CHAPTER - 2

CREATIVITY, INNOVATION AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CREATIVITY
Concept Motivation factors Skill Needed

Creativity is defined as the tendency to Three reasons why people 1. Divergent thinking
generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or are motivated to be creative: ability.
possibilities that may be useful in solving 2. Having a vast
problems, communicating with others, and 1. need for novel, varied, and knowledge and
entertaining ourselves and others. -Robert E. complex stimulation, useful experience.
Franken 2. need to communicate 3. The ability to
In order to be creative, you need to be able ideas and values, communicate with
to view things in new ways or from a 3. need to solve problems. others.
different perspective. Among other things, 4. Person capacity for
you need to be able to generate new critical analysis.
possibilities or new alternatives. Tests of
creativity measure not only the number of
alternatives that people can generate but the
uniqueness of those alternatives. the ability
to generate alternatives or to see things
uniquely does not occur by change; it is
linked to other, more fundamental qualities
of thinking, such as flexibility, tolerance of
ambiguity or unpredictability, and the
enjoyment of things heretofore unknown.
COMPONENTS OF CREATIVITY
Expertise:
This covers everything that the
entrepreneur knows,
particularly in the field or area
that he works in. An
entrepreneur is expected to
have more than basic
knowledge about the line of
business that he is planning to
set up

Skills on creative thinking: creative thinking is more attributed to one’s personality and character. It refers
to the capability of the individual to come up with ideas and putting them together.

Motivation: The most important element is the motivation to innovate. The motivation can come from
outside (corporate incentives, good grades) or from within oneself (passion, purpose, or interest/fun).
THE CREATIVITY PROCESS
Steps Description
Capturing information A creative person attracts the information and studies issues to
explore and search for various solutions. In this time the mind of a
creative person starts to work using raw data imperceptibly, and
then parse, analyze and synthesize information to provide a solution
to the problem.
Inspiration In the stage called inspiration; creative person feels he finds the
executive solution.
Test After finding new solutions, creative person puts it to the test to
observe success or failure. This step may also improve the quality of
solutions.
Refinement When the test was performed and confirmed the feasibility and
applicability of the plan, there may need to be refined, which
means that the optimal solution will be investigated.
Supply The last stage is supplying creative thought, so that new ideas can
be presented in such a way that it can be presented simply and
practically.
CREATIVITY TECHNIQUES
Techniques Description

Thinking Creative thinking is about bringing divergent and convergent

thinking together. Divergent thinking is finding many answers
of one question or a problem. Techniques such as
brainstorming and mind mapping are effective in mapping the
problems and eliminating them and starting to see connections
and patterns.
SCAMPER S - Substitute - components, materials, people
C - Combine - mix, combine with other assemblies or services,
integrate
A - Adapt - alter, change function, use part of another element
M - Modify - increase or reduce in scale, change shape, modify
attributes (e.g. color)
P - Put to another use
E - Eliminate - remove elements, simplify, reduce to core
functionality
R - Reverse - turn inside out or upside down, also use of
Reversal.

Force Field Analysis Force Field Analysis (Kurt Lewin) is a useful technique for
looking at all the forces for and against a decision. In effect, it is
a specialized method of weighing pros and cons. By carrying
out the analysis you can plan to strengthen the forces
supporting a decision, and reduce the impact of opposition to
it.
CREATIVITY TECHNIQUES
Techniques Description

Six Thinking Hats White Hat: With this thinking that you focus on the data
available.
Red Hat: 'Wearing' the red hat, you look at problems using
intuition, gut reaction, and emotion.
Black Hat: Using black hat thinking, you look at all the bad
points of the decision.
Yellow Hat: The yellow hat helps you to think positively. It is
the optimistic viewpoint that helps you to see all the benefits
of the decision and the value in it.
Blue Hat: The Blue Hat stands for process control. This is the
hat worn by people chairing meetings. When running into
difficulties because ideas are running dry, they may direct
activity into Green Hat thinking. When contingency plans are
needed, they will ask for Black Hat thinking, etc.
CREATIVITY TECHNIQUES
Techniques Description

Iterate (Go over again) Creative thinking is fundamentally a cynical, non-linear

Technique process. The key is to be flexible, and adapt the solution to
the problem, so to speak, rather than force a solution.
Day Dream Allow yourselves the freedom to daydream. We have been
so conditioned to believe that we are wasting time or not
being productive when we sit idle but it is exactly the
opposite
Collaborate While some researchers have stressed on the need to only
find collaborators who are like-minded, and partnerships
where there is no conflict whatsoever but it is important to
sometimes to work with people who are not completely in
agreement with you
FACTORS INFLUENCING CREATIVITY

The first step to developing a creativity-stimulating atmosphere is

knowledge. Any type of creative work must start with research into
what already exists; then stimulating and relative atmosphere can be
crafted.

Creativity is enhanced when people have some but not too much freedom.
Allow for trial and error and discuss these experiences with the staff in order to
learn from them; experiences stimulate creative ideas by freeing the mind.