‡gvt AvwbQzi ingvb

cÖfvlK t Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM

Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
cÖhyw³ wefvM
Aa¨q t cÂg ( †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv ) ‡gvevBj t 01834618340
1| †cÖvMÖvg Kx ? GKwU Av`k© †cÖvMÖv‡gi ˆewkómg~n †jL |
‡Kvm mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvlvq avivevwnKfv‡e KZ¸‡jv KgvÛ ev wb‡`©‡ki
mgwó‡K †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq|
GKwU Av`k© †cÖvMÖv‡gi xewkó mg~n t
(i) †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ‡ZB †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨, aªæeK, PjK BZ¨vw`i cwiPq mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv, hv‡Z
†h †Kvb e¨enviKvix mn‡RB †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖv_wgK cwiPq jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(ii) PjK wnmv‡e cÖwZwbwaZ¡ g~jK eY© ev A_©c~b© kã e¨enviv Kiv hv‡Z Pj‡Ki mv‡_
m¤úK©hy³ wel‡qi A_© eyS‡Z AmyweaA bv nq|
(iii) †cÖvMÖv‡gi A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU©, my‡Wv‡KvW mijfv‡e cÖbqb Kiv, hv‡Z †cÖvMÖv‡gi
avc¸‡jv mn‡RB eySv hvq|
(iv) †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖevnwPÎ my¯úófv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hv‡Z †cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni ch©vqµg Ges jyc
¯úófv‡e †evSv hvq|
(v) †cÖv‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ jyc ˆZix K‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi iæc‡K RwUj bv Kiv|
(vi) †cÖvMÖvg‡K AKvi‡b `xN© bv Kiv
(vii) wbw`„©ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³ †cÖvMÖvg ˆZix Ki|
2| †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv Kx ? K‡qKwU RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi bvg wjL| hvwš¿K fvlv Ges D”P
¯Í‡ii fvlv ej‡Z Kx eyS ? Dnv‡`i ˆewkó, e¨env‡ii myweav Ges Amyweav mg~n wjL| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv Ges
hvwš¿K fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| hvwš¿K fvlv Ges A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ mg~n wjL|
‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv t Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ kã, eb©, A¼, ms‡KZ Ges
G¸‡jv web¨v‡mi wbqg wgwj‡qB ˆZix nq †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv| ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv wewjbœ cÖKvi n‡Z
cv‡i †hgb t †gwkb fvlv, A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv, D”P¯Íi fvlv, AwZ D”P¯Íi fvlv, ¯^vfvweK ev b¨vPvivj fvlv
BZ¨vw`|
bx‡b¥ K‡qKwU RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi bvg †`Iqv n‡jv t BASIC, C, C++, PASCAL,
FORTRAN BZ¨vw`|
hvwš¿K fvlv ev †gwkb fvlv t Kw¤úDUvi hš¿ mivmwi †h fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡i †m fvlvB n‡jv hvwš¿K
fvlv| 0 Ges 1 GB `ywU msL¨v w`‡q hš¿ fvlv †jLv nq| †gwkb fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K Ae‡R±
†cÖvMÖvgI ejv nq| G fvlv e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi eZ©bxi f’j ÎæwU ms‡kvab Kiv hvq |
‡gwkb fvlvi ˆewkómg~n/myweav mg~n t
(i) Kg †ggwi I jwRK cwim‡i †cÖvMÖvg †jLv mnR|
(ii) G fvlv e¨envi K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i eZ©bxi f’j ms‡kvab Kiv hvq|
(iii) G fvlv Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUv‡ii Af¨šÍixb msMVb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq|
‡gwkb fvlvi Amyweav mg~n t
(i) G fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg iPbv K¬vwšÍKi I mgh mv‡cÿ|
(ii) GK ai‡bi †gwk‡bi Rb¨ wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Ab¨ ai‡bi †gwk‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq bv|
(iii) †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii msMVb m¤^‡Ü avibv _vKv Acwinvh©¨
(iv) wWevM Kiv KóKi
(v) `ÿ †cÖvMÖvgv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq
D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv t Kw¤úDUvi‡K me©Rb e¨envi Dc‡hvMx K‡I Zzj‡Z †h fvlv ˆZix nq Zv‡K D”P¯Í‡ii
fvlv e‡j| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv †gwkb wbf©I bq| †gwk‡bi fvlvi Zzjbvq D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv
mnR| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K Source ev Drm †cÖvMÖvg e‡j| D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi D`vniY
n‡jv C++, Basic, Pascal, FORTRAN BZ¨vw`|
D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi ˆewkó/myweavmg~n t
(i) nvB †j‡fj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg †h‡Kvb Kw¤úDUv‡I e¨envi Kiv hvq|
(ii) gvby‡li c‡ÿ wbb¥¯Í‡ii †P‡q D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv †kLv mnR|
(iii) nvB †j‡fj fvlvq ZvovZvwo †cÖvMÖvg †jLv hvq|
(iv) nvB †j‡fj fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖv‡gi f’j ms‡kvab Kiv mnR|
(v) jvB‡eªwi dvskb e¨env‡ii myweav cvIqv hvq|
(vi) †cÖvMÖvg Zzjbv g~jK fv‡e †QvU nq|
D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi Amyweavmg~n t
(i) G fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡I bv|
(ii) Kgv‡Ûi wmb‡U· Rvb‡Z nq|
bx‡b¥ †gwkbfvlv I D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Iqv n‡jv t

µwgK bs ‡gwkb fvlv D”P¯Í‡ii flv

01 Kw¤úDUvi †h fvlv mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i Kw¤úDUvi‡K me©Rb e¨envi Dc‡hvMx K‡i
Zv‡K †gwkb fvlv e‡j| Zzj‡Z †h fvlv e¨eüZ nq ZvB D”P¯Íi fvlv|
02 GwU †gwk‡bi fvlv weavq D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv †gwkb wbf©i fvlv
Kw¤úDUvi‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ Abyev‡`i
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv
03 ‡gwk‡bi fvlv n‡jv evBbvwi hv 0 Ges 1 D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv n‡jv C++, Basic, Pascal,
Øviv MwVZ FORTRAN
04 G fvlv †gwkb mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i G fvlv †gwkb mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡I bv
05 f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K
06 ‡cÖvMÖvg wWevM Kiv KwVb ‡cÖvMÖvg wWevM Kiv mnR

bx‡b¥ hvwš¿K fvlv Ges A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Iqv n‡jv t

µwgK bs ‡gwkb fvlv A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv

01 Kw¤úDUvi hš¿ †h fvlv mivmwi eyS‡Z ‡h †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq wbD‡gwiK
cv‡i ZvB n‡jv hvwš¿K fvlv †Kv‡Wvi cwie‡Z© ‡b‡gvwbK †KvW
e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv e‡j|
02 ‡gwkb fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K
Ae‡R± †cÖvMÖvg e‡j †mvm© †cÖvMÖvg e‡j
03 0 Ges 1 GB `ywU Aÿi †gwkb fvlvq †jLv A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq Aÿ‡ii cwie‡Z© ms‡KZ
nq e¨envi Kiv nq
04 f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K
05 ‡cÖvMÖvg wWevM Kiv KwVb ‡cÖvMÖvg wWevM Kiv mnR

1| 4GL Kx ? 4GL fvlv e¨env‡ii ˆewkó/myweav I Amyweav mg~n wjL|

4GL t Kw¤úDUv‡i mn‡R e¨env‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl fvlv‡K 4GL ev PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv ejv nq|
PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlvi ˆewlómg~n t
() GB fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg †Kvb cwieZ©b QvovB Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq|
() GUv A‡bKUv ¯^vfvweK ev b¨vPvivj fvlvi gZ|
() †WUv msiÿb, Kz‡qwi, wi‡cvU© ˆZix BZ¨vw` KvR Lye mn‡RB Kiv hvq|
() GwU B›UviA¨vKwUf †gv‡W Kg©ÿg|
() D”PZi fvlvi Zzjbvq 4GL LyeB mnR , †evaMg¨ I e¨envi Dc‡hvMx|
() 4GL Gi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡R A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZix Kiv hvq|
1| Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg ej‡Z Kx eyS ? K¤úvBjvi I B›Uvi‡cÖUv‡ii KvR, myweav I Amyweav mg~n
wjL|
Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg t †gwkb fvlvq wjwLZ †cªvMÖvg Qvov Ab¨ fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K fvlv
Abyev‡`i Rb¨ †h †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg e‡j| A_©vr Drm
†cÖvMÖvg‡K MšÍe¨ †cÖvMÖv‡g cwiYZ Ki‡Z †h †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K Abyev`K
†cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg wZb cÖKvi -
(i) K¤úvBjvi
(ii) B›Uv‡cÖUvi
(iii) A¨v‡m¤^jvi
bx‡b¥ K¤úvBjv‡ii ‰ewkó/KvR, myweav I Amyweav mg~n ‡`Iqv n‡jv t
K¤úvBjvi t D”PZi fvlvq wjwLZ Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K hvwš¿K fvlvq Abyev` Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Abyev`K
†cÖvMÖvg‡K K¤úvBjvi e‡j|
K¤úvBjv‡ii KvR/‰ewkómg~n t
(i) Drm I †mvm© †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev` K‡i|
(ii) †cÖvMÖv‡g mswkøó iæwU‡bi mv‡_ ms‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’v K‡i|
(iii) †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb f’j _vK‡j Zv Rvwb‡q †`q|
(iv) cÖavb ¯§„wZi cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯§„wZ Ae¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i|
K¤úvBjv‡ii myweav mg~n t
(i) K¤úvBjvi m¤ú~Y © ‡cÖvMÖvgwU GKmv‡_ Abyev` K‡i d‡j †cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni MwZ `ªæZ
nq|
(ii) ‡cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡n Kg mgq jv‡M|
(iii) K¤úvBjv‡ii gva¨‡g icvšÍwiZ †cÖvMÖvg m¤ú~Y©iæ‡c †gwkb †cÖvMÖv‡g iæcvšÍwiZ K‡i|
(iv) K¤úvBjvi Øviv GKevi †cÖvMÖvg K¤úvBj Kiv n‡j cieZ©x‡Z K¤úvB‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
(v) ‡cÖvMÖv‡g ‡Kvb f’j _vK‡j Zv gwbU‡I cÖ`k©b K‡i|
K¤úvBjv‡ii Amyweav mg~n t
(i) K¤úvBjvi †cÖvMÖv‡gi mef’j GKmv‡_ cÖ`k©b K‡I d‡j †cÖvMÖvg ms‡kva‡b †ekx mgq jv‡M|
(ii) K¤úvxjvi eo ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg nIqvB Bnv msiÿ‡b †ggwi‡Z †ewk RvqMv jv‡M|
(iii) ‡cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s I wWevwMs Gi Rb¨ axiMwZ m¤úbœ|
B›UviwcÖUvi t
bx‡b¥ B›UvwcÖUv‡ii ‰ewkó/KvR, myweav I Amyweav mg~n ‡`Iqv n‡jv t
B›UviwcÖUvi Gi KvR/‰ewkó t
(i) D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv‡K †gwkb fvlvq iæcvšÍwiZ K‡i|
(ii) B›UviwcÖUvi GK jvBb K‡i Ges Abyev` K‡i||
B›UviwcÖUv‡ii myweav mg~n t
(i) GwU e¨env‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi f’j ms‡kvab Kiv Ges cwieZ©b Kiv mnR nq|
(ii) B›UviwcÖUvi †cÖvMÖvg AvKv‡i ˆQvU nq Ges †ggwi ¯’v‡b Kg RvqMv `Lj K‡i|
(iii) GwU mvaviYZ †QvU Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ nq|
B›UviwcÖUv‡ii Amyweav mg~n t
(i) B›UviwcÖUvi e¨env‡i †cÖvMÖvg Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z †ewk mgq jv‡M|
(ii) Bnvi gva¨‡g iæcvšÍwiZ †cÖvMÖvg m¤ú~Y©iæ‡c †gwkb †cÖvMÖv‡g iæcvšÍwiZ nq bv|
cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri c~‡e© Abyev` Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

1| Av`k© †cÖvMÖvg ej‡Z Kx eyS ? GKwU Av`k© †cÖvMÖv‡gi ‰ewkô ev ¸bvejx wjL|
Av`k© †cÖvMÖvg t Kw¤úDUvi KZ©„K †Kv‡bv mgm¨A mgvav‡bi Rb¨ ch©vqµwgK fv‡e
mvRv‡bv wb‡`©kvejx‡KB †cÖvMÖvg e‡j Ges †h †cÖvMÖv‡g Kw¤úDUviv †cÖvMÖv‡gi hveZxq
¸bvejx ev ‰ewkó we`¨vgvb _v‡K Zv‡K Av`k© †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
GKwU Av`k© †cÖvMÖv‡gi ˆewk›U t
(1) †cÖvMÖvg h_vm¤¢e mswÿß nIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
(2) †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ PjK Ges aªæe‡Ki cwiPq †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæi w`‡K _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
(3) †cÖvMÖv‡g AwZwi³ jyc cwinvi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
(4) †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †d¬vPvU© Ges A¨vjMwi`g AZ¨šÍ mnR nIqv cÖ‡qvRbxq|
(5) wbw`©„ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³ †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv I A¨vjMwi`g wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ|
3| A¨vjMwi`g Kx ? GKwU DËg A¨vjMwi`‡gi ˆewkô I myweax mg~n wjL|
A¨vjMwi`g t Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨vwU‡K †QvU †QvU fv‡M
wef³ K‡i hyw³ m¤§Zfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g wjwce× K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡K A¨vjMwi`g e‡j| A_©vr A¨vjMwi`g
n‡jv †cÖvMÖvg iPbv I wbe©v‡ni ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ avc¸‡jv ch©vqµwgKfv‡e wjwce× Kiv|
A¨vjMwi`‡gi ˆewkó ev kZ©mg~n t
(i) A¨vjMwi`g mnR n‡Z n‡e|
(ii) cÖ‡Z¨KwU avc ¯úó n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z mn‡R †evSv hvq|
(iii) mmxg msL¨K av‡c mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡Z n‡e|
(iv) A¨vjMwi`g e¨cKfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Dc‡hvMx n‡Z n‡e|
A¨vjMwi`‡gi myweamg~n t
(i) mn‡R †cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ I f’j wbY©q Kiv hvq|
(ii) ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖev‡ni w`K †evSv hvq|
(iii) RwUj †cÖvMÖvg mn‡R iPbv Kiv hvq|
(iv) ‡cÖvMÖvg cwieZ©‡b Ges cwiea©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
3| †d¬vPvU Kx ? †cøvPvU© KZ cªKvi I Kx Kx ? cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKv‡ii eY©bv `vI| wewfbœ cÖKvi
†cøvPvU© wm¤^j As¼b K‡i Dnv‡`i Kvh©cÖbvjx eY©bv Ki| †cøvPvU© AvKvi wbqgvewj wjL|
A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPv‡U©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq †d¬vPv‡U©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv
Ki|
†d¬vPvU t Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨vwU‡K †QvU †QvU fv‡M wef³
K‡i wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv‡K †d¬vPvU© e‡j|
‡d¬vPvU© cÖavbZ 2 ( `yB ) cÖKvi -
(i) wm‡÷g ‡d¬vPvU©
(ii) ‡cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU©
bx‡b¥ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv -
(i) wm‡÷g ‡d¬vPvU© t †h †d¬vPv‡U©i gva¨‡g †WUv cÖwµqvKiY c×wZ wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨
cÖwµqvKi‡Yi c×wZ †`Lv‡bv nq Zv‡K wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU© e‡j| GB wP‡Î †WUv MÖnb,
cÖwµqvKiY, msiÿb I djvdj cÖ`k©‡bi cÖevn ev w`K †`Lv‡bv nq|
(ii) ‡cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© t †h †d¬vPv‡U©i gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖv‡gi wewfbœ av‡ci we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖ`wk©Z nq Zv‡K ‡cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© e‡j| †cÖvMÖvg †d¬vPvU© e¨envi K‡i
†cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv nq|
bx‡b¥ wewfbœ cÖKvi †d¬vPvU© wm¤^j As¼b K‡I Dnv‡`I KvW©cÖbvjx eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t

µwgK cÖZx‡Ki bvg cÖZxK/wm¤^j cÖZx‡Ki Kvh©cÖbvjx

b¤^i
GwU GKwU wW¤^K AvK…wZi cÖZxK|
(i) Uvwg©bvj cÖZxK GwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ ev †kl wb‡`©k K‡i
_v‡K|
mvgvšÍwiK AvK…wZi cÖZxK‡K
MÖnb/wbM©gb cÖZxK e‡j| GB cÖZxK
(ii) MÖnb I wbM©gb Øviv cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ Bbcy‡Ui gvb
cÖZxU †bIqv Ges cÖwµqvKi‡Yi ci Bbcy‡Ui gvb
cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
GwU GKwU eiwd AvK…wZi cÖZxK|
GwU †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Kivi Rb¨ A_ev
(iii) wm×všÍ cÖZxK †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ MÖn‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
GB cÖZx‡Ki wfZi †jLv †Kv‡bv cÖ‡kœi
DËi memgq n¨v ev bv nq|
AvqvZKvi GB cÖZxKwU K‡v‡bv KvR ev
(iv) cÖwµqvKiY cÖZxK wb‡`©k cÖwµqvKiY †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ nq|
†h KvR Ki‡Z n‡e †mB KvR ev wb‡`©k
GB cÖZx‡Ki wfZi wjL‡Z n‡e|
GwU GKwU e„ËvKvi cÖZxK | hv Øviv
(v) ms‡hvM cÖZxK ms‡hvM †evSvq| cÖevn wP‡Î wj‡L hw`
GKwU c„ôv †kl n‡q hvq Z‡e cieZ©x
cÖôvq WvIqvi Rb¨ GB cÖZxK e¨eüZ nq|
(vi) cÖevn w`K cÖZxK Zxi wPwýZ GB cÖZxKwU Øviv cÖev‡ni
w`K wb‡`©k Kiv nq|
bx‡b¥ †d¬vPvU© AvKvi wbqgvejx ‡`Iqv n‡jv t
(i) ‡d¬vPvU© A¼‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kej wbw`©„ó wKQz cÖZxK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
(ii) ‡cøvPv‡U©i cÖevn wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ Dci †_‡K bx‡P Ges evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K Zxi wPwýZ Ki‡Z
n‡e|
(iii) AwZwi³ ms‡hvM †iLv I cÖZx‡Ki e¨envi cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
(iv) cÖZx‡Ki †fZi †jLv mswÿß I mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e|
(v) cÖevn wPÎ hZUv m¤¢e mij I mivmwi n‡Z n‡e †hb †h †Kv‡bv e¨enviKvix mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges
†cÖvMÖv‡gi KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
(vi) cÖevn wP‡Î †Kv‡bv av‡ci we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j c„_K c„_K avc e¨envi Kiv fv‡jv|
bx‡b¥ †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq †d¬vPv‡U©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv t
‡d¬vPvU n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi K‡qKwU av‡ci g‡a¨ me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ | †Kv‡bv
GKwU mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨vwUi A¨vjMwi`g ˆZixi c‡iB wPÎ iæ‡c cÖKvk Kiv nq|
†cÖvMÖv‡gi BbcyU, cÖwµqvKiY Ges AvDUcyU meB cÖevn wPÎ n‡Z mn‡R †evSv hvq| GKwU
†cÖvMÖv‡gi mwVK AvDUcyU gvb mwVK cÖevn wP‡Îi Dci wbf©i K‡i| cÖevn wPÎ hZUv mij n‡e
†cÖvMÖv‡gi †KvW †jLv ZZUv mnR n‡e|

bx‡b¥ A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPv‡U©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Iqv n‡jv t

µwgK A¨vjMwi`g ‡d¬vPvU©

msL¨v
01 Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨vwU‡K †QvU †QvU mgvav‡bi Rb¨ mgm¨vwU‡K †QvU
fv‡M wef³ K‡i hyw³ m¤§Zfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g †QvU fv‡M wef³ K‡i wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
wjwce× K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡K A¨vjMwi`g cÖKvk Kiv‡K †d¬vPvU© e‡j|
e‡j
02 GwU g~jZ eY©bv wbf©i GwU g~jZ wPÎ wbf©i
03 ‡cÖvMÖvg eyS‡Z wekx mgq jv‡M ‡cÖvMÖvg eyS‡Z Kg mgq jv‡M
04 ‡cÖvMÖvg cÖev‡ni w`K mn‡R †evSv ‡cÖvMÖvg cÖev‡ni w`K mn‡R †evSv
hvq bv hvq

4| my‡Wv †KvW Kx ? †cÖvMÖvg iPbvq my‡Wv‡KvW Gi cÖ‡qvPbxqZv wjL|

my‡Wv †KvW t my‡Wv †KvW GKwU wMÖK kã| my‡Wv k‡ãi A_© Aev¯Íe A_©vr hv mZ¨ bq|
†cÖvMÖvwgs Gi A¨vjMwi`‡gi weKí wnmv‡e mnR mij A_P mswÿß fvlvq †cÖvMÖv‡gi avc¸‡jv
eY©bv Kiv‡K my‡Wv †KvW e‡j|
†cÖvMÖvg iPbvq my‡Wv‡KvW Gi cÖ‡qvPbxqZv t
‡cÖvMÖvwgs †KvwWs Gi c~‡e© A‡bK †cÖvMÖvgwiB my‡Wv †KvW e¨envi K‡I _v‡K| my‡Wv
†KvW g~jZ Bs‡iRx fvlvq †jLv nq hv KZ¸‡jv k‡ãi mgš^‡q †cÖvMÖvwgs avc¸‡jvi KiYxq
Kvh©vejxi KiYxq Kv‡Ri eY©bv K‡I _v‡K| †hgb : bx‡b¥ `yBwU m©L¨vi †hvMdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨
my‡Wv †KvW †`Iqv nj -
INPUT NUMBER 1
INPUT NUMBER 2
TOTAL = NUMBER 1+ NUMBER 2
PRINT TOTAL
my‡Wv †KvW †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbqg †g‡b †jLv nq bv Z‡e †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡gi
my‡Wv †KvW co‡j †evSv hvq †KvwWsUv †Kgb n‡e| GRb¨ †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi †ÿ‡Î my‡Wv †KvW
Cö‡qvRb|

2| wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx ? wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi ˆewkó, myweav I Amyweav mg~n wjL|

wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs t wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs g~jZ ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖv‡gi I D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv| 1970
mv‡ji w`‡K hy³iv‡óªi †ej j¨ve‡iUwii †cÖvMÖvgvi †Wwbm wiwP GB fvlv iPbv K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b
wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi Ges Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g wbqš¿‡b wm-‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv e¨eüZ nq|
wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi ˆewkó mg~n t
(i) wm - †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq cÖwZwU †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ‡Z †nWvi dvBj D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq|
(ii) †nWvi dvB‡ji ci †gBb dvskb wjL‡Z nq|
(iii) †cÖvMÖv‡g e¨eüZ wb‡`©k ¸‡jv‡K wØZxq eÜbx {} Gi g‡a¨ ivL‡Z nq|
(iv) wm - †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlvi †÷U‡g›U¸‡jv Bs‡iRx †QvU nv‡Zi n‡Z nq Ges cÖwZwU †÷U‡g‡›Ui
†k‡l †mwg‡Kvjb (;) w`‡Z nq|
(v) G‡Z wewfbœ jvB‡eªwi dvskb e¨env‡ii myweav i‡q‡Q|
(vi) wm - †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv †gwkb wbf©i bq|
4| PjK Kx ? PjK KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ? cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKv‡ii eY©bv `vI| wm- †cÖvMÖvwgs G Pj‡Ki
bvgKi‡Yi wbqgvejx wjL|
PjK t hvi gvb cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i †mUB n‡jv PjK A_©vr ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi †WUv ev DcvË mg~n
msiÿ‡bi wbw`©ó ¯§„wZ ¯’vb‡K wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ bvg‡K ejv nq |
Pj‡Ki cÖKvi‡f` t PjK cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi-
(i) msL¨v m~PK PjK
(ii) Aÿigvjv PjK
bx‡b¥ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv t
(i) msL¨v m~PK PjK t †h Pj‡Ki gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨v ¯§„wZ‡Z †cÖiY Kiv n‡q _v‡K Ges
†cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni mgq hvi gvb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K msL¨v m~PK PjK e‡j|
(ii) Aÿigvjv PjK t †h Pj‡Ki gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡bi w÷ªs ev Aÿigvjv ¯§„wZ‡Z †cÖiY Kiv n‡q _v‡K
Zv‡K Aÿigvjv PjK e‡j|
wm- †cÖvMÖvwgs G Pj‡Ki bvgKi‡Yi wbqgvejx t
(i) GKB dvsk‡bi GKB bv‡g `y Bev Z‡ZvwaK PjK e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡I bv| Z‡e GKB †cÖvMÖv‡gi `y
Bev Z‡ZvwaK dvsk‡b GKB bv‡g PjK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
(ii) Pj‡Ki bv‡g ïay Avjdv‡ewUK K¨v‡i±i (a,……z, A……Z), wWwRU (0,1,2….9) Ges Under Score
(_) Ges (S) wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Z‡e Under Score I Wjvi wPý e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv we‡kl eY© ( †hgb :
%,+ BZ¨vw` ) e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv|
(iii) Pj‡Ki bv‡gi gvSLv‡b †Kv‡bv duvKv ¯’vb ivLv hv‡e bv|
(iv) Pj‡Ki bv‡gi cÖ_g Aÿi Aek¨B Avjdv‡eU n‡Z n‡e|
(v) wm - †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlvq †QvU nv‡Zi Ges eo nv‡Zi eY© c„_K c„_K x_© enb K‡i|
(vi) Pj‡Ki bv‡gi †Kv‡bv msiwÿZ kã ev wK- IqvW© e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb- int, float, double
BZ¨vw`|
(vii) Pj‡Ki bv‡g †h †Kv‡bv msL¨K eY© e¨envi Kiv hvq Z‡e 31 e‡Y©i †ewk e¨envi bv KivB fv‡jv|
5| wm- fvlv †Kb †Km †mbwmwUf e¨vL¨v Ki |
wm-fvlvq eo nv‡Zi Ges †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi wfbœ wfbœ A_© enb K‡i| †hgb- wm-fvlvq †NvlbvK…Z
†fwi‡qej X Ges x `y‡Uv c„_Kfv‡e we‡ewPZ nq G‡ÿ‡Î wm- †cÖvMÖvg eo nv‡Zi ev Avcvi †K‡m
†jLv Kv‡i±i Ges †QvU nv‡Zi ev ‡jvqvi †K‡m ‡jLv Kv‡i±i‡K c„_K A‡_© we‡ePbv K‡i|
D`vniY¯^iæc Sum I sum wm-fvlvq GKB A_© cÖKvk K‡i bv myZivs wm-fvlv GKwU
†Km‡mbwbwUf fvlv|
1| BbcyU I AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U ej‡Z Kx eyS ? scanf() Ges printf() †÷U‡g›U `ywUi wmb‡U· eY©bv
Ki|
BbcyU †÷U‡g›U t †m mKj †÷U‡g‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ wm - †cÖvMÖv‡g †WUv †bIqv nq ev BbcyU Kiv
nq Zv‡`i‡K BbcyU †÷U‡g›U e‡j|
AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U t †m mKj †÷U‡g‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ wm - †cÖvMÖv‡g djvdj gwUU‡‡ii c`©vq
cÖ`k©b Kiv nq Zv‡`i‡K AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U ejv nq|
scanf() †÷U‡g›U t †cÖvMÖvg Pjvi mgq e¨enviKvixi KvQ †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv †bIqvi Rb¨ eûj
e¨eüZ BbcyU †÷U‡g›U n‡jv scanf() hvi mvnv‡h¨ int, float, char BZ¨vw` UvB‡ci †WUv BbcyU Kiv
nq| scanf() Gi mvnv‡h¨ jvB‡eªix dvBj ev †nWvi dvBj stdio.h †cÖvMÖv‡g ms‡hvM Ki‡Z nq|
scanf() †÷U‡g›U mvaviY MVb t
scanf ( “ Control string “, & variable);
GLv‡b Control string n‡jv format specifer hv wb‡`©k K‡I e¨enviKvixi KvQ †_‡K †Kvb UvB‡ci
†WUv †bqv n‡e| Avi & variable wb‡`©k K‡i address of variable A_©vr e¨enviKvixi †h †WUv
BbcyU Ki‡e ; Zv D³ †fwi‡qe‡ji Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †gg‡I A¨v‡Wªm msiwÿZ n‡e| †hgb :-
int a ;
:
scanf ( “%d”,&a)
:
printf() †÷U‡g›U t AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U wnmv‡e wm fvlvq eûj e¨eüZ dvskb n‡jv printf() hvi
mvnv‡h¨ string ev string mn wewfbœ UvB‡ci (‡hgb t int, float, char BZ¨vw`) †WUvi gvb gwbU‡ii
w¯‹‡b cÖ`k©b Kiv nq|
printf() †÷U‡g›U mvaviY MVb t
printf(“string”);
string wnmv‡e †h †Kvb Word ev K¨v‡i±i ev Sentence n‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr printf() dvsk‡bi cÖ_g eÜwb
() wfZ‡i Wvej †Kv‡Uk‡bi g‡a¨ hv †jLv nq printf() dvskbwU gwbU‡ii c`©vq ZvB cÖ`k©b K‡i|
‡hgb t
printf ( “Technical Education Board “);
output : Technical Education Board
3| Statement Kx ? if Statement ej‡Z Kx eyS ? if Statement Gi MVb cÖbvjx eY©bv Ki|
wm- †cÖvMÖv‡g mvaviYZ GK ev GKvwaK G·‡cÖk‡bi mgš^‡q MwVZ| G·‡cÖkb¸‡jv Avevi
KZK¸‡jv keyword, operator, identifire BZ¨vw` mgš^‡q MwVZ| GB ai‡bi G·‡cÖkb¸‡jv‡K †÷U‡g›U
ejv nq| †hgb :
int x, a, b
x= a+b; BZ¨vw`|
if Statement t †cÖvMÖv‡g hw` A‡_© mvaviYZ if Statement e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e if Statement G Aek¨B
KwÛkb ev kZ© _vK‡e hvi Dci wfwË K‡i Simple statement ( GKwU Statement ) ev Compound
Statement (G‡Ki AwaK Statement) m¤úvw`Z nq|
if Statement Gi mvaviY MVb t
hw` Simple statement nq Z‡e if Statement Gi mvaviY MVb n‡jv-
if ( Condition )
Statement ;
hw` Compound Statement nq Z‡e if Statement Gi mvaviY MVb bxb¥iæc:-
{ Statement 1;
:
Statement 2;
:
:
………..
Statement n;
}
1| if Statement e¨envi K‡i wZbwU msL¨v g‡a¨ eo msL¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,x;
clscr();
printf(“Enter three numbers and separated by spaces:”);
scanf(%d%d%d”,&a&b&c);
x=a;
if(x>b)
x=b;
if(x>c)
x=c;
printf(“The Greatest number is :%d”, x);
getch();
}
1| if Statement e¨envi K‡i wZbwU msL¨v g‡a¨ ‡QvU msL¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,x;
clscr();
printf(“Enter three numbers and separated by spaces:”);
scanf(%d%d%d”,&a&b&c);
x=a;
if(x<b)
x=b;
if(x>c)
x=c;
printf(“The Smallest number is :%d”, x);
getch();
}
1| if……else statement Kx ? if……else statement Gi wmb‡U· eY©bv Ki|
if Statement Gi gZ if……else statement I Programe G e¨eüZ nq| Z‡e if……else statement True
Block Statement I False Block Statement wb‡q MwVZ hv wbf©i K‡i Condition Gi Dci| A_©vr
if……else statement Gi Condition mZ¨ nq Zvn‡j True Block Statement m¤úvw`Z nq Ab¨_vq False
Block Statement m¤úvw`Z nq|
if……else statement Gi wmb‡U·/MVb cÖbvjx eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t-
if ( Condition )
True Block Statement;
else
False Block Statement;
Aek¨ True Block Statement ev False Block Statement KL‡bv Compoumd Statement n‡Z cv‡i|
1| if else if Statement e¨envi K‡i wZbwU msL¨v g‡a¨ eo msL¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg
wjL|

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the First number :”);
scanf(%d”,&a);
printf(“Enter the Second number :”);
scanf(%d”, &b);
printf(“Enter the Third number :”);
scanf(%d”,&c);
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)
{
printf(“The Greatest number is :%d”, a);
}
else
printf(“The Greatest number is :%d”, c);
}
else if(b>a)
{
if(b>c)
{
printf(“The Greatest number is :%d”, b);
}
else
printf(“The Greatest number is :%d”, c);
}
}
getch();
}
5| Nested if Statement Gi MVb cÖbvjx eY©bv Ki|
Nested if Statement Gi MVb cÖbvjx t
if ( condition )
{
if ( condition 2 )
Statement 1 ;
else
Statement 2 ;
}
else
Statement 3 ;
Gi KvR Kivi aib if Statement Gi g‡ZvB Aek¨ GB †÷U‡g›U Simple ev Compound n‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨
Compound n‡j {} GB eÜbxi wfZi Statement ¸‡jv wjL‡Z n‡e|
1| if else if Statement e¨envi K‡i wZbwU msL¨v g‡a¨ ‡QvUmsL¨v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg
wjL|

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c,;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the First number :”);
scanf(%d”,&a);
printf(“Enter the Second number :”);
scanf(%d”, &b);
printf(“Enter the Third number :”);
scanf(%d”,&c);
if(a<b)
{
if(a<c)
{
printf(“The Smallest number is :%d”, a);
}
else
printf(“The Smallest number is :%d”, c);
}
else if(b<a)
{
if(b<c)
{
printf(“The Smallest number is :%d”, b);
}
else
printf(“The Smallest number is :%d”, c);
}
}
getch();
}
5| Looping Kx ?For Loop Statement Gi wmb‡U· ev MVbcÖbvjx eY©bv Ki|
wm- †cÖvMÖv‡g †÷U‡g›U mg~n mvaviYZ ¯^qswµqfv‡e I ch©vqµ‡g m¤úvw`Z nq wKš‘ K_‡bv
K_‡bv GK ev GKvwaK †÷U‡g›U evievi m¤úvw`Z Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB GK ev GKvwaZ †÷U‡g›U
evievi m¤úvw`Z Kivi cÖwµqv‡K mvaviYZ ejv nq jywcs ev jyc|
For Loop Statement Gi wmb‡U· ev MVbcÖbvjx bx‡b¥ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t
Counter Declaration ;
For ( initialization ; Condition ; increment / decrement )
{
Statement(s) or Loop Body ;
}
Counter Declaration t GB As‡k Dchy³ †WUv UvBc mg~n †Nvlbv Kiv nq| †hgb : int count.
initialization t GB As‡k Control Variable Gi gvb wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv nq| †hgb : Count = 0 ev Count
= 1 ev Count=2.
Condition t GB As‡k Control Variable Gi Rb¨ kZ© D‡jøL K‡i †`Iqv nq hvi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU
wbw`©ó msL¨K evi Statement m¤úvw`Z nq| kZ© mZ¨ n‡j GK ai‡bi KvR Avi wg_¨v n‡j Ab¨ ai‡bi
KvR m¤úvw`Z nq|
increment / decrement t GB As‡k mvaviYZ increment ev decrement e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| increment
e¨eüZ n‡j Condition hZÿb mZ¨ _vK‡e ZZÿb mvaviYZ Control Variable Gi gvb 1 K‡i evo‡Z _vK‡e
Avi decrement e¨eüZ n‡j 1 K‡i Kg‡Z _vK‡e|
6| For Loop †÷U‡g›U e¨envi K‡i 1+2+3+……+n wmwi‡Ri †hvMdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU
†cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int s=0,n,c;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the value of n is:”,);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
For(c=1,c<=n,c++)
{
s=s+c;
}
printf(“The sum of the series is:%d”,s);
getch();
}
6| For Loop †÷U‡g›U e¨envi K‡i 1+2+3+……+100 wmwi‡Ri †hvMdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU
†cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int s=0,c;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the value of n is:”,);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
For(c=1,c<=100,c++)
{
s=s+c;
}
printf(“The sum of the series is:%d”,s);
getch();
}
6| For Loop †÷U‡g›U e¨envi K‡i GKwU abvZ¡K msL¨vi d¨v‡±wiqvj gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨wm-fvlvq
GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int f,n,c;
clscr();
f=1
printf(“Enter the value of number is:”,);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
For(c=1,f<=n,c++)
{
f=f*c;
}
printf(“The result is:%d”, f);
getch();
}
4| dvskb K x ? dvskb KZ cÖKvi Kx Kx ? cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKv‡ii eY©bv `vI ? wm - †cÖvMÖv‡g dvskb
e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wjL|
dvskb t GKwU wbw`©ó Kv‡R ev MvwbwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨eüZ KZK¸‡jv †÷U‡g‡›Ui mgwóB n‡jv
dvskb A_©vr MvwbwZK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨eüZ KZK¸‡jv kã ms‡ÿc‡K dvskb ejv nq|
dvsk‡bi cÖKvi‡f` t
(i) jvB‡eªwi dvskb
(ii) BDRvi wW-dvwqb dvskb
bx‡b¥ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv -
(i) jvB‡eªwi dvskb t cÖ‡Z¨K nvB‡j‡ej j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri wbR¯^ wKQz weë-Bb dvskb _v‡K GB
dvskb¸‡jv‡Kejv nq jvB‡eªwi dvskb| †hgb- scanf(), print(), getch(), getchar() BZ¨vw` n‡jv wm -
fvlvq jvB‡eªwi dvskb | GB jvB‡eªwi dvskb‡K weë – Bb dvskb ejv nq|
(ii) BDRvi wW-dvwqb dvskb t ‡cÖvMÖvgvi Zv‡`i wbR¯^ c‡qvRb Abyhvqx dvskb ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq Abyhvqx main() dvsk‡bi gva¨‡g e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †cÖvMÖvg KZ…©K ˆZixK…Z
dvskb‡K ejv nq BDRvi wWdvwqb dvskb| BDRvi wWdvwqb dvsk‡bi GKwU bvg _v‡K hv‡K valid
identifier Ges GB bvg‡K main() dvsk‡bi Af¨šÍ‡i WvKv (call) Kiv nq|
bx‡b¥ †cÖvMÖv‡g dvskb e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Iqv n‡jv t-
me ai‡Yi dvskb wbqwš¿Z nq dvskb w`‡q hv †cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ‡Z ¯^qswµq fv‡e wbqwš¿Z nq|
mvaviYZ GB main () dvsk‡bi wfZ‡i KZK¸‡jv †÷U‡g›U, dvskb, MvwYwZK G·‡cÖkb BZ¨vw`i
mgš^‡q †cÖvMÖvg ‰Zix nq wKš‘ hw` †cÖvMÖvgwU Lye eo nq ev GK¸”Q †÷U‡g›U‡K evi evi
†cÖvMÖv‡g e¨envi Ki‡Z nq | †m‡ÿ‡Î GB main () dvsk‡bi AvKvi A‡bK eo n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j e¨envi
Kvix‡K ev †cÖvMÖvgvi‡K †cÖvMÖvgwU eyS‡Z Amyweav n‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv
_v‡K| Avi hw` D³ †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K KZK¸‡jv mve †cÖvMÖvg AvKv‡i wef³ K‡i main () dvsk‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ wbqšÍªb Kiv hvq Zvn‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU mn‡RB †evSv hvq Ges f’j nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg
_v‡K| GB mve †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv mvaviYZ dvsk‡bi AšÍ©f’³| myZivs ejv hvq †h, †cÖvMÖvwgs- G
dvsk‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©|
1| †mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎv‡K dv‡ibnvBU ZvcgvÎvq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float C,F;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the tempareture of celcious:”);
scanf(%2d”, &c);
F=(9*C)/5+32
printf(“%2d”,F);
getch();
}
1| dv‡ibnvBU ZvcgvÎv‡K ‡mw›U‡MÖW ZvcgvÎvq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float F,C;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the tempareture of farenhite:”);
scanf(%2d”, &F);
F=(F-32)/9*5
printf(“%2d”,C);
getch();
}
3| GKwU wÎf’‡Ri f’wg Ges D”PZv †`Iqv _vK‡j Dnvi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL /
GKwU wÎf’‡Ri f’wg Ges D”PZv †`Iqv _vK‡j Dnvi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL
( ïiæ‡Z f’wg Ges D”PZvi gvb k~b¨ n‡e bv )|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float base,height,area;;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the base and height of triangle separated by spaces:”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&base&height);
area=(1/2)*base*height;
printf(“The area is :%2f”,area);
getch();
OR,
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float b,e,area;;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the base and height of triangle separated by spaces:”);
scanf(“%d%d”,&b&h);
if(b>0)&&(h>0);
area=(1/2)*b*h;
printf(“The area is :%2f”,area);
getch();
}
3| GKwU wÎf’‡Ri wZbwU evû †`Iqv _vK‡j Dnvi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
float s,area;
clscr();
printf(“Enter the value of three arms:”);
scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a&b&c);
s=(a+b+c)/2
area=sqart(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
printf(“The area is :%2f”,area);
getch();
}

3| GKwU abvZ¡K msL¨vi d¨v‡±wiqvj gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨ jyc e¨envi K‡I wm - fvlvq GKwU
†cÖvMÖvg wjL|
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int f ,n,c;
clscr();
f=1
printf(“Enter the number:”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(c=1,f<=n,c++)
{
f=f*c
}
printf(“ the result is:%d”,f)
getch();
}