How Hydra Engine Starts
Pre start inspection & checklist
Clean the working area
Check oil level
Check coolant level
Pre engine startup
Connect power unit using main power plug (5 pins).
Turn on the power unit using on/off lever(red).
Open the door of instrumentation cubicle and turn on the input power circuit breaker.
Press the orange ‘reset’ button on the power unit.
Press the green ‘accept’ button and then yellow ‘reset’ button on Manual Control Station.
Turn on the computer and login to “Hydra” profile with password “hydra”.
Open the autotest program and login as “student”, password “auto”.
Select test group from the menu bar and go to GASOLINE_4V.
Select run test from menubar and click start.
Follow instructions of test interface (do not click on start engine).
Click Manual Interrupt Button (hand icon) until the window appears.
Select the digital output (flashing red icon) to open the menu.
Click, hold it and drag it downwards to increase the size of window so that more options appear.
Engine startup Procedure
After clicking Digital output (flashing red icon), turn on the components in following sequence.
Dynamometer run
Oil pump
Throttle actuator
Coolant pump
Fuel pump
Dynamometer motor
Dynamometer absorb
Then bring manual interrupt window to front and set the following sequence
Page01: Dyno speed demand = 1200rpm
Page02: Injection period = 0ms (i.e. 10ms) and ignition timing control = 14 BTDC
Page04: Throttle position control = 100% (WOT)
Bring the digital output window to front and turn on the following componenets
ignition
fuel injection
fuel solenoid
As the engine starts, turn off the dynamometer motor from the Digital output window.
Gradually set different dyno speed demand with variation in ignition timing, injection period
and throttle position.
Turn on the water motor located behind the service module to control the temp of coolant.
Engine turn off steps
Bring the manual interrupt window to the front
Page01: Dyno speed demand = 0
Bring the Digital output window to front and turn off the components in the following sequence
fuel injection
fuel solenoid
ignition
fuel pump
coolant pump
oil pump (before turning it off, make sure the engine has fully stopped)
Dynamometer run
Then close the ‘Digital output window’ window.
Exit Manual interrupt
Select Quit displayed at the bottom of test interface and exit autotest
Turn off the water motor
Turn off UPS from Instrumentation Cubicle and turn off input power circuit breaker.
Objective
Measure fuel flow rate and calculate bsfc for a given brake power level (such as 4.5hp) in SI/CI engine.
Theory
Fuel flow rate is the volume of fuel consumed per unit time.
Bsfc is the rate of fuel consumption divided by the power produced.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑚̇
𝑏𝑠𝑓𝑐 = 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒
=
𝑃𝑏
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Engine:
Manufacturer Ricardo, UK (Cussons Technology)
Type 4-stroke, single cylinder
Displacement 450cc
Observations
Ambient temperature: 24℃
Date of Experiment: 02-Jan-2024 Humidity: 27%
Engine Load: 96%
Engine Speed: 1200rpm, 1400rpm, 1600rpm Piston Stroke: 80.90mm
Cylinder Bore: 80.26mm Volume of fuel: 100ml
Mass of fuel: volume x density
0.1L x 0.75kg/L
0.075kg
Obs. N Time (s) Torque Power Fuel flow rate Specific fuel
(rpm) t1 t2 Mean (t) (Nm) (Watt) (kg/s) consumption
(kg/J)
1. 1200 156 169 162.5 19.51 2451.7 4.62x10-4 1.88x10-7
2. 1400 87 106 95 20.41 2992.3 7.89x10-4 2.63x10-7
3. 1600 113 127 120 20.89 3500.2 6.25x10-4 2.25x10-7
Calculations
Power (2𝜋𝑁𝑇)
1200
= 2𝜋 ( ) (19.51) =
2451.7
1200rpm
60
1400
= 2𝜋 ( ) (20.41) =
2992.3
1400rpm
60
1600
= 2𝜋 ( ) (20.89) =
3500.2 60
1600rpm
0.075
Fuel flow rate
= = 4.62 ×
10−4
1200rpm
162.5
0.075
= = 7.89 ×
10−4
1400rpm
95
0.075
= = 6.25 ×
10−4
1600rpm
120
Specific Fuel Consumption
4.62 × 10−4
= −7 = 1.88 ×
10
1200rpm
2451.7 −4
7.89 × 10
= −7 = 2.63 ×
10
1400rpm
2992.3
6.25 × 10−4
= −7 = 2.25 ×
10
1600rpm
3500.2
Result:
sfc at 1200rpm is 1.88x10-7kg/J.
sfc at 1400rpm is 2.63x10-7kg/J.
sfc at 1600rpm is 2.25x10-7kg/J.
