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    2 views20 pages

    English Guide Pag 241 A 260

    Uploaded by

    Jose Marcano

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Appendix 3 Irregular verbs in groups past simple / past participle are different: =a driven ridden ‘written met dreamt /dremt/* meant /ment/* EE brought /bro:t/* bought /boit/* fought /fo thought /Boit/* caught /Kott/* teach —> taught /toxt/* find —> found pave > had hear —> heard ‘|nold > held read —> read /red/* aid /sed/* ae > stood. > understood ry 4 43 Appendix 4 Short forms (he’s /I’d / don’t etc.) In spoken English we usually pronourice E am’ as one word. The short form (Um) isa way of ‘writing this: Iam > 'm © I'm feeling tired this morning, itis + it’s © ‘Do you like this jacket?” “Yes, it's very nice? they have —> they've © “Where are your friends?” “They've gone home’ te ‘When we write short forms, we use ? (an apostrophe): TfmPm_ — hep—>he’s you ver you've she pill -> she'll ‘We use these forms with I/he/she ete: am 3m | Pm iss he's she’s it’s atc > "ro we're you're they're have 3 *ve | Ive we've you've they've has > *s he’s she’s it’s Iud > d | Td hed shed wed you'd they'd will > | PU he'll she'll we'll you'll they'll would > d | Td hed shed wed you'd they'd © I’ve got some new shoes. © We'll probably go out this evening, @ [e's 10 o'clock. You're late again. s or has: © She’s going out this evening. (she’s going = she is going) © She’s gone out. (she’s gone = she has gone) “d= would orhad © A: What would you like to cat? B: [like a salad, please. (Fd like = I would like) @ old the police that Pd lost my passport. (PA lost = I had lost) Do notuse *m/'s/'d ete, at the end of a sentence (=> Unit 39): ‘© ‘Are youl tired?” "Yes, Lam’ (not “Yes, I'm) : ‘We use short forms with I/you/he/she etc. but you can use short forms (especially ’s) with other words too: © Who’s your favourite singer? (= who is) © What's the time? (= what is) There’s a big tree in the garden. © My sistor’s working in London. (= my sister is working) © Paul's gone out. (= Paul has gone out) © What colour’s your car? (= What colour is your car?) acme oe) i ? 44. Negative short forms (=> Unit 42): ise (= isnot) don’t (= donot) can’t aren't (=arenot) | doesn’t (= doesnoi) | couldn't wasn’t (=wasnot) | didn’t (= did not) ‘won't werent (= were not) wouldn't hasn't (= has not) shouldn't hhaven’t (= have not) ‘mustn't hadn't (= had not) needn't © We went to her house but she wasn’t at home, © ‘Where’ David?” ‘I don’t know. I haven't seen him! @ You work all the time. You shouldn’t work so hard. © [won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not) 45's (apostrophe + 8) *s can mean different things forhas (= section 4.2 of this appendix) let us (= Unit $2) © The weather is nice. Let’s go out. (= Let us go out) (9) Ann's camera (= her eamera) / my brother's car (— his cat) / the manager’s office (= his/her office) ete. (=> Unit 63) ‘Compare: ‘© Ann's camera was very expensive. (Ann’s camera = her camera) © Ann’s a very good photographer. (Ann’s = Ann is) © Ann’s got anew camera. (Ann’s got = Ann has got) 243] Appendix5 — Spelling \ = oS SA Words +-s and es (birds/watches etc) {i room + (plar) (= Unie 5) L bcd birds mistake — mistakes hotel -> hotels - seb + 5 (he/she/it-s) (= Unit 5) _ think thinks live ~>lives remember remembers ut “Fes afters /-sh /~ch J: bbus — buses pass — passes address ~> addresses dish—>dishes wash > washes finish — finishes watch) watches teach —> teaches sandwich —> sandwiches box + boxes ou also rf a uh do ~> does go> goes : i eS Tao Oy shelf shelves ___ knife —> knives ut r00f > roofs ) 5.2 Words ending in -y (baby —> babies / study —» studied ete) "yest c study ~> studies (not ‘tudys) family —>Eamilies (not ‘ary’) L {] Se Qatader city > cies baby “> babies try — tries marry —> marries. fly flies a. -y > -ied (= Unit 11) study — studied (not ‘studyed’) wy > tried macry->married copy > copied n -y ~¥~ies/-iest (<2 Units 86 and 89): Up easy > easier/casiest (not ‘easyer/casyes) J happy —> happier/happiest lucky — luckier/luckiest c heavy ~> hewvier/heaviest funny ~> fannier/funniest ay -ily (© Unit 85) ul easy. easily (not easyly’) A happy happily lucky luckily heavy ~> heavily Lh _—_ U| Y dows not change to 1 ifthe ending is-ay/-ey/-oy/-uy: fr holiday —> holidays (not ‘holidaies’ \ enjoy > enjoys/enjoyed stay —stays/stayed buy —> buys key -> keys but a say—>said pay —> paid ireguiar vers) 7] sing ‘Verbs that end in. make > making lie > lying ‘Vowels and consonants: Vowel letter: ae Consonant leters: be Sometimes a word ends in a vo Before -ing/-ed/-er/-est, (make/write/drive eta) > write —> writing Verbs that end in “ie ~ -ying: is die > dying stop > stopped, big > bigger ere dfgki ging: fie tying come —> coming mapr dance + dancing stwy el + a consonant, For example: stop, big, get. the consonant at the end (-p/-/-t eto) is ‘doubled? (pp-/-gg-/-te- ete), Forexampl VtC Vs vowel sep STOP p> pp topping stopped C= consonant fo RUN igen finae et GET tot gettin svim SWI M mmm — Svimbing bie BL Gg ge Miggee”biggex he HOT TSH home ee ee ee ee This does not happen VEVEC ned NEED needing needed wait WAT T waiting ‘waited cheap CHE AP cheaper cheapest cre help HEL P helping helped work WOR K working worked fst FAS T faster fastest (1) ifthe word ends in two consonant letters (C+ C): (2) ifthe word ends in two vowel letters + a consonant letter (VEV +0) Q) im longer words (two syllables or more) ifthe lst part of the word is not stressed: siess happen HAP-pen —> happening/happened (ot happenned’) visit VES“ visiting/wsited remember re-MEM-ber -> remembering/remembered fut prefer pre-FER (atest. at theend) > preferving/preferred bei IN fess at the end) > beginning (8) ifthe word ends in-y or -w. (At the end of words, y and w ate not consonants) enjoy enjoying/enjoyed — snow/snowing/snowed —_ few/fewer/ fewest [245] Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (look out / take off etc.) ‘This isa list of some important phrasal verbs (=> Unit 107). (HEB took out / watch out = be careful! | sx ‘© Look out! There's a car coming! $Y come on =be quick / huny: ‘2 Come on! Everybody is waiting for you hold on = wait: fo Can you hold on a minute? (= can you wait?) canty on = contin: $ Be velop working. Carry on, (= continue working) tad) oh cule me, where estan, peste? ee ep frd and turn right at the lights. (= Continue along) ao ge on walk on / dive on ee-~ continue going ee: “Sport sop hove Drive on got on = manage (inajob, at school i an exam ete): AY ei oe ane vou getting on in your ew job? (= are you doing OK?) i \ [BEE] eake off = leave the ground (fr plats): LS ea S The plane took off 20minuteslate Fann OFF : but landed on tim. “iS [ a= U ‘wake ap = stop sleeping: GERD S Sen wake up inthe midae ofthe night, speak up = speak more loudly: ‘@ [can't hear you, Can you speak up a bit? hurry up = do something more quickly (O Harry up! We haven't got much time, ‘wash up = wash the plates etc after a meal: ’e. Do you want me to wash up? (or. to do the washing-up?) grow up = become an adult: 2. What does your son want to do when he grows 4p? up = sop tying: Henow it’s diffcule but don’ give {slow down = go more slowly: You'te deving too fist Stow down. break down = stop working (jr cars/machines ef: 'O Sue was very late because her car broke down. Tall over = lose your balance: Vip FALL OVER 10 1 fall over because my shoes were too big for me. i a, —_—_—— 46] o Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs +. object (fill in a form / put out a fire etc.) This is alist of some important phtasal verbs + object (=> Unit 108). (BBY in ( orm) = Goniplte @ form: © Can you fil in this form, please? rurw em HR] pec one (Gre /acqpienos e | © The fire biigide arrived and put the fire out, es vo cross out (a mistake /4 word etc): FE oe age =. cross our §8BH try on (clothes) = puto clothes to see they fe you © Ges shop) This ig nie jacket, Shall ery it On? ive up = op withing dat you do : © ‘Tom gave up anoking five yeae ago. (© he stopped smoking) © “are you sillating Ian?” No'T gave wee ing up = (le}phone © She rang me up lst nigh. alo ‘Sue rang me night witout ‘up look up (a word in a dictionary etc): © T didn't know the meaning of the word, so Hooked it up ina dictionary, ‘turn up = make louder (TV, radio, music ete) © Can you turw the radio up? I can’t hear it PABHAEY Knock down (a building) = demolish: © They ategoing to knock down the school and build new one. turn dawn = make more quiet (TV, radio, niusic ete): © The, music is too loud. Can you tuén it down? BH]. eheow away (rubbish, things you doit wane) © These apples are bad. Shall | throw them away? © Don't throw away dhat picture, I want ie ut something inthe place where you usually keep it: hey finished playing, the children put their loys ava BEE} "pay ‘omebiody back (noney that you borowed © "Thank you for lending me the money. Tl pay you back next week Kenock over (a cup /a glass / a person ete} ® Be careful. Don't knock your cup over. ® There was an accident atthe end of the road. A man was knocked over by a car.» (or A man was knocked down by 2 car)” _8ubi/| show (somebody) round/around = take somebody on a our of a place Fanti! © We vitveda factory lat week. The manager showed us rowed [247] Additional exercises J List of exercises } 12 am@/is/are . 3 present continuous nme 4 4 present simple uly 5-7 present simple, am/is/are and have (got) at $9 present continuous and present simple EUEREEN (y 10-13 was/were and past simple tin J 14 post simple and past continuous 15 present and past Tsao 16-18 present perfect fo22 present perfect and pat simple ma 23 present, past and present perfect Da 24-27 passive na 28, future eae) 29 past, present and future EE a 30 ing and infinitive Ta \ 31-32 andthe U 33 prepositions - TE U amvis/are pe 41 Write sentences for the pitures. Use the words in the boxes +Is/sn’Vare/arent Qj 5 1 The windows. are. open. | 2 Amiens hopes. j Kate asleep 3 Kate ‘The children open 4 vr Bill fall 5 The books near the station | 6 . ‘The hotel adoctor 7 - [trcbus | [herr sd ® Ul 2 Complete the sentences. 1 ‘Are youhungry?’ ‘No, but lm... thirsty” 2 ‘How ere... yout parents?” ‘They've very well! 3 ‘IsLindaat home?” ‘No... sow at work? eae vvonn MY Keys?” “In the kitchen? 5 Where is Bete from? : von Atnerican or British? 6 . hot today. The temperature is 35 degrees. 7 “Are youa teacher?” “No, = ns a student? BS vnennnemnnnenenmnn YOUE umn Fella?” “Groen? 9 Wheres your car? eserves in the Cat park? ee wows tired?” "No, Pm fine? 1 these oranges?” “Thirty pence each? present continuous (I’m working / are you working? etc.) 3 Use the words in brackets to writ sentences, 1 A: Where are your parents? B: Theyre. hing 1 (they/watch/TV) 2. A: Paulais going out. B: Where's she going? (where/she/go?) 3 A: Where's David? B: e ne —_— (he/have/a bath) 4A =n - ? (the children/play?) B: No, they'e asleep. SA a 2 (v/rain’?) B: No, not at the moment. 6 A: Where are Sue and Steve? B (¢hey/come/now) TA: : - ? (why/you/stand/here?) Bo : (Wnit/for somebody) present simple (I work / she doesn’t work / do you work? etc.) 4 Compete thesentences. Use the present simple 1..Sue, alasus. arrives... at work early. (Sue/always/artive) 2 Wedorl watch _"TV very often. (we/not/watch) 3 How offen .42,yo wash." yourhait? (you/wash) 4 Twant to go to the cinema but to go. (Chris/not/want) 5 to go out this evening? (you/want) 6 near here? (Ann/live) 7 alot of people. (Sarah/know) 8 enjoy tavelling but very much, (I/not/travel) 9 What time in the morning? (you/usually/get up) 10 My parents are usually at home in the evening. very offen. (they/not/go out) 1 ‘work at five o'clock. (Tim/always/Finish) 12 A: What 2 Gill/do) B in ahotel. (he/work) = — (e49) 50) present simple, anvis/are and have (got) Read the questions and Claire's answers, Then write sentences about Clare. ‘Are you married? Do you live in London? ‘Are you a student? Have you gota car? Do you go out alot? Have you gota lot of friends? Do you like London? Do you like dancing? ‘Are you interested in sport? wowansenn Complete the questions. 1 What's, your name, 2 = married? Where =) any children? Brian. ‘Yes, Tam, In Barton Road. ‘Yes, a daughter. She's three. z 2 Ym 29. No, I hate it. “Yes, [have. your job? ‘work by car? Make sentences from thase words. 1 Sarah offen / tennis Sarah often plays. tenn. 2 T/anew car ve got a, nen car. 3 my shoes / dirty Ny shoes are. dirty 44 Sonia / 32 years old Sonia co 5 I/ two sisters 6 we often / TV in the evening 7 Ann never / a hat 8 abicycle / ovo wheels = 9 these flowers / beautiful 10 Mary / German very well 1 Shelon't married. Twork ina supermarket. No, I usually go by bus. ord te “Thats my brother Michael. He a tavel agent. No, in Manchester. present continuous (I'm working) and present simple (I work) 3 Complete the sentences, Please be quiet Lon working. L/work) ss (-Pe.wew often. 90>) Z| (ou/oen/en) 0} 5 Jacke (hy) (ir See a fs e Piifracts Ae 7 aetna 8 ‘Excuse me, 7issife ¢ hcimlenme ® Satis VAthats this word? How A. “Gyoulpronounce) i 9 Which is right? 1 Arevouspesking/ Do youspeak English?” “Yes, alte? Do you speak sright Sometimes we're going / we go away at weekends Isa nice day today. The sun is shining / shines, (You meet Ann in the street.) Hello, Ann. Where are you going / do you go? How offen are you going / do you go on holiday? nly isa writer. She's writing / She writes books for children, I'm never reading / Inever read newspapers Vieteare Michael and Jane?” “They're watching / They watch TV in the living room! ‘Helen isin her office, She’ talking / She talks to somebody. 10 What time are you usually having / do you usually have dinner? 11 John isnt at home at the moment. He's visiting / He visits some friends 12 “Would you like some tea?” ‘No, thank you. 'm not drinking / I don’t drink tea? [251] 10 "1 12 13 52 was/were and past simple (I worked /-did you work? etc.) Ra Complete the sentences. Use one word only. 1 Tgotup early and had... a shower, 2, Tom was tied last night, so he sinenewen to Bed eatly 2 wun this pen on the floor, sit yours? 4. Kate got married whet he nneerrnrine 2B. 5 Helen is learning to drive. She : her frst lesson yesterday. 6 ‘T've gotanew job! “Yes, I know David eee es § cWyiate did you buy that book?" “Te-was a present. Anh -—ensiennne tt me! 8 We. ven hungry, 30 we had something'to cat. 9 “Did you enjoy the film?” "YES, Taji twas very good? 10 “Did Mary come to your party?” ‘No, we hher, but she didn’t come? Look atthe questions and Kevin's answers. Write sentences about Kevin when he was a child ‘When you were a child ‘Were you tll? Did you like school? ‘Were you good! at sport? Did you ply football? Did you work hard at school? Did you have alot of feiends? Did you have a bicycle? Were you a quiet chill? Compote tho questions, ss eyanEEDne ans 1 Bid. you howe. anice holiday? |’ (Yes, it was great, thanks. 2 Where, did. you.ge,.2 | | ‘To Amsterdam. 3 : there? | | Five days. 4| “Amsterdam? | | Yes, very much. 5 2 | | Lave fiends in Amsterdam, so I stayed with ther. 6 “good? |_| Yes, it was warm and sunny 7 back? | (esterday Put the verb in the right form (positive, negative or question). 4 ewasa good parry Leniaed.it, (enjoy) 2, ‘Pid. you do... the shopping?” (you/do) ‘No, I didn’t. howe... time. (I/have) 3 ‘Did you phone Alan?” ‘No, I'mafraid J (forget) 4 Llike your new watch, Where ie (you/ged) 5. Lsaw Lucy at the party but toher. (I/speak) 6A: . anice weekend? (you/have) Br Yes, I went to stay with some friends of mine. 7 Paul wasn’t well yesterday, so to work. (he/go) 8 ‘Ts Mary here?” “Yes, five minutes ago’ (she/active) 9. Where before he came here? (Robert/live) 410 ‘The restaurane wasn't expensive. ‘very much, (the meal/cost) ie) ca) Cc co ca fo a = ) —- past simple (1 werked) and past continuous (lwas working) ‘Look at th pictures and complete the sentences. Use the past Simple of past continuous, ffce, Jane and Paul (work) at their desks ile Sep (hear) a noise outside; Gook) out ofthe window, [when the accident sol |Tom: (look) out ‘ofthe ‘window | (happen). and but he (not/read) it on ° He (wath) TV. |She didn’t have time. Catherine bought a magazine but she (not/read) it Sal (pay) the bill and (walk) along the street and (eave) the restaurant. [she (wait) for the bus, is morning. L (253) presentand past firs 3-14: 15 Complete the sentences. Use one of those forms: ‘he present simple (I work ec.) the present continuous (1 arm working et.) the past simple (I worked etc.) the past continuous (I was working et) 1. You can turn offtthe television, I'm .ngt, matching... (not/watch) it 2, Last night Jenny fet. (ill) asleep while she pas. teadtna... (read). 3, Listen! Somebody semmerermnnnnnnn (play) the piano. 4, ‘Have you got my key?” ‘No, I ~ (give) it back to you! 5 David is very lazy. He = oT nov/iike) hard work . 6 Where = ‘(your parents/go) for their holidays last year? 7 ee (Gee) Diane yesterday. She . : (drive) her new car. aA a (you/watch) television very often? B: No, [haven't gota television set. 9 A: What = (you/do) at 6 o'clock last Sunday morning? By Iwas in bed asleep. 410 Andy isn’t at home very much. He eens (GO) aay alot. aT aa cee enue. (ty) to find a job at the moment. Its very difficult 12. Tim dred this morning. [ ..-~ (not/sleep) very well last night. present perfect (I have done / she has been etc.) ns 15-19 46 Lookat the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the present perfect. he's ust ‘one cub. IP Bee you Hie Flere they are 1 254] Tim looking for Julia. : _ her? as ee " she was here afew minutes ago, & Paul was asleep in the armehair. He (255] 256) 7 18 19 Complete the sentences (1, 2 or 3 words). 1. Mark and Liz are married, They ex¢.been... married for five years 2 David has been watching TV .2iN2...5 o'clock. 3. Martin is at work. He senses at Work since 8.30. 4 ‘Have you just arrived in London?” “No, I've been here .-— . five days? §. Tve known Ant nnn cious We ete at school together. & ‘My brother live in Los Angeles?’ ‘Bally? How long... a ee 7 George has had the sane job. nonnes 20 years. & Some friends of ours ate saying wich us at the moment. They wm-inwrmnin . here since Monday. Complete the sentences. Write about yourse. ive never ridden 4 horse... dan. many times. suns 4 Tve eae (once / twice /'a few times / many tines) 5 Thaven’t --neemm Se 6 Tyenever : = a a 7 Wwe co = Sa 8 Tye. a = present perfect (I have done etc.) and past simple (I did etc.) Present perfect or past simple? Complete the sentences (positive or negative). 1 A: Do you like London? 5B: Tdon’t knove I Haven't been... thet. 2. A: Have you seen Ann? B: Yes, [ 242. her five minutes ago. 3A; That’ a nice sweater, Isitnew? B: Yes, it ast week 4 A: Are you tired this morning? B: Yes, 1. to bed late last night. 5 A:,Do you want chenewspaper or-can have it2.. on Br You can have it, Toon ae 6 A: Are you enjoying your new job? BI vine Yots My first day is next Monday. 7 A: The weather isnt very nice cody ie B: No, butit "very nice yesterday 8 A Was Linda af the party on Saturday? B: [don’t think s0. 1 vee her there. 9. A; Isyour son till at school? B: No, he __ school two years ago. 10 A: Is Sylvia married? B: Yes, she ‘married for five years 11, A: Have you heard of George Washington? B: Ofcourse. He the fist President of the United States, ' ‘Make sentences from the words in brackets (..) Use the present perfect or past simple. 1 A: Have you been to Scotland? Yes, Lenk Yrere lash year... (L/ go / there / last yeas) : Do you like London? : Tdon't know. .!"ve.never been there... (L/ never / there) What time is Paul going out? 2 s (he / already / go) Has Catherine gone home? Yes, oe he / go / at4 o'clock) : New York is my favourite city. sit? 7 2 (how many times / you / there?) ‘What are you doing this weekend? Tdon’t know. — (L/ not / decide / yet) : L can’t find my address book. Have you seen it? 7 fit / on the table /last night) Are you hungry? Noe . : (£/ just / eat) Paula and Sue ate here. 2 Are they? nn —— 2 (what time / they / arrive?) BPD UP OP D> Ob ob mp Present perfect or past simple? Comiplete the sentences, 1 A: Have. you. been... co France? B: Yes, many times, A: When . ~~» the last time? 1B: Two years ago, 2 Is this your car? ‘Yes, itis. : How long. ie Iesnew, 1 it yesterday. ~ Ppp Where do you live? In Harold Street. : How long . there? Five years. Before that in Mill Road. How long in Mill Road? About three years. Be pop What do you do? Twork in a shop. How long there? Nearly two years What before that? I tad driver Prop o> ps7 22 Write sentences about yourself i: (yesterday morning) 1s late for ork yesterday morring. (hast night) — (yesterday afternoon) a — (days 2g0) = = : _ (aseweek) = = U (ast yeat) Co uae present, past and present perfect Ei 23° Whichis ight? uy t 1 ‘ls Sue working?" “No, she’s on holiday! sesccrSucwork B leworkingSue C IsSue working D Does work Sue | | 2 Wher enn ? ‘Inavillage near London! J A'livesyouruade” B docsyourunclelive your uncle lives D does live your uncle 1 1B Lepeak Walia but

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