Vocab Meaning

Allocate capital resources Distribute financial resources to maximize profits

Cost control Process ensuring actual cost do not exceed

predetermined limit

Offshoring the transferring activities or ownership of a complete

business process to a different country from the
country (or countries) where the company receiving
the services is located.

Outsourcing to get work done by making a contract with another

company to do it, often in another country, rather than
in your own company

Top/ senior management a person or group of people who direct and control an
organization from its highest level.

Middle management a manager who is in charge of people or departments

in a company, but is not in charge of the whole
company and does not take important decisions about
the company's future, or who serve as a link between
the two groups

innate qualities Qualities that you were born with, not one you have
learned

Consultant A person who provides expert advice to a company

Public sector The section of the economy under government control

Work out Come up with

Resulting in a certain outcome, often well

attain to gain with effort

reach a point, or a certain state or level

Vice - chancellor the person next in rank below the chancellor, who
acts as the chancellor's deputy or substitute

Long range planning the process used to implement an organization's

strategic plan
Chase up supplies to search for and find supplies

First-line managers a manager at the lowest level in an organization, who

deals directly with employees

c-level manager Ex: chief operating officer (COO), chief financial officer
(CFO), chief information officer (CIO)

productivity disparities Difference in productivity

conglomerate a group of diverse companies under common

ownership and run as a single organization (tập đoàn)

intermingle Become mixed together

blue-chip Extremely valuable

blue-chip multinational nationally or internationally recognized, well-

established company

pitfalls an unforeseen or unexpected or surprising difficulty

get a feel for to begin to understand how to do something well

managerial workers managers

dry serious and academic in style

Operate on the ground working in a real situation

cultural nuances subtle difference in culture

inadvertently unintendedly

adhere to follow through or carry out a plan

stem from Start from

tailor expectations Adjust expectations

appoint cultural liaisons Appoint someone to stand within a community culture

group and is willing to serve as a link between the
community

Cultural stereotypes oversimplified ideas, beliefs, or images used to

describe or represent a particular culture or group of
people
Balance of trade the difference between a country's exports and
imports of goods

Trade deficit/surplus A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more

goods than they export. A trade surplus occurs when
a country exports more goods than they import

Consensus-minded culture Where employees represent and defend their

(?) company and identify with its values

Deferential culture Where managers pay a great deal of respect to their

seniors, and subordinates respect managers

Egalitarian culture relating to or believing in the principle that all people

are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

expatriates voluntarily absent from home or country

entrepreneurial drive willingness to take risks in order to achieve goals

takes precedence to come first, to have priority

initiative The ability to decide in an independent way what to

do and when to do it.

profiting Giving strength or energy to something.

imitations Relating to a particular cause or source.

venture an investment that is very risky but could yield great

profits

substandard below a satisfactory standard

Self-defeating acting to defeat its own purpose

contingency Plan a plan designed to take a possible future event or

circumstance into account; A reserve plan which will
only be used if necessary.

Strategic Plan outlines the long-term goals and objectives of an

organization

Tactical Plan These plans break down the broader strategic goals
into actionable steps

Operational Plan most detailed and shortterm type of plan, covering a

 timeframe of days, weeks, or months

Action Plan highly specific plan that outlines the tasks,

responsibilities, timelines, and resources required to
achieve a particular goal

interim plan A short — term and temporary plan.

provisional plan A trial plan that may or may not be adopted

permanently.

Business plan A plan which explains a new commercial activity or

new company and how to start it.

partnership a company whose shares are freely sold and traded

PESTEL Analysis Examining the Political, Economic, Social,

Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors that
could impact the organization.

sort out arrange or order

make clear
punish in order to gain control

turn out result or end

sell out get rid of all one's merchandise

sound out speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way

carry out put in effect

buy out take over ownership of

spell out make explicit; specify in detail

make out comprehend

proceed or get along
come to terms or deal successfully with
write all the required information onto a form
imply or suggest
try to establish

bring out bring onto the market or release

Point out make or write a comment on
present and urge reasons in opposition

Hold out for continue to demand a particular thing, refusing to

accept what has been offered.

Cut out delete or remove

Cut out for Was born to do something, suitable to

Have it out attempt to resolve a dispute or misunderstanding by

confronting someone

Stand out be highly noticeable

UNIT 4
 Word/Phrasal Verbs Definitions
Programmed decision A decision that is repetitive, or
routine, and made according to a
specific procedure
Non-programmed decision A decision that is difficult because
of its complexity and the fact that
the person faces it infrequently
Intuition An experience - based way of
knowing or reasoning in which
weighing and balancing evidence
are done unconsciously and
automatically
Procrastination The delaying of action for no good
reason
Bounded rationality The observation that people’s
limited mental abilities, combined
with external influences over which
they have little or no control,
preventing them from making
rational decisions
Heuristic A rule of thumb used in decision
making
Emotional Intelligence The ability to connect with people
and understand their emotions
Satisficing decision A decision that meets the minimum
standard of satisfaction
Earnings The sum of money earned by
working
Income A synonym for earnings but may
include unearned income (property,
investments, share dividends,...)
Revenue Is similar in meaning to income but
 is more likely to refer to the money
that a company receives through
sales
Salary Paid monthly and usually by bank
transfer (monthly payments to
professional employees
Wages Paid weekly to manual or unskilled
workers
Perks Extra payments (a company car,
free accommodation, etc)
First - level managers Managers who supervise operatives
Tactics An action or strategy carefully
planned to achieve a specific end
Audit A systematic review or assessment
of something
Diagnosis The identification of the nature of
an illness or problem by examining
the symptoms
Feasibility The state or degree of being easily
or conveniently done
Deliberation Long and careful consideration
Evidence The available body of facts or
information indicating whether a
belief or proposition is true
Weigh up Consider carefully, assess
Take into account Bear in mind, consider, remember
Secure Succeed in getting, win
Option Choices, possible courses of action
Stepped up Increased
Compromise Take a middle course of action
 UNIT 5
Word/Phrasal Verbs
Business entities
Outsourcing
Customer centric
Competitive edge
Product lines
Matrix structure
Functional structure
Geographic structure
Set up
Innovative
Flopped
To push something on someone
Takeover deal
Definitions
Companies
Getting external companies to do
work for your company
Focusing on the customer rather
than the product
Something that makes you better
than other companies
A structure organized around
different products
A cross-functional structure where
people are organized into project
teams
A structure rather like the army,
where each person has their place
in a fixed hierarchy
A structure that enables a company
to operate internationally, country
by country
Structure
New, original
Did not succeed, failed
Imposing one culture on another
Agreement when a company buys
another
Collapse When a company fails
Replicated Something that is copied exactly
Tangible Something that can be seen and
proved
Legend Company that is famous in its
industry
Complacent Being unreasonably confident
Compromise Agreement where both sides give
up some of what they want
Aligned In the same position or share the
same ideas
Swapping Exchanging people or things
Virtually Almost all
Parking lots A place where cars are put
Old-age pensioners People of retirement age who no
longer work
Chant Sing
Widespread Available to lots of people
Lead to the downfall Cause something to fail
Incentivised Motivated through money or other
means
Elude Escape
Organizational development A concept of organizational
change that is based on flexibility
and continuous change
Change agents People responsible for making
change happen in renewal
organizations.
Benchmarking A process of identifying a model of
'best practice’ and comparing
performance against this model.
Communication Explaining why change is
necessary and how it should
happen.
Resistance to change A combination of force that do not
want change
Re-engineering Radical redesign of all aspects of
an organization ’s activity
Data analysis Study of the impact of change.
Organizational renewal An approach to change that is
based on looking at development
the people and their relationship to
the whole the approach is planned,
strategic and long-term.
UNIT 6