RAMP DESIGN AS PER EC-02
Ramp Design
Figure 1 Ramp Drawing
The ramp is to be designed for a residential building in Germany. First, we will make some
assumptions to design the ramp for simplification.
We will treat this ramp as a one-way slab, and design a 1 m strip of the ramp just like we do in a
one-way slab.
We will also assume that our ramp is simply supported resting on RCC walls.
Manual Calculations:
Concrete = C30/37
Exposure class = XD3
Overall depth of Ramp = 180 mm
Minimum Thickness for fire Resistance = 80 mm
180 > 80 mm , therefore OK
Self-weight = 0.18 x 25 = 4.5 KN/m2
As there will be no screed to be poured on the ramp, only concrete so we will take 0 KN/m2
load for screed
Reinforcement characteristics strength = 460 MPA
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RAMP DESIGN AS PER EC-02
Figure 2 Densities of Different Materials
Super dead load / Fixtures & Fittings = 0 KN/m2
gk = 0+4.5 KN/m2 = 4.5 KN/m2
Variable actions = qk = 3.5 KN/m2 for access ramps (Category F4)
The table attached below for reference
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Figure 3 Variable actions for Ramp
RAMP DESIGN AS PER EC-02
n = 1.35 gk + 1.5 qk = (1.35 x 4.5) + (1.5 x 3.5) = 11.325 KN/m2
Now we will calculate the design moment and design shear for our ramp. As we will take 1 m
strip in our ramp, so the shear force and bending moment calculation is as follows;
Ved = wl/2 = 11.325 x 2.775 / 2 = 15.71 KN
Med = wl2 /8 = 11.325 x 2.7752 /8 = 10.9 KN/m2
Design of Flexure Reinforcement: Ref Section 6.1 : ES EN 1992-1-1 : 2015
d = h – Cnom - Dia (main) / 2 = 180 – 25 – 12/2 = 149 mm
Mrd = 0.167 bd2 fck = 0.167 x 1000 x 1492 x 30 = 111.22 KNm
Med = 10.9 KN/m2 < Mrd
z = ( 0.5 + √ 0.25 – 0.882k) d
z = ( 0.5 + √ 0.25 – 0.882 x 0.0612) d = 0.943d z < 0.95d, therefore it is OK
As = Med / 0.87 fykz = 10.9 x 106 / 0.87 x 460 x 0.943 x 149
= 193 mm2 / m
Now we will be checking for minimum reinforcement
As min = 0.13 % bd = 0.13/100 x 1000 x 149 =194 mm2/m
So we will use minimum reinforcement for our ramp.
As req < As min so provide As min
Provide T8 @ 225 B1 (223mm2/m)
Table attached below for reference
Figure 4 Reinforcement Chart
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RAMP DESIGN AS PER EC-02
Calculation in Distribution direction
As min = 0.13 % bd = 0.13/100 x 1000 x 149 =194 mm2/m
So we will use minimum reinforcement for distribution bars
Provide T8 @ 225 B1 (223mm2/m)
Check for shear resistance
Design Shear Force = 15.71 KN
Design Shear Resistance
V R d c = [ 0.12K(100 p1 fck)1/3 ] bd
K = 1 + (200/d)1/2 = 2.15 > 2
P1 = As1 /bd =0.0012 < 0.02
V R d c = [0.12 x 2.15 (100 x 0.0012 x 30)1/3 ] 1000 x 149
= 58.665 KN
Now V min = [ 0.035 K3/2 fck ½ ] bd = 0.035 x 2.153/2 x 301/2 x1000 x 149
= 71.77 KN
Thus V min = 71.71 > Ved = 15.71 KN so Its OK
Slab Design – Serviceability Deflection Check
Ref. Section 7.4 : ES EN 1992 -1-1 : 2015
Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
P =A,.req/bd = 193 /1000 x 149 = 0.0012
Po = √ (fck) x10-3 = √ (30) x 10-3 = 0.0055
P = 0.0012 < 0.0055 so we will use equation a
(L/d) basic = K x F1[11 + 1.5 fck1/2 Po/P +3.2 fck1/2 (Po/P -1)3/2 ]
K = 1 (since it is simply supported system)
F1 = 500 / fyk x As req / As Prov = 500 / 460 x 194 / 233 = 1.24
1.24 < limit 1.5 so it is OK
(L/d) basic = 1 x 1.24[11 + 1.5 x 301/2 x 0.0055/0.0012 +3.2 x 301/2 (0.0055/0.0012 -1)3/2 ]
= 1269 = 206
(L/d) actual = 2775/149 = 18.62
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RAMP DESIGN AS PER EC-02
As (L/d) actual < (L/d) basic So we are SAFE
Check for Cracking
h = 180 mm < 200 mm
Main bar:
Smax slab = 3h > 400 = 540 mm,
Max. bar spacing = 225 < Smax, slab, OK
Secondary bar:
Smax slab - 3.5h < 450 = 450
Max. bar spacing = 225 < Smax. slab, OK
Figure 5 Ramp Section
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