MATH IN ENGLISH GRADE 3

PATTERNS
UNIT 6 AND
RELATIONS

Unit out come

 At the end of this unit students will be able to:
 Define pattern and describe the types
Identify the relationship of the continues pattern
Predict the next element in a given pattern

INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is all about numbers. It involves the study of different patterns. There
are different types of patterns, such as number patterns, image patterns, logic
patterns, word patterns etc. Number patterns are very common in Mathematics.
Number patterns are everywhere in Mathematics. Number patterns are all
predictions. In this unit, we will discuss what is a pattern and different types of
patterns and solve problem involving patterns.

6.1 Definition of pattern in math

In Note:
Mathematics,
- A patternaispattern is aarrangement
a repeated repeated arrangement
of numbers, of numbers,
shapes shapes, and colors
or colors.
so on. The Pattern can be related to any type
- Each element of a pattern is called a term. of event or object. If the set of numbers
are related
- A to each can
pattern other
be in a specific
constant rule,increase
without then the or rule or manner is called a pattern.
decrease.
Sometimes, patterns
- A pattern canare also known
be increasing likeas a 2,
0, 1, sequence.
3, 4, . . . Patterns are finite or infinite in
numbers. Finite patterns have limited terms
- A pattern can be decreasing like 1000, 900, while
800, infinite
700, 600,patterns
... have unlimited
pattern.

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Examples

1. In a sequence 2,4,6,8, . . . each number is increasing by 2. So, the next number will
be 8 + 2 = 10.

2. Pattern of balls

We can easily identify the relationship of one to the other. The sequence increases by
2. To get every next number, we add 2.

1st term = 1, 2nd term = 3 = 1 + 2, 3rd term = 5 = 3 + 2, 4th term = 7 = 5 + 2 etc

So, the pattern of this arrangement is 1, 3, 5, 7, …

3. Even numbers pattern -: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1, 14, 16, 18, …

4. Odd numbers pattern -: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, …

5. What figure comes next in the figure pattern given below.

Here, we see that the figure pattern shows square, Triangle, circle, square, Triangle,
circle, then comes again square.

6. Decreasing pattern: 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, . . .

7. Constant pattern: 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, . . . or 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, . . .

8. Finite pattern: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6 or 100, 110, 120, 130 or 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . 100

9. Infinite pattern: 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . or 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, . . . or 9, 14, 19,

24, 29, 32, 39, . . .

6.1.1 Progressive and Reducing Patterns

Activity 1: Identify the following sequences as Progressive or Reducing

a) 1,4,7,10, … b) 8, 7, 6, 5, 4,.. c) 1, 4, 9, 16, …

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 Definition:

 If every next term is greater than the previous term in a pattern, then it is called
growing pattern or progressive pattern.
 If every next term is less than the previous term in a pattern, then it is called
reducing pattern or decreasing sequence..
 If all the terms of a sequence are equal, the it is called constant sequence.

Example1

From the above pattern, we see that 1 st term is 25, 2nd term is 25 + 1 = 26, 3 rd term is
26 + 2 = 28, 4th term is 28 +3 = 31, 5 th term is 31+4 = 35, 6 th term is 35+5 = 40. So,
the pattern of the sequence is 25, 26, 28, 31, 35, 40. This is a growing sequence.

Example 2. Look at the sequence 12, 9, 6, 3, 0. It decreases by 3.

1st term is 12, 2nd term is 12 - 3 = 9, 3 rd term is 9 - 3 = 6, 4 th term is 6 - 3 = 3, 5 th

term is 3 – 3 = 0. (12>9>6>3>0). It is reducing pattern.

Example 3: Find the missing numbers in the pattern.

a) 12, 13, 15, 18, ________ b) 20, 16, 12, 8, _______

Solution

a) 12, 13, 15, 18, ________ In this pattern, the differences of the consecutive terms
are growing.

12 +1 =13, 13 + 2 = 15, 15 + 3 = 18. (The pattern rule is +1, +2, +3, +4, and so on) the
next term is obtained by adding 4. 18 +4 = 22. Therefore, the answer is 22.

b) 20, 16, 12, 8, _______ In this pattern, we see that the 2 nd term decreases by 4, the
3rd decreases by 4 again. 20 - 4 =16,16 - 4 = 12, 12 - 4 = 8 (The pattern rule is – 4 )
the next term is obtained by subtracting 4 from 8. 8 - 4 = 4. Therefore, the answer is
4.

Example 4: Complete the pattern, 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, ____a___, 80, 99, ____b___,
143.

Solution

Consider the terms of the pattern and study the relationships between two consecutive
terms. Here 1st term is 0 = 1 x 1 – 1, 2 nd term is 3 = 2 x 2 – 1, 3 rd term is 8 = 3 x 3 – 1,
4th term is 4 x 4 – 1 = 15, etc. Now a = 8 th term which is, a = 8 x 8 – 1 = 63 and b = 11 th
term which is b = 11 x 11 - 1 = 120. Therefore a = 63 and b = 120
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I. Identify the following patterns as Growing or Reducing patterns.

a) 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77᎐᎐᎐

b) 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, …

c) 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90 ᎐᎐᎐᎐

d) 1, 3, 6, 10, 15 ᎐᎐᎐᎐

e) 11, 17, 23, 21, 18,15.

II. Find the missing term in each of the sequences.

a) (1, 7), (3, 21), (5, 35), (_____, _____).

b) 90, 85, 100, 95, 110, _____, _____.

c) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, _____, _____.

d) A, AB, ABC, ABCD, _____, _____.

e) 180, 150, 120, _____, _____.

f) Blue, red, black, red, black, blue, __________

g) 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, _______, 41, _______, ________

h) 169, 144, 121, _______, _______, 49, 36, 25, ______, ______, 1

i) 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ________, _______, 122, 145, 170, _______, ________,
_________ (Hint: The term is n x n + 1 for n position term)

j) (a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3), (d, 4), (e, 5), (f, 6), _________, (h, 8), (i, 9), (j, 10), ________,
________, ________, (n, 14), (o, 15), ________.

III. Choose the right answer to complete the series.

1. 25, 35, 45, ____, 65, 75.

A) 15 B) 40 C) 55 D) 85

2. 8, 28, 48, _____ , 88.

A) 38 B) 68 C) 78 D) 98

3. 3, 6, 9, 12, ____ , 18, 21.

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A) 10 B) 15 C) 17 D) 24

4. 1, 2, 4, 8, _____ , 32, 64.

A) 30 B) 35 C) 45 D) 16

5. 10, 100, _____ , 10000, 100000

A) 1000 B) 2000 C) 1000000 D) 10000000

6.2 Determining the Rule of Pattern of Progressive figure Patterns

Activity 6.2

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 Definition:

A growing or progressive pattern is a pattern that increases with every new unit by
adding something to its previous shape or size.

Example 1. Let us consider the following pattern and answer questions that
follow.

1. what is the rule of the sequence?

2. what is the fifth term in the pattern?

Answer

1. when a term is doubled, we get the next term, The rule of the pattern is doubling or
making twice.

2. Following the pattern, 1, 2x1, 2x2,4x2, 8x2, 16x2 ,….., The fifth term is 16.

Example 2. Look at the pattern of figures shown below and answer the questions that
follow.

1. How many boxes will be in the 5th term?

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2. Show the fifth term boxes by drawing it.

Answer

1. This can be shown as 1st term is 1, 2nd term is 1 + 2 = 3, 3rd term is 3 + 3 = 6, 4th
term is 6 + 4 = 10, 5th term is 10 + 5 = 15 and so on. So, the 5th term is 15.

2. The fifth term in figure is drawn as

1. Answer the following questions by referring the geometric

patterns given below.

i) How many boxes will the 4th element have?

ii) Show the 4th geometric figure by drawing it.

3. Draw the picture that comes next in each growing pattern.

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6.3 Repeating patterns
Repeating pattern is made up of numbers or shapes that repeat over again
and again.

A repeating pattern has two parts, the core of pattern and the steps.

Illustration and Examples:

Example 1. Look at the pattern 1313131313131313 ….. this is a repeating

pattern. The pattern core is 13 and the steps continue without end.

Example 2. Look at the pattern, The pattern core is shown, The core is
repeated in two steps.

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Example 3. Circle the core in each of the following repeating patterns.

a)

b) 120312031203120312031203…

c)

d)

Answer

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Example 4. Draw a repeating pattern with three steps from the pattern core
given.

a) 282 ______ _______ _________

b) AB1C _____ ________ ________

c)

d)

Answer ( each is done by repeating the core)

a) 282282282282

b) AB1C AB1C AB1C AB1C

c)

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d)

I. Circle the core in each of the repeating patterns

a)

b) ACDTTACDTTACDTTACDTT

c)

d) 101001101001101001101001

2. Complete the missing term in each pattern.

a) 11 12 13 __15 16 __18

b) 20 30 ____ 50 ___70___

c) 4 7 10 ___ 16 ____22

d) 4 5 7 14 19 25 ___

e) 25 35 _____ 55 65 75

3. How many points will the 6th item contain in the series?

_____________
_____

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6.3.1 Predicting formula from pattern rule of number
pattern
Example1. Suggest the formula and write the 20th item of the series:

1020 304050….

Solution:

10 = 10 x 1, 20 = 10 x 2, 30 = 10 x 3, 40 = 10 x 4 , the rule for the nth

item is n times 10. Our formulais 10× n. So, the 20th item is 20 times 10
=200.

Example1. Suggest the formula and write the 100th item of the series:

4 8 12 16 20 ᎐ ᎐ .

Solution:

4 = 4 x 1, 8 = 4 x 2, 12 = 4 x 3, 16 = 4 x 4, 20 = 4 x 5 and the rule for the

nth item is n times 4. Our f ormula is 4 × n. So, the 100th item is 4 times 100 =
400.

Activity 6.3.1
Complete the missing items in each pattern

a) 0 3 6 9 12 ______ _____ ________

b) 4 9 14 19 24 _____ _______ _______

c) 5 10 20 40 80 _____ ______ _______

6.5 Problems Related with Patterns

You remember that you learned different types of patterns such as
arithmetic, Geometric( growing) and Repeating patterns. Now, we will
solve application problems that involve the concept of patterns.

Problem 1. A taxi driver saves Birr 300 every day. How much money will
save in total after 5 days?

Solution

1st day he saves 300

The 2nd day he adds more 300 and become 300 +300= 600
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The 3rd day he adds more 300 and become 600 +300= 900

The 4th day he adds more 300 and become 900 +300= 1200

The 5th day he adds more 300 and become 1200 +300= 1500

Therefore, the amount saved in five days is Birr 1500.

Problem 2.

Mrs. Hana brought banana, orange and mango to class. She wants to
give the fruits keeping the order of their roll numbers as in the pattern
below.

Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
s roll no
Fruit banan mang orang orang banan mang orang orang
given a o e e a o e e
th
a) If the 10 roll number is Hikma, what fruit will she get?

b) If the 16th roll number is Sisay, what fruit will he get?

Solution

According to the pattern core =BMOO, we can make repeating pattern

as BMOO BMOO BMOO BMOO BMOO BMOO BMOO BMOO

a) The 10th roll number will get Mango.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B M O O B M O O B M

b) The 16th roll number will get Orange

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

O O B M O O B M O O

Problem 3
Maria went out to her garden and cut 2 roses from the first rose bush, 4 roses from
the second rose bush, 8 roses from the third rose bush, and 16 roses from the fourth
rose bush. If this pattern continues, how many roses will Maria cut from the fifth rose
bush?

A) 24 B) 36 c) 32 D) 48

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Solution

First, look for a pattern. Notice how the amount increases by 2 each
time.

2, 4, 8, 16, ?

x2 x2 x2

Multiply 16 by 2 to get the next number:

2, 4, 8, 16, 32

x2 x2 x2 x2
Maria will cut 32 roses in the fifth rose bush.

Problem 4

The flower shop displays a different number of roses in the front window
every month. It displayed 2 roses in January, 4 roses in February, 8
roses in March, 14 roses in April, and 22 roses in May. If this pattern
continues, how many roses will the flower shop window display in June?
A) 36 B) 42 c) 32 D) 48

Solution

First, look for a pattern. Notice how the amount increases by 2 each
time.

2, 4, 8, 14, 22, ?

+2 +4 +6 +8

Add 10 to find the next number:

2, 4, 8, 14, 22, 32

+2 +4 +6 +8 + 10
The flower shop window will display 32 roses in June. Answer: C

Solve the following word problems

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1. Ato Aden saves Birr 25 every day. How much money will he collect in 10 days?

2. Sara put 50 coins in the first piggy bank, 60 coins in the second piggy bank, 70
coins in the third piggy bank, and 80 coins in the fourth piggy bank. If this pattern
continues, how many coins will Sara put in the fifth piggy bank?

3. Iman is reviewing her cell phone bill. When she gets to the text message she notices
that she sent 4 text messages in June, 12 text messages in July, 36 text messages in
August, 108 text messages in September, and 324 text messages in October. If this
pattern continues, how many text messages will Iman send in November?

4. Last year, Dodo workshop ordered 30 hammers in March, 42 hammers in April, 54

hammers in May, and 66 hammers in June. If this pattern continues, how many
hammers will the store order in July?

 a pattern is a repeated arrangement of numbers, shapes,

colors and so on.
 The Pattern can be related to any type of event or object.
 If the set of numbers are related to each other in a specific
rule, then the rule or manner is called a pattern
 If every next term is greater than the previous term in a
pattern, then it is called Growing pattern or progressive
pattern.
 If every next term is less than the previous term in a pattern,
then it is called Reducing pattern or decreasing sequence..
 A growing geometric pattern is a pattern that increases with
every new unit by adding something to its previous shape or
size.
 Repeating pattern is made up of numbers or shapes that
repeat over again and again.
 A repeating pattern has two parts, the core of pattern and the
steps.
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Review Questions
I. Write true or False
____1. ABBABABBABBABB shows pattern.
____2. 12 14 16 18 is obtained by the rule add 2.
____3. Every number pattern is a progressive pattern.
____4. 1203120312031203 is a repeating pattern.
____5. The core of the pattern ABDDABDDABDDABDD is ABD.
II. Choose the correct Answer
___1. Which number completes the sequence 22, 33, 44,
55,
A. 56 B. 46 C. 66 D. 59

___2. Which number comes next? 24, 28, 32, 36, 40

A. 40 B. 44 C. 41 D. 48

___3. What is the missing number in this pattern? 7, 9, , 13

A. 11 B. 12 C. 15 D. 10
___4.What are the next 3 numbers in the pattern?
5, 7, 9, 11

A. 12, 14, 16 C. 12, 13, 14

B. 13, 14, 15 D. 13, 15, 17

___5. Which pattern matches?

A.

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B.

____6. Nardos is thinking of a number pattern. The first four numbers in her
pattern are 5, 10, 15, and 20. What is the rule?
A. multiply by 2
B. Add 5
C. Subtract 4
D. Add 10

_____10. Which shape goes next?

A. Apple
B. Baseball
C. Hat
____11. Sally wrote the following pattern: 28, 25, 23, 28, ____, 23, _____, 25,23
What numbers are missing?
A. 23 and 25
B. 28 and 25
C. 25 and 28
D. 28 and 23

_____12. Which pattern matches?

A.

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B.

III. Fill in the blank spaces in each pattern.

1. 21, 24, , , 33,
2. is an ordered set of numbers or objects. The order helps
you predict what will come next.
3. In the pattern, M M N O O M M N O O M M N O O, the core is ___________
4. The next picture that comes in

is ______________
5. Emanda draws 6 stars, 10 stars, 14 stars, then 18 stars. Next she will draw ____
stars.
IV. Answer each the following questions.
1. Look for a pattern. Use the pattern to find the missing numbers.
5, 10, 15,
20, , , ,

2. draw the picture that comes next in the pattern.

__________
3. Mohammed finished the race in 10 minutes on Monday. On Tuesday he finished
the race in 9 minutes. The next day, he finished in eight minutes. If the
pattern continues, when will he finish the race in 7 minutes?

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