Wireless Communications and

Mobile Computing
Chapter One: Introduction
What is computer networking
What is data communication
What are the transition medias
What is wireless means?
What mean Communication?
What is mobile computing?
Network and internet
 Cont…
A computer network is a system in which a
number of independent computers are linked
together to share data and peripherals, such as
files and printers.
Data communication is the process of
transmitting and receiving data in an orderly
way.
Data transmission is the process of conveying
data between two points by way of a
communication medium. A wide variety of media
are available :
 Bounded media confine the data to specific physical pathways.
Common examples of bounded media are wire and optical fiber
cables.
 unbounded media transmit the data-carrying signal through
space, independent of a cable. Broadcast radio and television are
examples of unbounded media
 Cont…
 Wired Networks: term "wired" is used to
differentiate between wireless connections and those
that involve cables.

 A wired setup uses physical cables to transfer data

between different devices and computer systems.

 Most wired networks use Ethernet cables to transfer

data between connected PCs.

 In a small wired network, a single router may be used to

connect all the computers.

 Larger networks often involve multiple routers or

switches that connect to each other.
Wireless Network:
wireless network refers to the use of infrared or radio
frequency signals to share information and resources
between devices.
Many types of wireless devices are available today
mobile terminals
pocket size PCs
handheld PCs
Laptops
cellular phone
PDAs,
Wireless sensors
and satellite receivers, among others.
 What is Wireless Communication ?
Transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves
in open space (atmosphere)

Electromagnetic waves

Travel at speed of light (c = 3x108 m/s)

Has a frequency (f) and wavelength (l)

c = fx l

Higher frequency means higher energy photons

The higher the energy photon the more

penetrating is the radiation
 What is Wireless Communication?
Wireless communications is a type of data
communication that is performed and delivered
wirelessly.
Wireless communication has various forms, technology
and delivery methods including:

 Satellite communication
 Mobile communication
 Wireless network communication
 Infrared communication
 Bluetooth communication
 What is Wireless Communication ?
Some of the devices used for wireless communication
are :

 cordless telephones,

 mobiles,

 GPS units,

 wireless computer parts, and

 satellite television
 Types of Wireless Communication

Cellular Wireless Computer Network Radio Service

 History of Wireless Communications:
Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in 1896
◦ Communication by encoding alphanumeric characters in
analog signal
◦ Sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean
1914 – first voice communication over radio waves
Communications satellites launched in 1960s
Advances in wireless technology
◦ Radio, television, mobile telephone,communication
satellites
More recently
◦ Satellite communications, wireless networking, cellular
technology
 Cont...
1983 - Federal Communications Commission. (FCC)
allocates spectrum for analog cellular service (AMPS)

1990 – Global System (or Standard) for Mobile(GSM)

digital cellular service introduced in Europe

1995 - FCC auctions new Personal Communication

Service (PCS) licenses in U.S. for digital services

1998 - 40 million cellular phone users in U.S.

2000 - In some countries, mobile users outnumber
conventional wireline customers
COMPARISONS OF WIRED A N D WIRELESS NETWORKS
Installation

Wired Networks:
Difficult to moderate (Because More no. of components
are used during installation

require cables to be connected to each and every

computer in the network

Wireless Networks:
Easy installation (neat and clean, no untidy cables are used
in this)
 Cont…
Visibility Node to Node on samenetwork

Wired Networks:
All of the nodes on a wired network can hear all other
nodes

Wireless Networks:
Many nodes on a wireless network cannot hear all of
the other wireless nodes on the same network
 Cont…
Visibility Network toNetwork

Wired Networks:

Networks are invisible to other wired networks.

The presence of one wired network has no effect on
the performance of another wired network

Wireless Networks:

Wireless networks are often visible to other wireless

networks.
One wireless network can affect the performance of
other wireless networks.
 Cont…
Time to installation
Wired Networks:
More (due to connection of each and every computer in the
network)
Wireless Networks:
Less (no untidy cable connections involves in this)

cost
Wired Networks:
Less (such Ethernet, cables, switches are not expensive)
Wireless Networks:
More (wireless adapters and access points are quite
expensive )
 Cont…

User connectivity
Wired Networks:
Connectivity is possible only to or from those physical
locations where the network cabling extends

Wireless Networks:
Connectivity is possible anywhere with out physical
cable attachment
 Cont…
Mobility
Wired Networks:
Limited (because it operates only on a connected
computers linked with the network)

Wireless Networks:
Outstanding (enable wireless user to connect to
network and communicate with other users anytime,
anywhere)
 Cont…
Reliability
Wired Networks:
High (Ethernet cables, switches are reliable because
manufactures have improving technology over several
decades)

Wireless Networks:
Reasonably high( because if the major section like
router break down the whole network will be affected)
 Cont…
Speed and Bandwidth
Wired Networks:
High: Up to 100 mbps
Wireless Networks:

Low: Up to 54 mbps( depends upon standards 802.11g)

Cables
Wired Networks:
Ethernet, copper and optical fibers
Wireless Networks:

Works on radio waves and microwaves

 Cont…
Hubs and switches
Wired Networks:

Need hubs and switches for connections

Wireless Networks:

No need of hubs and switches

Security
Wired Networks:
Good (by using some software like free wall software etc.)

Wireless Networks:

Weak (because wireless communication signals travel through the

air and can easily be intercepted but it can improve by encryption
technique)
 Cont…
Types
Wired Networks:

Local Area Network(LAN)

Metropolitan Area network(MAN)

Wide AreaNetwork

Wireless Networks:

[Link] Network Formation andArchitecture:

• Infra structure based network

• Infra structure less (ad hoc) network

 Cont…
2. By communication coverage area
Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN)

Wireless metropolitan Area network(WMAN)

Wireless Wide Area Network(WWAN)

Wireless Personal Area Network(WPAN)

3. AccessTechnology

GSM Network

TDMA Networks

C D M A Networks
 Cont…
4. Satellite Networks
Wi-Fi (802.11) Networks
Hyperlan2 Networks
Bluetooth Networks

Standards
Wired Networks:
802.3
Wireless Networks:
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
 Cont…
Signal Loss And Fading
Wired Networks:
Less( because in the wired connections interference will be less)

Wireless Networks:

Wireless networks are often visible to other wireless networks.

Interference
Wired Networks:
Less (Networks are invisible to other wired networks. The
presence of one wired network has no effect on the performance
of another wired network)
 Cont …
Interference
Wireless Networks:
Higher (the potential for radio interference due to weather,
other wireless devices, or obstructions like walls)
Wireless Applications (Services)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Wireless Communication
Advantages:

◦ mobility
◦ a wireless communication network is a solution in areas where
cables are impossible to install (e.g. hazardous areas, long
distances etc.)

◦ easier to maintain
Communication has enhanced to convey the information quickly
to the consumers.

Working professionals can work and access Internet anywhere

and anytime without carrying cables or wires wherever they go.

Wireless networks are cheaper to install and maintain

 Cont …
Disadvantages:

◦ has security vulnerabilities

◦ high costs for setting the infrastructure

◦ unlike wired comm., wireless comm. is influenced by physical
obstructions, climatic conditions, interference from other
wireless devices

Wireless network has led to many security threats to mankind.

It is very easy for the hackers to grab the wireless signals that are
spread in the air.

Strong security protocols must be created to secure the wireless

signals like (Wi Fi Protected Access)WPA and WPA2.
 Wireless and Mobile Communications

Definition of mobility:

◦ user mobility: users communicate anytime, anywhere,with

anyone
◦ device portability: devices can be connected anytime,
anywhere to the network

Definition of wireless:

◦ Un-tethered, no physical wire attachment

Applications Wireless and Mobile Communications

Vehicles
◦ transmission of news, road conditions, weather
◦ personal communication using cellular
◦ position identification via GPS
◦ inter vehicle communications for accident prevention
◦ vehicle and road inter communications for traffic control,
signaling, data gathering
◦ ambulances, police, etc.: early transmission of patient data
to the hospital, situation reporting

◦ entertainment: music,video
 Cont …
Mobile workers

◦ access to customer files and company documents stored in a central location

◦ collaborative work environments

◦ access to email and voice messages

Replacement of fixed networks

◦ remote sensors, e.g., weather, environment, roadconditions

◦ flexible work spaces

◦ LANs in legacy buildings

Entertainment, education,...

◦ outdoor Internet access

◦ intelligent travel guide with up-to-date
location dependent information

◦ ad-hoc networks for

multi user games
 Cont…
Health Care Applications and Services

Financial Information and Services

Educational Opportunities

Community Empowerment

Connection any time, any where

Television Remote Control

Wireless mouse & keyboard

Wi-Fi

Security systems

CellularTelephone

Wireless energy transfer

Computer Interface Devices

 Mobile Devices
Pager PDA Laptop
• receive only • simple graphical displays • fully functional
• tiny displays • character recognition • standard applications
•simple text • simplifiedW W W
messages

Sensors,
embedded
controllers

Mobile phones Palmtop

• voice,data • tiny keyboard
• simple text displays • simple versions
of standard applications

performance
Thank you!