NATIONAL UNIVERSITY MANILA

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

SECOND TERM SY. 2023-2024

APLANN01: SITE
PLANNING AND
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2

MALIWAT, KYLA R.
ARC216

Ar. Russel N. Bulao, UAP, MsCM

Professor

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 Table of Contents
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)………………………………………..………… 3

Acacia confuse…………………………………………………………….…...4

Molave (Vitex parviflora)……………………………………………………….5

Almaciga Trees (Agathis philippinensis)……………………………………..7

Ardisia (Ardisia whitfordii)……………………...………………………………8

Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)……………………………….9

Bougainvillea Spectabilis…………………………………….………………10

Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera)……………………………………………..11

Manila Palm (Adonidia merrillii)……………….……………………………..12

Carabao grass (Paspalum conjugatum)…………………………………….13

Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon)………………………..………………14

Pertinent Laws, Codes, And Ordinances Pertinent To Site Location……14

Land Use and Zoning in the Philippines…………………………………….18

Reference……………………………………………………...………………23

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1. Identify types, properties, descriptions, and locations of trees,

shrubs, and turfs that are abundant in the Philippines

◦ Include best allocations when placed on-site development

a.) Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)

Types:

• Pterocarpus indicus - Commonly known

as Narra, this species is native to

Southeast Asia and is the national tree

of the Philippines. It is prized for its

golden-brown hardwood.

• The Narra tree, scientifically known as Pterocarpus indicus,

stands as an iconic and culturally significant species in various

parts of Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines, where it

holds the esteemed title of the national tree. Revered for its

majestic stature and distinctively durable hardwood, the Narra

tree has played a pivotal role in the region’s history and

culture.

• With its vibrant and lustrous golden-brown timber, Narra is

highly sought after for furniture, flooring, and intricate

woodcraft. Beyond its practical uses, the tree carries symbolic

weight, embodying strength, endurance, and resilience.

Additionally, its blossoms, displaying a riot of yellow and

orange hues, add to the tree’s aesthetic appeal.

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b.) Acacia confusa

• A native of the Philippines, this

fast-growing ornamental and

forestry tree is typically 10 to 15

m (30 to 50 ft) tall, with a single or

forked trunk supporting a

moderately dense, rounded

crown. The bark is grey or grey-brown and usually smooth.

• The leaves are long and narrow with a slight curve or sickle-

shape, medium green and remain on the tree in all

seasons. The flowers are small, bright yellow and round, in

the shape of small puff-balls. They bloom in profusion from

spring to summer, in clusters at the ends of the branches,

creating a showy display. Masses of flat, brown seedpods

soon follow and persist on the tree before they eventually

become dry and fall to the ground.

• A resilient forestry tree, it can withstand adverse weather

events because of its far-reaching root system, which also

has nitrogen-fixing abilities, helping enrich the soil as it

grows. This has led to its widespread use in forest

regeneration projects, particularly on degraded soil and

sloping land, to minimise soil erosion and protect watershed

areas.

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 • It produces a medium-weight to heavy wood, averaging at

around 750 kgs per cubic meter (47 lbs per cubic ft), which

puts it in the hardwood class. However, many trees develop

low-branching or forked trunks of a small diameter, making

sawing them into lumber impractical. The trunk and main

branches are often only suitable for use in their roundwood

form, to cut into lengths for firewood and charcoal.

• Grows naturally in humid subtropical and tropical lowland to

mid-elevation climates, generally areas with annual lows of

16 to 24°C, annual highs of 25 to 33°C, annual rainfall of

1200 to 3000 mm and a dry season of 2 to 6 months.

c.) Molave (Vitex parviflora)

• A majestic and ecologically significant

species native to Southeast Asia.

Towering within its lush tropical forest

environment, the tree stands out with

its tall, straight trunk cloaked in greyish,

flaky bark, embodying strength and

resilience. The foliage, characterized by compound leaves

with 3-5 lanceolate to ovate leaflets, forms a verdant

canopy. Adding a splash of color, the tree is adorned with

small, delicate flowers, ranging in hues from blue to violet,

elegantly arranged in terminal panicles. This serene

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 portrayal not only highlights the tree’s botanical features but

also encapsulates the essence of its natural habitat, a

reminder of the rich biodiversity and the delicate balance of

tropical ecosystems.

• The Molave Tree, scientifically known as Vitex parviflora, is

renowned for its remarkable resilience and strength, traits

that have made it a symbol of endurance. This tree’s ability

to thrive and maintain its robust stature is largely due to the

specific growing conditions it requires. These conditions

play a pivotal role in nurturing the tree’s health and ensuring

its longevity, allowing the Molave to withstand various

environmental challenges and remain a steadfast feature of

its natural landscape.

• The Molave tree is ideally suited for tropical climates,

thriving in warm temperatures and high humidity. It prefers

full sunlight but is adaptable enough to tolerate partial

shade, making it versatile in various tropical settings.

• The Molave tree flourishes in well-drained soils and

demonstrates adaptability to a variety of soil types,

including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. This adaptability is

contingent on the presence of good drainage, which is

crucial for its growth. Additionally, the tree is tolerant of a

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 range of soil pH levels, from acidic to slightly alkaline,

showcasing its versatility in different soil conditions.

d.) Almaciga Trees (Agathis philippinensis)

• The almaciga is a huge tree that reaches up to 65 meters

tall and 3 meters in diameter. It is native to the Philippines

and grows in the mountains of Quezon, Zambales,

Palawan, Cagayan, Kalinga Apayao, Nueva Vizcaya,

Samar, Zamboanga and Davao.

• Almaciga trees are found in most parts of

the Philippines. These native trees are large

pine trees that grow up to fifty meters high

with a trunk of up to three meters in

diameter. The native tree’s bark is typically

gray, smooth, and exuding resin. Its

leathery leaves, however, are the opposite.

They are broad, lanceolate to ovate at

seven centimeters long and two centimeters wide.

• While the Almaciga tree is primarily used and sourced for its

resin, it is also used as incense in religious ceremonies. As

Almaciga trees are valued for their high-quality timber, they

are one of the trees illegally cut down by loggers. To this

day, they are classified as a vulnerable species and

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 planting more of them will do much to aid the biodiversity of

an area.

e.) Ardisia (Ardisia whitfordii)

• An erect shrub, slender tree. Leaves are darker

green above and lighter on the underside.

• Ardisia plants are found mainly in Northern

Luzon to Palawan. However, they may also

grow in areas in the Visayas and Mindanao.

This native plant is an erect shrub, slender tree with darker

green leaves above and lighter on its underside. It grows

pale pink to purple flowers and bears fruits that are round

and flesh-colored with specks of red.

• Ardisia shrubs are primarily ornaments and would serve as

beautiful additions to home gardens.

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f.) Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)

• Mussaenda philippica is a large shrub

or small tree that is native to the

Philippines and frequently cultivated as

an ornamental in tropical regions. It can

be found growing in parks, botanical

gardens, private and public gardens and along roadsides

and highways. Although plants in cultivation usually do not

produce fruits, they can spread vegetatively by stem

fragments and cuttings.

• Mussaenda philippica is a species of environmental

concern because it can grow up to 8 m tall and has a wide

spreading crown that may shade out other vegetation

including native plant species.

• Mussaenda philippica can be found growing in semi-shaded

or open areas in secondary and primary forests,

savannahs, forest edges, coastal scrubs and thickets,

disturbed areas, roadsides, ravines and riparian sites at

elevations from sea level to 1400 m

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g.) Bougainvillea spectabilis

• Bougainvillea spectabilis is a popular

garden plant in the Philippines. It is a

shrub which is known for its very

small, white flowers surrounded by

thin, delicate bracts. The bracts may

be red, pink, white, yellow or orange

in color. The bougainvillea blooms

throughout the year, and it is terribly attractive when it is in

full bloom.

• Summer is the season when bougainvilleas bloom the

most. It is one of the most prominent plants in Philippine

horticulture.

• This rapid-growing vine is com- monly seen in

neighborhoods, parks, and sidewalks. Its bracts or clusters,

which many people mis- take as its actual flowers, usually

appear in magenta, but can also come in various shades of

orange, pink, purple, white, red, and yellow. Some

bougainvilleas or bougies also produce bracts with diverse

hues and color combinations in one tree that makes it stand

out.

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h.) Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera)

• Coconut palm, (Cocos nucifera), palm of the family

Arecaceae, cultivated extensively in tropical areas for its

edible fruit, the coconut. Coconut palms are found in

tropical coastal areas nearly worldwide and probably

originated somewhere in Indo-Malaya. They are the most

economically important palm species, coconuts being one

of the predominant crops of the tropics.

• The slender, leaning, ringed trunk of the

coconut palm rises to a height of up to 25

metres (80 feet) from a swollen base and is

surmounted by a graceful crown of giant

featherlike leaves. Mature fruits, ovoid or

ellipsoid in shape, 300–450 mm (12–18

inches) in length and 150–200 mm (6–8 inches) in

diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar

single-seeded nut of commerce. A hard shell encloses the

insignificant embryo with its abundant endosperm,

composed of both meat and liquid. Coconut fruits float

readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents

and by humans throughout the tropics.

• Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh.

The liquid of the green nut, commonly known as coconut

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 water, can be consumed fresh and is used in beverages.

The harvested coconut also yields copra, the dried

extracted kernel, or meat, from which coconut oil, a major

vegetable oil, is expressed. The Philippines, India, and

Indonesia are major copra producers, and throughout the

South Pacific copra is one of the most important export

products.

i.) Manila Palm (Adonidia merrillii)

• Easily grown in most humid, tropical

environments as long as moist, well-

draining soils are provided. Intolerant of

consistently saturated soils. Prefers full

sun, but is adaptable to most light

conditions and can be grown indoors if

given plenty of bright light. Manila palms

are self-prunning, meaning that the

older, brown leaves will fall off on their

own. Can be propagated from seed. Hardy in Zones 10b-

11. Highly sensitive to frost and freezing temperatures.

• The slender, grey trunks support stiff, arching, bright green

leaves (4-5' long). Individuals can reach up to 25' tall and

grow relatively quickly compared to other species of palm.

Although these are solitary palms, they are often planted in

the landscape in groupings of three to give a multi-stemmed

appearance. In summer, large clusters of cream-colored

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 flowers appear at the base of the canopy followed by light

green fruits around 1" in diameter.

j.) Carabao grass (Paspalum conjugatum)

• Perennial grass, stolons present; with

alternating elongated and bunched

internodes. Originally from the American

tropics, P. conjugatum is naturalized

throughout South-East Asia and in many

tropical countries of the world. It is

abundant in Indonesia, the Philippines and

the Pacific Islands. A vigorous, creeping perennial with long

stolons, rooting at nodes, with culms ascending to erect,

branching, solid, slightly compressed. Leaf-blade linear or

lanceolate-acuminate, glabrous (smooth) to sparsely

pubescent (hairy). Inflorescence with two or occasionally

three diverging racemes. Rapidly invades wet habitats from

sea level to 2,000 m. It forms a dense ground cover even

on acidic, low-nutrient soils. Neal (1965) noted that “some

native forests have become extinct due to this pest.”

k.) Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)

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 • Bermuda grass is a turf grass

commonly found growing in warm

weather locations worldwide. While not

native to Bermuda, it grows it can grow

invasively similar to another species

known as crabgrass. The species’

ability to grow readily, combined with

its excellent drought tolerance and ease of care, makes it

well-received as a turf grass in warm locations in the United

States.

• Bermuda grass is favored in locations where you can

expect a good amount of foot traffic, making it a great grass

for yards where there might be children playing or areas

commonly used for gatherings or thoroughfares. Its

selection as a turf for athletic fields and golf courses is a

testament to its durability, leaving little doubt that it can

handle anything a residential user can throw at it.

2.List down all the pertinent laws, codes, and ordinances pertinent to site

location Refer to the National Building Code of the Philippines

◦ Refer to BP 344, and other related codes.

• National Building Code of the Philippines

- Republic Act No. 6541 or the National Building Code of the

Philippines is a law that answers the demand for urbanization.

It aims to ensure the developers will follow the implementation

of the latest technical knowledge on building design,

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 construction, occupancy, maintenance, and use.

- The National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), or

Presidential Decree No. 1096, was signed into law in 1977.

The code aims to establish a uniform building code that

incorporates modern technical knowledge about building

design, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance. The

code also aims to safeguard life, health, property, and public

welfare.

- The NBCP includes the Philippine Green Building Code (P.D.

1096), which seeks to improve the efficiency of building

performance by adopting measures that promote resource

management efficiency and site sustainability while minimizing

the negative impact of buildings on human health and the

environment.

• Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 (BP 344)

- is a law that was passed in 1982 to improve the mobility of

people with disabilities. The law requires certain buildings,

institutions, establishments, and public utilities to install

facilities and other devices to improve accessibility for people

with disabilities.

- The rules and regulations of BP 344 provide minimum

requirements and standards to make buildings, facilities, and

utilities for public use accessible to people with disabilities.

The IRR of BP 344 provides detailed guidelines for ensuring

accessibility for people with disabilities in public facilities in the

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 Philippines.

• Zoning Ordinance

- Classifies areas as residential, commercial, industrial zones.

Specifies permitted and prohibited land uses in each zone.

Regulates location of buildings.

• Easement Requirements

- Mandates setbacks from property lines to allow access to

public utilities and emergency vehicles. Regulates coverage

ratio, floor area ratio.

• Floodplain Management Ordinance

- Restricts development in flood-prone areas. Requires

minimum elevation of structures.

• Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)

- Certifies proposed projects are environment-friendly and

sustainable. Mandates environmental impact assessments.

• Sanitary Code Of The Philippines

- Specifies sanitation requirements like sewage/drainage

systems. Protects public health and environment.

• Fire Code Of The Philippines

- Regulates building construction and protection systems to

prevent fire hazards and facilitate firefighting and rescue.

• Subdivision And Condominium Buyers' Protective Decree

(Presidential Decree No. 957)

- Regulates subdivision and condominium development.

Establishes standards for open spaces, utilities provision, and

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 conveyance of titles.

• Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (Republic Act No. 8371)

- Protects rights of indigenous cultural communities over their

ancestral lands. Requires free and prior informed consent for

any development projects.

• Agriculture And Fisheries Modernization Act (Republic Act No.

8435)

- Regulates conversion of agricultural, fishery and forest lands

to non-agricultural uses. Mandates assessment, valuation and

reclassification.

• Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749)

- Maintains ambient air quality standards. Restricts emissions

from construction vehicles, equipment. Regulates quarrying,

mining activities.

• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic Act No. 9003)

- Establishes framework for proper waste management

including site selection for sanitary landfills and waste

recycling facilities.

• Philippine Environment Code (Presidential Decree No. 1152)

- Integrates various environment laws and sets policies on

environmental management. Imposes safeguards and

compliance procedures.

• Philippine Building Officials Association Act (Republic Act No.

10023) - Sets standards for building inspections and code

administration. Certifies professional building officials.

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3. Identify the different land use and zoning in the Philippines.

◦ List down all the color coding for zoning and land use

planning in the Philippines

• Zoning is the division of a city/municipality into zones or sub-

zones (e.g. commercial, residential, industrial, institutional,

agricultural, forest, etc.) according to present and potential uses

of land to maximize, regulate and direct their use and

development in accordance with the Comprehensive Land Use

Plan. It takes the form of a locally enacted ordinance which

provides, among others, regulations affecting uses allowed or

disallowed in each zone or sub-zone, conditions for allowing

them, and procedures on evaluating deviations.

• Zoning is concerned primarily with the use of land and the

regulation of development through imposition of building heights,

bulk, open space, and density provisions in a given area.

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Page | 19
Page | 20
• RESIDENTIAL (YELLOW) By Dwelling Type

• COMMERCIAL (RED) Wholesale, Retail (Gen. Merchandise), Services (Auto

Repair, Hotels, Etc.)

• INDUSTRIAL (VIOLET) Manufacturing, Fabricating, Assembly, Industries,

Etc.

• INSTITUTIONAL (BLUE) Schools, Church, Protective Services, Gov.

Buildings, etc.

• PARKS/ PLAYGROUNDS (GREEN) Golf Courses, Race Tracks, Country

Clubs. • INFRASTRUCTURE/ UTILITIES (GRAY) Railroad, Land Transport,

Water Transport, Air Transport, etc.

• BUILT-UP AREAS (GOLD) Cluster of at least 10 structures or if activity

occupies sizable land

• AGRICULTURE (OLIVE GREEN) Cropland, Riceland, etc.

• AGRO INDUSTRIAL (LIGHT VIOLET) Piggery, Poultry.

• FOREST (DARK GREEN) Production Forest, Wildlife, Watershed, Nat.

Parks.

• MINING/ QUARRY (BROWN)

• SWAMPLAND/ MARSHES (SKY BLUE)

• CEMETERIES/ LANDFILL/ IDLE LOTS, OTHERS (BLACK)

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Page | 22
 References

Number 1

Forestry. (2023, December 5). Narra Tree. Forestry Editorial.

https://forestry.com/trees/narra-tree/

Acacia confusa / IPlantz. (n.d.). https://www.iplantz.com/plant/11/acacia-

confusa/

Forestry. (2024, January 19). Molave tree. Forestry Editorial.

https://forestry.com/trees/molave-tree/

DOST-FPRDI HELPS SAVE ALMACIGA TREES. ( 2017, January 11)

https://fprdi.dost.gov.ph/239-dost-fprdi-helps-save-almaciga-

trees#:~:text=The%20almaciga%20is%20a%20huge,%2C%20Samar%2

C%20Zamboanga%20and%20Davao.

Philippine Plants 101: Ten Different Kinds of Plants in the Philippines and

Their Uses. (2021, November 5). https://onetotree.org/philippine-plants-

101-ten-different-kinds-of-plants-in-the-philippines-and-their-uses/

Ardisia. (2011, December 19). Cainta Plant Nursery.

https://caintaplantnursery.com/our-products/philippine-indigenous-

plants/ardisia/#:~:text=Description%3A%20An%20erect%20shrub%2C%

20slender,to%20Palawan%2C%20Visayas%2C%20Mindanao.

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Rojas‐Sandoval, J. (2022). Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)

[Dataset]. In CABI Compendium.

https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.35195

Four Philippine Flowers: Bougainvillea spectabilis, Dona Aurora, Dona

Luz and Plumeria. (2021, February 12). Expressions.

https://alexmoi04.jimdofree.com/2021/02/12/four-philippine-flowers-

bougainvillea-spectabilis-dona-aurora-dona-luz-and-

plumeria/#:~:text=Bougainvillea%20spectabilis%20is%20a%20popular,ye

llow%20or%20orange%20in%20color.

PressReader.com - digital newspaper & magazine subscriptions. (n.d.).

PressReader. https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/agriculture-

9ggr/20210501/281998970316746

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024, February 19). Coconut

palm | Tree, Scientific Name, Uses, Cultivation, & Facts. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/coconut-palm

Adonidia merrillii - Plant Finder. (n.d.-b).

https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.

aspx?taxonid=363916&isprofile=0

Matt, H. (2021, June 17). Paspalum conjugatum (POACEAE) Buffalo

Page | 24
Grass, Carabao Grass, Sour Paspalum - Save Our Waterways Now.

Save Our Waterways Now. https://sown.com.au/paspalum-conjugatum-

poaceae-buffalo-grass-carabao-grass-sour-paspalum/

Number 2

Jonathan. (2023, October 25). National Building Code: Everything you

need to know. Luxury Homes for Sale in the Philippines | Brittany

Corporation. https://www.brittany.com.ph/blogs/national-building-code/

An Act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by requiring certain

buildings, institutions, establishments and public utilities to install facilities

and other devices – IRR of BP 344 | National Council on Disability Affairs.

(n.d.). https://ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/implementing-rules-and-

regulations-irr/irr-of-bp-344/

Number 3

CLUP Guide book (2014) A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Preparation

https://lcp.org.ph/UserFiles/League_of_Cities/file/HLURB_CLUP_Guideb

ook_Vol_3_11042015.pdf

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