TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES –

MANILA
San Marcelino St, Ayala Blvd, Ermita, Manila,
1000 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 3 (PME8L)

SUBMITTED BY:
NEGRETE, JOY A.
BSME-4F

SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. CARLOS ZAPANTA

DATE:
JUNE 12, 2024
 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST

I. OBJECTIVES:
1. To understand the principle and method of Engine Performance Test
2. To evaluate capabilities, efficiency, and reliability of an engine under various
operating conditions.
II. THEORETICAL BACKROUND

Understanding and improving internal combustion engines depend heavily on engine

performance testing. These tests provide important information about the effectiveness, output of
power, and general performance of an engine in a variety of operating scenarios. Key performance
indicators can be precisely measured and analyzed thanks to the procedures that provide accurate
and dependable testing methods.

1. Fuel Preparation and System Check-

- Make sure the right fuel is utilized in accordance with the test engine's
specifications before initiating the engine performance test. Moreover, keep an
eye on and empty the water trap in the laboratory exhaust system to avoid any
interference during the test.
2. Engine Startup Procedure
- To ensure ideal starting conditions, the procedure starts by priming the engine
using the starting lever and continuing until the compression stroke is finished.
To ensure proper data collection, the airbox pressure is zeroed and torque and
speed measurements are initialized. Last but not least, letting fuel flow via the
gasoline valves guarantees that the engine has an enough amount of fuel to run
on.
3. Dynamometer Setup and Load Adjustment - The dynamometer setup includes
adjusting water flow to manage engine load. Precise control of the control valve and
outlet valve ensures stable engine load and accurate performance measurements.
Maintaining a stable temperature in the dynamometer through water flow prevents
overheating and ensures consistent test conditions.
4. Engine Operations and Data Collection - After starting the engine, allow it to reach its
normal operating temperature for consistent performance. Set the throttle to maximum
speed and adjust the dynamometer load to enable controlled testing under various
operating conditions.
 5. Engine performance - Engine performance is measured by key characteristics such as
power output, torque, fuel consumption, and emissions. Power output is the rate at which
the engine performs work, while torque is the rotational force it generates. Fuel
consumption measures the amount of gasoline used over time, indicating efficiency.
Emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate
matter (PM), are crucial due to their environmental impact.

III. MATERIALS:
1. Small Engine Test Set

Figure 1: Small Engine Test Set

2. Engine Test Bed with Dynamometer

Figure 2: Engine Test Bed with Its technical Specification

 Figure 3: Engine and Its Technical Specifications
3. Versatile Data Acquisition System (VDAS)

Figure 4: Versatile Data Acquisition System (VDAS) Display

III. PROCEDURE:
ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURE:
1. Fill your fuel tank with correct fuel for your Test Engine.
2. If your laboratory exhaust system includes a water (condensate) trap, make sure that it
is drained before you use the test engine.
3. Slowly pull the starting handle of the Test Engine until you can feel that it has passed
the compression stroke and easy to turn. Allow the starting handle to return to its
original position.
 4. Gently rock the Dynamometer, then press the “Press and holt to zero” button on the
Torque and Speed display. This will zero the Torque reading.
5. Press and hold the Zero Airbox pressure button on the DPTI
Instrument Module. Release the button, the differential pressure is now zero.
6. Open both valves on the Fuel Gauge
7. Make sure that fuel has passed down the fuel feed pipe to the Test Engine.
8. If you are to use TQ’s VDAS, make sure that your computer is operating and has
started the TQ software.
9. Turn on the water supply to the Dynamometer. Open the control valve by half a turn.
Fully open the water outlet valve. Make sure that the water flows through the
Dynamometer.
10. Start and run the Test Engine as described in the engine manufacturer instructions and
the TQ’s User Guide provided with the Test Engine.
11. Allow the engine to reach normal operating temperature.
12. Set the Test Engine Throttle (Rack) for maximum speed.
13. Adjust the Dynamometer control valve to increase the load on the Test Engine and
decrease its speed to its lowest stable speed. You may need to slightly shut the water
outlet valve and carefully adjust the Control Valve to give the best result.

Note:
More water volume in the Dynamometer = more load
Water flow removes heat from the Dynamometer.
Never close the outlet valve
14. Create a Blank Result Table for the engine as described in the TQ User Guide supplied
with each engine.
15. Use Dynamometer Control Valve to maintain the engine speed at the lowest speed
within +/- 100 rev/min. Record the Test Engine fuel consumption.
16. Record all Test Engine results as described in the Blank Result Table.
17. Repeat for the other speed.

ENGINE START
 1. Make sure that the Test Engine Fuel Tank has enough fuel for your test
2. Switch on the electrical and water supply to the TD200 Test Bed.
3. Open any fuel taps on your fuel gauge to allow the fuel to flow to the engine. If
necessary, tap the fuel line to remove any air bubbles.
4. Adjust the engine rack (speed control) to half-way.
5. Slowly pull out the engine start handle until you feel resistance, then slowly let the start
handle return back to its original position. This sets the engine at the start of a
compression.
6. Make sure that you are standing in a stable position with both h a n d s on the start handle.
7. Firmly and quickly pull out the starting handle. The engine should start. Keep your hand
on the starting handle and allow it to return back down to the engine, then let it go.
8. If the engine does not start, then repeat steps 5,6, and 7.
9. Allow the engine to run for a few minutes until it reaches normal operating temperature
and runs steadily.

ENGINE STOP
1. Use the engine rack to reduce the engine speed to minimum.
2. Allow the engine to run for two minutes at minimum speed.
3. Use the engine rack to reduce the engine speed to stop.
4. Turn off the fuel supply to the engine.
5. Slowly pull out the engine start handle until you feel resistance. Then allow it to
return. This set the engine at the beginning of the compression cycle with
both valves closed. This helps to prevent any damp air or moisture entering the
cylinder while it is not in use.

EMERGENCY ENGINE STOP

1. Press the engine stop button.

2. Reduce the engine rack to minimum (stop) position.
3. Turn off the fuel supply to the engine.
IV. OBSERVATION:
The engine performance test adhered to laboratory guidelines and began with standard
precautions such as verifying fuel type and clearing exhaust condensate. Sequential stages
involved priming the engine, zeroing torque and airbox pressure, and confirming fuel flow. The
load gradually increased while maintaining constant speed, with comprehensive documentation
of fuel consumption, torque, speed, and thermal efficiency throughout.

The engine consistently performed well across different speeds. As the engine speed
increased from 1300 to 3000 rpm, fuel consumption decreased while power output and thermal
efficiency increased. This suggests that the engine runs more efficiently at higher speeds, likely
because of improved combustion and airflow. Additionally, fluctuations in exhaust gas
temperature and airbox pressure showed how the engine reacts to different loads. The thorough
test procedure and data collection allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the engine's
performance.

DATA SET 1
ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST DATA SERIES 1 @ 1300 rpm
 Data Series 1
Time AVF1, DVF1 Fuel Consumption Calculated DPT1 Engine Air G Exhaust DTS2 Engine Torque G Speed Calculated Parameters (Engine)
Ambient Exhaust Airbox
Fuel Fuel Fuel Heat Of Air Gas Differenti Ambient Specific Volumetri Number
Consump Consump Fuel Calorific Combusti Inlet Air Temperat Temperat al Air Orifice Air Mass Air Fuel Consump Thermal c Engine Of Cycles
Time tion tion Density Value on Enthalpy ure ure Pressure Pressure Diameter Flow Rate Torque Speed Power Ratio tion Efficiency Efficiency Capacity [2 or 4] BMEP
(x10-3 kg.s- (rev.min-
(s) (mL.min-1) (kg.s-1) (kg.m-3) (MJ.kg-1) (W) (W) (°C) (°C) (Pa) (mbar) (mm) 1
) (Nm) 1
) (W) (kg.kWh-1) (%) (%) (cc) (bar)
0 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 617 31 222 -68 1013 18.5 2.03 7.9 1298 1076 15.62 0.43 21.22 69.67 232 4 4.29
1 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 669 31.1 222 -80 1013 18.5 2.2 7.9 1307 1084 16.92 0.43 21.38 75.01 232 4 4.29
2 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 635 31 220 -72 1013 18.5 2.09 7.9 1293 1072 16.08 0.44 21.14 72.01 232 4 4.29
3 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 648 31.3 221 -75 1013 18.5 2.13 7.9 1299 1077 16.38 0.43 21.24 73.12 232 4 4.29
4 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 626 31.1 223 -70 1013 18.5 2.06 7.9 1315 1091 15.85 0.43 21.52 69.81 232 4 4.29
5 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 638 30.8 221 -73 1012 18.5 2.1 7.9 1298 1076 16.15 0.43 21.22 72.1 232 4 4.29
6 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 629 30.8 219 -71 1012 18.5 2.07 7.9 1298 1076 15.92 0.43 21.22 71.07 232 4 4.29
7 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 656 30.8 221 -77 1013 18.5 2.16 7.9 1312 1088 16.62 0.43 21.46 73.29 232 4 4.29
8 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 611 30.9 222 -67 1013 18.5 2.01 7.9 1293 1072 15.46 0.44 21.14 69.23 232 4 4.29
9 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 681 31 222 -83 1012 18.5 2.24 7.9 1308 1085 17.23 0.43 21.4 76.37 232 4 4.29
10 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 620 31.1 221 -69 1012 18.5 2.04 7.9 1312 1088 15.69 0.43 21.46 69.36 232 4 4.29
11 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 651 31 221 -76 1012 18.5 2.14 7.9 1292 1071 16.46 0.44 21.12 73.86 232 4 4.29
12 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 641 30.9 221 -74 1012 18.5 2.11 7.9 1303 1081 16.23 0.43 21.32 72.19 232 4 4.29
13 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 30.9 223 -66 1012 18.5 2 7.9 1289 1069 15.38 0.44 21.08 69.17 232 4 4.29
14 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 669 31 223 -80 1012 18.5 2.2 7.9 1292 1071 16.92 0.44 21.12 75.93 232 4 4.29
15 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 611 30.9 224 -67 1012 18.5 2.01 7.9 1306 1083 15.46 0.43 21.36 68.61 232 4 4.29
16 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 669 31 222 -80 1012 18.5 2.2 7.9 1292 1071 16.92 0.44 21.12 75.93 232 4 4.29
17 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 611 30.9 222 -67 1012 18.5 2.01 7.9 1296 1075 15.46 0.44 21.2 69.14 232 4 4.29
18 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 669 30.9 223 -80 1012 18.5 2.2 7.9 1294 1073 16.92 0.44 21.16 75.79 232 4 4.29
19 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 31.1 224 -66 1012 18.5 2 7.9 1292 1071 15.38 0.44 21.12 69.05 232 4 4.29
20 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 663 31 224 -79 1012 18.5 2.18 7.9 1304 1081 16.77 0.43 21.32 74.55 232 4 4.29
21 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 632 31 225 -72 1012 18.5 2.08 7.9 1305 1082 16 0.43 21.34 71.08 232 4 4.29
22 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 626 30.9 222 -70 1012 18.5 2.06 7.9 1290 1070 15.85 0.44 21.1 71.19 232 4 4.29
23 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 672 30.9 224 -81 1012 18.5 2.21 7.9 1303 1081 17 0.43 21.32 75.61 232 4 4.29
24 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 617 30.8 230 -68 1012 18.5 2.03 7.9 1290 1070 15.62 0.44 21.1 70.13 232 4 4.29
25 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 660 31 225 -78 1012 18.5 2.17 7.9 1289 1069 16.69 0.44 21.08 75.07 232 4 4.29
26 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 648 31 222 -75 1012 18.5 2.13 7.9 1303 1081 16.38 0.43 21.32 72.9 232 4 4.29
27 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 607 30.7 224 -66 1012 18.5 2 7.9 1287 1067 15.38 0.44 21.05 69.23 232 4 4.29
28 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 662 30.8 223 -79 1012 18.5 2.18 7.9 1301 1079 16.77 0.43 21.28 74.67 232 4 4.29
29 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 30.8 225 -66 1012 18.5 2 7.9 1305 1082 15.38 0.43 21.34 68.3 232 4 4.29
30 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 672 31 225 -81 1012 18.5 2.21 7.9 1290 1070 17 0.44 21.1 76.4 232 4 4.29
31 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 605 31.2 223 -66 1012 18.5 1.99 7.9 1305 1082 15.31 0.43 21.34 68.05 232 4 4.29
32 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 684 31.1 224 -84 1012 18.5 2.25 7.9 1309 1086 17.31 0.43 21.42 76.68 232 4 4.29
33 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 620 30.9 223 -69 1012 18.5 2.04 7.9 1295 1074 15.69 0.44 21.18 70.22 232 4 4.29
34 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 648 31 219 -75 1013 18.5 2.13 7.9 1304 1081 16.38 0.43 21.32 72.77 232 4 4.29
35 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 641 30.9 224 -74 1013 18.5 2.11 7.9 1292 1071 16.23 0.44 21.12 72.73 232 4 4.29
36 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 30.9 225 -66 1013 18.5 2 7.9 1294 1073 15.38 0.44 21.16 68.83 232 4 4.29
37 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 660 31 225 -78 1013 18.5 2.17 7.9 1310 1086 16.69 0.43 21.42 73.8 232 4 4.29
38 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 620 31 225 -69 1013 18.5 2.04 7.9 1294 1073 15.69 0.44 21.16 70.23 232 4 4.29
39 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 672 31 224 -81 1013 18.5 2.21 7.9 1311 1087 17 0.43 21.44 75.1 232 4 4.29
40 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 617 30.9 225 -68 1013 18.5 2.03 7.9 1315 1091 15.62 0.43 21.52 68.75 232 4 4.29
41 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 668 30.8 224 -80 1013 18.5 2.2 7.9 1297 1076 16.92 0.43 21.22 75.52 232 4 4.29
42 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 31 224 -66 1013 18.5 2 7.9 1311 1087 15.38 0.43 21.44 67.96 232 4 4.29
43 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 638 31 226 -73 1013 18.5 2.1 7.9 1318 1093 16.15 0.43 21.56 70.98 232 4 4.29
44 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 672 31 225 -81 1013 18.5 2.21 7.9 1305 1082 17 0.43 21.34 75.44 232 4 4.29
45 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 626 30.9 224 -70 1013 18.5 2.06 7.9 1317 1092 15.85 0.43 21.54 69.66 232 4 4.29
46 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 678 31 225 -82 1013 18.5 2.23 7.9 1301 1079 17.15 0.43 21.28 76.36 232 4 4.29
47 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 626 31.1 225 -70 1013 18.5 2.06 7.9 1302 1080 15.85 0.43 21.3 70.51 232 4 4.29
48 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 678 31 227 -82 1013 18.5 2.23 7.9 1315 1091 17.15 0.43 21.52 75.55 232 4 4.29
49 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 626 31.1 225 -70 1013 18.5 2.06 7.9 1301 1079 15.85 0.43 21.28 70.56 232 4 4.29
50 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 678 31 225 -82 1013 18.5 2.23 7.9 1303 1081 17.15 0.43 21.32 76.24 232 4 4.29
51 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 620 30.7 226 -69 1013 18.5 2.04 7.9 1318 1093 15.69 0.43 21.56 68.89 232 4 4.29
52 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 672 30.9 227 -81 1013 18.5 2.21 7.9 1298 1076 17 0.43 21.22 75.83 232 4 4.29
53 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 629 31 227 -71 1013 18.5 2.07 7.9 1315 1091 15.92 0.43 21.52 70.13 232 4 4.29
54 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 671 30.8 228 -81 1013 18.5 2.21 7.9 1316 1091 17 0.43 21.52 74.76 232 4 4.29
55 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 635 30.9 226 -72 1013 18.5 2.09 7.9 1299 1077 16.08 0.43 21.24 71.65 232 4 4.29
56 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 677 30.8 226 -82 1013 18.5 2.23 7.9 1312 1088 17.15 0.43 21.46 75.67 232 4 4.29
57 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 611 31 228 -67 1013 18.5 2.01 7.9 1319 1094 15.46 0.43 21.58 67.89 232 4 4.29
58 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 669 31.1 227 -80 1013 18.5 2.2 7.9 1303 1081 16.92 0.43 21.32 75.24 232 4 4.29
59 9 0.00013 840 39 5070 608 31 227 -66 1013 18.5 2 7.9 1315 1091 15.38 0.43 21.52 67.76 232 4 4.29
Average G 0.00013 840 3G 5070 641.65 30.G5667 223.G167 -73.85 1012.55 18.5 2.111 7.G 1302.5 1080.133 16.23733 0.433 21.30283 72.22667 232 4 4.2G

The data presents the engine's performance at three different speeds: 1300 rpm, 2000
rpm, and 3000 rpm. At 1300 rpm, the engine consumed 9.0 mL/min of gasoline, equating to a
fuel consumption rate of 0.00013 kg/s. The ambient air temperature was -31.0°C, with a pressure
of 1013 mbar. The engine produced a torque of -7.9 and a power output of 1091 x 10-3 kg/s. The
exhaust gas temperature was 227°C, and the thermal efficiency was calculated at 21.52%.
Additionally, the volumetric efficiency was 67.76%, while the BME (Brake Mean Effective)
pressure measured 4.29 bar.

DATA SET 2
ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST DATA SERIES 2 @2000 rpm
 Data Series 2
Time AVF1, DVF1 Fuel Consumption Calculated DPT1 Engine Air G Exhaust DTS2 Engine Torque G Speed Calculated Parameters (Engine)
Ambient Exhaust Airbox
Fuel Fuel Fuel Heat Of Air Gas Differenti Ambient Specific Volumetri Numb
Consump Consump Fuel Calorific Combusti Inlet Air Temperat Temperat al Air Orifice Air Mass Air Consump Thermal c Engine Of
Time tion tion Density Value on Enthalpy ure ure Pressure Pressure Diameter Flow Rate Torque Speed Power Fuel tion Efficiency Efficiency Capacity
(x10-3 kg.s- (rev.min- Ratio
(s) (mL.min-1) (kg.s-1) (kg.m-3) (MJ.kg-1) (W) (W) (°C) (°C) (Pa) (mbar) (mm) 1
) (Nm) 1
) (W) (kg.kWh-1) (%) (%) (cc
0 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 918 31 312 -151 1012 18.5 3.02 7.9 1993 1653 17.76 0.37 24.93 67.57
1 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 903 31.1 311 -146 1012 18.5 2.97 7.9 1988 1649 17.47 0.37 24.87 6
2 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 866 31 313 -135 1012 18.5 2.85 7.9 1995 1655 16.76 0.37 24.96
3 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 863 30.9 313 -134 1012 18.5 2.84 7.9 1975 1638 16.71 0.37 24.71
4 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 882 31 313 -139 1012 18.5 2.9 7.9 1827 1515 17.06 0.4 22
5 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 903 31 313 -146 1012 18.5 2.97 7.9 1904 1579 17.47 0.39
6 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 921 31 312 -152 1012 18.5 3.03 7.9 1924 1596 17.82 0.38
7 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 912 31 312 -149 1012 18.5 3 7.9 1944 1612 17.65 0
8 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 869 31 311 -136 1012 18.5 2.86 7.9 1962 1627 16.82
9 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 891 31 313 -142 1012 18.5 2.93 7.9 1947 1615 17.24
10 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 915 31 312 -150 1012 18.5 3.01 7.9 1956 1622 17
11 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 873 31.1 312 -137 1012 18.5 2.87 7.9 1963 1628
12 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 879 31 311 -138 1012 18.5 2.89 7.9 1948 1616
13 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 912 30.9 310 -149 1012 18.5 3 7.9 1949 1
14 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 845 31 311 -128 1012 18.5 2.78 7.9 1949
15 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 906 31 311 -147 1012 18.5 2.98 7.9 1939
16 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 870 31.1 312 -136 1012 18.5 2.86 7.9 19
17 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 882 31.1 311 -139 1012 18.5 2.9 7.9
18 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 882 31.1 310 -139 1012 18.5 2.9 7.9
19 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 830 31.1 310 -124 1012 18.5 2.73
20 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 897 31 310 -144 1012 18.5 2.95
21 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 866 31 311 -135 1012 18.5 2.85
22 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 827 31.1 312 -123 1012 18.5 2
23 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 827 31 310 -123 1012 18.5
24 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 897 30.9 310 -144 1012 18.5
25 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 854 31 311 -131 1012 1
26 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 821 30.9 311 -121 1012
27 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 857 31 312 -132 1012
28 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 890 30.9 311 -142 10
29 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 854 30.9 310 -131
30 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 878 30.9 312 -138
31 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 888 31 311 -1
32 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 848 31 310
33 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 830 30.9 310
34 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 833 31 3
35 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 860 31
36 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 882 31.1
37 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 879
38 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 882
39 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 888
40 12 0.00017 840 39 6630 8
41 12 0.00017 840 39 6630
42 12 0.00017 840 39 6630
43 12 0.00017 840 39 663
44 12 0.00017 840 39
45 12 0.00017 840 39
46 12 0.00017 840 3
47 12 0.00017 840
48 12 0.00017 840
49 12 0.00017 84
50 12 0.00017
51 12 0.00017
52 12 0.0001
53 12 0.0
54 12
55 1
56
57
5

At 2000 rpm, the engine demonstrated improved performance. Fuel consumption

increased to 12.0 mL/min, equating to a fuel consumption rate of 0.00017 kg/s. This higher
rotational speed resulted in a greater power output of 1633 x 10-3 kg/s and an exhaust gas
temperature of 309°C. Additionally, thermal efficiency improved to 24.63%, indicating better
fuel energy utilization. Despite the speed and power increase, volumetric efficiency remained
relatively constant at 69.01%, while the BME pressure maintained at 4.29 bar.

DATA SET 3
 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST DATA SERIES 3 @3000 rpm

Data Series 3
Time AVF1, DVF1 Fuel Consumption Calculated DPT1 Engine Air G Exhaust DTS2 Engine Torque G Speed Calculated Parameters (Engine)
Ambient Exhaust Airbox
Fuel Fuel Fuel Heat Of Air Gas Differenti Ambient Specific Volumetri Number
Consump Consump Fuel Calorific Combusti Inlet Air Temperat Temperat al Air Orifice Air Mass Air Fuel Consump Thermal c Engine Of Cycles
Time tion tion Density Value on Enthalpy ure ure Pressure Pressure Diameter Flow Rate Torque Speed Power Ratio tion Efficiency Efficiency Capacity [2 or 4] BMEP
-3 -
(x10 kg.s (rev.min-
-1 -1
(s) (mL.min ) (kg.s-1) (kg.m-3) (MJ.kg-1) (W) (W) (°C) (°C) (Pa) (mbar) (mm) 1 (Nm) 1 (W) (kg.kWh ) (%) (%) (cc) (bar)
) )
0 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1417 31 252 -360 1013 18.5 4.66 7.9 2969 2463 58.25 0.12 78.94 69.92 232 4 4.29
1 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1401 30.9 252 -352 1013 18.5 4.61 7.9 2962 2457 57.62 0.12 78.75 69.31 232 4 4.29
2 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1389 30.9 253 -346 1013 18.5 4.57 7.9 2954 2450 57.12 0.12 78.53 68.9 232 4 4.29
3 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1398 31 255 -351 1013 18.5 4.6 7.9 2950 2447 57.5 0.12 78.43 69.47 232 4 4.29
4 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1389 31 257 -346 1013 18.5 4.57 7.9 2943 2441 57.12 0.12 78.24 69.18 232 4 4.29
5 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1383 31 258 -343 1013 18.5 4.55 7.9 2935 2435 56.88 0.12 78.04 69.06 232 4 4.29
6 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1386 31 260 -344 1013 18.5 4.56 7.9 2929 2430 57 0.12 77.88 69.36 232 4 4.29
7 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1362 31 260 -332 1013 18.5 4.48 7.9 2895 2401 56 0.12 76.96 68.94 232 4 4.29
8 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1341 31 261 -322 1013 18.5 4.41 7.9 2862 2374 55.12 0.12 76.09 68.64 232 4 4.29
9 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1331 30.9 262 -317 1013 18.5 4.38 7.9 2837 2353 54.75 0.12 75.42 68.76 232 4 4.29
10 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1352 30.9 264 -327 1013 18.5 4.45 7.9 2818 2338 55.62 0.12 74.94 70.33 232 4 4.29
11 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1316 31 264 -311 1013 18.5 4.33 7.9 2808 2329 54.12 0.12 74.65 68.7 232 4 4.29
12 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1319 31 265 -312 1013 18.5 4.34 7.9 2790 2314 54.25 0.12 74.17 69.3 232 4 4.29
13 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1319 30.9 266 -312 1013 18.5 4.34 7.9 2752 2283 54.25 0.13 73.17 70.23 232 4 4.29
14 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1310 31 268 -307 1013 18.5 4.31 7.9 2727 2262 53.87 0.13 72.5 70.41 232 4 4.29
15 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1320 31.1 269 -312 1013 18.5 4.34 7.9 2721 2257 54.25 0.13 72.34 71.08 232 4 4.29
16 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1344 31 270 -323 1013 18.5 4.42 7.9 2746 2278 55.25 0.13 73.01 71.71 232 4 4.29
17 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1337 30.9 270 -321 1013 18.5 4.4 7.9 2769 2297 55 0.13 73.62 70.77 232 4 4.29
18 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1371 30.9 272 -337 1013 18.5 4.51 7.9 2784 2309 56.38 0.12 74.01 72.14 232 4 4.29
19 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1411 31 272 -356 1013 18.5 4.64 7.9 2838 2354 58 0.12 75.45 72.84 232 4 4.29
20 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1414 31 275 -358 1013 18.5 4.65 7.6 2874 2277 58.12 0.13 72.98 72.08 232 4 4.1
21 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1444 30.9 273 -374 1013 18.5 4.75 7.2 2899 2171 59.37 0.13 69.58 72.97 232 4 3.87
22 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1464 30.8 271 -385 1013 18.5 4.82 6.3 2937 1943 60.25 0.15 62.28 73.06 232 4 3.42
23 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1477 30.9 271 -391 1013 18.5 4.86 5.5 2949 1693 60.75 0.17 54.26 73.39 232 4 2.97
24 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1489 30.9 270 -397 1013 18.5 4.9 5 2966 1554 61.25 0.19 49.81 73.57 232 4 2.71
25 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1496 31 268 -401 1013 18.5 4.92 4.4 2989 1377 61.5 0.21 44.13 73.33 232 4 2.38
26 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1493 31.1 267 -400 1013 18.5 4.91 3.8 3020 1213 61.38 0.24 38.88 72.45 232 4 2.08
27 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1513 30.8 261 -411 1013 18.5 4.98 3.6 3036 1140 62.25 0.25 36.54 73.03 232 4 1.94
28 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1522 30.8 259 -416 1013 18.5 5.01 3.2 3058 1034 62.62 0.28 33.14 72.94 232 4 1.75
29 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1527 31.1 257 -418 1013 18.5 5.02 3 3074 959 62.75 0.3 30.74 72.77 232 4 1.61
30 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1535 31 255 -422 1013 18.5 5.05 2.8 3084 915 63.12 0.31 29.33 72.95 232 4 1.53
31 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1553 30.9 255 -433 1013 18.5 5.11 2.7 3103 867 63.87 0.33 27.79 73.34 232 4 1.45
32 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1583 30.9 252 -449 1013 18.5 5.21 2.5 3112 815 65.12 0.35 26.12 74.56 232 4 1.35
33 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1572 31 250 -442 1013 18.5 5.17 2.4 3118 782 64.62 0.37 25.06 73.87 232 4 1.3
34 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1568 30.9 247 -441 1013 18.5 5.16 2.2 3134 739 64.5 0.39 23.69 73.32 232 4 1.22
35 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1592 30.9 245 -454 1013 18.5 5.24 2.1 3139 699 65.5 0.41 22.4 74.34 232 4 1.15
36 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1581 31 244 -447 1013 18.5 5.2 2 3111 665 65 0.43 21.31 74.46 232 4 1.11
37 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1590 31 242 -452 1013 18.5 5.23 2 3104 664 65.38 0.43 21.28 75.06 232 4 1.11
38 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1584 31.1 241 -450 1013 18.5 5.21 2.1 3107 671 65.12 0.43 21.51 74.73 232 4 1.12
39 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1587 31.1 239 -452 1013 18.5 5.22 2.1 3090 674 65.25 0.43 21.6 75.28 232 4 1.13
40 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1572 31.1 237 -443 1013 18.5 5.17 2.1 3089 681 64.62 0.42 21.83 74.59 232 4 1.14
41 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1569 31 236 -441 1013 18.5 5.16 2.2 3112 727 64.5 0.4 23.3 73.87 232 4 1.21
42 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1563 31 234 -438 1013 18.5 5.14 2.4 3127 771 64.25 0.37 24.71 73.23 232 4 1.28
43 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1568 30.9 232 -440 1013 18.5 5.16 2.4 3128 799 64.5 0.36 25.61 73.46 232 4 1.32
44 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1557 31.1 233 -434 1013 18.5 5.12 2.6 3121 844 64 0.34 27.05 73.11 232 4 1.4
45 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1541 31 231 -426 1013 18.5 5.07 2.8 3117 898 63.37 0.32 28.78 72.46 232 4 1.49
46 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1547 31 231 -429 1013 18.5 5.09 2.8 3111 923 63.62 0.31 29.58 72.89 232 4 1.53
47 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1532 31 230 -420 1013 18.5 5.04 3 3096 986 63 0.29 31.6 72.52 232 4 1.65
48 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1513 30.8 231 -410 1013 18.5 4.98 3.2 3087 1024 62.25 0.28 32.82 71.82 232 4 1.72
49 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1529 31 228 -419 1013 18.5 5.03 3.3 3081 1062 62.88 0.27 34.04 72.73 232 4 1.78
50 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1511 31 228 -409 1013 18.5 4.97 3.5 3069 1132 62.12 0.25 36.28 72.14 232 4 1.91
51 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1508 31.1 228 -407 1013 18.5 4.96 3.7 3065 1191 62 0.24 38.17 72.12 232 4 2.01
52 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1499 31 228 -402 1013 18.5 4.93 3.9 3059 1242 61.62 0.23 39.81 71.8 232 4 2.1
53 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1499 31.1 228 -402 1013 18.5 4.93 4.1 3036 1312 61.62 0.22 42.05 72.36 232 4 2.24
54 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1496 31.1 228 -401 1013 18.5 4.92 4.4 3024 1379 61.5 0.21 44.2 72.5 232 4 2.36
55 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1501 30.9 227 -404 1013 18.5 4.94 4.5 3012 1413 61.75 0.2 45.29 73.04 232 4 2.43
56 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1493 31.1 228 -399 1013 18.5 4.91 4.6 2994 1457 61.38 0.2 46.7 73.08 232 4 2.52
57 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1499 31 228 -402 1013 18.5 4.93 4.9 2998 1531 61.62 0.19 49.07 73.26 232 4 2.64
58 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1480 30.9 229 -393 1013 18.5 4.87 5 2990 1560 60.88 0.18 50 72.54 232 4 2.7
59 5.6 0.00008 840 39 3120 1477 31 231 -391 1013 18.5 4.86 5.1 2979 1600 60.75 0.18 51.28 72.68 232 4 2.78
AVE 5.6 8E-05 840 3G 3120 1470.567 30.G7667 24G.G667 -388.G 1013 18.5 4.837833 5.016667 2G86.467 1544.267 60.47167 0.230667 4G.4G567 72.1125 232 4 2.721833

At 3000 rpm, the engine's performance reached its peak. Fuel consumption decreased to
5.6 mL/min, resulting in a fuel consumption rate of 0.00008 kg/s. Power output surged to 1600 x
10-3 kg/s, while the exhaust gas temperature slightly increased to 231°C. Thermal efficiency
peaked at 51.28%, indicating optimal energy conversion. Volumetric efficiency also reached its
highest point at 72.68%, suggesting effective air intake and utilization. However, the BME
pressure declined to -2.78 bar, potentially indicating operational adjustments for optimal
performance at this speed. Overall, the data highlights the dynamic nature of engine performance
across varying rotational speeds, displaying the interconnection of different parameters. such as
fuel consumption, power output, thermal efficiency, and volumetric efficiency.
IV. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:
 The discussion section of this report examines the comprehensive analysis of the engine
performance test conducted, aiming to evaluate the efficiency and overall performance of the
engine using the different parameters recorded in the three data sets.
The line graphs below show some of the parameters against the speed set on the
dynamometer to provide a load for the engine and make a better simulation of real-world
conditions and monitor engine performance while controlling parameters such as speed, load,
and temperature.
AVF1, DVF1 Fuel Consumption

Fuel Consumption Vs. Speed

15
Fuel Comsumption (mL

10
- min^-1)

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 4: Fuel Consumption Vs. Speed

Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between engine speed and fuel consumption at three
settings: 1300, 2000, and 3000 RPM. The graph displays fuel consumption (ranging from 5.6 to
12) on the y-axis against engine speed on the x-axis. It also depicts the fluctuation of the heat of
combustion with engine speed. This understanding is crucial for optimizing engine performance,
offering valuable insights into combustion efficiency and power generation across different
operating speeds.
 Heat of Combustion Vs. Speed
7000

Heat of Combustion
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 5: Heat of Combustion Vs. Speed

At each of the preset RPM levels (1300, 2000, and 3000 RPM), the graph depicts the heat
of combustion as 5070, 6630, and 3120 units, respectively. This visual representation helps to
observe how the heat of combustion varies with engine speed. The data indicates that the heat of
combustion peaks at 2000 RPM (6630 units) and is lowest at 3000 RPM (3120 units). This
suggests there might be an optimal engine speed for maximizing combustion efficiency,
approximately around 2000 RPM. The insights provided by Figure 5 are crucial for analyzing the
engine's performance across different conditions and can assist in optimizing its overall
efficiency.

DPT1 Engine Air & Exhaust

Exhaust Gas Temperature vs. Speed

350
300
250
200
150
Temperature
Exhaust Gas

100
50
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 6: Exhaust Gas Temperature Vs. Speed

 Figure 6 illustrates the relationship between exhaust gas temperature and engine speed,
with data points representing three different speeds: 1300 RPM, 2000 RPM, and 3000 RPM. The
vertical axis displays exhaust gas temperature readings. At 1300 RPM, the temperature is
recorded as 227 units, increasing to 309 units at 2000 RPM, and slightly decreasing to 231 units
at 3000 RPM. This graph visually demonstrates how exhaust gas temperature changes with
engine speed, providing insight into engine performance across different operating conditions.

Airbox Differential Pressure vs Speed

0
Airbox Differential Pressure (Pa)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
-300
-350
-400
-450
Speed (rpm)

Figure 7: Airbox Differential Pressure Vs. Speed

At 1300 RPM, the airbox differential pressure measures approximately -66 Pa. As engine
speed increases to 2000 RPM, the pressure drops significantly to around -154 Pa. Finally, at the
maximum speed of 3000 RPM, the pressure decreases even further to approximately -391 Pa.
This graph demonstrates the inverse correlation between engine speed and airbox differential
pressure. As speed rises, pressure decreases, suggesting an increased rate of air intake into the
engine. Conversely, as speed decreases, pressure rises, indicating a reduced air intake rate.
 DTS2 Engine Torque & Speed

Torque Vs. Speed

10

6
Torque

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 8: Torque Vs. Speed

Figure 8 displays the relationship between torque and engine speed at three different
points: 1300 RPM, 2000 RPM, and 3000 RPM. At 1300 RPM, the torque is depicted as 7.9 Nm,
indicating the engine's rotational force at that speed. Similarly, at 2000 RPM, the torque remains
constant at
7.9 Nm, showing consistent rotational force generation as speed increases. However, around
3000 RPM, torque notably decreases to 5.1 Nm, signifying a reduction in the engine's ability to
generate rotational force with increased speed.

Power Vs. Speed

2000

1500
Power

1000

500

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 9: Power Vs. Speed

Figure 9 illustrates the relationship between power output and engine speed, measured
in watts (W) and revolutions per minute (RPM). At 1300 RPM, the engine generates 1080.3
watts, showcasing its performance at low rotational speeds. As speed increases to 2000 RPM,
power
output significantly rises to 1598.783 watts, highlighting the engine's capability to deliver higher
power levels at a moderate pace. However, at 3000 RPM, power output slightly decreases to
1544.267 watts, suggesting a potential threshold where further increases in speed may not
significantly enhance power output, possibly due to mechanical constraints or inefficiencies.

GENERAL CALCULATED PARAMETERS

Thermal Effciency vs. Speed

60
50
Thermal Efficiency

40
30
20
10
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 10: Thermal Efficiency Vs. Speed

Figure 10 illustrates the correlation between thermal efficiency and engine speed,
presenting data points for 1300, 2000, and 3000 RPM. At 1300 RPM, thermal efficiency stands
at 21.30283%, indicating fuel energy conversion into mechanical work with some heat loss. As
speed increases to 2000 RPM, thermal efficiency improves to 24.11517%, suggesting enhanced
engine performance in utilizing fuel energy for work. At the highest speed tested, 3000 RPM,
thermal efficiency peaks at 49.49567%, showcasing optimal engine performance with minimal
energy wastage as heat. Overall, the graph depicts a positive association between engine speed and
thermal efficiency, underscoring the engine's ability to operate more effectively at higher speeds
by converting more fuel energy into useful work while minimizing heat waste.
 Volumetric Efficiency vs. Speed
73

Volumetric Effciency
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Speed

Figure 11: Volumetric Efficiency Vs. Speed

Figure 11 displays the relationship between engine speed and volumetric efficiency. At
1300 RPM, the engine achieves a volumetric efficiency of 72.23%, indicating effective air intake
relative to its maximum potential. However, as speed increases to 2000 RPM, volumetric
efficiency decreases to 66.32%, suggesting a less efficient air intake process compared to lower
speeds. Subsequently, at 3000 RPM, there is a slight improvement in volumetric efficiency to
72.11%, although it still does not match the efficiency observed at 1300 RPM. This data
highlights the influence of engine speed on volumetric efficiency, providing crucial insights into
the engine's overall performance and efficiency across varying operational speeds.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

The experiment validated methods for assessing engine performance and provided valuable
insights into its functionality. Analyzing data from various tests revealed key factors influencing
engine performance. Moving forward, evaluating the engine's emissions will enhance our
understanding of its environmental footprint. Additionally, conducting tests at various speeds will
ensure the precision of our findings and deepen our comprehension of the engine's behavior across
different scenarios.