UNIT 3: GETTING THE WORK DONE
1. Self-actualization (n). (UK usually self-actualisation) /ˌself ˌæktʃuələˈzeɪʃn/
a person's desire to use all their abilities to achieve and be everything that they possibly can.
Ex: Self-actualization doesn’t involve perfection or things always going smoothly.
Synonym: self-realization
Family word: self-actualize (v)
2. Egoistic (adj) /ˌiː.ɡəʊˈɪs.tɪk/
considering yourself to be better or more important than other people
Ex: He is portrayed as a handsome young man, but has a rather cocky and egoistic personality.
Family word: ego (n) UK /ˈiː.ɡəʊ/
3. Decentralization (n) (UK usually decentralisation) /ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
the act or process of moving the control of an organization or government from a single place to
several smaller ones
Ex: The group works for a number of social objectives, including the decentralization of
government.
Family word: decentralize (v) /ˌdiːˈsen.trə.laɪz/
4. Obstacle (n) /ˈɒbstəkl/
a situation, an event,... that makes it difficult for you to do or achieve something
Ex: A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job.
Synonym: hindrance
5. implement (v) /ˈɪmplɪment/
to make something that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
Ex: A new work programme for young people will be implemented.
Synonym: carry out
implementation (n)
6. delegation (n) /ˌdelɪˈɡeɪʃn/
- a group of people who represent the views of an organization, a country, etc.
Ex: The government invited an international delegation to inspect the plant.
- the process of giving somebody work or responsibilities that would usually be yours
Ex: All managers should learn effective delegation.
7. commitment (n) /kə'mitmənt/
a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support
somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself
Ex : Players must make a commitment to play for a full season.
8. enlargement (n) /ɪnˈlɑːdʒmənt/
the process or result of something becoming or being made larger
Ex : The meeting discussed the planned enlargement of the company's processing capacity.
9. subordinate (n) /səˈbɔːdɪnət/
a person who has a less important position than you in an organization
Ex : He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates.
10. Unleash (v)
/ʌnˈliːʃ/
to suddenly release a violent force that cannot be controlled
Ex: The main task of the management is to unleash the potential in the employees.
11. Output (n) (v) /ˈaʊt.pʊt/
- the amount that is produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc
Ex: The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day.
- to supply or produce information, results, etc.
Ex: Computers can now output data much more quickly.
12. self-direction (n) /ˌself.daɪˈrek.ʃən/
the ability to make your own decisions and organize your own work rather than being told what to do
by other people
Ex: All students have the right to participate in activities that promote self-direction and self-
development.
13. productivity (n) /ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ə.ti/
the rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced,
compared with how much time, work and money is needed to produce them
Ex: Studies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.
Family words: produce (n, v), product (n), productive
14. efficiency (n) /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/
the quality of doing something well with no waste of time or money
Ex: The company says it wants to improve working conditions, increase efficiency, and generally
make the more profitable.
15. subsistence (n) /səbˈsɪstəns/
the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive
Ex: Most enterprises are small, micro and individual ones, including subsistence jobs like street
vendors.
16. Physiological
UK /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ US /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
Relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work.
Ex: The physiological effects of space travel
17. Motivation /ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
Enthusiasm for doing something.
Ex: There seems to be a lack of motivation among the employees.
Synonym: Incentive.
18. Intrinsic extrinsic
- intrinsic (adj) /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/
belonging to or part of the real nature of something/somebody
Ex: the intrinsic value of education
- extrinsic (adj) /ekˈstrɪn.zɪk/
coming from or existing outside somebody/something rather than within them
Ex: She was motivated by the idea of extrinsic rewards such as salary rather than intrinsic ones such as
pride and self-respect.
- intrinsic motivation extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation comes from an internal desire to accomplish a goal.
Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards and praise.
19. Morale (n)
UK /məˈrɑːl/ US /məˈræl/
the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or
difficult situation
Ex : A couple of victories would improve the team's morale enormously.
Synonyms : spirit
20. Security (n) /sɪˈkjʊə.rə.ti/
mean 1 :protection of a person, building, organization, or country against threats such as crime or
attacks by foreign countries
Ex: The students were deported because they posed a threat to national security
mean 2: the assurance an emplyee has that they can continue working their current job for the
foreseeable future
ex: One way to improve job security is to develop in-demand skills
Synonyms : safety
21. Roadmap (n) /ˈroʊdˌmæp/
A high-level plan that outlines the key steps needed to achieve a specific goal.
Ex : The government created a roadmap to reduce carbon emissions
Synonyms: plan, strategy
22. Autocratic
UK /ˌɔː.təˈkræt.ɪk/ US /ˌɑː.t̬ əˈkræt̬ .ɪk/
Demanding that people obey completely, without asking or caring about anyone else's opinions.
Ex: The president resigned after 30 years of autocratic rule.
Opposite: Democratic
23. well-being /ˌwelˈbiː.ɪŋ/
the state of feeling healthy and happy
Ex: People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.
Synonym: Welfare
24. accomplish /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ/
to finish something successfully or to achieve something:
Ex: The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.
25. Authoritarian /ˌɔː.θɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
believing that people should obey authority and rules completely, even when these are unfair, and
even if it means that they lose their personal freedom.
Ex: My father was a real authoritarian so we were brought up very strictly.
Synonym: Autocratic
26. Belonging needs /bɪˈlɒŋ.ɪŋ nidz/
the desire for social relationships and being accepted by one’s colleagues
Ex: Many children who come from broken homes struggle with strong feelings of insecurity and
unfulfilled belonging needs
27. Prioritization /prɑɪˌɔr·ə·t̬ ɪˈzeɪ·ʃən/
the act of putting tasks, problems, etc. in order of importance, so that you can deal with the most
important first
Ex: There has to be a prioritization of projects.
Family word: Prioritize (v)
