TỪ VỰNG TATM

UNIT STT WORD MEANING EXAMPLE GHI CHÚ

1 1 Syn: Purchase Company A acquires
Acquire
2 To buy a business or property, or buy shares in a business company B.
He was a jounalist of
3 Integrity Syn: Honesty immense skills and
integrity.
4 Syn: Attractiveness
A leader should have
5 Charisma a special power that some people have naturally that makes them able to influence other people and attract their
the natural charisma.
6 attention and admiration
7 Visionary Having good vision Visionary thiking
8 Syn: single-minded
Determined
9 Focus on one goal
10 Consultant A person who provides expert advice to a company
11 Crisis A situation of danger or difficulty
12 Innovation A new idea or method
13 Objective Something you plan to do or achieve
14 Promotion When someone is raised to a higher or more important position
15 Public sector The section of the economy under government control
16 Strategy A plan for achieving success
Subordinate, inferior #
17 A person with a less important position in an organization
superordinate, superior
18 Resign to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving
19 Convert to (cause something or someone to) change in form or character
Allocate = distribute,
20 to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, to use in a particular way (Phân bổ)
appropriate, apportion
21 Add information
Modify
22 There is a girl in the room. -> There is a tall girl in the room -> “tall”: modifier
Motivate their morale =
23 Morale: the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation:
encourage their spirit
24 Management A group of managers
25 Replacement People substitute sick person
First of all, senior
26 Doubling Using 2 synonym words to emphasize the meaning
Revenue, turnover, profits, marketers and directors
27 the income that a government or company receives regularly
return on investments (ROI)
28 Remuneration = Syn: payment, stipend, salary
29 compensation Payment for work or services
30 Perks = fringe benefits Phúc lợi (free car, free computer, travelling fees…)
31 Commission Tiền hoa hồng
32 A person with direct managerial responsibility for a particular employee
Line manager
33 In univeristy: dean
relating to a system of controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by
34 Bureaucratic
a large number of officials:
35 Psychological well-being Cảm thấy hạnh phúc về mặt tinh thần
36 Realize to achieve something that you have wanted for a long time
Supervise = superintend =
37 to watch a person or activity and make certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc
oversee
38 Hierarchy a system or organization in which people or things are arranged according to their importance (thứ bậc)
39 Pursue to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch them
40 Job rotation:
41 + understand each other’s role and cooperate better
42 + renew the boredom
43 Rotation + realize the potential
44 But
45 + time consuming
46 + quality not confirmed
Idiom: Cook the books - to change numbers dishonestly in the accounts (= financial records) of an organization, especially
47 Audit
in order to steal money from it
48 Retain Retain staff: keep the employees so that they don’t leave the company
49 Incentive # discentive something that encourages a person to do something
50 Vice versa used to say that what you have just said is also true in the opposite order
51 Rectify to correct something or make something right
Draw on = capitalize on,
52 to use information or your knowledge of something to help you do something
make use of the final line in the accounts of a company or organization, stating the total profit or loss that has been made/ the lesson the
53 Bottom line
most important thing
54 Sanction a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey
55 Devise to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination
to get work done by making a contract with another company to do it, often in another country, rather than in your own
56 Outsource
company
57 Specialization a particular area of knowledge or the process of becoming an expert in a particular area:
Hierarchy or chain of The system of authority with different levels, one above the other, e.g a series of management positions whose holders can
58
command make decisions or give orders and instructions.
59 Function a specific activity in a company, e.g production, marketing, finance
60 Autonomous an autonomous organization, country, or region is independent and has the freedom to govern itself
61 Line authority the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command
62 To report to to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from them
63 To delegate to give someone else responsibility for doing sth instead of you
the main activity of the company, which must generate profitability and position itself in advantageous positions within the
64 Core Business
competition.
65 Wikinomics collaborate with people outside the traditional structure
66 In-house Something that is done in-house is done within an organization or business by its employees rather than by other people
67 Line structure cơ cấu tổ chức của một công ty, doanh nghiệp
68 Incompatible not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences
69 Cash balance the amount of money a company has in its bank account at a particular time
an arrangement between a bank and a business that allows the business to borrow a particular amount of money for different
70 Credit facilities
purposes for a particular period of time
71 Self-financing tự chủ tài chính
72 Retained earnings lợi nhuận giữ lại
73 Downsize Cắt giảm biên chế
74 Merger an occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company
75 Takeover a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares
76 Downturn a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a country's economic activity
77 Recession a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad
78 Empower to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something
79 Capacity the total amount that can be contained or produced
Sales force = sales
80 Bán hàng
representatives
81 Inventory the amount of goods a shop has, or the value of them
82 Market share the number of things that a company sells compared with the number of things of the same type that other companies sell
 83 allocate resources phân bổ nguồn lực
84 deal with crises đối mặt với khủng hoảng
85 make decisions ra quyết định
86 perform tasks thực hiện công việc
87 measure performance đánh giá tiến độ thực hiện
88 set objectives đề ra mục tiêu
89 supervise subordinates giám sát cấp dưới
labour relations = working
90 the relationships between employees and employers
relations
91 mobilize investment lưu động vốn
92 multinational involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries
93 loquacious someone who is loquacious talks a lot
showing behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have
94 impulsive
(bốc đồng)
95 courteous polite and showing respect
96 amiable pleasant and friendly
97 compromiser
98 glocalization an invented word combining worldwide and regional concerns
- someone who is different or original
99 individualist
- those who are not afraid of confrontation but will compromise when necessary to achieve a deal
100 collectivist believing that the group is more important than the individual
101 particularist believing that personal relationships and friendships should take precedence over rules and regulations
102 universalist believing rules apply to everybody
103 confrontation a face-to-face disagreement or argument
104 compromise reducing demands or changing opinions in order to agree
105 improvise to do something when necessary without having already planned it (ứng biến)
4 106
107
precedence
connections
the condition of being dealt with before other things or of being considered more important than other things
people of influence or importance with whom you are associated
108 eye contact looking directly at the people you are talking or listening to
109 interrupt to cut into someone else's turn to speak
110 intuition understanding or knowing without consciously using reason (trực giác)
111 logic thought based on reason and judgement rather than feelings and emotions
112 lose face to be humiliated or disrespected in public
113 status respect, prestige or importance given to someone
114 stereotypes a set idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong
115 sales representative someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services
116 persuasion the action of persuading someone or of being persuaded
117 prevalent existing very commonly or happening often
118 executives someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action
the people within a company who are in charge of departments or groups, but who are below those in charge of the whole
119 middle management
company
120 inherit to be born with the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents
121 infrastructure csvc
122 commotion a sudden, short period of noise, confusion, or excited movement
123 cram into sth chen lấn
124 bountiful providing a large amount of good things, generous (for person)
125 headaches things that cause difficulties
126 regulation official rules or the act of controlling something
 127 reworking changing or improving a product or service
128 scrapping getting rid of things which are no longer useful or wanted
129 service to examine a machine and repair any faulty parts
130 warranties guarantees: written promises to repair or replace products that develop a fault (bảo hành)
the act of looking at something carefully, or an official visit to a building or organization to check that everything is correct
131 inspection
and legal
10 132
133
lapse
defect
a temporary failure
a fault or problem in something or someone that spoils that thing or person or causes it, him, or her
not to work correctly
134 output an amount of something produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc.
135 turnover the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people (luân chuyển nhân sự)
to change the way people think of something, usually so that more people will like it, buy it,
136 reposition
or support it
137 reverse to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite
the probability that the product will perform its intended function for a specified time period when operating under normal
138 product reliability
environmental
the ability of a conditions
physical product to remain functional, without requiring excessive maintenance or repair, when faced with
139 product durability
the challenges of normal operation
process of a customer over its design
taking previously lifetime
purchased merchandise back to the retailer, and in turn receiving a refund in the
140 product returns
original form of payment, exchange for another item or a store credit
141 repurchase rate the percentage of customers who have purchased more than once in a time period
142 occupancy rate the ratio of rented or used space to the total amount of available space
143 adamant impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision
relating to the way in which an organization, country, etc. decides what it wants to achieve and plans actions and use of
144 strategic
resources over time to do this:
145 issue a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about
146 talent pool the suitable, skilled people who are available to be chosen to do a particular type of job
147 critical mass the size or number that something needs to reach before a particular change or development can happen
148 leadership ranks top levels of management
149 outperforming doing better than others, financially
150 profitability the ability to make a good return on capital invested in the business
151 return on equity the amount of money a company earns on the investment of its shareholders
152 board of directors executive committee that jointly supervises the activities of an organization
153 enforce to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted
154 appoint to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility
155 non-executive a member of a company's board of directors who is not one of the company's managers
to remove someone from a job, usually because they have done something wrong or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving
156 sack
the cost of employing them:
157 quota an officially imposed number or quantity (chỉ tiêu)
158 compliance obeying laws or regulations
159 composition the way in which the parts of something are arranged Động từ: comply with
160 dissolution the ending or termination of an organization
161 deputy minister Thứ trưởng
the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time, or a
162 coalition
government that is formed in this way (liên minh)
163 apprentices trainees, people still learning their jobs
164 convert (n) someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living
165 accountability being officially responsible for something (trách nhiệm giải trình)
166 come across meet or find unexpectedly or by accident
167 compulsory required, obligatory, necessary according to the law
168 voluntary done by choice, without legal obligations
set of procedures designed to; eliminate unlawful discrimination among applicants, remedy the results of such prior
169 affirmative action
discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future
170 imposition the introduction of a new law or system
 a particular ethnic group (= a group of people with a shared culture, tradition, language, history, etc.) living in a country
171 ethnic minorities
where most people are from a different ethnic group
172 negotiate to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them
an expression, often found in literature, that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to have
173 metaphor
similar characteristics to that person or object
174 peculiar unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way
6 175 integrated state in which many different parts are coordinated and work well together
176 introduce to make something available to be used for the first time
177 level a particular standard or quality
178 launch the action of setting something running; (v) to set something running
179 identify to recognize someone or something and be able to say or prove who or what they are
180 relaunch to present a product or service again in a different form
181 sales figures the value of the total sales of a company's goods or services over a specific period
182 saturate to fill something completely so that it is impossible or pointless to add any more
183 sponsor to give financial support to an activity, event or organization, often as a way of advertising a company's products or services
a test of something new to find out if it is safe, works correctly, etc., before making a final decision about it; (v) to test
184 trial
something new to find out if it is safe, works correctly, etc.
185 stable secure and unchanging
186 stabilize to make steady
187 unit cost the overall expenditure that a company incurs to produce, store and sell one unit of a specific product or service
188 saturation the state of being filled completely so that it is impossible or pointless to add any more
189 rebrand to change the image of a company, product or service, by giving it a new name or by advertising it differently
190 profit the difference between the total income and the total costs of an organization
191 position the level of importance of a person or product; (v) to put somebody or something in a particular place
192 portfolio the range of products or services that a particular company offers for sale
193 phase a period of time dedicated to a particular task in a project
194 extension increasing the length of time that is given to do or use something
195 extend to make an activity or agreement go on for a longer period of time
196 evaluate to think carefully about something and decide how good or bad it is
197 cash flow the total amount of money transferring into and out of a business as goods or services are bought and sold
198 cash cow a product or service that has a large share of a mature market and provides a steady income
199 lifespan the amount of time a thing continues or functions
(n) the point where something has reached its highest level or value; (v) to reach the highest level or value; (adj) at its
200 peak
highest level or value
201 maturity the state or fact of being fully grown and mature
202 model a concept for a system that can be evaluated
203 merchandise goods to be bought or sold (hàng hóa)
204 mature (v) to be fully grown and developed; (adj) to have reached the most advanced stage
205 intellectual relating to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas
a person who tries to persuade someone to leave their job by offering that person another job with more pay and a higher
206 headhunter
aposition
list of people who have been judged the most suitable for a job or prize, made from a longer list of people originally
207 shortlisted
considered, and from which one person will be chosen
208 preliminary coming before or done to prepare for a main or more important action, event, etc (sơ bộ)
209 fundraising the act of collecting or producing money for a particular purpose, especially for a charity
210 extensively in a way that covers a large area or has a great range
211 cross-cultural involving two or more different cultures and their ideas and customs
212 enclose to send something in the same envelope or parcel as something else
213 product line a range of similar products or services that are sold by the same company, with different features and different prices
progressive developing or happening gradually
 214 interpersonal connected with relationships between people
luận văn (a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done in order to receive a degree at college
215 dissertation
or university)
216 doctorate the highest degree from a university
217 marital status tình trạng hôn nhân

5 218
219
typographical
traineeship
(thuộc) sự in máy
a period when someone is trained in the skills needed for a particular job
220 complimentary praising or expressing admiration for someone
221 principal most important; the amount of money borrowed
222 retail outlet any sources or services of company
223 competence the ability to do something well
224 inference (sự suy diễn) a guess that you make or an opinion that you form based on the information that you have
225 concordant (hợp với) in agreement with other facts or based on the same principles as something else
the fact that people are more likely to accept or notice information if it appears to support what they already believe or
226 confirmation bias
expect
227 strereotype a set idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong
the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed
228 prototype
(nguyên mẫu)
229 manipulate to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly
230 underestimate to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. of something:
231 ooze to flow slowly out of something through a small opening, or to slowly produce a thick sticky liquid
232 outlet places of business for selling goods to customers (shops, stores, kios)
233 distinguish phân biệt
234 reinforce củng cố, tăng cường
235 cannibalize to cause a reduction in the sales of an existing product or service by starting to sell a new product or service
236 consultancy a company that gives advice on a particular subject

11 237
238
239
asset
brand-switcher
sorbet
something valuable belonging to a person or organization that can be used for the payment of debts
consumers who buy various competing products rather than being loyal to a particularbrand
sinh tố đông (a sweet food made from fruit juice, water, and sugar mixed together and frozen)
240 complement to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
241 scratch a mark made by scratching
242 trialling the process of formally testing a product to discover how effective or suitable it is
243 sampling the activity of providing or trying a small amount of a product so someone can decide whether to buy it
244
245 accurate correct, exact and without any mistakes
246 agile able to move quickly and easily
247 capital money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business
248 consignment an amount of goods that is sent somewhere (lô hàng/kiện hàng)
249 consolidate to combine several things, especially businesses, so that they become more effective, or to be combined in this way:
250 cost implication an occasion when you seem to suggest cost without saying it directly
251 despatch to send something, especially goods or a message, somewhere for a particular purpose
252 invoice hóa đơn
The just-in-time (JIT) inventory system is a management strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly
253 Just-In-Time production
with production schedules.
254 lead time the time between the design of a product and its production, or between ordering a product and receiving it

9 255
256
lean
logistics
(of production) using small quantities and avoid any waste (sản xuất tinh gọn)
designing and managing the flow of goods, informaton and other resources
257 merchandise goods that are bought and sold
 258 perch to be in a high position or in a position near the edge of something, or to put something in this position
259 replenish to fill sth up again
260 sophisticated complicated
261 start anew adv: begin something new, usually a cycle
262 stockless production tương đương JIT production
263 subassembly other side products in the assembly line
264 transparent clear, unseen
265 turnover the amount of business that a company does in a period of time
266 distribution channel all the companies or individuals ('middlemen') involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers
267 wholesaler an intermediary that stocks manufacturers’ goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers
268 market segmentation dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits
making a product (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising,
269 product differentiation
packaging, etc.
270 market opportunities possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services
271 market skimming setting a high price for a new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market
272 sales representative someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services
273 product features the attributes or characteristics of a product, such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability, etc.
the extent to which supply or demand (the quantity produced or bought) of a product responds to changes of price (độ co
274 price elasticity
giãn của giá)
275 market penetration the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share
276 level off stops rising or falling and stays at the same level
277 product life cycle the length of time from a product first being introduced to consumers until it is removed from the market
278 public awareness public's level of understanding about the importance and implications of a certain programme or an activity
279 sales volume the quantity or number of products sold or services provided by a company in a particular period of time
280 economies of scale a proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
281 liquidate stock sell stock to get money
282 market share the percent of total sales in an industry generated by a particular company
283 innovator a person who develops a new design, product, etc. or who has new ideas about how to do something
284 early adopter someone who is one of the first people to start using a new product, especially a new piece of technology
285 manufacturer a company that produces goods in large numbers
286 psychological pricing the business practices of setting prices lower than a whole number
287 odd prices a price ending in 1,3,5,7,9 just under a round number
288 price war a situation in which different companies compete with each other by reducing prices
289 sales-driven A sales-driven one sells whatever they are given to whoever will buy it — regardless of whether the customer's need is met
290 market driven influenced by market knowledge and customer needs
291 all-pervasive spread throughout and affecting all parts of something
292 fixated on unable to stop thinking about something
293 crumbs an expression of surprise or worry

12 294
295
tactics
goblet
a planned way of doing something
a container from which a drink, especially wine, is drunk, usually made of glass or metal, and with a stem and a base but no
handles
296 foot traffic people who are walking, not driving cars or riding bicycles
297 middleman a person who buys goods from the company that has produced them and makes a profit by selling them to a shop or a user
298 intermediary someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet
299 brand switchers consumers who buy various competing products rather than being loyal to a particular brand
300 shelves surfaces in a store on which goods are displayed
301 brand recognition the extent to which consumers are aware of a brand, and knows its name
 302 packaging wrappers and containers used to enclose and protect a product
303 logo a graphic image or symbol specifically created to identify a company or a product
304 retailers businesses that sell goods or merchandise to individual customers
305 product mix all the different products, brands, and items that a company sells
306 outlets places of business for selling goods to customers (shops, stores, kiosks, etc.)
307 warranties guarantees: written promises to repair or replace products that develop a fault
308 service to examine a machine and repair and faulty parts
309 scrapping getting rid of things which are no longer useful or wanted
310 report to changing or improving a product or service
311 regulation official rules of the act of controlling something
312 headaches things that cause difficulties
313 bountiful providing a large amount of good things
314 prosperity the state of being successful and having a lot of money
315 procurement the process of getting supplies
316 exponentially increasing or decreasing more and more quickly as time passes
317 disruptive changing the traditional way that an industry operates, especially in a new and effective way
318 equity the value of a business activity
319 risk premium the extra amount of money an investor can make by investing in financial products that have more risk
320 founder someone who establishes a company
321 standards of living the quality of people's lives
322 embedded firmly fixed in something or part of something
- a detailed list of all the things in a place
322 inventory
- athe amount
supply of goods a for
of something shopuse
has,
or or the value of them
sale
323 stock
the total amount
- machines used inofindustry
goods or the amount of a particular type of goods available in a shop
324 plant
- a factory in which a particular product is made or power is produced
325 outsource If a company outsources, it pays to have part of its work done by another company
326 lead time the time between the design of a product and its production, or between ordering a product and receiving it
327 coordinate to make many different things work effectively as a whole
328 depreciation the process of losing value
329 obsolescence the process of becoming no longer useful or needed
330 underultilize to not use something or someone as much as it or they could or should be used
- a change in amount or level
331 variation
8 332 auction
a- something
-until
that sale
usually public
the thing
the value
is slightly
of aiscompany,
sold to the
different
of goods
personinto
divided
from the
or property,
whomany
usual
where
will equal
form make
people
pay most
or arrangement
higher and higher bids (= offers of money) for each thing,
parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the
333 equity
value of a company is divided
334 weave to form something from several different things or to combine several different things, in a complicated or skilled way
335 procurement the process of getting supplies
- fixed into the surface of something
336 embedded
- If an emotion, opinion, etc. is embedded in someone or something, it is a very strong or important part of him, her, or it
337 reliability the quality of being able to be trusted or believed because of working or behaving well
338 leverage the action or advantage of using a lever
a bar or handle that moves around a fixed point, so that one end of it can be pushed or pulled in order to control the
339 leverage
operation of a machine or move a heavy or stiff object
340 booming increasing or becoming successful and producing a lot of money very quickly
to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it, especially at
341 bid (for)
a public sale of goods or property
342 microfinance the activity or business of providing financial services to poor people or new businesses in poor countries
valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money, that they agree will become the property of the company
343 collateral
or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back
344 diversified (of a company, economy, fund, etc.) investing money in many different industries, activities, countries, etc
 - used to describe a business or system that is able to grow or to be made larger
345 scalable
able
- to to be
leave made larger
something in size:
somewhere
346 deposit
- to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank or safe (= strong box or cupboard with locks)
347 chequebook a book of cheques with your name printed on them that is given to you by your bank to make payments with
an amount of money that is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back, usually together with an extra amount of
348 loan
money that you
an agreement have
that to pay
allows youastoa borrow
charge for borrowing
money from a bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house, or the
349 mortgage
amount
an amountof money
of moneyitself
that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to owe to the bank, or the agreement that
350 overdraft
allows this
351 hedge fund a type of investment that can make a lot of profit but involves a large risk
352 intermediary someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet
353 stockbroker a person or company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people
14 354
355
issue
merger
to produce or provide something official
an occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company
356 takeover a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares
357 portfolio a collection of company shares and other investments that are owned by a particular person or organization
358 stockbroking the job or activity of buying and selling stocks and shares for other people
359 deregulation the action of removing national or local government controls or rules from a business or other activity
- a measurement of how good or popular someone or something is
360 rating
- A rating is a record of the number of people who watch or listen to a particular broadcast
361 default to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do
362 collateralize to give property as collateral for a loan, bond, etc.
363 pension fund money that employees of a company pay regularly to be invested to provide them with a pension when they are older
364 securitization to borrow money in the form of bonds which can then be traded on financial markets:
365 subprime used to describe the practice of lending money, especially to buy a house, to people who may not be able to pay it back
a very small amount of money lent to a person or group, especially in order to make it possible for people in poor countries
366 microcredit
to start businesses
367 commercial
advertisement
368 advent
369 abbreviate shorten a word
370 word-of-mouth spoken/ informal
371 peer-to-peer (P2P)
13 372 junk mail spam mail
373 pop-up appearing quickly (when scrolling, surfing the net)
374 hoarding billboard
375 backlit poster posters designed for use with a light box
376 point-of-sale the place at which goods are retailed point-of-sale displays
377 free sample a usually small and packaged portion of merchandise distributed free especially as an introduction to potential customers.
378 outsource If a company outsources, it pays to have part of its work done by another company:
379 delocalize detach or remove (something) from a particular place or location, or from local limitations
380 tertiary sector businesses that provide services but do not make anything, for example banks and shops
industries that involve collecting and selling natural things, for example crops, rock, and wood, often in order for them to be
381 primary sector
made into something else
382 secondary sector industries where finished products are made from materials produced in the primary sector
383 assemble to bring or come together in a single group or place, or to put together the parts of something
7 384 milling metal (of a machine) designed to cut or shape metal using a rotating tool
385 welding metal to join two pieces of metal together permanently by melting the parts that touch
386 expertise a high level of knowledge or skill
387 mosaic khảm:))) tiếng anh nó ghi khó hịu quák
a set of electrical connections made by thin lines of metal instead of wires, used in computers and other electronic
388 printed circuit
equipment
 389 pebbledash a substance that is spread on the outside walls of a building, consisting of cement with many small stones mixed into it
390 rubber insulation cao su cách nhiệt
built-in/planned
the fact that a product is intentionally designed and made so that it will not last for a long time
Publiclyobsolescence
Listed Company a public company or publicly traded company is a company that offers its securities (stock, bonds, etc.) for sale to the
(listed = quoted: niêm yết) general
the valuepublic, typically divided
of a company, throughinto
a stock
many exchange.
equal parts owned by the shareholders, or one of the equal parts into which the
equity
value of a company is divided
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391 Partnership a company that is owned by two or more people
392 institutional fund an investment fund that can only be used by large financial organizations
393 venture capitalist anyone that invests in, or financially sponsors, a new business
394 asset base The total value of a company's or organization's assets
395 non-specialized không chuyên
396 multi-disciplinary involving different subjects of study in one activity
397 phenomenal very remarkable; extraordinary
398 appendix material added at the end of a book
399 cater to satisfy the needs of, try to make things easy and pleasant; to supply food and service
400 Executive Summary a brief account of the key points contained in a business plan
401 sales forecast the sales business expect to achieve in a particular period of time
15 402 break-even point where total costs equal total income from sales and the company makes neither a profit nor a loss
403 Projection a calculation or guess about the future based on information that you have
404 competitive advantage what an organization can do better than its competitors
405 exit strategy an investor's plan for getting their investment back and potentially realizing a profit
406 entrant someone who enters a competition, organization, or examination
407 sabotage to intentionally prevent the success of a plan or action
408 proposition an offer or suggestion, usually in business
409 sequence the order in which things happen or should happen
410 Microprocessor The part of the computer that executes the instructions of a computer program
411 re-invest to put money that you receive from an investment back into that investment, or into another investment
412 failure-tolerant knowing that some investments will fail
413 stock the amount of money that a company has through selling shares to people issue stocks or share
a place where shares in companies are bought and sold, or the organization of people whose job is to do this buying or
414 stock exchanges "= stock market"
selling
415 common stock (US) a share or shares of a company providing the owner with a right to vote at shareholder meetings and to receive a part of the
416 ordinary shares (Britain) company profits as a dividend
417 stockholder (US) a person who owns shares in a company and therefore gets part of the company's profits and the right to vote on how the
418 shareholder (Britain) company is controlled
419 stockbroker a person or company that buys and sells stocks and shares for other people
preferred stock (US)/share a share or group of shares in a company that gives the owner the right to receive a dividend (= part of the company's profit)
420 "=preference stock"
(Britain) before
an dividends
official are paid
paper given by to
theowners of common
government shares, or
or a company towhen
show dividends on common
that you have lent themshares
moneyarethat
notthey
paidwill
at all
pay back to
421 bond
you at a particular interest rate
422 part ownership a situation in which different people, groups, etc. each own part of something
Initial Public Offering
423 the first sale of a company's shares to the public
(IPO) Flotation is the process of changing a private company into a public company by issuing shares and encouraging the public
424 flotation
to apurchase
If bank or them
other organization underwrites an activity, it gives it financial support and takes responsibility for paying any
425 underwrite
costs if it fails.
426 secondary market the trading of existing bonds, shares, etc. rather than new ones
 427 primary market the sale of shares, bonds, etc. at the time they are first made available, rather than when they are traded later
428 third market a market in which financial organizations buy and sell shares directly rather than through a stock market
429 fourth market the buying and selling of shares directly between banks, financial companies, etc. rather than on a stock exchange
430 over-the-counter market a market in which shares are bought and sold directly on a computer system rather than through a stock market
automatic computerized
431
trading system
432 market-makers a person or company that continuously buys and sells shares in particular companies for particular prices
433 nominal value the value of a share, bond, etc. when it is made available for sale for the first time: "=par value"
434 stock indexes (indices) a series of numbers that shows changes in the average prices of shares on a particular stock market over time
435 going public Going public refers to a private company's initial public offering (IPO), thus becoming a publicly-traded and owned entity.
The bid quote is the most current price and quantity at which a share can be bought. The bid quote shows the price and
17 436 bid quote
quantity of which a current buyer is willing to purchase the shares.
437 be factored into include particular amount or factor in calculation.
438 price movements A change in the price of a security or other asset, especially in the short term.
The price at which these securities are valued and are traded over an exchange or over the counter is known as security
439 security prices
price.
440 revelation the act of making something known that was secret, or a fact that is made known:
441 up one's stake to increase the costs, risks, or considerations involved in taking an action or reaching a conclusion
442 on fear of vì sợ
443 rocket tăng mạnh
444 crash giảm mạnh
445 shot up tăng vụt
446 revive hồi sinh, vực dậy
447 slip tụt
448 plummet tụt mạnh
449 recover hồi phục
450 finish up kết thúc
451 advance tiến lên
452 government bailout a situation in which a government pays or lends money to save a company or industry from failing
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from one or more underlying assets or securities (e.g., a stock,
453 securities and derivatives
bond, currency, or index).
454 bursting of the tech bubble bong bóng ngành tech vỡ (ý chỉ thị trường sụp đổ)
A risk-adjusted measure of the active return on an investment, i.e. the return that exceeds normal compensation for the risk
455 alpha
involved.
A measureAofhigh
the value for alpha
elasticity implies
or relative that a stock
volatility or fund has
of a security: the performed better
rate at which than would
its price moves have been
up and expected
down giventoits
compared the
456 beta
market as a whole.
457 blue chips Shares in large, well-established companies with a good reputation for quality and profitability
be listed/quoted on a stock
458 A listed company issues shares of its stock for trading on a stock exchange.
exchange
index fund/tracker a mutual fund that invests in the stocks used to compute a particular stock-market index, thus tying its performance to that
459
fund/exchange-traded fund index
(QG) Scope: Textbook
the forces that decide price levels in an economy or trading system whose activities are not influenced or limited by
460 market forces
government, các tác nhân thị trường
461 private sector businesses and industries that are not owned or controlled by the government
462 ailment an illness
463 impose to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received
464 dispose to throw or give away; get rid of
465 on our behalf for us
466 to resort to force to use violence
467 coerce to make somebody do something by force or threat
468 federal national
469 conform to follow rules or customs
 470 interdependent dependent on one another; mutually dependent
471 legislation a law or set of laws
472 commercialize to organize something to make a profit
473 Externality positive or negative consequence (benefits or costs) of economic activities experienced by other people
474 unfettered not limited by any rules or controls
475 levy Impose or raise a tax
476 flat tax a tax rate that is the same for everyone, whether the person's income is high or low, thuế phẳng
477 value-added tax VAT, a tax placed on the value that manufacturers add at each stage of production
478 progressive tax a tax in which the rate of tax is higher on larger amounts of money, thuế luỹ tiến
22 479 regressive tax a tax in which poor people pay a higher percentage of their income than rich people, thuế luỹ thoái
480 wealth tax a tax on an individual's wealth
481 inheritance tax a state tax collected on the property left by a person to his or her heir(s) in a will
a government's plan for deciding how much money to borrow and to collect in taxes, and how best to spend it, in order to
482 fiscal policy
influence the level of economic activity, chính sách tài khoá
483 tax avoidance the act of reducing taxes in ways that are legal
484 tax evasion making false declarations to the tax authorities
a person or organization that moves money that has been obtained illegally through banks and other businesses to make it
485 money launderer
seem to have been obtained legally, người rửa tiền
486 tax harbours a legal provision to sidestep or eliminate legal or regulatory liability in taxation, provided that certain conditions are met = tax haven
487 tax haven a place where people pay less tax than they would pay if they lived in their own country
488 loophole a small mistake or exception in a tax law, which allows you to avoid paying something
489 flat rate a charge that is the same for everyone, tỷ lệ cố định
490 penalize to punish
491 unethical not morally correct
492 decay to become gradually damaged, worse, or less
493 redistributive taxation a situation in which rich people are taxed more and poor people are taxed less, as a percentage of their incomes
494 accumulation the process of gradually increasing in amount, or the increased amount
495 prosperity wealth, success
496 intervene to enter in order to help or settle something
497 replicate to make or do something again in exactly the same way

496 take over to take control of a company by buying enough shares

497 takeover a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares
498 merger an occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company
499 existing used to refer to something that exists now
500 horizontal integration buying competitors in the same field of activity
501 vertical integration buying companies involved in other parts of the supply chain
502 backward integration buying suppliers of raw materials or components
503 foreward integration buying distributors or retailers
504 a raid buying a company's stocks on the stock market
505 a takeover bid making an offer to a company's stockholders to buy their stocks
506 a friendly bid when the directors of a company agree to a takeover
507 a hostile bid when the directors of a company do not agree to a takeover
508 asset-stripping buying a company in order to sell its profitable parts, or to close the company and its asset at a profit
509 part-ownership a situation in which different people, groups, etc. each own part of something
510 raid the act of entering a place by force in order to steal from it
 511 buyout a situation in which a person or group buys all the shares belonging to a company and so gets control of it
512 private equity fund collective investment scheme used for making investments in various equities and debt instruments.
21 513 stock exchange an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock, bonds, and other financial instruments
514 interventionism action taken by a government to influence the political or economic affairs of another country
515 controlling interest a sufficient number of stocks in a company to be able to decide what to do
antitrust authority investigation authority
regime a particular way of operating or organizing a business, etc
monopoly (an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share
utility a company that provides a service such as an electricity or gas supply
intervene to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
Diversify To become more varied or different
Retail outlets Places where goods are sold
Controlling Interest A sufficient number of stocks in a company to be able to decide what to do
Listed companies Public companies whose stocks are traded on a stock exchange
Fees amount of money paid for services
Conglomerate Companies that own or control several smaller businesses selling very different products or services
Synergy The combined power or value of a group of things working together which is greater than the total power or value achieved when each is working separately
Subsidiaries Companies that are owned by a larger parent company
Market capitalization Total value or a company on the stock exchange
515 market capitalization the aggregate market value of a company represented in a dollar amount
financial instruments whose prices are dependent upon, or derived from, underlying assets such as stocks, bonds,
516 derivatives seaweed that is
commodities, currency..vv.. (phái sinh)
517 speculation the activity of guessing possible answers to a question without having enough information to be certain about to marry have
518 financial instruments A financial instrument is defined as a contract between individuals/parties that holds a monetary value
an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to
519 bond
you at a particular
A market interest
index tracks rate (trái phiếu)
the performance of a certain group of stocks, bonds or other investments (chỉ số thị trường chứng
520 market index
khoán)
A contract agreement to buy or sell a security, commodity or financial instrument at a predetermined price and point in the
521 future
future
an (giao
option dịchthe
offers kỳ buyer
hạn) the right, but not the obligation to buy or sell an asset at an agree-uponed price during a certain
522 option
period ofcontracts
making time (quyền chọn)
to buy or sell commodities or other assets in the future at a pre-arranged price as a protection against price
523 hedging
changes (phòng vệ giá)
524 interest rate swap an agreement to exchange future interest payments with other companies or institutions (hoán đổi lãi suất)
an agreement between two parties who exchange principal and fixed rate interest payments on a loan in one currency for
525 currency swap
principal and fixed rate interest payments on an equal loan in another currency (hoán đổi tiền tệ)
526 win-win situation a situation that is beneficial to everyone involved
527 floating rate an interest rate that can change over a period of time (lãi suất thả nổi)
the price fixed by the seller of a security after receiving bids in a tender offer, typically for a sale of bonds or a new stock
528 strike price
market issue. (giá thực hiện)
529 subprime mortgage a type of home loan extended to individuals with poor, incomplete, or nonexistent credit histories (thế chấp dưới chuẩn)
530 hedge fund a type of investment that can make a lot of profit but involves a large risk (quỹ phòng hộ)
a member of the public who makes investments, not a large organization or business that makes investments (nhà đầu tư bán
531 retail investor
18 532 equity investor
lẻ)
Equity investors purchase shares of a company with the expectation that they'll rise in value in the form of capital gains,
and/or
the generate
activity capitalmoney
of risking dividends
on changes in the price of company shares, without buying the shares themselves (đặt cược
533 spread-betting
chênh lệch)products are pre-packaged investments that normally include assets linked to interest plus one or more derivatives
Structured
534 structured products
(sản phẩm tài chính cấu trúc)
535 constraint something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits:
536 gambling the activity of betting money
537 take a punt on to risk money by buying or supporting something, in the hope of making or winning more money
538 tracker fund an index fund tracking a broad market index, or a segment of it (quỹ đầu tư chỉ số)
the activity of selling shares that you have borrowed, hoping that their price will fall before you buy them back and return
539 short selling
them to their owner, so that you make a profit (bán khống)
 540 forthcoming happening soon
541 tax break a change in the law that results in the opportunity to pay less in taxes
542 bid price the amount that a buyer is willing to pay for particular shares (giá mua)
call option option to buy shares at a certain price
put option option to sell shares at certain price
interest rate swap agreement between two companies to exchange future interest payments
commodities things sold in very large quantities, especially raw materials and food, for example metal or corn
the price that is offered for shareholders' shares during a takeover of a company (= taking control of it), or the total price of
543 offer price
all these shares (giá chào bán)
544 trader a person who buys and sells company shares or money:
545 aassessment the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made

546 commodities are raw materials or primary products such as metals, cereals, coffee, etc., that are traded on special markets

547 stop-loss an instruction to a broker to sell shares if they go down to a particular price
a number that expresses the value of the share prices of the 100 most important British companies, published by the
548 the FTSE 100
Financial
to buy andTimes:
sell in the hope that the value of what you buy will increase and that it can then be sold at a higher price in order
549 speculate
to make a profit
550 consistent agreeing with something said or done previously
551 alternate to make something happen or exist one after the other repeatedly
552 contraction the fact of becoming less in amount or quantity
553 balance of payment the difference between the funds a country receives and those it pays for all international transactions
554 GDP the total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a given period
555 commodity a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold
556 slump (of prices, values, or sales) to fall suddenly
557 bottom out to have reached the lowest point in a continuously changing situation and to be about to improve
558 mortgage an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house, or the amount of money itself
559 trough to reach a low level, price, etc. before going up again
560 endogenous used in economics to describe something that is inside a particular system, rather than outside that system
561 exogenous external
23 562 equilibrium a state of balance
563 deficit the total amount by which money spent is more than money received
564 surplus (an amount that is) more than is needed
565 fiscal policy a government's plan for deciding how much money to borrow and to collect in taxes, and how best to spend it, in order to influence the level of economic activity
566 monetary policy actions taken by a government to control the amount of money in an economy and how easily available it is, for example by changing the interest rate
567 money supply all the money that is in use in a country
568 Keynesianism relating to the economic principles of John Maynard Keynes, especially the importance of having government plans to create jobs and encourage spending
569 Monetarism a system of controlling a country's economy by limiting how much money is in use at a particular time
570 Countercyclical countercyclical activities do not follow the pattern which is normal in business or the economy
571 inflation a general, continuous increase in prices
572 microfinance the activity or business of providing financial services to poor people or new businesses in poor countries
573 speculation the activity of guessing possible answers to a question without having enough information to be certain
574 gold convertibility the fact of being able to exchange one type of currency, share, etc. for another
575 intervention the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
576 parity equality, especially of pay or position
577 peg to make a price, currency, etc. stay at a particular level
26 578 hedge a way of protecting, controlling, or limiting something
 579 pound sterling the official name of the pound used as money in the UK
580 hot money money that is moved, for example, from one bank or country to another, to make a profit from high interest or exchange rates
581 highly leveraged used to describe a company that has a large amount of debt compared to its share capital, (= money in shares) or the structure of such a company's capital
582 refugee a person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war
583 landmine a bomb that is put on or under the ground and that explodes when a person steps on it or a vehicle drives over it
584
585
586
587 unbusinesslike lacking the qualities (such as polite seriousness and professionalism) considered appropriate for business or a businessperson

588 free society

The definition of a free society is one where individuals act entirely out of their own will.An example of a free society is one where people can say whatever they want.
589 private property refers to the ownership of property by private parties - essentially anyone or anything other than the government.
590 embody (V) to represent a quality or an idea exactly to include as part of somethingto have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent
591 social responsibility businesses, in addition to maximizing shareholder value, must act in a manner benefiting society, not just the bottom line
592 undemocratic not in agreement with or according to democratic doctrine or practice or ideals
593 suicidal impulse
594 proponent (N) a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action a person who supports an idea, plan, or cause
24 595 Bribe (V) to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents, or something else that they want
596 Industrial espionage the covert, and sometimes illegal, practice of investigating competitors to gain a business advantage.an occasion when one company steals secrets from another company with which it is
the practice of making or designing something (such as a car) in such a way that it will only be usable for a short
597 built-in obsolescence
time
to tryso
to that peoplesomeone
persuade will have
into buy another
authority, onean elected member of a government, to support laws or rules that
usually
598 lobby (V)
give your organization or industry an advantage
599 law favourable
600 whistle blower the whole organisation or in a specific department. A whistleblower could be an employee, contractor, or a
601
602
603
604
605 venture capital money invested in a new business, especially one that involves risk
606 established accepted or respected because of having existed for a long period of time
607 capital money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business
608 multi-disciplinary relating to or involving people from different types of work or who have different types of knowledge
609 venture capitalist a person or company that invests money (= gives or lends it in order to make a profit) in new companie s, especially when this involves risk
610 reap to obtain or receive something as a result of your own actions
611 phenomenal extremely successful or special, especially in a surprising way
612 return the profit that you get from an investment
613 appendix a separate part at the end of a report, legal document, book, etc. which gives extra information
614 curricula vitae a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests, that you send to an employer when you are trying to get a job
15. VENTURE CAPITAL

615 specify to state or describe something clearly and exactly

616 break-even point the point at which a business starts to make as much money as it has spent on a particular product, activity, etc.:
617 projection a calculation or guess about the future based on information that you have
618 revenue money that a company receives, especially from selling goods or services
619 exit strategy military operation
620 inadequate too small in amount, too low in quality
621 start up If a business or other organization starts up, or if someone starts one up, it is created and starts to operate
 15. VENTURE C
622 sabotage to intentionally damage or destroy something, for example equipment or a system, that belongs to someone else, so that it cannot be used
623 pension fund money that employees of a company pay regularly to be invested to provide them with a pension when they are older
624 proposition an offer or suggestion about a business activity
625 expertise a high level of knowledge or skill
626 fuel-effecient working in a way that does not waste fuel
627 genetically modified food A genetically modified plant or animal has had some of its genes changed scientifically
628 microprocessor a part of a computer that controls its main operations
629 competitive advantage what an organization can do better than its competitors
630 sustainable able to continue over a period of time
631 sales forecasts the sales businesse expect to achieve in a particular period of time
632 revenue the total income received by a business before any expenses are paid
633 exit stategy an investor's plan for getting their investment back and potentially realizing a profit
634 founders the people who establish a company or other organization
635 personnel an amount of money that an organization or government borrows and promises to pay back on an agreed date with an agreed amount of interest, or the document that contains this agreement
636 bond an amount of money that an organization or government borrows and promises to pay back on an agreed date with an agreed amount of interest, or the document that contains this agreement
637 cash flows the money a company receives minus the money it spends during a certain period
638 equity funds operated by investment companies that invest people's money in various assets
639 mutual funds funds operated by investment companies that invest people's money in various assets
640 pension funds unds that invest money that will be paid to people after they retire from work
641 principal the amount of capital making up a bond or other loan
642 maturity the length of time for which a bond is issued (until it is repaid)
643 coupon the amount of interest that a bond pays
644 insolvent unable to pay debts
645 creditors people or institutions to whom money is owned
646 dividents part of the profit of a company that is paid to shareholders
647 market makers busisnesses that buy and sell securities
648 bid price the price at which a buyer is prepared to buy a security at a particular time
649 offer price the price at which a seller is prepared to sell a security at a particular time
650 yield the rate of income an investor receives from a security
651 securities a financial investment such as a bond or share that is traded on a financial market
652 stock market the activity of buying and selling shares in particular companies, and the people and organizations involved in this
653 equity finance the finance that a company gets from selling shares rather than borrowing money
654 debt finance finance its activities, for example by selling bonds, taking out loans, or using credit
655 investment bank a bank that helps companies sell and buy shares, or helps them buy other companies or merge (= join together) with each other
656 institutional investor a bank that helps companies sell and buy shares, or helps them buy other companies or merge (= join together) with each other
16. BONDS

657 bondholder a person or organization that holds a bond

658 maturity date the date on which an investment or insurance product becomes ready to be paid
659 tax deductible If an amount of money that you spend is tax-deductible, it can be taken away from the total amount of income you must pay tax on
660 deduct to take away an amount or part from a total
661 gilt-edged used to describe financial products that are the most secure or of the highest value
662 saleable a saleable product is one that people will want to buy
663 brokerage an organization that buys and sells foreign money, shares in companies, etc. for other people
664 subprime to buy a house, to people who may not be able to pay it back
665 soar to make something start to happen, happen more quickly, or improve
 666 kickstart (the economy) to make something start to happen, happen more quickly, or improve
667 speculator a person who buys goods, property, money, etc. in the hope of selling them at a profit
668 drive up to force a price, value, etc. to go up
669 unprecedented never having happened or existed in the past
670 slump a period when an industry or the economy is in a bad state and there is a lot of unemployment
671 rally a sudden increase in share prices after a period when they have been falling or there has been low activity
672 on the ground among the general public
673 staggeringly in a way that is very shocking or surprising
674investment-grade (corporate bonds)
used to describe a financial product that has low risk and will probably make a profit
675 ratings agency an organization that calculates the risk that a share, bond, etc. will not be paid back, using a system of letters to show the level of risk
676 corporate bonds a bond that is produced and sold by a company, or the official document relating to this
677 armament weapons or military equipment
678 pornography books, magazines, films, etc. with no artistic value that describe or show sexual acts or naked people in a way that is intended to be sexually exciting
679 intensive farming a way of producing large amounts of crops, by using chemicals and machines
680 microfinance the activity or business of providing financial services, such as small loans, to poor people or new businesses that cannot use traditional banking services, usually in developing countries
681 microfinance institution an organization that provides microfinance, usually in developing countries
682 ccasual work temporary employment that is not regular or fixed
683 ccontract work employment by an organization to do a specific project or piece of work
684 delayering removing unproductive parts of the management hierarchy to make organizations more flexible and efficient
685 demotion reducing to a lower grade or rank
686 employability apability of being employed
687 flexible labour market a situation in which it is easy for companies to hire non-permanent staff
688 job sharing mploying two or more people on a part-time basis to perform a job normally available to one person working full time
outsourcing / contracting
25 689 using other businesses as subcontractors to supply components or services
out
690 a pensionable job of, relating to, qualified for, or qualifying for a pension
691 a public sector job a job in the part of an economy which is controlled or owned by the government
692 redundancy package ll the payments and advantages that a company gives to workers who have lost their jobs because they are no longer needed
693 a regular job permanent job
694 rightsizing downsizing, though it could also describe increasing the size of an organization
695 staff morale the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation
696 subcontractor a person or company that does part of a job that another person or company is responsible for
697 restrict to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing restrict imports/exports
international buying and selling of goods, without limits on the amount of goods that one country can sell to another, and
698 free trade a free-trade agreement
without
the special
actions of a taxes on the to
government goods
helpbought from atrade
its country's foreign country by
or industry (thương
taxingmại tự do)
goods bought from other countries (bảo hộ mậu
699 protectionism protectionism
dịch)
700 trade barriers trade more difficult or expensive (rào cản thương mại) trade barriers
701 tariff a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country (=tax)
an advantage a country has because it can produce a particular type of product more cheaply than another country (lợi thế
702 absolute advantage advantage over Japan
tuyệt
an đối)
advantage a country has over another country because it can produce a particular type of product more efficiently (lợi thế
703 comparative advantage advantage is in the
so sánh)
704 infant industry a new industry that is in its earliest stage of development (ngành công nghiệp non trẻ)
an industry that a government considers to be very important for the country's economy or safety (ngành công nghiệp then
705 strategic industry
chốt)
706 street hawker a person who tries to sell things by calling at people's homes or standing in the street, especially when you do not approve of this activity
27
707 copyright the legal right to control the production and selling of a book, play, film, photograph, or piece of music (bản quyền) that something is
708 dumping selling unwanted goods very cheaply, usually in other countries (bán phá giá) with selling lumber on
709 generic a cheaper copy of a product that is not marked with the producer's name (hàng nhái)
 710 trademark a name or a symbol showing that a product is made by a particular producer (nhãn hiệu) trademark.
the system of people and things that are involved in getting a product from the place where it is made to the person who buys
711 supply chain
it (chuỗi cung ứng)
quota A maximum quantity of goods of a specific kind that can be imported into a country
subsidize to pay part of the cost of something
Protectonism by way of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas
dumping selling unwanted goods very cheaply, usually in other countries
712 patent the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years (bằng sáng chế) out/filed a patent on a
713 hygiene the degree to which people keep themselves or their environment clean, especially to prevent disease
714 proposition an offer or suggestion, usually in business
715 disposition the particular type of character that a person naturally has
716 niche a job or position that is very suitable for someone, especially one that they like
717 attorney someone whose job is to give advice to people about the law and speak for them in court
718 cluster a group of similar things that are close together, sometimes surrounding something
719 disrupt to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected
720 dispute or two countries with a common border
721 patent the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years
20 722 interconnected(ness) with different parts or things connected or related to each other
723 mobility the ability to move freely or be easily moved
724 thriving growing, developing, or being successful
725 paradigm a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something
726 virtuous having good moral qualities and behaviour
727 vicious vicious people or actions show an intention or wish to hurt someone or something very badly
728 nucleus the central part of something
729 coalesce if two or more things coalesce, they come or grow together to form one thing or system.
730 powerhouse a country, organization, or person with a lot of influence, power, or energy
731 capitalist-dominated