Woglum et al., 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40 (6): 819.
—Clausen, 195(i. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 81. —
Beardsley, 1962. Hawaii. Ent.
Soc, Proc. 18 (1): 16. -DeBach, 1964. Biol. Control Insect Pests and Weeds, pp. 318, 411,
475, 682. -DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by Nat. Enem, pp. 28, 29, 286.
Biology: Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (2): 263. —Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35
(6): 832-833. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 96, 99-100. —Woglum et al.,
1947. Jour. Econ. ent. 40 (6): 819-820. —Flanders, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (1): 74; 52 (4):
596-599. —DeBach, 1964. Biol. Control of Insect Pests and Weeds, pp. 351, 451.
-Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, p. 79.
maculipennis (Timberlake). Mass. Host: Lecaiiiiuii cor)ii Bouche.
Aplnjcus wacnlipennis Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 591, 593-594. S,
9.
Ta.xonomy: Annecke and Mynhardt, 1971. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 83 (3-4): 357.
maculipes (Howard). Ont., Mass. s. to S. C, w. to 111. Host: Coccus liesperidii))/ L., Lecaiiiiun
corni Bouche, L. sp. on Quercus nigra, L. sp.
Aphi/cus maculipes Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 18-19, 31, 41. 6, 9.
mexicanus (Howard). Pa., La. Host: Ceroplastes cirripefliformis Comst.
Apln/cus mexicanus Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241, 247. 9.
oregonensis (Howard). Oreg. Host: Pulciuaria sp. on Oregon flowering currant, P. sp. on
Ribes.
Apln/cus oregonensis Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241, 246. 9 (d misdet.).
physokermis (Timberlake). Calif. Host: Plnjsokermes insiguicola (Craw).
Apliijcus plu/sokermis Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 591, 606-607. 6,9.
Taxonomy: Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 385. —Annecke and
Mynhardt, 1972. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 85 (3-4): 270-271.
psyllidis Compere. Calif. Host: Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc).
Metaplnjcus psgllidis Compere, 1943. Pan-Pacific Ent. 19 (2): 71-73. 6,9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 927
Taxonomy: Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 385. — Annecke and
Mynhardt, 1972. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 85 (3-4): 271.
Eiicjirtits p/iiictipi's Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 154.
rileyi (Timberlake). Ont. s. N. Y., w. to Mo., Te.x. Host: Lecaniioii conii Bouche, Lcccuuioii
sp.
on Japaneese persimmon.
Aphtjcus rilciil Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589-591, 600-(301. 6, 9.
schwarzi (Timberlake). Ariz.
Aplttjcus xchwarzi Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 599. 9.
similis (Timberlake). Te.\. Host: Lecaiiinni sp. on Japaneese persimmon.
Aplificiis .SV////7/.S Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 605-606. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Compere. 1940. Hilgardia 13 (7): 417-419. —Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent.
Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 385. —Annecke and Mynhardt, 1972. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines
85 (3-4): 2(52-265.
stomachosus (Girault). Mass. s. to Va., w. to 111. Host: LccaniiuH nigrofasciatuiu Perg.
Apln/cns stoiiHicliosiis Girault, 1909. Psyche 16 (4): 77-79. S, 9.
subfasciatus (Timberlake). Kans. Host: Lecanluni corni Bouche.
Aphycm subfasciatn.s Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 589, 591, 601-602. 6, 9.
Genus PSEUDAPHYCUS Clausen
PNetidaphjiciis Clausen, 1915. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 258: 41.
Type-species: Pfieitdapliyciis angelicii.s Howard. Monotypic.
Brethes, 1916. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 27: 424.
Ptiilo}iiiri)iu.s
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 50: 569-574. — Mercet, 1925. Eos 1 (1):
10-14. -Ferriere, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28 (2): 316-317. -Gahan, 1946. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 96: 311-327. -De Santis, 1947. Soc. Ent. Argentina Rev. 13 (1-5): 281-287. -Hoffer,
1954. Acta. Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 51: 81, 102-103. —Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So.
Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 377, 379. —Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 94-97.
abstrusus Gahan. Va. Host: Psciidococciis coiiinfocki (Kuw.).
PscKdapln/ciis ahslnisiis Gahan, 1946. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 313, 316-317. 6, 9.
alveolatifrons Gahan. N. J. Host: P.scnilococcus conistoclxi (Kuw.).
Pscudapln/cua alceolatifrons Gahan, 1946. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 314, 326-327. c?, 9.
angelicus (Howard). Que., Calif. Host: Di/sniicoccus rt/ani (Coq.), Pheuacoccns gossijpii Tns.
and Ckll., PsckcIococcks calccolariae (Mask.), P. longisphuis (Targ.-Tozz.), P. inarititmiN
(Ehrh.), P. sp. on Arfciiiisia califoniica, P. sp. on passion flowers.
Aplujciix angclicns Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 241, 245. 9.
Taxonomy: Hoffer, 1955. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 51: 109-111. —Compere and Annecke, 1960.
Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 381. —Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6:
98.
Biology: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 109, 114.
The only species of this genus was imported from Europe in attempts to control the Rhodes
control of this pest is achieved by another
grass scale, Antoniua g raw in is (Maskell). Biological
parasite, Neo(lits»ietia saugwani (Subba Rao), but T. eiiropeaea (Mercet) has become
established.
Taxonomy: Compere and Annecke, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 377, 878. -Hoffer,
1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 98.
Tribe ARRHENOPHAGINI
Genus ARRHENOPHAGUS Aurivillius
Biology: Benassy, 1958. (Paris) Acad. Sci. Compt. Rend. 246 (1): 179-181. — Zak-Ogaza, 1961.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 31 (26): 356.
Tribe BOTHRIOTHORACINI
Genus BOTHRIOTHORAX Ratzeburg
This Holarctic genus consists of about 15 species that are parasites of syrphid flies.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1895. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 17: 607-611. —Graham, 1958. Ent. Tidskr.
79 (3-4): 161-165. -Kerrich, 1963. Beitr. zur Ent. 13 (3-4): 364. -Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad
Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst., Trudy 41: 209-212.
16 (4): 19, 99, 100. -Graves, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Biology: Heiss, 1938. 111. Biol. Monog.
Ann. 53 (1): 74.
930 Hymenoptera in America Nortii of Mexico
californicus Howard. Calif. Host: Scaeva pyrantri (L.), Si/rpliufi nHe)tn Zett., S. opinator 0. S.
Botln-iothonu- califoniicus Howard, 1895. U. S. Natl.'Mus., Proc. 17: 607, 609-610. 9.
Biology: Kamal, 1939. Egypt Min. Agr. Tech. and Sci. Serv. Ent. Sect., Bui. 207: 33, 46, 48.
macroglenes Ashmead. Kans.
Botlniothonix iiiacrogleue.s Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: app. p. V. 9.
nigripes Howard. N. Mex., Calif. Host: Eupeodea cohicria 0. S.
Botln-iotliomx nkjripes Howard, 1895. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 17: 607, 610. 9.
Biology: Kamal, 1939. Egypt Min. Agr. Tech. and Sci. Serv. Ent. Sect., Bui. 207: 33, 46, 48.
-Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 70-71.
noveboracensis Howard. N. H. s. to N. J.
Bothnothomx nofeboracen.'^is Howard, 1895. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 17: 607, 609. 9.
Trjapitzinellus Viggiani, 1967. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 25: 166-167.
Type-species: TrjapitziuelluH seiiiidalipliagus Viggiani. Orig. desig.
This genus consists of two species, one from Italy and one from California. Both are lar-
val-pupal parasites of Coniopterygidae.
Aratus Howard, 1897. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 26: 155-156. Preocc. by Aratus
Milne-Edwards, 1853.
Zeteticoutus Silvestri, 1915. Portici Lab. Zool, Bol. 9: 343-344.
Type-species: Zeteticontus abilis Silvestri. Orig. desig.
Mirreuci/rtus Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 115.
insularis (Howard). Fla. Host: Aiiastrepha ludeus (Loew). Kerrich examined the holotype of
H. insularis and considered it to be an Aratus (=Zeteticontus). This is interesting
because insularis is a fly parasite whereas all other species oi Zeteticontus parasitize
nitidulids.
Bothrlothora.v insularis Howard, 1896. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 26: 147. 6, 9.
Tribe CERAPTEROCERINI
Genus AMMONOENCYRTUS De Santis
Taxonomy: Annecke, 1967. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 119 (4): 101, 159-160.
californicus (Compere). Calif. Host: Primary parasite of Coccus hesperidum L., Saissetia
olcdc (Oliv.), C('iui)lastcx cirriix-difoniiis Comst., Mefaplii/ciiK loioisbHri/i (Howard).
Eusemion californicum Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (3): 296, 304-306. 6,9.
Biology: Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (3): 306-308. —Smith, 1933. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 26 (3): 525-528. -Flanders, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33 (2): 252.
-Flanders, 1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36 (6): 923-924. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8
(2): 89-90.
This small genus consists of only a few species which are parasitic on mealybugs.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 5 (3): 432. — Agarwal, 1963. Ztschr. i.
Enseniio)! is a smallgenus consisting of less than five species as the genus is understood by
Annecke (1967). These insects are hyperparasitic on primary parasites of soft scales.
Taxonomy: Compere, 1925. CaUf. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (3): 303-308. —Compere, 1938. Bui. Ent.
Res. 29 (3): 319-320. -Ferriere, 1949. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 22 (4): 383. —Annecke,
1967. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 119 (4): 100, 103-104.
longipennis (Ashmead). Fla., Calif. Host: Mi'taphi/CHs flarus (Howard), Microferys flams
(Howard) on Lecuiiiuni sp.
Mira lotu/ipcniiix Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4 (1): 17. 9.
Tribe CHALCERINYINI
Genus ECHTHROGONATOPUS Perkins
Echthrogouafopiis Perkins, 1906. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent., Bui.
1 (8): 256.
Type-species: Eclifhrogoiiatopiis cxiiiosits Perkins. Desig. by Girault, 1915.
This is a small genus, consisting of fewer than five species. They are parasites of dryinids, but
the North American species was reported to have been recovered from a mealybug. An undeter-
mined species occurs in Florida on Dijsniicoccit.s patidae (Rao).
Taxonomy: Girault, 1922. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 10 (7-9): 150. —Girault, 1934. New
Capsidae and Hymen. (Priv. pub., no page number.)
Helegoiiafopiia Perkins, 1906. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. E.xpt. Sta., Div. Ent., Bui. 1
(8): 257.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1918. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 4 (1): 185. —Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (3): 432. —Williams, 1931. Handb. Ins. and Other Invert, of Hawaii.
Sugar Cane Fids., p. 255.
pseudophanes Perkins. Fla., Ohio, Ky. Host: Gonatopus sp., ex. dryinid on A)iiblijsellits cnrtiNi.
Hclcgoiiutopus pscitclophom's Perkins, 1906. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta.,
Div. Ent., Bui. 1 (8): 258. 9.
Tribe CHEILONEURINI
Genus APTERENCYRTUS Ashmead
Aptcroictjrtns Ashmead, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37 (1): 5.
Type-species: Aptere)icgrti(s piilcliriconus Ashmead. Monotypic The type-species is
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 109 (15): 423, 438-441. -Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad. Nauk SSSR Zool.
Inst., Trudy 41: 213-214. -Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 270-271.
Biology: Griswold, 1925. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 93: 44-47.
Taxonomy: Hoffer, 1957. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Ent. 31 (486): 220.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7 (3): 247-248. —Ruschka, 1923. Zool.-Bot.
Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 72 (1): 6-10. -Compere, 1931. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 5 (11): 233.
—Compere, 1938. Bui. Ent. Res. 29 (3): 327-328. —
Geyer, 1947. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 10
(1): 98. —Alam, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 109 (15): 423, 441-444. —Hoffer, 1957.
Acta Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 54 (4): 339-348. — Claridge, 1958. Ent. Monthly Mag. (4th. Ser.) 94
(1130): 156-161. —Trjapitzin, 1964. Zool. Zhur. 43 (10): 1463-1465. —Graham, 1969. Polskie
Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 273-275.
albicornis Howard. Ont. s. to S. C, w. to La., n. to Wis., Colo. Host: Kerinen sp. on oak,
Lecaiiiuiii carijac Fitch, L. conii Bouche, L.fletcheri Ckll., L. iiigrofasciattDii Perg.,
934 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
PhyHokeriiiefi piceae (Schr.), Pitlviiiaria acericola (W. and R.), P- vitis (L.), P. sp. on
poison ivy.
CliiloneHrus albiconiis Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Kept, for 1880, pp. 363-364.
9.
Ta.xonomy: Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9 (3): 300-301 (male, female).
cupreicollis Ashmead. Fla. Host: Lecutiiuin sp. on oak.
Cliiloiieurus cupreicollis Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 131. 9.
cushmani Crawford. Va. Host: Keniies sp.
Chciloncnnis ciishniani Crawford, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13 (2): 126. 6, 9.
dubius Howard. Mass. w. to Wis., Mo. Host: Keniies sp., LecaniiDii sp. from dwarf mountain
pine, L. sp. from Scotch pine.
ChiloHennis dubius Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 17, 42. 6.
elegans (Dalman). N. Y. s. to Pa., Va. Host: Maycfiola destructor (Say), Platygaster zosine
Wall<.
Euct/rtus elcyatis Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 151. 9.
Biology: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 174: 60-64. —Hill et «/., 1939. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 5, 12.
—
Ferriere, 1952. Ninth Internat. Cong. Ent. Amsterdam,
Trans, v. 1, p. 594.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1956. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 354.
Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 5-6, 11-13.
inimicus Compere. Fla. w. to Calif. Host: Metophycus loniisburyi (How.), M. physokermis
(Timb.).
Cheiloiieurns iuiuiicus Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (3): 296, 197-302. 6, 9.
Biology: McCoy and Selheim, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63 (2): 618. —Compere, 1925. Calif.
Univ., Pubs Ent. 3 (3): 301-302.
lineascapus Gahan. Md., La., CaHf. Host: Kennes sp. on lilac, K. sp. on oak, Saissefia oleae
(Oliv.), Metaplii/cux louiisbun/i (How.).
CIteiloneurus lineascapus Gahan, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42 (6): 207-208. 9.
Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. CaHf. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (9): 242, 272-274.
Biologv: Flanders, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33 (2): 252. Lepelly, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28
—
(2): 181-183. -Weseloh, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62 (2): 299-305. -Weseloh, 1971. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann., 64 (3): 580-586. -Weseloh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (6): 1188-1190.
—Weseloh, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65 (1): 41-46. —Weseloh and Bartlett, 1971. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (6): 1259-1264.
pulvinariae Dozier. D. C. s. to Fla. Host: Metapliycus flarus (How.) parasitic on Pulrinaria sp.
Cheiloueurus pulciiiariae Dozier, 1927 (1925). Puerto Rico Dept. Agr., Jour. 9 (4): 363-365.
6, 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 935
259-260.
Type-species: SaroHotit))! aiistraliae Perkins. Desig. by Gahan and Pagan, 1923.
Biology: Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (13): 432-440. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 72. -Muma, 1959. Fla. Ent. 42 (4): 150-152.
flaccus (Walker). N. C. s. to Fla., Ohio, Calif. Host: Dryinid.
EucyrtHs (CevchyHiiis) Flaccii.s Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 (130): 21. 9.
SaraiiotuiH aiiiciiccniinn Perkins, 1906. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div.
Ent., Bui. 1 (8): 260.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 147-148.
kansensis Girault. Kans.
Clirysopuphagiis koHsoisis Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 447. 9.
Dirersiiwrrus Silvestri, 1915. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 9: 301-304.
Type-species: DircrsinerciiN elegans Silvestri. Orig. desig.
Chciloiieuroides Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 96, 122.
Diccrsiiwrritu is predominantly an African genus consisting of fewer than ten species which
parasitize lecaniine scale insects.
Ta.xonomy: Girault, 1917. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 5: 37. —Compere, 1931. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 5 (11): 233-235. —Compere, 1940. Hilgardia 13 (7): 407. —
Trjapitzin, 1961. Ent.
Rev. 40 (3): 369.
elegans Silvestri. Calif. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Dicerxinerriis elvgan>f Silvestri, 1915. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. Gen. e Agr., Bol.
9: 304-305. d, 9.
Cheiloneiiroides bicristafiis Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 96-97.
Dirersiiwrnis iiieridionalis Compere, 1931. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 5 (11): 237-239. 6, 9.
Biology: Compere, 1931. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 5 (11): 241-245, 249.
936 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
americanus (Girault). D. C.
Achriisopophdgns iiiin'ricaiiKs Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 16. 9.
dactylopii (Howard). D. C, N. Mex., Minn. Host: Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Planococcus
cifri (Risso).
CliiloHciirux (lactt/lopii Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent, Bui. 5: 17, 42. 6, 9.
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 257-266, 284-286. -Maple, 1947. Calif.
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 55.
Taxonomy: Viggiani, 1966. Doriana 4 (168): 1-5. —Mercet, 1932. Eos 8 (3): 311-316.
armatus (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Aiioblitiii piitictatnni (DeG.).
Pluu'iiodiscits <trn/(itns Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4 (1): 17. 9.
Tyndarichus has less than 10 described species some of which are apparently hyperparasitic
on other chalcidoids that attack Lepidoptera eggs. An undetermined species is found from Wis. w.
to Mont., s. to Nebr., Fla., Calif.
Bui. Ent. Res. 50 (4): 669-670. —Paine, 1964. So. Pacific Comm. Tech. Paper 145: 40.
Tribe COMPERIINI
Genus COMPERIA Gomes
CoiiiperidGomes, 1942 (1941). Esc. Nac. Agron. Rio de Janerio, Bol. 2 (1): 41-42.
Type-species: Dicaniosin merceti Compere. Orig. desig.
This genus consists of fewer than five described species and presumably has its origin in
Africa.One species parasitizes cockroach oothecae.
Taxonomy: Annecke, 1969. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 32 (2): 447.
merceti (Compere). Cosmopolitan. Host: Siipclhi loiigipalpa (Serville).
Dicarnnsis tiH'ircti Compere, 1938. Bui. Ent. Res. 29 (3): 317-319. 9.
Coiiipoiu nwrceti var. fiilsicoDiix Gomes, 1942 (1941). Esc. Nac. Agron. Rio de Janeiro,
Bol. 2(1): 43-44. d. 9.
Biology: Lawson, 1954. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27 (4): 128-142. — Gordh, 1973. Jour. Ent. (A) 47
(2): 115-123.
Tribe COPIDOSOMATINI
Genus AGENIASPIS Dahlbom
Afjotiaspis Dahlbom, 1857. Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Forh. 14 (8): 293. No species
included.
Type-species: Eiictjifiis fnscicollls Dalman. Desig. by Ashmaed, 1904.
Holcothorax Mayr, 1876 (1875). Zool.-Bct. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 25: 691.
Type-species: (Encyrtus) Holcothorax testaceipes (Ratzeburg). Desig. by Gahan and
Fagan, 1923.
Agoiiaspis contains fewer than 10 species, most of which are parasites of Lepidoptera. One
species,/H.sc/co///.s (Dalman), is poiyembryonic. The genus appears to be cosmopolitan.
Ta.xonomy: Narayanan, 1960. Natl. Inst. Sci. India, Proc. (B) 26: 23. —Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad.
Nauk SSSR Zool. Inst.. Trudy 41: 180. —Trjapitzin, 1968. Vses. Ent. Obshch., Trudy 52:
100-101. -Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 292-293.
bucculatricis (Howard). Ont. s. to D. C, w. to Mo. Host: Bncculatrix pomifoliella Clem., galls
oi Rliabdoplnuja coninfa Walsh and R. Niliqiia Walsh.
Eiici/rtus hitcciilatrix Howard, 1883 (1882). //( Lintner, Injurious Insects N. Y., Ann. Rept.
1:160-161. 9.
Coelopencyrtus contains about ten species, all of which are parasites of aculeate Hymenop-
tera.The genus appears throughout the world, with the possible e.xception of South America.
With more thorough investigations of aculeate biology Coelopoicyrtus may become a larger
genus.
938 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
hylaei Burks. Md., Nebr. Host: HylaeuH cresso)ii (Ckil.), Hylaeus sp.
Coelopencyrtiis hylaei Burks, 1958. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 48 (1): 25-26. 6, 9.
hylaeoleter Burks. Ont., Idaho, Utah, Calif. Host: Hylaeus sp., H. ellipticus (Kirby).
Coelopencyrtits hylaeoleter Burks, 1958. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 48 (1): 24-25. 6, 9.
Biology: Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees, p. 433 (host, life history).
Taxonomy: Masi, 1911. Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, Bol. 5 (4): 163-169. —Mercet, 1923. Soc.
Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23 (1): 51, 54.
—
Ferriere, 1949. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 22
(4):374. -Graham, 1958. Ent. Tidskr. 79 (3-4): 167-169. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo
Ent. 39 (2): 300-305.
bakeri (Howard). Cosmopolitan. Host: Chorizagrofis sp., C. anxiliaris (Grote), C. thanatologia
Dyar, Agrotis coierabilis Wlkr., Euxoa flavicollis (Smith), E. detersa (Wlkr.), E.
tristicula (Morr.), Cymodes devastator (Brace), Feltia diicens Wlkr., F. sp.
Berecyntus bakeri Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 238. 9.
Berecyntus bakeri var. arizouensis Girault, 1916. Psyche 23 (2): 50. 9.
Berecyntus bakeri var. gemma Girault, 1916. Psyche 23 (2): 49-50. S, 9.
Berecyntus bakeri var. euxoae Strickland, 1916. Canad. Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bui. 13:
21-22. 9.
Biology: Gibson, 1915. Canada Dept. Agr., Ent. Branch, Bui. 10: 11. —Snow, 1925. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 18 (4): 606. -King and Atkinson, 1928. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 21 (2): 174 Huffaker, —
1971. Biol. Control, p. 267.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 939
celaenae Howard. Que., s. to Conn., w. to Mo., s. to Miss. Host: Eiixoa scolastica McD.,
Lacinipolia venigem (Steph.).
Copklosowa celaenae Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 11-12, 42. 9.
dcceptor Miller. Cosmopolitan. Host: Epiuotia )ia}iatio (Treit.), Acleria rariaua (Fern.), Diirita
luttella Busck, Euconlylia hiuitella Kief., Recurraiia apicitripiiiictella Clem., R.
caniisclla Free., R. )iiilleri Busck, R. iiioreoiiella Hein., R. )iauella (Hbn.), R. starki
Freem., R. thujaella Kearf., Exoteleia dodecella (L.), E. pitiifoliella (Chamb.),
Argijre.stliia anreoargeutella Brower.
Copido.sonia decepfor Miller, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34 (2): 58-60. 9,6.
Biology: Stark, 1961. Canad. Jour. Zool. 39 (6): 893-905. —Telford, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54
(2): 348. -Richards, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95 (5): 519.
Taxonomy: Mayr, 1876 (1875). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 25: 734, 735, 736-737.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1889. hi Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S. and Canada, pp. 1872,
1888.
Parablastothrix Mercet, 1917. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 17 (9): 538-540.
Type-species: Parablastothrix vespertinus Mercet. Monotypic.
940 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Parablasfothrix contains only a few species and is Holarctic in distribution. The type-species
has been reported as a parasite of buprestid larvae whereas the North American representa-
tive of the genus has been recorded from small Lepidoptera.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1932. Soc. Ent. France, Liv. Cent., pp. 685-686. —Miller, 1965. Canad.
Ent. 97 (7): 750-753. —
Erdos, 1955. Budapest Magyar Nemz. Muz., Ann. Hist. Nat. (n. s.) 6:
292-294. -Erdos, 1963. Beitr. zur Ent. 13 (3-4): 285.
nearctica Miller. Mich., W. Va., Miss. Host: Obrussa sp., Coptodisca sp. on Vaccinhan
arboreutn.
ParablaHtotltrix nearctica Miller, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97 (7): 750, 751-753. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Risbec, 1952. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. E, Ent. 2: 6, 38-40. —Risbec, 1954.
Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire, Bui. 16 (4): 1067-1068. —
Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad. Nauk SSSR Zool.
Inst., Trudy 41: 206-207. -Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 294-295.
pyralidis (Ashmead). Ont., Mich., Md. s. to Fla., w. to Utah, Calif. Host: Anarsia lineatella
Zell., Tricliotaphe Jlat'ocostella Clem., T. setoaella Clem.
Eiicyrtnsil) pyralidin Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4 (1): 15. 9. Generic name is a lapsus for
EiicyrtiiN.
Copidosonia rariegotuw Howard, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1 (8): 197. 9.
Biology: Pack, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 216: 15-16. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs.
Ent. 8 (2): 109. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139, p. 22.
Biology: Caltagirone, 1971 (1970). Lab. Ent. Agr. Filippo Silvestri Portici, Bol. 28: 98-112.
Tribe DISCODINI
This genus presently contains fewer than ten species. It is Holarctic in distribution and
There is an undescribed species in California and Washington which feeds
parasitizes Coccidae.
on Asterolecanium arabidis (Sign.).
Tribe ENCYRTINI
Genus ENCYRTUS Latreille
Biology: Ishii, 1932. Japan Dept. Agr. and Com., Imp. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3 (3): 181, 187-188,
194.
942 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
bicolor (Howard). Ont. s. to D. C, w. to Mich., La., Kans., Colo., Calif. Host: Coccus
hesperidiDii L., Lecaniinii corni Bouche, L.fletcheri Ckll.
Coinys bicolor Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann., Kept, for 1880, pp. 350, 362-363. 6, 9.
Biology: Hubbard, 1885. Insects Affecting the Orange, p. 52. —Craw, 1894. Calif. State Bd.
Hort., Bien. Rpt. 4: 97.
californicus (Girault). Calif. Host: Lecauiuiii corni Bouche, L. quercifex Fitch.
EnconiijH californicua Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p.
2. 9.
cyanocephalus Dalman. Europe, Ont.? Host: Lecanimii caryae Fitch, L. conii Bouche.
Ettcyrtus cyanocephalus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 344. 9.
Biology: Jarvis, 1911 (1910). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 41: 75.
fuscus (Howard). Ont., Que., N. Y., Mass., Conn., N. J., Ohio, Ala., Kans., Calif. Host: Lecanlum
coDti Bouche, L. tiiyrofasciatiDii Perg., L. prHi)io>iH))i Coq., L. spp. on laurel-leaved oak,
on Heteromeles and on Quercus nigra, Pulvinaria vitis (L.), Saissetia coffeae (Walk.).
CotiiysfuNca Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 363. 6, 9.
Cliiloneiints tnaculatiponiis Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., pp.
203-304. 9.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 360. —Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent.
95 (12): 1256.
Biology: Isaac, 1905. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 1: 99. —Smith, 1915. Cahf. State
Comn. Hort., Monthly Bui. 4: 269.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 148.
infelix (Embleton). N. Y. Host: Saissetia coffeae (Walk.).
Comys infelix Embleton, 1902. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 223-224. 9.
Taxonomy: Embleton, 1904. Linn. Soc. London, Trans., Zool. (2): 9: 231-254.
Biology: Silvestri, 1920 (1919). Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, Bol. 13: 127-192. —Thorpe, 1936.
Parasitology 28 (4): 517-540. —Maple, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30 (1): 144, 148-151.
—Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 8 (2): 82-83, 86-87. —
Hamlen, 1975. Environm. Ent.
4 (6): 972-974.
infidus (Rossi). Europe, No. Amer.?
Clirysis^ bifida Rossi, 1790. Fauna Etrusca, v. 2, p. 80.
Ichneumon infidus Rossi, 1794. Mant. Insect., 2 Append.: 111-112.
Pteromalus Scutellatus Swederus, 1795. Svenska Vetensk Akad., Handl. (2) 16: 218. 6, 9.
Biology: Clausen, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25 (4): 670-687. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 84, 87-88. —
Sugonyayev, 1958. Ent. Rev. 37 (2): 308-309. Kon, 1974. —
Ent. Rev. 53 (4): 8-21.
peckhamii (Ashmead). Que., Ont. s. to N. C, w. Wis., Tenn. Host: Lecaiiiioii conii Bouche, L.
quercifex Fitch.
Bothriothorax Peckluniiii Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 132. 6,9.
Howanliella peckhawi Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 22: 361.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 148.
Tribe HABROLEPIDINI
Genus ADELENCYRTUS Ashmead
Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 341, 400.
Acleleiicyrtiis
Type-species: E)icyrtii.s cliioiiaspidix Howard. Orig. desig.
Epiencyrtiodes Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 108.
Type-species: Epieticyrtiodes quadrideiitatnn Girault. Orig. desig.
Rotreucyrtits Risbec, 1959. Bui. Acad. Malgache 35: 39.
Type-species: Rotre)icyrtiis depreasuK Risbec. Monotypic.
Adelencyi-tus presently holds about a dozen species. The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution
and its members are parasites of scale insects.
Taxonomy: Tachikawa, 1956. Insecta Matsumurana 20 (3-4): 93. — Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat.
Pragae, Acta Ent. 6: 114-115. —Compere and Annecke, 1961. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 24
(1): 47-58.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1949. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 22 (4): 371. — Ferriere, 1953. Rev.
Path. Veg. d'Ent. Agr. France 32 (2): 116.
Biology: Benassy, 1958. Acad. Sci. Compt. Rend. 246 (1): 179. —
Tshumakova, 1961. Ent. Rev.
40 (2); 170-179. -Sugonyayev, 1962. Akad. Nauk SSSR Izv. Ser. Biol. 5: 754-766.
-Tshumakova, 1965. Ent. Rev. 44 (3): 305-308. —
Sorokina, 1973. Ent. Rev. 52 (3): 397-398.
odonaspidis Fullaway. Fla. w. to Tex. Host: Odonaspis sp., Autonina gm7ni}iis (Mask.) (?).
Adelencyrtus odonaspidis Fullaway, 1913. Hawaii. Agr. Exp. Sta., Ann. Rept. for 1912. pp.
27,28,30,31. 9.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1919. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 4 (1): 191. — Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (3): 432.
Biology: Swezey, 1915. Jour. Econ. Ent. 8 (5): 452. — Beardsley, 1961. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc.
17 (3): 327.
Anabrolepis has not yet been reported from Africa or South America, otherwise it is
in distribution. It includes less than 10 described species which are
cosmopolitan parasites of the
Diaspididae.
Taxonomy: Ishii, 1928. Imp. Agr. Sta. Japan, Bui. 3 (2): 148-149. —Tachikawa, 1956. Insecta
Matsumurana 20 (3-4): 94. — Subba Rao, 1957. Indian Acad. Sci., Proc. Sec. B. 46 (6): 382.
—Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 114.
944 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Risbec, 1952. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Ser. E. Ent. 2: 46. —Compere and
Annecke, 1961. Ent. Soc. So.Afr., Jour. 24 (1): 59-65.
—
Tshumakova, 1961. Ent. Rev. 40
323. -Trjapitzin, 1963. Ent. Rev. 42 (4): 479-480. —Hoffer, 1963. Mus. Nat. Pragae,
(2):
Acta Ent. 35: 562. —
De Santis, 1964. Com. In v. Cient. Prov. Buenos Aires, An. 4: 229.
ensifer (Howard). Maine s. to Fla., Wis. Host: Atipidiotus corticalis (CklL), Qiiadmspidiotiis
jtiglan.iregiae (Comst.), Q. per)iicio.sHs (Comst.), Rliizanpidiotus deaniessi (CklL).
EncyrtuH ennifer Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 13, 31, 42. cJ, 9.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8 (3): 284. —Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 4 (8): 212.
Comperiella contains fewer than five species and, with the exception of South America, has
been recovered on every continent. It is composed of primary, internal parasites of armored
scale insects.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25 (3): 59. —Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ.,
Pubs. Ent. 4 (2): 44-50.—Mercet, 1926. Eos 2 (4): 320. —
Ayyar, 1934. Indian Mus., Rec. 36
(2): 220. — Subba Rao, 1966. Mushi 39 (13): 135.
—
Prinsloo and Annecke, 1976. Ent. Soc.
So. Afr., Jour. 39 (2): 185-188.
bifasciata Howard. Fla., Calif. Host: Aonidiella aumnfii (Mask.), A. cifrina (Coq.),
Ctirysonipbalus aonidwni (L.). There appear to be at least two distinct races of this
species.
Comperiella bifasciafa Howard, 1906. Ent. News 17 (4): 122. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 945
Biology: Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (6): 834-835. -Smith, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent.
35
(6): 809-812. -Flanders, 1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36 (2): 233-235. -Flanders, 1944. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 37 (3): 365. Swezey,— 1923. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (2): 301. Timberlake, —
1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 5 (3): 433. —Compere and Smith, 1927. Calif. Univ., Pubs.
Ent. 4 (4): 64-70. —
Moutia, 1934. Mauritius Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1933, p. 27. —Coy,
1938. Calif. Dept. Agr., Bui, 27 (4): 445-446. —Swezey et ai, 1939. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc
10 (2): 351. -Smith, 1941. Calif. Citrog. 26 (3): 58, 76. —Campbell, 1943. Austral. Coun. Sci.
Ind. Res., Jour. 16 (1): 41-42. -Woglum, et «/., 1947. Jour. Econ. Ent. 40 (6): 820. -Maple,
1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 74, 76. -DeBach, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41 (6): 985.
-DeBach, 1952. Calif. Citrog. 37 (4): 136. —Flanders, 1956. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Fac Agr.
Portici, Bol. 33: 14.
— Tshumakova, 1957. Ent. Oboz. 36 (3): 643-651. -Smith, 1957. Canad.
Ent. 85 (5): 220. — Azim, 1961. Mushi 35 (14): 104. — Annecke, 1962.
So. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci.
5 (2): 281-282. -Rimes, 1962. West. Austral. Dept. Agr., Jour. 3 (11): 881. -DeBach, 1965.
Canad. Ent. 97 (8): 859. -Subba Rao, 1966. Mushi 39 (13): 135-138. -Trjapitzin, 1968.
Vses. Ent. Obshch., Trudy 52: 75. —DeBach, 1964. Biol. Control Insect Pests and Weeds,
pp. 133, 288, 323, 350, 354, 451, 676. —Brewer, 1971. Austral. Jour. Zool. 19 (1): 53-63.
-Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, pp. 74-75, 79, 181, 186. -DeBach, 1974. Biol. Control by
Nat. Enem., pp. 179, 180, 181, 200, 203, 206. A
more extensive bibliography is provided by
Peck (1963).
Habrolepis contains about a dozen species which develop as primary internal parasites of scale
insects. Some species have been used in biological control programs with varying degrees of suc-
cess. The genus has not been reported from South America and one species, H. wiixi, was in-
troduced into North America for biological control of the California red scale.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 16 (2): 183. -Compere, 1961. Hilgardia 31 (7): 173-278. -Annecke, 1962.
So. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci. 5 (2): 281. —Annecke, 1963. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 26 (1): 207, 220.
— Delucchi and Traboulsi, 1965. Ent. Soc. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 1 (2): 499. Huffaker, —
1971. Biol. Control, p. 74.
Ta.xonomy: Dozier, 1926. Puerto Rico Dept. Agr., Jour. 10 (3-4): 273-274.
diaspidis Crawford. Md. s. to Fla., w. to Calif. Host: Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche).
Plagiomerus diaspidis Crawford, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 90. 9.
Biology: Gordh and Lacey, 1976. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78 (2): 132-144.
Pseudhoiiialopoda contains fewer than five species which are distributed in the Pacific and
The species are parasites of scale insects.
Holarctic regions.
Taxonomy: Tachikawa, 1956. Insecta Matsumurana 20 (3-4): 90-96. — Tachikawa, 1963. Mem.
Ehime Univ. Sec. 6 (Agr.) 9 (1): 17, 95, 101-102.
prima Girault. Fla. w. to Tex. Host: Aleurocaiitlius wogluini Ashby?, Aonidiella aurantii
(Mask.), Chrysoiiiphahis aoiiiduiii (L.).
Pseudhoiiialopoda prima Girault, 1915. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 23 (3): 171-172. 9.
Biology: Geyer, 1947. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 10 (1): 102. — Zinna. 1961 (1960). Portici Lab.
Ent. Agr. Filippo Silvestri, Bol. 18: 260-261.
affinis Timberlake. Calif. Host: Hyperaspis osculans Lee.
165-166. 9.
Homalotylus affinis Timberlake, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 162,
albitarsus Gahan. Md. Host: Lecaniumi nigrofasciatum Perg. on peach; coccinellid.
Homalotylus albitarsus Gahan, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42 (6): 206-207. 9.
cockerelli Timberlake. Tex. Host: Dactylopius confusus (Ckll.) ?, Pseudococcus sp.?,
Mendozaniella mirabilis Brethes, 1913. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 24:
98-99.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1907. Lab. Zool. Portici, Bol. 1: 288-290. —Masi, 1919. Genova Mus. Civ.
Stor. Nat., Ann. 48: 296-298. — Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, pp.
519-522, 712. —Mercet, 1923. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23 (3):
143. —Timberlake,
1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (3): 430. — Pruthi and Mani, 1940. Imp. Council Agr. Res.,
Misc. Bui. (India) 30: 14. — d'Araujo e Silva, 1945. Bol. Fitossan. 1 (1): 29-35.
—
Ferriere,
1949. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 22 (4): 378-379. — Rogojanu, 1955. Bucharest Acad.
Romine, Fil. Stud. Cercet. Sti., (2), 6 (3-4): 79. -Tawfik et a/., 1962. Soc. Ent.
Repub. Cluj.
Egypt, Bui. 46: 503. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent. Meddel. 30 (2): 133-134. -Trjapitzin, 1968.
Vses. Ent. ObsKch., Trudy 52: 68-69.
hyperaspidis Timberlake. Utah, Calif. Host: Hijperaspis iindulata (Say).
Homalotylus hyperaspidis Timberlake, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 162, 167-169. 6, 9.
948 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 176-190. -Annecke, 1962. Ent. Soc.
So. Afr., Jour. 25 (2): 188-191. —Trjapitzin, 1968. Vses. Ent. Obshch., Trudy 52: 69.
atriventrisAshmead. Ont., Que. s. to Fla. Host: Chrysopa lateralis Guer.
Isodromus atriventrus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 379. 9.
iceryae Howard. Cosmopolitan. Host: Synipherobius angustus (Banks), S. californicus (Banks),
Chrysopa californica Coq., C. lateralis Guer., C. nifilabris Burm.
Isodromus iceryae Howard, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Kept, for 1886. p. 488. 9.
Parataneostigma nigriaxillae Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8 (3): 275. 9.
Isodrouius pulcher Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 16. 9.
1946. Calif.
Biology: Riley, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rept. for 1888, pp. 85-86. -Clancy,
Univ., Pubs. Ent. 7 (13): 426-432. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 91-92.
-Muma, 1959. Fla. Ent. 42 (3): 151, 152.
montanus Slosson. N. H., Colo. Host: Chrysopa sp. Type lost, but may be Isodromus vinulus
(Dalman).
Isodro))ius mo)ifauus Slosson, 1895. Ent. News 6 (9): 278.
Tribe IXODIPHAGINI
Taxonomy: Howard, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40 (7): 239-241. -Risbec, 1954. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire,
Bui. Ser. A 16 (4): 1070-1071. -Oliver, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40 (4): 227-230.
Biology: Doube and Heath, 1975. Jour. Med. Ent. 12 (4): 443-447.
hookeri Howard. Mass. s. to Fla. w. to Mont., Idaho, Calif. Host: Deniiacentor andersoni
Stiles, D. imriDiiapterus Neum., D. curiabilis (Say), Haeniapliyticilis leporiapalusfris
(Pack.), h-o(len deiitafus Marx, /. iintris B. and S., /. scapnlarin Say, Rhipiceplialun
satK/iiiiu'Ks (Latr.).
HiDiti'irllus Hookni Howard, 1908. Canad. Ent. 40 (7): 241. 6, 9.
IxodiplKtijus Cdiiciirtei du Buysson, 1912. Arch, de Parasitol. 15: 246-247. S, 9.
Hahwlvpis caniplnia Risbec, 1951. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire, Mem. 13: 170-172.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 36 (6): 89-97. — Quaraishi, 1958. Amer.
Midland Nat. 59 (2): 489-504.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 36 (6): 89-97. —Quaraishi, 1958. Amer.
Midland Nat. 59 (2): 502.
Biology: Larson, 1937. Jour. Parasitol. 24: 496-498. —Larson and Green, 1938. Jour. Parasitol.
24: 363-368. -Smith et al., 1946. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 905: 72.
Tribe MICROTERYINI
Genus AGROMYZAPHAGUS Gahan
plum.
Agroinijzapliagus detrimentosus Gahan, 1912. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 14 (1): 7. cJ, 9.
This a cosmopolitan genus consisting of about 20 species which are hyperparasites (and per-
is
aphidivorus (Mayr). Maine, Conn. to Fla., w. to La., Idaho. Host: Rhopalosiphoniu.s soknii
s.
(Thos.), Neofctapliis bakeri (Cowen), Cdcariella aquatica (G. and B.), Brevicoryne
brassicae (L.), Acyrthosiphon comelli (Patch), M. avenae (F.), M. liriodendri (Monell),
Mtiztts persicae (Suiz.), Sell iza phis gr(U)iiiiu)ii (Rond.), Trialeiirodes vapomrioru})!
(Westw.), Aphelinus juncundus Gahan, A. sanbomiae Gahan, A. semiflavus How., A.
sp., Aphiditts fesfaceipes (Cress.), A. spp.
Enctp-tm aphidicorits Mayr, 1876 (1875). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 25: 712-713,
724. d, 9.
Eitpehints sclii:o)u'nme Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xvi. 6, 9
(under Enciirtus).
EHCyrfus apliidipliagiis Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 14: 14. 9.
EncyriuH^ niegoiuae Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bui. 14: 19. 6, 9.
Encyrtiis Websferi Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2 (7-8): 247-248. 6, 9.
Microteri/s snbmetulicits Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, p. 354. Preocc.
by Howard, 1896.
Syrphophagiis silcestri)ius Ghesquiere, 1956 Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 701. (n.
name for subnietalicu.s Mercet).
Syrpliopliagna ))u>rceti Erdos, 1957. Folia Ent. Hungarica (n. s.) 10 (1): 45 (n. name for
snbinetaliciis Mercet).
Ta.xonomy: Gahan, 1924 (1923). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25 (9): 187-188. —Gahan, 1927. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 18. —Gahan, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (8): 6-7. —Mercet,
1932. Los paras, los ins. perjud. Barcelona, pp. 108-109. —Narayanan, 1941. Indian Jour.
Ent. 3 (1): 62. -Ferriere, 1961. Entomophaga 6 (1): 48-49. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent.
Meddel. 30 (2): 114-115. -Hoffer, 1965. Acta. Ent. Bohemoslov. 62 (2): 112-115.
Biology: Pashchenko, 1961. Kazakh. Akad. Sel'sk. Nauk. Nauch. Inst. Zash. East., Trudy 6:
218. -Szalay-Marzso and Solymosy, 1961-1962. Acta Agron. (Budapest). 11 (3-4): 329-342.
— Akhvledinana, 1963. Akad. Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Soobshch, 30 (6): 781. —Hassan, 1963.
United Arab Repub. Min. Agr., Agr. Ext. Dept., p. 5. —
Grigorov, 1964. Rast. Zashch. 12
(4): 32. —
Sharma, 1965. Paris Univ. Facul. Sci. Theses, Ser. A, 4510, p. 109. Radev, 1968. —
Rast. Nauki (Sofia) 5 (10): 126.
lachni (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Cinara australi (Ashm.).
Eupelmus lachni Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. Proc. p. xvi. 9 (under
Encyrius).
Taxonomy: Girault, 1918. Ent. News 29 (2): 65-66. — Kerrich, 1954. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(12) 8: 371-379.
elasmoceri Ashmead. D. C, Va. Host: Monophi/lla teniiinata (Say).
Ceychysitis elasmoceyi Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 379-380. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4 (10-12): 119-120. —Girault,
1918. Ent. News 29 (2): 65.
hubbardii Ashmead. Wash., Calif. Host: VrilletUi liubbanii Schwarz (?nomen nudum) infesting
stems of Alleiiwffia occidental is.
Cerchiisins hubbardii Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 380. 9.
marilandicus Girault. Md., Wise, Ind., N. H.
CerclnjsiuK Hiarilandicus Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4 (10-12):
119-120. 9.
Cerchi/sins iiiariilaiidiciis Peck, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 483. Unjustified
emendation.
pallipes (Provancher). Ont.
Copidosonia pallipes Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 205. 9.
Copidosoiiia pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym. v. 5, p. 243. Unjustified emend.
ApeiifilicHs FuUaway, 1913. Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta., Rpt. for 1912, p. 26.
Type-species: Apenteliciis koti)iskyi Fullaway. Orig. desig.
The names Microteiys and Sceptrophorns have been used interchangeably in the literature.
Rosen (1973, Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 30 (2): 108-111) proposed that Sceptroplionts be suppressed.
The actual number of Microtenjs spp. can only be speculated at this time. Currently we recog-
nize over 170 names in the genus, some of which are undoubtedly junior synonyms. The genus
probably contains over 100 valid species. The New World fauna is poorly known.
This genus is important to biological control because many species are primary parasites of
soft scale insects. Representatives of Microterys have been reported on all families of scale in-
sects except the Diaspididae and Asterolecanidae.
-Rosen, 1973. Ent. Soc. Austral, Jour. 12 (4): 248-252. -Prinsloo, 1975. Ent. Soc. So. Afr.,
Jour. 38 (1):19-37. —Prinsloo and Rosen, 1975. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 38 (1): 85-88.
-Rosen, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69 (3): 479-485.
cincticornis Ashmead. N. H., Mass., 111. Host: Keniies piibencens Bogue.
Microterys cincticornis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 390.
claripennis Compere. Calif., N. C, Pa. Host: Lecaniuni comi Bouche.
Microterys claripennis Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (8): 216-217. 6,' 9.
dubiosus (Dalla Torre). Cahf. Host: Icerya piirchasi Mask.
Eiicyrtns ditbins Howard, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1 (9): 270. 6. Preocc. by
Fonscolombe, 1840.
Encyrtus diibiosns Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 257. N. name.
flavus (Howard). Ont., N. Ohio, III, Fla., Calif. Host: Coccus hesperidum L., C.
J.,
Encyrtus flavus Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 367. 6, 9.
952 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Isaac, 1905. Calif. State Commr. Hort, Bien. Rpt. 1: 99, 102. Timberlake, 1913. —
Jour. Econ. Ent. 6 (3): 298. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 98-100, 102-103.
—
Bartlett and Lagace, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54 (2): 222-227. Rubtsov, 1963. —
Zashch. Hast. Vred. Boleznei 8 (10): 58. —Bartlett, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57 (3): 344.
-Bartlett and Ball, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57 (4): 496-503. -Gogua, 1965. Zashch.
Rast. Vred. Boleznei 19 (1): 47. -Huffaker, 1971. Biol. Control, p. 463. Sorokina, 1973. —
Ent. Rev. 52 (3): 396-397.
fuscicornis (Howard). Md., Minn. Host: TounieijeUa pan'icornis (Ckll.).
Encijrtu>tfu!iciconii.s Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 5: 13, 42. 9.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, pp. 394-397. 6,9.
tessellatus (Dalman). Greenland, No. Amer.?
Encyrtus tessellatus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 342-344. 9.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 393. -Carpenter, 1938. Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist. (11) 1 (5): 542. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent. Meddel. 30 (2): 151.
xanthopsis Compere. Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Lecanium corni Bouche, L. persicae (F.).
Microterys xanthopsis Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (2): 39, 41-42. 9.
yolandae Compere. Calif. Host: Kennes cockerel I i Ehrh.
Microterys yolandae Compere, 1926. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 4 (2): 39-41. 9.
Oobiiis a small genus, consisting of about five species, and is Holarctic and Ethiopian in dis-
is
tribution. These insects are parasites in the eggs of buprestid beetles. An undetermined species
is found in Arizona and California. It has been taken from Piniis )iniricafa, Libocedrus decur-
OoencyrtuH is another cosmopolitan genus the size of which is difficult to determine. All spe-
cies are
egg parasites of other insects.
Ta.xonomy: Timberlake, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 25 (3): 59. -Mercet, 1925. Eos 1 (3):
324-328. -Ferriere, 1931. Bui. Ent. Res. 22 (2): 281-286. -Hoffer, 1963. Mus. Nat. Pragae,
Acta Ent. 35: 560-580. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent. Meddel. 30 (2): 158-159. -Trjapitzin, 1967.
Akad. Nauk Zool. Inst., Trudy. 41: 198-202.
Biology: Chu, 1934. Chekiang Prov., China, Bur. Ent. Yearbook (Hangchow) 3: 169.
— Sasamoto, 1939. Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) 51 (1): 24-33. —Phillips, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 91 (5): 136-143. -Wolcott and Martorell, 1944. Puerto Rico Univ., Jour. Agr. 27 (2):
93. -Geyer, 1947. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 10 (1): 100-102. -Anderson and Kaya, 1974.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67 (6): 845-849. -Kaya and Anderson, 1974. Environ. Ent. 3 (3):
659-663.
anabrivorus Gahan. Wyo. Host: Anabnis si)iiplex Hald.
Ooeucyrtits anabrironis Gahan, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 49-51. 6, 9.
anasae (Ashmead). N. C, Fla., La., Kans. Host: Solubea pugnax (F.), Anasa tristis (Deg.).
Encyrtiis auanae Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 14: 23-24. 9.
Biology: Ingram, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1543: 4. —Douglas and Ingram, 1942.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 632: 6.
californicus Girault. Calif. Host: Anasa triHtis (Deg.).
OenocyrtuK califor)ticus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov. p. 22. 9. Generic name a
lapsus for Ooeiicyrtus.
Encyrtus clisiocampae Ashmead, 1893. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Ser., Bui. 1: 163. 9.
Biology: Hodson, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32 (1): 131-136. —Kaya and Anderson, 1972.
Environ. Ent. 1 (4): 523-524. —Anderson and Kaya, 1973. Environ. Ent. 2 (4): 705-711.
johnsoni (Howard). Md., Va., N. C, Fla., Tex., Calif. Host: Arilus cristatus (L.), Chlorochroa
sayi Stal, Murgantia lilsfrionica (Hahn), coccinellid eggs.
EncyrtuH Johnsoni Howard, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 18. i, 9.
Biology: Drake, 1920. Fla. State Plant Bd., Quart. Bui. 1: 81.
—
Essig, 1922. Jour. Ent. and
Zool. 14 (4): 76. -White and Brannon, 1933. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1712: 5.
-Maple, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30 (1): 123-154. — Huffaker, 1941. Jour Econ. Ent. 34
(1): 117-118. -DeBach, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (5): 787. -Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs.
Ent. 8 (2): 105-107.
kuvanae (Howard). New England. Host: Nyginia phaeorrhoea (Donov.), Porthefria dispar (L.),
Stilp)iotia salicis (L.), Apanteles n/elanoscelns (Ratz.).
Schedius kuvanae Howard, 1910. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Bui. 19 (1): 3-5. 6, 9.
Ooencyrfus kuiranai Peck, 1951. /;; Muesebeck et at., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 496.
Unjustified emend.
954 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 86, 176-188, 307.
—Grossman, 1925. Jour. Agr. Res. 30: 643-675. — Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 25. —Burgess and Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86:
-Parker, 1933. Jour. Agr. Res. 46: 23-34. -Lloyd, 1935. Nature 135 (3412): 472-473.
31-38.
-Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 107-109. -Glausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1139: 116-118. —
Templado, 1957. Inst. Biol. Barcelona, Apl. Pubs. 25: 119.
-Hitchcock, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52 (4): 764-765. -Tadic et al., 1959. Zast. Bilja 52-53:
47-52. —
-Dowden, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54 (5): 876. Bjegovic, 1963. Zast. Bilja 14 (75):
544. -Weseloh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64 (5): 1050-1057.
moneilemae Gahan. Te.\. Host: Moneileiiia ccfl.s.so Lee.
OoencyrtuH moneilewae Gahan, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27 (8): 167-168. 6, 9.
Interestingly, both Ferriere and Erdos and Novicky selected the same generic name for
identical species. Ferriere's publication date preceeds that of Erdos and Novicky and therefore
has priority. This monotypic genus parasitizes mealybugs on Plimgniites.
parkeri Ferriere. N. Y.
Platencyrtus parkeri Ferriere, 1955 (Jan.). Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 60 (1): 11-12. 6, 9.
Platencyrtus esurie)is Erdos and Novicky, 1955 (June). Beitr. zur. Ent. 5: 197, 6,9.
Genus PSEUDENCYRTUS Ashmead
PseudencyrtHs Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 340, 346, 396.
Type-species: Encyrtus cecidoniyiae Howard. Orig. desig.
A small genus consisting of appro.ximately nine species, Pseudencyrtus is Holarctic in dis-
tribution and parasitizes Diptera.
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1957. Acta. Zool. (Budapest). 3 (1-2): 39. —Graham, 1958. Ent. Tidskr. 79
(3-4): 158. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent. Meddel. 30 (2): 162-163.—Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo
Ent. 39 (2): 250-252.
bolus (Walker). Ont.
Encyrtus Bolus Walker, 1844. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 14: 17. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 147-148.
cecidomyiae (Howard). Que., Ont. s. to Fla., w. to Mich. Host: Mayetiola rigidae (0. S.),
Rhabdophaga strobiloides (0. S.).
Encyrtus cecidomyiae Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 16, 32, 42. 6, 9.
Biology: Kamal, 1939. Egypt Min. Agr., Tech. and Sci. Serv., Ent. Sect., Bui. 207: 34, 46, 48.
Taclii)iaephagus is cosmopolitan in distribution and contains fewer than five species. Ap-
parently all species are parasites of fly pupae.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1924. Homo Perniciosus and New Hymenoptera p. 4. —Ghesquiere, 1960.
Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 62 (1-2): 53-58.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40 (8): 210-211. —Ghesquiere, 1960. Rev.
Zool. Bot. Africaines 62 (1-2): 55-56. —
Timberlake, 1941. B. P. Bishop Mus., Occas. Papers
16 (9): 216, 226-227.
Biology: Johnson and Tiegs, 1921. Roy. Soc. Queensland, Proc. 33 (6): 107-110, 117.
Trichomasthus a cosmopolitan genus containing over forty described species, most of which
is
—Trjapitzin, 1968. Ent. Rev. 47 (1): 125. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2):
267-269. —
Girault, 1924. Homo Perniciosus and New Hymenoptera, p. 10. —Compere,
1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28 (1): 44-45. -Risbec, 1952. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar Ser. E., Ent.
2: 30-35. —Robinson, 1960. Ent. Soc. So. Afr., Jour. 23 (2): 371-374. (as Coccidoxenus).
Taxonomy: Masi, 1926. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 58 (9-10): 162. — Rubtzov, 1954. Vses. Ent.
Obshch., Trudy 44: 217.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1923. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23 (1): 49-50. —Alam, 1957. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 109 (15): 447.
Biology: Flanders, 1952. Jour. Econ. Ent. 45 (6): 1078. —Zag-Ozaga, 1961. Polskie Pismo Ent.
31 (2): 362. -Sugonyayev, 1962. Akad. Nauk SSSR Izv., Ser. Biol. 5: 754-766.
mexicanus (Girault). Fla. w. to Ariz.
CoccUloxeHHH }nexica)uis Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov. p. 21. 9.
niloticus Compere. CaHf. Released, possibly established. Host: Sainsetia oleae (Oliv.).
Coccidoxenus niloticus Compere, 1940. Hilgardia 13 (7): 395, 405-407. 6,9.
nubilipennis (Girault). Va. w. to 111.
AnagyniH nubilipennis Girault, 1909. Psyche 16 (4): 76-77. 6, 9.
Tribe MIRAINI
This genus consists of three Holarctic species that are parasites of scale insects.
Taxonomy: Ruschka, 1912. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 62 (7): 240. —Ferriere, 1955.
Ent. Schweiz. Gesell, Mitt. 26 (1): 7.
This a Holarctic genus containing 13 species. Host records for this genus are incomplete, but
is
at least two species have been associated with Aclerda and Trionytnu.s. These host genera be-
long to different coccoid families and are associated with grasses.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos pp. 426-436. Erdos, 1957. — Acta
Zool. (Budapest). 3 (1-2): 47, 48-54. -Bakkendorf, 1965. Ent. Meddel. 30 (2): 138-139.
-Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad. Nauk SSSR Zool. Inst., Trudy 41: 205-206. -Graham, 1969.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 272-273.
americana Timberlake. N. Dak., S. Dak., Utah. Host: Trioytyinus utahensis (Ckll.).
Mayridia (uiiericaua Timberlake, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 69 (2629): 28-33. cJ, 9.
ferrierei Burks. N.J. Host: Aclerda xalapotseae McCon. on PaiiiciDii xalapense.
Mayridia ferrierei Burks, 1964. Entomophaga 9 (1): 17-18. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1921. Fauna Iberica, Himen., Encirtidos, pp. 181-183. —Mercet, 1922. Soc.
Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 22 (5):264-267. -Erdos, 1957. Acta Zool. (Budapest). 3 (1-2):
24-25.
macrocera Schellenberg. Idaho.
Mira vtacrocera Schellenberg, 1803. Genres de Mouches Dipteres, pp. 68-69.
Tribe NEOCLADINI
Genus CARABUNIA Waterston
Carabunia Waterston, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19 (3): 249.
Type-species: Carabunia myersi Waterston. Orig. desig.
Carabunia a monotypic genus found in the neotropics. It has been employed in biological
is
Biology: Myers, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21 (3): 341-351. —Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8
(2): 70. -Dustan, 1960. Burmuda Dept. Agr., Bui. 33: 1-11.
Encyrtus utquisitor Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Kept, for 1880, p. 367. 9.
sheldoni Ashmead. N. Y., Calif. Host: Pneudococciis ynariti))iu>i (Ehrh.).
ZarhopahiH sheldoni Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 406. 9.
Biology: Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 3 (2): 257-265. -Clancy and Pollard, 1947.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 40 (4): 578-579.
Tribe PRIONOMASTICINI
Taxonomy: Howard, 1892. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 15: 364-366. —Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 22: 337, 377. —Timberlake, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96 (3): 12. Santis, -De
1965. Com. Inv. Cien. Prov. Buenos Aires, An. 4: 114. —Burks, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
74 (4): 363-371.
hilaris Burks. Ohio w. to Kans. Host: Acrostenium liilare (Say).
Hexacladia hilaris Burks, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74 (4): 363, 367-368. S, 9.
smithi Ashmead. Fla. Host: Euschistus crenator (P.).
Hexacladia swUhi Ashmead, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3 (11-12): 455, 457. 6, 9.
Tribe PSEUDORHOPINI
Genus PSEUDORHOPUS Timberlake
Apparently some authors have confused this genus with Rhopns. Pseudorhopus is Holarctic
and contains four species. They parasitize Pliysokennes, but also have been reported attacking
Lecanintii, Lepidosaphes, and other armored scale insect genera.
Taxonomy: Ghesquiere, 1956. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Fac. Agr. Portici, Bol. 33: 686. Alam, —
1957. Roy. Ent. Soc.London, Trans. 109 (15): 423, 459-462. -Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat.
Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 94.
Tribe PSILOPHRYDINI
Genus PSILOPHRYS Mayr
Psilophrys Mayr, 1876 (1875). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 25: 727.
Type-species: Encyrtits loiigicomis Walker. Monotypic.
Psilophrys is another small, Holarctic genus composed of three or four species. One species
has been reported attacking Kenties. Material in the U. S. National Museum Collection indicates
that aniiata may parasitize Aroga.
Taxonomy: Trjapitzin, 1968. Vses. Ent. Obshch., Trudy 52: 69. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo
Ent. 39 (2):235.
Tribe THOMSONISCINI
Genus QUAYLEA Timberlake
Taxonomy: Maple, 1947. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 8 (2): 74, 76.
Tribe TRECHNITINI
Genus PRIONOMITUS Mayr
PrioHOuitus Mayr, 1876 (1875). Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 25: 701.
Type-species: Eucyrtus chlorinus Dalman. Monotypic. The type-species is
Prionomitus is Holarctic in distribution and contains about six species. All the species are
probably parasites of psyllids.
Taxonomy: Brethes, 1914. Ann. Zool. Aplic. Chile 1: 29-30. —
Masi, 1919. Genova Mus. Civ.
Stor Nat., Ann. Ser. 3, 8 (48): 154-155. -Mercet, 1926. Eos 2 (4): 313-315. -Ferriere, 1961.
6
Entomophaga (1): 41-42. —
Erdos, 1963. Beitr. zur Ent. 13 (3-4): 285.
—
Hoffer, 1963. Mus.
Nat. Pragae, Acta Ent. 35: 553-556. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 245-246.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1919. Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat, Ann. Ser. 38 (48): 154-155. —Ferriere,
1961. Entomophaga 6 (1): 42.
Psyllaepliagiis is a genus with over 100 described species. It is probably cosmopolitan, but has
not been reported from the Neotropical Region. As the name implies, species of Psyllaephagus
are parasites of psyllids. However, some species apparently are hyperparasites of other species
of PsyllaepliaguH.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34 (11): 302. -Waterston, 1922. Bui. Ent. Res. 13 (1):
42-47. —Ferriere, 1926. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 95 (2): 191-192. Gahan — and Waterston,
1926. Bui. Ent. Res. 16 (4): 373-375. -Mercet, 1926. Eos 2 (4): 313-315. — Alam, 1957. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 109 (15): 423, 456-459. —Ferriere, 1961. Entomophaga 6 (1):
42-48. —
Riek, 1962. Austral. Jour. Zool. 10 (4): 684-757. —
Trjapitzin, 1967. Akad. Nauk
SSSR Zool. Inst., Trudy 41: 190-194. —Trjapitzin, 1968. Vses. Ent. Obshch., Trudy 52: 54.
—Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 248-249.
arbuticola Gahan and Waterston. Calif. Host: Eupliyllura arbuti Schwarz.
Psyllaephagus arbuticola Gahan and Waterston, 1926. Bui. Ent. Res. 16 (4): 373-375. 6, 9.
pachypsyllae (Howard). Md. s. to N. C, w. to Kans., Calif. Host: Pachypsylla celtidisgevima
Riley, P. vennsta (0. S.), Trioza beanieri Tuthill.
Eiicyrtus pachypsyllae Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 5: 15, 32, 42. 6, 9.
Biology: Jensen, 1957. Hilgardia 27: 79, 95. —Waterston, 1922. Bui. Ent. Res. 13 (1): 43.
— Appleby and Neiswander, 1962. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Cir. HI, pp. 13. — Moser,
1965. N. Y. State Mus. Sci. Serv., Bui. 402, p. 18.
trioziphagus (Howard). Md. s. to N. C, w. to Ohio, Calif. Host: Trioza dio.spyri (Ashm.),
Biology: Eddy, 1927. Ohio Jour. Sci. 27 (4): 196-197. -Cazier, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40 (2):
73.
Treclniites is a Holarctic genus consisting of nine described species. The North American
representative of the genus has been recovered from pear psylla.
Ta.xonomy: Hoffer, 1960. Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Faun. Ent. 6: 109-114. — Ferriere, 1961.
Entomophaga 6 (1): 39-41. —Graham, 1969. Polskie Pismo Ent. 39 (2): 243-245.
insidiosus (Crawford). Oreg., Calif. Host: "pear psylla."
Pnylledontns iHsidiosim Crawford, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 89. cJ, 9.
Blepyrus contains five species which are mealybug parasites. Species in the genus are known
from North America, Africa and the Pacific.
Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1922. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5 (1): 168-173. -Gahan, 1942. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 47-49. —
Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 29 (5):
225-226.
insularis (Cameron). Miss., Tex. Host: Ferrisia virgata (Ckll.).
Encyrtusd) insularis Cameron, 1886. In Blackburn and Cameron, Manchester Lit. and
Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. (3) 10: 243.
Forcipestris presently consists of two species, one from Puerto Rico and the other from East-
ern North America. Both are larval-pupal parasites of ceratopogonid midges.
This monotypic genus has been found only in North America. The type-species has been re-
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 49. — Kerrich, 1967. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 20 (5): 190, 235, 246.
schwarzi Howard. Fla.
Euryhopalus schwarzi Howard, 1898. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 21: 237. 9.
Habrolepoidea contains about 8 species, at least some of which are parasitic on bruchid eggs.
The genus is found in North America, the Caribbean, and possibly Australia.
depressa Girault. 111. Host: Megacyllene robiniae (Forst.).
Habrolepoidea depressa Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48 (10): 343-344. 6, 9.
Holcencyrtus contains four species that are New World and Ethiopian in distribution. These
insects are parasites of soft scale insects.
Meromyzobia presently is known only from North and South America. It contain seven spe-
cies, one of which has been reported to be a parasite of Orthoptera eggs.
flava Ashmead. D. C.
Meromyzobia flava Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 350. S.
flavicincta (Ashmead). Fla.
Choreia flavicincta Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4 (1): 17. 9.
maculipennis (Ashmead). N. J., Ohio. Host: A)ithracophaga ingrata (Will.), Meromyza
a)iierica)ta Fitch.
Ericydnus maculipennis Ashmead, 1893. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Ser., Bui. 1: 162-163.
S.
unifasciata Ashmead. Miss.
Meromyzobia unifasciata Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 22: 350. 9.
Taxonomy: Risbec, 1951. Inst. Fr. Noire, Mem. 13: 147-151. -Hoffer, 1954 (1953). Acta Soc.
Ent. Cechosl. 50: 156-157, 162-167. -Hoffer, 1953. Ochr. Prirody 8 (4): 88. -Ferriere, 1956.
Schweiz. Ent. Ges., Mitt. 29 (4): 391-396. -Hoffer, 1958. Acta. Soc. Ent. Cechosl. 55 (3):
250-263.
subterraneus Ferriere. Tex.(?).
PamphaenodincH.s nubterraneit>i Ferriere, 1956. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 29 (4): 391-393,
395. 6, 9.
Taxonomy: Wheeler, 1907. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 23: 17-18.
Thi/sanomastix Perkins, 1907. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent., Bui. 4:
55.
Family EULOPHIDAE
By B. D. Burks
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1957. //( Kratochvil, Klic Zvireny CRS 2: 269-278 (key to Central
European genera; English translation, 1964, Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 34: 91-104).
—Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 169-204 (British fauna). —Boucek, 1959. Mus.
Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 117-194 (Central European fauna). —Boucek, 1963. Beitr. z.
Ent. 13: 257-281. —Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 5-90. —Boucek and
Askew, 1968. Index of Entomophagous Insects, Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae), Le
Francois, 254 pp. (Catalog of European fauna).
Subfamily EULOPHINAE
Tribe EULOPHINI
Taxonomy: Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 173-185 (Eulophinae; keys to British
genera and species). —Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 117-120 (Eulophinae;
key to genera). —Boucek, 1965. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 34: 91-96 (Eulophinae; key to
genera).
—
Yoshimoto, 1965. Pacific Insects 7: 670 (Eulophinae; key to Hawaiian genera).
—Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 68: 5-10 (Eulophinae; key to genera).
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1952. Soc. Veneziana Storia Nat, Bol. 6: 175. — Erdos, 1954. Mus. Nat.
Hung., Ann. Hist.-Nat. (n. s.) 5: 325 {=Eulophus Geoffroy).
968 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
coloni (Girault). Calif. (Walnut Creek). Ecology: From leaf miner in Convolvulus.
Sy»ipiefiis coloni Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 2. $.
flavipes (Ashmead). N. B., Que., Maine, s. to Va., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology:
Prefers hosts making blotch or tentiform mines in the leaves of deciduous plants. Host:
Antispila Isabella Clem., Argyresthia aureoargentella Brower, A. thuiella (Pack.),
Coleophom pruniella Clem., Gmcillaria sp., Lithocolletis sp., L. celtisella Chamb., L.
gaulthiella Wlshm., L. nialinialifoliella Braun, L. picturella Braun, L. populiella
Chamb., L. salicifoliella Chamb., Nepticula sp., Tischeria sp., T. castanaeella Chamb.;
Caliroa cemsi (L.), Fenusa pusilla (Lep.), Heterarthrus nenioratus (Fallen), Metallus
rohweri MacG.; Agroniyza sp., Liriomyza sp.
Synipiesis flavipes Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 133. 9.
Sy)npiesis tisclieriae Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VI. 9.
Synipiesis qiiercicola Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VII. 9.
Biology: Askew, 1965. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 34: 4.
Elachistiis proxi)iiU!i Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 340. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 32 (4): 175 (synonymy; lectotype
designated).
pallipes (Provancher). Ont.
Caccophagun(l) pallipes Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune. Ent. Canada Hym., p. 206.
9.
Coccoplutgita pullidipes Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 226. Emend.
Ta.xonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1257.
uroplatae (Howard). N. B., Que., Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Ecology:
Prefers hosts that are leaf-miners forming blotch mines on deciduous plants. Host:
Bnliosns ruber (Web.), MIcrorhopala cittato (F.), Odontota sitturaliN Thunb.,
Rliy>ichae)ius pallicontis (Say), XenochalepuN dor.salis (Thunb.); Ancylin comptana
fragariae (W. and R.), Antinpila sp., CcDiieraria hainadryadella (Clem.), Coleopliora sp.,
C. sahiKDii Hein., Gracillaria belfrageella Chamb., Leucanthiza dircella Braun,
Lifhocolletis sp., L. celtisella Chamb., L. cinci)niatiella Chamb., Neurobatlira
strigijhiifello (Clem.), Tisclieria lualifoliella Clem.
Sytupieztts uroplatae Howard, 1885. Ent. Amer. 1: 117. 6.
Sy)iipie>iis u)ncari)iatus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 343. 9.
Biology: Chittenden, 1902. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 38: 82.
Ta.xonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 121.
— Delucchi, 1962. Awamia 5:
60. -Graham, 1963. Soc. Brit. Ent, Trans. 15: 187.
acrobasidis Miller. Va., Fla., Miss., Tex. Acrobasis sp., A. caryivorella Rag., A. indigenella
(ZeW.), A. juglandis (LeB.).
Syiupiesis acrobasidis Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 68: 76. 9, 6.
ancylae Girault. N. B., Que., Ont, N. Y., Md., Va., N. C, Ohio, Tenn., 111., Minn., Iowa, Ark.,
Kans., Alta., Calif. Ecology: Parasitizes hosts that roll leaf margins of deciduous plants.
Host: Ancylis comptana fragariae (W. and R.), Gelechia sp., Sparganotkis sidphureana
(F.).
Biology: Lewis, 1925. Jour. Econ. Ent 18: 609-612. — Balduf, 1959. 111. Biol. Monog. 26: 146.
970 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
argenticoxae Girault. Que., Ont., Md., Va., W. Va., Ohio, Tenn., 111., Mo., Man. Ecology:
Parasitizes hosts living in rolled leaves or between leaves tied together with silk. Host:
Ancylis divisaiia Walk., Coleopliora nialivorella Riley, Psilocorcis quercicella Clem.
Sympiesis argenticoxae Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 120. 9.
bimaculatipennis (Girault). N. B., Que., Maine, s. to Va., w. to Alaska, s. to Calif. Ecology:
Prefers lepidopterous hosts that make blotch mines or skeletonize leaves of deciduous
plants; has been recorded as parasitizing leaf rollers. Host: Agonopterix posticella
(Wlsm.), AncyliH coinptana fragariae (W. and R.), Litliocolletis sp., L. hlanchardella (P.),
Ornix sp., Parornix gennnatella (Pack.), Spilonota lariciana (Hein.), S. ocellana (D. and
S.), Tinclteria malifoliella (Clem.).
Asticlius bimaculatipennis Girault, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 8. 9.
Sympiesis bimaculata Crawford. 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 259. 9.
Sympiesis meteori Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 37. 9.
Ecology: Parasitizes hosts that make blotch or tentiform mines in the leaves of
deciduous plants; ectoparasitic on host larvae. Host: Bucculatrix sp., Caloptilia
rliombifoliella (Chamb.), Canieraria caryaefoliella (Clem.), C. ha7)tadryadella (Clem.),
Clioristoneura conflictana (Walk.), Coleopliora pruniella Clem., Coleotechnites milleri
(Busck), Epinotia laracana Kft., Gracillaria alnivorella Chamb., G. azaleella Brants, G.
necjiundella Chamb., Litliocolletis sp., L. alnicolella Wlshm., L. blancardella (F.), L.
cincinnatiella (Chamb.), L. crataegella Clem., L. lucetiella Clem., L. salicifoliella
Chamb., L. tremuloidella Braun, Nepticula sp., Parornix geminatella (Pack.),
Pliyllocnistis sp., Tischeria malifoliella Clem.; Sciapliila sp.; Apanteles sp.
Metacolus conicus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 200. 9.
Coccopliagiis cotnpressicornis Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p.
206. 9.
Sympiesis nigripes Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VII. 9, cj.
Sympiesis 7nassasoit Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 258. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1257, 1259.
Biology: Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 81. —Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc.
Canada, Mem. 68: 42.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 36-37. -Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent.
33: 130.
enargiae Miller. N. B., Que., Ont., N. W. T., B. C. Ecology: Parasitic on lepidopterous larvae
that hide between leaves tied with silk or in rolled or curled leaves. Host: Enargia
decolor (Walk.).
Sympiesis enargiae Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 68: 42. 9, 6.
fragariae Miller. Conn., Pa., Del., Md., Va., W. Va., Ga., Ohio, Wis., Kans. Ecology: Parasitizes
lepidopterous larvae that live within rolled leaves or within cases. Host: Ancylis
com plana fragariae (W. and R.), Anthophila pariana (Clerck), Argyrotaenia vehitinana
(Walk.), Coleopliora malivorella Riley, Tetralopha robustella Zell.
Sympiesis fragariae Miller, 1970. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 68: 68. 9,6.
marylandensis Girault. N. B. and Que., s. to Va., w. to B. C, s. to Calif. Ecology: Parasitizes
lepidopterous hosts that make blotch mines in deciduous leaves. Host: Caloptilia
elongella (L.), Coleotechnites thujaeella Kearf., LithocoUetis sp., L. basistrigella Clem.,
L. blancardella (F.), L. celtisella Chamb., L. crataegella Clem., L.felinelle Hein., L.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 971
p. 7. 9.
Sympiesis lexingtonensis Girault, 1917 (Aug.). Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum
Observ. V, p. 6. 9.
marylandia Girault. Que., Ont., N. H., Md., Minn. Ecology: Has been reared from oak leaves,
probably from leaf miners.
Sy»ipiesis marilandia Girault, 1917. Chalcidoidea Nova Marilandensis, p. 1. 9.
Sympiesis marylandia Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
427. Emend.
stigmata Girault. 111., Sask., Wyo., Alta., Idaho, Ariz., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Parasitizes
leaf miners or case bearers on deciduous leaves. Host: Coleophora pruniella Clem.,
Gracilkiria negundella Ch&mh., Lithocolletis felinelle Hein., Tischeria omissa Braun.
Sympiesis stiguiatus Girault, 1917 (May). Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 15. 9.
Sympiesis substigmatus Girault, 1917 (Aug.). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 447. 9.
stigmatipennis Girault. N. B., Que., Ont., s. to S. C, w. to B. C, s. to Calif. Ecology: Parasitic
on lepidopterous larvae mining foliage of coniferous plants as well as others having
deciduous foliage; it is possible these are alternate hosts. Host: Argyresthia thuiella
(Pack.), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.), Chrysoestliia sexguttella (Thunb.), Coleophora
eleaguisella Kearf., Coleotechnites apicitripunctella (Clem.), C. gibsonella (Freem.), C.
milleri (Busck), C. starki (Freem.), Exoteleia dodecella (L.), E. pinifoliella (Chamb.),
Keiferia lycopersicella (Wlsm.), Ocnerosto))ia piniariella Zell., Phthorimaea operculella
(Zell.), Polyhymno luteostrigella Chamb., Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), R.fnistraiia
(Comst.).
Sy))ipiesis stigiiiatipennis Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 14. 9,6.
Sympiesis guttatipennis Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 15. 9.
Biology: Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427: 33-38.
tricladus (Provancher). Ont.
Eidophus tricladus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 208. 9, 6.
Ta.xonomy: Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpt. (1):
126-129. -Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 123, 125, 134.
Biology: Dudich, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpt. (1): 188. —Thompson and
Parker, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 59: 17. —Sachtleben, 1930. Internatl. Corn Borer
Invest., Sci. Rpt. 3: 52, 108-111. —Parker and Smith, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 21-39.
— Baker and Bradley, 1940 (1939). Sixth Pacific Sci. Cong., Proc. 4: 332-333. Wishart, —
1943. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 73: 28-29. —
Arbuthnot, 1953. North Central States Br.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Proc. 8th Ann. Meet, pp. 30-31. —
Blickenstaff et al., 1953. Iowa State
Col., Jour. Sci. 27: 360.—York et al., 1955. Jour. Econ. Ent. 48: 765. —Clausen, 1956. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 129-130.
—
Rolston et al., 1958. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui.
819: 20. -Peters et al., 1961. Mo. U. Coll. Agr., Res. Bui. 757: 14. —
Hazdistevic, 1961.
Zast. Bilja 65-66: 107. -Goos, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. (B) 37-38: 66. Hudon, 1965.—
Phytoprotection 46: 113.
—
Frye, 1971. N. Dak. Res. Rpt. 27: 1-16.
972 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Boucek, Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 150 (? syn. of artynes Walker).
1959.
Biology: Hanson, Carlson, and Breakley, 1948. Wash. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 498: 14-15.
— Walz,
1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 220.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 145 (synonymy; lectotype
designated).
oregonensis Gahan. Oreg. Host: Hypera nimicis (L.).
Necremnus oregonensis Gahan, 1941. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 31: 197, 200. 9, 6.
Biology: Chamberlin, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 107 (Necremnus sp.).
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 144. — Hedqvist, 1963. Stud.
Forest. Suecica 11: 142.
americanus (Girault). N. Y., D. C, Md., Va., Colo.
Hemiptarsenoideus americanus Girault, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 51: 47.9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Fagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 43. — Ferriere, 1952. Soc.
Veneziana Storia Nat., Bol. 6: 176. —Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent, Trans. 13: 178. —Peck,
1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 102-104.
begini (Ashmead). Que., N. H., N. Y., Md., Ind., Kans., Wyo., N. Mex., Idaho, Calif.; Mexico.
Host: AgroDiyza panucornis Loew, Pliytomyza albiceps Meig., P. atricornis Meig.
Diaulus begini Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 356, 372. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 315.
pulchripes (Crawford). Ont., N. Y., Md., Ind., 111., Mich., Host: Agromyza parvicortiis Loew,
Liriomyza nielauipyga (Loew), Phytobia posticata (Meig.), Sargus lucens Loew.
Diaulinus pulchripes Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 184. 9.
websteri (Crawford). Maine, Mass., N. Y., Kans., Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Agromyza
paruiconiis Loew, Cerodontha dorsalis (Loew), Meoneura obscurelia (Fall.), Phytobia
arteniisiae (Kalt.).
Diaulinus websteri Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 184. 9, cJ.
Biology: Webster and Parks, 1913. Jour. Agr. Res. 1: 78-79. —Hills and Taylor, 1951. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 44: 760.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 141 (lectotype designated).
974 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 185. — Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym.
Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 2. — Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
Jour. 36: 316.
longifasciata Girault. Que., Ont., N. J., Ind. Host: Phytobia angulata (Loew).
Notanisomorpha longifasciata Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum
Observ. Ill, p. 2. 9.
meromyzae Gahan. Ind., N. Dak., S. Dak., Kans. Host: Meromyza americana Fitch.
Notanisomorpha meromyzae Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 216. 9, 6.
nevadensis Girault. Nev.
Notanisoniorpha nevadensis Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ
III, p. 1. 9.
noncarinata Girault. Ariz.
Notanisoviorpha noncarinata Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum
Observ. Ill, p. 1. 9.
Euloplius Geoffroy, 1762. Hist. Abrege des Insectes, v. 2, p. 312. Not available, teste
Opinion 228, Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., 1954.
Type-species: Ichneumon raniiconiis Fabricius. Desig. by Latreille, 1810.
Eiilophits OHvier, 1791. Encycl. Meth., v. 6, p. 454.
Type-species: Ichneumon ra)nicornis Fabricius. Monotypic.
Comedo Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica 2, pt. 2, p. 315.
Type-species: Ichneumon larvarum Linnaeus. Monotypic.
Cratotechus Thomson, 1878. Hym. Scand., v. 5, pp. 208, 219.
Type-species: Ichneumon larvarum Linnaeus. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Cratotrechus Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 55. Emend.
Coviedo subg. Onychocomedo Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 183.
Type-species: Eulophus thespius Walker. Orig. desig.
Revision: Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 186-188 (coviedo).
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 160. — Gijswijt, 1964. Ent. Ber.
24: 31 (Eulophus Muller, 1764).
anomocerus (Crawford). Que., Ont., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Va., W. Va., Mich., N. Dak. Host:
Anthophila paria)ia (Clerck), Schizura unicornis (Smith).
Comedo anomocerus Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 187. 9,6.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 81, 154.
— Raizenne,
Canad. Dept. Agr., Forest Lep. and Par., p. 91.
1952.
basalis Say. Ind., Mo.
Eulophus basalis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 273. 9.
Comedo omari Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 9. 9.
brevicapitatus (Cook and Davis). Que., Mass., Mich., La. Host: Euplexia benesimilis McD.,
Heteroca)>ipa bilineata (Pack.), H. nianteo (Dbldy.), Syvimerista albifrons (Smith).
Cratotechus brevicapitatus Cook and Davis, 1891. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 73: 12. 9, 6.
Biology: Dimmock, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 150. —Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S.
Biology: Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 43, 81.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 975
Taxonomy: Fitch, 1856. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 15: 448-449. -Howard, 1897. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 28. -Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 201.
Biology: Raizenne, 1952. Canad. Dept. Agr., Forest Lep. and Par., pp. 39, 49, 92, 97, 109, 257.
smerinthi (Ashmead). Ont., N. H., Mass., Md. Host: Alsophila poinetaria (Harris), Aniphipyra
pyramidoidea Guen., Paonias excaecata (Smith).
CratotechuH smerinthi Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 158. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 201. —Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent.
95: 1257.
Biology: Dimmock, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 150. —Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 52, 154.
Microplectron Dahlbom, 1857. Ofvers. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 14: 292 (no species).
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 145. — Finlayson, 1960. Canad.
Ent. 92: 37-44 (immature stages).
Biology: Morris and Cameron, 1935. Bui. Ent. Res. 26: 407-418. -Ullyett, 1936. Bui. Ent.
Res. 27: 195-217. -Ullyett, 1936. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 120: 253-291. -Dowden,
1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32: 623. —Miller, 1940. U. S. Bur. Ent. Plant Quar. ET-161: 1-5.
— Balch, 1941 (1940). N. S. Dept. Lands and Forests, Rpt., pp. 72-74. —Wilkes, 1942. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 130: 400-415. —Wilkes, 1947. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B)
134: 227-245. —Burnett, 1951. Amer. Nat. 85: 337. —Reeks, 1953. Canad. Jour. Agr. Sci. 33:
408. -Burnett, 1953. Ecology 34: 322. -Coppel, 1954. Canad. Ent. 86: 168. -Burnett,
1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 55. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139:
101-102. -Riordan, 1957. Canad. Jour. Zool. 35: 603. —Burnett, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 279.
-Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 587.
— Milin, 1959. Zast. Bilja 51: 40.
— Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 38 {fuliginosus (Nees)).
—
Szmidt, 1960. Anz. f.
Schadlingsk. 33: 20. —Szmidt, 1961. Poznan. Wyzsza Skola Roln. Rocz. Dodatek 6: 11.
-Kepler and Benjamin, 1960. Forest Sci. 6: 262.
—
Bobb, 1962. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 57:
102. —Bobb, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 620. —Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 498.
976 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
—Morris, Schroeder, and Bobb, 1963. Pine Sawfly in Va., Va. Div. Forestry, pp. 15-16.
—Wilkes, 1964. Science 144: 305-307 (fuliginosns (Nees)). —
Avramenko, 1964. Zashch.
Rast. Vred. Boleznei 9: 53. —
Pschorn-Walcher, 1964. Pflanzenschutz 31: 62. —Becker and
Benjamin, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 356. —Bobb, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 926.
— Kolonits, 1965. Erdeszeti Kutat. 61: 231. —Rose, 1965. Canad. Dept. Forestry, Forest
Ent. and Path., Ann. Rpt. p. 89. —Rose and Sippell, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 41. Stadnitskii, —
1966. Zashch. Rast. Vred. Boleznei 11: 50. -Byers and Wilkes, 1970. Canad. Jour. Zool. 48:
959-964.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 29-30. —Proper,
1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 362. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 82.
-Kulman, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 68.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 66.
marylandica Girault. Md. Type of this sp. lost and no other specimens known.
Dimrnockia marylandica Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 202. 9.
pallipes Muesebeck. Mass., Wis., 111. Ecology: Probably always secondary. Host: Apanteles sp.,
A. ntelanoscelus (Ratz.).
Dimrnockia pallipes Muesebeck, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 333. 9, d.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 30. —Forbes et al,
1961. Canad. Dept. Forestry, Ann. Rpt., p. 33.
Biology: Thorpe, 1933. Bui. Ent. Res. 24: 277-280. —Graham, 1944. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann.
Rpt. 74: 50-51.
—
Pschorn-Walcher, 1964. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 4:
27.
Tribe EUPLECTRINI
Ta.xonomy: Ferriere, 1941. Bui. Ent. Res. 32: 17-48 (fauna of Europe, Asia, Africa). Gadd, —
1945. Bui. Ent. Res. 36: 331-337 (generic characters). —
Boucek, 1957. In Kratochvil, Klic
Zvireny CSR 2: 270. —Lin, 1963. Taiwan Mus., Quart. Jour. 16: 102 (Oriental fauna).
Biology: Silvestri, 1911. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 308.
—
Lacroix, 1924. Ent.
News 35: 217. -Thomsen, 1927. Dansk. Naturalhist., Meddel. 84: 73-89. Beckwith, 1929. —
N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 37: 415. -Bischoff, 1929. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 24: 78-82.
— Steiner, 1936. Ztschr. f Angew. Ent. 23: 212-214.
mellipes Provancher. Que., Ont., Maine, N. H., Wis., Alaska. Host: Coleophora laricella (Hbn.),
Feral ia jocosa (Guen.).
Euplectnts mellipes Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 207. ?.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1258.
Biology: Guppy, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 426. —Evans, 1960. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 53: 566.
—Evans, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 597.
pachyscapha Girault. Kans.
Eiiplectrus pocliyacaplia Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. 2. 9, 6.
plathypenae Howard. N. J., s. to Fla., w. West Indies, Cent, and S.
to Nebr., Kans., Tex.;
Amer. Host: Diatraea saccliaralia Heliothis zea (Boddie), Leucania latiuscula
(F.),
(H.-S.), Mandnca aexta (L.), Periclronia viargaritosa (Haw.), Plathypena scabra (F.),
Pneudaletia unipuncfa (Haw.), Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), S.fnigiperda (J. E. Smith), S.
ornitliogalli (Guen.), S. fUDiia (Guen.).
Euplectrmil) platyliypenae{l) Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 26. 9, cJ.
Biology: Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 16-21, 42-45, 55-59. -Crumb, 1929.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 88: 155. -Simmonds, 1932. Agr. Jour. Fiji 5: 8. —Wilson, 1933.
Fla. Ent. 17: 3, 7-12. -Clausen, 1956. Pan-Pacific Ent. 32: 126. —Bennett, 1961. Tenn.
Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 353. —Marin Acosta, 1966. Agron. Trop. 16: 155. —
Burrell, 1967. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 60: 114.
semimarginatus Girault. Tex.
EuplectniN seiiii)nargi)iatiis Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ.
V,p. 1. 9.
Tribe ELACHERTINI
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1957. In Kratochvil, Klic Zvireny CSR 2: 270.
Paraolinx Ashmead, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 166.
Type-species: Paraolinx lineatifrons Ashmead. Monotypic.
Leucodes)iiia Howard, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 403.
Type-species: LeucodeHinia typica Howard. Monotypic.
Revision: Miller, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1352-1362.
canadensis Miller. Que., Maine, Fla., Ohio, Calif.; Me.xico. Ecology: An external parasite of
343.
Type-species: Stenomesius pulclielliis Westwood. Desig. by Westwood,
1840.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 145 (lectotype designated).
Elachertus Spinola, 1811. Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Ann. 17: 151.
cacoeciae Howard. N. H., Mass., N. J., Pa., D. C, Va., Mo., Utah, Oreg. Host: Ancylis
cowptana fragaviae (W. and R.), Arcliips argyrospiltiti (Walk.), Cltoristoneura rosaceana
(Harr.), Argijrotaenia velufinana (Walk.), Heterocanipa giiffivitta (Walk.), Hyphantria
ciinea (Drury), Schiziira iDiiconiia (Smith); EiilopliuN orgyiae (Fitch).
Elacliistiis cacoeciae Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 28. 6.
Biology: Carolin and Coulter, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 552.
cidariae Ashmead. N. H., Mass. Host: Lygriti divemilineata (Hbn.).
Elachistm cidariae Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 157. 9.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p. 5.
coxalis Howard. D. C, Va., Mich., Calif. Host: Pamlobeaia viteana (Clem.), Paroniix
geminatella (Pack.).
ElachiHius coxalin Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 28. 9.
Biology: Hill and Hough, 1957. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 130: 16.
glacialis Ashmead. Colo., Alaska, Wash., Oreg. Host: Barbara colfaxiana (Kearf.), Mellisopus
latiferreaiuis (Wlsm.).
ElacluHtuK glacialia Ashmead, 1902 Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 147. 9, 6.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 37, 155.
— Raizenne,
1952. Canad. Div. Forest Biol., Forest Lep. S. Ont. and Par., p. 31.
louisiana (Girault). La.
Epardaliis louisiana Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p.
5. 9.
marylandicus Girault. Mass., Conn., N. J., Md. Host: Diacrisia virginica (F.), Hyphantria
cunea (Drury).
ElachintuH marylandicus Girault, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 112. 9.
Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 36, 155. —Swain,
1937. Ent. News 48: 246.
multidentatus (Girault). Fla.
Parentedon multidentatus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ.
Ill, p. 5. 9.
pini Gahan. Maine, Vt., Mass., Va., Mich. Host: Dioryctria sp., Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.).
Elachertns pini Gahan, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 547. 9,6.
spilosomatis Howard. N.J. Host: Diacrisia virginica (F.). Described only by a figure of pupae.
Elachistus spilosomatis Howard, 1891. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 4: 195.
9.
Biology: Dohanian, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 837, 840. —Miller and Altmann, 1958. Ohio
Jour. Sci. 58: 278-280. -Keen, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 95.
rhyacioniae Gahan. Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Ark., Tex. Host: Dioryctria abietella D. and S.,
Biology: Slate, 1936. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 381: 181. —Friend, Plumb, and Hicock, 1938.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 31: 511. -Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53: 61-62. —Miller and Altman,
1958. Ohio Jour. Sci. 58: 278-280. -Keen, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1169: 95.
—
-Watson and Arthur, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 480-484. Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Misc. Pub. 767: 84. —
Hartman and Kulman, 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. —
Syme, 1970.
Canad. Ent. 102: 1523-1527. —Syme, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 1691-1696. — Purrington and
Uleman, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 65: 280-281.
Cirrospilopsis Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 3: 263. Preocc. by Brethes, 1913.
Type-species: Cirrospilopsis iiigrivariegatus Girault. Orig. desig.
Giraultia Gahan and Fagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 124: 66. N. name.
fuscipennis (Girault). Md.
Cirrospilopsis fuscipennis Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 293. 9.
metallicus (Girault). Md.
Cirrospilopsis metallicus Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 100. 9.
sapientia (Girault). D. C.
Cirrospilopsis sapientia Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V,
p. 13. 9.
Cirrospiloideus johnso)ii Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill,
p. 7. 9 .
Cirrospilus Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 1:
128.
Biology: Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 366. —Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 226.
-Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 84.
Columbia (Girault). D. C.
Pseudiglypltotnyia coliunbia Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ.
V, pp. 6, 7. 9.
coptodiscae (Girault). Maine, s. to N. J., Ky. Host: Coptodisca splendoriferella (Clem.).
Pseudiglyphomyia coptodiscae Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 266. 9, cJ.
eunapius Walker. Fla.
Cirrospilns Eunapius Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 27. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 143 (lectotype designated).
flavicinctus Riley. Maine, s. to D. C, w. to Kans. and Wash. Host: Arcliips se))iifera)ius
Cirrospilus flarici)ictus Riley, 1883. //; Lintner, First Ann. Rpt. Injurious Ins. N. Y., p.
159. 9,6'.
Cirrospilus fla ro)iiacHlat us Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 341. 9.
Biology: Christensen, 1934. Wis. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 428: 101. —Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 29: 233-234. —Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 84.
flavifacies (Girault). Calif.
Pseudigl yphont yia flavifacies Girault, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 51: 43. 9.
flavoviridis Crawford. Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Agromyza parvicornis Loew, Cerodontka
dorsalis (Loew), Lirioniyza sp.
Cirrospilus flavoviridis Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 317. 9,6.
girauiti Peck. U. S. Host: Bucculatrix sp.
Pseudighiphontyia pulchra Girault, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 51: 45. 9. Preocc. by Masi,
1911.
Cirrospilus girauiti Peck, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 458. N. name.
984 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cirronpiluti ini)uicus Gahan, 1934. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 36: 123. 9,6.
Biology: Marsh, 1938. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 27-29.
marilandi Girault. Conn., Md., N. C. Host: Coptodifica sp.
Cirroapiltis nuirilandi Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. Ill, p.
4. 9.
marilandicus (Girault). Md.
P seudigl yphoni yia viarilandica Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 91. 9.
niger Howard. N.J. Host: Vanessa atalanta (L.); Enloplius sp.
Cinospilus niger Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S. and Canada, p.
1872. 9,6.
nigrivariegata (Girault). Ind., Iowa, Kans., S. Dak. Host: Pawniix geniinatella (Pack.),
Tisclieria malifoliella (Clem.).
Pseudiglyphonniia nigrivariegata Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum
Observ. Ill, p. 7. 9.
ocellatus Girault. Que., Conn., 111. Host: Biicciilatrix canadensisella (Chamb.).
Cirrospiliis ocellatus Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 446. 9.
ovisugosus Crosby and Matheson. N. Y. Host: Poecilocapsus lineatus (F.).
Cirrospihis ovisugosus Crosby and Matheson, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 181. 9, 6.
pictus (Nees). Que., Ont., Maine; Europe. Introduced from Europe for biological control; first
liberated in Ontario in 1935. Host: Coleophora laricella (Hbn.); Fenusa pusilla (Lep.),
Heterarfhrus )ie»iorafus (Fallen).
Eulopltus pictus Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 165. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1933. In Thorpe, Bui. Ent. Res. 24: 289-290.
Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757: 8-9, 37-41.
— Sundby, 1958 (1957).
Norsk. Ent. Tidsk., Sup. 2, pp. 18-21.
pulcheria Girault. Kans.
Cirrospilus pulcheria Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p.
8. 9.
Hippocephalus Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App., p. VII. Preocc. by
Swainson, 1839.
Type-species: Hippocephalus midtilineatus Ashmead. Monotypic
Zagranniiosonia Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 354. N. name.
Zagrannuatosonia Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 142. Emend.
Atoposoma Masi, 1907. Lab. Zool. Gen.
Agr. Portici, Bol. 1: 276.
e.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1959. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 33: 172-173 (subgenus of Cirrospilus).
Zagmmiiiosowa nigroliueata Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 257. "9" = 6.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 551.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 146 (lectotype designated).
Subfamily ENTEDONTINAE
Tribe EUDERINI
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1956. Rov. Kozlem. (n. s.) 9: 2 (tribe). —Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent.,
Trans. 13: 203 (subfamily). -Boucek, 1963. Beitr. z. Ent. 13: 257 (subfamily).
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 146.
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1931. Bui. Ent. Res. 22: 134. —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 197.
acrobasis (Crawford). N. S., Que., Ont., N. Y., W. Va., Ga., Fla., Tex., Alta., Idaho. Host:
Acrobasi.s carijae (Grote), A. jiiglandis (LeB.), Laspeyresia po)nonella (L.).
Secodella acroba>iis Crawford, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 143. 9,6.
Biology: Balduf, 1959. 111. Biol. Monog. 26: 74. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub.
767: 85. -Eidt and Sippell, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 16. —
Eidt, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 34
(hyperparasite).
—
Daviault and Ducharme, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 697.
elongatus Ashmead. Fla. Type fragmentary; unrecognizable.
Eiidenis elongatux Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 201. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 144.
lividus (Ashmead). Fla. This species has been misidentified from India, and has been confused
with Chrysochoris lit'idus Ashmead in Nearctic literature. The latter is a quite
different. Neotropical species, the type of which may be in the British Museum; it is
rubriscapus (Girault). N. S., Que., Ont, Mass., N. Y., Md., Va., W. Va., N. C.
Secodella rugosus var. rubriscapus Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 36. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog., Sup. 2: 232 (changed to species).
rugosus (Crawford). N. S., Que., Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Minn., Kans., Okla.
Secodella rugosus Crawford, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 143. 9.
saperdae Miller. Ont., Minn., Sask. Host: Saperda nioesta LeC.
Euderus saperdae Miller, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 1070. 9, S.
solidaginis Yoshimoto. Ont. Host: Canipoplex depressus Viereck.
Euderus solidaginis Yoshimoto, 1971. Canad. Ent. 103: 566. 9.
subopacus (Gahan). N. S., Que., Ont., Mass., Va., W. Va., Ohio, La., Man., Sask., Alta., Calif.
Host: Cylindrocopturus eatoni Buchanan; Acrobasis caryae Grote, Grapholitha violesta
(Busck), Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), R.frustra)ia (Comst.), Spilonota ocellana (D.
and S.); Bracon cariabilis (Prov.).
Secodella subopaca Gahan, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 548. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Masi, 1925. Soc. Ent. Ital, Bol. 57: 84. —Costa Lima, 1959. Acad. Brasil. de Cien.,
An. 31: 122. —
Bouceit, 1963. Beitr. z. Ent. 13: 273 (key to European species). —Yoshimoto,
1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 658 (key to Nearctic species).
arithmeticus (Foerster). N. C, Ind., 111., Idaho, Ariz., Calif.; Europe. Ecology: Emerged from
bracket fungi, Polyporus and Porta, containing cisid beetles.
Euderus ariflnHeticua Foerster, 1851. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 8: 18. 9.
arizonensis Ashmead. Ariz. Type missing; this may not be Astichus.
AsiichuN arizonentiia Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 101. 3.
auratus Ashmead. Fla. Ecology: Emerged from cynipid gall. Host: Neurotents
quercufiniinutiHsiinus Ashm. Types in very poor condition; this almost certainly is not
Astichus.
Astichus auratus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 200. 9.
notus Yoshimoto. Que., Ont. Ecology: Emerged from bracket fungi, Polyporus and
Ganodenua, containing beetles.
Astichus notus Yoshimoto, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 656. 9,6.
pulchrilineatus Gahan. N. Y., Va., N. C, Idaho., Ariz., CaHf.; Mexico. Ecology: Emerged from
bracket fungi, Poli/porus, Porus, Cryptoporus, containing cisid beetles. Host: Brachycis
sp., B. brei'icollis Casey, Ceracis sp.
Astichus pHlchrilineatus Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 28. 9, 6.
Tribe TETRASTICHINI
Taxonomy: Kurdjumov, 1913. Russk. Ent. Obozr. 13: 243-256 (Palearctic spp.; Russian text
transl. into French by Nowicki, 1927. Eos 3: 513-517). — Ferriere, 1960. Acta Hym. 1:
105-106 (key to genera). —Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 34-64 (European spp.).
— Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach., (2) 6: 61-204 (key to genera; species groups
of Palearctic spp.). —Domenichini, 1966. Index Palearctic Tetrastichinae, Le Francois, 101
pp.
Taxonomy: Gahan and Peck, 1946. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 36: 316.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1912. Canad. Ent. 44: 50-52. —Burks, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 82.
-Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 144 (synonymy).
nigrocyanea (Ashmead). D. C, N. C, Fla., La., Tex., Calif. Host: Belonocnema treatae Mayr.
Gyrolasia nigrocyaneus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 134. 9.
Tamarixia Mercet, 1924. R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., Bol. 24: 57.
Type-species: Tamarixia bicolor Mercet. Orig. desig.
A7iellaria Bakkendorf, 1934. Ent. Meddel. 19: 8.
Taxonomy: Bakkendorf, 1953. Ent. Meddel. 26: 564. —Boucek, 1961. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta
Ent. 34: 475-476 (Sphenolepis). —Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 34-64 (all spp. in
Aprostocetus). —Burks, 1962. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 19: 306-307. (Proposal for suppression
of Tetrastichus Walker, 1842). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30, pp. 120-156 (Nearctic
catalog).
—
Domenichini, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 33-38 (par. of Coleoptera). Domenichini, —
1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2) 6: 65-194 (Palearctic species groups). —Domenichini,
1966. Palearctic Tetrastichinae, Le Francois, pp. 15-54 (Palearctic catalog and host list).
— Domenichini, 1967. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2) 8: 75-110 (Palearctic spp.).
acutus Ashmead. Fla. Type lost.
Tetrastichus acutus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 134. 3.
asparagi Crawford. S. Canada, Eastern U. S., Utah., Ariz., Wash., Oreg.; Europe. Probably
introduced with its host plant. Host; Criocerus asparagi (L.).
Eulophus coeruleus Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 174. 9.
Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 150. 9. Consensus of
opinion is that the name asparagi should be retained for this species because of wide
usage in the economic literature. See Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 39-40 and
Domenichini, 1966. Palearctic Tetrastichinae, Le Francois, p. 19. It may be desirable to
refer this matter to the Commission.
Biology: Howard, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 257-260. —Russell and Johnston, 1912. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 5: 429. —Johnston, 1915. Jour. Agr. Res. 4: 303. —Ross, 1915. Agr. Gaz. Canada 2:
992 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
1055. — Paillot, 1917. Ann. du Serv. des Epiphyt. 4: 335. —Chittenden, 1923. Oreg. Bd.
Hort., Rpt. 17: 187. -Felt, 1923. N. Y. State Ent, Rpt. 35: 92. -Beaulne, 1935. Quebec
Soc. Protect. Plants, Ann. Rpt. 27: 59. —
Sweetman, 1936. Biol. Control of Insects, pp.
145-146. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 53. -Askew, 1971. Parasitic
Insects, p. 136.
auplopus Burks. Va. Host: Anplopita sp.
Tetmstichui^ auplopui^ Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 55. 9.
baldufi Burks. 111. Host: Neurotenis quercuHverriicariini (0. S.), gall.
TetmsticliuH baldufi Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 540. 9, d.
banksii Howard. N. J., D. C, Fla., Ala., Mo. Ecology: In sacs of epeirid spiders.
Tetmstichtts banksii Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 299. 9.
barbarae Burks. Mont., N. Me.x., Oreg. Ecology: In Abiea cones infested with Barbara
colfaxiaua (Kearf.), Pi)tus poiidero.sa cones, PHeiidotsiiga Dienziesii cones; possibly
secondary.
Tetrasticluis barbarae Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 52. 9, cJ.
brevistigma Gahan. N. H., Mass., Conn., R. I., N. Y., D. C, Ohio, Ind., Ky., Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Host: Pi/rrlialta litteola (Muller) pupae. This parasite is native to North America and its
host is introduced; its original host must have been some related, native chrysomelid.
Tetrastich us brevistigma Gahan, 1936. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 38: 76. 9, d.
Biology: Berry, 1938. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 485, 11 pp. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1139: 67.
bruchivorus Gahan. France. Introduced, but not established in N. C, Oreg. from France. Host:
Bnichits brachialis Fahr.
Tetrastich lis bruchi corns Gahan, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 8. 9, cJ.
Biology: Urbahns, 1917. Jour. Agr. Res. 8: 277-282. —Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 12:
167. -Urbahns, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 812: 17. -Nikolskaya, 1932. Zashch. rast. 1:
107-111. —Nikolskaya, 1934. Nikhl. nauch. iss. khlopk. inst. (Tashkent) 4-5: 120-122.
—Butler and Hansen, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 224-226. —
Neunzig and Gyrisco, 1959.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 899. —
Carrillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Tech. Bui. 86: 25, 31. —Batiste, 1967. Hilgardia 38: 463. —Watts and Bellotti, 1967. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 60: 961.
byersi Burks. Mich., Ind. Host: Dolichopeza aviericana Needham, D. walleyi (Alex.) pupae.
Tetrastich us byersi Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 53. 9, cJ.
cassidis Burks. Md., La. Host: Deloyala guttata (Oliv.), Metriova bicolor (F.), larvae.
Tetrastich ns cassidis Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 555. 9,6.
centricolae (Ashmead). N. C. Ecology: Reared from gall of Atrusca quercuscentricola (0. S.).
parasites of the Hessian fly. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say), Dasineura leguminicola
(Lintner).
Cirrospihis charoba Walker, 1840 (1839). Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 30. 9. This name does not
have strict priority over other Walker names for this sp., but was selected by Graham
(1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 51) because of usage. Graham lists 12 European synonyms
of charoba.
Tetrastichus carinatus Forbes, 1885. 111. State Dept. Agr., Trans. 22 (App.): 48. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 138-142, 144. —Hill and
Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 10-13. —Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag.
97: 51-52 (extensive European synonymy). —
Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach.
(2) 6: 155-156 (synonymy).
Biology: Hill et ah, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 4-7, 10-15. —
Lapina, 1948. Zool.
Zhur. 27: 331. -Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 923: 3.
chlamytis Ashmead. Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Miss., Minn., Tex., and Utah. Host: Chlamisus sp.,
C. gibbosiis (F.), Exetna dispar Lacordaire, E. monnona Karren.
Tetrastichus chlainytis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 234. 9, 6.
chrysopae (Crawford). Md., s. to Fla., w. to Minn., La., Mont., Oreg. and Calif.; Mexico, West
Indies, Brazil. Host: Chrysopa sp., C. califomica Coq., C. oculata Say, C. plorabunda
Fitch, C. rnfilabris Burm.
Geniocenis chrysopae Crawford, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 584. 9.
Aprostoceroloides annapolis Girault, 1917. Chalcidoidea Nova Marilandensis. II, p. 2. 9.
clito (Walker). Ont., N. Y., Pa.; Europe. Adventive, first found in Ont. in 1951. Host: Cassida
nibiginosa Mull.
Cirrospihis clito Walker, 1840 (1839). Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 30. <J.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 39. -Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 128.
Biology: Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 284. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Misc. Pub. 767: 38, 82.
cormus Burks. 111. Host: Aulacidea podagrae (Bass.) gall, Heviadas nubilipennis (Ashm.) gall.
The record from Houadas is questionable.
Tetrastichus conttus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 579. 9,6.
crino (Walker). Pa., Md., S. C, Ark., Okla., Tex.; Europe. Host: Oecanthus sp., 0. nigriconiis
quadripunctatus Beut. eggs.
Cirrospihis crino Walker, 1838. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 382. 6.
Tetrastichus dispar Silvestri, 1920. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 14: 249. 9,6.
Preocc. by Masi, 1916.
Tetrastichus oecanthivorus Gahan, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 743. N. name for dispar
Silvestri.
Tetrastichus oecanthivorus var. compar Gahan, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 743. 9, S.
Tetrastichus dubius Bakkendorf, 1955. Ent. Meddel. 27: 152. 6.
Taxonomy: Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2) 6: 136. —Domenichini, 1966.
Palearctic Tetrastichinae, Le Francois, p. 27.
994 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Udine and Pinckney, 1940. Pa. Acad. Sci., Proc. 14: 81-83.
Biology: Hamilton, 1924. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 269: 32.
dolosus Gahan. Md., Va., Ohio, Iowa, Ark., La., Kans., Tex., Mont., Idaho, Ariz., Calif. Ecology:
This may be either a primary or secondary parasite. Host: Ancylis comptana fragariae
(W. and R.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), Evora hemidesvia (ZelL), Fascista cercerisella
(Chamb.), Homadaula anisocentra Meyrick, Paromix sp.; Euplectrus comstockii How.,
E. plathypenae How.
Tetrastichus dolosus Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 215. 9,6.
dyrus Burks. Mont., Wyo., Colo. Host: Aphalara curta Caldw., Trioza spp.
Tetrastichus dynis Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 541. 9, d.
flavipes Ashmead. Fla. Ecology: Reared from gall of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Ashmead).
Type lost.
Tetrastichus flavipes Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 135. 9.
flavopictus (Ashmead). Fla. Type lost.
Ceranisus flavopictus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 202. 6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 604 (Transferred to Tetrastichus).
flora (Girault). Md., D. C, Ga., Fla., Tenn. Host: Monarthr opal pus buxi (Lab.).
Aprostocefus flora Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. 3. Prob. described from female.
Epitetrastichus tricolor Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 9. 9.
fumipennis (Girault). N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., Ohio, Ind., 111., Iowa. Host: Asteromyia carbonifera
(0. S.) gall on Solidago.
Neomphaloidella fumipennis Girault, 1917. Chalcidoidea Nova Marilandensis. [I], p. 2. 9.
gala Walker. Fla.
Tetrastichus Gala Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 28. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 995
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit.Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 143.
galactopus (Ratzeburg). East Coast states, w. to Kans.; cosmopolitan. Host: Apanteles
glomeratus (L.), par. o{ Pieris. Other hosts are given in European literature. This
species has been named microgastri or rapo by numerous American and European
authors.
Eulophus galactopus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 169. 9.
Taxonomy: Graham, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 37-38, 47. — Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool.
Biology: Masi, 1908. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 3: 133. —Richards, 1940. Jour. Anim.
Ecol. 9: 270-286. -Delucchi, 1950. Redia 35: 441-450. —Clausen, 1940. Entomophagous
Insects, pp. 143-144. -Wilbert, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 203.
—
Janssen, 1960. Ztschr. f.
Pflanzenkrank. 67: 20. -Mook and Haechk, 1965. Arch. Neerland de Zool. 16: 302.
-Wilkinson, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 1012.
Morphology: Domenichini, 1953. Bol. Zool. Agr. e di Bach. (1) 19: 278.
gallerucae (Fonscolombe). Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Va. Introduced from Europe. Host:
Pyrrhalta luteola (Muller)eggs.
Pteromalus gallerucae Fonscolombe, 1832. Ann. Sci. Nat. 26: 302.
Oomyzus xanthomelaenae Rondani, 1873. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 5: 148.
Taxonomy: Marchal, 1905. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 1905: 81-83. -Boucek, 1957. Mus. Natl.
Pragae, Acta Ent. 31: 177-181. —Domenichini, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 37.
Biology: Marchal, 1905. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 1905: 64-68. —Howard, 1908. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 1: 281-289. —Silvestri, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 273-276. —Howard,
1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 257. -Howard, 1925. Ent. News 36: 129. -Berry, 1938. Jour.
Agr. Res. 57: 859-863.
Morphology: Masi, 1908. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 3: 131-133. -Silvestri, 1910. Lab.
Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 272-273 (larva).
garryana Burks. B. C, Oreg., Wash. Host: Besbicus mirabilis (Kinsey), several cynipid galls on
Quercus garryana.
Tetrastichus gan-yana Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 49. 9, cJ.
Biology: Evans, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 1002-1005. —Evans, 1967. Canad. Ent.
99: 187-196.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 143 (lectotype designated).
hagenowii (Ratzeburg). S. C, Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex.; worldwide. Ecology: Commonly
found in roach-infested, heated buildings throughout North America, but able to exist in
a state of nature only in the far south. Host: Blatta orientalis (L.), Periplaneta
americana (L.), P. mistralasiae (F.), P. bninnea Burm., P.fuliginosa (Serv.), Eurycotis
floridana (Walk.).
Entedon kagenou'ii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 211.
Tetrastichus floridanus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 203. 9, S.
Tetrasticlioidesd) broivni Ashmead, 1905. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 29: 113. 9.
Tetrasticliodes asthenogmus Waterston, 1915. Bui. Ent. Res. 5: 340. 9.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 168. —Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
93: 554. -Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn.-Inst., Misc. Collect. 141: 249. — Domenichini,
1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2) 6: 185.
Biology: Usman, 1949. Current Sci. (India) 18: 407. —Roth and Willis, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 80: 53-72. —Edmunds, 1955. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 48: 210-213. —Cameron, 1955.
Bui. Ent. Res. 46: 137-147. —Cameron, 1957. Bui. Ent. Res. 48: 205-206. —Roth and Willis,
1960. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 141: 251-253.
Biology: Pierce, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 453. —Pierce et a/., 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.
Ent. Bui. 100: 56-63. -Hunter and Pierce, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 114: 142.
ichthyus Burks. Tex. Host: Neurotenis quercusrileyi (Bass.), Xanthoteras emoryi (Ashm.).
Both records are questionable.
Tetrastichus ichthyus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 528. 9,6.
impexus Girault. Va. Host: Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch) gall.
Tetrastichus impexus Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. 2.
incertus (Ratzeburg). Que., N. H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del, Md., Va., W. Va.,
Ky.; Europe. Introduced from Europe. Host: Hypera postica (Gyll).
Eulophus incertus Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 168.
Tetrastichus erdoesi Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2), 6: 99.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 997
johnsoni Ashmead. N. H., Md., Ill, Mo., Ariz. Ecology: Primary parasite of larvae of spider
wasps. Host: Phanagenia bombycina (Cresson), Dipogon sayi Banks.
Tetrastichus johnsoni Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 233. 9.
Cirrospihis jiilis Walker, 1839. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 2: 354. 6, 9.
Cirrospilus Tulis{l) Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 1, p. 333. This mis-spelling was used
in all known literature until 1961.
Biology: Marcovitch, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 169. Gahan, — 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 24: 48-51. —Morgan and Hedlin, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 610. —Appleby and
Neiswander, 1966. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui 980: 6-9.
lasius Burks. Ohio., Tex. Host: Asteromyia agrostis (0. S.).
Tetrastichoidesd) lasiopterae Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 54. 9, S.
Preocc. by Lindemann, 1881.
Tetrastichus lasius Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 596. N. name.
lissus Burks. Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Reared from Astragalus mollissimus. Host: Strymon
melinus Hbn.
Tetrastichus lissus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 527. 9.
marylandensis (Girault). Mass., Md., D. C, Va., Ga., Fla., Ill, Miss., Mo., La. Host: Rhyacionia
frustrana (Comst.), Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.); undet. cecidomyiids.
Epitetrastichus marylandensis Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9:
295. 9.
998 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
microrhopalae Ashmead. Man., N. J., D. C, Va., 111. Host: Microrhopala xerene Newm., M.
vittata (F.).
Tetrantichua viicrorhopalae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 234. 9,6.
milleri Burks. Calif. Ecology: Secondary parasite oi Recurvaria niilleri (Busck).
Tetra.stichns milleri Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 56. 9.
minutus (Howard). Maine and Ont., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Mexico, West Indies,
Central America. Ecology: Probably always a secondary parasite, but often recorded
from primary hosts. Host: Aphis gossypii Glov., A. po7)ii Deg., Lecanium conii Bouche,
L. nigrofasciatuvi Perg., L. persicae (F.), Plienacoccns acericola King, P. helianthi
(CklL), Physokermes insignicola (Craw), Pseudococcus jimiperi Ehrh., P. comstocki
(Kuw.), Pulvinaria bigeloviae Ckll., Saissetia oleae (Oliv.); Adalia bipunctata (L.),
Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), C. sanguinea immaciilata (F.); Coccophagus albicoxa How.,
C. lycimnia (Wlkr.), Anagyrus yuccae (Coq.), Aphycus lounsburyi How., A.
pliysokennis Timb., Blastothrix longipennis How., Chalcaspis phenacocci (Ashm.),
Chrysoplatycerus ferrisi Timb., C. splendens How., Claiisenia purpurea Ishii,
Homalotylus terminalis (Say), Microterys mazzinini Gir., Praon sp., Pseudleptom,astix
squa7)i7nulata Gir., Zarhopalus corvimis (Gir.), Pachyneuron califoniicu7n Gir.
Astichus minuhis Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 369. 6.
Tetrastichus lecanii Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xix. 9.
Tetrastichus blepyri Ashmead, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 302. 9.
Tetrastichus (Tetrastichodes) detrimentosus Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 439.
9, (J.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 19. -Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 93: 580.
Biology: Timberlake, 1924. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 3: 248-251. —Clausen, 1924. Calif. Univ.
Pubs. Ent. 3: 257-266, 286-287. —Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 4: 242,
306-308. —Clancy, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 450-451. —
Judd, 1949. Nova Scotia Inst. Sci.,
Proc. 22: 64-67. -Flanders, 1953 (1952). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 544-547. — Samarasinghe
and Leroux, 1966. Ent. Soc. Quebec, Ann. 11: 234.
modestus Howard. N. H., s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Nebr., and Calif. Ecology: Secondary parasite
of Lepidoptera. Host: Apanteles atalantae (Pack.), A. edivardsii Riley, A. pyraustae
Vier., Microgaster congregatiformis Vier.
Tetrastichus modestus Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S. and
'
nordi Burks. Pa., W. Va., Mich. Host: Agrilus champlaini Frost, A. homi Kerr.
Tetrastichus nordi Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 51. 9, <J.
ovipransus Crosby and Leonard. Va., Ark. Host: Blepkarida rhois (Forst.) eggs.
Tetrastichus ovipransus Crosby and Leonard, 1917. Ent. News 28: 368. 9.
pandora Burks. Oreg. Host: Coloradia pandora Blake.
Tetrastichus pandora Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 530. 9, 6.
paracholus Burks. Ont., N. J., D. C, Va., N. C, Wis., Minn. Host: Gnorimosckema
gallaesolidaginis (Riley).
Tetrastichus paracholus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 551. 9, <J.
pattersonae Fullaway. Utah, Calif. Host: Antron qxiercusechinus (0. S.), Callirhytis
quercuspomiformis (Bass.), Disholcaspis chrysolepidis (Beut.).
Tetrastichus pattersonae Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 280. 9.
Taxonomy: Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30, p. 143. — Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool agr. e di
Bach. (2) 6: 143.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 143.
psyliaephagus Burks. Ariz. Host: Trioza collaris Crawford nymph.
Tetrastichus psyliaephagus Burks, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 54. 9, S.
racemariae Ashmead. Ont., Conn., N. J., Md., Va., Fla., W. Va., Ill, Minn., Nebr., Kans., Okla.,
Ampkibolips quercuscinerea (Ashm.), A. quercuspninus (W.
Tex., N. Mex., Calif. Host:
and R.), A. quercusracemaria (Ashm.), Andricus qtiercusflocci (Walsh), A. lasius
(Ashm.), Callirhytis quercuspomifomiis (Bass.), Disholcaspis cinerosa (Bass.), D.
quercusmamma (Walsh), Heteroecus pacificus (Ashm.), Neuroterus noxius (Bass.), N.
quercusbaiatus (Fitch) galls.
Tetrastickus racemariae Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 134. 9,6.
Tetrastichus califomicus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 203. 9.
Hyperteles flocci Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 203. 9,6.
Tetrastichus phegus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 93: 559. 9,6.
silvaticus Gahan. N. B., Maine, Vt., Conn., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Wis., 111., Minn., N. Dak., Wash.,
Oreg., Calif. Host: Malacosoma disstria Hbn. eggs.
Tetrastichus silvaticus Gahan, 1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 266. 9, 6.
Biology: Hobson, 1939. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 32: 131-136. — Struble and Bedard, 1958.
Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 184.
sobrius Gahan. Fla., Ariz., Calif. Host: Asphondylia sp., A. websteri Felt.
Tetrastichus sobrius Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 12: 166. 9,6.
sokolowskii Kurdjumov. N. Y., Ont., Mo.; Europe, India, Japan, South Africa. Adventive in No.
Amer.; first found in Ont. in 1952. Host: Piutella xylostella (L.).
Tetrastichus sokolowskii Kurdjumov, 1912. Russ. Ent. Obozr. 12: 238. 9,6.
Tetrastichus sokolovskii Kurdjumov, 1913. Russ. Ent. Obozr. 13: 254. Emend.
Biology: Cheerian and Basheer, 1939. Indian Acad. Sci., Proc 9: 87-98. Ullyett, 1947. Dept.
—
Agr. So. Afr., Ent. Mem. 2: 101-106.
—
Harcourt, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 251. Harcourt, —
1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 422. —
Pschorn-Walcher, 1964. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control,
Tech. Bui. 4: 33.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1001
solidaginis Burks. Que., N. H., Ohio, Mich., Utah. Host: Eurosta solidaffinis (Fitch) gall.
Tetrastichus solidaginis Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 534. 9, <J.
spilopteris Burks. N. Mex., Oreg., Calif. Host: Andricus kingi Bass., Dryocosmus bicomis
(McC. and E.), Neuroterus saltatorius (Edw.), galls.
Tetrastichus spilopteris Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 564. 9, d.
stanfordiensis Fullaway. Calif. Ecology: Reared from cynipid galls. Type lost.
Tetrastichus stanfordiensis Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 281. 9.
strobilus Burks. Minn., Mont., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Reared from
pine, spruce, and Douglas fir cones. Host: Barbara colfaxiana (Krft.). Perhaps on other
insects in cones.
Tetrastichus strobilus Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 552. 9,3.
tibialis (Ashmead). Mass., Del, Ont., N. Y., W. Va., Iowa. Ecology: A secondary parasite. Host:
Apanteles sp., Olesicampe sp., Homalotylus sp.
Tetrastichodes tibialis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 344. 9.
Biology: Schwarz, 1909. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 11: 107. — Raizenne, 1957. Canada Dept. Agr.,
Pub. 1009: 8-9.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 479, 483, 498 (immature stages).
turionum (Hartig). Mass., Conn., N. J., Ont., N. Y. Introduced from Europe; first recovered in
Mass. in 1934. Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.).
Eulophus turionum Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. ueber die Fortsch. der Forstw. u. Forstl.
Naturk. 1:268. 9,6.
1002 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Detmers, 1927. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 414: 26-29.
diplosidis Crawford. N. C, s. to Fla., w. to Kans. and Tex.; worldwide in warm-temperate and
tropical zones. Host: Contarinia sorghicola (Coq.).
Aprostocetus diplosidis Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 180. 9, 6.
Biology: Dean, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 85 (4): 55-57. —Walter, 1941. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 778: 18. —
Piore and Viggiani, 1965. Lab. Ent. Agr. Portici, Bol. 23:
1-36.
epidius (Walker). Ont., N. Y., Fla., 111. Ecology: Emerged from undet. gall-maker on
elderberry.
Tetrastichus epidius Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 20: 28. 9.
Aprostocetus granulafus Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 105. 9.
Tetrastichus viicrocosynus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 22. N. name for
grajiulatus Ashmead, unnecessarily proposed.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 142 (synonymy; lectotype
designated).
fidius Girault. Fla., Miss., 111., N. Mex.; West Indies. Host: Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa (0.
Hypertetrastichus Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 15.
Type-species: Hypertetrastichus iihacus Moser. Orig. desig.
ithacus Moser. N. Y., Ohio, W. Va. Host: Moserina maculata Delucchi in Pachypsylla galls.
Hypertetrastichus ithacus Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 15. 9.
Biology: Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 16.
Biology: Edmunds, 1952. Ent. News 63: 143. -Edmunds, 1953. Ent. News 64: 228-229.
—Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 141: 248.
clisiocampae (Ashmead). Conn, and N. Y., s. to S. C, w. to Wis. and Tex. Host: Achatodes zeae
(Harr.), Diatraea crambidoides (Grote), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Malacosoma
americaiiuni (F.), Ostriiiia nubilalis (Hbn.), Sarminoidea exitiosa (Say); Microplitis
gortynae Riley.
Miotropis clisiocampae Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 341. 9.
Biology: Balduf, 1929. Ohio Jour. Sci. 29: 227-228. -Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 370.
-Baker et «/., 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 178.
esurus (Riley). Que. and N. B., s. to Ga., w. to Man., Kans., Tex. Host: Acrobasis juglandis
(LeB.),Alabama argillacea (Hbn.), Anomis erosa (Hbn.), Choristoneura fumiferana
(Clem.), C. pinus Freem., Diatraea saccharalis (F.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck),
Gretchena bolliana (Slingerland), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Malacosoma disstria Hbn.,
Nygmia phaeorrhoea (Donov.), Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith), Porthetria dispar (L.),
Stenojua algidella (Walk.).
Cirrospiius esurus Riley, 1879. Canad. Ent. 11: 162. 9,6.
Syntomosphyrum orgyiae Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 343. 9.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1005
Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 38-39. Driggers, 1931. N.
—
J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 52: 192-193. —Clarke, 1933. Ga. State Bd. Ent., Bui. 77: 30-31,
36. —Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 91-92. —Dixon and Benjamin, 1963.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267.
ischnopterae (Girault). Md., D. C, Fla., Minn. Ecology: Possibly a secondary parasite, attacking
Evaniidae in roach oothecae. Host: Ischnoptera sp., Parcoblatta sp. egg cases.
Epomphaloides ischnopterae Girault, 1917. Ent. News 28: 257. 9, 6.
Biology: Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 141: 249.
orgyiazele Burks, n. name. D. C. Host: Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith).
Tetrastichomyia orgyiae Girault, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 111. 9. Preocc. by
Syntomosphyrum orgyiae Ashmead, 1894.
philodromi (Gahan). Ohio, Nebr. Host: Philodromus aureolus (Oliv.).
Tetrasticlms philodromi Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 18. ?, <J.
Taxonomy: De Santis, 1949. La Plata Univ. Nac, Mus. Notas 14: 276. — Risbec, 1951. Inst.
Franc. d'Afr. Noire, Mem. 13: 90. —Risbec, 1952. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem., Ser. E, 2:
253. — Ferriere, 1960. Acta Hym. 1: 106. — Domenichini, 1965. Bol. Zool. agr. e di Bach. (2)
6: 63-64.
Biology: Balfour-Browne, 1922. Parasitology 14: 349-370. —Parker and Thompson, 1928. Soc.
Ent. de France, Ann. 97: 449-463. —Clausen, 1940. Entomophagous Insects, pp. 141-148.
— Simmonds, 1944. Sci. Agr. 25: 11, 27. —van Lith, 1955. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 98: 29.
— Valkeila, 1959. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 25: 180.
chalybii Ashmead. Throughout U. S. and South. Canad. Ecology: Attacks almost any insect in
laboratory cultures or insectaries, but in nature apparently develops only in aculeate
Hymenoptera and their parasites.
Melittobia chalybii Ashmead, 1892. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 2: 231. 9, S.
Pteromalus gerardi Hickok, 1875. Poughkeepsie Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 1: 131. 9, 6.
Melittobia megalockilae Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 143. Emend.
Chrysocharis aeneus Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 161. 9.
Biology: Packard, 1869. Guide to Study of Insects, p. 206. —Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 2: 247.
Tribe ENTEDONTINI
Genus EUDEROMPHALE Girault
Taxonomy: Compere and Annecke, 1961. Ent. Soc. S. Afr., Jour. 24: 65-68 (Cardiogaster in
Eulophidae). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 238 (Cardiogaster in Entedontinae).
—Graham, 1963. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 15: 273 (Euderomphale in Entedontinae).
flavimedia (Howard). Md., N. Mex., Calif. Host: Aleyrodes sp., A. pruinosa Bemis, A.
spiraeoides Quaint.
Gyrolasia flavimedia Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 369. 6.
Euderomphale fuscipe^mis Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 410. 9.
hyalina (Compere and Annecke). Calif. Host: Aleyrodes sp.
Cardiogaster hyalina Compere and Annecke, 1961. Ent. Soc. S. Afr., Jour. 24: 68. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 93: 509. — Bakkendorf, 1957. Ent. Meddel. 28:
1. —Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 203.
americensis (Girault). Utah, Alta. Ecology: Reared from thrips in alfalfa.
Thripoctenus americensis Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 53: 448. 9.
nubilipennis (Williams). Mass. Host: Cryptothrips rectangularis Hood, Megalothrips spinosus
Hood.
Thripoctenus nubilipennis Williams, 1916. Psyche 23: 54. 9, i.
russelli (Crawford). Calif. Host: Caliothrips fasciatus (Perg.), Frankliniella tritici (Fitch),
Taeniothrips simplex (Mor.), Thrips tabaci Lind.
Thripoctenus russelli Crawford, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13: 233. 9.
Biology: Russell, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 23: 25-52. -Bailey, 1933.
Hilgardia 7: 501-502. -Bailey, 1937. Cahf. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 609: 26.
Biology: Webster, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 185. —Weiss and Nicolay, 1918. Psyche 25:
128-130. — Schedl, 1939. VII Internatl. Kong. Ent, Verh. 3, pp. 2066-2090. —Benjamin,
1955. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1118, pp. 24-26. -Morris, Schroeder, and
Bobb, 1963.
Pine Sawfly in Va., Va. Div. Forestry, p. 13.
tau Girault. Calif.
Closterocenis tau Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 101. 9.
tricinctus (Ashmead). Maine, Ont., s. to Va., w. to Wis., 111., Kans. Host: Microrhopala xerene
(Newm.); Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.), Cameraria guttifinitella (Clem.), Coleotechnites
thujaeella (Kearf.), Coptodisca splendoriferella (Clem.), Cosmopteryx sp., Exoteleia
pinifoliella (Chamb.), Lithocolletis sp., L. lucetiella Clem., L. populiella Chamb., L.
tremuloidella Braun, Pa radon ensia acerifoliella (Fitch), Tischeria inalifoliella
(Clem.);
Agromyza parviconiis Loew, Liriomyza melampyga (Loew), Meoneura obscurella
(Fall.), Phytomyza ilicis Curtis.
Pleurotropis tricincta Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 3: App. p. VIII. 9.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1922. Smithsn. Inst., Ann. Rpt. for 1920, p. 494.
trifasciatus Westwood. Maine, Mass., Minn., S. Dak., Ariz., Cahf.; Europe. Host: Liriomyza
pictella (Thomson).
Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood, 1833. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 420.
utahensis Crawford. Conn., Md., Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Bucciilatrix thurberiella (Busck);
Agromyza parvicornis Loew; Fenusa piisilla (Lep.).
Closterocerus utahensis Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 175. 9.
Biology: Clancy, 1946. Jour. Econ. Ent. 39: 328. —Hills and Taylor, 1951. Jour. Econ. Ent. 44:
760-762.
winnemanae Crawford. Md. Host: Arge pectoralis (Leach).
Closterocerus wimiemanae Crawford, 1912: U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 176. 9, 3.
Taxonomy: Boucek, 1961. Min. Sel. Kruzy. Moldav. SSR, Trudy 7: 28. —Graham, 1963. Soc.
Brit. Ent., Trans. 15: 205.
ainsliei Crawford. Conn., S. C, Wis., Tex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Calif. Host: Coleophora
pniniella Clem.; Agromyza parvicornis Loew, Liriomyza pictella (Thomson).
Chrysocharis ainsliei Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 174. 9, 6.
Biology: Webster and Parks, 1913. Jour. Agr. Res. 1: 79-80. — Oatman, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent.
53: 682.
Taxonomy: Delucchi, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., Mitt. 27: 300 (Epilampsis).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1009
girauiti Yoshimoto. Que., Ont, D. C, Mo., Man., Colo., Alta., B. C. Ecology: Reared from
chloropid on daisy.
Omphalchrysocharis petiolatus Girault, 1918. Ent. News 29: 131. 9, 6. Preocc. in
pallipes (Gahan). Ont., Conn., Md., Ohio, B. C. Host: Rhynchaenus palliconiis (Say); Nepticula
destructor (Say); Fenusa
lindquisti Freem., Phyllocnistis populiella Chamb.; Mayetiola
piisilla (Lep.).
Derostenus pallipes Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 214. 9.
parksi Crawford. N. Y., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Agromyza parvicomis Loew,
Cerodontha femoralis (Meig.), Liriomyza munda Frick, L. pictella (Thomson),
Phytomyza atricomis Meig.
Chrysocharis parksi Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 173. 9, i.
1965. Jour. Econ. Ent.
Biology: Webster and Parks, 1913. Jour. Agr. Res.
1: 79-80. —Harding,
58: 443.
pubicornis (Zetterstedt). Que., Ohio, Man., N. W. T., B. C; Europe. Host: Phytomyza ilicicola
Taxonomy: Boucek and Askew, 1968. Index Palearctic Eulophidae (excl. Tetrastichinae), Le
Francois, p. 116. —
Yoshimoto, 1973. Canad. Ent. 105: 1400.
salutaris (Crosby). N. Y. Host: Nepticula slingerlandella Kearf.
Derostenufi salutaris Crosby, 1911. Canad. Ent. 43: 414. 6.
Biology: Crosby, 1911. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 308: 222.
thomsoni (Crawford). Que., Ont., N. Y., Ind., Alaska, B. C. Host: Phytobia aiignlata (Loew), P.
incisa (Meig.).
Entedon thomsoni Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 316. 9,6.
viridis Provancher. Ont., Ohio. Ecology: Emerges from cynipid galls on Lactnca.
Clirysocliaris viridis Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 209. 9.
Chrysocliaris compressicomis Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 53. 9.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 145.
Biology: Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 14-15. —Rowan, 1971. Fla.
Ent. 54: 63-64.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1011
Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913. Roy. Soc. So. Australia, Trans. 37: 72.
Type-species: Chrysocharis sarcophagus Girault. Orig. desig.
N eoderostenus Girault, 1913. Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 144.
Type-species: N eoderostenus australiensis Girault. Orig. desig.
bipunctatus (Girault). Maine, Md. Host: LithocoUeiis treviuloidiella Braun.
N eoderostenus bipunctatus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 409. 9.
guizoti Girault. Ind.
Achrysocharoides gtdzoti Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V,
p. 11. 9.
titiani Girault. Ind.
Achrysocharoides titiani Girault, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 51: 42. 9.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1913. Soc. Ent. 28: 100. —Girault, 1913. Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 163.
acuminaticornis Girault. D. C.
Achrysocharella acuminaticoniis Girault, 1916. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 51: 50. 9.
acuminativentris Girault. D. C.
Achrysocharella acumiiiativeyitris Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum
Observ. Ill, p. 6. 9.
agromyzae (Crawford). N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Ariz. Host: Agromyza sp.,
Liriomyza sorosis (Will); Mantura floridana (Crotch).
Derostenus agromyzae Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 314, 315. 9, S.
americana Girault. D. C.
Achrysocharella americana Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 295.
arizonensis (Crawford). Utah, Ariz., Calif. Host: Agromyza sp., Liriomyza pictella (Thomson).
Derostenus arizonensis Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 315. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 142.
diastatae (Howard). Conn, to Fla. and Kans. Host: Agromyza parviconiis Loew, Diastata
sp.,
Phytobia angulata (Loew); Fenusa pusilla (Lep.).
Entedon diastatae Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1880, p. 246. 9, S.
Biology: Underbill, 1943. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 349: 22.
leucopus (Ashmead). Ohio, Kans. Ecology: Reared from leaf miner on beech.
Derostenus leucopus Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VIIL 9.
obscurinotata Girault. Md.
Achrysocharella obscurinotata Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 306. 9.
partiaeneiceps Girault. Md.
Achrysocharella partiaeneiceps Girault, 1917. New Eulophidae, p. 1. 9.
pictipes (Crawford). Md., S. C, Ind., Kans., Colo., Utah. Host: Agromyza sp., Phytobia lateralis
(Macq.).
Derostenus pictipes Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 180. 9, cJ.
pulchrella Girault. D. C.
Achrysocharella pulchrella Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 94. 9.
punctiventris (Crawford). Ind., Wyo., Utah, Idaho, Calif. Host: Agromyza parviconiis Loew,
Liriomyza sp.
Derostenus punctiventris Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 180. 9.
Biology: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 128.
—
Gilmore, 1938. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 31: 715. —Fulton, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 233. —Nickels, 1951. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 44: 434. —Painter, 1955. Jour. Econ. Ent. 48: 41.
fraternus (Fitch). Conn., s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Kans., Tex. Host: Coleophora pruniella Clem.,
Cameraria caryaefolietla (Clem.), Paromix geminatella (Pack.), Tischeria malifoliella
(Clem.); Apanteles sp., Eiiplectrus comstockii How., Sympiesis sp.
Trichogrammaf fratema Fitch, 1856. Country Gentleman 7: 235.
Elachistus euplectri Howard, 1885. In Riley, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Comn., Rpt. 4,
Biology: Dunnam, 1924. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 220: 65. —Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. -Copenhafer and Parker, 1938. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 11: 46. —Click, 1939.
29: 234.
U. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 673: 48. -Nickels, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 4: 114. -Beckham et
S.
1950. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 114: 12. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept.
a/., Agr., Misc.
Pub. 767: 85.
ignotus Burks. Fla. Host: Homaledra sabalella (Chamb.).
Horismenus ignotus Burks, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 76. 9.
latrodecti Burks. Tex. Ecology: A secondary parasite in egg sacs of the black widow spider,
probably parasitizing a chloropid fly, Pseudogaurax signatus (Loew), the primary
parasite.
Horismenusi latrodecti Burks, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 77. 9, 6.
lixivorus Crawford, Tex., Ariz. Host: Lixus musculus Say., L. perforatus LeC, L. scrobicollis
Boh.
HorisemusO) lixivorus Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 180. 9, cj.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 147.
ElachristusiDflavipes Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 133. 9.
texanus (Girault). Conn., s. to Ga., w. to Iowa, Kans., Ariz. Ecology: A parasite of small
Diptera living in grass stems. Host: Eumetopiella rufipes (Macq.), Mayetiola destructor
(Say), Meromyza americana Fitch.
Pseudomphale texana Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 120. 9.
Biology: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 128.
Boucek, 1965 (Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 7) states that Microterus Spinola, 1811, is very
likely the same as Pediobius Walker, 1846, and should, thus, have priority. He decided, however,
to continue to use Pediobius as the name of this genus because of usage and because Microterus
is a long forgotten name. In my opinion the case for recognizing Microterus is very weak, at
least on the basis of the presently available information. If a case to present to the Commission
were drawn up, the only name for this genus that could be retained on the basis of usage is
Pleurotropis Foerster, 1856. That is the name that was used for it for over a century.
Revision: Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 177-179 (Pleurotropis). —Boucek, 1965.
Mus. Nat. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 5-90 (Palearctic fauna). —Burks, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 68: 33-43.
Taxonomy: Waterston, 1915. Bui. Ent. Res. 5: 343-346. — Ferriere, 1953. Univ. Bologna, 1st.
di Ent., Bol. 19: 400. —Graham, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., TranS. 13: 186. —Boucek, 1965. Mus.
Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 7-10. —Boucek and Askew, 1968. Index Palearctic Eulophidae
(excl. Tetrastichinae), Le Francois, p. 88.
albipes (Provancher). Maine, Ont.,s. to Va., w. to 111. Host: Apanteles congregatus (Say),
Taxonomy: Girault, 1924. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 12: 94. —Burks, 1964 (1963), Canad.
Ent. 95: 1259.
aphidiphagus (Ashmead). Que., Fla., Ind., 111., Kans. Ecology: Parasitic on tineid larvae in oak
galls; reared from galls of Amphibolips quercusinanis (0. S.) and A. quercusspongifica
(0. S.).
Entedon apliidipliagus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 201. 9.
Asecodes quericola Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VIII. 9, 3.
lithocolletidis (Ashmead). Maine, Conn., Va., N. C, Ind., 111., Kans. Host: Anthonomus
nigrinus Boh.; Argyresthia thuiella (Pack.), Cameraria guttifinitella (Clem.),
Lithocolletis sp.; Phytobia jucunda (Wulp), Phytomyza ilicis Curt.
Entedon lithocolletidis Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. VIII. 9, J.
Biology: Fitzgerald and Simeone, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 770-773.
lonchaeae Burks. Maine, Ont., N. H., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa. Ecology: Parasitizes fly larvae
(prob. Lonchaea corticis Taylor) that invade burrows of the weevil Pissodes strobi
(Peck), in terminal growth of white pine. Host: Lonchaea sp.
Pediobiics lonchaeae Burks, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 37. 9, cJ.
longfellowi (Girault). Maine, Pa. Host: Cameraria aceriella (Clem.), Lithocolletis sp.
Epipleurotropis longfellowi Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ.
Ill, p. 7. 9.
longus (Girault). Ind. Ecology: Reared from canary grass, Phalaris sp., that also yielded
Hannolita longiconiis (Walker).
Pleurotropis longus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 342. 9.
metallicus (Nees). Most areas in North America where wheat is grown; Europe. Introduced
for biological control into the Midwest and Maryland, from England, in 1891-1894. Host:
Mayetiola destructor (Say).
Eulophus metallicxis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., v. 2, p. 176. 9, d.
Entedon Epigonus Walker, 1839. Monog. Chalcid., v. 1, p. 112. 9, 6.
Semiotellus nigripes Lindeman, 1887. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc, Bui. (2) 1: 179, 185, 192.
Taxonomy: Walker, 1848. ListHym. Ins. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 136. 1892. U. S. Dept.
—Forbes,
Agr., Insect Life 5: 72. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept.Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 132
(metallicus). —
Ferriere, 1953. Univ. Bologna, 1st. di Ent., Bol. 19: 400. —Graham, 1959.
Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 191. —
Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 65
(epigonus).
Biology: Riley, 1892. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1891, p. 235. -Riley, 1893. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1892, p. 158. —Riley, 1893. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6: 133.
-Osborn, 1898. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 16: 28, 38-41. —Howard and Fiske, 1911.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 30. -McConnell, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 145. -Wade
and Myers, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 202. —Howard, 1924. Natl. Acad. Sci., Proc. 10:
18. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 132. —Hill et al., 1939. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 4-15. -Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
715: 9-13. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 123.
nawai (Ashmead). Ont., New England; Europe, Japan. Introduced inadvertently from Europe,
along with parasites of the gypsy moth, before 1920. Host: Apanteles inelanoscelus
(Ratz.), Dibrachys cavus (Walk.), Eupteromalus peregrinus Graham; Compsilura
concinnata (Meig.).
Derostenus nawai Ashmead, 1904. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 12: 160. 9, cJ.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 31-32. -Proper,
1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 362-375. -Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 33.
-Arthur, 1962. Canad. Ent. 941: 1087.
niger (Ashmead). Ill, Fla.
Closterocerus niger Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 232. 6.
nigritarsis (Thomson). Que., Ont., s. to Va., w. to Alta. and S. Dak. Introduced for biological
control from Europe in 1935, but it was already here as an apparently different species.
Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say); Cephus ciiictus Nort., C. pygmaeus (L.), Trachelus
tabidtis (F.).
Pleurotropis nigritarsis Thomson, Hym. Scand., v. 5, p. 251. 9, 6.
1878.
Pleurotropis benefica Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 117. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 751. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept.
Agr., Misc Pub. 174: 131. —von Rosen, 1956. K. Lantbrukshog, Ann. 23: 19. —Graham,
1959. Soc Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 190.
1018 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Biology: Gahan, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 834: 12 (Pleurotropis sp.). —Salt, 1931. Bui. Ent.
Res. 22: 534-541. -Baird, 1940 (1939). Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 70: 53. -Udine, 1941. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Cir. 607: 7. —Smith, 1949 (1947). Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 78: 39-42. —Smith,
1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 699-701. —von Rosen, 1959. Ent. Tidskr. 80: 163.
Biology: Webster and Parks, 1913. Jour. Agr. Res. 1: 82, 84.
sexdentatus (Girault). Mass., N. Ohio, N. C, Kans. Ecology: A primary or secondary
J.,
Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 182, 206, 213, 229. —Smith, 1916.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 484. —
Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12,
31. -Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 361-370. —Marsh, 1937. Ecology 18: 108-111.
— Dowden, 1939. Jour. Agr. Res. 58: 591. —Reeks and Smith, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 572.
-Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 86.
testaceipes (Crawford). S. C.
Pleurotropis testaceipes Crawford, 1914. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 2: 37. 9.
utahensis (Crawford). Maine, Man., N. Dak., Mont., Utah. Host: Cephus ductus Nort.
Originally described as a parasite of an agromyzid, but that was a mistake.
Pleurotropis utahensis Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 316. 9, <J.
Taxonomy: Phillips, 1914. Jour. Agr. Res. 2: 28. —Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23:
113-117.
wilderi (Howard). Que., N. Y., Pa., D. C, Md., S. C, Ga., Minn., Ark., Calif. Ecology: A
secondary parasite in spider egg sacs, emerging from ichneumonid cocoons. Host: Gelis
sp., Tro7)iatobia rufopectus (Cress.).
Mestocharis wilderi Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 298. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 179. —Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 43: 179.
williamsoni (Girault). N.J., 111., N. Dak., Utah. Ecology: Parasitizes conopid flies that develop
in bumblebee nests. Host: PItysocephala sagittaria (Say), P. texana (Will).
Mestocharis williatnsoni Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 179. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Prison, 1926. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 19: 222, 232. — Frison, 1927. 111. State Nat.
Hist. Survey, Bui. 16: 222.
bigeloviae Ashmead. Kans., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Oreg. Host: Aciurina bigeloviae (Ckll).
Entedon bigeloviae Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 342. 9.
columbianus Ashmead. D. C.
Entedon columbiana Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 103. 9.
leucogramma (Ratzeburg). Conn., N. Y., Pa., Va., N. C, S. C, Ohio, Ind., Iowa, La., Calif.;
Europe. Introduced from Europe for biological control. Host: Scolytiis multistriatus
(Marsh.), S. rugulosus (Ratz.).
Ichneumon (Elachestus) Leucogramvia Ratzeburg, 1844. Forst.-Ins. d. Wald. Preuss., v. 3,
p. 28. d.
Taxonomy: Erdos, 1944. Species Hung. Entedon Dalm., Kalocsa, Hung., p. 43. —Hedqvist,
1963. Stud. Forest. Suecica 11: 145-146. —Graham, 1963. Soc Brit. Ent., Trans. 15: 194-195.
— Boucek, 1965. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 36: 34.
Biology: Pechuman, 1937. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 32: 17. —Hoffman, 1942. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Misc. Pub. 466: 20. —
Beal and Massey, 1945. Duke Univ., Forestry Bui. 10: 67. Leuchs, —
1955. Ztschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 62: 550. —Saunders, 1957. Ent. Monthly Mag. 93: 273.
— Capek, 1963. Banska Stiav. Vyskum Ustav Les. Hosped Ved. Prace 4: 269. —Beaver,
1966. Roy. Ent. Soc London, Proc. (A) 41: 37. —Beaver, 1967. Jour. Anim. Ecol. 36: 437.
Biology: List, 1932. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 385: 59, 61-62.
— Hammar, 1936. N. Y. State
Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 240: 44-45.
washingtoni Girault. D. C.
Entedon washingtoni Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 109. 9.
1020 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily ELASMINAE
Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1947. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell, Mitt. 20: 567. —Compere, 1947. Bui. Ent.
Res. 38: 381. —Burks, 1965. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 201-202. — Riek, 1967. Austral. Jour.
Zool. 15: 145.
The original description of Aneure Nees does not at all sound like a characterization of
Elasmus, or even of a chalcidoid. Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent. Sup. 30: 319 lists the synonymy of
Aneure under Elasmus as questionable. This synonymy, however, dates from Foerster, 1856.
Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 72. A careful reading of Foerster shows that he speaks of Anuere with a con-
fidence that could only have been achieved through his having studied the Nees type specimens.
This synonymy should be accepted despite the description.
Revision: Girault, 1918. No. Amer. Hym. Elasmidae, Sydney, Austral, pp. 1-4. —Burks, 1965.
Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 78: 201-207.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1021
albicoxa Howard. N. J., D. C, N. C, Ind., Mo., Idaho. Host: Callisto geminatella (Pack.),
Coptodisca splendoriferelta (Clem.), Paroniix sp.
Elasmus albicoxa Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 5: 30. S.
Elasmus aspidiscae Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 117. 9.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 29 Balduf, 1929. Ohio —
Jour. Sci. 29: 237. —Proper, 1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 365. —
McGugan and Blais, 1959.
Canad. Ent. 91: 763. —
Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 86. —Forbes et
al., 1961. Canad. Forest. Ann. Rpt., Forest Ins. and Dis. Survey, p. 33.
borrowi Girault. D. C.
Elas7)ius borrowi Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 117. 9.
marylandicus Girault. Conn., Md., N. C, Okla. Host: Lepidopterous larva in stem oi Ambrosia
artemisiaefolia.
Elasmus marylandicus Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 281. 9.
Biology: Schread et al., 1942. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 461: 502.
meteori Ashmead. Fla., 111., Iowa, Mo., Ark. Host: Apanteles canarsiae Ashm., Meteorus sp., M.
vulgaris (Cress.).
Elasmus meteori Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 128. 9,6.
Morphology: Burks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 161 (wing venation).
mordax Girault. Md., D. C. Host: Cameraria guttifinitella (Clem.).
Elasmus mordax Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 114. 9.
polistis Burks. Md., Ga., Pa., Tex. Host: Polistes annularis (Linn.), P. exclamans Vier., P.
fuscatus (Fab.), P. major Beauv.
Elasmus polistis Burks, 1971. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 61: 195. 9,6.
pulex Girault. Md.
Elasmus pulex Girault, 1916. Soc. Ent. 31: 43. 9.
Elasnnis daedalus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 8.
9.
setosiscutellatus Crawford. Md. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Kans., Ariz., and Calif.; Mexico. Host:
Family MYMARIDAE
By B. D. Burks
All members of this family are egg parasites. The mymarids are easily recognized as a distinct
family, but their fundamental thoracic structure shows them to have been derived from the
same stem that produced the present-day Eulophidae.
Revision: Girault, 1929. N. Amer. Hym. Mymaridae, pp. 6-27. —
Debauche, 1949. Mus. Roy.
Hist. Nat. Belg., Mem. 108: 1-248 (Palearctic fauna). —Debauche, 1949. Cong. Belg., Inst.
Pares Nat., E.xpl. Pare Nat. Albert, Miss, de Witte, 49: 1-105 (Ethiopian fauna). Kryger,
—
1950. Ent. Meddel. 26: 1-97 (Palearctic fauna). —
Annecke and Doutt, 1961. So. Afr. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Ser., Ent. Mem. 5: 1-71 (World genera).
Subfamily ALAPTINAE
Tribe ANAGRINI
Genus ANAGRUS Haliday
Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 277, 289.
Biology: Childs, 1918. Oreg. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 148: 27.
delicatus Dozier. 111., Calif.
Anagrus delicatus Dozier, 1936. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 9: 177. 9, S.
epos Girault. Pa., Md., Va., Fla.,N. Mex., Calif. Host: Edwardsiana prunicola (Edw.),
111.,
E)npoa sea fabae (Harr.), Erythroneura comes (Say), E. plena Beamer, Typhlocyba
poniaria McAtee, T. quercus (F.).
Anagrus epos Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 292. 9, 6.
Biology: Ackerman, 1919. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 805: 28.
— Mulla, 1956. Jour. Econ. Ent. 49:
438-441. -Mulla, 1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 85.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1023
giraulti Crawford. Ga., Ala., Idaho, Utah, Calif. Host: Arilus cristatus (L.), Circulifer tenellus
(Baker), Ho»ialodisca coagiilata (Say).
Anagnis gimulti Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 259. 9, 6.
Biology: Stahl, 1920. Jour. Agr. Res. 20: 250. -Henderson, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 593:
2-10. —Turner and Pollard, 1959. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1188: 26-27.
nigriceps Girault,new status. Oreg., Calif. Host: Edwardsiana pmnicola (Edw.), E. rosae (L.).
Anagriis armatus var. nigriceps Girault, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 276. 9.
Biology: Mulla, 1956. Jour Econ. Ent. 49: 438. -Mulla, 1957. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 50: 86.
nigrieventris Girault, new status. Ont., Conn., s. to S. C, w. to 111., N. Mex., Utah; New
Zealand. Host: E)iipoasca fabae (Harr.), Tiiplilocyba ponuiria McAtee.
Anagrus anuatus var. uigrireHtri.s Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 291. 9.
Biology: Ackerman, 1919. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 805: 28. —Armstrong, 1936. Ent. Soc. Ont.,
Ann. Rpt. 66: 17-22. -Dumbleton, 1937. New Zeal. Jour. Sci. and Technol. 18: 868.
— Steiner, 1938. Conn. Pomol. Soc, Proc. 47: 23-25. —
Steiner, 1938. Jour. Econ. Ent. 31:
233-240.
Stethyninw fauniDn Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 298. 9, 6.
Tribe ALAPTINI
auranti (Mercet). La.; Europe. Ecology: Originally thought to parasitize Coccidae, but actual
hosts probably Psocoptera.
Parrulitius auranti Mercet, 1912. Soc Esp. Hist. Nat., Bol. 12: 333. 9.
Metalaptus torquatus Malenotti, 1917. Redia 12: 339. 9, <?.
Taxonomy: Mercet, 1917. Asoc Esp. Prog. Ciencia. Cong, de Valladolid, 4: 367. — Cressman
et «/., 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 282.
1024 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Alaptus iceryae Riley, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1888, p. 86.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1908. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 1: 186. —Girault, 1910. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour.
18: 240-243.
Dicopus Enock, 1909. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1909: 455.
Type-species: Dicopus minutissima Enock. Monotypic
halitus Girault. Que.
Dicopus halitus Girault, 1911. Ent. News 22: 347. 6.
Subfamily MYMARINAE
Tribe OOCTONINI
Genus ARESCON Walker
Arescon Walker, 1846. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 18: 49.
Taxonomy: Howard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 5: 43 (Mymarinae). —Girault, 1911.
Arch. Naturgesch. 77 (1) Sup. 2: 132 (types lost).
f. —
Mercet, 1912. Mus. Nac Cien. Nat.
Madrid, Trab. 10: 95 (genus ?).
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1025
Biology: Ashmead, 1880. Orange Insects, pp. 7-9. —Hubbard, 1885. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insects
Affecting the Orange, pp. 24, 70.
Kryger, 1934 (Ent. Meddel. 18: 503-505) published a paper stating that Gonatocenis Nees was
not a mymarid, but a chalcidid. Nees' type was destroyed many years ago, so this conclusion was
based on a reading of the original description of the genus. The ne.xt available name for this
genus being Ly)iiaenon Walker, numerous authors used it. However, a more careful rereading of
Nees' discursive but reasonably e.xact description of Gonatocenis by some later authors led
them to the conclusion that Kryger had been mistaken. The characters Nees gives are certainly
those of a mymarid. Soyka, 1946 (Zentbl. Gesammtgeb. Ent. 1: 36) first published this correction,
and others published it subsequently. Consequently the name Lyuiaenon was widely used for
this genus for only about 10 years.
Biology: Turner and Pollard, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1188: 26-27.
aureus Girault. III.
Gonatocerus aureus Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 263. 9.
brunneus Girault. III.
Gonatocerus brunneus Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 261. 9, i.
Gonatocenis niaecius Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 272. 9.
californicus Girault. Calif.
Gonatocerus californicus Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 271. 9.
Biology: Turner and Pollard, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1188: 26-27.
illinoiensis Girault. 111.
Gonatocenis macja Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 267. 9.
marilandicus Girault. Md., Ga. Host: Gypona sp.
Gonatocenis niarilaiulicus Girault, 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 115. 9.
maximus Girault. 111.
Gonatocenis niaxi)nus Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 264. 9.
mexicanus Perkins. Fla., Tex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Draeciilacephala mollipes (Say).
Gonatocenis ynexicaniis Perkins, 1912. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent.
Bui. 10: 21. 9, 6.
Gonatocenis exiiniiis
Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 441. 9.
Gonatocenis gibsoni Crawford, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 586. 9,6.
Biology: Turner and Pollard, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1188: 26-27.
ornatus Gahan. Ariz. Host: Stictocepliala festina (Say).
Gonatocenis ornatus Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 20: 23. 9, (5.
Go)tatocenis bnunieus var. tenuipennis Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 263. 9.
titiliatus Girault. Utah.
Gonatocenis titiliatus Girault, 1917. Broolkyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 12: 87. 9.
triguttus Girault. Tex.; West Indies.
Gonatocenis triguttus Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 297. 9,6.
utahensis Girault. Utah.
Gonatocenis utahensis Girault, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 446. 9.
Taxonomy: Debauche, 1948. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., Mem. 108: 114 (syn. of Ooctonus
Haliday).
— Ogloblin, 1959. Munchen. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 49: 50 (subg. of Lymaenon
Walker). — Annecke and Doutt, 1961. So. Afr. Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser., Ent. Mem. 5: 4, 14-15
(subg. of Lymaenon Walker).
morrilliHoward. Ga., Fla., Tex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer. Host: Homalodisca coagulata (Say).
Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 10: 69. 9, 6.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1917. Entomologist 50: 36. — Whittaker, 1931. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 3:
192.
Biology: Turner and Pollard, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1188: 26-27.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1027
Biology: Weaver and King, 1954. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 741: 15-17.
aphrophorae Milliron. Ohio, Wis. Host: Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch).
Oodoniis aphrophorae Milliron, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 217. 9, 6.
auripes Whittaker. B. C.
Ooc^o»M(.s auripes Whittaker, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 190. 9.
canadensis Whittaker. B. C.
Oodonus canadensis Whittaker, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 191. 9.
fuscipes Whittaker. Conn., B. C.
Ooctonns fttscipes Whittaker, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 189. 9.
occidentalis Whittaker. B. C.
Oodonus occidentalis Whittaker, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 191. 9.
quadricarinatus Girault. N. Y.
Oodonus quadricarinatus Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 301. S.
silvensis Girault. D. C.
Oodonus silvensis Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 70. 9.
Tribe ANAPHINI
Genus PARALLELAPTERA Enock
Parallelaptera Enock, 1909. Roy. Ent. Soc London, Trans. 1909:
454.
ErijthmehiH Enock, 1909. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1909: 454.
Type-species: Enjthnielns goocin Enock. Monotypic.
Enae>iiiis Enock, 1909. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1909: 456.
Type-species: E)iaesiiiH agilis Enock. Desig. by Gahan and Fagan, 1923.
Taxonomy: Debauche, 1948. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., Mem. 108: 192. — Annecke and Doutt,
1961. S. Afr. Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser., Ent. Mem. 5: 18.
Biology: Johnson, 1900. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. (n. s.) 26: 73-74.
Biology: Strong, 1938. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. and P. Q., Ann. Rpt. for 1938, p. 52.
-Ewing and Crawford, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32: 303-305.
Genus ANAPHES Haliday
Gahan, 1949 (Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 39: 204-205) published a paper about Anaphes and
My mar in which he changed the application these names had had in literature for about a centu-
ry. As a result, these names were used in the sense he advocated in the 1951 Hymenoptera
Catalog, its First Supplement, and Peck's 1963 catalog. However, Hincks, 1952 (Soc. Brit. Ent.,
Trans. 11: 163) had proposed submitting this matter to the Internatl. Comn. on Zool. Nomencl.,
requesting that traditional usage be restored. Annecke and Doutt, 1963 (Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 20:
134-136) formally submitted a petition to the Commission requesting the restoration of tradi-
tional usage.
This was approved in Opinion 729, 1965.
alaskae Annecke and Doutt. Alaska.
Anaphes alaskae Annecke and Doutt, 1961. So. Afr. Dept. Agr., Tech. Ser., Ent. Mem. 5:
47. 9, 6.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1029
Biology: Strong, 1938. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. and P. Q., Ann. Rpt. for 1938, p. 52.
-Ewing and Crawford, 1939. Jour. Econ. Ent. 32: 303-305.
behmani Girault. N. Y., Mich.
Anaphes behmani Girault, 1929. No. Amer. Hym. Mymaridae, p. 14. 9, (J.
flavipes (Foerster). Ont., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., W. Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind.; Europe. Introduced
from Europe for biological control in 1966; first recovered in Mich. Host: Oulema
melanopus (L.).
Go7iatocerus flavipes Foerster, 1841. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. 45. 9.
Anaphes hercules Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 285. $.
Biology: Romney and Cassidy, 1945. Jour. Econ. Ent. 38: 497.
—
Sillings, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Amer., N. Cent. Br., Proc. 26: 105. —
Stoner and Surber, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64:
1566-1567.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1910. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 18: 243-244. —Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 37: 278-279.
perdubius Girault. S. C, Minn., Utah. Host: Halticus bracteatus (Say).
Anaphes perdubius Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 6. 9.
pratensis Foerster. Conn., 111., Utah.; Europe. Introduced from Italy for biological control in
1911-1913, but not recovered; introduced again in 1925 and first recovered in 1926. Host:
Hypera postica (Gyll), H. punctata (F.).
Anaphes pratensis Foerster, 1847. Linnaea Ent. 2: 211. 9, d.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. Ent. News 22: 364.
Biology: Pack, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 216: 29-30. —Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1139: 116.
sinipennis Girault. 111.
Anaphes sinipennis Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 280. 9.
Genus PARACLERUCHUS Yoshimoto
Biology: Pielou and Verma, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 1179-1199 (Clemchus sp.).
Oglobliniella Soyka, 1946. Zentbl. Gesamtgeb. Ent. 1: 180. N. name for Mymar.
Refer to remarks about the nomenclature of this genus under Anaphes Haliday.
Cincinnati Girault. Md.
Mymar Cincinnati Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 99. 6.
Taxonomy: Annecke and Doutt, 1961. So. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci. 4: 551-552 (prob. syn. of
Mymar regale Knock).
pulchellum Curtis. Pa.; Europe.
Mymar pnlcltelliis Curtis, 1832. Brit. Ent. v. 9, p. 411. 9, <?.
Mymar venustum Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 94, 188. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Annecke and Doutt, 1961. So. Afr. Jour. Agr. Sci. 4: 550-551 (syn.).
Carapliractun Walker, 1846. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 18: 49-52.
Type-species: Caraphractus cinctun Walker. Monotypic.
cinctus Walker. N. Y., N. W. T.; Europe. Host: Gerris remigis Say, Notonecta sp.; Dytiscus sp.
Caraphractits cinctus Walker, 1846. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 18: 52. 9.
Biology: Matheson and Crosby, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 68-70. —
Hungerford, 1919.
Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 11: 32. -Jackson, 1958. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 110: 533-554.
Acmopolynema Ogloblin, 1946. Iowa State Col., Jour. Sci. 20: 286.
Type-species: Sficlwthrix bifasciatipennis Girault. Orig. desig.
bifasciatipenne (Girault). Mass., N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Ayiaxipfia
exigua (Say), Oecantlius sp., 0. nigricomis nigriconiis Walker, 0. nigricomis
quadripunctatus Beut., 0. niveits (Deg.).
Stichothrix bifasciatipennis Girault, 1908. Psyche 15: 115. 9.
Polynema bifasciatipenne var. variiim Girault, 1917. Psyche 24: 92. 9, 6. N. syn.
Biology: Parrott and Fulton, 1914. N. Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 388: 426.
— Brandhorst,
1943. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 46: 169-172.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1969. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
216.
caesariatipenne Girault. D. C., Kans. Ecology: Reared from seed pod of ironweed.
Polynema caesariatipenne Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 305. 9.
ciliatum (Say). Ind.
Psiliis ciliatus Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Phila. 1: 80.
consobrinus Girault. Ga., Ohio, Mich., 111., Minn., Iowa. Host: Enchenopa binotata (Say);
Anthonomus signatus Say.
Polynema consobrinus Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 308, 309. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. Ent. News 22: 467.
enchenopae Girault. 111. Host: Enchenopa binotata (Say).
Polynema enchenopae Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 15. 9, 6.
eutettixi Girault. Idaho, Utah, Calif.; Mexico. Host: Circulifer tenellus (Baker).
Polynema eutettexi Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 18. 9, 6.
Polynema eutettixi Stahl, 1920. Jour. Agr. Res. 20: 250. Emend.
Biology: Stahl, 1920. Jour. Agr. Res. 20: 250.
florum Girault. B. C.
Polynema florum Girault, 1929. No. Amer. Hym. Mymaridae, pp. 18, 28. 9.
Ta.\onomy: Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 316, 324. —Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 19: 19, 22.
maculipes (Ashmead). Fla.
Cosviocoina maculipes Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 194. S.
striaticorne Girault. N. S., s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Ceresa borealis (Fairm.); C.
bubalus (F.), C. taurina (Fitch), Oncopsis sobrius (Walk.), Stictocephala inennis (F.).
Polynema striaticorne Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 12. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 302-308.
Polynema zetes Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 314. 9.
Family TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE
By B. D. Burks
All membersof this family are parasites in the eggs of other insects. Their thoracic structures
show them to have affinities with the Eulophidae, but they must have diverged from the eulo-
phid stem at some remote time in chalcidoid evolution. Since all trichogrammatids have
3-segmented tarsi, lack the strigil of the foretibia, have greatly reduced antennae, never have
the abdomen petiolate, and the forewing usually bears characteristic lines of cilia, they are wide-
ly separated from their nearest relatives in the Eulophidae.
1034 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Revision: Girault, 1912 Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 10: 81-100. — Girault, 1914. Wis. Nat. Hist.
Soc, Bui. 12: 55-71.—Girault, 1918. No. Amer. Hym. Trichogrammatidae, Sydney, Austral.
11 pp. -Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. (4) 35: 477-586.
Oligosita Walker, 1851. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (2)7: 212-213. (Cited as Haliday MS.)
Type-species: Oligonita coUina Walker. Monotypic.
Wentwoodella Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 359.
Type-species: Oligosita sitbfasciata Westwood. Monotypic.
ParoligoHitci Kurdjumov, 1911. Russ. Ent. Obozr. 11: 434.
Type-species: Paroligoaita bella Kurdjumov. Orig. desig.
PseudoligoHita Girault, 1913. Queensland Mus., Mem. 2: 104.
Type-species: PseudoligoHita anioldi Girault. Orig. desig.
Zorontogmninia Silvestri, 1915. Lab. Zool. Agr. Portici, Bol. 9: 327.
Type-species: Zorontogranima distinctuni Silvestri. Orig. desig.
atnericana Girault. Ind. and III, s. to S. C, Ga., Tex., and N. Mex. Host: Doryceplialus
comosipennis (Girault). N. Y.
Westwoodella co))iosipe7niis Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 66. 9.
marilandia Girault. Md.
Oligosita marilandia Girault, 1917. Chalcidoid. nova Marilandensis II, p. 1. 9.
plebeia (Perkins). Okla.; Mexico. Host: Cicadellid eggs in cane.
Westivoodella plebeia Perkins, 1912. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent.
Bui. 10: 16. 9.
sanguinea (Girault). Conn. w. to N. Dak., s. to Fla., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico and Brazil Host:
Cicadellid eggs in wheat, grasses, and clover.
Westwoodella sanguinea Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 58-62. 9, 6.
Oligosita sanguinea var. daripes Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 4. 9.
subfasciatipennis (Girault). Vt., Wis., Iowa, N. Dak., Wash. Host: Cicadellid eggs in wheat.
Westwoodella subfasciatipennis Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 63-66.
Hydrophylax Matheson and Crosby, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 65. Preocc. by
Fitzinger. 1843.
Type-species: Hydrophylax aquivolans Matheson and Crosby. Monotypic.
Hydrophylita Ghesquiere, 1946. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 39: 371. N. name.
Lutzimkron Costa Lima, 1960. Sao Paulo Inst. Biol., Arq. 27: 197.
Type-species: Lutzimkron lestesi Costa Lima. Monotypic.
Taxonomy: DeSantis, Comision inv. Cient. Prov. B. A., Notas 2(3): 3-5.
1964. Doutt and —
Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35: 493.
aquivolans (Matheson and Crosby). N. Y., Ohio, Kans. Host: Eggs of Ischnura vertkalis (Say).
Hydrophylax aquivolans Matheson and Crosby, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 65. 6, 9.
Biology: Davis, 1962. Limnol. and Oceanog. 7: 390-392.
17.
Taxonomy: Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35: 562.
acuminata (Ashmead). N. Y. and Minn. s. to Fla., La., Tex., and Calif.; Mexico, West Indies.
Host: Lestes dryas Kirby, L. unguiculatus Hagen, Cuema costalis (Fab.),
Draeculacephala iniyior (Walk.), D. mollipes (Say), D. portola (Ball), Homalodisca
insolita (Walk.). There is some evidence that a complex of species is at present under
this one name.
Trichogramvia acuminatum Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 107. 9, 6.
Brachista pallida Ashmead, 1900. Ent. News 11: 616. 9.
ceresarum (Ashmead). N. S., N. J., Ohio, 111., Calif. Host: Ceresa borealis Fairm., C. bubalus
(Fab.), C. taurina (Fitch), Stictocephala inennis (Fab.).
Trichogramma ceresarum Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 107. 9.
livii (Girault). Md.
Neobrachistella livii Girault, 1918. No. Amer. Hym. Trichogrammatidae, Sydney, Austral.,
p. 11. 9.
nympha (Girault). Tex. Host: Cicadellid eggs in stems of Aynbrosia; eggs of Psallus seriatus
(Reuter).
Abbella nympha Girault, 1911. Entomologist 44: 197. 9.
Taxonomy: Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc (4) 35: 576.
beneficus Dozier. Tex.; Mexico, West Indies. Host: Orthopterous eggs, probably of
Tettigoniidae, deposited on leaf surfaces.
Ufens benefic2is Dozier, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 33. 9, 6.
niger (Ashmead). Del, Md., w. to Ohio, 111., Idaho, and Wash., s. to Fla., La., Tex., and Calif.;
Mexico, West Indies. Host: Colladonus geminatus (Van Duzee), Cuema costalis (Fab.),
Keonolla confluens (Uhler), Draeculacephala moUipes (Say), Homalodisca sp.,
Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westw.). This may represent a complex of species.
Trichogramma nigrum Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 107. 9.
spiritus Girault. Md., Ga., Fla., La. Host: Homalodisca coagulata (Say), Oncometopia orbona
(Fab.).
Ufens spiritus Girault, 1918. No. Amer. Hym. Trichogrammatidae, Sydney, Austral, p. 6.
Ufens spiritus americanus Girault, 1918. No. Amer. Hym. Trichogrammatidae, Sydney,
Austral., p. 6.
Brachyufens Viggiani, 1968. In Doutt and Viggiani, Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc, (4) 35: 566.
BurksieUa De Santis, 1957. La Plata Univ. Nac, Facultad de Cien. Nat. y Mus., Notas de
Mus. 19: 133.
Type-species: BurksieUa subannulata De Santis. Orig desig.
Taxonomy: Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35: 572.
C, Ga., Calif. Host: Lestes sp., lepidopterous eggs.
flavipes (Girault). D.
Paracentrobia flavipes Girault, 1905. Ent. News 16: 287. 9, S.
Trichogramma Westwood, 1833 (June). London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour.
Sci. (3) 2: 444.
Trkhogratuma subg. Aprobosca Westwood, 1878. Linn. Soc. London, Trans., Zool., (2) 1:
592.
Type-species: Trichogramma (Aprobosca) erosiconiis Westwood. Monotypic.
Oophthora Aurivillius, 1898 (1897). Ent. Tidskr. 18: 250.
Type-species: Oophthora seviblidis Aurivillius. Monotypic.
Pentarthrum Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 3. Emend.
XanthoatomuH Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: xi, 360.
Type-species: Xanthoatomua albipes Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Neotrichogramma Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 38-39.
Type-species: Neotrichogravittia acutiuentre Girault. Orig. desig.
Trichogramma subg. Trichogram }natana Girault, 1932. New lower Hymenoptera from
Australia and India, Brisbane, Austral., p. 1.
Type-species: Trichograttnua singnlaris Girault. Monotypic.
The latest revision of this genus was published in 1960. Although it was a very great improve-
ment over the 1918 revision, it left most workers unsatisfied. At present other revisional works
are in progress, and new papers revising Trichogramma may be published at about the time this
catalog appears. Several undescribed species from North America are at present known to be in
manuscript. Fundamental studies are also currently being made on the genetics, hybridization,
male genitalia, and biologies of the described species of Trichogramma. Consequently, the ar-
rangement of the species in this catalog is provisional.
Due to the fact that much of the older literature on biology cannot now be assigned to in-
dividual species as they are listed in this catalog, a large part of the biological literature on
Trichogramma that was published before 1960 has been omitted. This literature is cited in full
elsewhere; see Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 51-73.
Any species of this genus can be reared in the laboratory or insectary on the eggs of almost
any convenient host, although Salt, 1938. Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 223-246 showed that a few insect
eggs may be physically or chemically unsuitable. The true host specificity for Trichogramma in
nature seems to be to appropriate insect eggs that are deposited in particular environmental
niches rather than simply to the eggs of particular host species. Consequently, host species are
not listed here for the species of Trichogramma, but their ecological requirements, as far as
they are known, are indicated.
Revision: Girault, 1918. N. Amer. Hym. Trichogrammatidae, Sydney, Austral., p. 4.
— Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund, fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50.
Taxonomy: Flanders, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 208-210. —Flanders, 1938. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 31: 456-457. — Ishii,
1941. Kontyu 14: 169-176 (Japanese spp., male genitalia).
—Quednau, 1956. Ber. Hundertjahr Deut. Ent. Ges. Berlin, pp. 87-92. —Quednau, 1956.
Ztschr. Pflantzenkrank. u. Pflantzensch. 63: 333-344. —
Telenga, 1959. First Internatl.
Cong. Insect Path. Biol. Control Prague, Trans, pp. 355-360. —Flanders and Quednau,
1960. Entomophaga 5: 285-294. —Quednau, 1960 Biol. Bund fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch.,
Mitt. 100: 11-50. —Tseng, 1965. Acta Ent. Sinica 14: 404 (Chinese spp., male genitalia).
1038 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
— Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1968. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 10: 81-96
(hybridization, male genitalia).
—
Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc, (4) 35:
533-535. -Chepetilnikova, 1970 (1968). Ann. Zool. Ecol. Anim., pub. 70-3, pp. 71-76.
— Fazaluddin and Nagarkatti, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1470-1471. —Nagarkatti and
Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 13-31 (male genitalia).
Biology: Evans, 1930. Austral. Jour. Council Sci. Indus. Res. 3: 106-116. Marchal, 1931. —
Paris Acad, des Sci., Compt. Rend. 192: 316-318. —Thompson, 1932. Indian Jour. Agr. Sci.
2: 413-415. -Nikolskaja, 1933. Zashch. rast. 3: 25-34. —
Schread and Carman, 1933. Conn.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 353: 691-756. —Schread and Carman, 1934. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 42:
263-283. -Flanders, 1935 Pan-Pacific Ent. 11: 175-177. -Bowen, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 29: 119-125. —Marchal, 1936. Ann. des Epiphyt. et de Phytogenet., n. ser., 2: 447-567.
— Meyer, 1938. Zool. Zhur. 17: 924-932. —Meyer, 1941. Leningrad Inst. Zool. Appl.
Phytopath., Bui. 12: 273-277. —Meyer, 1941". Trichogramma, Tadzhikistan Agr., 176 pp.
— Kovaleva, 1954. Zool. Zhur. 33: 77-86. —
Quednau, 1956. Ztschr. f. Parasitenk. 17: 360-364.
-Kovaleva, —Quednau, 1959. Ztschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 66:
1957. Zool. Zhur. 36: 225-229.
77-86.
—Mayer, 1960. Biol. Bund, fur Land-
u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 3-10. —Stein, 1960.
Entomophaga 5: 237-259. -Klink, 1961. Ztschr. f. Angew. Zool. 48: 476-492. -Quednau,
1961. Entomophaga 6: 155-161. — Parnell, 1964. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 116: 80.
-Kot, 1964. Ekol. Polska., (A) 2: 243-303. -Nagarkatti, 1970. Current Sci. 39(4): 76-78.
euproctidis (Girault). Mass., D. C, III; Europe, Japan. Ecology: Insect eggs deposited in fields
and forest-edge, orchards are parasitized.
Pentarthron euproctidin Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37, 46. 3.
Taxonomy: Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 18.
Biology: Schread, 1934. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 360: 463. -Carman, 1936. Conn. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 383: 326.
—
Neiswander, 1936. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 569: 19. —Allen et
a/., 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 18, 40, 59. —Flanders, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61:
1122-1124.
evanescens Westwood. Scattered areas throughout S. Canada and the U. S. Ecology: Insect
eggs deposited on herbaceous vegatation, primarily in cultivated areas, are parasitized.
Introd. from Europe.
Trichogramma evanescent Westwood, 1833. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and
Jour. Sci. (3) 2: 444.
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund, fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50.
—Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 18.
Biology: Gatenby, 1918. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci. 63: 161-174. —Thompson and Parker, 1928.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 59: 17. —
Hase, 1929. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpt. 2:
85-89. —Salt, 1935. Roy Soc. London, Proc (B) 117: 413-415. —
Zimin, 1935. Zashch. rast. 1:
69-80. —Marchal, 1936. Ann. des Epiphyt. et de Phytogenet., n. s., 2: 495-522. —Salt, 1936.
Jour. Expt. Biol. 13: 363-375. —Salt, 1937. Roy. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 122: 57-75. Laing,
—
1937. Jour. Anim. Ecol. 6: 298-317. —
Dirsh, 1937. Zashch. rast. 15: 69-80. —Salt, 1938. Bui.
Ent. Res. 29: 223-246. —Laing, 1938. Jour. Expt. Biol. 15: 281-302. —Salt, 1939 (1938).
Parasitology 30: 511-522. —Salt, 1940. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 15: 81-95. —Meyer,
1940. Zashch. Rast. Byul. 4: 70-77. -Salt, 1942 (1941). Biol. Rev. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 16:
242-262. —
Telenga, 1956. Ent. Obozr. 35: 599-609. —Kot, 1960. Polskie Pismo, Ent. (B) 1-2:
23-30. —Lee, 1961. Acta Ent. Sinica 10: 340. —
Pu and Liu, 1962. Acta Ent. Sinica 11: 409.
-Kaitazov, 1963. Rast. Zashch. Sofia 11: 20. -Kot, 1964. Ekol. Polska, (A) 12: 247.
-Karpova, 1965. Ent. Obozr. 44: 500. — Oatman
et al., 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61:
956-959. —Oatman et al., 1968. Jour. Econ. Ent. 61: 724-730. —Lewis and Redlinger, 1969.
Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 62: 1482-1484. —Oatman et al., 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63:
633-635. -Shchichenkov, 1971. Akad. Nauk Eston. SSR Inst. Zool. i Bot., Apr., pp. 152-155.
— Iren and Gurkan, 1971. Bitki Koruma Bui. 11: 157-168. —Parker et al., 1971. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 64: 721-735. —Lewis et al., 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 557-558.
fasciatum (Perkins). Fla., La., and S. Gulf Coast of Tex.; Mexico, West Indies, Cent. Amer.,
No. S. Amer. Ecology: Insect eggs on sugarcane, corn, and other Gramineae; also eggs
deposited on vegetation in tropical or subtropical savannah habitats are parasitized.
Pentarthron fasciatuyn Perkins, 1912. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assn., Ent. Ser. Bui. 10: 19.
Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA 1039
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund, fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50.
— Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 20.
Biology: Burrell and McCormick, 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 880. — Breniere, 1965.
Entomophaga 10: 274. -Chen, 1967 (1966). Mushi 39(suppl.): 104. -Drummond et ai,
1970. Lepidopterists' Soc, Jour. 24: 140.
minutum Riley. S. Canada, U. S. e.xcept for most southern and southwestern areas. Ecology:
Insect eggs deposited in arboreal habitats are parasitized.
Trichogramnia minutum Riley, 1871. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 6: 157.
Taxonomy: Flanders, 1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46: 85. —Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund, fur
Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50. —Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res.
61: 21, 23.
Biology: Langston, 1957. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 14: 25-26. —Downey, 1958 (1957). 111. State
Acad. Sci., Trans. 50: 299. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 767: 81. -Glass,
1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 564. —
Kulman, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 241-243.
— Flanders, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1122-1124. —
Oatman et al., 1970. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 63: 633-635. —
Fazalludin and Nagarkatti, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64:
1470-1471.
pretiosum Riley. S. Canada, U. S. except most southern and southwestern areas. Ecology:
Insect eggs deposited on herbaceous vegetation in campestral habitats are parasitized.
Trichogramvia pretiosa Riley, 1879. Canad. Ent. 11: 161. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Flanders,1953. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 46: 85. —Flanders, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. —
Orphanides and Gonzalez, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1784-1785.
61: 1122-1124.
—Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 24-25.
Biology: Oatman, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 831. —Orphanides and Gonzalez, 1970. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 63: 1734-1740. -Oatman et al., 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 633-635.
—Orphanides and Gonzalez, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 824-834. —Fazalludin and
Nagarkatti, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1470-1471. —Oatman and Platner, 1971. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 64: 501-506.
retorridum (Girault). Iowa s. to no. New Mexico, w. to Great Basin and Pacific Coast Range in
Central Calif. Ecology: Insect eggs deposited in dry, but not arid, environments are
parasitized.
Pentarthron retorridum Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 52. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50.
—Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 25-27.
Biology: Webster, 1912. Jour. Econ. Ent. 5: 335-336. —Stern and Atallah, 1965. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 58: 76-81. —Orphanides and Gonzalez, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 824-834.
semblidis (Aurivillius). Canada and No. U. S.; Europe. Ecology: Insect eggs deposited in
aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats are parasitized. In nature this species parasitizes the
eggs of such insects as Chrysops, Tabanus, Sialis, and Chauliodes that occur in an
aquatic habitat. When it is reared in the insectary on such hosts as the eggs of Ephestia
the progeny are so different they would be taken for another species were their
derivation not known.
Oophthora semblidis Aurivillius, 1897. Ent. Tidskr. 18: 253. 9, 6.
Biology: Cameron, 1926. Bui. Ent. Res. 17: 38-39. —Salt, 1937. Parasitology 29: 539-553.
—Van Steenburgh, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 74-75. —Salt, 1939 (1938).
Parasitology 30: 511-522.
—
Reid, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 91: 434. -Salt, 1942
(1941). Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol. Rev. 16: 239-264. -Quednau, 1955. Nachr. Deut.
Pflanzenschutsdienst. 7: 145-148. —Quednau, 1957. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.) 4: 364.
semifumatum West Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Southern Calif.; Hawaii, Mexico, Colombia.
(Perltins).
Ecology: Insect eggs deposited in semi-arid habitats are parasitized.
Pentarthron semifuDiatum Perkins, 1910. Fauna Hawaii., v. 2, pt. 6, p. 659. 9.
Taxonomy: Quednau, 1960. Biol. Bund fur Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Mitt. 100: 11-50.
-Nagarkatti and Nagaraja, 1971. Bui. Ent. Res. 61: 27-29.
Biology: Hinckley, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 207. —Stern and Bowen, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 56: 358-372. -Poinar, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 381. —Stern and Atallah, 1965. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 76-81. —Stern et. al., 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 234-240.
—
Elbadry, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 209-212. —Bowen and Stern, 1966. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 59: 823-834. -Stern and Shorey, 1968. Jour. Econ. Ent. 61: 898-901. —Taylor,
1969. Ghana Jour. Sci. 9: 30-34. —Davis, 1969. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 20: 521-525.
— Oatman et «/., 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 633-635. —Taylor and Stern, 1971. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1381-1390.
*
Unplaced Species ok Trichogramma Westwood
The following species have for many years been listed as synonyms of niinutuiii Riley. Now
that niinntiihi itself is being redefined, all its synonyms must be re-evaluated.
Tricliogmi)nna i)ii)tutissi»iH)n Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 37. 9, 3.
TrichograinDia odontotae Howard, 1885. Ent. Amer. 1: 117. 9, 6.
Trichogramma intenttediuni Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S. and
Canada, pp. 1872, 1895. 9, d.
Xanthoatomus albipes Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: xi, 360. 9.
Trichogranniia pretiosa var. nigra Girault, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 82. 9, 6.
Trichogramma helocharae Perkins, 1907. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent.
Bui. 4: 58. (Probably not Trichograiiima).
Biology: Baird, 1918. Agr. Gaz. Canada 5: 766, 771. —Chapman, Pearce, and Avens, 1941.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 643-644.
reference of Ashmead, 1894; see Gahan and Pagan, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
124: 23. Nowicki, 1936, rejects this and designates //d/cie type-species of his new
genus, but does so on the the basis of very weak arguments.
Doutt and Viggiani,
1968, accept Nowicki's action, however, in order to preserve Brachista as usage
dictates; that is, with B. pungens (Mayr) as type-species. Brachista in
that sense
does not occur in North America.
Taxonomy: Nowicki, 1936. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 23: 127, 136. —Doutt and Viggiani, 1968.
Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35: 497, 552.
fidiae (Ashmead). Pa., Va., Ohio. Host: Magicicada septenclecini (L.); Fidia viticida Walsh.
17: 171. 9.
Brachysticltafidiae Ashmead, 1894. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour.
Lathromeris cicadae Howard, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 102. 9, 6.
latipennis Girault. Del., Va., 111., La., Idaho, Utah. Host: Eggs of Ent ijlia sinuata (Fab.), undet.
membracid eggs.
Zaga latipennis Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 31. 9.
Ta.\onomy: Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc (4) 35: 527.
neomexicana (Girault). Iowa, N. Dak., Mont., N. Mex., Idaho, Calif. Host: Undet. hemipterous
eggs in grasses.
Lathromeroides neomexicanus Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 5. 9.
1042 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
plutella Girault. Va., 111., Tex., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Circulifer
tenellus (Baker).
Aphelinoidea plutella Girault, 1912. Ent. News 23: 296. 9,6.
Biology: Henderson, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 593: 1-18. —Henderson, 1955. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Cir. 967: 1-16. —Flock et al., 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 279.
semifuscipennis Girault. 111., Okla., Tex. Host: Leafhopper eggs in grasses.
Aphelinoidea se))iifuxcipenniH Girault, 1911. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 37: 4. 2.
Taxonomy: Doutt and Viggiani, 1968. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 35: 506-507.
odonatae (Ashmead). N. Y., 111. Host: Lestes uncatus Kirby, L. unguiculatus Hagen.
Centrobia odonatae Ashmead, 1900. Ent. News 11: 616. 9.
Biology: Paddock and Reinhard, 1919. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 256: 81-83.
— Steffan, 1954.
Paris Mus. d'Hist. Nat, Bui. (2) 26: 669.
By B. D. Burks
Entedon antiopae Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 36. 6. Type not located.
StenonieHiua^ aphidicola Ashmead, 1880. Orange Insects, p. 67. 9, 6. Type lost.
Sniicra Biniaculatas Strecker, 1878. U. S. War Dept., Ann. Rpt. 2 (3): 1878. Type not located.
DioinoruH biorhizae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 186. 9. Type lost; from
original description not Dioinorits.
Halticoptera brodii Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 192. 9. Type lost; from original
description not Halticoptera.
Caccophagiis bninneus Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 205. Type
broken, but fragments look to be Pteromalini.
Taxonomy: Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 224 {Coccophagus). —Burks, 1964 (1963).
Canad. Ent. 95: 1257 (type).
Catnptotera clacata Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 404. 9, 6.
Type lost.
Entedon coquilletti Riley, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1888, p. 86. Type lost.
Stinophts cyaneus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 338. 6. Type lost.
Trichogrannna flacua Ashmead, 1880. Orange Insects, p. 33. 9. Type lost.
Leucospis integra Haldeman, 1844. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 2: 53. 6. Type lost; from
original description not Leucoapin; Bracijiiieriaf
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA
By B. D. Burks
The Cynipoidea have gone through an evolutionary development that approximately parallels
that of the Chalcidoidea. Both superfamilies have parasitic and phytophagous forms, although
the Cynipoidea does not include known genera that have phytophagous as well as parasitic spe-
cies. In the Chalcidoidea several genera include phytophagous and parasitic species; in the Cyni-
poidea no such mixtures occur below the family level. It should be borne in mind, however, that
the present classification of the Cynipoidea may have given unjustifiable weight to the habits of
the forms placed in the various higher categories. In any case, in each superfamily it is debatable
whether the phytophagous or parasitic habit is the more primitive. Although all authorities
agree that the members of each superfamily came originally from phytophagous ancestors, there
is disagreement as to whether the first Hymenoptera recognizable as representing either super-
family were parasitic or phytophagous. If they were parasitic, as many authorities believe, the
present-day phytophagous species are secondarily evolved from parasitic ancestors. The close
agreement in essential morphological characters among all members of each superfamily ex-
cludes the possibility of polyphyletic origin for the parasitic and phytophagous forms.
Revision: Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910. Das Tierreich, 24, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, 891 pp.
(world monograph, literature through 1905). —Weld, 1952. Cynipoidea 1905-1950. Ann
Arbor, Mich., Privately Printed, 351 pp. (supplement to Dalla Torre and Kieffer;
illustrated keys).
Taxonomy: Felt, 1940. Plant Galls and Gall Makers, pp. 78-228; 254-269; 329-338 (illustrated
keys to galls). —Weld, 1957. Cynipid Galls of Pacific Slope.
Ann Arbor, Mich., Privately
Printed, 80 pp. (illustrated keys to galls). —Weld, 1959. Cynipid Galls of the Eastern
United States, Ann Arbor, Mich., Privately Printed, 158 pp. (illustrated keys to galls).
—Weld, 1960. Cynipid Galls of the Southwest. Ann Arbor, Mich., Privately Printed, 51 pp.
(illustrated keys to galls).
Family IBALIIDAE
Subfamily IBALIINAE
Biology: Cameron, 1965. Commonwlth. Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5: 18.
leucospoides ensiger Norton. Transcont. introd. into N. Zeal, and Australia. Ibalia
leucospoides leucospoides (Hochenwarth) is Palearctic. Host: Siricidae and Syntexidae in
conifers.
Ibalia ensiger Norton, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 200. 9.
maculipennis Haldeman. Que., Ont., Eastern U. S. Host: Tremex coloviba (L.). Differs from
scalpellator Westwood only by slight differences in color, teste Weld, 1952. Cynipoidea
1905-1950, p. 150.
Ibalia maculipennis Haldeman, 1846. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 3: 127. 9.
Ibalia fasciipennis Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, Bui. 26: 57. 9.
rufipes rufipes Cresson. Nova Scotia, N. B., Que., Ont., Man., Alta., Host: Sirex cyaneus Fab.,
Urocerus gigas flacicornis (Fab.). The subspecies rufipes drewseni Borries is Palearctic.
Ibalia rufipes Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: Proc. xvii. 9.
Ibalia gigantea Yoshimoto, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1196. 9, cJ.
Family LIOPTERIDAE
Subfamily MESOCYNIPINAE
Mostly exotic. Habits unknown.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1962 (1961). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 63: 279. -Maa, 1962. Taiwan Mus.,
Quart. Jour. 15: 124.
zonatus Weld. Tex.
Paraniblynotus zonatus Weld, 1944. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 46: 56, fig. 2. 9.
SuperfamUy CYNIPOIDEA 1047
Kiefferia Ashmead, 1903. Psyche 10: 10. Preocc. by Mik, 1895 and Kunstler and Chaine,
1902.
Type-species: Kiefferia rugosa Ashmead. Monotypic.
Kiefferiella Ashmead, 1903. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 5: 221. N. name.
acmaeodera Weld. Idaho.
Kiefferiella acmaeodera Weld, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 291. ?.
Family FIGITIDAE
Subfamily ASPICERATINAE
Parasites in the puparia of Syrphidae.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 22. —Weld, 1952. Cynipoidea 1905-1950, p.
168.
nigra (Hartig). N. Y., Del., Va., Ala., 111., Okla., Colo., Idaho; Europe. Prob. adventive. Host:
Syrphid puparia.
Figites niger Hartig, 1840 (1839). Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 202. 9.
provancheri Ashmead. Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Conn., Pa., Mich., Ind., Ill, Wis., Idaho.
Host: Meta.syrplius (uiiericanus (Wiedemann).
Callaspidia provancheri Ashmead, 1887. In Provancher, Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada
Hym., p. 167. 9.
Subfamily ANACHARITINAE
Parasitic in the cocoons of lace-wing flies: Chrysopa, St/))iplierobius, Hemerobiiis.
Subfamily FIGITINAE
Soleiiaspifi ningularia Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 183. S, 9.
339! 6.
iowensis Ashmead. Iowa.
Melaiiips ioiceiisis Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 158. 6, 9.
opacus (Hartig). Calif.; Europe.
Scijfodes opacHs Hartig, 1840. Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 202. 6,9.
Biology: Belizin, 1966. Kishinev. Moldavian Nauch.-Issled Inst. Sadov. Vinograd.: Vinod. Ent.,
Trudy 13: 9. (Russian hosts).
semirugosus (Crawford). N. Y. (Adirondack Mts.).
AiHbhjnofiis seniiriigosits Crawford, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 172. 9.
slossonae (Crawford). N. H. (Mt. Washington).
AiitblijHofiis slossonae Crawford, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 171. 9.
Zygosis Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Geseil. Wien, Verh. 19: 363, 365.
Family EUCOILIDAE
Parasites in the puparia of Diptera.
Taxonomy: Quinlan, 1967. R. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (B) 36: 1-10 (itey to genera).
Trirlioptrasetna aslniieadi Rohwer and Fagan, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 377,
footnote. N. name, unnecessarily proposed.
ashmeadi (Kieffer). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Copterencoila americana Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 152, top line. 9.
Preocc. by Ashmead, 1887.
Cleidotowa (Cleidotomad)) a.sliweadi Kieffer, 1901. Feuille Jeunes Nat. (4)31: 161. N.
name.
fossa Kieffer. Calif. (San Mateo Co.).
Kleidotoma fonm Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 60. 9.
marginata (Gillette). 111. (Quincy, Normal).
Copterencoila marginata Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 203. 9.
marginata var. glabra Kieffer. Calif. (San Mateo Co.).
Kleidotovia marginata var. glabra Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 61. S, 9.
Tetrarhoptra Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 342, 349.
Type-species: Kleidotonia heterotoma Thomson. Grig, desig.
Tetratonia Cameron, 1890. Monog. Brit. Phytophagous Hym., v. 3, p. 223.
Type-species: Kleidotonia heterotoma Thomson. Desig. by Rohwer and Fagan, 1917.
alaskensis (Ashmead). Alaska (St. Paul Island).
TetrarhapfaC) alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 141. 6, 9.
lugens Kieffer. Colo., Calif.
Kleidotoma lugens Kieffer, 1908. Soc Sci. Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 62. 9.
tristis Kieffer. Calif. (San Mateo Co.).
Kleidotoma (Tetrarhoptra) tristis Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 62. 9.
Kleidotomidea Rohwer and Fagan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 369.
Heptameris Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 342, 350.
Type-species: Eucoela pygmaea Dahlbom. Monotypic.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1053
Hexacola Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 342, 349.
Taxonomy: Weld. 1962 (1961). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 280.
hexatoma (Hartig). Va.; Europe. Prob. introduced with its host. Host: Osci)iella frit (L.).
Taxonomy: Weld, 1962 (1961). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 280.
fungicola (Crawford). D. C.
Hexaplasta fnngicola Crawford, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 581. 9.
lucida (Rohwer). N. Y. (Syracuse).
Hexaplasta lucida Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 219. cJ, 9.
marlatti (Crawford). Va. (Warrenton).
Hexaplasta marlatti Crawford, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 580. S, 9.
minuta (Crawford). Tenn. (Nashville).
Hexaplasta minuta Crawford 1917 (1916). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 101. 9.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1962 (1961). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 280.
Tri/bliographa Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 345, 359.
Type-species: Cotlionaspis scutellaris Hartig. Orig. desig.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1055
Dhtiicrostrophis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 160. No
included spp.
Diniicrosthopliisil) Ashmead, 1887. In Provancher, Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym.,
p. 172.
Type-species: Diniicrosfropliis nificornis Ashmead. First included sp.
Dimicrostkopis Sharp, 1888. Zool. Rec. 24 (Ins.): 204. Emend.
Dusuietiola Tavares, 1924. Broteria, Rev. Luso-Brazil, Ser. Zool. 21: 18.
Biology: Wishart and Monteith, 1954. Canad. Ent. 56: 145-154 (immature stages).
ruficornis (Ashmead). Que. (Cap Rouge).
Di)tiicroKtrophis ruficornis Ashmead, 1887. In Provancher, Addit. Corr. Faune Ent.
Canada Hym., p. 173. 9.
Hiipolethria Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 343, 354.
Type-species: Encoela nielanoptem Hartig. Monotypic.
vitellinipes (Kieffer). Pa. (Jeannette).
Encoela citelli)iipes Kieffer, 1907. Ent. Ztschr. Stuttgart 21: 138. 6.
Rhoptroweris Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 344, 356.
Aglaotonia Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 334, 354.
Type-species: Cotlio)iaspi.s codrina Hartig. Monotypic.
Cri/pteucoela Kieffer, 1904. hi Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 7 bis, p. 618.
Type-species: Cothoiiaspi.s codrina Hartig. Desig. by Rohwer and Pagan, 1917.
Aglaotoniidea Rohwer and Fagan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 360.
Type-species: Aglaotonia foevaten Kieffer. Orig. desig.
texana Crawford. Te.x. (Dallas).
Aglaotonia texana Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 309. S, 9.
Hexanieroceiv Kieffer, 1901. Feuille Jeunes Nat. (4) 31: 174, 175, 176.
Type-species: Encoila rufirentris Giraud. Desig. by Ashmead, 1903.
maculipes (Ashmead). Fla.
Hexaplasta niaculipes Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 152. 9.
quadripunctata (Kieffer). Calif.
Encoela niexicaiia Ashmead, 1895. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2)5: 541. 9. Preocc. by
Cameron, 1889.
Encoela (Psicliacra) qnadripnncfata Kieffer, 1901. Feuille Jeunes Nat. (4)31: 176. N. name.
zimmermanni (Kieffer). "Carolina."
Encoela (Hexanieroceiv) zinnnennanni Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol.
4:333. 9.
hunteri (Crawford). Tex. (Dallas). Host: Lirio)injza sp., a cotton leaf miner.
Eitcoila Intnferi Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 310. 9.
Family ALLOXYSTIDAE
Parasites of braconid or chalcidoid primary parasites of aphids or other Hemiptera-
Homoptera.
Taxonomy: Fallen, 1963. Fauna Fenn. 15: 3-23.
Allotria Westwood, 1833. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 494. Preocc. by Huebner, 1823.
Type-species: Allotria victrix Westwood. Monotypic
Xyntiis Hartig, 1840 (1839). Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 186. Preocc. by Schoenherr, 1826.
Type-species: Xystus erythrocephalus Hartig. Desig. by Rohwer and Fagan, 1917.
Alloxynta Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 338, 340.
Type-species: Xystus macrophadnus Hartig. Monotypic.
Pezoplnjcta Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 338, 339.
Type-species: Xystus brachypterus Hartig. Orig. desig.
Nephycta Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 338, 339.
Type-species: Nephycta discreta Foerster. Orig. desig.
abdominalis Baker. Colo. (Ft. ColHns).
Alloxysta abdominalis Baker, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 135. 9.
leguminosa (Weld), n. comb. Idaho, Utah, Oreg. Host: Aplielinits lapisligni How. in Roepkea
bakeri (Cowen).
Charips (Charips) leginiiiiiosa Weld, 1920. Ent. News 31: 15. 9, 6.
vagans Kieffer. Mass. (Forest Hills). Ecology: Reared from Hijalopteroides hiunilis (Walk.).
Alloxijsta oagans Kieffer, 1909. Naturw. Ztschr. f. Forst. u. Landw. 7: 480. 9.
victrix (Westwood). Greenland; Europe.
Allotria cictrix Westwood, 1833. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6: 495. 9.
Dilijta Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 19: 338, 340.
Family CYNIPIDAE
All the species of this family inhabit plants, either as gall-makers or as inquilines. The latter
develop in galls produced by other Cynipidae, by Chalcidoidea, or by Diptera. The first subfami-
ly, Synerginae, contains only inquilines, or as often designated in cynipid literature, guests. The
second subfamily, Cynipinae, is composed entirely of gall producing species.
The arrangement of genera and species used here is based on the published papers of the late
L. H. Weld, his unpublished notes, and his arrangement of the U. S. N. M. collection. The nomen-
clature used here may or may not agree with that used by Felt in his 1940 pubHcation, Plant
Galls and Gall Makers, 364 pp. All evidence is that Mr. Weld thoroughly considered Felt's
nomenclature before he prepared the Cynipidae section of the 1951 Hymenoptera Catalog.
As was done in the 1951 Hymenoptera Catalog, two large papers by A. C. Kinsey are cited as
separate publications. This is done primarily because those works were widely distributed by
Kinsey as separate volumes. The complete references for them are as follows: Kinsey, 1930. The
Gall Wasp Genus Cynips, Ind. Univ. Studies 16 (84, 85, 86): 1-577, June, Sept., Dec. 1929, issued
Feb. 1930. (Waterman Inst. Sci. Res. Pub. 42; Contrib. Dept. Zool., Ind. Univ. No. 220, Ent. Ser.
No. 7). Kinsey, 1936. The Origin of Higher Categories in Cynips, Ind. Univ. Pubs., Sci. Ser. No. 4:
1-334, issued Nov. 1936. (Contrib. Dept. Zool., Ind. Univ. No. 242, Ent. Ser. No. 10).
Subfamily SYNERGINAE
All members of this subfamily develop as inquilines, or guests, in galls on various plants.
Although all the species of this subfamily emerge from galls, in no instance do they induce the
formation of the galls. There is, however, evidence that some inquilines cause slight changes in
the structure of the galls they inhabit. Their entire development occurs in galls induced by mem-
bers of the subfamily Cynipinae, some chalcidoids, or the dipterous gall makers in the family
Cecidomyiidae. It often occurs, however, that so many inquilines emerge from the galls, and so
few of the gall-makers emerge (in some instances no gall-makers emerge), that it is easy to
misjudge the habits of the inquilines. As a matter of fact, some of the inquilines have been
described as gall-makers, but in no instance is that true. Mani, 1964, (Ecology of Plant Galls, pp.
236-238), gives a summary of the existing literature on cynipid inquilines.
The subfamily name Synerginae was first proposed by Ashmead, 1896, (Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 23: 186). This group somewhat corresponds to the "Group Inquilinae" proposed by Hartig,
1840, (Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 197). Hartig's name Inquilinae is not available for use because it is not
based on a generic name in the Cynipidae. Actually, Hartig's name Inquilinae was a descriptive
term that meant "Einmieter" or lodger.
Saphonecrus Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910. Das Tierreich, Lief. 24, p. 605.
Type-species: Synergus cointatas Hartig. Orig. desig.
Guests in galls on oak.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1061
Synergus magnus Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 202. 9.
medullae Ashmead. Fla. Host: Callirliytis quercusmedullae (Ashmead) gall.
Synergus medullae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 297, 302. 9, 6.
mendax Walsh. Host: Callirliytis quercuspunctata (Bassett) gall.
111.
pacificus McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Host: Heteroems pacificus (Ashmead) gall.
SyiienjKs pacificiin McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser.
Biol.
Cewptren poniifoDiiin Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 300. 6.
profusus McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Host: Disholcanpin canesce)is (Bassett) gall.
Synergmt profitxtin McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol.
Sci. 3(1): 59. 9, d.
punctatus Gillette. Colo. Host: Disholcaspis nibetis (Gillette), Xanthotems eburneimi (Bassett)
galls.
Synergiis punctata Gillette, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 90, 94. 9, 6.
rutulus McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Host: Disholcaspi.s plionbella Kinsey gall.
Syiien/iis nttulus McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser.
Biol. Sci.
3(1): 60. 9.
Ceroptren .succinipedis Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 300. 9.
varicolor Fullaway. Calif. Host: Callirliytis quercunpomifoniiis (Bassett) gall.
Synergiis varicolor Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
4: 371. 9,6.
variegatus McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Host: Heteroecus pacificus (Ashmead) gall.
Univ. Ser. Biol.
Synergus variegatus McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs.,
Sci. 3(1): 51. 9, 6.
Synophrus albipes Walsh, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 2: 479, 496. 9,6. Preocc by Hartig,
1841.
Gillette, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 97. N. name.
Synergus walshii
Genus SYNOPHRUS Hartig
Guests in galls on Rubus and Rosa. Unfortunately the type-species of this genus, S. salicis
on
Ashmead, is from an unknown locality and its host was supposed to be a dipterous gall-maker
Salix. The type of salicis has not been located and probably does not exist.
Synophromorpha rubi Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 317. 9,6.
sylvestris (Osten Sacken). Conn., Ont, N. Y., N. J., D. C, Mich. Host: Diplolepis ignota (Osten
Sacken) gall.
Synophnis sylvestris Osten Sacken, 1861. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 22: 415. 9.
arefactus McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Host: Diplolepis arefacta (Gillette) gall.
Periclistus arefactus McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser. Biol.
Sci. 3(1): 62." 9, 6.
CeivptiTs lanigerae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 301. 9.
minutissimi Ashmead. Fla. Host: Neiirotenis qiieycits))n)iHtissi)iiu.s (Ashmead) gall.
Ceroptres miuHtissliiil Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 301. 9,6.
montensis Weld. Calif. Host: Andriciis renifonHis McCracken and Egbert gall.
Ceroptren wontcnsis Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 108. 9,6.
niger Fullaway. Cahf. Specimen now labeled as Type in California Academy of Science is not a
CetoptreK, but an undetermined gall-maker; original description of niger is clearly that
of a true Ceroptre.s.
Ceroptren niger Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 373. 9.
Euceroptres maritimus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 113, 116. 9, 6.
inontanus Weld. Calif. Host: Disholcaspis truckeensis (Ashmead) gall.
Euceroptres moiitanus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68(10): 113, 116. 9, 6.
primus Ashmead. Fla. Host: Andricus quercuspetiolicola (Bassett) gall and other oak galls.
Euceroptres primus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 187. 9,6.
Aylaxd) futilis Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 51, 64. 6.
Subfamily CYNIPINAE
In this subfamily all species are gall-makers. The species of the first few genera, Gonaspis
through Diplolepis, produce galls on plants other than Quercus.
From the genus Neuroterus to
the end of the subfamily all but two of the species produce galls only on Quercus. The two ex-
are Andricus mendocinensis Weld, which is a gall-maker on the tanbark oak, Lithocar-
ceptions
which produces galls on
pus densiflorus, and Dryocosmus castanopsidis (Beutenmueller),
have by some
Castauopsis citrysophylla and C. semperviren.'i. Lithocarpus and Ca.^tanopsis
Botanists been considered to be synonyms of Quercus. The prevalent current opinion is that
those two genera are very closely related to Quercus, but are distinct.
The subfamily Cynipinae is limited here as it was by Ashmead, 1903. (Psyche 10: 145). This
1066 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
corresponds somewhat with the old term Psenides Hartig, 1840. (Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 187). The
name Psenides Hartig is not based on any generic name in the Cynipoidea, but is a descriptive
term meaning "Gallenerzeuger" or gall producer.
There are European species of gall-makers that are commonly intercepted at our ports of
entry, but they are not known to have been established in North America. The best known of
these is Andricua kollari (Hartig). This produces bud galls on Quercus rober and other Europe-
an oaks. The galls produced by this species are imported for the production of permanent inks
that are required by law in some states for signatures to certain documents. The cynipid
gall-makers occasionally have been known to emerge in factories where these inks are produced,
and some factory workers have complained that they were stung by the cynipids. Many of the
species of oaks on which this cynipid produces galls in Europe are grown in North America as
rare ornamentals. This cynipid has not yet been found developing here. "Nut galls" or "Aleppo
galls," produced by Adleria gallaetinctoriae (Olivier), are also commonly imported, as are the
acorn galls oi Andriciis glandiuni (Giraud). The cynipids producing these galls are not known to
be established in North America.
Taxonomy: Eady and Quinlan, 1963. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins. 8(la): 1-81.
potentillae (Bassett). N. B. s. to Va., w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Produces globular galls in leaf
axils of Poteiitilla spp.
Diastropliux potent iUae Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 689. 9, d, gall.
Diofitrophus acutellariH Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 191.
Antistrophus minor Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 196. 9, 6, gall.
Aulax Gillettei Kieffer, 1902. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz., Bui. (2) 10: 95. N. name unnecessarily
proposed.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1067
rufus Gillette. Kans. Ecology: Bred from galls hidden in stem of Silpliiuvi laciniatuni.
111.,
A)itistrophus rufus Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 195. 9, 6, gall.
silphii Gillette. Va., 111., Nebr. Ecology: Produces club-shaped subterminal stem galls on
Silpliiu)ii perfoliatuui.
AnthtrophuH ailphii Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 192. 9,6, gall.
AniintrophuH leavenworthi Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 310. 9, 6, gall.
DiastrophuH baasettii Beutenmueller, 1892. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 4: 248. 6, gall.
cuscutaeformis Osten Sacken. Conn, to S. C, w. to Ont., 111., Iowa. Ecology: Produce seedlike
galls on Rubus stems near ground level.
Dittstroplius cuscutaefoDiiis Osten Sacken, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 39. 9, 6, gall.
fragariae Beutenmueller. R. I., N. Y., s. to Va., w. to Ont., 111. Ecology: Produce galls on petiole
of strawberry, Fragaria virginiana.
Diastrophus fragariae Beutenmueller, 1915. Canad. Ent. 47: 353. 6, gall.
fusiformans Ashmead. Ont., Colo. Ecology: Produce galls on PotentUla sp. that are slight
swellings, often curved, in stems.
Diastrophus fusiforwaus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 13, 38. 9, gall.
C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce lumpy and pithy
kincaidii Gillette. Colo., Idaho, B.
stem on Rubus parriflorus.
galls
Diastrophus kincaidii Gillette, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 110. 9, 6, gall.
Diastrophus kincaidii var. austrior Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 54. 9, 6, gall.
minimus Bassett. Mass., Conn., N. J. Ecology: Produce small, oval galls on internodes of
Potenfilla canadensis.
Diastrophus minimus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 325. 9, 6, gall.
nebulosus (Osten Sacken). Conn, to Fla., w. to Ont., Kans., Okla. Ecology: Produce stem galls
on Rubus sp., blackberries, that are large, abrupt, pithy, subterminal swellings with
longitudinal grooves.
Cguips (Diasfrophusn nebulosus Osten Sacken, 1861. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 22: 415. 9, gall.
niger Bassett. Mass., N. Y., D. C, Mich., 111., Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce spindle-shaped stem
galls on PotentUla ca)iadensis.
Diastrophus niger Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 324. 9, gall.
piceus Provancher. Ont. (Ottawa).
Diastrophus piceus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 161. 9, 6.
radicum Bassett. Conn. s. to N. C, w. to Ont., Mich., Colo. Ecology: Produce irregular, globose
root galls on black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis.
Diastrophus radicum Bassett, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 98. 9, 6, gall.
smilacis Ashmead. 111. Originally described from specimens said to be from gall on Smilax;
has not been reared again since. The plant record may be incorrect.
this species
Diastrophus smilacis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 19: 135. 9, gall.
tumefactus Kinsey. Que., Ont. Ecology: Produce enlarged stem galls on PotentUla.
Diastrophus tumefactus Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, Bui.
42: 299. 9, gall.
turgidus Bassett. Que., Maine, Ont., Conn., D. C, N. Y., Ind., 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce abrupt
stem sweeling galls on red raspberries, Rubus strigosus.
Diastrophus turdigusC) Bassett, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 99. 9, gall.
Diastrophus turgidus Bassett, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 100.
1068 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
LipoHihenuH (!) Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 19: 332.
Liposthenes Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 336.
Type-species: Aiilax glechoviae Hartig. Orig desig.
Produce galls on Nepeta liecleracea, in Europe and North America.
glechomae (Linnaeus). Maine s. W. Va., 111. Europe. Ecology: Produce
to Va., w. to Ont.,
Nepeta hederacea. Introduced from Europe with its host
globular, green, fleshy galls on
plant and established in the Eastern U. S. and Ontario.
Cynips Glechomae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 553. 9, gall.
Diu^trophuH siwilix Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 95. 9, gall.
Aulax Latreillei Kieffer, 1898. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 17: 257. 9,6, gall.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1952. Cynipoidea 1905-1950, p. 273.
Taxonomy: Eady and Quinlan, 1963. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins. 8 (la): 17-18.
hypochaeridis (Kieffer). Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe. Ecology: Produce stem swelling galls on
Hi/pochaeiis radicata. Introduced from Europe into Pacific Coast states.
Aulax hi/pochaeridis Kieffer, 1887. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 37: 205. 9, gall.
taraxaci (Ashmead). Ont., N. Y., 111., Minn., Iowa; Hawaii, Europe. Ecology: Produce fusiform
galls on petiole, leaf midrib, or base of peduncle. Introduced from Europe along with its
host plant. Taraxacum officinale.
Gillettea taraxaci Ashmead, 1897. Psyche 8: 69. 9, 6, gall.
abdita Kinsey. Que. Ecology: Produce cell-like galls in pith oi Lactuca. This is doubtfully
distinct from harriiigtoiii (Ashmead).
Aulacidea abdita Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 296. 9, 6, gall.
ambrosiaecola (Ashmead). Mo. (Kirkwood). Ecology: Supposed to produce galls on A)iihrosia,
but has not been found again since it was described.
Aulax anibro.fiaecola Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 134. 9, c5, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1069
annulata Kinsey. Mass. (Sharon). Ecology: Produce galls on Lactuca. This may be a synonym
of tionida (Bassett).
Aitlacidea (uniulata Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bull. 42: 298. 9, 6, gall.
harringtoni (Ashmead). Ont. to D. C, w. to Mo. Ecology: Produce cell-like galls in pith of
stems of Lactitca rillosa, probably other species of Lactuca also.
Aniax haryiugto)ii Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 146. 9.
Aulax bicolor Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3(1): 201. 9.
Aniax niitlgediicoluAshmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 133. 9, 6, gall.
Aniax cacicola Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 134. 9.
nabali (Brodie). Que. to N. C, w. to 111. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Pre)ia)itltes, these
hemispherical swellings on the stem just below surface of ground.
Aulax nabali Brodie, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 12. 9, 6, gall.
podagrae (Bassett). N. Y., Pa., Va., Ill, Mo. Ecology: Produce knotty stem galls on Lactuca
canadensis, these scattered along stem at leaf bases.
Aulax podagrae Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 91. 9, i, gall.
tumida (Bassett). Ont. to Va., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce galls that are swellings near ape.x of
stem of Lactuca canade)isis and Sonchus.
Aulax tuniidus Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 92. 9, 6, gall.
Aulax sonchicola Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 134. 9, 6, gall.
Aulacidea solidaginis Girault, 1903. Ent. News 14: 323. 9, 6, gall.
Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762. Hist. Abregee des Ins., v. 2, p. 308. Not available for
nomenclatorial purposes, Internatl. Comm. Zool. NomencL, Opinion 228, 1954.
Diplolepis Fourcroy, 1785. Ent. Parisiensis, pt. 2, p. 391.
Type-species: Cii>iips wsae Linnaeus. Desig. by Karsch, 1880.
Rhodites Hartig, 1840 (1839). Ztschr. f. Ent. 2: 186.
Type-species: Cij)iips wsae Linnaeus. Desig. by Foerster, 1869.
Hololexis Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 19: 330, 333.
Type-species: Hololexis rufipes Foerster. Monotypic.
Tribalia Walsh, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 470.
Type-species: Tribalia batatoruni Walsh. Monotypic.
Lyforlmdites Kieffer, 1902. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz., Bui. (2) 10: 96.
Type-species: Rhodites arefactus Gillette. Desig. by Rohwer and Fagan, 1917.
Produce galls on Rosa. It is unfortunately true that the bulk of the literature about this
genus used the generic name Rhodites. There is some sentiment for asking the Commission to
place Rhodites on the list of conserved names, but no such proposal has been presented. As the
years pass and literature accumulates using the name Diplolepis, the likelihood of such a
proposal being made to the Commission becomes increasingly less likely.
arefacta (Gillette). Colo., Ariz., Utah, Nev., Wash. Ecology: Produce galls on small shoots of
Rosa.
Rhodites arefactus Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 157. 9,6, gall.
ashmeadi (Beutenmueller). Oreg. Ecology: Produce globose galls on Rosa nutkana stems.
Rhodites ashmeadi Beutenmueller, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 306. 9, gall.
bassetti bassetti (Beutenmueller). Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Produce clusters of small, woody
galls with fine, curled filaments on twigs of Rosa nutkana.
Rhodites ba.'isetti Beutenmueller, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 307. 9,6, gall.
bassetti lucida Kinsey. Idaho, Oreg. Ecology: Produce clusters of small woody galls with stout,
straight filaments on twigs of Rosa nutkana.
Diplolepis bas.'fetti var. lucida Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies
53: 57. 9, 6, gall.
bicolor (Harris). Maine to Va., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce spherical, spiny leaf galls on Rosa;
galls may completely conceal leaves.
Cynips bicolor Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 399. 9, 6, gall.
1070 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
californica (Beutenmueller). Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce fairly large, spherical galls
on terminals of Rosa twigs; gall covered with dense, irregular filaments and
semi-aborted leaves.
Rhodites califoniiciis Beutenmueller, 1914. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 9: 88. 9, 6, gall.
dichlocera (Harris). Ont. to Va. w. to 111. Ecology: Produce fusiform stem galls on Rosa; galls
usually with prickly surface.
Cynips diclilocerits Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 399. 9,6, gall.
fulgens (Gillette). Conn., Ont., N. Y., N. J., W. Va., 111., Minn., S. Dak., Colo. Ecology: Produce
potatolike root galls on Rosa bkuula.
Rhodites fulgens Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 159. 9.
fusiformans fusiformans (Ashmead). Ont., 111., Nebr., Colo., Ariz. Ecology: Produce fusiform
or abrupt, one-sided enlargements of stems oi Rosa.
Rhodites fMsifoniians Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 14. 9, 6, gall.
fusiformans mendocinensis Kinsey. Calif. Ecology: Produce polythalamous stem galls on
Rosa.
Diplolepis fusifor)iians var. tiiendocinensis Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 62. 9, 6,
gall.
fusiformans minuta Kinsey. Calif. Ecology: Produce small stem galls on Rosa, each gall
containing 4 or less cells.
Diplolepis fiisifoniunis var. iinnuta Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 61. 9, 6, gall.
gracilis (Ashmead). Mass., Conn., Ont., N. Y., 111., Wis., Utah. Ecology: Produce galls on under
side of Rosa leaves; galls single or in clusters, each one globular with flattened top.
Rhodites gracilis Ashmead, 1897. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 135. 9, d, gall.
ignota (Osten Sacken). Ont. to Va., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce globular, hard, many-celled galls
on under side of leaves of Rosa; several galls may coalesce into an irregular mass;
surface of gall covered with mealy white bloom. Mealy rose gall.
,
Rhodites ignota Osten Sacken, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 45, 49, 63. 9, cJ, gall.
Rhodites Carolina Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 133, 148. 9, gall.
lens Weld. Wash., Oreg., Cahf. Ecology: Produce small lens-shaped leaf galls on Rosa nutkana.
Diplolepis lens Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 320. 9,6.
mayri (Schlechtendal). N. J., Ohio; Europe. Ecology: Produce lobed, terminal stem galls on
Rosa rnl)igi)iosa. Introduced from Europe; first identified from New Jersey specimens
in 1914.
Rhodites mayri Schlechtendal, 1877 (1876). Jabresber. Ver. Zwickau, p. 59. 9, gall.
nebulosa (Bassett). Conn., Ont., N. Y., N. J., 111. Ecology: Produce small, globular galls on
under side of leaves of Rosa; galls with a few, weak spines.
Rhodites nebtilosus Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 63. 9, gall.
neglecta (Gillette). Colo. Ecology: Produce abrupt, corky enlargements of small stems of Rosa;
surface of galls smooth.
Rhodites neglect us Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 158. 9,6, gall.
nodulosa (Beutenmueller). Mass., Md., Mich., 111. Ecology: Produce hardly perceptible
enlargements of base of lateral branches of Rosa, branches dying beyond galled area.
Rhodites nodnlosns Beutenmueller, 1909. Ent. News 20: 247. 9, gall.
oregonensis (Beutenmueller). Oreg. Ecology: Produce galls in buds of Rosa in spring, these
galls greatly distorting the buds.
Rhodites oregone>isis Beutenmueller, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 305. 9, gall.
ostensackeni (Beutenmueller). Oreg. Ecology: Produce root galls on Rosa nutkana.
Rhodites oste)isackeni Beutenmueller, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 307. 9, gall.
polita (Ashmead). Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce spherical, spiny leaf galls on Rosa
californica.
Rhodites polita Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 14. 9, 6, gall.
Rhodites occidentalis Beutenmueller, 1922. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 17: 45. 9, 6, gall.
pustulatoides (Beutenmueller). Va., Ind., Tenn., Colo., Utah, Oreg. Ecology: Produce small,
round or ovate galls on upper surface of Rosa leaves.
Rhodites pustulatoides Beutenmueller, 1914. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 9: 89. 9,6.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1071
radicum (Osten Sacken). Ont. and Mass. Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Produce
to Va., w. to Sask.,
large, potatolike galls on roots or stems of Rosa at ground level; galls usually hidden by
soil surface litter.
Rhodites radicuui Osten Sacken, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 42, 45, 46. 9, J, gall.
Tribal ia hatatoriitii Walsh, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 470. 9.
Rhodites utahensis Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 62. 9, d, gall.
DiploU'pis radicuui \a.r. John son i Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 67. 9, 6, gall.
Diplolcpix radiciDii var. plana Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 70. 9, gall.
Diplolepis radicum var. divergens Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 70. 9, 6, gall.
Diplolepis radicum var. angustior Hunter, 1923. Psyche 30: 173. 9, 6, gall.
rosae (Linnaeus). Que. to Va., w. to Kans.; Europe. Ecology: Produce large, 2-to 4-inch
diameter, spherical stem galls on Rosa eglanteria and R. rugo.sa; surface of gall densely
filamentous. Introduced from Europe, first found in Toronto, Ont. in 1868. Mossy rose
gall.
Ciinipn wsae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 553. 9, gall.
111. Ecology: Produce lentil-shaped leaf galls on
rosaefolii (Cockerell). Ont., N. Y., Ohio, Mich.,
Rosa.
Rhodites rosaefolii Cockerell, 1889. Ent. Monthly Mag. 25: 324, 363. 9, gall.
Rhoditvs Iciiticnlaris Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 59. 9, 6, gall.
similis (Ashmead). Wyo., Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Produce semi-spherical twig galls on Rosa;
surface of galls smooth.
Rhodites similis Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 136. 9, d, gall.
spinosa (Ashmead). Ohio, Wis., 111., Man., Minn., Sask., Alta. Ecology: Produce irregularly
lobed, subterminal stem galls on Rosa; surface of galls densely spinose.
Rhodites spinosa Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 134. gall.
Rhodites spinosissima Gillette, 1889. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 7: 284. Preocc. by Giraud,
1859.
Rhodites multispino.^a Gillette, 1890. Ent. Amer. 6: 25. 9, 6, gall.
terrigena Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce subterranean galls at crown of Rosa plants; gall
rather shaped like a bunch of grapes.
Diplolepis terrigena Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 102: 320. 9, c5, gall.
tuberculatrix (Cockerell). N. Dak., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce
abrupt, semi-spherical stem galls on Rosa; galls with numerous cells and outer surface
bears scattered spines.
Rhodites tuberculator Cockerell, 1888. West. Amer. Sci. 4: 60. 9, gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix- var. coloradensis form coloradensis Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind.
Univ. Studies 53: 149. 9, d, gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. coloradensis form subcoloradensis Kinsey and Ayres, 1922.
Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 150. 9, gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. wasatchensis Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53:
153. 9, d,gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. versicolor Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 156.
9, gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. melanderi Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53:
156. 9, J, gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. rubriderma Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53:
157. 9, c^.gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. sierranensis Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies
53:
158. 9, cJ.gall.
Diplolepis tuberculatrix var. descansonis Kinsey and Ayres, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53:
159. 9, cJ,gall.
variabilis (Bassett). N. Dak., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Produce irregularly
round, smooth, russet colored leaf galls on Rosa.
Rhodites variabilis Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 61. 9, 6, gall.
Rhodites globuloides Beutenmueller, 1907. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 23: 638. 9.
variabilis var. lutescens Kinsey. Colo.
Diplolepis variabilis var. lutescens Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 77. 9, S.
variabilis var. rufopicea Kinsey. Colo.
Diplolepis variabilis var. rufopicea Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 76. 9, 6.
variabilis var. sculpta Kinsey. Utah.
Diplolepis variabilis var. sculpta Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 75. 9, 6.
vema (Osten Sacken). P. E. I., Ont, s. to D. C. Ecology: Produce rounded enlargements of
small Rosa stems.
Rhodites vema Osten Sacken, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 41, 45, 47. 9 d gall.
, ,
cupulae Kinsey. Ecology: Produce galls in cup at base of acorn on Querciis lobata.
Calif.
Neiiroterun cupulae Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 99. 9, gall.
distortus Bassett. Conn., N. Y., N. J., 111. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus bicolor.
NeuroteruN diatortuN Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 336. 9, 6, gall.
dubius Bassett. Conn. Call unknown.
Neuroterus dubia Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 335. 9, 6.
dubius var. digressus Kinsey. Calif.
Neuroterus dubius var. digressus Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 32, 96. 9.
Neuroterus fugiens Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68: (10): 12. 9, 6, gall.
gillettei Bassett. Conn., Va. Ecology: Produces leaf galls on Quercus stellata.
Neuroterus Gillettei Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 334. 9, S, gall.
howertoni Bassett. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q.
oblongifolia.
Neuroterus howertoni Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 90. 9, gall.
lamellae Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus subturbinella.
Neuroterus lamellae Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 109-110. 9, gall.
minutus (Bassett). Mass., Conn., Ont., Pa., Va. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus alba.
Cgnips miuuta Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 96. 9, S, gall.
niger Gillette. Mass., Mich., Wis., Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus ntacrocarpa.
Neuroterus nigrum Gillette, 1888. Mich. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 27: 475. 9, gall.
niger var. alimas Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus virginia7ia.
Neuroterus niger var. alimas Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 30, 42. 9, 6, gall.
niger var. arizonicae Kinsey. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica.
Neuroterus niger var. arizonicae Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 30, 43. 9, gall.
niger var. griseae Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus grisea.
Neuroterus niger var. griseae Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 31, 44. 9, gall.
1074 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
niger var. nigripes Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercua breviloba, Q. stellata.
Neuroterus niger var. nigripes Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 14, 31, 45. 9, gall.
niger var. pattersoni Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qiiercusi breviloba, Q.
stellata.
Neuroterus niger var. pattersoni Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 14, 31, 47. 9, 6, gall.
Sexual gen.
Neuroterus niger var. pattersoni, agamic form hiemalis Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies
58: 47. 9. Agamic gen.
noxiosus (Bassett). Mass., Conn.,s. to W. Va., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce galls on Querciis
quercusbatatus var. prini Kinsey. R. I. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus pri)ius.
Neuroterus batatus var. priui, bisexual form pri)ii Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 33,
88. 9 gall. Sexual gen.
,
Neuroterus batatus var. prini, agamic form cleprini Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 89.
9, gall. Agamic gen.
quercusirregularis (Osten Sacken). N. Y., w. to Mo., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Quercus breviloba, Q. stellata. ^
Cipiips quercusirregularis Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 65. 6, gall.
C'gnips irregularis Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 340, 344, 349, 353, 379.
quercusirregularis var. albipleurae Kinsey. Tex.
Neuroterus irregularis var. albipleurae Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 14, 34, 99. 9,
gall.
quercusmajalis (Bassett). Ont. to Fla., w. to III., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
alba.
Cynips q. inajalis Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 682. 9,6, gall.
Cj/nips ))iajalis Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 353.
quercusminutissimus (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Queirus virginiana.
Cgnips q. minutissima Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. vii. 9, gall.
Neuroterus niiuutissimus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 296.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1075
quercusrileyi (Bassett). Mass. to Va., w. to Ind., Mo., Okla., Te.\. Ecology: Produce stem galls
on Que)-aiN nitiehlenbergii, Q. prinoides, Q. prinits.
Cynipn. q. rileiji Bassett, 1881. Amer. Nat. 15: 149. 9, gall.
Neurotents Rileiii Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 12: 296.
quercusrileyi var. atripleurae Kinsey. Okla.
Neurotenis rilet/i var. atripleurae Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 32, 118. 9, gall.
gall.
gall.
saltarius Weld. Mich., Ind., Minn., Iowa, Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
})iacrocarpa.
Neuroterus saltarius Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 11. 9, gall.
saltatorius (Edwards). Tex., Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls in agamic and sexual
generations on Quercus arizonica, Q. douglasii, Q. duniosa, Q. garrijana, Q. lobata, Q.
stellata, Q. cirgiuiana.
Cynips Saltatorius Edwards, 1874. Pacific Rural Press 7: 97. 9, gall.
Neuroterus decipiens Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 292.
9,6, gall. Sexual gen.
Taxonomy: Rosenthal and Koehler, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 565-570.
varians Kinsey. Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus doiiglasii, Q. lobafa.
Neiiroterus variant Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 294. 9, gall.
vernus Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qtierciis viacrocarpa.
Gillette.
Neuroferits venms Gillette, 1889. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 7: 281. 9, gall.
vesicula (Bassett). Ont. to Va., w. to III, Iowa, Tex. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus
alba.
CynipH vexicula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 97. 9, 6, gall.
vesicula var. cerinus Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus stellafa.
Neiiroterus vesicula var. cerinus Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 15, 35, 125. 9, 6,
gall.
vesicula var. ocularis Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus stellata.
Neuroterus vesicula var. ocularis Kinsey, 1923. Ind. Univ. Studies 58: 15, 35, 126. 9, 6,
gall.
virgens Gillette. Colo. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. gambelii, Q.
subturbinella.
Neuroterus virgens Gillette, 1895. Ent. News 4: 166. 9,6, gall.
coquilletti Ashmead. Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus chrysolepis, Q.
ivilcoxii.
Triclioteras coquilletti Ashmead, 1897. Psyche 6: 68. 9, gall.
Trigouaspis ohcouica Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 202. 9,6, gall. Sexual gen.
ornatum (Kinsey). Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus breviloba.
Trigouaspis ornata Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 139. 9,6, gall. Sexual gen.
politum (Bassett). N. w. to Mo., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
J. to Fla.,
on coastal plains and inland lowlands.
cliap)iiaui, Q. stellata
Cynips polita Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 99. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
pulchellum (Beutenmueller). Oreg., Calif.
Dryophanta pulchella Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 357. 9. Sexual gen.
pulchripenne (Ashmead). Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q.
oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella, Q. toutneyi.
Dryophanta pulchripennis Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 115. 9, gall. Agamic
gen.
Dryophanta porterae Cockerell, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 91. 9, gall.
Taxonomy: Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 812.
radicola (Ashmead). Ont., N. Y., N. J., Pa., D. C, Va., Ind., 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce root galls
on Quercus alba.
Dryophanta radicola Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 116. 9, gall. Sexual gen.
1078 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
teres Weld. Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus diiviosa, Q. garryana.
Xanthoteras terea Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 52. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
teres var. hildebrandae (Kinsey). Calif.
Cynips (A)itron) teres var. hildebrandae Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 217. 9,
gall. Agamic gen.
Acraspis Mayr, 1881. Zwanzig. Jahresber. Comm.-Oberrealsch. I. Bez. Wien. pp. 2, 29.
Type-species: Cijtiips pezouiaclioides Osten Sacken. Desig. by Rohwer and Fagan,
1917.
alaria Weld. Colo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus gauibelii.
Acraspis alaria Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (18): 14. 9, gall.
arida (Kinsey). Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus grisea.
Cynips (Acraspi.s) arida Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 313. 9, gall.
bandero (Kinsey). Colo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus gambelii.
Cynips (Acraspi.^) bandero Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 284. 9,
gall.
conica (Kinsey). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus gi-isea.
Cynips (Acraspis) conica Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 338. 9, gall.
Agamic gen.
Andricus fnlricollis form bicolens Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 354. 9, S,
gall.
Taxonomy: Triggerson, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7: 6. 9, 6, gall. Bisexual gen.
gemula (Bassett). N. Y., N. J., w. to Kans. Ecology: Produce galls on Quercus alba, Q.
uiichauxii, Q. ninehlotbergii, Q. pri)toides, sexual generation on the buds, agamic
generation on leaves.
Cynips gemula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 104. 9,6, gall.
gall.
hirtior (Kinsey). Utah. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus utahensis.
Cynips (Acraspis) hirtior Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 286. 9,
gall. Agamic gen.
inflata (Kinsey). Ind. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus alba.
Cynips (Acraspis) inflata Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 274. 9,
gall. Agamic gen.
longicornis (Bassett). Conn. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus stellata.
Dryophanta longicornis Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 327. c5, 9. Se.xual gen.
macrocarpae Bassett. Conn. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus niacrocarpa.
Acraspis macrocarpae Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 84. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Acraspis undulata Gillette, 1893. Ent. News 4: 28. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Cynips (Acraspis) hirta var. niacrescens Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 423. N.
name, unnecessarily proposed.
pezomachoides (Osten Sacken). Ont. s. to N. C, w. to Minn., Colo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls
on Quercus alba.
Cynips pezomachoides Osten Sacken, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 250. 9, gall. Agamic
gen.
pezomachoides var. advena (Kinsey). Tenn.
Cynips (Acraspis) pezomachoides var. advena Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p.
409. 9 gall. Agamic gen.
,
gall.Agamic gen.
quercushirta var. opima (Kinsey). 111.
Cynips (Acraspi.s) hirta var. opima Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 421. 9, gall.
Agamic gen.
quercushirta var. packorum (Kinsey). Utah.
(Acraspi.s) hirta var. packorum Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 418. 9,
Cynips
gall. Agamic gen.
quercushirta var. scelesta (Kinsey). Mich.
(Acraspi.s) hirta var. .scelesta Kinsey,
1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 422. 9, gall.
Cynips
Agamic gen.
1080 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
gall.
fulvicollis var. rubricosa (Kinsey). Tenn.
Cyuips (Philouix) fulcicollis var. rubricosa Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 254.
9, gall.
fulvicollis var. vorisi (Kinsey). Kans.
Cijuips (Philouix) fulcicollis var. vorisi Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 255. 9,
gall.
gall.
nigra (Gillette). Conn., Mich., Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus alba.
Acraspis niger Gillette, 1889. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 7: 282. 9, gall.
Acraspis Gillettei Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 323. 9, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1081
nigricollis Fitch. N. Y. Collected on snow before 1858 and not known to have been found or
reared since.
Philouix nifiricollis Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 783. 9.
Ta.xonomy. Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 262 (syn. of fitlcicol I is Fitch).
pallipes (Bassett). Conn., N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., 111. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus
alba.
Dnjophanta pallipes Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 327. 9, gall.
Ta.xonomy: Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 269 (se.xual form of fiilvicollis Fitch ?).
Liodom Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 19: 331, 334.
Type-species: Liodota sulcata Foerster. Monotypic.
apiarium Weld. D. C, Va. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qiiercus alba.
Liodom apiariutii Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 6. 9, gall.
clarkei (Bassett). Mass., Mo. Ecology: Produce bud galls on QuercMs alba, Q. stellata.
Dniophanta clarkei Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 69. 9, 6, gall.
Dniophanta cesiciiloides Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 114. 9, 3, gall.
comata Weld. Va. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quoxus alba.
Liodom comata Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 325. 9,6, gall.
sessile (Weld). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia.
Diplolepis sessilis Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68 (10): 31. 9, gall.
viscidum (Weld). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus oblongifolia.
Liodora uiscida Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 5. 9, gall.
Taxonomy: Niblett, 1955. So. London Ent. and Nat. Hist. Soc, Proc. and Trans. 1953-54, p.
144 (Possible syn. of Aiidricus Hartig).
arizonica (Cockerell). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica.
Holcaspis arizonica Cockerell, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 183. 9, gall.
dimorpha (Beutenmueller). N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., Mich., Ill, Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls
on Quercus alba, Q. luaciocarpa.
Cynips diniorplius Beutenmueller, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 39:
245. 9, gall.
(Ashmead). III.
flavicollis
Cynips flaricollis Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 133. 9.
nigricens (Gillette). N. Y., N. J., Va., Ohio, Mich., 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Quercus bicolor.
Cynips nigricens Gillette, 1888. Mich. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 27: 473. 9, gall.
Andricus Aslnneadii Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 320. 9.
1082 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
quercusstrobilana (Osten Sacken). Ont., Mass. to Va., w. to 111., Iowa. Ecology: Produce stem
galls on QHe)XH.s bicolor, Q. niaovcarpa.
Cy>iip>> q. strobilana Osten Sacken, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 254. gall.
Cynipx quercuif strobilana Osten Sacken, 1864. In Bassett, Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 690. 9.
Cynips strobilana Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 345, 349, 350.
vacciniiformis (Beutenmueller). Tex. Ecology. Produce leaf galls on QiiercHs stellata.
Cynips vacciniiformis Beutenmueller, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 39: 247. 9, gall.
weldi (Beutenmueller). Ont., Mass. to Va., w. to 111., Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce leaf petiole
galls on Que reus alba.
Cynips weldi Beutenmueller, 1918. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 13: 118. 9, gall.
nigra Beutenmueller. Ariz.; Mexico. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus evioryi, Q.
hypoleuca.
Amphibolips nigra Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 198. 9.
Taxonomy: Beutenmueller, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 348 (gall).
nubilipennis (Harris). Mass. to Va., w. to Mich., 111., Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on red
oaks.
Cynips nubilipennis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 399. 9, gall
Cyiiips q. sculptus Bassett, 1863. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 2: 324. 9, S, gall.
quercuscinerea (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus cinerea.
Cynips q. cinerea Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xix. 9, gall.
Amphibolips cinerea Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 294.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1083
biconicus Weld. D. C, Va., w. to Mo., Ark., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
stellata.
Audricus bicouicus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 68. 9, gall.
bracteatus Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia, Q.
reticulata, Q. touuieiji.
Audricus bracteatus Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 7. 9, gall.
brunneus Fullaway. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus douglasii, Q. dumosa, Q.
garrtjaua, Q. lobata.
Audricus bruniieus Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 353. 9, gall.
caepula (Weld). N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus ai-izonica, Q.
oblo)igifolia, Q. subturhiuella.
Diplolepis caepula Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 19. 9, gall.
capillatus (Weld). Md., D. C, Va. w. to III, Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
alba .
Diplolepis capillata Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 20. 9, gall.
cellularius Gillette. Colo. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus undulata.
Audricus cellularius Gillette, 1892. Ent. News 3: 247. 9, gall.
Neurotems cellula (!) Gillette, 1902. In Mayr, Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 52: 289.
chico Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus lobata.
Andricus chico Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 328. 9, gall.
chinquapin (Fitch). Conn., N. Y. to Va., w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
alba, Q. bicotor, Q. priuoides.
Figites chinquapin Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 820. 9, gall.
Cgnips quercus fusifonn is Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 61. 9, gall.
C'ljnips capsnlaBasseit, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 101. 9, 6, gall.
chrysobalani Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus chrysolepis.
Audricus chrysobalani Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 71. 9, gall.
chrysolepidicola (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls in agamic generation, bud
galls in sexual generation, on Quercus douglasii, Q. dumosa, Q. garryana, Q.
lobata.
Cynips kelioggi Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 345. 9, gall.
Cynips rufescens McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser., Biol. Sci.
Plagiotrichus (!) chrysolepidicola var. compositus Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 118.
9, gall.
crystallinus Bassett. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus douglasii, Q. dujnosa, Q.
garryana.
Andricus crystallinus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 319. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Biology: Doutt, 1960. Pan-Pacific Ent. 36: 167-170 (female, male, gall; sexual gen. on leaves of
Quercus douglasii).
deciduatus Weld. 111. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus bicolor.
Andricus deciduatus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 72. 9, gall.
discalis (Weld). N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus subtiirbinella.
Diplolepis discalis Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68 (10): 24. 9, gall.
discularis (Weld). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus garryana.
Diplolepis discularis Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 25. 9, gall.
foliaformis Gillette. N. Y., Mich., Ill, Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus alba, Q.
bicolor, Q. viacrocarpa.
An(h-icHsfoliafon)n>i Gillette, 1888. Mich. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 27: 471. 9, gall.
AndricmfolioHus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 76. 9, <J, gall.
Taxonomy: Weld, 1967. Ln Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Supp. 2:
283.
formosalis Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus einoryi.
AndricuHfonnosalis Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 10. 9, gall.
fullawayi Beutenmueller. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus lobata.
Andricus fullawayi Beutenmueller, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 39: 244. 9, gall.
furnessulus Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia.
AmlricusfHrnessnlns Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 12. 9, gall.
howertoni Bassett. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus subturbinella.
Andricus Howertoni Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 82. 9, gall.
ignotus (Bassett). Mass., Conn., 111., Minn. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus bicolor, Q.
niucrocarpa.
Ci/nips iynota Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 106. 9, gall.
incertus Bassett. Conn., 111. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus bicolor.
A)idricns incertus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 317. 9.
Andricus finibriatus Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 29. 9, gall.
incognitus Weld. Conn. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus stellata.
Andricus ignotus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 317. 9. Preocc. by Bassett,
1881.
Andricus incof/nitus Weld, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 634. N. name.
indistinctus Bassett. Ohio. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus alba.
Andricus indistinctus Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 81. 9, gall.
kingi Bassett. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls in agamic and sexual generations on Quercus
douglasii, Q. duinosa, Q. garryana, Q. lobata.
Andricus Kingi Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 316. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Andricus pistillaris Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 117. 9, gall.
Liodora duniosae Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 111. 9, S, gall. Sexual gen.
Taxonomy: Rosenthal and Koehler, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 565-570.
lasius (Ashmead). Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus clirysolepis, Q. wilcoxii.
Callirhytis lasius Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 132. 9, gall.
lasius var. areolaris Kinsey. Calif.
A)idricus lasius var. areolaris Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 19. 9, gall.
lasius var. sublasius Kinsey. Calif.
Andricus lasius var. sublasius Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 19. 9, gall.
mamillaformis (Weld). Md., Va., N. C, 111. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus alba.
Callirhytis niamillafornns Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68 (10): 96. 9, gall.
maxwelli Bassett. Tex. Ecology: Produce twig galls on Quercus sp.
Andricus Ma.vn-elli Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 83. 9, 6, gall.
Ta.xonomy: Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 306 (gall).
multicostatus Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus subturbinella.
Andricus multicostatus Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 102: 331. 9, gall.
murtfeldtae Ashmead. N. J. to S. C, w. to Mo., Tex. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus
stellata.
Andricus murtfeldtae Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 117. 6, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1087
opertus (Weld). Calif. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Querciin douglasii, Q. lobata.
Calliryhtin nigra Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 362. 9. Preocc. by Tavares,
1902. Gall described originally for nigra Fullaway is another sp.
Diplolepix operta Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 29. 9, gall.
Andricits )iigridinx Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 11. N. name for nigra Fullaway.
parmula Bassett. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qiiercus douglasii, Q. duniosa, Q.
engelnianni, Q. garrijana, Q. lobata.
Andriciis parninla Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 312. 9, gall.
Drijophanta discus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 326. 9, gall.
pattersonae Fullaway. Wash., Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qnercus douglasii, Q.
duinosa, Q. garri/ana, Q. lobata.
Andricus pattersonae Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 352. 9, gall.
pattoni (Bassett). Conn, to Fla., w. to Okla., Te.x. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
stellata.
pilularis Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizo}iica, Q. ganibelii, Q.
oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella, Q. toutneyi.
Andricus pilularis Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 102: 333. 9, 6, gall.
pisiformis Beutenmueller. N. J. , Md., Va., Fla., 111. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus
alba, Q. bicolor.
Andricus pisifonnis Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 70. 9, gall.
prescotti Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. gainbelii, Q.
oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella.
Andricus prescotti Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 331. 9, gall.
projectus Weld. Oreg. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus clirysolepis.
Andricus projectus Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 329. 9, gall.
pulchellus Bassett. Conn. Ecology: Probably produce stem or leaf galls on Quercus prinoides.
Andricus pulchellns Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 314. 9.
quercuscalifornicus (Bassett). Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus
douglasii, Q. du)nosa, Q. oigehnanni, Q. garryana, Q. lobata.
Cynips q. californicus Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 51. 9, gall.
Andricus (Callirliijti.'i) californicus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 294.
Andricus spongiola Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 235. 9, gall.
Andricus californicus \ar.fructifortnis Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 12. 9, gall.
Andricus californicus var. interniedius Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 14. 9, gall.
quercusflocci (Walsh). Mass. to N. C, w. to Mich., 111., Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Quercus alba.
Cynips quercus flocci Walsh, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 2: 482. 9, gall.
Cynips (Aiidricusn flocci Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc
4: 348,352.
Taxonomy: Fitch, 1859 (1858). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 814 (gall).
quercusfoliatus (Ashmead). Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., Tex. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus
virginiana.
Cynips q.foliata Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xii. 9, gall.
Andricus (Andricus) foliatus Ashmead. 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
on
quercusformosus (Bassett). Conn. s. to Fla., w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce stem galls
Quercus cinerea, Q; coccinea, Q. nmrilandica, Q. phellos, Q. rubra.
Cynips q.fonnosa Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3:679. 9, gall.
Cynips fonnosa Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 341, 345,
349.
1088 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Cijnips q. capnitala Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. ix 9, gall.
quercuslanigera (Ashmead). Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Que re UN cirgiukoia.
Cynips q. Icniigent Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xiii. 9, gall.
AndricuH (A)tdricus) kniigem Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
quercusostensackenii (Bassett). Conn, to Va., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quemis
coccinea, Q. palu-stris.
CijnipH q. Osfen Sackenii Bassett, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 2: 327. 9, c5, gall.
Cynips Osteu Sackenii Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 345, 348, 355.
quercuspetiolicola (Bassett). Mass. to Va., w. to Tenn., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Quercus alba and other white oaks.
Cyuipx q. petiolicola Bassett, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 2: 325. 9, d, gall.
Cynips (Andricus) petiolicola Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 339, 346, 349.
A)i<lricus quinqueseptutn Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 299. 6, gall.
Andricus cicatricula Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 80. 9, 6, gall.
Andricus concolomns Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 302. 9,6, gall.
quercussingularis (Bassett). Maine, Que. s. to N. C. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
rubra.
Cynip.s q. xingularis Bassett, 1863. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 2: 326. 9,6, gall.
Cynips siugularis Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 345, 348, 355.
quercusutriculus (Bassett). Conn, to Fla., w. to 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercun
alba, Q. chapiiiani, Q. stellata.
Cynips q. utricula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 78. 9, 6, gall.
Andricus (Andricus) utriculus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
A)idricus pruinosus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 311. 9, gall.
reniformis McCracken and Egbert. Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus chrysolepis,
Q. vacci)iifolia.
Andricus reuifor))iis McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser., Biol.
Sci. 3(1):31. 9, gall.
reticulatus Bassett. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q.
ga)nbelii, Q. oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella, Q. tounieyi.
Andricus (Callirliytis) reticulata Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 74. 9, gall.
rhizoxenus (Ashmead). Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus reticulata.
Callirliytis rhizoxenus Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 19: 132. 9, gall.
robustus Weld. D. C, Va. to Fla., w. to Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
stellata.
Andricus robustus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68 (10): 81. 9, gall.
rugatus Weld. Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus lyrata.
Andricus rugatus Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 68(10): 82. 9, gall.
ruginosus Bassett. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus fendleri, Q.
gain beta.
Andricus (Callirliytis) ruginosus Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 75. 9, gall.
scutella Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus ganibelii, Q. subturbinella.
Andricus scutella Weld, 1930. Ent. Soc, Wash., Proc 32: 29. 9, gall.
spectabilis Kinsey. Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus chrysolepis.
Andricus spectabilis Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 289. 9, gall.
spectabilis var. incisus Kinsey. Calif.
Andricus spectabilis var. incisus Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 45. 9.
spectabilis var. ukiahensis Kinsey. Calif.
Andricus spectabilis var. ukiahensis Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 46. 9.
spicatus (Bassett). Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia, Q.
tounieyi.
Loxaulus spicatus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 329. 9, gall.
spiendens Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus grisea, Q. subturbinella.
Andricus spiendens Weld, 1919. Canad Ent. 51: 254. 9, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1089
Cgnips subg. Besbicus Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 222.
Type-species: Cgnips (Besbicus) )iiulfipu)ictafa var. conspicua Kinsey. Orig. desig.
conspicuus (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus douglasii, Q. lobata.
Ct/uips (Besbicus) uiultipunctata var. conspicua Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p.
'229. 9, gall.
C gulps conspicua Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 42.
heldae (Fullaway). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus lobata.
Cgnips heldae Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer.. Ann. 4: 345. 9, gall.
indictus (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus douglasii.
Ci/uips (Besbicus) uiultipunctata var. indicia Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p.
'228. 9, gall.
Cgnips (Besbicus) indicia Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 324.
mirabilis (Kinsey). B. C, Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Produce leaf galls in agamic generation, bud
galls in sexual generation, on Qitercus garryana.
Cynips mimbilin Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 50. 9, gall.
Biology: Evans, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 187-196.
multipunctatus (Beutenmueller). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus douglasii.
Dryophuntu nndtipunctata Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 67. 9, gall.
tritior (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus (himosn, Q. clumta.
CynipH (BesbicuH) )nuculoHa var. tritior Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 235. 9,
gall.
Cynips {BesbicuN) tritior Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 325.
Cynips subg. Atrusca Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 276.
Type-species: Cynips {Atnisca) dugesi var. si}nulatrix Kinsey. Orig. desig.
aggregata (Weld). Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizo)iica, Q. oblongifolia, Q.
tounieifi.
Diplolepis (iggreguta Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 15. 9, gall.
bella (Bassett). N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q.
oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella, Q. toumeyi.
Ci/nips bella Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 93. 9, gall.
Holcaspis niaculipennis Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 236. 9, gall.
brevipennata (Gillette). Colo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus fendleri, Q. gambelii, Q.
subturbinella.
Holcaspis brecipennata Gillette, 1893. Ent. News 4: 31. 9, gall.
Andricus pellucidus Kinsey, 1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 309. 9, gall.
gall.
Cynips ra)iescens Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 178.
founieyi.
Type-species: Cynips globulus Fitch. Desig. by Ashmead, 1903.
Dishokaspis Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1910. Das Tierreich, v. 24, p. 371. N. name.
Known only from agamic females emerging in the late fall from oak galls. The se.xual genera-
tion for these species is unknown, or at least unrecognized. Members of this genus are known
from North America only.
Revision: Beutenmueller, 1909. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 26: 29-45.
acetabula Weld. Colo. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus gambelii, Q. reticulata, Q.
suhturhinella, Q. tounieyi.
Disholcaspi.s acetabula Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 194. 9, gall.
bassetti (Gillette). Ohio, Mich., 111. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus bicolor, Q.
niacrocarpa.
Holcaspis bussctti Gillette, 1888. Mich. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 27: 472. 9, gall.
brevinota Weld. Tex. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus breviloba.
Disholcaspis brcrinota Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 197. 9, gall.
canescens (Bassett). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus douglasii, Q. du)nosa, Q.
lobata.
Holcaspis canescens Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 17: 66. 9, gall.
chrysolepidis (Beutenmueller). Calif. Ecology: Produce twig galls on Quercus chrysolepis.
Holcaspis chrysolepidis Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 68. 9, gall.
cinerosa (Bassett). Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus virginiana.
Cynips cinerosa Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 10. 9, gall.
Colorado (Gillette). Colo. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus sp., prob. Q. gambelii.
Holcaspis Colorado Gillette, 1893. Ent. News 4: 210. 9, gall.
conalis Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus garryana.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 37. 9, gall.
Disholca.^pis conalis Weld, 1926. U. S.
corallina (Bassett). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus douglasii.
Holcaspis corallina Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans.
17: 66. 9, gall.
eldoradensis (Beutenmueller). Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus
du)no.'<a, Q. garryana, Q. lobata.
Holcaspis eldoradensis Beutenmueller, 1909. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist, Bui. 26: 38. 9, gall.
edura Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia, Q.
reticulata.
Proc. 107: 113. 9, gall.
Disholcaspis edura Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
fungiformis Kinsey. Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus virginiana.
1920. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 42: 312. 9, gall.
Disholcaspis fungifornns Kinsey,
on Quercus alba.
globosa Weld. N. Y., Va., Ill, Okla. Ecology: Produce root galls
Proc. 59: 196. 9, gall.
Disholcaspis globosa Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
heynei Kieffer. Tex.
Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 113. 9.
Disholcaspis heynei Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen.
e.
1092 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
simulata var. vancouverensis Kinsey. Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce twig galls on Quercus
garr liana.
Disholcasi)is siiiiulata var. vancoiwerentiis Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 81. 9, gall,
spissa Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Que)xiis arizonica, Q. Itavardi, Q. reticulata,
Q. subtiirbinella.
Disholcaspis .sp/.s.s« Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 114. 9, gall.
spongiosa (Karsch). Ga., Fla., Ala., Mo., Ark., Oi<la., Te.x. Ecology: Produce stem galls on
Quercus chapiiHuii, Q. stellata.
Diplolepis spouyiosa Karsch, 1880. Ztschr. f. Gesam. Naturw. 53: 295. 9, gall.
Ci/nipH q.ficula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 75. 9, gall.
sulcata (Ashmead). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia, Q.
reticulata, Q. subturhinella, Q. toutnei/i.'
Ct/nips snlcatus Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 123. 9, gall.
terrestris Weld. Va., N. C, Fla., Ala., Mo., Ark., Te.x. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus
iiiargaretta, Q. stellata.
Disholcaspis terrestris Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 198. 9, gall.
truckeensis (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus clirysolepis, Q. wilcoxii.
Holcaspis truckeensis Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 127. 9, gall.
washingtonensis (Gillette). Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce twig galls on Quercus
(louglasii, Q. duiiiosa, Q. garri/ana, Q. lobata.
Ct/nips washingtonensis Gillette, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 235. 9, gall.
Cynips subg. Antron Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 180.
Type-species: Cguips {Antroi) echinus var. schulthessae Kinsey. Orig. desig.
acraspiformis (Weld). N. Mex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus subfurbinella, Q.
touuieiji.
Diplolepis acraspifonnis Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 14. 9, gall.
clavuloides (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus lobata.
Dryophanta clavula Beutenmueller, 1911. Ent. News 22: 67. 9, gall. Preocc. in Cynips by
Osten Sacken, 1865.
Cynips {Antron) teres var. clavuloides Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 215. N.
name.
douglasii (Ashmead). Ecology: Produce leaf galls in agamic generation and bud
Calif. galls in
sexual generation on Quercus douglasii, Q. dutnosa, Q. lobata.
Holcaspis douglasii Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 127. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Dryophanta lobata McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Ser., Biol.
Sci. 3 (1): 13. 9, 6, gall. Se.xual gen.
Cynips echinus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
AndricuH speciosii.s Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 81. 9, gall.
A>i(Iriciis ribes Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 42. 9, 6, gall. Sexual gen.
quercusechinus var. mistum (Kinsey). Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercua dumosa.
Calif.
Cynip.i {Aiition) echinus var. inista Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 200. 9, gall.
quercusechinus var. schulthessae (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce galls on Quercus
(louglasii, Q. durata.
Cipiips (Aiitivii) echinus var. schulthessae, agamic form schulthessae Kinsey, 1930. Gall
wasp genus Cynips, p. 202. 9 gall. Agamic gen.
,
Cynips (A)itro)i) echi)ius var. schulthessae, bisexual form atrata Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp
genus Cynips, p. 204. 9,6, gall. Sexual gen.
quercusechinus var. vicinum (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce galls on Quercus douglasii.
Cynips (Antron) echinus var. vicina, agamic form vicina Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus
Cynips, p. 196. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
Cynips vicina, agamic form vicina Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p.
78.
Cynips {Antron) echinus var. riciua, bisexual form incepta Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus
Cynips, p. 198. 9, J, gall. Sexual gen.
quercusnubila (Bassett). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q.
oblong ifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbinella, Q. tounieyi.
Cynips q. nuhila Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 56. 9, gall.
Dryophanta nubila Mayr, 1881. Zwanzig. Jahresber. Comm.-Oberrealsch. I. Bez. Wien., p.
39. Norn. nud.
Dryopha)ita )tubila Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 296.
russum (Kinsey). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. oblongifolia.
Cynips {Acraspis) nubila var. russa Kinsey, 1930. Gall wasp genus Cynips, p. 343. 9, gall.
Cy)iips russa Kinsey, 1936. Origin of higher categories in Cynips, p. 255.
trimaculosum (McCracken and Egbert). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
lobata.
douglasii, Q. dumosa, Q. garrya)ta, Q.
1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ.
Callirlnjtis trimaculosa McCracken and Egbert,
Ser.,
Biol. Sci. 3 (1): 41. 9, gall.
unicum (Weld). Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus stellata.
Proc. 68 (10): 34. 9, gall.
Diplolepis unica Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
quercusmammula (Bassett). Conn., N. J., Md., Va. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus
alba.
Cynips q. ntanniiula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 76. 9, 6, gall.
Loxaulus mammula Mayr, 1881. Zwanzig. Jahresber. Comm.-Oberrealsch. I. Bez. Wien., p.
34.
tenuis (Weld). Colo. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus fend leri.
Conipsodryoxenus te7iuis Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 190, 235. 9, gall.
trizonalis Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce acorn galls in agamic generation and stem galls in
sexual generation on Quercus chrysolepis.
Loxaulus trizonalis Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 45. 9, gall (agamic gen.);
9, 6 (sexual gen.).
vaccinii (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus sp. The original statement
that this sp. produced galls on Vacciniuin was incorrect.
Soleuozopheria I'accinii Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 134, 149. 9.
ligni Kinsey. Calif. Ecology:Produce stem galls in agamic generation and leaf galls in sexual
generation on Quercun douglasii, Q. diDiiONa, Q. lobata.
Bansettia ligni Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 291. 9, gall.
Biology: Rosenthal and Koehler, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 565-570.
pallida Ashmead. Ga., Fla., Mo. Ecology: Produce stem galls on live oaks.
BttKnettia pallida Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 128. 9.
Eumayria floridana Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 147. 9, 6, gall.
invisa Weld. Fla. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus niyrtifolia.
Eumayria invisa Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 335. 9, gall.
longipennis (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus laurifolia.
Neuroterus longipennis Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 132, 140. 6, gall.
saltata (Ashmead). N. C, Fla. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus cinerea, Q.falcata.
Andricus saltatus ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 142. 9, gall.
Odontocynips Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 112.
Type-species: Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer. Monotypic.
nebulosa Kieffer. Ga., Fla., Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus stellata.
Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4:
112. 9.
1098 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Holocynips Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 114.
Type-species: Holocytiips eiiKuyiiiata Kieffer. Monotypic.
badia (Bassett). Conn., N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to III, Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce galls at
bases of sprouts of Qiieicns alba, Q. bicolor, Q. cliap)iia)ii, Q. macrocarpa, Q. prinus, Q.
stellata.
A)iipliibolips badiiis Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 323. 9.
Holocij)iipH etiiavginata Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 114. 9, gall.
Callirhijtis comllosa Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 191, 216. 9, gall.
hartmani (Weld). Calif. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercitfi clirysolepis.
Callirhfitix hartwuni Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 191, 214. 9, gall.
humicola (Kinsey). Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercua agrifolia, Q. kelloggi,
Q. wislizeiiii.
Andriciis hiiwicokt Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 283. 9, gall.
maxima (Weld). N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., 111. Ecology: Produce root galls on QuercuH alba, Q.
bicolor, Q. niacrocarpa, Q. priiius.
Callirlujtis maxima Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 191, 217. 9, gall.
Plagiotroclius snberi Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 47. 9, gall.
Plagiotrichiisd) asyiiniietricHs Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 106. 9, gall.
asymmetricus var. annectens (Kinsey). Calif.
PlagiotricliHs(l) asy)iniietriciis var. aiuiectenfi Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 107. 9,
gall.
Andricun Bassettianiis Dalla Torre and Kieffer, 1902. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 9, p. 61.
N. name for coxi Bassett, 1900.
coxii var. translatus (Kinsey). Ariz. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Qnercus hypoleuca.
PlagiotricliHsd) coxll var. trauslatiiH Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 125. 9, gall.
deciduus (Beutenmueller). Md., Va., N. C, Tenn., 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Qnercus rubra, Q. relutiiia.
Andricua (Ucklua Beutenmueller, 1913. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 1: 131. 9, gall.
dubiosus (Fullaway). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls in agamic generation, ament galls in
sexual generation, on Qnercus agrifolia, Q. wislize)iii.
Diplolepis (lubiosa Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 339. 9, 6, gall. Sexual gen.
Callirhytis biconiis McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Biol.
Sci. 3 (1): 42. 9, gall. Agamic gen.
floridensis (Beutenmueller). Va. s. to Fla., w. to Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls on red
oaks.
Dryophanta Jloridensix Beutenmueller, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 349. 9, gall.
Andricns peltatns Wells and Metcalf, 1921. Canad. Ent. 53: 212. 9, gall.
gigas (Kinsey). Calif. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Qnercns douglasii.
Audricu's gUjas Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 282. 9, cJ, gall,
imbricariae (Ashmead). Conn., N. Y. to Fla., w. to Mo., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls
on red oaks.
Andricns inbrecariae (!) Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 122. 9, gall.
Holcaspisfasciata Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 328. 9, gall.
minusculus Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qnercns agrifolia.
Dryocosnnis minusculus Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 337. 9, gall.
quercuslaurifoliae (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Qnercns laurifolia, Q.
nigra.
Spathegaster q. laurifoliae Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xvii. 9, 6,
gall.
Cynips q. aquaticae Ashmead, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xvi.
1881. 9, <J, gall.
Dryophanta laurifoliae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 296.
Dryophanta aquaticae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 296.
quercusnotha (Osten Sacken). Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., Fla., 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls
on Qnercus palustris and other red oaks.
Cynips q. notlia Osten Sacken, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 55. 9, 6, gall.
Andricus {Callirhytis) notlia Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
Andricns (Callirhytis) pusulafoides Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 74. 9, gall.
quercuspalustris (Osten Sacken). Mass., Ont. to Fla., w. to Iowa, La. Ecology: Produce leaf
galls on red oaks.
qnercns palustris Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc, Phila., Proc 1: 62.
Cynips (Trigouaspis {)
9.cJ,gall.
Andricns (Callirhytis) palustris Ashmead, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans.
1885. 12: 294.
dasydactyli (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls in agamic generation and leaf galls
in sexual generation on Quercufi chrijfiolepis.
Andricus danydadyli Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 117. 9, gall.
Biology: Rosenthal and Koehler, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 565-570.
dasydactyli var. pygmaeus Kinsey. Calif.
Heteroecits dasydacti/li var. pijgitiaeuH Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 91. 9, gall.
Callirhytis eriophora Kieffer, 1904. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz., Bui. (2) 11: 132. 9, gall.
flavens (McCracken and Egbert). Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus chrysolepis, Q.
vaccinifolia.
Callirhyfisflacens McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ. Pubs., Univ. Ser., Biol.
Sci. 3(1):40. 9, gall.
Callirhytis sanctae-clarae Fullaway, 1911. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 4: 363. 9, gall.
sanctaeclarae var. aliud Kinsey. Calif.
Heferoecus sanctae-clarae var. aliud Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 98. 9, gall.
sanctaeclarae var. fuscior Kinsey. Calif.
Heferoecus sa)ictae-clarae var. fuscior Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 98. 9, gall.
Callirhyfis Foerster, 1869. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 19: 331, 335.
Type-species: Callirhyfis harfigi Foerster. Monotypic.
apicalis (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, Q.
wislizenii.
Andricus apicalis Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 120. 9, gall.
attigua Weld. Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus texana.
Callirhytis affigua Weld, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 68 (10): 88. 9, gall.
balanacea Weld. N. Y., Va., Mo. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus paliisfris.
Callirhyfis balanacea Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 16. 9, gall.
balanaspis Weld. D. C, Va., Mc, Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus
)narila)idica.
Callirhytis balanaspis Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 22. 9, gall.
balanella Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus emoryi.
Callirhyfis balanella Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 117. 9, gall.
balanoides Weld. N. Y., Va., 111., Mo., Tex. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus velufina.
Callirhyfis balanoides Weld, 1922 U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 27. 9, gall.
.
balanopsis Weld. Va., Ga., Ala., Miss., Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus
niarilandica.
Callirhyfis balanopsis Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 26. 9, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1101
bipapillata Weld. N. Y., Va. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus ilicifolio.
Cttllirhtjtis hipapillata Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 17. 9, 6, gall.
Callirhijtis canin'U'Hsis Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 20. 9, gall.
cistellaWeld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on QiiercuN euionji, Q. hijpoleuca.
Callirhytis c(.s7c//« Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 338'. 9, gall.
clarkei (Bassett). Mass., N. J., Va. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Qucrciiff illcifolia.
Audriciis (.Callirlii/tis) clarkei Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 79. 9, gall.
clavula (Osten Sacken). Mass., N. Y., Pa., N. J., D. C, N. C, 111., Iowa. Ecology: Produce stem
galls on Qitercux alba.
Ci/nips da cilia Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 351. 9, gall.
Audriciis congregatiin Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 120. 9, gall.
cornigera (Osten Sacken). Mass. to Ga., w. to Iowa. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Qtiercus
paliistris and other red oaks.
Cuiiipx cornigera Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 358. 9, gall.
corrugis (Bassett). Conn., Va. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus celittina.
Cynips corrugis Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 109. 9.
Callirhytis dejecta Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zooi. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 4: 116. 9.
electrea Weld. Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus prinus.
Callirhytis electrea Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc 95: 18. 9, gall.
ellipsoida Weld. 111. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus bicolor.
elongata var. stellatae (Kinsey). Tex. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus
stellata.
1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 128. 9, gall.
PlagiotrichusC) elongatus var. stellatae Kinsey,
excavata (Ashmead). New England, N. C. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus rubra.
Andricus excaratus Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 121. 9, gall.
exigua (Bassett). Conn., D. C, Va. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus
stellata.
Andricus exiguus Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 318. 9,6, gall.
1102 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
favosa (Bassett). N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., Ohio. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus paiustris,
Q. velutina.
Neurotenm favosus Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 87. 9, 6, gall.
flavipes (Gillette).111., Minn., Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus inacrocarpa.
Neuroterusjlaripe.s Gillette, 1889. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 7: 281. 9, S, gall.
flora Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus agrifolia, Q. wislizeni.
Callirhyiis flora Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (18): 20. 9, gall.
florensis Weld. Va. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus niarilaHclica.
Callirhytisflorensis Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 19. 9, d, gall.
floridana (Ashmead). Md., D. C, Va., N. C, Fla., Mo., Ark., La. Ecology: Produce stem galls on
Quercus chapiiiani, Q. stellata.
Andricusfloridanus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 137. 9,6, gall.
gemmiformis (Beutenmueller). N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., 111. Ecology: Produce bud galls on
Quercus alba.
A)idricus gei)n)iifor))iis Beutenmueller, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 346. 9, gall.
glandulus (Beutenmueller). N. J. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus priyioides.
Andricus gla)idulus Beutenmueller, 1913. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 8: 103. 9.
glomerosa Weld. Va. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus coccinea.
CalUrhytis glomerosa Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 119. 9, gall.
hopkinsi Weld. D. C, Va., W. Va. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus inibricaria.
CalUrhytis hopkinsi Weld, 1952. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 102: 339. 9, gall.
infuscata (Ashmead). Ga., Fla. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus catesbaei and other red
oaks on the coastal plains.
Andricus infuscatus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 144. 9, gall.
Females collected ovipositing in internodes of twigs o{ Quercus
intersita Weld. Va. Ecology:
alba.
CalUrhytis intersita Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 107: 119. 9.
juvenca Weld. N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus arizonica, Q. gambelii, Q.
oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. subturbi)tella.
Callirhyiis jurenca Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 20. 9, gall.
lanata (Gillette). Mass. s. to N. C, Ala., w. to Minn., Ark., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Quercus coccinea, Q. rubra.
Dryophanta lanata Gillette, 1891. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist, Bui. 3: 198. 9, gall.
lapillula Weld. D. C, 111. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus bicolor.
Callirhyiis lapillula Weld, i922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (19): 18. 9, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1103
lupana Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus emoryi, Q. hypoleuca.
Callirhytis lupana Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 21. 9, 6, gall.
marginata Weld. 111. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus coccinea.
Callirhytis marginata Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 225. 9, gall.
medularis Weld. Pa., Va., Ohio. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus coccinea, Q. velutina.
Callirhytis medularis Weld, 1957. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 107: 121. 9, 6, gall.
middletoni Weld. D. C, Va., Fla., Ala. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Queixus phellos.
Callirhytis middletoni Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 25. 9, gall.
miller! Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, Q.
u'islizenii.
Callirhytis ynilleri Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 11. 9, gall.
Callirhytis essigi McCracken and Egbert, 1922. Stanford Univ., Pubs., Univ. Sen, Biol. Sci.
3(1): 43. 9, gall.
morrisoni (Ashmead). Ariz. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus sp.
Andricus morrisoni Ashmead, 1896. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 19: 116. 9, 6, gall.
myrtifolia, Q. texa)ta.
Callirhytis orata Weld, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 59: 222. 9, gall.
ovata var. melanica (Kinsey). Tex. Ecology: Produce root galls on Quercus schneckii.
Andricus ovata var. nielanicus Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 32. 9, gall.
parva Weld. Va., W. Va., Mo. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Qjiercus inibricaria.
Callirhytis parva Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (18): 23. 9, S, gall.
parvifoliae Ashmead. Fla. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus chapmani.
Callirhytis parvifoliae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 138. 9, gall.
parvula (Bassett). Conn. Ecology: Taken ovipositing in buds of Quercus ilicifolia; never reared
and gall unknown.
Dryophanta parvula Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 326. 9.
patiens (Bassett). Conn. Ecology: Taken ovipositing in buds of Quercus ilicifolia; never reared
and gall unknown. This may be a synonym of parvula.
Andricus patiens Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 312. 9.
pedunculata (Bassett). Conn., N. Y., Va., 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus coccinea,
Q. rubra.
Dryophanta pedunculata Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 72. 9, 6, gall.
perdens (Kinsey). Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii,
Q. U'islizenii.
Andricus perdens Kinsey, 1922. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 46: 286. 9, gall.
perrugosa Weld. N. J., Pa., Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Taken ovipositing in terminal buds on
sprouts of Quercus alba; probably form root galls.
Callirhytis perrugosa Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 95: 22. 9.
petrina Weld. Ariz. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus liypoleuca.
Callirhytis petrina Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 13. 9, gall.
petrosa Weld. Ga., Fla., Tex. Ecology: Produce acorn galls on Quercus ciuerea.
Callirhytis petrosa Weld, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (19): 15. 9, gall.
pigra (Bassett). Conn. s. to Fla., w. to 111., Mo. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus coccinea,
Q. velutiua.
Cynips pigra Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 105. 9, gall.
Callirhytis celiac Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 141. 9, gall.
piperoides (Bassett). Maine to N. C, w. to 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus rubra
and other red oaks.
Audricus piperoides Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 314. 9, gall.
pulchra (Bassett). Mass., N. Y., Va., 111.
Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus rubra, Q.
velutina.
Audricus (Callirhytis) pulchra Bassett, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 73. 9, 6, gall.
Cyuips (Audricus) futilis Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 346, 349, 352.
Cyuips papillata Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 346, 352.
Callirhytis radicis Bassett, 1889. Psyche 5: 237. 9. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1798.
A)idricus radicicola Dalla Torre, 1893. Cat. Hym., v. 2, p. 95. N. name.
quercusgeminaria (Ashmead). Mass., N. J., Va., Ga., Fla., Ind., 111., Tex. Ecology: Produce stem
galls on Quercus ciuerea and other red oaks.
Cyuips q. ge)n)naria Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. ix. 9, gall.
Audricus (Audricus) gennnarius Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
quercusmedullae (Ashmead). Fla. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus cinerea.
Cynips q. uiedullae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. viii. 9, gall.
A)idricus (Audricus) uiedullae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
quercusmodesta (Osten Sacken). Conn., N. Y., D. C, Va., Ind., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce
leaf galls on Quercus rubra, Q. oelutiua.
Cynips quercus niodesta Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 65. 9, gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1105
Cynips niodesta Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 346, 349, 357, 379.
Cynips papula Bassett, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 107. 9, gall.
quercusnigrae (Osten Sacken). D. C, Va., N. C, Mo., Ark. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on
Querciis viarilandica.
Cynips quercus nigme Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 66. 9, i, gall.
Audricus (CallirliytiK) nigrae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 294.
quercusoperator (Osten Sacken). Nova Scotia s. to N. C, w. to Iowa, Mo., Ark., Tex. Ecology:
Produce acorn galls in agamic generation, ament galls in se.xual generation, on Quercus
niarilandica and other red oaks.
Cynips quercus opemtor Osten Sacken, 1862. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 256. 9, c^, gall.
Sexual gen.
Cynips operator Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 357.
A)uiricHs operatola Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 315. 9. Agamic gen.
Audricus operator var. consobrinus Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 26. 9, S, gall.
quercusoperator var. austrior (Kinsey). Tex. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus
sell neck a.
Audricus operator var. austrior Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 26. 9, d, gall.
quercusoperator var. falsa (Kinsey). R. I. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus ilicifolia.
Audricus operator \aT.falsus Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 27. 9, 6, gall.
quercusoperator var. iliustrans (Kinsey). N. H. Ecology: Produce ament galls on Quercus
ilicifolia.
Andricus operator var. iliustrans Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 28. 9, cJ, gall.
quercusphellos (Osten Sacken). Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus
pliellos.
Cynips quercus pliellos Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 70. 9, gall.
quercuspomiformis (Bassett). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls in agamic generation, leaf
Biology: Lyon, 1959. So. Calif. Acad., Sci. Bui. 58 (1): 33-37 (sexual gen. on leaves).
quercusrugosa (Ashmead). N. Y., Md., Va., Fla., 111. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
imbricaria, Q. laurifolia, Q. pliellos.
Cynips q. rugosa Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p.
xviii. 9,6, gall.
Andricus (Andricus) nigosus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 295.
quercusscitula (Bassett). Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Va., Ind., 111. Ecology: Produce stem galls
on Quercus coccinea, Q. velutina.
Cynips q. scitula Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 683. 9, 6, gall.
Cynips scitula Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 341, 358.
1106 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
quercussimilis (Bassett). Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Ga., Fla., Te.x. Ecology: Produce stem galls
on Quercus ilicifolia and other red oaks.
Cynip>i q. similis Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 685. 9,6, gall.
Cynipa si)Hilis Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 356.
quercussuttonii (Bassett). Calif. Ecology: Produce stem galls in agamic generation, leaf galls
in sexual generation, on Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, Q. wislizenii.
tuberosa (Bassett). Mass., Conn., N.J. Ecology: Produce stem galls on Quercus ilicifolia.
Andricus (Callirhytis) tuberosa Bassett, 1900. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 311. 9, 6, gall.
tubicola (Osten Sacken). D. C, Va., Miss., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
stellata.
Cynips tubicola Osten Sacken, 1861. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 60. 9, gall.
Andricus texatius Beutenmueller, 1909. Ent. News 20: 248. 9, gall.
tumifica (Osten Sacken). N. Y., Va., N. C, 111., Iowa. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
rubra, Q. uelutina.
Cynips tumifica Osten Sacken, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 356. 9, 6, gall.
uvellae Weld. Calif. Ecology: Produce bud galls on Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, Q.
tcislizenii.
Callirhytis uvellae Weld, 1944. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 95: 23. 9, gall.
vaccinii (Ashmead). N. Y., Ga., Fla., Mo., Okla., Tex. Ecology: Produce leaf galls on Quercus
stellata.
Acraspis vaccinii Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 136. gall.
Superfamily CYNIPOIDEA 1107
AndricKs liistra)is Beutenmueller, 1913. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 39: 244. 9.
Andricus impositiis Beutenmueller, 1918. Ent. News 29: 329. 9, gall.
Andriciis diiHorpliHs var. verifuctor Kinsey, 1922. Ind. Univ. Studies 53: 15. 9, gall.
The manuscript names included in this list have all appeared at least once in some publication
other than the original one.
Ta.xonomy: Weld, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. Sup. 2, p. 284.
Cynipx caducns Walsh, 1890. In Packard, U. S. Ent. Comn., Rpt. 5: 115. gall.
A)idrictin co)ici)inus Bassett, 1882. Amer. Nat. 16: 246. MS.
Cynips^ const ricta Stebbins, 1910. Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 2: 20. gall.
Cynips (Neuroterus) crassitellus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 233. 9. Unique type in
Provancher Collection in Quebec in bad condition.
Cynips^ cristata Stebbins, 1910. Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 2: 24. gall.
Callirhytisf Jlocculenta Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e. Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 115. gall.
Rliodites fiisiforuKuiH Cockerell, 1890. Entomologist 23: 75. gall.
Cynips {A)tdricHs) gibbosiis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 232. 9,6. Type in Provancher
Collection in Quebec, but only thorax remains.
RItodites globosus Cockerell, 1890. Entomologist 23: 75. gall.
Solenaspis liyali)ius Ashmead, 1895. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 326. Host: Mesogmpta
polita (Say) puparium. MS.
Neuroterus lanrifoliae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 140. 9. Type lost.
Cynips niaculatns Blanchard, 1840. In Laporte, Hist. Nat. Anim. Articules, v. 3, p. 250.
"Carolina."
Eucoila minor Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 398. 9. Type
probably lost; not located in Quebec or Ottowa collections.
Rhodites bicolor var. minor Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 103. gall.
Aegilips monticola Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320, 17: 323. MS.
Periclistidea monticola Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 5. Both generic and specific
names MS.
Einnayria nniltiarticiilota Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 133. gall
Kleidotoina )iigrosns Ashmead, 1906. hi Nason, Ent. News 17: 9. 9. MS.
Cynips^ obovata Stebbins, 1910. Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 2: 24. gall.
Neuroterus^ perpusillus Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 107. gall.
Cynips quercusfloccicola Riley, 1890. In Packard. U. S. Ent. Comn., Rpt. 5: 115. gall.
Cynips quercusfrondosa Bassett, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 688. gall.
Cynips quercusmellaria Riley, 1880. Amer. Ent. 3: 298. gall.
Cynips^ sera Stebbins, 1910. Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 2: 24. gall.
Rhodites silccstrii Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici, Bol. 5: 103. gall.
Anacharis slossonae Ashmead, 1906. //( Slosson, Ent. New^s 17: 323. MS.
Rhodites sphacricus Stebbins, 1910. Springfield Mus. Nat. Hist, Bui. 2: 38, 106. gall.
Rhodites spinosellus Cockerell, 1890. Entomologist 23: 75. gall.
Cynips (Rhoditesn tuberculosa Osten Sacken, 1861. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 22: 415. 9, 3, gall.
Bol. 5: 107. gall.
Trigonaspis!' oaccinoides Trotter, 1910. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Portici,
Dryophanta vesiculoides Riley, 1895. Science, n.s., 1: 462. MS.
1109
Superfamily EVANIOIDEA
By Robert W. Carlson
This superfamily includes tiiree families, Evaniidae, Aulacidae, and Gasteruptiidae. There ap-
pears to be little evidence to indicate that the Aulacidae and Gasteruptiidae are actually related
to the Evaniidae. There does appear to be some evidence to indicate that the Aulacidae and
Gasteruptiidae are distantly related. Because there is no evidence to suggest that a common an-
cestor of Aulacidae and Gasteruptiidae would have been less closely related to ancestral
Evaniidae than to the ancestor of any other group, there is little reason for not maintaining
placement of the Aulacidae and Gasteruptiidae in the Evanioidea.
Revision: Kieffer, 1912. Das Tierreich, v. 30, XIX and 431 p. (spp. of world).
Ta.xonomy: Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 282-301.
— Muesebeck and
Walkley, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 105: 319-419 (type-species).
Morphology: Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 247-281.
Family EVANIIDAE
Members of this family are parasitic within the egg cases of cockroaches. Known hosts of the
evaniids found in North America are members of the cockroach families Blattidae and Blatel-
lidae. Species of Evaniidae are most numerous in the tropics.
Revision: Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 128-162. -Townes, 1949. U. S. Natl.
According to Townes (1958) Ecaiiia is comprised of larger species which occur mostly in the
Oriental Region.
Biology: Cameron, 1957. Bui. Ent. Res. 48: 199-209. —Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsonian
Misc. Coll. 141: 236.
fig. 6.
— Bequaert, 1919. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 14: 23.
Biology: Edmunds, 1952; 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 52: 29-30; 53: 121-122. —Edmunds, 1954. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 47: 575-592.
This is a large genus of Australian, Nearctic, and Neotropic distribution (particularly the
latter).
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 304. —Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34:
142-147.
californica (Ashmead). East-central Calif.
Evania Califontica Ashmead, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 304. 6.
Hyptia Illiger, 1807. /*( Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, ed. 2, v. 2, p. 82. Appeared as "Hyptiani" in
accusative case, Hyptia being the nominative equivalent. Fauna Etrusa, ed. 2, v. 2 not
necessarily published prior to volume six of Mag. f. Insectenkunde, but usually treated
as prior in synonymies pertaining to various other generic names.
Hyptia Illiger, 1807. Mag. f. Insektenkunde 6: 192.
oblonga Townes. Southwestern Ga., s. Ala., and s.e. Ariz. s. to s. Fla.; s. Mex., Costa Rica.
Hyptia oblonga Townes, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 99: 538. 6, 9.
reticulata (Say). Mass. w. to mid Mich., s. to s. Fla., s. La., and s.w. Tex.; s. Mexico.
not indicated.
Brachygaster reticulata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 223. sex
Hyptia nyctoides Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34:
159. S.
1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 160. 6.
Hyptia prosetetlietra Bradley,
thoracica (Blanchard). Mass., s. Ont, Wis., and n.e. Kans. s. to s. Fla. and s. Tex. Host:
Parcoblatta sp., P. pe)isyU'a)iica (Deg.).
Erania thoracica Blanchard, 1840. Hist. Nat. Anim. Artie, Ins., v. 3, p. 299. Sex not
indicated.
120. 6. Preocc by Blanchard, 1840.
Hyptiam thoracicum Shuckard, 1841. Entomologist 1:
Evania dorsalis Westwood, 1851. Ent. Soc London, Trans. (2) 1: 214. Unnecessary n. name
for E. thoracica Blanchard, there being no E. thoracica Klug or Leach.
Evania brevicalcar Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for Zool. 1: 541. 6.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 153. 9.
Hyptia mijlacridomanes Bradley, 1908. Amer.
Trans. 34: 160. 6.
Hyptia hi'jptiogastris Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Hyptia texana Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 161. 9.
Family AULACIDAE
The approximately 150 species of this small family are distributed throughout the world. All
Revision: Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 319-330 (date according to Ent.
News 13: 94). -Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 87-120.
1112 Hy menoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Hedicke, 1939. Hym. Cat., pt. 10, 28 p. (world catalog). -Townes, 1950. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 85-86 (phyletic position). —
Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 102: 249. -Crosskey, 1953. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 6: 758-759.
Biology: Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 285.
Morphology: Short, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 217-219 (final-instar larva).
Members of this large genus presumably occur throughout the forested regions of the world.
arizonicus (Townes). Southeastern Ariz.
Anlacostethiin arizonicus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 98. 9.
editus (Cresson). Northern Mich., s. B. C, Wash., n. Calif. Host: Chrysophana placida (LeC),
Parafiniia conicola Fisher.
Aulacus editus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: v in Proc. 9.
fasciatus (Say). Pa., D. C, Ohio, Mich., Ind., Mo., Ark. Ecology: One specimen in the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection emerged from Carya wood.
Aulacus fasciatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 67. 9.
Superfamily EVANIOIDEA 1113
Calif. Host: Se)nanotHs liynetis (F.), Melanophila driminiondi (Kby.), M. intnim Horn.
Aulacua uiinor Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: vi in Proc.
montanus (Cresson). Southern B. C. s. to Nev. and s. Calif. Host: Xylotrechus nauticus
(Mann.), CIni/sobothris sp.
AiilacHs )no)it(niit.s Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 256. 9.
Deraiodontusftoicalattis Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 321. 9.
PristaulacuN (OleiHoprinter) de)itatus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 126. i.
niger (Shuckard), revised status. N. S. w. to Man. and Colo., s. to s. Fla. and Tex. Ecology:
Occurs on dead pine trees.
AulacuH ni(jer Shuckard, 1841 (June). Entomologist 1: 124. Sex not indicated.
AulacuH ater Westwood, 1841 (Sept.). Ann. Nat. Hist. 7: 538. 9.
AiilacHs Abboftii Westwood, 1841 (Sept.). Ann. Nat. Hist. 7: 538. 9.
PristaulacHs [PriKtaulacus] hopkiusii Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 127. 9.
The variant speUing hopki)isi also appeared on p. 127 (key).
PristanlacHs aterriniux Kieffer, 1911. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. 80: 230. Unnecessary n.
name for Aitlacus ater Westwood, the latter not being preocc. by A. ater
Guerin-Meneville, 1844.
Pristaulacus floridam Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 534. 9.
Pristaulacun piDictaticep.s Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 78. 9.
strangaliae Rohwer. N. S. s. to n. Va., w. to s. Man.
Pristaulacns strangaliae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 157. 9.
PristaulacHu (Oleisoprister) taughunk Bradley, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 173. 9.
Pristaulacm (Oleisoprister) glabrescens Bradley, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 174. 9.
torridus (Bradley). Southern Tex.
TropaulacH.'i torridn.s Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 125. 9.
violaceus (Bradley). D. C, Va., s. Ohio.
Deraiodotitus violaceus Bradley, 1905. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 5: 26. 6, 9.
aneurus Walkley. Southern N. Mex. Host: Dendroctonus sp.?, D. adjunct us Bland.? Muesebeck
(1958) cited Dendroctonus sp. as a host without query, but none of the specimens in the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection are known to have been reared from Dendroctonus; notes
in the Hopkins file indicate that some of them emerged from trees infested with D.
adjunctus, and that all were associated with Dendroctonus. Because aneurus does not
seem to be too large to be a parasite of D. adjunctus, it seems possible that rearings
will confirm D. adjunctus as a host.
Aulacus aneurus Walkley, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 54: 185. 6, 9.
Biology: Muesebeck, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p.
88.
brevicaudus (Cushman). Southwestern Oreg. s. to n.w. and e.-central Calif. Ecology: Specimens
have been reared from Alnus rlionibifolia and twigs of Salix bearing Euura galls.
Pycnaulacus brericaudits Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 18. 9.
burquei (Provancher). N. S. s. to Md., w. to Mich. Host: Xipliydria niaculata Say.
Painniegischia Burquei Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 303. 9.
digitalis Townes. Mass., Conn., Pa., n. W. Va., n. Ohio. Host: Xipliydria maciilata Say.
Aulacus digitalis Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 118. d, 9.
dispilus Townes. Southern Tex. Ecology: One specimen is reported to have emerged from
Celtis laecigata.
Aulacus dispilus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 114. 9.
lovei (Ashmead). Que., Vt., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md. Host: Xipliydria abdominalis Say, X.
clianiplaini Roh., X. tibialis Say.
Pamniegischia Lovei Ashmead, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 301. 9.
Pammegischia ouelletii Bradley, 1902 (1901). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 27: 329. 6.
Superfamily EVANIOIDEA 1115
pallipes Cresson. N. B. w. to C,
s. to n. Va., Mo., n. Idaho, and n.e. Wash.? Host:
B. s.
Xiphydria )nellipes Harris. In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are two females
from Metaline Falls, Wash, (a locality cited for pallipes in Townes' [1950] revision of the
Aulacidae) which are less melanistic than other pallipes specimens in the collection.
They bear Hopkins no. 21306, the card for which indicates that they were collected
while ovipositing in Pseudotsuga 7)ie7iziesii infested by Buprestis sp. P. menziesii is not
known to be a host for any Xiphydriidae.
Aidaciis pallipes Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xvii in Proc. cj.
Pammegischia xipliydriae Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8). Canad. Ent. 33: 300. 9.
Pammegischia Weedi Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8). Canad. Ent. 33: 301. S.
Paiiiviegischia xiphydriae Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. [31]). Ent. News 12: 278. 9. Preocc. by
Ashmead, 1901 (Nov. 8), which is based upon the same holotype.
Aulacus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1061. Emend.
PaDintegiscliia aslnneadi Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 122. 9.
Pajxniegischia viinnesotae Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 122. 6.
Family GASTERUPTIIDAE
This small family is nearly worldwide in distribution (unknown from Micronesia and Polyne-
sia). Crosskey (1962) recognized two subfamilies, the Hyptiogastrinae with five genera and the
Gasteruptiinae with one genus. Because Gasteruption includes the vast majority of Gasterup-
tiidae, there is little practical value in recognizing two subfamilies at this time.
The accounts of the biologies of Gasteruptiidae given by Hoeppner (1904) and Malyshev (1968)
indicate that the larvae are predators or predator-inquilines in the nests of solitary bees and
sphecids which nest in wood. According to Hoeppner, the egg of Gasteniption assectator
(Linnaeus) is laid on a mature larva of the prey. After consuming the latter, the assectator larva
invades the cell of a second prey larva and consumes it also. The species discussed by Malyshev
deposited their eggs in proximity to an egg of a solitary bee, the exact positioning of eggs vary-
ing among species of gasteruptiids. Upon eclosion from the egg the gasteruptiid larva consumed
the egg of the bee. Sometimes the larva would then complete its development by feeding upon
the provisions in the same bee larval cell but often invaded one or more other cells where they
consumed both bee larvae and provisions.
Taxonomy: Hedicke, 1939. Hym. Cat., pt. 11, 54 p. (world catalog). —Crosskey, 1962. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 114: 377-402 (genera of world).
Biology: Hoeppner, 1904. Allg. Ztschr. f. Ent. 9: 97-103. —Malyshev, 1968. Genesis of Hym.
and ... their Evolution, p. 42-46.
Morphology: Crosskey, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 247-281. —Short, 1952. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 103: 45-48, 49 (final-instar larva).
This is a very large genus whichnearly worldwide in distribution. Crosskey (1962) was una-
is
ble to find satisfactory means for distinguishing more than one genus for the 400 plus species
now included in Gasteruption.
Taxonomy: Schletterer, 1890. Wien. Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 4: 375. —Crosskey, 1962.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 114: 394-398.
amputatutn Townes. Colo., Ariz.
Gasteruption aniputatinn Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 128. 6, 9.
assectator (Linnaeus). N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to w. N. C, n.e. Kans., Ariz., and n. Calif.; Eurasia.
Host: Hylaeiis ellipticuH (Kby.), Megacliile rotundata (F.). Additional hosts are known
from Europe.
IchneuiHon asNectator Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 566. 9.
Ichneumon annularis Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 398. Sex not
indicated.
Ichneumon affectatoiH) de Villers, 1789. C. Linnaei Ent., v. 3, p. 174.
Foot UN montanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 132. 9.
Foenux incertus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 133. 6,9.
Feonus(l) Area Couper, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 110. 9. N. syn.
FoenuH fu)ttipe)tni.'i Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 848. 9.
Foenus bidentulus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 848. 9. Apparently no syntype from
Gotland (=Gottland) could be found, and Hedqvist (1973) based his synonymy on a
female from Norway which he incorrectly referred to as the lectotype.
Foenuti borealin Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 849. S, 9.
Foenus nig fit arsis Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 849. 6,9.
Gasteruption assectator var. nitidulum Schletterer, 1885. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 35:
276. 6, 9.
Gasteruption inicrura Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for Zool. 4: 556. 9. N. syn.
Gasteruption micrura var. nigripectus Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for Zool. 4: 556. 9. N. syn.
Gasteruption Necadense Kieffer, 1904. Invertebrata Pacifica
41. 6, 9. 1:
Gasteruption Bakeri Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 75. 9. N. syn.
Trichofoenus canadensis Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 77. 9. N. syn.
Gasteruption Bakeri var. aberrans Strand, 1912. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 76A (6): 27. 6, 9. N.
syn.
Foenus arcus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 117. Emend.
Trichofoenus micrurus(l) Bradley, 1928. In Leonard, Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem.
101:" 961.
Trichofoenus breuiterebrae Watanabe, 1934. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, Trans. 13: 285. 6,9.
Trichofoenus micrurus Hedicke, 1939. Cat. Hym., pt. 11, p. 43. Emend.
Gasteruption assectator utahensis Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 126. 6, 9. N.
syn.
barnstoni perplexum (Cresson). Southern Sask. w. to s.w. Alta. and n.w. B. C, s. to N. Mex.,
Ariz., and n. Calif. Future collecting may show that the region of overlap between b.
perplexum and the nominate form is too broad for them to be meaningfully treated as
subspecies.
Foeniis perplexux Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 131. 9.
FoenuH fragiliH Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: HI. 9.
Ga.steruptiou alticola Kieffer, 1910. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 79: 76. 9.
enode (Townes), n. comb. Ariz., s.e. Calif.
RhydinofoeuuN enoiUn Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 140. 9.
floridanum bradleyi (Townes), n. comb. Southern Me. w. to s. Wis. and n.e. Kans., s. to w. N.
C, n. Miss., and s. Tex. Two host records were given by Walkley (1967), but 1 find no
specimens of/, bradleyi bearing host records in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection, and I
Foenus floridanus Bradley, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 112. d, 9.
kaweahense (Bradley). Southern La., s.e. Tex., central and s. Calif.; Mexico? Host: Ceratina
pacifica (Smith). A specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection is labeled "San
Rafael
Jicoitepec, collection Ashmead"; in the gasteruptiid revision of Townes (1950) that
locality is cited as being in Mexico, but no place by that name exists in Mexico, and
"Jicoitepec" is possibly a mispelling for Jilotepec
Rhydiuofoenus kawealieHsii< Bradley, 1909. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1909), p. 39. 9.
Biology: Daly, Stage, and Brown, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 1279.
kirbii kirbii (Westwood). N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Que., N. Y., Ont., "Hudson Bay," Mich., Wis.,
Sask., s. B. C. Host: Htftaeus ))iodesfiis Say.
Foenufi Kirbii Westwood, 1851. Ent. Soc London, Trans. (2) 1: 219. 9.
Gateruption kirbyiV.) Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1068.
GasteniptioH kirbyi Hedicke, 1939. Cat. Hym., pt. 11, p. 32. Emend.
kirbii russeum Townes. Colo., n.w. Wyo., n. Idaho, s. B. C, w. Wash., Oreg., n. Calif. Host:
HoplituN saiiibuci Titus, Megachile rotundata (F.).
Gateruption kirbii russeus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100:
123. 6,9.
pattersonae Melander and Brues, restored comb. Southern Idaho, n. Utah, central Wash. s. to
s. Calif. Host: Diautliidiunicurvatum sayi Ckll.
Melander and Brues, 1902. Biol. Bui. 3: 35. 9.
Ga.'iteruption pattersonae
41. 9.
Gasteruptioii pyrrhosternuni Kieffer, 1904. Invertebrata
Pacifica 1:
42. S.
Gasteniption rubrofasciatuni Kieffer, 1904. Invertebrata Pacifica
1:
B. C, s.e. Oreg.
septentrionale Schletterer, restored comb. Western Colo., s.w. Alta., n. Ariz., s.
der Naturgesch., Ann. 4: 480. 9.
Gasteniption septentrionale Schletterer, 1890. Wien. Mus.
striatum (Townes), n. comb. Northern Idaho w. to s.w. B. C, s. to w. Nev. and s. Calif.
Proc. 100: 132. 6.
Rhydinofoenus striatus Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
tarsatorium solare (Townes), comb. Northeastern Kans., s. Ariz.
n.
Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 100: 137. 6, 9.
Rliydiiiofoeiins tarsatorius Solaris
tarsatorium tarsatorium (Say). Que. s. to e. S. C, w. to Iowa and Mo. Rau (1922, 1928)
of this subspecies in the U. S. Natl.
published two host records; there is one specimen
Mus. collection bearing only Rau no. 4439, so one of the host records is possibly correct.
Foenus tarsatorius Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's Exped., v. 2, p. 321. 9.
Zool. 1: 556. 9.
Gasteruption intricatuni Kieffer, 1904. Arkiv for
Trans. 24: 43; 25: 404.
Biology: Rau, 1922; 1928. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
1118 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
turbinatum (Townes), n. comb. Southeastern Ariz. This species is known from the Pinaleno
and Chiricahua Mts.
Rhijdinofoenm turbinatiis Townes, 1950. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 100: 138. 6, 9.
visaliae (Bradley). Southern Tex., s. Ariz., n.w. Oreg. s. to s. Calif.; n.w. Mexico. Host: Hylaeus
cressoni Ckll.
Foeuus vhuliae Bradley, 1909. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1909), p. 40. 9.
1119
Superfamily PELECINOIDEA
By Carl F. W. Muesebeck
Taxonomy: Handlirsch, 1933. Handbuch der Zoologie, v. 4 (2), Insecta 2, pp. 981-982.
Family PELECINIDAE
The relationships of this family have not been satisfactorily established. More commonly,
although with some reservations, the group has been treated as a family of the Proctotrupoidea.
Until its affinities are better understood it seems best to follow Handlirsch (1933) and consider
it as representing an independent superfamily.
Ta.\onomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 3. -Ashmead, 1902. N. Y. Ent. See,
Jour. 10: 242-243. -Schulz, 1903. Bayer. Akad. der Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl. Sitzber. 33:
435-440.
Biology: Clausen, 1962. Entomophagous Insects, pp. 270-271 (This author suggests that
although the Pelecinidae have been recorded as internal parasites of ground-inhabiting
scarabaeid larvae the principal hosts may actually be coleopterous larvae living in
decaying wood.).
Peleciniis Latreille, 1800. Bui. Sci. Soc. Philom., Paris, 2(44): 155.
Type-species: Ichneumon polycerator Fabricius. Desig. by Latreille,
1810.
1. N. name,
Epicenastes Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierr. f. hob. Schul., p. X, col.
unnecessarily proposed for Pelecinus Latreille, thought to be preocc. by
Pelecinus
Moench in Botany.
This genus, which comprises the family Pelecinidae, appears to be represented in North
America by a single variable species that ranges from Canada far down into South America. It is
quite possible that a critical study of the rather large
accumulations of specimens contained in
some of the principal insect collections will prove this supposed ta.xon to be actually a complex of
several distinct species. Descriptions, in fact, have been published under a number of different
specificnames. At present, however, these are all treated as applicable to a single species.
Biology: Forbes, 1894. 111. State Ent., Rpt. 18, p. 124. —Fetch and Hammond,
1926. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, 56th Ann. Rpt., pp. 86-87. —Hammond, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 130.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 99 (14): 38-40 (male genitalia).
1120 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
polyturator (Drury). Que. and Ont. s. to Argentina. Host: Phyllophaga anxia (Lee); P.fittilis
(Lee).
IcIineinitoH pohjtniutor Drury, 1773. Ulus. Nat. Hist., v. 2, p. 77, Index p. [92]. 9.
Iclnieioiion poliicerafor Fabricius, 1776. Gen. Ins. ... mantissa specierum, p. 245. 9.
IcInieioHon lihellnla Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 352. 9.
PelecJHu.s clacator Latreille, 1817. Nov. Diet. Hist. Nat., v. 3, p. 237. 6.
PelecimiH tibiator Perty, 1833. Delect. Anim. Articul. Brasil, p. 131. 9.
PelecinuH (UcIiiouk Perty, 1833. Delect. Anim. Articul. Brasil, p. 131. 9.
Pelecinns Gncrinii Romand, 1840. Mag. de Zool. (2), pi. 49, fig. 2. 9.
Pelecinus cDuinlatiis Klug, 1841. Ztschr. f. Ent. 3: 384. 6.
Peleciuiix nifus Klug, 1841. Ztschr. f. Ent. 3: 384. 6, 9.
Pelecinus fhomcicus Klug, 1841. Ztschr. f. Ent. 3: 384. 6.
Pelecnms Duponchelii Romand, 1842. Mag. de Zool. (2), pi. 86, fig. 1. 6, 9.
Pelecinus Spinolae Romand, 1842. Mag. de Zool., (2), pi. 86, fig. 2. 9.
Pelcecinns brunneipes Patton, 1894. Amer. Nat. 28: 896. 9.
1121
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA
By Carl F. W. Muesebeck
This is a largeand diverse group of parasitic Hymenoptera, but the North American
proctotrupoid fauna has had little critical study with the result that apparently most of our spe-
cies remain undescribed. The only comprehensive treatments of the North American Proctotru-
poidea are that by Ashmead, in 1893, and that included by Kieffer in his monograph of the world
fauna, which comprises three volumes that were published between 1914 and 1926. Kieffer used
the name Serphoidea, based on Serphus Schrank, 1780, for this superfamily and that usage was
followed generally in the literature of the next thirty years; but Serphus Schrank was set aside
by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1946 (Opinion 178), under
suspension of the Rules, and its synonym Proctotnipes Latreille, 1796, with P. brevipennis
Latreille as type-species, was added to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as Name
No. 616. As a result of that action the name Proctotrupoidea has come into general use again.
I am indebted to Dr. Lubomir Masner, Biosytematics Research Institute, Canada
Department
of Agriculture, for much helpful advice and for new records, in connection with the preparation
of this section of the Catalog.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 5-472 (the Bethylidae and Dryinidae were
included). -Kieffer, 1907-1914. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 1-1014 and v. 11,
pp. 1-447. -Kieffer, 1914-1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42 (1914), pp. VI-XVII, 1-254; Lief. 44
(1916), pp. VI-XXX, 1-627; Lief. 48 (1926), pp. VII-XXXVI, 1-885.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 73-76, 97-100, 117-119. —Harrington, 1899. Roy.
Soc. Canada, Trans. (2) 5: 117-206. -Ashmead, 1902-1903. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 10: 240-247
(1902); 11: 28-35 and —
86-99 (1903). Mani, 1941. Cat. Indian Ins., part 26, pp. 1-60.
— Risbec, 1950. Trav. Lab. d'Ent. du Sect. Soudanais de Recherches Agron., v. 2, pp.
511-637. -Muesebeck and Walkley, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 105: 319-419 (Types of the
genera and subgenera). —Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent, Sup. 1, pp. 3-154.
—Masner, 1965. Psyche 72: 295-304. —Masner and Muesebeck, 1968. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
270: 1-143. -Masner, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 775-784. -Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49:
203-226 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 115-127). —Kozlov, 1971. Soc. Ent. Unionis Sovet.,
Horae 54: 7-67.
Family VANHORNIIDAE
This family represented by a single known species, specimens of which seem to be rare
is in
collections. The group appears to be closely related to the Heloridae and the Roproniidae.
Family ROPRONIIDAE
This is another small, little-known group that is poorly, if at all, represented in most collec-
tions. The species appear to be parasites of sawfly larvae.
Revision: Townes, 1948. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 98: 85-89.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 132-133. —Bradley, 1905. Ent News 16:
14-17. — Yasumatsu, 1956. Insecta Matsumurana 19: 117-122. —
Yasumatsu, 1958. Insecta
Matsumurana 21: 112-114. -Heqvist, 1959. Ent. Tidskr. 80: 137-139. —Yasumatsu, 1961.
Mushi 35: 68-69.
Biology: Chao, 1957. Fukien Agr. Jour. 5: 73-76 {Ropronia reported to be parasitic on sawfly
larvae).
Ropronia Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., pp. 152, 154.
Type-species: Ropronia pediculata Provancher. Monotypic.
Roptronia Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 132. Error.
californica Ashmead. Calif., Greg.
RoptroniaC) californica Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 133. 6.
garmani Ashmead. N. H. to Ga., w. to Iowa.
Roptronia (!) garmani Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 132. S.
pediculata Provancher. Ont., N. Y. Host: Monoctenus suffusus (Cress.). (Record communicated
by L. Masner in correspondence).
Ropronia pediculata Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 154. 9.
Ropronia ashvteadii Bradley, 1905. Ent. News 16: 17. 9.
Family HELORIDAE
The members of this family are internal parasites of the larvae of Chrysopidae.
Revision: Pschorn-Walcher, 1955. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 28: 233-250 (Palearctic species).
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Nat. Mus., Bui. 45: 330-331. —Ashmead, 1902. N. Y. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 10: 243. — Kieffer,
1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. 57-62. Riek, 1955. Austral.—
Jour. Zool. 3: 258-265. -Ceballos, 1965. Graellsia 21: 11-16.
Morphology: Oeser, 1961. Berlin Zool. Mus., Mitt. 37: 72-73 (ovipositor).
Biology: Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ. Pub., Ent. 7, pp. 407-418. —Clausen, 1962. Entomophagous
Insects, pp. 266-270.
Family PROCTOTRUPIDAE
The Proctotrupidae are principally internal parasites of the larvae of Coleoptera, including
those of Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Erotylidae, Elateridae, Coccinellidae and Curcu-
lionidae. However, certain forms are said to have been reared from larvae of the dipterous fami-
ly Mycetophilidae; and there is also what appears to be a reliable record (Newman, 1867) of the
rearing of a species of Phaetio.serphiin from a centipede of the genus LHhobius.
Revision: Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 331-344 (Nearctic species).
Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Kieffer, —
1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, (World fauna). —Nixon, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
pp. 1-57
Trans. 87: 431-465 (British species). -Riek, 1955. Austral. Jour. Zool. 3: 106-117
(Australian species).
Ta.xonomy: Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 1-19 (Key to Nearctic species). Morley,
—
1922. Entomologist 55: 1-3, 59-60, 82-83, 108-110, 132-135, 157-161, 182-186.
-Pschorn-Walcher, 1958. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 31: 57-64. —
Masner, 1958. Beitr. z.
Ent. 8: 477-481. -Pschorn-Walcher, 1958. Beitr. z. Ent. 8: 724-731. -Masner, 1961. Pare
Natl. Upemba Miss, de Witte, fasc. 60, pp. 37-47 (Key to the genera of the world).
-Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 203-209 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 115-118). Kozlov, —
1971. Soc. Ent. Unionis Sovet., Horae 54: 7-12.
Biology: Newman, 1867. Entomologist 3: 342-344. — Frohawk, 1886. Entomologist 19: 225.
— Eastham, 1929. Parasitology 21: 1-21. —
Zolk, 1924. Tartu UlikooH Ent. Katsejaama
Teadaanded 5: 1-10. -Williams, 1932. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 8: 205-209. -Riek, 1955.
Linn. Soc N. Wales, Proc. 80: 147. -Jansson, 1960. Opusc Ent. 25: 83-86. -Hedqvist,
S.
1963. Ent. Tidskr. 84: 62-64. —
Weidemann, 1965. Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Oekol. der Tiere 55:
425-480. -Masner, 1968. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 65: 464-466.
v. 10. p. 298.
Phaenoserphus Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg.,
Muesebeck and Walkley,
Type-species: Pwcfot rapes ciirtipennis Haliday. Desig. by
1951.
There are no pubHshed host records for any North American form of this genus, but on the
basis of rearings of Old-Worid species it appears that the hosts are mainly fungicolous beetle
larvae of the families Carabidae and Staphylinidae. One remarkable observation has been
recorded by Newman (1867), who described the emergence of specimens of P. calcar (Haliday)
from a centipede of the genus LithobiiiN.
Taxonomy: Kieffer, 1908. Andre, spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 298-313.
/*( —
Kieffer, 1914.
Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. 22-36. —Nixon, 1933. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 87: 451-460.
-Hellen, 1941. Notulae Ent. 21: 33-36. —
Pschorn-Walcher, 1958. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell,
Mitt. 31: 62-63.
Biology: Newman, 1867. Entomologist 3: 342-344. — Eastham, 1921. Parasitology 29: 1-21.
-Raynaud, 1935. Misc. Ent. 36: 97-100. — Weidemann, 1965. Ztschr. f. Oekol. u. Morph. der
-Masner, 1968. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 65: 464-465.
Tiere 55: 446-480.
Morphology: Tonapi, 1958. Indian Jour. Ent. 20: 208, 209, figs. 31-33 (respiratory system).
longipes Brues. Wash. (Almota).
Pliaenoserphiis lougipes Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 9. 6.
nevadensis (Kieffer). Calif., Nev.
Proctotrypex necadeunix Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 275. 6.
nigripes (Ashmead). Alaska, Oreg.
Proctotri/pes nujripen Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 136. 6.
obliquus (Ashmead). Tex.
Prodotrypes obliqiiuK Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., BuL 45: 334, 338. 6.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 333-344. -Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich,
Lief. 42, pp. 7-16. —Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 2-6.
Ashmead. N. Y.
linellii
Proctotrypes Linellii Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 334, 337. 6.
longiusculus Brues. N. Y., N. J., Pa.
Proctotrypes longiiiscitliis Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 155. 6.
melliventris Ashmead. Fla. (Jacksonville).
Proctotnipea nielliventria Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 99. S.
Although dipterous larvae, of the family Mycetophilidae, have been considered possible hosts
beetle larvae.
it appears that the species of Codrus are essentially parasites of fungicolous
Masner (1968) has indicated that all reliable host records involve Staphylinidae only.
Taxonomy: Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 9-18. —Nixon, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc London,
Trans. 87: 434-446. —
Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p.
665. -Pschorn-Walcher, 1958. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 31: 61-62. Weidemann, 1965. —
Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Oekol. der Tiere 55: 480-509.
Cryptoserplius Kieffer, 1907. In Andre, Spec Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 288. No species.
—
Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 313. Ten species.
Type-species: Cryptoserplius longicalcar Kieffer. Desig. by Kieffer, 1908.
Brachyserphus Hellen, 1941. Notulae Ent. 21: 42.
Type-species: Codrus paruulns Nees. Orig. desig.
The only published host recordfor a North American species is for C. obsoleta (Say), which is
said tohave been reared from a fungicolous beetle larva, but apparently reliable rearing records
for certain European species of Cryptoserplius include as hosts the larvae of fungus gnats
(Mycetophilidae) as well as fungicolous Coleoptera.
Taxonomy: Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. 36-42. —Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 27: 6-8. —Nixon, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 87: 460-465. —Hellen, 1941.
Notulae Ent. 21 41-42.
:
—
Pschorn-Walcher, 1958. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 31: 59.
— Masner, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 286.
Biology: Jansson, 1960. Opusc Ent. 25: 83-86. —Masner, 1968. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 65:
464-466.
obsoletus (Say). D. C, Va., Fla., Ind., Ont. Host: Stelidota strigosa (Gyll.).
Proctotrupes obsoletus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 377. 9.
occidentalis Brues. Idaho, Wash.
Cryptoserphus occidentalis Brues, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 7. 9.
Family DIAPRIIDAE
This a large family in which apparently only a small percentage of the existing species have
is
been described. Most of those whose host associations are known are parasites of Diptera.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 345-448. — Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich,
Lief. 44, pp. VI-XXX, 1-627.
Taxonomy: Jansson, 1939. Ent. Tidskr. 60: 167-172. — Masner, 1961. Inst. Sci. Madagascar,
Mem. 12: 289-292. — Kozlov, 1971. Soc. Ent. Unionis Sovet., Horae 54: 12-33.
Subfamily AMBOSITRINAE
Taxonomy: Masner, 1961. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. 12, pp. 289-295. —Masner, 1969. Ber.
ueber die 10. Wanderversammlung Deut. Ent. no. 80, pp. 105-109.
PropsiloiiDua Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. xxiv, 351, 422.
Type-species: PsiloiiDiia coluuibianum Ashmead. Monotypic
columbianum (Ashmead). D. C.
Psilonima coluuibianum Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 379. 9, S.
Subfamily ISMARINAE
Ta.xonomy: Thomson, 1858. Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 15: 377. — Hellen, 1963.
Taxonomy: Thomson, 1858. Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 15: 377. —Nixon, 1957. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), p. 11. —
Dessart, 1967. So. Austral. Mus., Rec. 15: 553.
— Muesebeck, 1972., Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 131.
Subfamily BELYTINAE
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 345-384. —Kieffer, 1908-1910. In Andre,
Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 345-691 ( pp. 345-448 pub. in 1908, pp. 449-592 in 1909, pp.
593-691 in 1910). -Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 347-593 (World fauna).
— Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), 107 pp. (British species). Hellen,
—
1964. Fauna Fennica 18: 6-66 (Finnish species).
Taxonomy: Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 127-142. —Thomson, 1858. Ofvers. Kongl.
Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 15: 155-180. -Ashmead, 1902. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 10: 244-247.
— Kieffer, 1910. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 107, pp. 1-47.
—
Masner, 1961. Inst. Sci.
Madagascar, Mem. 12: 290-292. -Kozlov, 1971. Soc. Ent. Unionis Sovet., Horae 54: 12-18,
23-28.
Leptorliaptus Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 129, 137. No species. —Ashmead, 1893.
U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 346, 349. Two species.
Type-species: Leptorliaptus conicus Ashmead. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley,
1951.
StylidoloH Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 53.
Type-species: Stylidolon poUtum Ashmead. Monotypic.
Stylidodon Ashmead, 1902. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 10: 245. Error.
An unnamed European species has been recorded as parasitizing larvae of Mycetophilidae. No
rearing records for any North American species have been published although one species is re-
ported to have been taken in burrows of the bark beetle Pliloeosinus canadensis Swaine, where
it presumably had developed on some dipterous scavenger.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1964. Acta Soc Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 126-130. —Masner, 1967. In
Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 293.
ealifornicus Ashmead. Calif. (Santa Cruz Mts.)
Cinetus ealifornicus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 360, 361. "6" = 9.
canadensis (Ashmead). Que., Ont. Ecology: With Pliloeosinus canadensis Swaine.
Miota canadensis Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 54. 9.
Cinetus procerus Masner and Muesebeck, 1968. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 270: 25. N. name.
subpolitus Masner. Ont. (Ottawa).
Stylidolon politioii Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 54. 9. Preocc. by Thomson, 1858.
Cinetus subpolitus Masner, 1964. Acta Sec. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 128. N. name.
texanus (Ashmead). Te.\.
Zelotypa texaua Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 364, 365. 6.
Miota Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 131, 141. No species. —Ashmead, 1890. Colo.
Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 12. One species.
Macrohyiniia Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 129, 136. No species. — Mayr, 1904.
Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 54: 593. One species.
Type-species: Macrohynnin lepidns Mayr. First included species.
Cinelaptus Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), pp. 7, 91.
Type-species: Cinelaptiis fragilia Nixon. Orig. desig.
americanus Kieffer. Pa. (Jeannette).
MacrohynniH americanus Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, 33: 338. 9.
Although the species of this genus are numerous and specimens are abundantly collected in
the field nothing has been published concerning their habits, biology or host relations except in
the case of A. fungicola (Crawford), which was reared in large numbers from dipterous larvae
living in a mushroom fungus of the genus Boletus.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), pp. 66-84.
— Hellen, 1964.
Fauna Fennica 18: 18-32.
antennalis (Fouts). N. Y. (McLean Bogs).
Xenotoma (Xenotoma) antennalis Fouts, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, BuL 21: 152, 154. 9.
aquilonia Muesebeck. Alaska (Muir Inlet).
Zelotypa borealis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 137, 138. 9. Preocc. by Aclista
borealis Ashmead, 1893, which is now in Zygota.
Aclista ashmead i Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 686.
N. name. Preocc. by Kieffer, 1905.
Aclista aquilonia Muesebeck, 1958. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 91. N. name.
ashmeadi (Kieffer). Calif. (San Mateo). Doubtfully referable to Aclista.
Zelotypa Ashmeadi Kieffer, 1905. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, Bui. 24: 109. <S.
bradleyi (Fouts). Calif. (Cuyamaca Mts.).
Xenotoma bradleyi Fouts, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 172. 9.
brunnipes Muesebeck and Walkley. Colo.
Xenotoma coloradensis Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 368, 370. 6. Preocc.
by Zelotypa coloradensis Ashmead, 1890, now in Pantoclis, when both were placed in
Aclista by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951.
Aclista brunnipes Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 686.
N. name.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1131
by Ashmead, 1893.
Xenotoma (Zelotypa) liarringtoni Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 544, 549. N.
name.
hirtifrons (Ashmead). Ont. (Ottawa).
Anectata hirtifrons Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 198. 9.
insularis (Ashmead). Fla. (Ft. George Isl.).
Pantoclis insularis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 367, 369. 9, (male misdet.).
kiefferi (Fouts). Pa. (Jeannette).
Xenotoma xanthopus Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 368, 371. S. Preocc. by
Ashmead, 1893.
Xenotoma jlavipes Kieffer, 1910. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 107, p. 33. N. name. Preocc.
by Ashmead, 1893. See under A. flavidipes (Kieffer).
Xenotoma (Xenotoma) kiefferi Fouts, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 151, 153. N. name.
laeta (Kieffer). Calif. (Claremont).
Xenotoma laeta Kieffer, 1909. Soc Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 368, 371. cJ.
Walkley, 1951, although the latter name has now been restored to Pantoclis.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1133
Aclista vagabunda Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p. 689.
N. name.
xanthopus (Ashmead). N. J.
Xenotoma xanthopus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 363. 9, S.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8(3), pp. 41-54.
— Hellen, 1964. Fauna
Fennica 18: 32-38.
Taxonomy: Muesebeck and Masner, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 294.
N. name.
flavipesAshmead. Va. (Arlington).
Pantoclis Jlaripes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 367, 370. 9.
1134 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Pantoclisjlavicrus Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 480, 500. Unnecessarily
proposed as a n. name for P.flavipes Ashmead.
floridana Ashmead.jFla. (Jacksonville).
Pantodis floridana Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 367, 372. 9.
georgica (Ashmead). Ga.
Aneciata georgica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 381, 382. S.
integrifrons Kieffer. Pa. (Jeannette).
Pantoclis integrifrons Kieffer, 1909. See. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 353, 356. 9.
jeannettensis (Muesebeck and Walkley). Pa. (Jeannette).
PantocliH niicroneurus Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 353, 355. S. Preocc.
by Aclista niicroneura Kieffer, 1909, when placed in Aclista by Muesebeck and Walkley,
1951, although that species is now in Zygota.
Aclista jeannettensis Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, p.
688. N. name.
klagesi Kieffer. Pa. (Jeannette).
Pantoclis Klagesi Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 353, 358. 6.
monilicornis (Ashmead). Colo. (Westcliffe).
Belyta )nonilicor}iis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 12. 9.
Zygota Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 128, 131, 133, 135. No species. —Marshall,
1873. Cat. Brit. Hym.; Oxyura, p. 9. Two species.
Type-species: Belyta abdoviinalis Nees. Desig. by Ashmead, 1893.
Carinia Kieffer, 1905. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 29: 140.
Type-species: Caritiia nitida Kieffer. Monotypic.
Tetrapsilus Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 367, 397.
Type-species: Tetrapsilus filicornis Kieffer. Monotypic.
Although specimens are commonly collected nothing seems to be known concerning the biolo-
Pantopieata Maneval, 1939. Soc. Ent.de France, Bui. 44: 169, 170.
Type-species: Cinetufs flaviventris Thomson. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8(3), pp. 24-27.
flavicauda Ashmead. Ont. (Ottawa).
AcropieHtafkwicauda Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 354. 9.
pulchella Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Acropiesta pulchella Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 75. 9, cJ.
pulchella var. melanocephala Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Acropiesta pulchella var. melanocephala Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 76. 9,
6. I
pulchella var. rufa Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Acropiesta pulchella var. rufa Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 76. 9, 3.
pulchella var. rufifrons Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Acropiesta pulchella var. rufifrons Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 76. 9, <5 .
picipes (Ashmead). D. C.
Pantoclis picipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 367, 368. 6.
robustior Fouts. N. Y., Md.
Belyta robustior Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 152. 9.
rostrata Harrington. Que. (Chelsea).
Belyta rostrata Harrington, 1899. Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans. (2) 5: 196. 9.
rugifrons Fouts. N. Y., Md.
Belyta rugifrons Fouts, 1926. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 21: 149. 6.
rugosopetiolata (Ashmead). Va., La.
Aclista rugosopetiolata Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 375, 377. 9.
Belyta vilis Kieffer, 1909. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 33: 360, 363. 6.
Oxtilabis Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 128, 130, 133, 139.
Type-species: Ciuetits picipes Nees. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley,
1951.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), pp. 27-29.
Acanosenm Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 360, 367, 407.
Type-species: Acanosema nifum Kieffer. Orig. desig.
Cardiopsilns Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 360,
405.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), pp. 21-24.
— Hellen, 1964.
Taxonomy: Nixon, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Handb. 8 (3), pp. 13-15.
conicus (Ashmead). Va. (Arlington).
Aclista conica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 375, 377. 9.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1139
Polypeza Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 123, 127. No species. -Ashmead, 1893. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 385, 387. One species.
Type-species: Polypeza pergandei Ashmead. First included species.
AtelopsiluH Kieffer, 1908. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 360.
Type-species: Pantolyta bninnea Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Propautolyta Kieffer, 1910. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 697, 709.
Type-species: Polypeza pergandei Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Masner and Sundholm, 1959. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 56: 161-164. — Masner,
1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 131.
Spiloviicrtis alaakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 45: 383. 9.
brunnea (Ashmead). Wash. (Easton).
Pantolyta brunnea Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 383. 9.
Synacra Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 128, 130, 134. No species. -Marshall, 1873.
Cat. Brit. Hym.; O.xyura, p. 10. One species but two names.
Type-species: Diapria bracliialiN Nees. Desig. by Ashmead, 1893.
Artibolux Haliday, 1857. Nat. Hist. Rev., v. 4, p. 173.
Type-species: Diapria brachialis Nees. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1956.
Neuropria Kieffer, 1904. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, Bui. 23: 53.
Type-species: Neuropria sociabilis Kieffer. Monotypic.
Prosynacra Kieffer, 1905. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. (3) 2: 35, 37. No species.
— Kieffer, 1910. Lab. Zool. Portici, Bol. 4: 108. One species.
Type-species: Prosynacra nigricepn Kieffer. First included species.
Paratelopsilus Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 73.
Type-species: Paratelopsilus canadensis Whittaker. Orig. desig.
1957. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 30: 74-76. —Masner, 1964.
Taxonomy: Pschorn-Walcher,
Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 131-132. —Masner, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S.
gracilis (Fouts). Mass. (Petersham). Ecology: Reared with Pissodes strobi (Peck).
Prosynacra gracilis Fouts, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 171. 9.
insoleta Fouts. Minn. (St. Paul). Ecology: Reared from galls on raspberry roots.
Synacra insoleta Fouts, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 18. 9, d.
Subfamily DIAPRIINAE
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 384-448 (North American species).
— Kieffer, 1910-1911. lu Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 691-1008 (pp. 691-752 pub.
in 1910, pp. 753-1008 in 1911). —Kieffer, 1912 (1911). In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 124, pp.
1-72.— Dodd, 1915. Roy. Soc. So. Austral., Trans. 39: 397-443 (Australian species).
— Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 3-347 (World fauna).
129.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 134. — Sundholm, 1970. South African
Anim. Life 14: 321-324.
ambigua (Brues). Conn. (Colebrook). Ecology: Taken in nest of Aphaenogaster nidis picea
(Emery).
Hoiiilexodes ambigua Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 126. 9.
californica (Ashmead). Wash., Calif. Host: Forcipoiuyia sp.
Hemilexis californica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 389, 390. 6.
canadensis (Harrington). Canada.
Heniilexodes caiiadensis Harrington, 1899. Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans. (2) 5: 201. 9.
floridana (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Hemilexodes floridana Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 400. 9. The male
mentioned by Ashmead is a species of Aphidiidae.
longii (Ashmead). Tex. (Austin). Host: Forciponiyia wheeleri (Long) in an old ant nest.
Adeliopria longii Ashmead, 1902. Biol. Bui. 3: 15. 9, 6.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1141
Spiloiiiicrus Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 1:
129.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 385 (Tribe Spilomicrini proposed).
—Masner, 1964. Entomophaga 9:81-85.— Sundholm, 1970. South African Anim. Life 14:
314-320.
armatus Ashmead. D. C.
Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 397. 9.
Spilomicnifi arniatus Ashmead, 1893. U. S.
atriclavus Ashmead. Ont. (Ottawa).
Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 397, 398. 9.
Spilowicrus atriclarns Ashmead, 1893. U. S.
atropetiolatus (Ashmead). Colo. (Westcliffe).
Isinaniy atropetiolatus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 11. 9.
bifoveatus Kieffer. Pa. (Jeannette).
Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 40. 9, S.
Spiloinicrns bifoceatu.s Kieffer, 1908. Soc.
brevicornis (Ashmead). Colo.
Basal gs brericoniis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 443, 446. 9.
californicus (Ashmead). Calif. (Santa Cruz Mts.).
Basal gs californica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 443, 446. 9. The male is the
1916.
holotype of Trichopria californiae (Kieffer),
flavicornis Ashmead. Va. (Arlington).
Spilowicrusflavicornis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 397, 398. 6.
1142 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
foutsi Masner. N. Y.
Spilomicrus kiejjeri Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 150. 9,6. Preocc. by
Crawford, 1910.
Spiloiuicnis foutui Masner, 1967. /*; Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
Sup. 2, p. 289. N. name.
ruficornis (Provancher). Canada.
Basalys nificontis Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 261. d.
Pentapviu Kieffer, 1905 (October). Genova Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat., Ann. (3) 2: 34. No species.
—
Kieffer, 1905 (November). Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz (2) 12: 105. One species.
Type-species: Peittapvki co)iiuge)is Kieffer. First included species.
Xenopvia Fouts, 1939. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 41: 260.
Type-species: Ximopria coliDiibioHa Fouts. Orig. desig.
AneurhynchuH Westwood, 1832. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 1:
129.
Taxonomy: Masner and Sundholm, 1959. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 56: 161-168.
floridanus Ashmead. Fla.
Aneurhyncliusfloridanus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 404, 405. 6.
Type-species: Puilun cornutufi Panzer. Monotypic. Three species were listed but two
of them were nomina tinda.
Coptera Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 281.
Type-species: Coptera polita Say. Monotypic.
Anii^optem Herrich-Schaeffer, 1940. Nomencl. Ent. v. 2, pp. 57, 69. Preocc. by Berthold,
1827.
Type-species: Auisoptem egregia Herrich-Schaeffer. Monotypic.
Laches Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierr. f. hoh. Schul., p. viii. N. name for Auisoptera
Herrich-Schaeffer.
Schizogalesits Kieffer, 1911. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 832, 833. Proposed
as a subgenus of Galemts Haliday.
Type-species: Galesits (Scliizogalesua) punctatiifi Kieffer. Desig. by Muesebeck and
Waikley, 1951.
The few species of Psilns that have been reared from known hosts are parasites of Diptera,
especially of Lonchaeidae and Tephritidae. An African species, P. siluestrii (Kieffer), which is a
parasite of various tephritids of the genera Ce)xititus and Dacus, was introduced into Hawaii as
a possible aid in the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly.
Revision: Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 200-235 (World fauna). —Nixon, 1930.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 6: 399-414 (African species).
Ta.xonomy: Brues, 1906. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 4: 150-152 (Key to No. Amer. species).
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 99(4): 38-40 (male genitalia).
atricornis (Ashmead). Ont., Md., Va., Idaho, Wash. Host: Lonchaea corticis Taylor.
Galesitx atricornis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 408, 409. 9.
autumnalis (Brues). Wis. (Milwaukee County).
Galesus autit)nnalis Brues, 1906. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 4: 150, 151. 9.
clarimontis (Kieffer). Calif. (Claremont).
Galesus clari)iiontis Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 285. 6.
microtomus (Kieffer). Calif. (San Mateo).
Galesus microtomus Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 285. cJ.
Mouelafa Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 123, 127. No species. —Marshall, 1873. Cat.
Brit. Hym.; Oxyura, p. 13. Three species.
Bsah/x Westwood, 1833. London, Edinb. and Dublin Phil. Mag. and Jour. Sci. (3) 3: 343.
Type-species: Basahf.s fun/ipennis Westwood. Monotypic.
Tropidopsi.^ Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 386, 402. Preocc. by Brauer and
Bergenstamm, 1889.
Type-species: Tropidop.sis clacata Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Ceratopria Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 407, 428.
Type-species: Ceratopria lo)i(jiceps Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Aciclopria Kieffer, 1913. Insecta 3: 442.
Type-species: Acidopria rariicor)ii.s Kieffer. Desig. by Kieffer, 1916.
Nexopria Muesebeck and Walkley, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 105: 374. N. name for
Tropidopsis Ashmead.
A North American form was reared from a species of Anthomyiidae and another was found in
the nest of a bee. There is also a record of a European species having been collected in an ant
nest. Otherwise there seems to be nothing in the literature concerning the habits or host rela-
tions of members of this genus.
Taxonomy: Sundholm, 1960. Opusc. Ent. 25: 221. -Masner, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 85-86.
ashmeadianus (Kieffer). "Canada."
Loxotropa asinneadiaiia Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 171, 190. 9.
californicus (Ashmead). Calif. (Santa Cruz Mts.).
Loxotropa californica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 413, 415. 9.
Basalys barda Masner and Muesebeck, 1968. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 270: 8. Unnecessarily
proposed as a n. name for Loxotropa califoniica Ashmead.
columbianus (Ashmead). Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Taken in nest of Lasioglossuni prni)ioiiH}H
(Robertson).
Loxotropa colnnibiana Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 413. 9.
Loxotropa riificornis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 413, 414. 6. Preocc. by
Thomson, i858.
Loxotropa aslniieadi Kieffer, 1911. /*( Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 923. N. name
for L. ruficorni.s Ashmead.
Apparently the species of this genus are very numerous, most of them still undescribed. They
are parasites of Diptera, including members of the families Tephritidae, Tachinidae, Syrphidae,
Ephydridae, Stratiomyidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Drosophilidae, Glossinidae, Tabanidae,
Chloropidae, Agromyzidae and Sciomyzidae.
Revision: Kieffer, 1916. Das Tierreich, Lief. 44, pp. 52-65 and 77-146.
Taxonomy: Mani, 1941. Cat. Indian Ins., pt. 26, pp. 44-47. —
Sundholm, 1960. Opusc. Ent. 25:
218-222. — Masner, 1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 136.
—
Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 40.
Biology: Cros, 1935. Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de I'Afrique du Nord, Bui. 26: 131-136.
abdominalis Fouts. N. J. (Riverton).
Trichopria (Trichopria) abdominalis Fouts, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28:
174. 9.
acutiventris (Brues). Tex. (near Austin). Ecology: In nest q{ Labidus coccus (Latreille).
Phaenopria acutiventris Brues, 1902. Amer. Nat. 36: 372. 9.
1 146 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
affinis (Ashmead). D. C.
Phaenopria affinis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 437, 440. 9.
rufipes Ashmead. D. C.
Trichopria rufipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 433, 434. 9, (male misdet.).
1148 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Diapria texana Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 421, 424. 9.
unifoveata (Kieffer). Calif. (Santa Clara County).
Tropidopria unifoveata Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 286. S.
utahensis (Ashmead). Utah (Salt Lake).
Diapria utahensis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 421, 423. 9.
Diapria Latreille, 1796. Precis. Caract. Gen. Ins., p. 110. No species. —Latreille, 1802. Hist.
Nat. Crust. Ins., v. 3, p. 309. Two species.
Type-species: Ich)ieunion conicus Fabricius. Desig. by Latreille, 1810.
Tropidopria Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 416.
Type-species: Ich>ieunion conicus Fabricius. Orig. desig.
Tropidobria Brethes, 1927. Ent. Mitt. 16: 334. Error.
Lepidopria Kieffer, 1910. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 695. No species.
— Kieffer, 1911. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, p. 869. One species.
Type-species: Lepidopria pedestris Kieffer. First included species.
Taxonomy: Wing, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 205.
aberrans Brues. Md. (Hagerstown). Host: Cryptomeigenia thelitis (Wlkr.)? This species almost
certainly does not belong in Lepidopria, but the holotype and only
known specimen is in
poor condition and its proper generic placement has not been determined.
Lepidoria (!) aberrans Brues, 1916. Psyche 23: 126. 9.
Biology: Wing, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 102: 207.
Unplaced Taxa of Diapriidae
PsiliiH ah<lo)iii)iali.s Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 283. Ind.
Psiliix (tpicalis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 283. Ind.
Psilns hrericorxis Say, 1824. I)t Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 328. Ind.
colon Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 284. Ind.
P.s(7((.s-
Psilus obfusiis Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye. Phila. 1: 280. Ind.
Psilua teniiittatits Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 282. Ind.
Family SCELIONIDAE
So far as known all species of this family are parasitic in the eggs of other insects or in the
egg sacs of spiders.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 136-247 (Nearctic fauna). -Kieffer, 1908.
Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 111-251. -Kieffer, 1912-1913. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur.
Alg., V. 11, pp. 3-304 (pp. 3-160 pub. in 1912; pp. 161-304 in 1913). -Dodd, 1913. Roy. Soc.
So. Austral., Trans. 37: 130-181 (Australian fauna). —Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48,
pp. 1-557 (World fauna).
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1903. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 11: 86-94. — Brues, 1909 (1908). In
Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 80, pp. 1-59. — Mani, 1941. Cat. Indian Ins., pt. 26, pp. 2-29.
— Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 209-219 (English transL: Ent. Rev. 49: 118-123). — Kozlov,
1971. Soc. Ent. Unionis Sovet., Horae 54: 33-54.
Biology: Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 6-8. — Clausen, 1940. Entomophagous
Insects, pp. 349-357.
Subfamily SCELIONINAE
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 167-247. —Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich,
Lief. 48, pp. 264-557.
Taxonomy: Mani, 1941. Cat. Indian Ins., pt. 26, pp. 17-29. -Kodov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49:
209-214 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 118-122). —
Hellen, 1^71. Fauna Fennica 23: 1-25.
The only species for which reliable records of host association are available is parasitic in the
eggs of the Mormon cricket, Anabrns si))iplex Hald. The North American species have not been
critically studied; most material in the larger collections is unidentified. Apparently there are
numerous undescribed species.
Biology: Pemberton, 1933. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 8: 253-264. —Noble, 1935. Agr. Gaz.
N. S.
Wales 46: 513-518. -Noble, 1938. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 49: 143-147. -Murai, 1962.
Yamagata Agr. and For. Soc, Jour. 20: 21-29. —Great head, 1963. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Trans. 114: 488.
1152 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
caloptenorum Riley. Type missing and species too briefly characterized for identification.
Scelio caloptenorum Riley 1885. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 1: 22.
conformis Muesebeck. Md.
Scelio conform^ Muesebeck, 1972. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 102: 4, 6. 9.
ernstii Riley. Fla., Ala., S. C, Tex.; Mexico, Guatemala, Brit. Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama,
Trinidad, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil. Host: Scliistocerca americana (Drury), S. paranensis
(Burm.).
Scelio eniHtii Riley, 1885. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 1: 22. 9, S.
Scelio fuscipennis Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 119. 9.
Scelio veuezueleusis Marshall, 1892. In Buysson and Marshall, Soc. Ent. de France, Ann.
61:74. 9.
floridanus Ashmead. Fla., Calif.; Mexico. Host: Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas), M.
sanguinipes (F.).
Scelio floridcmns Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 242, 247. 9.
hyalinipennis Ashmead. Fla., S. C, Tex.
Scelio liyalinipoinix Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 119. 9.
incertus Muesebeck. Tex.
Scelio incertus Muesebeck, 1972. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 102: 5, 10. 9.
insolitus Muesebeck. N. Y. (Paul Smiths).
Scelio insolitus Muesebeck, 1972. Smithsn. Contrib. Zool. 102: 4, 10. 9.
oedipodae Ashmead. Ont., Va., Fla., Tex., Colo., Mont. Host: Originally cited as Oedipoda sp.
Scelio oedipodae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 242, 245. 9.
Scelio rufiventris Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 242, 245. 9.
Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Misc. Collect. 99: 38-39, pi. 10, figs. Q and R.
ovivorus (Riley). Mass., Conn., Pa., D. C, Va., N. C, Fla., 111., Iowa, Ark., Tex. Host:
Dissosteira Carolina (L.).
Caloptenobia ovii'ora Riley, 1878 (1877). U. S. Ent. Comn., Ann. Rpt. 1, p. 306. 9.
Scelio pallidicornisAshmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 242, 244. 6.
pallidipes Ashmead. S. C, Fla.
Scelio pallidipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 242, 244. 6.
striativentris Kieffer. N. Que., Ont., Man., N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Y., Md., Va., N. C. (4000
S., ft.),
Gocitula Nixon, 1933. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 12: 465.
Type-species: Goi'inda niila Nixon. Orig. desig.
the U. S. National
Although there are no described North American species of this genus
Museum of Natural History contains unnamed specimens, apparently representing several dif-
ferent species, from Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona, and California.
BaryconuH Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 101, 104. No species. —Ashmead, 1887. Ent.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 69.
erythrothorax (Kieffer), n. comb. Pa. (Jeannette).
Macroteleia erythrothorax Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 22. 9.
marlattii Ashmead. Throughout Austral Zone. Ecology: Taken in mixed colony of Mynnica sp.
and Leptothorax sp. Host: Gryllus sp. (eggs).
Caloteleia Marlattii Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 212, 214. 9, 6.
Macroteleia ruskini Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 179. 9.
Biology: Severin, 1935. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 295: 44.
nigriceps (Ashmead). Va., Fla., Ark.
Auteris nigriceps Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 225, 226. 9, 6.
rubriclava (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Acoliix rnbriclai'Hs Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 99. 9.
Although no Nearctic species of this genus have been described, L. Masner reports that the
Canadian National Collection contains unnamed specimens from Georgia, Florida, Missouri and
Texas. There is also an unidentified specimen of Creviastobaeus from Alabama in the U. S. Na-
tional Museum of Natural History.
ProbaryconuN Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 118, 165, 168. Proposed as
subg. of Baryconus.
Type-species: Baryconus (Probaryconus) spinosus Kieffer. Monotypic.
Aniblyconns Kieffer, 1913. In Andre, spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 11, p. 221. No species.
— Kieffer, 1914. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 11, p. 325. One species.
Type-species: A)nblyconus quadridens Kieffer. First included species.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 90.
striatus (Ashmead). D. C.
Caloteleia striata Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 212, 213. 9.
Biology: Udine and Pinckney, 1940. Pa. Acad. Sci., Proc. 14: 81-84.
Holoteleia Kieffer, 1908. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 32: 120, 169.
Type-species: Baiiicoiiits {Holoteleia) bicolor Kieffer. Orig. desig. This name,
preocc. by Baii/coiiHs bicolor Harrington, 1899, has been replaced by Holoteleia
iiiyriceps Kieffer, 1926.
The following species are placed in Holoteleia on the authority of L. Masner, who has ex-
amined the holotypes.
bicolor (Harrington), n. comb. Ont., Alta.
Bari)co)iHs bicolor Harrington, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 79. 9, 6.
cincta (Harrington), n. comb. Ont., Sask., Wis.
Bartjco)ins ductus Harrington, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 79. 9.
parvipennis (Melander and Brues), n. comb. Mass., Ohio.
Caloteleia parripeinii.s Melander and Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 22. 9.
Taxonomy: Szabo, 1958. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 50: 271. — Kozlov, 1971. Soc.
Ent. Unionis Sovet., Horae 54: 41.
reticulatus (Fouts). D. C.
Anteris reticulatus Fouts, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 178. 9, 6.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1157
Ta.xonomy: Kieffer, 1912. Linn. Soc. London, Trans, (ser. 2), Zool. 15: 65. — Masner 1965
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 88.
brevipennis Pouts. Ill, S. Dak., La., Tex., Calif. Host: Gryllus spp. (eggs).
Paridris brevipennis Pouts, 1920. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 66. 9, 6.
Biology: Severin, 1935. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 295: 44.
laeviceps (Ashmead). Va. (Arlington).
Idris laeviceps Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 235. i.
Idris lericeps Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5,
p. 497. Emend.
nigricornis (Brues). Conn. (Colebrook). Ecology: From mixed colony of Myrmica sp. and
Leptothorax sp.
Idris nigriconiis Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 125. <J.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 229-234 (North American species).
-Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 446-473 (World fauna). -Nixon, 1934. Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 290-313 (African species).
Taxonomy: Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 47. -Dodd, 1914. Arch. f. Naturgesch.
80 (A): 18-21. — Masner, 1961. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 58: 158-163.
ajax (Girault). N. C, Tenn., Ala., La., Ohio, 111., Mo., Ariz. Host: Anasa tristis (DeG.).
Hadroiiotm ajax Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 181. 9,6.
Biology: Schell, 1943. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 36: 625-635.
anasae (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Anam tristis (DeG.), Euthochtha galeator (F.).
Telenomus anasae Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 14: 23. 9, i.
atriscapus (Gahan). Tex. Host: Naniia pallidiconiis Stal, N.femorata Stal, Leptoglossus
pliyllopiis (L.).
HadroHotus atriscapus Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 37. 9, S.
brevipennis (Harrington). Que. (Hull).
Hadronotus brevipennis Harrington, 1899. Roy. Soc. Canada, Trans. (2) 5: 188. 9, i.
carinatifrons (Ashmead). Fla., Tex.; West Indies. Host: Anasa tristis (DeG.), Leptoglosstis
gonagra (F.).
Hadronotus carinatifrons Ashmead, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 229, 230. 9.
coracinus (Fouts). Tex. (Brownwood).
St/nteleia coracina Fouts, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 178. 9.
floridanus (Ashmead). Fla. Host: Acanthocepliala feiuorata (F.).
Hadronotus floridanus Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 118. 9.
insularis (Ashmead). N.C, Fla., La., Mo.; St. Vincent, Mexico. The U. S. records
communicated by L. Masner.
Hadronotus insularis Ashmead, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 230. 9, 3.
largi (Ashmead). (Los Angeles). Host: Largus succinctus (L.).
Calif.
Hadronotus largi Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 230, 231. 9, S.
leptocorisae (Howard). Fla. (Crescent City). Host: Stenocoris tipuloides (DeGeer).
Hadronotus leptocorisae Howard, 1885. In Hubbard, Insects affecting the Orange, p. 215.
9,6.
myrmecophilus (Ashmead). Va., La. Host: Alydus eurinus (Say).
Hadronotus niyrnwcophilus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 230, 232. 6.
parkeri (Fouts). Md., Mich., Mo. Host: Lygaeus kahnii Stal, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas).
Hadronotus parkeri Fouts, 1920. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 64. 9, 6.
rugiceps (Ashmead). D. C.
Hadronotus rugiceps Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 231, 233. 9.
rugosus (Howard). Fla. (Rockledge). Host: Dysdercus suturellus (H.-S.), Euthochtha galeator
(F.).
Hadronotus rugosus Howard, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 242. 9.
xanthogaster (Ashmead). D. C.
Aeolus xanthogaster Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 174. 9.
Ta.xonomy: Dodd, 1939. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 64: 339-344. —Masner, 1964. Acta See.
Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 142-144. -Masner, 1968. Natal Mus., Ann. 20: 197. -Kozlov, 1970. Ent.
Obozr. 49: 213 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 119-120). —Masner and Dessart, 1972.
Canad. Ent. 104: 505-506.
LbnnodijteN Marchal, 1900. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 69: 171, 174. Preocc. by Dumeril and
Bibron, 1841.
Type-species: Liiunodytea gerriphagus Marchal. Orig. desig.
Tiphodytes Bradley, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 179. N. name.
Hnngaroscelio Szabo, 1957. Folia Ent. Hungarica (n. s.) 10: 289.
Type-species: HungaroNcelio kaszabi Szabo. Orig. desig.
Members of this genus are parasitic in the eggs of certain aquatic insects.
Taxonomy: Masner and Kozlov, 1965. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 62: 292.
gerriphagus (Marchal). Ont., Maine, N. Y., Mich., Calif.; Europe. Host: Gerris sp., Trepobates
sp.
Lininodyte.s ycrripliayus Marchal, 1900. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 69: 172, 175. 9, 6.
Hungaroncelio kaszabi Szabo, 1957. Folia Ent. Hungarica (n. s.) 10: 290. 6.
3: 13.
Biology: Jansson, 1939. Entomologbladet
Megacolus Priesner.
The species of Idris are parasitic in the egg sacs of spiders.
Ta.xonomy: Masner, 1961. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 58: 163-166. —Szabo, 1965. Mus.
Natl.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 20. —Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.), Bui., Ent. Sup. 1, p. 67.
americanus Howard. Que., N. Y., Ont., Ohio.
Baeus a)iiericauus Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 270. 9.
latrodecti Dozier. Md., S. C, Mo., La., Kans., Tex., Cahf.; West Indies, Hawaii. Host:
Latrodectus )uactaus (F.).
Baeus latrodecti Dozier, 1931. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 33: 27. 9, d.
Baeus californicus Pierce, 1939 (1938). So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 37: 101, 103. 9,6.
Biology:Pemberton and Rosa, 1940. Hawaii. Planters Rec. 44: 73-80.
minutus Ashmead. Ont. (Ottawa).
Baeus luinutus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 178. 9.
niger Ashmead. Ont., D. C.
Baeus niger Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 178. 9.
Subfamily TELEASINAE
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 180-208 (North American
— Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 173-264 (World fauna). -Dodd, species).
1930. Linn.
Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 55: 41-91 (Australian fauna). —Nixon, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (10) 17: 114-141; 161-191 (African fauna). — Szabo, 1966. Folia Ent. Hungarica (n. s.)
19: 9-108 (Palearctic species).
pallidipes Ashmead. N. J.
Teleas pallidipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 199, 200. 6.
Revision: Fouts, 1948. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 98: 91-148 (North American species).
Ta.xonomy: Maneval, 1937. Mus. Roy. d'Hist. Nat. de Belg., Bui. (22): 17-27. -Masner,
13
1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 144.
aeneus (Provancher). Ont. (Ottawa).
Spalangia aenea Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 200. 3.
1162 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
columbianus (Ashmead). D. C.
Prosacantha cohunbiana Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 186, 194. 9.
1859.
Triniorus vinctus Fouts, 1948. U. S. Natl. Mus.. Proc. 98: 101, 140. N. name.
virginiensis (Kieffer). Va.
Hoplogrtjon tibialis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 201, 203. 9. Preocc. by
Foerster, 1841.
Hoplogri/on rirginiensis Kieffer, 1910. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. SOB, p. 98. N. name.
whittakeri Fouts. B. C. (Chilliwack).
Triinorus icliittakeri Fouts, 1948. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 98: 101, 138. 9.
xanthognathus (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Prosacantlta xantltognatlia Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 187, 197. 6.
1166 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Subfamily TELENOMINAE
Most of the species of this subfamily develop as parasites in the eggs of Lepidoptera or
Hemiptera but a few parasitize the eggs of Diptera and Neuroptera.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 138-166 (Nearctic species). Dodd, 1913. —
Roy. Soc. So. Austral., Trans. 37: 157-174 (Australian species). —Kieffer, 1926. Das
Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 15-131 (World fauna). —Nixon, 1935. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans.
83: 73-103 (African species).
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1903. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 11: 87-88. —Nixon, 1937. Ann. and Mag.
Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 113-116. —
Masner, 1961. First Internatl. Conf. Ins. Path, and Biol.
Control, Trans, pp. 375-381.
Taxonomy: Masner and Kozlov, 1965. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 62: 287-290.
fasciatus Ashmead. Mass., Fla., Tex.; Europe. Host: Mezira granulata (Say)?
Aradophagns fasciat us Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 166. 9, S.
Genus EUMICROSOMA Gahan
Eumicrosonta Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 442.
Type-species: Eunticrosonta beneficnm Gahan. Orig. desig.
Baeonenrella Dodd, 1914. Roy. Soc. So. Austral., Trans. 38: 124.
Type-species: Baeoneura giranlti Dodd. Orig. desig.
Nardo Nixon, 1938. Ann and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 1: 278.
Type-species: Nardo cuinaeus Nixon. Orig. desig.
Szelenyiella Szabo, 1957. Opusc. Zool. Inst. Zoosyst. Univ. Budapest, 2: 49.
\
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1167
Taxonomy: Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 108.
— Masner and
Kozlov, 1965. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 62: 291-292.
beneficum Gahan. Va., Fla., 111., S. Dak., Kans., Okla., Tex.; Brit.
Iowa, W.
Indies; USSR. Host:
Blixsus leitcoptentN lencopterits (Say), B. leucopteruH liirtus Mont., B. iuHitlaris Barber.
EHiiiicroso))i(i benefica Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 442. 9, d.
Biology: McCulIoch, 1915. Jour. Econ. Ent. 8: 248-260. -Dicke, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 376.
bicolor (Ashmead). Va., Mich. Ecology: From unknown eggs on Poa compressa.
Baeoneum bicolor Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 235. 9.
Taxonomy: Mayr, 1879. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 29: 697-714. -Nixon, 1937. Ann.
.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 113-127. -Nixon, 1940. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 6:
497-512. — Risbec, 1950. Trav. Lab. d'Ent. du Sect. Soudanais de Recherches Agron. 2, pp.
556-566. -Masner, 1961. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 58: 166-167. —Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.), Bui. Ent., Sup. 1, p. 109.
alsophilae Viereck. N. S., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., N. J., Va., N. C, Wis., Minn., Man., Sask.
Host: Alsopliila po»ietaria (Harris).
Telenomm alsophilae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 111. 9, 3.
Biology: Schread, 1945. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 488: 416-418.
—
Ciesla, 1965. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 58: 702-704. -Rauschenberger and Talerico, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 881-882.
arzamae Riley. D. C, La. Host: Arzauia densa (Wlkr.).
TeleuowHs arzainae Riley, 1893. In Ashmead, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 144, 157. 9, 6.
bakeri Kieffer. Calif. (San Mateo).
Teleno»uis Bakeri Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 261. 6.
bifidus Riley. D. C, Wis., Mo. Host: Hyphantria cunea (Drury).
TelenoMHs bifid ns Riley, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1886, p. 531. 9, cJ.
califomicus Ashmead. N. Mex., Idaho, Nev., Greg., Calif. Host: Orgyia sp., O. pseudotsugata
(McD.).
Telenonuis califomicus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 143, 150. 9.
catalpae Muesebeck. Md., Va., Ga., Ark. Host: Ceratonna catalpae (Bdvl.).
Telenowus catalpae Muesebeck, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 279. 9,6.
chrysopae Ashmead. D. C, Va., S. C, Fla., Ark., Minn., Kans. Host: Chrysopa spp., Lomamyia
flai'icornis (Wlkr.).
Telenonnis chrysopae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 145, 159. 6.
1168 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
clisiocampae Riley. Transition and Upper Austral Zones. Host: Malacoso)ua fragile (Stretch),
M. (lis.styia (Hbn.), M. (unericaiuiiti (F.).
Telenomiis clisioccmipae Riley, 1893. //( Ashmead, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 145, 160. 9,6.
Biology: Hodson, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 131-136. — Langston, 1957. Univ. Calif.
Pub., Ent. 14: 30-31.
coelodasidis Ashmead. Que., N. H., N. Y., D. C. Host: Sclnziim leptiiioides (Grote),
HctirocaHijHi (jiittiritia (Wlkr.).
TclenouiHs coeloda.^idis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 145, 159. 6.
coloradensis Crawford. Colo., Idaho, Wash. Host: Orqijia oslari Barnes, 0. pKcndoti<n<iata
(McD.).
Teleiioiint.scoloradensis Crawford, 1910 (1909). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 206. 9,6.
dalmani (Ratzeburg). Ont., Maine, Mass., N. Y.; Europe. Host: Notolophus antiqitus (L.),
Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. Smith).
Teleas Dulinanni Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 185. 9,6.
Telenomns Dalwatii Mayr, 1879. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 29: 699, 708. Emend.
Tele)io»ius decorator Mayr, 1879. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 29: 709.
Tele>io)iiiis daltiianii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 514. Emend.
Telenowiis Orgt/iae Fitch, 1863 (1862). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 22: 679.
Teleno)iiiisfisf;ei Brues, 1910. Psyche 17: 106. 9,6.
Biology: Winburn and Painter, 1932. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 5: 11-15.
Superfamily P.ROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1169
9.
G. pollens Stal.
reynoldsi Gordh and Coker. Calif., Wash. Host: Geocoris punctipes Say,
Telenomus reynoldsi Gordh and Coker, 1973. Canad. Ent. 105: 1407. 9, cJ.
rileyi Howard. Mo. Host: Asterocampa clyton (Say).
Telenomus rileyi Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies East. U. S., p. 1896. 6.
1 170 Hymenoptera in America Nortii of Mexico
sphingis (Ashmead). N. C, Fla., Ohio, Tenn., Mo.; West Indies. Host: Manduca sexta (L.).
Teleas sphingis Ashmead, 1887. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bui. 14: 18. 9, cJ.
TelenoviHS )}ioniliconiis Ashmead, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 203. 6.
spilosomatis Ashmead. D. C, Va., Ohio, Kans. Host: Diacrisia virginica (F.).
Telenonnis spilosoiiuttis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 144, 151. 2, cJ.
Biology: Jones and Anthony, 1964. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1295: 34.
tetratomus Kieffer. Nev. (Ormsby County).
Teleuo))iiis tetmtoiinis Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 261. 9.
The species of Trissolcus seem to be exclusively parasitic in the eggs of Hemiptera. Two
African species have been recorded from eggs of Lepidoptera but there appears to be some
doubt concerning the accuracy of those records.
Revision: Ashmead 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 161-164 (No. Amer. species). —Kieffer,
1926. Das Tierreich,Lief. 48, pp. 91-116, 126-130 (World species). —Nixon, 1935. Roy. Ent.
Soc. London, Trans. 83: 95-103 (African species). —Nixon, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(11) 2: 122-139 (Asian species). —Nixon, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 135-144 (Ethiopian and
Indo-Malayan species).
Taxonomy: Watanabe, 1951. Shikoki Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 21. — Masner, 1964. Acta Soc. Ent.
Cechoslov. 61: 145-146.
basalis (Wollaston). Fla., La.; Africa; Australia; certain Pacific islands; West Indies. Host:
Nezaro ciridula (L.).
Telenomus basalis Wollaston, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1: 25. 9, cJ.
1858.
Telenonius )naderensis Wollaston, 1858. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1: 25. 9.
Telenomus iiiegacephalus Ashmead, 1894. Linn. Soc. London, Jour., Zool. 25: 203^212. 9.
Telenoiiins iiiegaloceplialus Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 152. Emend.
Telenomus piceipcs Dodd, 1919. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1919: 354. 9,6.
Taxonomy: Priesner, 1931. Soc. Roy. Ent. d'Egypte, Bui. 15: 137-139. -Nixon, 1935. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 83: 100-102. —Nixon, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 143.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1171
Biology: Miller, 1928. Fla. Ent. 12: 17-20. -Kamal, 1937. Soc. Roy. Ent. d'Egypte, Bui. 21:
181-207. -Noble, 1937. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 48: 337-341. —Lever, 1941. Fiji Dept. Agr.,
Jour. 12: 45-47. —Smith, 1945. Queensland Agr. Jour. 61: 347-348. —Cumber, 1951. New
Zeal. Jour. Sci. and Technol., Sect. B, 32: 30-37. -Cumber, 1953. New Zeal. Jour. Sci. and
Technol., Sect. B, 34: 267-269. -Cumber, 1964. New Zeal. Jour. Sci. 7: 536-554.
brochymenae (Ashmead). Fla., Ind., Ark., Te.\. Host: Brocliyynena arborea (Say), Acrosternum
Hare (Say).
It
Telenomus euschisti Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 161, 162. Emend.
murgantiae Ashmead. D. C, N. C, Ga., Fla., La., Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Murgantia histrionica
(Hahn).
Trissolciis murgantiae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 162, 163. 9,6.
Biology: Huffaker, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 117-118. -De Bach, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35:
787. —
FuUaway, 1947. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 13: 13.
podisiAshmead. Conn., Pa., W. Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., 111., Mo., Calif. Host: Podisus
)tiaculireiitris (Say), P. serieretitris Uhler, Ba)iasa ditiiidiata (Say).
Trissolcus podisi Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 161, 162. 9.
rufiscapus Ashmead. D. C.
Trissolcus rufiscapus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 162, 163. 9.
rufitarsis Kieffer. Nev. (Ormsby County).
Trissolcus rufitarsis Kieffer, 1906 (1905). Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 50: 262. 9.
Mo. Host: Thijauta Nezara viridula
thyantae Ashmead. N. Y., Md., Ga., Ala., Ohio, Ind., sp.,
(L.).
Trissolcus thyantae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 162, 163. 9.
utahensis (Ashmead). Colo., N. Me.x., Ariz., Utah, Idaho, Alta., Calif.; Mexico. Host:
Chlorochroa sayi Stal, C. ligata (Say), C. uhleri Stal, Thyanta pallidovirens spinosa
Ruckes, Euschistus itupictiventris (Stal), E. servus (Say).
Telenomus utahensis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 143, 148. 9, c5.
Hadronotus uiesillae Cockerell, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 25. 6.
Teleuotnus ashuteadi Morrill, 1907. Amer. Nat. 41: 419. 9, 6.
Family PLATYGASTRIDAE
Members of this family for which host associations are known are mainly parasites of Diptera,
and
and especially of the Cecidomyiidae, but some are important parasites of mealybugs
whiteflies. Occasional species have been reared from wasp larvae of
the subfamily Crabroninae,
from hymenopterous galls, and from eggs of certain Coleoptera.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 247-330. -Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich,
Lief. 48, pp. 557-884.
Taxonomy: Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 20, 28, 106-116. -Thomson, 1859. Ofvers.
16: 69-88. —Marshall, 1873. Cat. Brit. Hym.; Oxyura, pp.
Kongl Vetensk.-Akad., Forh.
17-22 -Ashmead
1903. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 11: 94-99. -Mani, 1941. Cat. Indian Insects,
Ent. Tidskr. 60: 173-175. -Szabo, 1959. Mus. Natl.
pt 26 pp. 29-35. -Jansson, 1939.
1172 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 51: 389-390. -Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 219-225 (English
transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 123-126). -Kozlov, 1971. See. Ent. Unionis Sovet, Horae 54: 54-64.
Biology: Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 7-10. —Clausen, 1940. Entomophagous
Insects, pp. 239-249.
Subfamily INOSTEMMATINAE
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1903. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 11: 95-96. —
Szabo, 1959. Mus. Natl.
Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 51: 390. —Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 220-222 (English transl.:
Ent. Rev. 49: 123-124).
Tribe INOSTEMMATINI
Genus METACLISIS Foerster
Mefactisi.s Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 106, 109.
Type-species: Metacli.sis aieolatiis Foerster. Monotypic.
Parinoxteiiniia Kieffer, 1914. hi Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 11, p. 355.
Type-species: hiosteiinna qiii)i(l(i Walker. Orig. desig.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bui., Ent., Sup. 1, p. 131.
— Hellen, 1968.
Notulae Ent. 48: 45. —Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 220 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49:
123).
carinata (Ashmead). D. C.
Monocrita carinata Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 253, 254. 9.
floridana (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Acetota Floridana Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 128. 9.
Biology: Marchal, 1906. Arch, de Zool. Expt. et Gen. 34: 537-573. Adler, 1908. Ztschr. — f.
Wiss. Insektenbiol. 4: 306-307. -Myers, 1927. Bui. Ent. Res. 18: 129-133.
americanum (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville).
Allot ropa Americana Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 125. 6.
Monocrita nielanostropha Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 126. 9.
Acerota caryae Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 128. 9,6.
belonocnemae (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville). Host: Belonocnevia treatae Mayr gall.
Metaclisis belonocnemae Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 125. 9.
californicum Ashmead. Calif. (Los Angeles County). Host: Cecidomyiid gall-maker on
Tlielypodiit ni i)i
tegrifoliu iii .
Inostemma califomica Ashmead, 1893. U. S. NatL Mus., Bui. 45: 257, 259. 9,6.
cecidomyiae (Ashmead). Calif. (Los Angeles County). Host: Cecidomyiid gall-maker on
Ephedra califomica.
Acerota cecidomyiae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 260, 261. c5.
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1173
Taxonomy: Masner, 1965. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), BuL, Ent., Sup. 1, p. 130.
fuscipennis Ashmead. D. C.
laontasiusfnscipennis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., BuL 45: 255. 9.
musculus Ashmead. Fla. (Jacksonville).
hontanius musculus Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 126. 9.
Tetrahaeus Kieffer, 1912. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 11, p. 87.
Type-species: Aplianonierus a)nericanus Brues. Orig. desig.
Crabroborus Muesebeck, 1963. Beitr. z. Ent. 13: 391.
Type-species: Crabroborus kronibeini Muesebeck. Orig. desig.
Biology: Krombein, 1964. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77: 104-108, fig. 11.
ashmeadi Muesebeck. Conn., Md., Va., La. Host: Pseudococcus covistocki (Kuw.), Ferrisia
I'irgata (Ckll.), Plienacoccus sp., Pitto cnpressi (Coleman).
Iphitraclielus americanus Ashmead, 1891 (1890). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 58. Nom. nud.
1174 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Iphetrachelnn
(!) Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 250. 6. Preocc. by
(niiericanuH
AUotropa (ni/eriania Ashmead, 1887, which is now in Inosteiiniia.
AUotropa aslniieadi Muesebeck, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 159. N. name.
burrelli Muesebeck. Estab. in Conn., Del., Pa., Va., W. Va., Ohio. Introd. from Japan. Host:
Pseitdococciia conistocki (Kuw.).
AUotropa btorelli Muesebeck, 1942. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 37: 170. 9, d.
Biology: Clancy, 1944. Jour. Agr. Res. 69: 159-167. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 1139: 74-75.
citri Muesebeck. Released and recovered in Calif, but doubtfully estab. Introd. from So.
China. Host: PUuiococch.s citri (Risso).
AUotropa Muesebeck, 1954. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 49: 18. 9, (5.
citri
convexifrons Muesebeck. Conn., N. Y., N. J., Va.; Japan, USSR. Host: Pneudococcus co)iistocki
(Kuw.), P. lo)i()ispi)iiis (Targ.-Tozz.).
AUotropa conrexifroiin Muesebeck, 1942. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 37: 171. 9,6.
Biology: Carman, Brigham, Schread and Smith, 1943. Conn. State Agr. E.\pt. Sta., Bui. 472:
232. —
Haeussler and Clancy, 1944. Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 503-509. Shenderovskaya, 1967.—
Zashch. Rast. 12: 51. (In Russian).
merrilli Muesebeck. Fla., La. Host: Trionymus sp. on bald cypress.
AUotropa nierriUi Muesebeck, 1954. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 49: 20. 9, d.
utilis Muesebeck. N. S., N. H., Vt., Ont., B. C; Japan. Host: Plienacoccus aceris (Sign.), P.
perf/atidei Ckll.
AUotropa «/(7(.s Muesebeck, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 158. 9, 6.
Biology: Gilliatt, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 160-163. —Marshall and Pickett, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76:
19. —
Wishart, 1947 (1946). Ontario Ent. Soc, 77th Ann. Rpt., p. 36. McLeod, 1954. Ent. —
Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc 50: 19. —Murakami, 1962. Kyushu Univ. Facul. Agr., Sci. Bui. 19:
390-402. -Murakami, 1963. Kyushu Univ. Facul. Agr., Sci. Bui. 20: 229-240.
Tribe IPHITRACHELINI
The members of group are set off sharply from the remainder of the Inostemmatinae by
this
their 4-segmented tarsi. Nothing is known concerning their biology or host relations.
Subfamily SCELIOTRACHELINAE
Two genera of this group occur in North America. One of these, Fidiobia Ashmead, has
generally been placed in the Inostemmatinae; the other, Atiiitiis Haldeman, in the Platygas-
trinae. In the more recent treatments of these genera, however, the two are considered as being
closely allied and as belonging in a distinct section of the family which is currently called the
subfamily Sccliotracliellnae.
Taxonomy: Brues, 1909 (1908). In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 80, pp. 12-13. Szabo, 1959. Mus. —
Natl. Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 51: 389-396 (proposal of tribal name Amitini for this
group). -Masner, 1964. Psyche 71: 8-11. -Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 222-223 (English
transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 124-125).
Subfamily PLATYGASTRINAE
The species of this subfamily are essentially parasites of Cecidomyiidae; apparently very rare-
ly cynipid or tenthredinid gall-makers are the hosts. Some species
are polyembryonic.
Revision: Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 1-145 (North American species).
Taxonomy: Kozlov, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 223-224 (English transl.: Ent. Rev. 49: 125-126).
Metanopedias Brues, 1910. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 28: 79.
Type-species: Metanopedias sicarius Brues. Monotypic.
1176 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Jackson, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 734-736. —Jackson and Masner, 1966.
Canad. Ent. 98: 1214-1219.
brunneipes (Ashmead). Throughout the U. S. and southeastern Canada; Mexico, Costa Rica,
and the Caribbean. Host: Apparently various cecidomyiid gall-makers.
Trichacis brunneipes Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 131. 9 .
Trichasis (!) rubicola Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 295, 296. 9,6.
Tricltattiii (!) arizoneuHis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 295, 296. 9,6. Preocc.
by Iso)lio)iibHs arizoneuHis Ashmead, 1893, when the latter was placed in Trichacis.
Metanopedian .'iicariun Brues, 1910. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 28: 79. 9.
Biology: Marchal, 1906. Arch, de Zool. Expt. et Gen. 34: 548-557 (Development of the
European T. ronulits (Walker) as a parasite of the Hessian fly, Maijetiola destructor
(Say)).
arizonensis (Ashmead). Ariz. (Ft. Huachuca).
Isorhonibu.^ arizouen.'iis
Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 277. 9.
cornicola (Ashmead). Mo. (Kirkwood). Host: Cecidomyiid gall-maker on Conius paniculata.
Siptopeas cornicola Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 286, 288. 9,6.
cornuta Fouts. Tex. (Brownwood).
Trichacis cornuta Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 93. 9.
rufipes Ashmead. D. C, Va., Fla., Mo.
Trichasis (!) rufipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 295. 9,6.
texana Fouts. Tex. (Brownwood).
Trichacis texana Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 94. 9.
virginiensis Ashmead. Va. (Arlington).
Trichasis (!) rirginiensis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 295, 297. 9.
Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 327-330. -Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 63 (15): 10-12.
Epin/cccs (uticricaiiHK Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 129. 9, (c? misdet.).
Poltignotns asijiiaptae Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 302, 315. 9,6.
atrae Fouts. Ariz. (Fort Grand). Host: Procecidocliares atra (Loew).
Platygaster atrae Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 28, 87. 9, 6.
(Ashmead). Calif., Idaho. Host: Cecidomyiid gall-maker on Atriplex cauesce)is.
atriplicis
PolggnotHs atriplicis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 304, 308. 9,6.
1 178 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
baccharicola (Ashmead). Fla., Miss., La. Host: Originally cited as Cecido7}njia baccliaricola
Ashm. MS.
PohjgHotux baccharicola Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 132. 9,6.
burkei (Rohwer). Calif. (Placerville). Host: Cecidomyiid on Pi)ius ponderosa.
Polygnotus burkei Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 170. 9,6.
californica (Ashmead). Calif., Idaho. Host: Rliopalomijia californica Felt.
Polygnotus califoniicus Ashmead, 1893. U..S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 302, 321. 9, 6.
k
Superfamily PROCTOTRUPOIDEA 1179
Taxonomy: Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 47-48. — Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S.
Biology: Hill and Emery, 1937. Jour. Agr. Res. 55: 199-213. —Hill, Pinckney and Udine, 1939.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 1-15. -Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 715: 4, 11. -Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Circ. 923: 3.
hiemalis Forbes. Occurs throughout the wheat-growing areas of the United States from N. Y.
and Pa. to Oreg. and in southern Canada; also Europe and No. Africa. Host: Mayetiola
(le.stnictor (Say).
Platygaster herrickii Fitch, 1866. Cultiv. and Country Gent. 28: 354. Noni. niid.
Platygaster })ii>ntfii.s Lindeman, 1887. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Bui. (2) 1: 188. Preocc. by
Zetterstedt, 1838.
Platygaster hienialix Forbes, 1888. Psyche 5: 39. 9, cJ.
Platygaster )iii)iutula Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 474. N. name for P. minutus
Lindeman.
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 4-10. (See this paper for
detailed references to the early literature on P. hioiialis).
Biology: Leiby and Hill, 1923. Jour. Agr. Res. 25: 337-349. —Hill, 1926. Jour. Agr. Res. 32:
261-275. -Hill, Pinckney and Udine, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 1-15. —Hill and
Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 3-4, 11.
—
Johannsen and Butt, 1941.
Embryology of insects and myriapods pp. 311-316. —Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Circ.
,
923: 3.
pallipes Say. U. S.
Plati/goster pallipes Say, 1828. Contrib. Maclur. Lye Phila. 1: 80.
Isocj/bns pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 470. Emend.
pentatoma (Ashmead). Va. (Arlington).
Anopedias pentatoinus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 292. 9.
perplexa Fouts. Colo. (Grant).
Platt/gaster perplexa Fouts, 1925. Ent, Soc Wash., Proc. 27: 96. 6.
picipes (Ashmead). D. C.
Poh/niecns picipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 278, 282. 9.
pini Fouts. Wis., Mo., Colo. Host: Cecidomyiid on Pifuis edulis, Lestodiplosis JHniperi)ia (Felt).
Plafi/gaster pini Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 63 (15): 30, 99. 9, d.'
Biology: Haseman and McLane, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 614.
Polygnotm proxinnis Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 301, 312. 9, S.
Biology: Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 111-113. -Hill, 1923. Jour. Agr. Res. 25: 31-42.
Hill, 1922.
-Leiby and Hill, 1924. Jour. Agr. Res. 28: 829-839. —Hill, Pinckney and Udine, 1939. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 8-9. -Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715:
3-4, 11. -Hill, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Circ. 923: 1-15.
Taxonomy: Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 98-100 (Key to No. Amer. species).
-Ghesquiere, 1948. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 84: 42-43.
—
Masner, 1964. Acta Soc.
Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 151-152.
brevicornis Fouts. Md., Ohio. Host: Cecidomyiid on phlox.
Euxestonotiis brevicornis Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 99. 9.
error (Fitch). Conn., N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Ind. and possibly throughout the range of its
Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 18-22.
Biology: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 21-22.
flavipes Fouts. Md. (Glen Echo).
EnxestoHotusflavipes Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 99. 9.
rufidens Fouts. Pa. (Carlisle).
Euxestonotus rufidens Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 99. 6.
Catillus Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. Ill, 144. Preocc. by Brongniart, 1822.
Type-species: Platygaster catillus Walker. Monotypic.
PieHtopleum Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 144. N. name.
Taxonomy: Debauche, 1947. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 83: 272.
platygaster (Fouts). D. C.
Leptacis plattjgasfer Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 100. 9.
Ta.\onomy: Masner and Muesebeck, 1968. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 270: 83.
Si/Hopeas Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 108, 114. No species. —Thomson,
1859.
Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk-Akad., Forh. 16: 71. Thirteen species.
Type-species: Si/Hopms ineniiis Thomson. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951.
Edadiits Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 108, 113, 114, 144.
Type-species: Platfigastcr cratents Walker. Monotypic.
Polipiiecns Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 144. N. name, unnecessarily proposed for
Ectadiiis Foerster, which Foerster thought to be preocc. by Ecfadiinn E. Meyer in
Botany.
Sadoyastcr Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 108, 113.
Type-species: Epiii/eccs centralis Westwood. Desig. by Ashmead, 1893.
Sijnopias Ashmead, 1896. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. for 1895, p. 802. Error.
Dol idiot rapes Crawford and Bradley, 1911. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 13: 124.
Type-species: Dot idiot rij pes hopkinsi Crawford and Bradley. Orig. desig.
de
Ta.xonomy: Ghesquiere, 1948. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 84: 44. —Masner, 1960. Rev.
Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 62: 3-5. —Masner, 1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 149-150.
— Muesebeck and Masner, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monogr. 2, Sup. 2, pp. 302-304.
abdominator (Fouts). Tex. (Brownwood).
Proc. 27: 101. 9.
Leptacis abdominator Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
aciculatum (Fouts). Md. (Glen Echo).
aciculata Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 115, 134. 9,6.
Leptacis
angustulum (Fouts). Md. (Glen Echo).
Proc. 27: 100. 9.
Leptacis angnstitla Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
anomaliventre (Ashmead). N. H., Pa., Md., Fla., La.
aiioiiialirentris Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 130. 9.
Sactogaster
ashmeadii Dalla Torre. Colo. (Westcliffe).
Bui. 1: 10. 9. Preocc. by Thomson,
Si/nopeas iiienins Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc,
'
1859.
v. 5, p. 483. N. name.
Sijnopeas ash mead ii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym.,
auripes (Ashmead). Va.
283. 9.
Polgmecns anripes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 278,
bradleyi (Fouts). N. Y. (Ithaca).
Proc. 63 (15): 118, 132. 9.
Leptacis hradlegi Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
breviventre (Ashmead). D. C.
S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 271, 273. 9,(6 misdet).
Leptacis hrericeiitris Ashmead, 1893. U.
carinator (Fouts). Tex. (Brownwood).
Proc. 27: 101. 9.
Leptacis carinator Fouts, 1925. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
cynipsiphilum (Ashmead). Fla. (Jacksonville). Ecology: Reared from an oak gall.
Ent. 19: 129. 9, (6 misdet).
Leptacis ciiiiipsiphila Ashmead, 1887. Canad.
dubiosum (Fouts). Tex. (Brownwood).
1925. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 27: 101. 6.
Leptacis diibiosa Fouts,
flavicorne (Ashmead). D. C.
S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 271, 275. 9, (c^ misdet.).
Leptacis fla ciconi is Ashmead, 1893. U.
1184 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Gastrotrgpes Brues, 1922. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 57: 270.
Type-species: Gastrotrgpes spatulafus Brues. Orig. desig.
caudatus Brues. Mass. (Boston).
Gastrotrgpes caudatus Brues, 1922. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., Proc. 57: 272. 9.
XestonotuH Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 107, 112. No species. — Ashmead, 1887.
Canad. Ent. 19: 128. One species. Preocc. by Leconte, 1853.
Type-species: Xestonofim andriciphilns Ashmead. First included species.
Cemtacis Thomson, 1859. Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk-Ai<ad., Forh. 16: 69, 78.
Type-species: CerataciH fhwipes Thomson. Monotypic.
Tricholeptacis Kieffer, 1914. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 11, p. 357.
Type-species: A)iihlyaspi.s rerticillatus Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Xestonotidea Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 524. N. name for Xe.stonotits
Foerster.
ProKa))ibl!i(inpi>i Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 561, 610.
Type-species: Aiiiblija.spis flarosigiiatiis Kieffer. Monotypic.
Axesto)ioti(y Kieffer, 1926.'Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 561, 625. N. name for Xestonotus
Foerster.
Proleptdcis Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 562, 632.
Type-species: Leptacis focrsteri Kieffer. Orig. desig.
Amicoriiplw Debauche, 1947. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 83: 247.
Type-species: Anacoriiplw orclnj)iioiiti Debauche. Orig. desig.
Maudmka Risbec, 1953. Inst. Sci. de Madagascar, Mem. 3: 343.
Type-species: Mandraka paiilicnii Risbec. Monotypic.
Revision: Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 115-126 (No. Amer. species). —Kieffer,
1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 635-651 (World fauna). —
Masner, 1960. Rev. de Zool. et
de Hot. Africaines 62: 1-34 (African species).
aliena Fouts. Md. (Glen Echo).
Leptacis aliena Fouts, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 176. 9,6.
americana (Ashmead). Que. to Fla.
Ainblj/aspis Ainericana Ashmead, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 129. 9.
pallipes Fouts. D. C.
Leptacis pallipes Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 117, 121. 9.
puncticeps Ashmead. Pa., N. C, Fla.
275. 6.
Leptacis puncticeps Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 271,
rugiceps (Ashmead). D. C.
Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 267, 269. 9, 6.
Aniblyaspis rngiceps
Ta.xonomy: Fouts, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63 (15): 122. —Masner and Muesebeck, 1968.
U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 270: 82.
112.
Aniblyaspis Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 107,
1926.
Type-species: Platygaster triiici Curtis. Desig. by Kieffer,
Revision: Kieffer, 1926. Das Tierreich, Lief. 48, pp. 610-625.
californica Ashmead. Oreg., Calif.
268. 9, 6.
Aniblyaspis californicus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 267,
1186 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Superfamily CERAPHRONOIDEA
By Carl F. W. Muesebeck
Superfamily rank for this group was first proposed by Masner in 1956 (Acta Faun. Ent. Mus.
Nat. Pragae 1: 101), although without indication of basic differences from the
Proctotrupoidea.
In 1967, however, Masner and Dessart (Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. de Belg., Bui. 43: 1-33) defined the
superfamily in detail and recognized it as comprising two families, Ceraphronidae and
Megaspilidae, the latter being divided into the subfamilies Megaspilinae and Lagynodinae. This
appears to be sound. The members of this superfamily are remarkable for the pos-
classification
session oftwo apical spurs on the anterior tibiae.
In his 1914 revision of this group Kieffer used the name Calliceratidae, based on Calliceras
Nees, 1834, since Ceraplivon Jurine, 1807, which had been considered the type-genus of the fami-
ly, was a junior homonym of Cemphrou Panzer, 1805. Kieffer was generally followed in the
literature of the succeeding thirty years. However, in its Opinion 174, issued in 1946, the Inter-
national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature suppressed Ceraphron Panzer, under suspen-
sion of the Rules, and validated Ceraphron Jurine with C. sulcatus Jurine, 1807, as
type-species;
since then the names Ceraphron and Ceraphronidae have again come into general use.
Apparently species of this superfamily are largely hyperparasites, developing especially on
larvae of Aphidiidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Bethylidae, Dryinidae and Tachinidae. Some,
however, are evidently primary parasites of Aleyrodidae, various small Diptera (i. e., Cecido-
myiidae, Phoridae), certain neuropteroids and some cynipoid gall-makers; others occur in ant
nests where they presumably develop as parasites of certain myrmecophilous Diptera.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 102-136 (North American species).
-Kieffer, 1907. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 10, pp. 5-261, 10 pis. (Old World
species). —Kieffer, 1909. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 94, 24 pp., 2 pis. (generic key and
assignment of species). —Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. 63-238 (World fauna).
-Dodd, 1914. Roy. Soc. So. Austral., Trans. 38: 85-118 (Australian fauna). Hellen, 1966. —
Fauna Fennica 20: 3-45 (Finnish forms).
Morphology: Reid, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 91: 429-430. —Masner and Dessart,
1967. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. de Belg., Bui. 43: 6-25.
Family CERAPHRONIDAE
This family is treated here as restricted by Masner and Dessart in 1967.
1188 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
Taxonomy: Masner and Dessart, 1967. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. de Belg., Bui. 43: 25-29.
Ceraphron Jurine, 1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt., p. 303. Preoccupied by Ceraphron
Panzer, 1805, but validated by the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature in its Opinion 174, published in 1946, and placed on the Official List of
generic names in zoology as name no. 615.
Type-species: Ceraphron .sh/co^ms Jurine. Desig. by Internatl. Comn. Zool.
Nomencl., Op. 174, 1946.
Calliceras Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 278.
Type-species: Calliceras fuacicomis Nees. Desig. by Blanchard, 1843.
HadroceruH Foerster, 1840. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. xliv. Unnecessarily proposed as
a new name for Calliceras Nees.
Megaspilidea Ashmead, 1888. Canad. Ent. 20: 48, 49.
Type-species: Megaspilidea ))n)iuta Ashmead. Monotypic.
Pristo)nicrops Kieffer, 1906. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 30: 146.
Type-species: Pristoiiiicrops claratus Kieffer. Monotypic.
Cerataphron Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 152. Emend.
Allomicrops Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. xv, 69, 138.
Type-species: Ceraphron abnoniiis Perkins. Monotypic.
Eulagynodes Girault, 1917. New Javanese Hymenoptera, p. 9 (private pub.).
Type-species: Eulagynodes bicolor Girault. Orig. desig.
Ceranognais Risbec, 1953. Inst. Francais d'Afrique Noire, Bui. 15: 560.
Revision: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 123-132. —Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich,
Lief. 42, pp. 70-114.
Taxonomy: Dessart, 1965. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 101: 110-158 (micropterous
and brachypterous forms).
Taxonomy: Szelenyi, 1940. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. (Zool.) 33: 122-136. —Dessart, 1962.
Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 98: 294-300. —Dessart, 1963. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de
Belg., Bui. et Ann. 99: 387-416. -Dessart, 1964. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 100:
259-278. -Dessart, 1965. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 101: 158-178.
bicolor Ashmead. Ont. (Ottawa).
Aphanogwun bicolor Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 133, 134. 9.
canadensis Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Apha)togniuN canadeuNis Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 131. 6.
dorsalis Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Aphanogwus dor^ialis Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 132. 9.
floridanus Ashmead. S. C, Fla., Ohio. Host: Arthrocnodax Carolina Felt; Mycodiplonifi
acarivora (Felt).
Aphanogw us floridanus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 133, 134. 9,6.
harringtoni Muesebeck, n. name. Ont. (Ottawa). Host: Cecidomyiid gall-maker.
Aphanognius .salicicola Harrington, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 78. 9, 6. Preocc. by Ashmead,
1893.
niger Ashmead. D. C.
Apha)iogmus niger Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 133. 6.
obsoletus Whittaker. B. C. (Hollyburn).
Aphanogmus obsoletus Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 131. 9.
pallidipes Ashmead. Va. (Arlington).
Aphanogmus pallidipes Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 133, 135. 9.
salicicola (Ashmead). Calif. (Los Angeles).
Ceraphron salicicola Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 124, 128. 9.
subapterus Whittaker. B. C. (ChilHwack).
Aphanoghius subapterus Whittaker, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 30: 130. 9.
Taxonomy: Szelenyi, 1936. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. (Zool.) 30: 50-57.
Honialoceiaplnoii niacroplitlialiiiit.s Dessart and Masner, 1969. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 66:
222. 9.
Family MEGASPILIDAE
The treatment of this group is in line with that proposed by Masner and Dessart in 1967.
Ta.xonomy: Masner and Dessart, 1967. Inst. Roy. Soc. Nat. de Belg., Bui. 43: 25-29.
Subfamily MEGASPILINAE
Genus TRICHOSTERESIS Foerster
Trichosteresis Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 97, 99.
Type-species: Ceraphrou glaber Boheman. Desig. by Ashmead, 1893.
Thliboneura Thomson, 1858. Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad., Forh. 15: 287, 288.
Type-species: Ceraphrou glaber Boheman. Desig. by Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951.
Neither of the two known North American species has been reared, but exotic forms have
been recorded as parasitic in the puparia of Syrphidae.
floridana Ashmead. Fla. (Jacksonville).
Trichosteresis floridanns Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 98. 9.
Taxonomy: Masner, 1964. Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 61: 124-125. — Hellen, 1966. Fauna
Fennica 20: 15-23.
ambiguus (Ashmead). D. C, Va.
Megaspilus ambiguus Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 113, 115. 9, S.
arietinus (Provancher). Que. (Cap Rouge).
I.so.siasis (!) arietiiuta Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 183. 9.
Biology: Kamal, [1939]. Egypt. Min. Agr. Tech. and Sci. Serv.,
Ent. Sect., Bui. 207: 42-44.
Species of this genus are most commonly associated with sternorrhynchous Homoptera, espe-
cially aphids and mealybugs, and to a lesser extent chermids and psyllids. They usually develop
either as hyperparasites through other Hymenoptera that are primary parasites, or as parasites
of predatory larvae such as those of Syrphidae (various genera) and Chamaemyiidae (especially
Leiicopis and Cre))iaHifa)ii(i). Other recorded hosts include species of Coniopterygidae,
Hemerobiidae and the phytophagous dipterous genera Mayetiola and Meroinyza.
Taxonomy: Brues, 1910 (1909). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 7: 120-121. — Jansson, 1944. Ent.
Tidskr. 65: 190-194. -Ghesquiere, 1960. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 96: 208-215.
-Dessart, 1965. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 101: 178-185. — Dessart, 1965.
Redia 49: 157-163. -Dessart, 1966. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. de Belg., Bui. 42(32): 1-16. -Hellen,
1966. Fauna Fennica 20: 4, 9-15.
Biology: Haviland, 1920. Quart. Jour. Micros. Sci. 65: 101-127. —Clausen, 1940.
Entomophagous Insects, pp. 257-261. —
Muesebeck, 1959. Ent. News 70: 91. —Ghesquiere,
1960. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 96: 205-208.
alaskensis (Ashmead). Alaska (St. Paul Isl.).
Ecnomothorax Dessart and Masner, 1965. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 101: 276.
Type-species: Ecnomothorax muesebecki Dessart and Masner. Orig. desig.
muesebecki Dessart and Masner. Mo., Ark.
Ecnomothorax muesebecki Dessart and Masner, 1965. Soc. Roy. d'Ent. de Belg., Bui. et
Ann. 101:277. 9, cJ.
Subfamily LAGYNODINAE
Taxonomy: Masner and Dessart, 1967. Inst. Roy. ScL Nat. de Belg., Bui. 43 (22): 1-33.
Microps Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 272. Preocc by Dahl, 1823; Wagler, 1830.
Type-species: Microps rubi Haliday. Monotypic.
LcLgynodes Foerster, 1840. Beitr. Monog. Pteromalinen, p. xliv.
Type-sj)ecies: Lagynodes rufus Foerster. Monotypic.
Triogmv^ Marshall, 1874. Ent. Annual, 1874, p. 134.
Type-species: Triogmus furcifer Marshall Monotypic
Plastamicrops Kieffer, 1906. Soc. Sci. de Bruxelles, Ann. 30: 145.
Type-species: Plastomicrops acuticomis Kieffer. Desig. by Muesebeck and
Walkley,1956.
Lagnyodes Sharp, 1908. In Zool. Rec, 1906, p. 308. Error.
Laginodes Risbec, 1953. Inst. Francais d'Afrique Noire, BuL 15: 560. Error.
There seem to be no reliable records of host association for species of Lagynodes. However,
specimens of some species have been taken in ant nests.
Revision: Kieffer, 1914. Das Tierreich, Lief. 42, pp. 130-138. —Dessart, 1966. Inst Roy. ScL
Nat. de Belg., BuL 42 (18): 1-85.
Taxonomy: Szelenyi, 1936. Mus. NatL Hungarid, Ann. (Zool.) 30: 56-64. ^Jansson, 1945.
Opusc. Ent 10: 141-142.
Superfamily TRIGONALOIDEA
By Robert W. Carlson
Family TRIGONALIDAE
According to Malyshev (1968) this small family includes about 70 species which are scattered
throughout the world. The species are all parasitic. The hymenopterous or dipterous primary
hosts are usually parasites or predators of larval Lepidoptera. It is thought that at least some
that sawflies
species can be primary larval parasites of sawflies, and Cooper (1954) hypothesized
were the hosts of ancestral Trigonalidae. That seems quite possible in view of the isolated and
undeterminable phyletic position of the family, but I know of no rearings of Nearctic trigonalids
as primary or secondary parasites of sawflies.
Trigonalid eggs are deposited singly on the leaves of angiosperms, apparently always
near the
edges of leaves. They are tiny and tough-shelled, enabling them to be ingested without destruc-
tion by leaf feeding caterpillars. It appears that if the tough shell is not cracked when an egg is
ingested hatching does not occur. Eclosion from the egg occurs in the intestine of the caterpillar,
and the first instar trigonalid bores through the intestinal wall and apparently remains in the
body cavity of the caterpillar without developing further pending parasitization of the caterpil-
larby an ichneumonid or tachinid or predation upon it by a social or solitary vespid. When the
primary host is a social vespid, a first instar trigonalid would apparently be fed to a larval
Ta.xonomy: Schulz, 1907. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 61, 24 p. (Genera of world). — Bischoff,
1938. //( Hedicke, Hym. Cat., pt. 5, 18 p. (world catalog).
Biology: Cooper, 1954. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 56: 280-288. -Townes, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 106: 299-300.
Trigonalys (Lycoga.ster) costalis Cresson, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 352. 6.
Trigonalys sulcatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 349. 6.
Biology: Townes, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 106: 301-302 (oviposition behavior).
Taxonomy: Harrington, 1898. In Taylor, Canad. Ent. 30: 15-16 (male described).